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Martinho MGD, Rocha AR, Dos Santos NR, de Jesus VSP, Gomes Júnior EA, Menezes-Filho JA. Aflatoxins in maize flour produced in Mozambique and its risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:171-179. [PMID: 38515402 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2331630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in maize flour produced in Mozambique and to assess the associated carcinogenic risk. At different opportunities, 30 samples of maize flour were collected in five flour processing factories. These were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. AFB1 concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 0.33 μg kg-1. The levels of total aflatoxins ranged from 0.55 to 1.05 μg kg-1, with a mean of 0.89 μg kg-1, for which maximum limits (MLs) are 10 and 4 μg kg-1 for Mozambique and the European Union, respectively. The calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) for men and women was 243 and 231, respectively, so several folds below the risk cut-off level, indicating that consumption of such maize flour poses a potential risk of hepatocarcinoma related to aflatoxin exposure due to high intake of this food, a staple diet in most African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Rebouças Rocha
- Engineering, Center for Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of the Bahia's Recôncavo, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Engineering, Center for Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of the Bahia's Recôncavo, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Antonio Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Slavador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Federal University of Bahia, Slavador, Brazil
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2
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Opuni KF, Kretchy JP, Agyabeng K, Boadu JA, Adanu T, Ankamah S, Appiah A, Amoah GB, Baidoo M, Kretchy IA. Contamination of herbal medicinal products in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19370. [PMID: 37674839 PMCID: PMC10477504 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) has grown significantly across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Consequently, the safety of these products due to contamination is a significant public health concern. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and levels of contaminants in HMPs from LMICs. A search was performed in seven online databases, i.e., Africa journal online (AJOL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI), World Health Organization Global Index Medicus (WHO GIM), Scopus, and PubMed using appropriate search queries and reported as per the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines. Ninety-one peer-reviewed articles published from 1982 to 2021 from 28 different countries across four continents were included in the study. Although metals, microbial, mycotoxins, pesticides, and residual solvents were the reported contaminants in the 91 articles, metals (56.0%, 51/91), microbial (27.5%, 25/91), and mycotoxins (18.7%, 17/91) were the most predominant. About 16.4% (1236/7518) of the samples had their contaminant levels above the regulatory limits. Samples tested for microbial contaminants had the highest proportion (46.4%, 482/1039) of contaminants exceeding the regulatory limit, followed by mycotoxins (25.8%, 109/423) and metals (14.3%, 591/4128). The proportion of samples that had their average non-essential metal contaminant levels above the regulatory limit was (57.6%, 377/655), 18.3% (88/480), 10.7% (24/225), and 11.3% (29/257) for Pb, Cd, Hg, and As, respectively. The commonest bacteria species found were Escherichia coli (52.3%, 10/19) and Salmonella species (42.1%, 8/19). This review reported that almost 90% of Candida albicans and more than 80% of moulds exceeded the required regulatory limits. HMP consumption poses profound health implications to consumers and patients. Therefore, designing and/or implementing policies that effectively regulate HMPs to minimize the health hazards related to their consumption while improving the quality of life of persons living in LMICs are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwabena F.M. Opuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - James-Paul Kretchy
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, P. O. Box 2305, Miotso, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kofi Agyabeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph A. Boadu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Theodosia Adanu
- Balme Library, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG24, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ankamah
- Balme Library, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG24, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alexander Appiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Geralda B. Amoah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mariam Baidoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Jaćević V, Dumanović J, Alomar SY, Resanović R, Milovanović Z, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Franca TCC, Wu W, Kuča K. Research update on aflatoxins toxicity, metabolism, distribution, and detection: A concise overview. Toxicology 2023; 492:153549. [PMID: 37209941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Serious health risks associated with the consumption of food products contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) are worldwide recognized and depend predominantly on consumed AF concentration by diet. A low concentration of aflatoxins in cereals and related food commodities is unavoidable, especially in subtropic and tropic regions. Accordingly, risk assessment guidelines established by regulatory bodies in different countries help in the prevention of aflatoxin intoxication and the protection of public health. By assessing the maximal levels of aflatoxins in food products which are a potential risk to human health, it's possible to establish appropriate risk management strategies. Regarding, a few factors are crucial for making a rational risk management decision, such as toxicological profile, adequate information concerning the exposure duration, availability of routine and some novel analytical techniques, socioeconomic factors, food intake patterns, and maximal allowed levels of each aflatoxin in different food products which may be varied between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jelena Dumanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radmila Resanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milovanović
- Special Police Unit, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11 030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, 434023 Jingzhou, Hubei, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos Celmar Costa Franca
