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Roy A, Shi L, Chang A, Dong X, Fernandez A, Kraft JC, Li J, Le VQ, Winegar RV, Cherf GM, Slocum D, Poulson PD, Casper GE, Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Valdoz JC, Miranda MC, Bai H, Kipnis Y, Olshefsky A, Priya T, Carter L, Ravichandran R, Chow CM, Johnson MR, Cheng S, Smith M, Overed-Sayer C, Finch DK, Lowe D, Bera AK, Matute-Bello G, Birkland TP, DiMaio F, Raghu G, Cochran JR, Stewart LJ, Campbell MG, Van Ry PM, Springer T, Baker D. De novo design of highly selective miniprotein inhibitors of integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5660. [PMID: 37704610 PMCID: PMC10500007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-binding integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 are clinically validated cancer and fibrosis targets of considerable therapeutic importance. Compounds that can discriminate between homologous αvβ6 and αvβ8 and other RGD integrins, stabilize specific conformational states, and have high thermal stability could have considerable therapeutic utility. Existing small molecule and antibody inhibitors do not have all these properties, and hence new approaches are needed. Here we describe a generalized method for computationally designing RGD-containing miniproteins selective for a single RGD integrin heterodimer and conformational state. We design hyperstable, selective αvβ6 and αvβ8 inhibitors that bind with picomolar affinity. CryoEM structures of the designed inhibitor-integrin complexes are very close to the computational design models, and show that the inhibitors stabilize specific conformational states of the αvβ6 and the αvβ8 integrins. In a lung fibrosis mouse model, the αvβ6 inhibitor potently reduced fibrotic burden and improved overall lung mechanics, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of de novo designed integrin binding proteins with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Encodia Inc, 5785 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Xianchi Dong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Andres Fernandez
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viet Q Le
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Viazzo Winegar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gerald Maxwell Cherf
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dean Slocum
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Daniel Poulson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Garrett E Casper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | - Jonard Corpuz Valdoz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yakov Kipnis
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Audrey Olshefsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tanu Priya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cameron M Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Max R Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Suna Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - McKaela Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Donna K Finch
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Lowe
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford Science Park, Medawar Centre, East Building, Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford, OX4 4HG, England
| | - Asim K Bera
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lance J Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melody G Campbell
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Timothy Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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2
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Song G, Meng F, Luo B. The β
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integrin EGF domains support a constitutive extended conformation, and the cytoplasmic domain impairs outside‐in signaling. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4251-4261. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Song
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Bing‐Hao Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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Yamada Y, Onda T, Hagiuda A, Kan R, Matsunuma M, Hamada K, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. RGDX 1 X 2 motif regulates integrin αvβ5 binding for pluripotent stem cell adhesion. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22389. [PMID: 35657599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200317r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif is a cell adhesion sequence that binds to integrins. Some RGD-containing peptides promote adhesion of both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, not all such RGD-containing peptides are active. In this study, we elucidated the role of RGD-neighboring sequences on iPSC adhesion using diverse synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins. Our results indicate that iPSC adhesion requires RGDX1 X2 sequences, such as RGDVF and RGDNY, and that the X1 X2 residues are essential for the adhesion via integrin αvβ5 but not αvβ3. iPSCs express integrin αvβ5 but not αvβ3; therefore, iPSC adhesion requires the RGDX1 X2 -containing sequences. The importance of the X1 X2 residues was confirmed with both HeLa and A549 cells, which express integrin αvβ5 but not αvβ3. Analysis of RGD-neighboring sequences provides important insights into ligand-binding specificity of integrins. Identification of integrin αvβ5-binding motifs is potentially useful in drug development, drug delivery, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Toru Onda
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Ayami Hagiuda
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masumi Matsunuma
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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4
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Othman H, Messaoud HB, Khamessi O, Ben-Mabrouk H, Ghedira K, Bharuthram A, Treurnicht F, Achilonu I, Sayed Y, Srairi-Abid N. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Unlikely to Bind to Integrins via the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Motif of the Receptor Binding Domain: Evidence From Structural Analysis and Microscale Accelerated Molecular Dynamics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:834857. [PMID: 35237662 PMCID: PMC8883519 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.834857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 virus harbors a sequence of Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide named RGD motif, which has also been identified in extracellular matrix proteins that bind integrins as well as other disintegrins and viruses. Accordingly, integrins have been proposed as host receptors for SARS-CoV-2. However, given that the microenvironment of the RGD motif imposes a structural hindrance to the protein-protein association, the validity of this hypothesis is still uncertain. Here, we used normal mode analysis, accelerated molecular dynamics microscale simulation, and protein-protein docking to investigate the putative role of RGD motif of SARS-CoV-2 RBD for interacting with integrins. We found, that neither RGD motif nor its microenvironment showed any significant conformational shift in the RBD structure. Highly populated clusters of RBD showed no capability to interact with the RGD binding site in integrins. The free energy landscape revealed that the RGD conformation within RBD could not acquire an optimal geometry to allow the interaction with integrins. In light of these results, and in the event where integrins are confirmed to be host receptors for SARS-CoV-2, we suggest a possible involvement of other residues to stabilize the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houcemeddine Othman
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Ben Messaoud
- National Gene Bank of Tunisia, Boulevard du Leader Yesser Arafet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oussema Khamessi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08 Venins et Biomolecules Therapeutiques, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Hazem Ben-Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghedira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Avani Bharuthram
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Services and the School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florette Treurnicht
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Services and the School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yasien Sayed
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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5
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Shen J, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Lyu S, Lyu C, Feng Z, Hoyle DL, Wang ZZ, Cheng T. Vitronectin-activated αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin signalling specifies haematopoietic fate in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13012. [PMID: 33656760 PMCID: PMC8016644 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitronectin (VTN) has been widely used for the maintenance and expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as feeder-free conditions. However, the effect of VTN on hPSC differentiation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of VTN in early haematopoietic development of hPSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chemically defined monolayer system was applied to study the role of different matrix or basement membrane proteins in haematopoietic development of hPSCs. The role of integrin signalling in VTN-mediated haematopoietic differentiation was investigated by integrin antagonists. Finally, small interfering RNA was used to knock down integrin gene expression in differentiated cells. RESULTS We found that the haematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs on VTN was far more efficient than that on Matrigel that is also often used for hPSC culture. VTN promoted the fate determination of endothelial-haematopoietic lineage during mesoderm development to generate haemogenic endothelium (HE). Moreover, we demonstrated that the signals through αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins were required for VTN-promoted haematopoietic differentiation. Blocking αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins by the integrin antagonists impaired the development of HE, but not endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). Finally, both αvβ3 and αvβ5 were confirmed acting synergistically for early haematopoietic differentiation by knockdown the expression of αv, β3 or β5. CONCLUSION The established VTN-based monolayer system of haematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs presents a valuable platform for further investigating niche signals involved in human haematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuicui Lyu
- Department of Hematology, the First Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zicen Feng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Dixie L Hoyle
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy and Technology, Tianjin, China
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6
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Jackson TC, Gorse K, Herrmann JR, Kochanek PM. Hippocampal and Prefrontal Cortical Brain Tissue Levels of Irisin and GDF15 Receptor Subunits in Children. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2145-2157. [PMID: 33411243 PMCID: PMC7788542 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold-stress hormones (CSHs) stimulate thermogenesis and have direct neuroprotective effects on the brain. The obligatory receptor components of two new CSHs (irisin and growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF15]) were recently discovered. Irisin binds integrin-αV/β5 heterodimers while GDF-15 binds to the orphan receptor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL). In addition, integrin-αV/β5 was just identified as the key receptor mediating Zika virus infection in the CNS. We measured integrin-αV, integrin-β5, and GFRAL protein levels across 78 high-quality human male/female brain tissues in infants, toddlers, preschoolers, adolescent, and adults-providing the most robust analysis to date on their levels in the human cortex and hippocampus. We report that integrin-αV was detected at all ages in the prefrontal cortex with levels greatest in adults. Integrin-αV was also detected in the hippocampus in all age groups. In contrast, integrin-β5 was detected in cortex and hippocampus largely restricted to infants. Co-expression of integrin-αV/β5 in the human infant hippocampus and cortex suggests the possibility that irisin has a more robust effect on the developing vs. the adult brain and may have implications for Zika virus infection in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Jackson
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0742, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs BLVD, MDC 2532, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.