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Du X, Schrunk DE, Imerman PM, Tahara J, Tkachenko A, Guag J, Reimschuessel R, Rumbeiha WK. Extensive Evaluation of a Method for Quantitative Measurement of Aflatoxins B1 and M1 in Animal Urine Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:645-651. [PMID: 36912688 PMCID: PMC10156413 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins (AFs) are common feed contaminants and are one of the common causes of toxin-related pet food poisoning and recalls. OBJECTIVE Currently, there are no validated methods for the detection and quantitation of AFs in biological matrices to diagnose AF exposure in live animals. Following a successful intra-laboratory method development to quantify AFB1 and AFM1 in animal urine by HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), the present study was conducted to extensively evaluate the method performance in an unbiased manner using blinded samples. METHODS The evaluation included two stages. First, the performance was verified in the method-originating laboratory in a single-laboratory blinded method test (BMT-S) trial followed by a multi-laboratory blinded method test (BMT-M) trial. RESULTS In both trials, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility were satisfactory confirming the relatively good ruggedness and robustness of the method and ensuring that it will perform as expected if used by other laboratories in the future. CONCLUSIONS We extensively evaluated the performance of a quantitative method to detect AFB1 and AFM1 in animal urine by HPLC-FLD by two different laboratories in two separate BMT-S and BMT-M trials. Both BMT results demonstrated the satisfactory accuracy and precision of the method. It is now available to be adopted by other diagnostic laboratories for purposes of diagnosing AF intoxication in animals. HIGHLIGHTS A simple urine-based diagnostic test method using HPLC-FLD that originated in a single laboratory now has passed a multi-laboratory evaluation and is now available to be shared with other diagnostic laboratories for purposes of diagnosing AF intoxication in animals so better treatment can be rendered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Du
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, 901 East Campus Loop, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dwayne E Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Paula M Imerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - John Tahara
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Toxicology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andriy Tkachenko
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Jake Guag
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Renate Reimschuessel
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Chen DN, Wang GQ, Mei LP, Feng JJ, Wang AJ. Dual II-scheme nanosheet-like Bi 2S 3/Bi 2O 3/Ag 2S heterostructures for ultrasensitive PEC aptasensing of aflatoxin B1 coupled with catalytic signal amplification by dendritic nanorod-like Au@Pd@Pt nanozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115038. [PMID: 36587445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most toxic chemical substances, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has a strong carcinogenic effect even at a trace level in human and animal, which severely threatens human health and even causes cancers. Therefore, ultrasensitive detection of AFB1 is of significant importance. For such analysis, dual II-scheme sheet-like Bi2S3/Bi2O3/Ag2S heterostructures were prepared by the in-situ growth method, which exhibited high separation efficiency for the electron-hole (e--h+) pairs, prominent stability, and high photoactivity. Moreover, the dendritic nanorod-like Au@Pd@Pt (Au@Pd@Pt DNRs) nanozyme was homely synthesized, whose peroxidase-like activity was scrupulously investigated by catalytical oxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence of H2O2. Integration by the aptasensing strategy, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) "signal-on" aptasensor was prepared, which exhibited a broader linear range of 0.5 pg mL-1-100 ng mL-1 with a lower limit of detection (LOD = 0.09 pg mL-1, S/N = 3). This work provides a feasible strategy to develop advanced PEC biosensors for actual analysis of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Gui-Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Li-Ping Mei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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6
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Kumar V, Bahuguna A, Lee JS, Sood A, Han SS, Chun HS, Kim M. Degradation mechanism of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin G1 by salt tolerant Bacillus albus YUN5 isolated from 'doenjang', a traditional Korean food. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112479. [PMID: 36869492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the mycotoxins that contaminate food and feed and pose health hazards to humans and animals. Here, Bacillus albusYUN5 was isolated from doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste) and examined for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) degradation capabilities. The highest degradation of AFB1 (76.28 ± 0.15%) and AFG1 (98.98 ± 0.00%) was observed in the cell-free supernatant (CFS) ofB. albusYUN5, whereas negligible degradation was observed in intracellular fraction, viable cells, and cell debris. Furthermore, heat (100 °C) and proteinase K treated CFS possessed AFB1 and AFG1 degradation ability, suggesting that substances other than proteins or enzymes are responsible for the degradation. Optimal degradation of AFB1 and AFG1 by the CFS was achieved at 55 °C and 45 °C, respectively, and at pH 7-10 and salt concentration of 0-20%. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the degraded products revealed that either the difuran or lactone ring of AFB1 and lactone ring of AFG1 is the main target site by CFS of B. albus YUN5. A slightly better reduction of AFB1 and AFG1 was observed in doenjang treated with CFS and viable cells of B. albus YUN5 compared to those without CFS and B. albus YUN5 treated doenjang during one year of fermentation, suggesting the applicability of B. albus in real food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Division of Food Science and Nutrition and Cooking, Taegu Science University, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
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7
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García-Nicolás M, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Viñas P. Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction as a Novelty Sample Treatment for the Determination of the Main Aflatoxins in Paprika. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:160. [PMID: 36828474 PMCID: PMC9959555 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) technique is proposed as a new sensitive and effective sample treatment method for the determination of aflatoxins in paprika samples. DMSPE was followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-HRMS) using a non-targeted acquisition mode for the detection of main aflatoxins (aflatoxin G1, G2, B1 and B2) and derivatives. DMSPE was based on the use of magnetic nanocomposite coated with polypyrrole (PPy) polymer and the main experimental parameters influencing the extraction efficiency in adsorption and desorption steps have been studied and optimized. Analyses were performed using 250 µL magnetic PPy nanocomposite into the sample solution, adsorbing the analytes in 30 min and desorbing them with ethyl acetate (2 mL) in 15 min. The method has been validated, obtaining quantification limits between 3.5 and 4.7 µg kg-1 and recoveries between 89.5-97.7%. The high recovery rate, wide detection range and the use for the first time of the reusable Fe3O4@PPy nanomaterial in suspension for solid food matrices, guarantee the usefulness of the method developed for adequate control of aflatoxins levels in paprika. The proposed methodology was applied for the analysis of 31 samples (conventional and organic) revealing the absence of aflatoxins in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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8