| | - Kiersten Gorse
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0742, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs BLVD, MDC 2532, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA
| | - Jeremy R Herrmann
- School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, John G. Rangos Research Center - 6th Floor, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, John G. Rangos Research Center - 6th Floor, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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7
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Song G, Luo BH. Atypical structure and function of integrin α V β 8. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4874-4887. [PMID: 33368230 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that play important roles in various biological processes. Most integrins serve as adhesion molecules and transmit bidirectional signaling across the cell membrane through global conformational changes from the bent closed to the extended open conformation. However, integrin β8 is distinctive in structure and function. Its cytoplasmic domain lacks the conserved protein-binding sequence, which is important in transmitting inside-out signals, suggesting that integrin β8 may have a different activation mechanism or lack such signaling. In addition, the ligand-binding or activating metal ion Mn2+ does not induce a global conformational change in integrin β8 . It may have only one conformation, that is, an extended, closed conformation, but with high affinity for ligands under physiological conditions, and is, therefore, considered an atypical integrin member. The extended structure and high ligand-binding affinity of integrin αv β8 make it ideal for encountering and binding ligands expressed on an opposing cell or in the extracellular matrix. In this review, we summarize the progress in integrin β8 research with a focus on its distinctive function and structure among integrin members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bing-Hao Luo
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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8
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Kim HN, Ruan Y, Ogana H, Kim YM. Cadherins, Selectins, and Integrins in CAM-DR in Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592733. [PMID: 33425742 PMCID: PMC7793796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukemia cells and the bone microenvironment is known to provide drug resistance in leukemia cells. This phenomenon, called cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), has been demonstrated in many subsets of leukemia including B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B- and T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface molecules that allow cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. CAMs not only recognize ligands for binding but also initiate the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance upon binding to their ligands. Cadherins, selectins, and integrins are well-known cell adhesion molecules that allow binding to neighboring cells, ECM proteins, and soluble factors. The expression of cadherin, selectin, and integrin correlates with the increased drug resistance of leukemia cells. This paper will review the role of cadherins, selectins, and integrins in CAM-DR and the results of clinical trials targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Na Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yongsheng Ruan
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heather Ogana
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Quigley NG, Steiger K, Richter F, Weichert W, Hoberück S, Kotzerke J, Notni J. Tracking a TGF-β activator in vivo: sensitive PET imaging of αvβ8-integrin with the Ga-68-labeled cyclic RGD octapeptide trimer Ga-68-Triveoctin. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:133. [PMID: 33128636 PMCID: PMC7603442 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a major activator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), the RGD receptor αvβ8-integrin is involved in pathogenic processes related to TGF-β dysregulation, such as tumor growth, invasion, and radiochemoresistance, metastasis and tumor cell stemness, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical Ga-68-Triveoctin for in vivo mapping of αvβ8-integrin expression might enhance the prognosis of certain tumor entities, as well as support and augment TGF-β-targeted therapeutic approaches. Methods Monomeric and trimeric conjugates of cyclo(GLRGDLp(NMe)K(pent-4-ynoic amide)) were synthesized by click chemistry (CuAAC), labeled with Ga-68, and evaluated in MeWo (human melanoma) xenografted SCID mice by means of PET and ex-vivo biodistribution. αvβ8-integrin expression in murine tissues was determined by β8-IHC. A human subject received a single injection of 173 MBq of Ga-68-Triveoctin and underwent 3 subsequent PET/CT scans at 25, 45, and 90 min p.i.. Results The trimer Ga-68-Triveoctin exhibits a 6.7-fold higher αvβ8-integrin affinity than the monomer (IC50 of 5.7 vs. 38 nM, respectively). Accordingly, biodistribution showed a higher tumor uptake (1.9 vs. 1.0%IA/g, respectively) but a similar baseline upon blockade (0.25%IA/g for both). IHC showed an intermediate β8-expression in the tumor while most organs and tissues were found β8-negative. Low non-target tissue uptakes (< 0.4%IA/g) confirmed a low degree of unspecific binding. Due to its hydrophilicity (log D = − 3.1), Ga-68-Triveoctin is excreted renally and shows favorable tumor/tissue ratios in mice (t/blood: 6.7; t/liver: 6.8; t/muscle: 29). A high kidney uptake in mice (kidney-to-blood and -to-muscle ratios of 126 and 505, respectively) is not reflected by human PET (corresponding values are 15 and 30, respectively), which furthermore showed notable uptakes in coeliac and choroid plexus (SUVmean 6.1 and 9.7, respectively, 90 min p.i.). Conclusion Ga-68-Triveoctin enables sensitive in-vivo imaging αvβ8-integrin expression in murine tumor xenografts. PET in a human subject confirmed a favorable biodistribution, underscoring the potential of Ga-68-Triveoctin for mapping of αvβ8-integrin expression in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institut für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institut für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institut für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institut für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoberück
- Klinik Und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Klinik Und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institut für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Quigley NG, Tomassi S, di Leva FS, Di Maro S, Richter F, Steiger K, Kossatz S, Marinelli L, Notni J. Click-Chemistry (CuAAC) Trimerization of an α v β 6 Integrin Targeting Ga-68-Peptide: Enhanced Contrast for in-Vivo PET Imaging of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2836-2843. [PMID: 32359011 PMCID: PMC7586803 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
αv β6 Integrin is an epithelial transmembrane protein that recognizes latency-associated peptide (LAP) and primarily activates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). It is overexpressed in carcinomas (most notably, pancreatic) and other conditions associated with αv β6 integrin-dependent TGF-β dysregulation, such as fibrosis. We have designed a trimeric Ga-68-labeled TRAP conjugate of the αv β6 -specific cyclic pentapeptide SDM17 (cyclo[RGD-Chg-E]-CONH2 ) to enhance αv β6 integrin affinity as well as target-specific in-vivo uptake. Ga-68-TRAP(SDM17)3 showed a 28-fold higher αv β6 affinity than the corresponding monomer Ga-68-NOTA-SDM17 (IC50 of 0.26 vs. 7.4 nM, respectively), a 13-fold higher IC50 -based selectivity over the related integrin αv β8 (factors of 662 vs. 49), and a threefold higher tumor uptake (2.1 vs. 0.66 %ID/g) in biodistribution experiments with H2009 tumor-bearing SCID mice. The remarkably high tumor/organ ratios (tumor-to-blood 11.2; -to-liver 8.7; -to-pancreas 29.7) enabled high-contrast tumor delineation in PET images. We conclude that Ga-68-TRAP(SDM17)3 holds promise for improved clinical PET diagnostics of carcinomas and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIVia D. Montesano 4980131NapoliItaly
| | - Francesco Saverio di Leva
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIVia D. Montesano 4980131NapoliItaly
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Via A. Vivaldi 4381100CasertaItaly
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin and TranslaTUMCentral Institute for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnische Universität MünchenIsmaninger Str. 2281675MünchenGermany
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIVia D. Montesano 4980131NapoliItaly
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
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11
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McCarty JH. αvβ8 integrin adhesion and signaling pathways in development, physiology and disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/12/jcs239434. [PMID: 32540905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must interpret a complex milieu of extracellular cues to modulate intracellular signaling events linked to proliferation, differentiation, migration and other cellular processes. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton and control intracellular signaling events. A great deal is known about the structural and functional properties for most integrins; however, the adhesion and signaling pathways controlled by αvβ8 integrin, which was discovered nearly 30 years ago, have only recently been characterized. αvβ8 integrin is a receptor for ECM-bound forms of latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins and promotes the activation of TGFβ signaling pathways. Studies of the brain, lung and immune system reveal that the αvβ8 integrin-TGFβ axis mediates cell-cell contact and communication within complex multicellular structures. Perturbing components of this axis results in aberrant cell-cell adhesion and signaling leading to the initiation of various pathologies, including neurodegeneration, fibrosis and cancer. As discussed in this Review, understanding the functions for αvβ8 integrin, its ECM ligands and intracellular effector proteins is not only an important topic in cell biology, but may lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat human pathologies related to integrin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Unit 1004, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Campbell MG, Cormier A, Ito S, Seed RI, Bondesson AJ, Lou J, Marks JD, Baron JL, Cheng Y, Nishimura SL. Cryo-EM Reveals Integrin-Mediated TGF-β Activation without Release from Latent TGF-β. Cell 2020; 180:490-501.e16. [PMID: 31955848 PMCID: PMC7238552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ8 binds with exquisite specificity to latent transforming growth factor-β (L-TGF-β). This binding is essential for activating L-TGF-β presented by a variety of cell types. Inhibiting αvβ8-mediated TGF-β activation blocks immunosuppressive regulatory T cell differentiation, which is a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer. Using cryo-electron microscopy, structure-guided mutagenesis, and cell-based assays, we reveal the binding interactions between the entire αvβ8 ectodomain and its intact natural ligand, L-TGF-β, as well as two different inhibitory antibody fragments to understand the structural underpinnings of αvβ8 binding specificity and TGF-β activation. Our studies reveal a mechanism of TGF-β activation where mature TGF-β signals within the confines of L-TGF-β and the release and diffusion of TGF-β are not required. The structural details of this mechanism provide a rational basis for therapeutic strategies to inhibit αvβ8-mediated L-TGF-β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Cormier
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saburo Ito
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert I Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Bondesson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jianlong Lou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James D Marks
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jody L Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen L Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Activation and suppression of hematopoietic integrins in hemostasis and immunity. Blood 2020; 135:7-16. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nolte and Margadant review the current understanding of the activation and inactivation of integrin receptors expressed by hematopoietic cells and the role of these conformational changes in modulating platelet and leukocyte function.