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Zahija I, Jeršek B, Demšar L, Polak ML, Polak T. Production of Aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus parasiticus Grown on a Novel Meat-Based Media. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:25. [PMID: 36668845 PMCID: PMC9866511 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop meat-based media with compositions similar to those of dry-fermented meat products and to evaluate their use in studying the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and the kinetics of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production. In our previous experiments, we found that the strain A. parasiticus ŽMJ7 produced a high amount of AFB1. Cooked meat agar (CMA2) was used as a novel complex meat-based medium with four variations: CMA2G (CMA2 supplemented with 1% glucose), CMA2YE (CMA2 supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract), and CMA2GYE (CMA2 supplemented with 1% glucose and 0.2% yeast extract). Media were inoculated with an A. parasiticus spore suspension (105 spores/mL) and incubated at 25 °C for up to 15 days. The A. parasiticus lag phase lasted less than 1 day, irrespective of the growth medium, with the exception of control medium CMA1 (cooked meat agar) as an already known meat-based medium. The highest mean colony growth rate was observed on CMA2 and CMA2G. Reversed-phase UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the AFB1 concentration in combination with solid phase extraction (SPE). The highest AFB1 concentration in meat-based media was detected in CMA2GYE after 15 days of incubation (13,502 ± 2367 ng/mL media). The results showed that for studying AFB1 production in dry-fermented meat products, novel suitable media such as CMA2-based media are required. This finding could represent a potential concern with regard to the production of dry-fermented meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomaž Polak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Sarkar R, Shinde R, Dhanshetty M, Banerjee K. Multi-mycotoxin analysis method using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection in Indian medicinal herbs: Development and validation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463310. [PMID: 35853424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While medicinal plants are in high demand worldwide for their therapeutic properties, they can constitute a health concern to consumers when contaminated with mycotoxins. The unavailability of standardised methods for multiclass mycotoxin analysis to assess health risks has thus been realised. This study reports a simple, robust and precise method to estimate nine regulated mycotoxins in a range of Indian medicinal plant matrices including giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum), satavari (Asparagus racemosus) and tulsi (Ocimum sanctum). The sample preparation method involved extraction of homogenised matrices (12.5 g) using methanol:water (8:2, 100 mL) followed by cleanup through a multi-mycotoxin immunoaffinity column (IAC), which significantly reduced matrix interferences. The method was initially developed and validated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxin. Later, it was validated using LC-fluorescence (LC-FLD) for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone. The optimised sample preparation protocol and analytical method provided acceptable results. Compared to LC-FLD, it was possible to attain a lower limit of quantification (LOQ) with LC-MS/MS for all the tested analytes except aflatoxins. However, LOQs of both instruments were lower than the maximum limits (MLs), with recoveries ranging between 71 and 110% and precision (RSD) of ≤10% across matrices. Despite matrix-induced signal suppressions in LC-MS/MS analysis, the matrix-matched calibrations corrected all recoveries. Considering its accuracy, reliability, robustness and time-effectiveness, this method is recommended for regulatory testing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Sarkar
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat 387310, India; National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India
| | - Raviraj Shinde
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India
| | - Manisha Dhanshetty
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India.
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Curcumin functionalized TiO2 modified bentonite clay nanostructure for colorimetric Aflatoxin B1 detection in peanut and corn. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Bhardwaj H, Rajesh, Sumana G. Recent advances in nanomaterials integrated immunosensors for food toxin detection. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:12-33. [PMID: 35068548 PMCID: PMC8758883 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-04999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For the management and prevention of many chronic and acute diseases, the rapid quantification of toxicity in food and feed products have become a significant concern. Technology advancements in the area of biosensors, bioelectronics, miniaturization techniques, and microfluidics have shown a significant impact than conventional methods which have given a boost to improve the sensing performance towards food analyte detection. In this article, recent literature of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), worldwide permissible limits, major outbreaks and severe impact on healthy life have been discussed. An improvement achieved in detection range, limit of detection, shelf-life of the biosensor by integrated dimensional nanomaterials such as zero-dimension, one-dimension and two-dimension for AFB1 detection using electrical and optical transduction mechanism has been summarized. A critical overview of the latest trends using paper-based and micro-spotted array integrated with the anisotropic shape of nanomaterials, portable microfluidic devices have also been described together with future perspectives for further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Bhardwaj
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Rajesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Gajjala Sumana
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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12
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Ma X, Zhang J, Wang Z. Real-time monitoring of active caspase 3 during AFB1 induced apoptosis based on SERS-fluorescent dual mode signals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120195. [PMID: 34329847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin. Usually, the toxin activated apoptosis is considered mostly through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway while the caspase family as promoter and executor plays a crucial role. In this paper, a real-time and in situ detection of caspase 3 in living cells based on SERS-fluorescence dual mode nanosensor was studied. Firstly, gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) modified with the caspase 3 specifically recognized polypeptide chain DEVD were synthesized as both SERS enhanced substrate and fluorescent quencher. Rhodamine B (Rb) as both Raman and fluorescent signal molecules was modified on the N end of DEVD chain. After active caspase 3 specifically cut off the recognition site in DEVD, partial peptide chain with Rb fell off from the surface of AuNTs. Thus, the Raman signal of Rb decreased while its fluorescent signal recovered. There was a good linear relationship between caspase 3 and both the SERS and fluorescence signals of Rb. The minimum detection limit was 0.001 nM. After cells were stimulated by AFB1, when Cyt C in the cytoplasm reached a certain level, caspase 3 was activated. This nanosensor was realized in certain living cells (HepG2, HeLa and A549). Based on monitoring the activation of specific apoptotic markers, the conduction of marker signals in real time can provide more detailed information for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety And Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety And Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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13
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Köse K, Kehribar DY, Uzun L. Molecularly imprinted polymers in toxicology: a literature survey for the last 5 years. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35437-35471. [PMID: 34024002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The science of toxicology dates back almost to the beginning of human history. Toxic chemicals, which are encountered in different forms, are always among the chemicals that should be investigated in criminal field, environmental application, pharmaceutic, and even industry, where many researches have been carried out studies for years. Almost all of not only drugs but also industrial dyes have toxic side and direct effects. Environmental micropollutants accumulate in the tissues of all living things, especially plants, and show short- or long-term toxic symptoms. Chemicals in forensic science can be known by detecting the effect they cause to the body with the similar mechanism. It is clear that the best tracking tool among analysis methods is molecularly printed polymer-based analytical setups. Different polymeric combinations of molecularly imprinted polymers allow further study on detection or extraction using chromatographic and spectroscopic instruments. In particular, methods used in forensic medicine can detect trace amounts of poison or biological residues on the scene. Molecularly imprinted polymers are still in their infancy and have many variables that need to be developed. In this review, we summarized how molecular imprinted polymers and toxicology intersect and what has been done about molecular imprinted polymers in toxicology by looking at the studies conducted in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazım Köse
- Department of Joint Courses, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey.
| | - Demet Yalçın Kehribar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Kumar A, Dhanshetty M, Banerjee K. Development and Validation of a Method for Direct Analysis of Aflatoxins in Animal Feeds by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:940-945. [PMID: 33241328 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aflatoxin (AF) contamination is one of the major regulatory concerns for animal feed. As feed is a complex analytical matrix, validated methods on AFs in feed are scanty. The available methods involve a derivatization step before AF analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD). The aim of this study was thus to develop and validate a simple and rapid method for direct analysis of AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) in a range of animal feed matrices. METHODS Feed samples were extracted with 80% methanol, followed by dilution with water and immmunoaffinity column cleanup. AFs were estimated using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. Use of a large volume flow cell in FLD allowed direct analysis of all AFs with high sensitivity. The method was thoroughly validated in a range of feed matrices. RESULTS This sample preparation workflow minimized co-extractives, along with matrix interferences. In pigeon pea husk feed, the method provided a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.5 ng/g for each AF with recoveries of AF- B1, B2, G1, and G2 as 71.5, 75.6, 82.4, and 78.2%, respectively. The precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) was below 5%. A similar method performance was also recorded in other matrices, including wheat bran feed and poultry feed. CONCLUSIONS The optimized method is suitable for regulatory testing because it is simple, robust, cost-effective, and high throughput in nature, with high sensitivity and selectivity. HIGHLIGHTS Our workflow has provided a straightforward method for the analysis of AFs in a wide range of animal feed matrices with high sensitivity, selectivity, throughput, and cost-effectiveness. The method allowed a direct analysis of AFs by UHPLC-FLD without a step of derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
| | - Manisha Dhanshetty
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
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15
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Wang C, Zhang L, Luo J, Qin J, Jiang J, Qin L, Zhao Z, Yang S, Yang M. Development of a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for high-throughput detection and risk assessment of aflatoxin B 1 in animal-derived medicines. Toxicon 2021; 197:99-105. [PMID: 33865888 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal-derived medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Studies have shown that many animal-derived medicinal products are susceptible to contaminate of aflatoxins, nevertheless, the rapid detection for animal-derived medicine is prone to be ignored. Here we developed a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for rapid screening of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in ground beetle, cockroach, silkworm and earthworm. The sensitivity of the icELISA method was significantly enhanced. The IC50 for the four animal-derived medicinal samples ranged from 0.092 to 0.135 ng mL-1; the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.008-0.020 ng mL-1. To obtain high accuracy, the extraction solution and time were evaluated. By using this method, a total of 138 samples were investigated, and the detection rates of AFB1 in ground beetle and earthworm samples were 26.6% and 16.7%, respectively. The result was validated by liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry, and an excellent correlation was observed between the two datasets, with a R2 value of 0.999. Our results indicate that the proposed method can be used for the rapid detection of AFB1 in animal-derived medicine. Furthermore, the quantitative risk assessment was conducted for ground beetle and earthworm based on the results, demonstrating that the intake of AFB1 in ground beetle had a slight threat to the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhigao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Bagheri H, Abbaszadeh S, Sepandi M. Simultaneous effect of cold plasma and MAP on the quality properties of mixed nuts snack during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bagheri
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sepandi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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17
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Singh AK, Lakshmi GBVS, Dhiman TK, Kaushik A, Solanki PR. Bio-Active Free Direct Optical Sensing of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A Using a Manganese Oxide Nano-System. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.621681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins-B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin-A (OchA) are the two types of major mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus fungi, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium verrocusumv. These toxins are mainly found in metabolite cereals, corn, coffee beans, and other oil-containing food items. Excessive consumption of these toxins can be carcinogenic and lead to cancer. Thus, their rapid testing became essential for food quality control. Herein, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 nps) have been proposed to explore the interaction with AFB1 and OchA using UV-visible spectroscopy. MnO2 nps were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. They were pure and crystalline with an average crystallite size of 5–6 nm. In the UV-vis study, the maximum absorbance for MnO2 nps was observed around 260 nm. The maximum absorbance for AFB1 and OchA was observed at 365 and 380 nm, respectively, and its intensity enhanced with the addition of MnO2 nps. Sequential changes were observed with varying the concentration of AFB1 and OchA with a fixed concentration of MnO2 nps, resulting in proper interaction. The binding constant (kb) and Gibbs free energy for MnO2 nps-AFB1 and OchA were observed as 1.62 × 104 L g−1 and 2.67 × 104 L g−1, and −24.002 and −25.256 kJ/mol, respectively. The limit of detection for AFB1 and OchA was measured as 4.08 and 10.84 ng/ml, respectively. This bio‐active free direct sensing approach of AFB1 and OchA sensing can be promoted as a potential analytical tool to estimate food quality rapidly and affordable manner at the point of use.