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14
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Expression of polydom in dermal neurofibroma and surrounding dermis in von Recklinghausen's disease. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:73-80. [PMID: 31570272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromas in von Recklinghausen's disease (vRD) can develop in the dermis. Therefore, we hypothesized that a dermal niche exists that promotes the development of these neurofibromas in subjects with vRD. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the function of polydom, known as a ligand for integrin, mediating cell adhesion, and expressed in mouse nerve tissue, in promotion of neurofibroma. METHODS Molecular, transcriptome and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to investigate the association between polydom expression and neurofibroma development. RESULTS Polydom mRNA levels were significantly higher in neurofibroma tissue than in control tissue. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of RNA purified from primary cultured dermal neurofibroma cells demonstrated significantly higher polydom mRNA expression in cells derived from the surrounding dermis of neurofibromas compared to those from normal human dermal fibroblasts. RNA sequencing was used to compare gene expression between cultured cells derived from dermal neurofibroma-surrounding tissue with or without polydom knockdown. Subsequent gene ontology assays revealed that expression of integrinβ8 (ITGB8), a factor that releases transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from pro-TGF-β, was downregulated following polydom knockdown, suggesting upregulation of polydom-mediated TGF-β production. Furthermore, we observed a strong association between polydom expression and the increase in platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) expression in primary cultured cells from the surrounding dermis of neurofibromas exposed to TGF-β1. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increased polydom expression in the dermis surrounding neurofibromas may promote dermal neurofibroma development by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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15
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Jin S, Lee WC, Aust D, Pilarsky C, Cordes N. β8 Integrin Mediates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Radiochemoresistance. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2126-2138. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Kelly GT, Faraj R, Zhang Y, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Black SM, Wang T. Pulmonary Endothelial Mechanical Sensing and Signaling, a Story of Focal Adhesions and Integrins in Ventilator Induced Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:511. [PMID: 31105595 PMCID: PMC6498899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical illness such as acute lung injury often undergo mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Though lifesaving in many instances, mechanical ventilation often results in ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), characterized by overdistension of lung tissue leading to release of edemagenic agents, which further damage the lung and contribute to the mortality and progression of pulmonary inflammation. The endothelium is particularly sensitive, as VILI associated mechanical stress results in endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress fiber formation, and integrity loss. At the heart of these changes are integrin tethered focal adhesions (FAs) which participate in mechanosensing, structure, and signaling. Here, we present the known roles of FA proteins including c-Src, talin, FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and integrins in the sensing and response to cyclic stretch and VILI associated stress. Attention is given to how stretch is propagated from the extracellular matrix through integrins to talin and other FA proteins, as well as signaling cascades that include FA proteins, leading to stress fiber formation and other cellular responses. This unifying picture of FAs aids our understanding in an effort to prevent and treat VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Reem Faraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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17
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Greenhalgh SN, Matchett KP, Taylor RS, Huang K, Li JT, Saeteurn K, Donnelly MC, Simpson EEM, Pollack JL, Atakilit A, Simpson KJ, Maher JJ, Iredale JP, Sheppard D, Henderson NC. Loss of Integrin αvβ8 in Murine Hepatocytes Accelerates Liver Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:258-271. [PMID: 30448409 PMCID: PMC6360354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent fate-mapping studies in mice have provided substantial evidence that mature adult hepatocytes are a major source of new hepatocytes after liver injury. In other systems, integrin αvβ8 has a major role in activating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte proliferation. We hypothesized that depletion of hepatocyte integrin αvβ8 would increase hepatocyte proliferation and accelerate liver regeneration after injury. Using Itgb8flox/flox;Alb-Cre mice to deplete hepatocyte αvβ8, after partial hepatectomy, hepatocyte proliferation and liver-to-body weight ratio were significantly increased in Itgb8flox/flox;Alb-Cre mice compared with control mice. Antibody-mediated blockade of hepatocyte αvβ8 in vitro, with assessment of TGF-β signaling pathways by real-time quantitative PCR array, supported the hypothesis that integrin αvβ8 inhibition alters hepatocyte TGF-β signaling toward a pro-regenerative phenotype. A diethylnitrosamine-induced model of hepatocellular carcinoma, used to examine the possibility that this pro-proliferative phenotype might be oncogenic, revealed no difference in either tumor number or size between Itgb8flox/flox;Alb-Cre and control mice. Immunohistochemistry for integrin αvβ8 in healthy and injured human liver demonstrated that human hepatocytes express integrin αvβ8. Depletion of hepatocyte integrin αvβ8 results in increased hepatocyte proliferation and accelerated liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. These data demonstrate that targeting integrin αvβ8 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to drive liver regeneration in patients with a broad range of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Greenhalgh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S Taylor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Huang
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John T Li
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Koy Saeteurn
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mhairi C Donnelly
- Department of Hepatology, Scottish Liver Transplant Unit and University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eilidh E M Simpson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua L Pollack
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amha Atakilit
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth J Simpson
- Department of Hepatology, Scottish Liver Transplant Unit and University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jacquelyn J Maher
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John P Iredale
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Senate House, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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18
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Reichart F, Maltsev OV, Kapp TG, Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Marelli UK, Notni J, Wurzer A, Beck R, Wester HJ, Steiger K, Di Maro S, Di Leva FS, Marinelli L, Nieberler M, Reuning U, Schwaiger M, Kessler H. Selective Targeting of Integrin αvβ8 by a Highly Active Cyclic Peptide. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2024-2037. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oleg V. Maltsev
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias G. Kapp
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas F. B. Räder
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Central NMR Facility and Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner Straße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Wurzer
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner Straße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Roswitha Beck
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner Straße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner Straße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Markus Nieberler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81679 München, Germany
| | | | | | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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19
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Jessen TN, Jessen JR. VANGL2 protein stability is regulated by integrin αv and the extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:128-139. [PMID: 30472097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vang-like 2 (VANGL2) is a four-pass transmembrane protein required for a variety of polarized cell behaviors underlying embryonic development. Recent data show human VANGL2 interacts with integrin αv to control cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. The goal of this study was to further define the functional relationship between integrin αv and VANGL2. We demonstrate integrin αv regulates VANGL2 protein levels both in vitro and in the zebrafish embryo. While integrin αv knockdown reduces VANGL2 expression at membrane compartments, it does not affect VANGL2 transcription. Knockdown of integrin β5, but not β1 or β3, also decreases VANGL2 protein levels. Inhibition of protein translation using cycloheximide demonstrates that integrin αv knockdown cells have increased VANGL2 degradation while interference with either proteasome or lysosome function restores VANGL2. We further show integrin activation and stimulation of cell-matrix adhesion using MnCl2 fails to influence VANGL2. However, MnCl2 treatment stabilizes VANGL2 protein expression levels in the presence of cycloheximide. In the converse experiment, blockage of integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion using a cyclic RGD peptide causes a reduction in VANGL2 protein levels. Together, our findings support a model where integrin αv and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix are required to maintain VANGL2 protein levels and thus function at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy N Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
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20
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Takasaka N, Seed RI, Cormier A, Bondesson AJ, Lou J, Elattma A, Ito S, Yanagisawa H, Hashimoto M, Ma R, Levine MD, Publicover J, Potts R, Jespersen JM, Campbell MG, Conrad F, Marks JD, Cheng Y, Baron JL, Nishimura SL. Integrin αvβ8-expressing tumor cells evade host immunity by regulating TGF-β activation in immune cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122591. [PMID: 30333313 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a promising immunotherapeutic target. It is expressed ubiquitously in a latent form that must be activated to function. Determination of where and how latent TGF-β (L-TGF-β) is activated in the tumor microenvironment could facilitate cell- and mechanism-specific approaches to immunotherapeutically target TGF-β. Binding of L-TGF-β to integrin αvβ8 results in activation of TGF-β. We engineered and used αvβ8 antibodies optimized for blocking or detection, which - respectively - inhibit tumor growth in syngeneic tumor models or sensitively and specifically detect β8 in human tumors. Inhibition of αvβ8 potentiates cytotoxic T cell responses and recruitment of immune cells to tumor centers - effects that are independent of PD-1/PD-L1. β8 is expressed on the cell surface at high levels by tumor cells, not immune cells, while the reverse is true of L-TGF-β, suggesting that tumor cell αvβ8 serves as a platform for activating cell-surface L-TGF-β presented by immune cells. Transcriptome analysis of tumor-associated lymphoid cells reveals macrophages as a key cell type responsive to β8 inhibition with major increases in chemokine and tumor-eliminating genes. High β8 expression in tumor cells is seen in 20%-80% of various cancers, which rarely coincides with high PD-L1 expression. These data suggest tumor cell αvβ8 is a PD-1/PD-L1-independent immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Cryo-EM structure of the αvβ8 integrin reveals a mechanism for stabilizing integrin extension. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:698-704. [PMID: 30061598 PMCID: PMC6214843 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are conformationally flexible cell surface receptors that survey the extracellular environment for their cognate ligands. Interactions with ligands are thought to be linked to global structural rearrangements involving transitions between bent, extended-closed and -open forms. Thus far, structural details are lacking for integrins in the extended conformation due to extensive flexibility between the headpiece and legs within this conformation. Here we present single-particle electron cryo-microscopy structures of human αvβ8 integrin in the extended-closed conformation, which has been considered to be a low-affinity intermediate. Our structures show the headpiece rotating about a flexible αv-knee, suggesting a ligand surveillance mechanism for integrins in their extended-closed form. Our model predicts that the extended conformation is mainly stabilized by an interface formed between flexible loops in the upper and lower domains of the αv-leg. Confirming these findings with the αvβ3 integrin suggests that our model of stabilizing the extended-closed conformation is generalizable to other integrins.
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22
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine present in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms that functions in numerous physiological and pathological processes. TGF-β impacts all the cells of the immune system, and of the three known TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β1 is the predominant isoform expressed in immune cells. TGF-β1 is known to play a pivotal role in the function of all immune cells especially in the regulation of T cell development and in the induction of immunological tolerance in dendritic cells (DCs). Based on the importance of DCs in regulation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, in this review we explore the regulatory functions of TGF-β required for establishment and maintenance of DC-mediated immune tolerance.
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23
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Hu P, Luo B. The interface between the EGF1 and EGF2 domains is critical in integrin affinity regulation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7264-7273. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Bing‐Hao Luo
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
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24
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Abe A, Hashimoto K, Akiyama A, Iida M, Ikeda N, Hamano A, Watanabe R, Hayashi Y, Miyamoto Y. αvβ5 integrin mediates the effect of vitronectin on the initial stage of differentiation in mouse cerebellar granule cell precursors. Brain Res 2018; 1691:94-104. [PMID: 29702083 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitronectin (VN), one of the extracellular matrix proteins, controls the maturation of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) through the promotion of the initial differentiation stage progress. However, the receptors of VN in the initial differentiation stage of CGC precursors (CGCPs) have not been clarified. In this study, we characterized the receptor candidates for VN in CGCPs. First, we confirmed that αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, which are receptor candidates for VN, were co-localized with VN in the developing cerebellum and primary cultured CGCPs. Next, the knockdown (KD) of αv, β3, and β5 integrins with small interference RNA (siRNA) for each integrin reduced the ratio of Tuj1, a final differentiation marker, -positive CGCPs. We further studied whether αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins control the initial differentiation stage. The KD of αv and β5, but not β3, integrins significantly increased the ratio of transient axonal glycoprotein 1 (TAG1), an initial differentiation marker, -positive CGCPs, whereas the KD of αv and β3 integrins, not β5 integrin, stimulated the proliferation of CGCPs. Overexpression of β5 integrin stimulated the progress of the initial differentiation stage as well. To confirm the interaction between αvβ5 integrin and VN, VN was added to β5 integrin-KD CGCPs. The promotion of the progress of initial differentiation by VN was abrogated by β5 integrin KD using small hairpin RNA (shRNA). Taken together, our results indicated that αvβ5 integrin, as the very receptor of VN, is responsible for the progress of the initial differentiation stage in mouse CGCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Abe
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Akiyama
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoe Iida
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayana Hamano
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riho Watanabe
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yokichi Hayashi
- Department of Life Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Exploring the Role of RGD-Recognizing Integrins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090116. [PMID: 28869579 PMCID: PMC5615331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are key regulators of communication between cells and with their microenvironment. Eight members of the integrin superfamily recognize the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) within extracelluar matrix (ECM) proteins. These integrins constitute an important subfamily and play a major role in cancer progression and metastasis via their tumor biological functions. Such transmembrane adhesion and signaling receptors are thus recognized as promising and well accessible targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications for directly attacking cancer cells and their fatal microenvironment. Recently, specific small peptidic and peptidomimetic ligands as well as antibodies binding to distinct integrin subtypes have been developed and synthesized as new drug candidates for cancer treatment. Understanding the distinct functions and interplay of integrin subtypes is a prerequisite for selective intervention in integrin-mediated diseases. Integrin subtype-specific ligands labelled with radioisotopes or fluorescent molecules allows the characterization of the integrin patterns in vivo and later the medical intervention via subtype specific drugs. The coating of nanoparticles, larger proteins, or encapsulating agents by integrin ligands are being explored to guide cytotoxic reagents directly to the cancer cell surface. These ligands are currently under investigation in clinical studies for their efficacy in interference with tumor cell adhesion, migration/invasion, proliferation, signaling, and survival, opening new treatment approaches in personalized medicine.