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18
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Massarolo KC, Mendoza JR, Verma T, Kupski L, Badiale-Furlong E, Bianchini A. Fate of aflatoxins in cornmeal during single-screw extrusion: A bioaccessibility approach. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Althagafi II, Ahmed SA, El-Said WA. Colorimetric aflatoxins immunoassay by using silica nanoparticles decorated with gold nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:118999. [PMID: 33038860 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials-based colorimetric immunoassays showed increasing attention for monitoring different biomarkers because of their unique optical and electrical features. Here, a highly sensitive and selective optical sensor was described for the determination of different aflatoxins (AFs). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (m-SNPs) with an average particle size of 40 nm were prepared by the sol-gel method and then decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The Au NPs@m-SiNPs nanocomposite with an average particle size of 66 nm was modified with AFs antibodies. The assay includes the following steps: the Au NPs@m-SiNPs nanocomposite was immersed with AFs antibodies, and then the AFs-Ab/Au NPs@m-SiNPs was used as a probe for AFs detection. The interaction between the AFs-Ab/Au NPs@m-SiNPs and the AFs has resulted in a change in its color from pink to violet. Measurements are performed by absorptiometry at a wavelength of 425 nm. The immunoassay works in the concentration range from 1 ng·mL-1 to 75 ng·mL-1 AFB1 and has a limit of detection 0.16 ng·mL-1 (at S/N = 3). The assay was applied to the determination of AFs in different food samples spiked with AFS. Finally, the assay was used to detect AFs in a real sample, and the LC-MS technique was used to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail I Althagafi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
| | - Waleed A El-Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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20
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Yun Y, Lu Z, Yang J, Liang T, Xiao G, Qiao Y, Liu Y. Electrochemical analysis of specific catalase activity during development of Aspergillus flavus and its correlation with aflatoxin B1 production. Food Chem 2020; 337:127978. [PMID: 32920268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination causes huge economic losses. To explore the correlation between catalase (CAT) and AFB1 production during fungal development, we fabricated an electrochemical CAT-activity sensor by measuring residual H2O2 after enzymatic degradation. The sensor made by palladium nanoparticles/carbonized bacterial cellulose nanocomposites exhibits a linear range over 0.5-3.5 U/mL and a detection limit of 0.434 U/mL. Both dry weight and CAT activity of mycelia continuously increase. But, the latter shows a greater increase than the former after three days. Specific CAT activity in crude enzyme extract of A. flavus was quantified. It maintains at ~25.00 U/mg for 3 days and enhances to 28.91 and 45.30 U/mg, respectively, on days 4 and 5. AFB1 production follows the same trend. On days 4 and 5, AFB1 concentration reaches 201.35 and 767.9 ng/mL, respectively. The positive correlation between specific CAT activity and AFB1 production suggests that CAT is involved in AFB1 biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Yun
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No. 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No. 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No. 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No. 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No. 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No. 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, PR China.
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21
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Yan C, Wang Q, Yang Q, Wu W. Recent Advances in Aflatoxins Detection Based on Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091626. [PMID: 32825088 PMCID: PMC7558307 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are highly toxic and carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. Ingestion of crops and food contaminated by aflatoxins causes extremely serious harm to human and animal health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a selective, sensitive and simple method for the determination of aflatoxins. Due to their high performance and multipurpose characteristics, nanomaterials have been developed and applied to the monitoring of various targets, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, which include process complexity, time-consuming and laborious methodologies and the need for expensive instruments. At the same time, nanomaterials provide general promise for the detection of aflatoxins with high sensitivity, selectivity and simplicity. This review provides an overview of recent developments in nanomaterials employed for the detection of aflatoxins. The basic aspects of aflatoxin toxicity and the significance of aflatoxin detection are also reviewed. In addition, the development of different biosensors and nanomaterials for aflatoxin detection is introduced. The current capabilities and limitations and future challenges in aflatoxin detection and analysis are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Y.); (Q.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (W.W.)