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26
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Guerrero PA, Tchaicha JH, Chen Z, Morales JE, McCarty N, Wang Q, Sulman EP, Fuller G, Lang FF, Rao G, McCarty JH. Glioblastoma stem cells exploit the αvβ8 integrin-TGFβ1 signaling axis to drive tumor initiation and progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:6568-6580. [PMID: 28783169 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain cancer that contains populations of stem-like cancer cells (GSCs) that home to specialized perivascular niches. GSC interactions with their niche influence self-renewal, differentiation and drug resistance, although the pathways underlying these events remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the integrin αvβ8 and its latent transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) protein ligand have central roles in promoting niche co-option and GBM initiation. αvβ8 integrin is highly expressed in GSCs and is essential for self-renewal and lineage commitment in vitro. Fractionation of β8high cells from freshly resected human GBM samples also reveals a requirement for this integrin in tumorigenesis in vivo. Whole-transcriptome sequencing reveals that αvβ8 integrin regulates tumor development, in part, by driving TGFβ1-induced DNA replication and mitotic checkpoint progression. Collectively, these data identify the αvβ8 integrin-TGFβ1 signaling axis as crucial for exploitation of the perivascular niche and identify potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting tumor growth and progression in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Guerrero
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J H Tchaicha
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J E Morales
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N McCarty
- The Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Fuller
- Departments of Pathology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J H McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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27
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Hu P, Luo BH. Integrin αv
β8
Adopts a High Affinity State for Soluble Ligands Under Physiological Conditions. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2044-2052. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Bing-Hao Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana
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28
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Chang Y, Lau WL, Jo H, Tsujino K, Gewin L, Reed NI, Atakilit A, Nunes ACF, DeGrado WF, Sheppard D. Pharmacologic Blockade of αv β1 Integrin Ameliorates Renal Failure and Fibrosis In Vivo. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1998-2005. [PMID: 28220032 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated fibroblasts are deemed the main executors of organ fibrosis. However, regulation of the pathologic functions of these cells in vivo is poorly understood. PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) is highly expressed in activated pericytes, a main source of fibroblasts. Studies using a PDGFRβ promoter-driven Cre system to delete αv integrins in activated fibroblasts identified these integrins as core regulators of fibroblast activity across solid organs, including the kidneys. Here, we used the same PDGFRβ-Cre line to isolate and study renal fibroblasts ex vivo We found that renal fibroblasts express three αv integrins, namely αvβ1, αvβ3, and αvβ5. Blockade of αvβ1 prevented direct binding of fibroblasts to the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1 and prevented activation of the latent TGF-β complex. Continuous administration of a recently described potent small molecule inhibitor of αvβ1, compound 8, starting the day of unilateral ureteral obstruction operation, inhibited collagen deposition in the kidneys of mice 14 days later. Compound 8 also effectively attenuated renal failure, as measured by BUN levels in mice fed an adenine diet known to cause renal injury followed by fibrosis. Inhibition of αvβ1 integrin could thus hold promise as a therapeutic intervention in CKD characterized by renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongen Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California;
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nilgun Isik Reed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Amha Atakilit
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | | | | | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
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29
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Kelly A, Houston SA, Sherwood E, Casulli J, Travis MA. Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by TGFβ. Adv Immunol 2017; 134:137-233. [PMID: 28413021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune regulation by cytokines is crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting responses to infection, resolving inflammation, and promoting immunological memory. Additionally, cytokine responses drive pathology in immune-mediated disease. A crucial cytokine in the regulation of all aspects of an immune response is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Although best known as a crucial regulator of T cell responses, TGFβ plays a vital role in regulating responses mediated by virtually every innate and adaptive immune cell, including dendritic cells, B cells, NK cells, innate lymphoid cells, and granulocytes. Here, we review our current knowledge of how TGFβ regulates the immune system, highlighting the multifunctional nature of TGFβ and how its function can change depending on location and context of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Kelly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Houston
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sherwood
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Casulli
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Travis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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30
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Gautam J, Zhang X, Yao Y. The role of pericytic laminin in blood brain barrier integrity maintenance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36450. [PMID: 27808256 PMCID: PMC5093438 DOI: 10.1038/srep36450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a major component of the basement membrane, plays an important role in blood brain barrier regulation. At the neurovascular unit, brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes synthesize and deposit different laminin isoforms into the basement membrane. It has been shown that laminin α4 (endothelial laminin) regulates vascular integrity at embryonic/neonatal stage, while astrocytic laminin maintains vascular integrity in adulthood. Here, we investigate the function of pericyte-derived laminin in vascular integrity. Using a conditional knockout mouse line, we report that loss of pericytic laminin leads to hydrocephalus and BBB breakdown in a small percentage (10.7%) of the mutants. Interestingly, BBB disruption always goes hand-in-hand with hydrocephalus in these mutants, and neither symptom is observed in the rest 89.3% of the mutants. Further mechanistic studies show that reduced tight junction proteins, diminished AQP4 expression, and decreased pericyte coverage are responsible for the BBB disruption. Together, these data suggest that pericyte-derived laminin is involved in the maintenance of BBB integrity and regulation of ventricular size/development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Xuanming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
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31
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Cheerathodi M, Avci NG, Guerrero PA, Tang LK, Popp J, Morales JE, Chen Z, Carnero A, Lang FF, Ballif BA, Rivera GM, McCarty JH. The Cytoskeletal Adapter Protein Spinophilin Regulates Invadopodia Dynamics and Tumor Cell Invasion in Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1277-1287. [PMID: 27655131 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary brain cancer that is resistant to all treatment modalities. This resistance is due, in large part, to invasive cancer cells that disperse from the main tumor site, escape surgical resection, and contribute to recurrent secondary lesions. The adhesion and signaling mechanisms that drive glioblastoma cell invasion remain enigmatic, and as a result there are no effective anti-invasive clinical therapies. Here we have characterized a novel adhesion and signaling pathway comprised of the integrin αvβ8 and its intracellular binding partner, Spinophilin (Spn), which regulates glioblastoma cell invasion in the brain microenvironment. We show for the first time that Spn binds directly to the cytoplasmic domain of β8 integrin in glioblastoma cells. Genetically targeting Spn leads to enhanced invasive cell growth in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Spn regulates glioblastoma cell invasion by modulating the formation and dissolution of invadopodia. Spn-regulated invadopodia dynamics are dependent, in part, on proper spatiotemporal activation of the Rac1 GTPase. Glioblastoma cells that lack Spn showed diminished Rac1 activities, increased numbers of invadopodia, and enhanced extracellular matrix degradation. Collectively, these data identify Spn as a critical adhesion and signaling protein that is essential for modulating glioblastoma cell invasion in the brain microenvironment. IMPLICATIONS Tumor cell invasion is a major clinical obstacle in glioblastoma and this study identifies a new signaling pathway regulated by Spinophilin in invasive glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1277-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naze G Avci
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Julia Popp
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John E Morales
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhihua Chen
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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32
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Ozawa A, Sato Y, Imabayashi T, Uemura T, Takagi J, Sekiguchi K. Molecular Basis of the Ligand Binding Specificity of αvβ8 Integrin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11551-65. [PMID: 27033701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
αvβ8 is an integrin that recognizes an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and interacts with fibronectin, vitronectin, and latent TGF-β1. We comprehensively determined the binding activity of the αvβ8 integrin toward 25 secreted proteins having an RGD motif. The αvβ8 integrin strongly bound to latent TGF-β1 but showed marginal activity for other RGD-containing proteins, including fibronectin and vitronectin. Site-directed mutagenesis of latent TGF-β1 demonstrated that the high affinity binding of αvβ8 integrin to latent TGF-β1 was defined by Leu-218 immediately following the RGD motif within the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1. Consistent with the critical role of Leu-218 in latent TGF-β1 recognition by αvβ8 integrin, a 9-mer synthetic peptide containing an RGDL sequence strongly inhibited interactions of latent TGF-β1 with αvβ8 integrin, whereas a 9-mer peptide with an RGDA sequence was ∼60-fold less inhibitory. Because αvβ3 integrin did not exhibit strong binding to latent TGF-β1 or distinguish between RGDL- and RGDA-containing peptides, we explored the mechanism by which the integrin β8 subunit defines the high affinity binding of latent TGF-β1 by αvβ8 integrin. Production of a series of swap mutants of integrin β8 and β3 subunits indicated that the high affinity binding of αvβ8 integrin with latent TGF-β1 was ensured by interactions between the Leu-218 residue and the β8 I-like domain, with the former serving as an auxiliary recognition residue defining the restricted ligand specificity of αvβ8 integrin toward latent TGF-β1. In support of this conclusion, high affinity binding toward the αvβ8 integrin was conferred on fibronectin by substitution of its RGDS motif with an RGDL sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Ozawa
- From the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Sato
- From the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Imabayashi
- From the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Uemura
- From the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- From the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- From the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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33
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Mertens-Walker I, Fernandini BC, Maharaj MSN, Rockstroh A, Nelson CC, Herington AC, Stephenson SA. The tumour-promoting receptor tyrosine kinase, EphB4, regulates expression of integrin-β8 in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:164. [PMID: 25886373 PMCID: PMC4389669 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in many cancers including prostate cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which this ephrin receptor influences cancer progression are complex as there are tumor-promoting ligand-independent mechanisms in place as well as ligand-dependent tumor suppressive pathways. Methods We employed transient knockdown of EPHB4 in prostate cancer cells, coupled with gene microarray analysis, to identify genes that were regulated by EPHB4 and may represent linked tumor-promoting factors. We validated target genes using qRT-PCR and employed functional assays to determine their role in prostate cancer migration and invasion. Results We discovered that over 500 genes were deregulated upon EPHB4 siRNA knockdown, with integrin β8 (ITGB8) being the top hit (29-fold down-regulated compared to negative non-silencing siRNA). Gene ontology analysis found that the process of cell adhesion was highly deregulated and two other integrin genes, ITGA3 and ITGA10, were also differentially expressed. In parallel, we also discovered that over-expression of EPHB4 led to a concomitant increase in ITGB8 expression. In silico analysis of a prostate cancer progression microarray publically available in the Oncomine database showed that both EPHB4 and ITGB8 are highly expressed in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, the precursor to prostate cancer. Knockdown of ITGB8 in PC-3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells in vitro resulted in significant reduction of cell migration and invasion. Conclusions These results reveal that EphB4 regulates integrin β8 expression and that integrin β8 plays a hitherto unrecognized role in the motility of prostate cancer cells and thus targeting integrin β8 may be a new treatment strategy for prostate cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1164-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Mertens-Walker
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Bruno C Fernandini
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Mohanan S N Maharaj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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Minagawa S, Lou J, Seed RI, Cormier A, Wu S, Cheng Y, Murray L, Tsui P, Connor J, Herbst R, Govaerts C, Barker T, Cambier S, Yanagisawa H, Goodsell A, Hashimoto M, Brand OJ, Cheng R, Ma R, McKnelly KJ, Wen W, Hill A, Jablons D, Wolters P, Kitamura H, Araya J, Barczak AJ, Erle DJ, Reichardt LF, Marks JD, Baron JL, Nishimura SL. Selective targeting of TGF-β activation to treat fibroinflammatory airway disease. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:241ra79. [PMID: 24944194 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling, caused by inflammation and fibrosis, is a major component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and currently has no effective treatment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in COPD. TGF-β is expressed in a latent form that requires activation. The integrin αvβ8 (encoded by the itgb8 gene) is a receptor for latent TGF-β and is essential for its activation. Expression of integrin αvβ8 is increased in airway fibroblasts in COPD and thus is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of airway remodeling in COPD. We demonstrate that an engineered optimized antibody to human αvβ8 (B5) inhibited TGF-β activation in transgenic mice expressing only human and not mouse ITGB8. The B5 engineered antibody blocked fibroinflammatory responses induced by tobacco smoke, cytokines, and allergens by inhibiting TGF-β activation. To clarify the mechanism of action of B5, we used hydrodynamic, mutational, and electron microscopic methods to demonstrate that αvβ8 predominantly adopts a constitutively active, extended-closed headpiece conformation. Epitope mapping and functional characterization of B5 revealed an allosteric mechanism of action due to locking-in of a low-affinity αvβ8 conformation. Collectively, these data demonstrate a new model for integrin function and present a strategy to selectively target the TGF-β pathway to treat fibroinflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Minagawa
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jianlong Lou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Robert I Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Anthony Cormier
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Shenping Wu
- The Keck Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- The Keck Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Lynne Murray
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA. Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ping Tsui
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jane Connor
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Cedric Govaerts
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Tyren Barker
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Stephanie Cambier
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Haruhiko Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Amanda Goodsell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Royce Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Kate J McKnelly
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Weihua Wen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Arthur Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David Jablons
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Paul Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jun Araya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105 8461, Japan
| | - Andrea J Barczak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Louis F Reichardt
- Genetics, Development, and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - James D Marks
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jody L Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Stephen L Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST and β8 integrin regulate spatiotemporal patterns of RhoGDI1 activation in migrating cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1401-13. [PMID: 25666508 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00112-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional cell motility is essential for normal development and physiology, although how motile cells spatiotemporally activate signaling events remains largely unknown. Here, we have characterized an adhesion and signaling unit comprised of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST and the extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion receptor β8 integrin that plays essential roles in directional cell motility. β8 integrin and PTP-PEST form protein complexes at the leading edge of migrating cells and balance patterns of Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling by controlling the subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1). Translocation of Src-phosphorylated RhoGDI1 to the cell's leading edge promotes local activation of Rac1 and Cdc42, whereas dephosphorylation of RhoGDI1 by integrin-bound PTP-PEST promotes RhoGDI1 release from the membrane and sequestration of inactive Rac1/Cdc42 in the cytoplasm. Collectively, these data reveal a finely tuned regulatory mechanism for controlling signaling events at the leading edge of directionally migrating cells.
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Gianni T, Salvioli S, Chesnokova LS, Hutt-Fletcher LM, Campadelli-Fiume G. αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrins serve as interchangeable receptors for HSV gH/gL to promote endocytosis and activation of membrane fusion. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003806. [PMID: 24367260 PMCID: PMC3868510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) - and herpesviruses in general - encode for a multipartite entry/fusion apparatus. In HSV it consists of the HSV-specific glycoprotein D (gD), and three additional glycoproteins, gH/gL and gB, conserved across the Herpesviridae family and responsible for the execution of fusion. According to the current model, upon receptor binding, gD propagates the activation to gH/gL and to gB in a cascade fashion. Questions remain about how the cascade of activation is controlled and how it is synchronized with virion endocytosis, to avoid premature activation and exhaustion of the glycoproteins. We considered the possibility that such control might be carried out by as yet unknown receptors. Indeed, receptors for HSV gB, but not for gH/gL, have been described. In other members of the Herpesviridae family, such as Epstein-Barr virus, integrin receptors bind gH/gL and trigger conformational changes in the glycoproteins. We report that αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrins serve as receptors for HSV entry into experimental models of keratinocytes and other epithelial and neuronal cells. Evidence rests on loss of function experiments, in which integrins were blocked by antibodies or silenced, and gain of function experiments in which αvβ6-integrin was expressed in integrin-negative cells. αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrins acted independently and are thus interchangeable. Both bind gH/gL with high affinity. The interaction profoundly affects the route of HSV entry and directs the virus to acidic endosomes. In the case of αvβ8, but not αvβ6-integrin, the portal of entry is located at lipid microdomains and requires dynamin 2. Thus, a major role of αvβ6- or αvβ8-integrin in HSV infection appears to be to function as gH/gL receptors and to promote virus endocytosis. We propose that placing the gH/gL activation under the integrin trigger point enables HSV to synchronize virion endocytosis with the cascade of glycoprotein activation that culminates in execution of fusion. In order to infect their hosts and cause disease, viruses must enter their host cells. The human pathogen herpes simplex virus (HSV) - and herpesviruses in general - are equipped with a complex, multipartite entry apparatus, made of four glycoproteins – gD, gH/gL, gB. These glycoproteins must be activated in a timely, coordinated manner. According to the current model, the flux of activation goes from receptor-bound gD, to gH/gL and gB. The premature activation, and hence exhaustion of the glycoproteins must also be prevented. We report on a checkpoint at the gH/gL level. Specifically, αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrins serve as receptors for HSV entry into keratinocytes