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Bagheri H, Abbaszadeh S, Salari A. Optimization of decontamination conditions for
Aspergillus flavus
inoculated to military rations snack and physicochemical properties with atmospheric cold plasma. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bagheri
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Salari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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Rasheed U, Ain QU, Yaseen M, Santra S, Yao X, Liu B. Assessing the Aflatoxins Mitigation Efficacy of Blueberry Pomace Biosorbent in Buffer, Gastrointestinal Fluids and Model Wine. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E466. [PMID: 32708252 PMCID: PMC7405022 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberry (BB) and cherry pomace were investigated as new biosorbents for aflatoxins (AFs) sequestration from buffered solutions, gastrointestinal fluids and model wine. Among the tested biosorbents, BB exhibited the maximum adsorption performance for AFs and hence was further selected for the optimization of experimental parameters like pH, dosage, time and initial concentration of AFs. Material characterizations via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isothermal studies, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) techniques revealed useful information about the texture and chemical composition of the biosorbents. The fitting of isothermal data with different models showed the model suitability trend as: Sips model > Langmuir model > Freundlich model, where the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Sips model was 4.6, 2.9, 2.7 and 2.4 mg/g for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, respectively. Kinetics study revealed the fast AFs uptake by BB (50-90 min) while thermodynamics studies suggested the exothermic nature of the AFs adsorption from both, single as well as multi-toxin buffer systems, gastrointestinal fluids and model wine. Accrediting to the fast and efficient adsorption performance, green and facile fabrication approach and cost-effectiveness, the newly designed BB pomace can be counted as a promising contender for the sequestration of AFs and other organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Rasheed
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (U.R.); (S.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Sayantan Santra
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (U.R.); (S.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (U.R.); (S.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (U.R.); (S.S.); (X.Y.)
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Nazhand A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Santini A. Characteristics, Occurrence, Detection and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Foods and Feeds. Foods 2020; 9:E644. [PMID: 32443392 PMCID: PMC7278662 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination continues to be a food safety concern globally, with the most toxic being aflatoxins. On-farm aflatoxins, during food transit or storage, directly or indirectly result in the contamination of foods, which affects the liver, immune system and reproduction after infiltration into human beings and animals. There are numerous reports on aflatoxins focusing on achieving appropriate methods for quantification, precise detection and control in order to ensure consumer safety. In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 as group 1 carcinogenic substances, which are a global human health concern. Consequently, this review article addresses aflatoxin chemical properties and biosynthetic processes; aflatoxin contamination in foods and feeds; health effects in human beings and animals due to aflatoxin exposure, as well as aflatoxin detection and detoxification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Nazhand
- Department of Biotechnology, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resource University, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran 48181-68984, Iran;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo III-Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Tumukunde E, Ma G, Li D, Yuan J, Qin L, Wang S. Current research and prevention of aflatoxins in China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1960s, aflatoxins were found to have a considerable impact on the health of humans and animals as well as the country’s economy and international trade. Aflatoxins are often found in nuts, cereals and animal feeds, which has a significant danger to the food industry. Over the years, several steps have been undertaken worldwide to minimise their contamination in crops and their exposure to humans and animals. China is one of the largest exporters and importers of food and animal feed. As a result, many studies have been carried out in China related to aflatoxins, including their distribution, pollution, detection methods, monitoring, testing and managing. Chinese scientists studied aflatoxins in microbiological, toxicological, ecological effects as well as policies relating to their controlling. China has thus put into practice a number of strategies aiming at the prevention and control of aflatoxins in order to protect consumers and ensure a safe trade of food and feed, and the status and enlargement of these strategies are very important and useful for many consumers and stakeholders in China. Therefore, this article aims at the detriment assessments, regulations, distribution, detection methods, prevention and control of aflatoxins in China. It equally provides useful information about the recent safety management systems in place to fight the contamination of aflatoxins in food and feed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Tumukunde
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China P.R
| | - G. Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China P.R
| | - D. Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China P.R
| | - J. Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China P.R
| | - L. Qin
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China P.R
| | - S. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China P.R
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Agriopoulou S, Stamatelopoulou E, Varzakas T. Advances in Occurrence, Importance, and Mycotoxin Control Strategies: Prevention and Detoxification in Foods. Foods 2020; 9:E137. [PMID: 32012820 PMCID: PMC7074356 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic substances that can infect many foods with carcinogenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, nephrotoxic, and hepatotoxic effects. Mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs causes diseases worldwide. The major classes of mycotoxins that are of the greatest agroeconomic importance are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, emerging Fusarium mycotoxins, enniatins, ergot alkaloids, Alternaria toxins, and patulin. Thus, in order to mitigate mycotoxin contamination of foods, many control approaches are used. Prevention, detoxification, and decontamination of mycotoxins can contribute in this purpose in the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. Therefore, the purpose of the review is to elaborate on the recent advances regarding the occurrence of main mycotoxins in many types of important agricultural products, as well as the methods of inactivation and detoxification of foods from mycotoxins in order to reduce or fully eliminate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (E.S.); (T.V.)
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He T, Zhou T, Wan Y, Tan T. A Simple Strategy Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent for Determination of Aflatoxins in Rice Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Iqdiam BM, Abuagela MO, Boz Z, Marshall SM, Goodrich‐Schneider R, Sims CA, Marshall MR, MacIntosh AJ, Welt BA. Effects of atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment on aflatoxin level, physiochemical quality, and sensory attributes of peanuts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basheer M. Iqdiam
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Manal O. Abuagela
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Ziynet Boz
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Sara M. Marshall
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Renee Goodrich‐Schneider
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Charles A. Sims
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Maurice R. Marshall
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Andrew J. MacIntosh
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Bruce A. Welt
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida
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Xue Z, Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhang J, Wang J, Wan F, Kim Y, Liu Y, Kou X. Recent advances in aflatoxin B1 detection based on nanotechnology and nanomaterials-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1069:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Singh C, Prakash C, Mishra P, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, More RS, Kumar V, Singh J. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Premna integrifolia L. leaves against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in mice. Toxicon 2019; 166:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Sun L, Zhao Q. A simple fluorescent aptamer based assay coupled with fluorescence scanning capillary array for aflatoxin B1. Analyst 2019; 143:4600-4605. [PMID: 30191220 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple aptamer fluorescence assay for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection by using an array of capillaries. The 34-nt aptamer having a single fluorescein (FAM) label on the 24th T nucleotide generated a remarkable fluorescence increase upon AFB1 binding. The use of fluorescence scanning capillary array allowed for the analysis of multiple samples with low sample consumption, showing advantages of simplicity, rapidity and high throughput analysis. The detection limit of AFB1 reached 0.5 nM. This assay has great potential for analysis in food safety and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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32
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhang B, He Y, Wang J, Wang S. A rapid fluorometric method for determination of aflatoxin B 1 in plant-derived food by using a thioflavin T-based aptasensor. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:214. [PMID: 30830273 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric aptamer-based method is described for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The fluorescent dye thioflavin T (ThT) forms a complex with the aptamer against AFB1 (aptamer/ThT), and the fluorescence of the complex is strongly enhanced. On addition of AFB1, it will bind to the aptamer and release ThT. The fluorescence of free ThT is much weaker. The fluorescence of the system, best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 440/487 nm, drops gradually in the AFB1 concentration range from 0.2 to 200 ng·mL-1, exhibiting good linearity. The detection limits are 0.2 ng·mL-1 in buffer solution, and 1 ng·mL-1 when applied to plant-derived food. The recovery of AFB1 from spiked foodstuff ranges from 74.7% to 121%. The assay can be performed within 20 min. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of label-free thioflavin T (ThT)-based fluorescence aptasensor using aflatoxin B1(AFB1) aptamer/ThT G-quadruplex complex and the AFB1 aptamer/AFB1 complex fluorescent signal system for the rapid and sensitive detection of AFB1 in soy sauce, spirits, rice, corn and peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Junying Wang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Pagkali V, Petrou PS, Makarona E, Peters J, Haasnoot W, Jobst G, Moser I, Gajos K, Budkowski A, Economou A, Misiakos K, Raptis I, Kakabakos SE. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B 1, fumonisin B 1 and deoxynivalenol in beer samples with a label-free monolithically integrated optoelectronic biosensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:445-453. [PMID: 30059886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A label-free optical biosensor for the fast simultaneous determination of three mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON), in beer samples is presented. The biosensor is based on an array of ten Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) monolithically integrated along with their respective broad-band silicon light sources onto a single chip. Multi-analyte determination is accomplished by functionalizing the sensing arms of individual MZIs with mycotoxin-protein conjugates. Assay is performed by pumping over the chip mixtures of calibrators or samples with a mixture of specific monoclonal antibodies, followed by reaction with a secondary anti-mouse IgG antibody. Reactions are monitored in real-time by continuously recording the MZI output spectra, which are then subjected to Discrete Fourier Transform to convert spectrum shifts to phase shifts. The detection limits achieved for AFB1, FB1 and DON were 0.8, 5.6 and 24 ng/ml, respectively, while the assay duration was 12 min. Recovery values ranging from 85 to 115% were determined in beer samples spiked with known concentrations of the three mycotoxins. In addition, beers of different types and origin were analysed with the biosensor developed and the results were compared with those provided by established laboratory methods, further supporting the accuracy of the proposed device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Pagkali
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece; Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Panagiota S Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece.
| | - Eleni Makarona
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Jeroen Peters
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Haasnoot
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Gajos
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Misiakos
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Sotirios E Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece.