and other epithelial and neuronal cells. Both bind gH/gL with high affinity. The interaction profoundly affects the pathway of HSV entry, promoting HSV endocytosis into acidic endosomes. For αvβ8-integrin, the portal of entry is at lipid microdomains and requires dynamin 2. We propose that, by placing the activation of gH/gL under control of an integrin trigger point, HSV can synchronize virion endocytosis with the cascade of activation that culminates in the execution of fusion between the virion envelope and cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Gianni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Liudmila S. Chesnokova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lindsey M. Hutt-Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Giusti B, Margheri F, Rossi L, Lapini I, Magi A, Serratì S, Chillà A, Laurenzana A, Magnelli L, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Fibbi G, Abbate R, Rosso MD. Desmoglein-2-integrin Beta-8 interaction regulates actin assembly in endothelial cells: deregulation in systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68117. [PMID: 23874518 PMCID: PMC3708925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inability of endothelial cells of patients affected by the diffuse form of Systemic sclerosis (SSc) to perform angiogenesis is a marker of the disease. We previously demonstrated that desmoglein-2 reduction is a major difference between (SSc)-microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and normal (N)-MVECs. Here we investigated the role of desmoglein-2 in human N-MVECs and SSc-MVECs angiogenesis. Methodology/principal findings Angiogenesis was studied by Matrigel invasion, capillary morphogenesis in vitro and Matrigel plug assay in vivo. Gene profiling was studied by Affymetrix technology and signal transduction by Western blotting. Colocalization was validated by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. SiRNAs were used to validate the roles of specific molecules. We observed that desmoglein-2 co-localizes with integrin-beta8 in N-MVECs. This complex is required to signal through Rac, FAK, SMAD1/5 and MAP-kinases, promoting an angiogenic program. Inhibition of desmoglein-2 by DSG2-siRNA impaired actin stress fibres formation, capillary morphogenesis in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Transcriptome profiling after DSG2 inhibition revealed alterations of several genes involved in actin organization. siRNA inhibition of integrin-beta8 and RAC2 also resulted into capillary morphogenesis impairment in N-MVECs, due to reduced expression of the same actin-assembly genes that were down-regulated by DSG2 silencing. SSc-MVECs showed down-regulation of the same genes in DSG2-siRNA treated N-MVECs, suggesting that impairment of desmoglein-2/integrin-beta8 complex contributes to angiogenesis derangement in SSc. Transfection of DSG2 in SSc-MVEC partially restored their angiogenic properties in vitro. Conclusions/significance We have shown that impairment of actin assembly as a result of desmoglein-2/integrin-beta8 complex formation is a major factor contributing to angiogenesis deregulation in Systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lapini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- National Cancer Research Centre “Giovanni Paolo II,” Department of Clinical and Neoplastic Experimental Oncology, Haematology Unit, Advanced Cellular Therapy Centre, Bari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (MDR); GF
| | - Rosanna Abbate
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (MDR); GF
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38
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RGD-Binding Integrins in Prostate Cancer: Expression Patterns and Therapeutic Prospects against Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:1106-45. [PMID: 24213501 PMCID: PMC3712721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of male cancer deaths in the developed world. The current lack of highly specific detection methods and efficient therapeutic agents for advanced disease have been identified as problems requiring further research. The integrins play a vital role in the cross-talk between the cell and extracellular matrix, enhancing the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Progression and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with changes in integrin expression, notably abnormal expression and activation of the β3 integrins in tumour cells, which promotes haematogenous spread and tumour growth in bone. As such, influencing integrin cell expression and function using targeted therapeutics represents a potential treatment for bone metastasis, the most common and debilitating complication of advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we highlight the multiple ways in which RGD-binding integrins contribute to prostate cancer progression and metastasis, and identify the rationale for development of multi-integrin antagonists targeting the RGD-binding subfamily as molecularly targeted agents for its treatment.
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39
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Goodman SL, Grote HJ, Wilm C. Matched rabbit monoclonal antibodies against αv-series integrins reveal a novel αvβ3-LIBS epitope, and permit routine staining of archival paraffin samples of human tumors. Biol Open 2012; 1:329-40. [PMID: 23213423 PMCID: PMC3509452 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between integrin expression and function in pathologies is often contentious as comparisons between human pathological expression and expression in cell lines is difficult. In addition, the expression of even integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 in tumor cell lines is not comprehensively documented. Here, we describe rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RabMabs) against the extracellular domains of αv integrins that react with both native integrins and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) human tissues. These RabMabs, against αvβ3 (EM22703), αvβ5 (EM09902), αvβ6 (EM05201), αvβ8 (EM13309), and pan-αv (EM01309), recognize individual integrin chains in Western blots and in flow cytometry. EM22703 detected a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS), reporting an epitope enhanced by the binding of an RGD-peptide to αvβ3. αvβ8 was rarely expressed in human tumor specimens, and weakly expressed in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, ovarian carcinoma cell lines expressed αvβ8, as did some melanoma cells, whereas U87MG glioma lacked αvβ8 expression. We observed an unexpected strong expression of αvβ6 in tumor samples of invasive ductal breast adenoma, colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and NSCLC. αvβ3 was strongly expressed in some invasive NSCLC cohorts. Interestingly, PC3 prostate cell and human prostate tumors did not express αvβ3. The RabMabs stained plasma membranes in FFPE-immunohistochemistry (IHC) samples of tumor cell lines from lung, ovary, colon, prostate, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN), breast, and pancreas carcinomas. The RabMabs are unique tools for probing αv integrin biology, and suggest that especially αvβ6 and αvβ8 biologies still have much to reveal.
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40
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Markovics JA, Araya J, Cambier S, Somanath S, Gline S, Jablons D, Hill A, Wolters PJ, Nishimura SL. Interleukin-1beta induces increased transcriptional activation of the transforming growth factor-beta-activating integrin subunit beta8 through altering chromatin architecture. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36864-74. [PMID: 21878622 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.276790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ8 is a cell surface receptor for the latent domain (LAP) of the multifunctional cytokine TGF-β. Through its association with LAP, TGF-β is maintained in a latent form that must be activated to function. Binding to the integrin αvβ8 with subsequent metalloproteolytic cleavage of LAP represents a major mechanism of TGF-β activation in vivo. Altered expression of the integrin β8 subunit (ITGB8) is found in human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, and brain vascular malformations. We have previously shown that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increases ITGB8 expression on lung fibroblasts, which increases αvβ8-mediated TGF-β activation in fibrosis and pathologic inflammation. Here we report the mechanism of increased ITGB8 expression by IL-1β. Our data support a model where the chromatin architecture of the ITGB8 core promoter is altered by nucleosomal repositioning that enhances the interaction of an AP1 complex (containing c-Jun and ATF2). This repositioning is caused by the dissociation of HDAC2 with the ITGB8 core promoter, leading to increased histone H4 acetylation and a loosening of nucleosomal-DNA interactions allowing "opening" of the chromatin structure and increased association of c-Jun and ATF-2. These changes are mediated through NFκB- and p38-dependent pathways. Ultimately, these events culminate in increasing ITGB8 transcription, αvβ8 surface expression, and αvβ8-mediated TGFβ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Markovics
- Department Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
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41
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Khan S, Lakhe-Reddy S, McCarty JH, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N, Reichardt LF, Kim JH, Wang B, Sedor JR, Schelling JR. Mesangial cell integrin αvβ8 provides glomerular endothelial cell cytoprotection by sequestering TGF-β and regulating PECAM-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:609-20. [PMID: 21281793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric receptors that regulate cell adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Integrin αvβ8 is most abundantly expressed in kidney and brain, and its major ligand is latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Kidney αvβ8 localizes to mesangial cells, which appose glomerular endothelial cells and maintain glomerular capillary structure by mechanical and poorly understood paracrine mechanisms. To establish kidney αvβ8 function, mice with homozygous Itgb8 deletion (Itgb8(-/-)) were generated on outbred and C57BL/6 congenic backgrounds. Most Itgb8(-/-) mice died in utero, and surviving Itgb8(-/-) mice failed to gain weight, and rarely survived beyond 6 weeks. A renal glomerular phenotype included azotemia and albuminuria, as well as increased platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) expression, which was surprisingly not associated with conventional functions, such as endothelial cell hyperplasia, hypertrophy, or perivascular inflammation. Itgb8(-/-) mesangial cells demonstrated reduced latent TGF-β binding, resulting in bioactive TGF-β release, which stimulated glomerular endothelial cell apoptosis. Using PECAM-1 gain and loss of function strategies, we show that PECAM-1 provides endothelial cytoprotection against mesangial cell TGF-β. These results clarify a singular mechanism of mesangial-to-endothelial cell cross-talk, whereby mesangial cell αvβ8 homeostatically arbitrates glomerular microvascular integrity by sequestering TGF-β in its latent conformation. Under pathological conditions associated with decreased mesangial cell αvβ8 expression and TGF-β secretion, compensatory PECAM-1 modulation facilitates glomerular endothelial cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenaz Khan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Rammelkamp Center for Research and Education, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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42
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Pozzi A, Zent R. TGF-β sequestration by mesangial cell integrin αvβ8: A novel mechanism of glomerular endothelial cell regulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:485-9. [PMID: 21281780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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43
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Yubero N, Jiménez-Marín A, Barbancho M, Garrido JJ. Two cDNAs coding for the porcine CD51 (αv) integrin subunit: cloning, expression analysis, adhesion assays and chromosomal localization. Gene 2011; 481:29-40. [PMID: 21549183 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD51 (α(v)) is an integrin chain that associates with multiple β integrin chains to form different receptor complexes that mediate important human processes. Pigs show substantial physiological, immunological and anatomical similarities to humans, and are therefore a good model system to study immunological and pathological processes. Here we report the cloning and characterization of two cDNAs produced by alternative splicing that encode two different porcine CD51 proteins that differ in five amino acid residues. Pig CD51 cDNAs encode polypeptides of 1046 or 1041 amino acid residues, respectively, that share with other mammalian homologous proteins a high percentage amino acid identity and the functional domains. Expression analysis of CD51 was carried out at two different levels. RT-PCR analysis revealed that both CD51 transcripts were expressed ubiquitously but heterogeneously, with the exception of some platelets in which only the smallest CD51 transcript was detected. A specific monoclonal antibody against a pig CD51 recombinant protein was made and used in the immunohistochemical localization of CD51 proteins. It showed that CD51 was mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells of myeloid linage, epithelial and endothelial cells, osteoclasts, nervous fibers and smooth muscle. Adhesion assays showed that in the presence of Mn(++) pig α(v)-CHO-B2 transfected cells increased their attachment to fibronectin and vitonectin, but not to fibrinogen. Finally, we localized the CD51 gene on the porcine chromosome 15 (SSC15), q23-q26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Yubero
- Unidad de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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44
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Integrin sub-unit expression in cell cultures used for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 140:259-65. [PMID: 21329991 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to propagate foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) plays an important role in laboratory diagnosis and the production of vaccines to control the spread of the disease. Many established cell lines suffer from poor sensitivity for isolating virus from field samples. One possible factor that limits sensitivity to FMDV is the lack of expression of surface integrins, the primary class of cell receptor used by FMDV to initiate infection. In this study we have sequenced cDNAs encoding these molecules for pigs and subsequently developed quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays to quantify underlying mRNA transcription of integrin molecules. These novel assays were used together with flow-cytometry to determine cell surface expression and of 4 different cell culture systems. These studies have identified a clear correlation of sensitivity to FMDV with expression of integrins αVβ6 and αVβ8. In contrast, cell surface expression of αVβ3 or mRNA for the β1, β3 or β5 subunits did not appear to contribute to sensitivity of cells to FMDV. These findings confirm the requirement for αV6 and αVβ8 as receptors for isolating FMDV from clinical samples and provide important tools and information for the rational design of recombinant cell lines containing these ligands for improved FMDV diagnosis and vaccine production.
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Desiderio UV, Zhu X, Evans JP. ADAM2 interactions with mouse eggs and cell lines expressing α4/α9 (ITGA4/ITGA9) integrins: implications for integrin-based adhesion and fertilization. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13744. [PMID: 21060781 PMCID: PMC2966413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules, with 18 α (ITGA) and eight β (ITGB) subunits forming 24 heterodimers classified into five families. Certain integrins, especially the α(4)/α(9) (ITGA4/ITGA9) family, interact with members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family. ADAM2 is among the better characterized and also of interest because of its role in sperm function. Having shown that ITGA9 on mouse eggs participates in mouse sperm-egg interactions, we sought to characterize ITGA4/ITGA9-ADAM2 interactions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An anti-β(1)/ITGB1 function-blocking antibody that reduces sperm-egg binding significantly inhibited ADAM2 binding to mouse eggs. Analysis of integrin subunit expression indicates that mouse eggs could express at least ten different integrins, five in the RGD-binding family, two in the laminin-binding family, two in the collagen-binding family, and ITGA9-ITGB1. Adhesion assays to characterize ADAM2 interactions with ITGA4/ITGA9 family members produced the surprising result that RPMI 8866 cell adhesion to ADAM2 was inhibited by an anti-ITGA9 antibody, noteworthy because ITGA9 has only been reported to dimerize with ITGB1, and RPMI 8866 cells lack detectable ITGB1. Antibody and siRNA studies demonstrate that ITGB7 is the β subunit contributing to RPMI 8866 adhesion to ADAM2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data indicate that a novel integrin α-β combination, ITGA9-ITGB7 (α(9)β(7)), in RPMI 8866 cells functions as a binding partner for ADAM2. ITGA9 had previously only been reported to dimerize with ITGB1. Although ITGA9-ITGB7 is unlikely to be a widely expressed integrin and appears to be the result of "compensatory dimerization" occurring in the context of little/no ITGB1 expression, the data indicate that ITGA9-ITGB7 functions as an ADAM binding partner in certain cellular contexts, with implications for mammalian fertilization and integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana V. Desiderio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janice P. Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Zhang C, Wei D, Luo Z, Liu Y, Liao T, Zhang C. Synthetic Peptide Coupled to KLH Elicits Antibodies Against β8 Integrin. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010; 29:361-6. [PMID: 20715996 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dapeng Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijuan Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongjie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hsiao JR, Chang Y, Chen YL, Hsieh SH, Hsu KF, Wang CF, Tsai ST, Jin YT. Cyclic alphavbeta6-targeting peptide selected from biopanning with clinical potential for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 32:160-72. [PMID: 19572290 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cyclic peptide-displaying phage library was used for biopanning on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells to identify cancer-targeting peptides. This study was designed to characterize the receptor specificity of a candidate phage clone/peptide (phage/peptide-29) and to explore the clinical potential of this peptide. METHODS Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, phage binding assay, and immunohistochemical studies were used to demonstrate the receptor specificity of phage/peptide-29. The effect of peptide-29 on the proliferation of OSCC cells was studied using 3-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. RESULTS Phage/peptide-29 preferentially binds integrin alphavbeta6 rather than other alphav-associated integrins. Peptide-29 significantly inhibits the proliferation of OSCC cells in 3D cell cultures. On human pathological sections, phage-29 targets oral cancer cells in a alphavbeta6-dependent manner. Besides, we showed that integrin alphavbeta6 is universally (94.7%, 36/38) expressed in all major kinds of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). CONCLUSIONS Peptide-29 selected from biopanning may have clinical potential for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Nishimura SL. Integrin-mediated transforming growth factor-beta activation, a potential therapeutic target in fibrogenic disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1362-70. [PMID: 19729474 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A subset of integrins function as cell surface receptors for the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TGF-beta is expressed in an inactive or latent form, and activation of TGF-beta is a major mechanism that regulates TGF-beta function. Indeed, important TGF-beta activation mechanisms involve several of the TGF-beta binding integrins. Knockout mice suggest essential roles for integrin-mediated TGF-beta activation in vessel and craniofacial morphogenesis during development and in immune homeostasis and the fibrotic wound healing response in the adult. Amplification of integrin-mediated TGF-beta activation in fibrotic disorders and data from preclinical models suggest that integrins may therefore represent novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Nishimura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Differential Gene Expression of Integrins Alpha 2 and Beta 8 in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exposed to Fluid Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-009-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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McCarty JH. Integrin-mediated regulation of neurovascular development, physiology and disease. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:211-5. [PMID: 19372738 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.2.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of billions of neurons and glia that are intertwined with an elaborate network of blood vessels. These various neural and vascular cell types actively converse with one another to form integrated, multifunctional complexes, termed neurovascular units. Cell-cell communication within neurovascular units promotes normal CNS development and homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of these events leads to a variety of debilitating CNS diseases. This review will summarize (1) cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate physiological assembly and maintenance of neurovascular units; and (2) signaling events that induce pathological alterations in neurovascular unit formation and function. An emphasis will be placed on neural-vascular cell adhesion events mediated by integrins and their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. I will highlight the role of a specific adhesion and signaling axis involving alphavbeta8 integrin, latent transforming growth factor beta's (TGFbeta's), and canonical TGFbeta receptors. Possible functional links between components of this axis and other signal transduction cascades implicated in neurovascular development and disease will be discussed. Comprehensively understanding the pathways that regulate bidirectional neural-vascular cell contact and communication will provide new insights into the mechanisms of neurovascular unit development, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H McCarty
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
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