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Mahfuz M, Gazi MA, Hossain M, Islam MR, Fahim SM, Ahmed T. General and advanced methods for the detection and measurement of aflatoxins and aflatoxin metabolites: a review. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1514638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muttaquina Hossain
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Akram NA, Shafiq F, Ashraf M. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1325-1338. [PMID: 33350163 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peanut is a multipurpose oil-seed legume, which offer benefits in many ways. Apart from the peanut plant's beneficial effects on soil quality, peanut seeds are nutritious and medicinally and economically important. In this review, insights into peanut origin and its domestication are provided. Peanut is rich in bioactive components, including phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and resveratrol. In addition, the involvement of peanut in biological nitrogen fixation is highly significant. Recent reports regarding peanut responses and N2 fixation ability in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat stress, and iron deficiency on calcareous soils, have been incorporated. As a biotechnological note, recent advances in the development of transgenic peanut plants are also highlighted. In this context, regulation of transcriptional factors and gene transfer for the development of stress-tolerant peanut genotypes are of prime importance. Above all, this review signifies the importance of peanut cultivation and human consumption in view of the scenario of changing world climate in order to maintain food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Dept. of Botany, Government College Univ. Faisalabad, Pakistan
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36
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Maciel LF, Felício ALDSM, Miranda LCR, Pires TC, Bispo EDS, Hirooka EY. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in different cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.) developed in the southern region of Bahia, Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:134-143. [PMID: 29090642 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1397293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is the sixth largest producer of cocoa beans in the world, after Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria and Cameroon. The southern region of Bahia stands out as the country's largest producer, accounting for approximately 60% of production. Due to damage caused by infestation of the cocoa crop with the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, which causes 'witch's broom disease', research in cocoa beans has led to the cloning of species that are resistant to the disease; however, there is little information about the development of other fungal genera in these clones, such as Aspergillus, which do not represent a phytopathogenicity problem but can grow during the pre-processing of cocoa beans and produce mycotoxins. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the presence of aflatoxin (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in cocoa clones developed in Brazil. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin A contamination were determined in 130 samples from 13 cocoa clones grown in the south of Bahia by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. The method was evaluated for limit of detection (LOD) (0.05-0.90 μg kg-1), limit of quantification (0.10-2.50 μg kg-1) and recovery (RSD) (89.40-95.80%) for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and OTA. Aflatoxin contamination was detected in 38% of the samples in the range of <LOD-17.795 μg kg-1, with AFB1 in 25% of the total samples, whereas ochratoxin A was positive in 18% of the samples in the range of <LOD-274.90 μg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Fonseca Maciel
- a Department of Bromatological Analyses, Pharmacy College , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil.,b Department of Food Science and Technology , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | | | | | - Tassia Cavalcante Pires
- a Department of Bromatological Analyses, Pharmacy College , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Eliete da Silva Bispo
- a Department of Bromatological Analyses, Pharmacy College , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Elisa Yoko Hirooka
- b Department of Food Science and Technology , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
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37
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Simple determination of aflatoxins in rice by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to chemical post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. Food Chem 2017; 245:189-195. [PMID: 29287360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fast and simple analytical method was developed and characterized for the determination of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in rice. The procedure is based on a simple solid-liquid extraction without further clean-up, and analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Fluorescence emission of aflatoxins B1 and G1 was enhanced by post-column chemical derivatization using pyridinium bromide perbromide. The analytical method was satisfactorily characterized in white and brown rice. Under optimum conditions, external calibration in solvent could be used for quantification purposes and limits of quantification were below the maximum contents established by the European Union regulation for these contaminants/commodity group combination (0.07-0.14 µg/kg for white rice and 0.20-0.28 µg/kg for brown rice). Recovery studies carried out at three different concentration levels (0.5, 2 and 5 µg/kg) showed values in the range of 84.5-105.3%, and RSDs ≤ 5%.
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38
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Du X, Schrunk DE, Shao D, Imerman PM, Wang C, Ensley SM, Rumbeiha WK. Intra-laboratory Development and Evaluation of a Quantitative Method for Measurement of Aflatoxins B1, M1 and Q1 in Animal Urine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:698-707. [PMID: 28985321 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins negatively impact animal health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most common mycotoxins affecting both large and small animals and are a common cause of toxin-related pet food recalls. Definitive diagnosis of aflatoxicosis is constrained by a lack of validated ante-mortem analytical methods for detection and quantitation of AFs and their metabolites in biological specimens. Herein, we developed and evaluated a urine-based quantitative method for measurement of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolites aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1) in animal urine. (Some of the results have been presented at 59th AAVLD conference, Greensboro, North Carolina, October 13-19th, 2016.) This method uses an immuno-affinity column for clean-up and pre-column derivatization followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis with fluorescence detection. The method has high selectivity, recovery (>81%) and sensitivity with an instrument limit of detection of 0.20-1.02 pg; instrument limit of quantitation of 0.77-4.46 pg; and a method lower limit of quantitation of 0.30-2.5 ng/mL. The method has high accuracy, repeatability, and is rugged against minor changes. However, because of poor sensitivity of AFQ1 at low concentrations we recommend this method for quantitative determination of AFB1 and AFM1, and for qualitative measurement of AFQ1 in animal urine for diagnosis of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Du
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Dwayne E Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Dahai Shao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Paula M Imerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Steve M Ensley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
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Satarpai T, Siripinyanond A, Su H, Shiea J. Rapid characterization of trace aflatoxin B 1 in groundnuts, wheat and maize by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by direct electrospray probe tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:728-736. [PMID: 28199065 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aflatoxins are poisonous and cancer-related chemical compounds commonly found in crops and plants. Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic compound among aflatoxins and has been classified as group 1 carcinogenic to humans, especially in liver cancer. Herein, an ambient mass spectrometric method was developed for rapid characterization of trace aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. METHODS Direct electrospray probe tandem mass spectrometry (DEP-MS/MS) was used to detect aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. To avoid the matrix effect, the aflatoxin B1 in the samples was extracted and concentrated by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode to monitor the intact molecular ion (m/z 313, MH+ ) and product ion (m/z 241) of aflatoxin B1 using multiple reaction monitoring. RESULTS Since no clean-up procedure of the sample was required, the sampling step and the subsequent mass spectrometric detection of the aflatoxin B1 was completed in less than 5 min. The limit of detection of aflatoxin B1 is at the sub-ppb level. The results obtained by DEP-MS/MS were also validated by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Recovery of aflatoxin B1 in the sample was evaluated by analyzing spiked aflatoxin B1 with LC/MS/MS to be 85% and DEP-MS/MS to be 84%. CONCLUSIONS DEP-MS/MS combined with a simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of AFB1 in nut samples. Due to its high efficiency, it is promising in providing important toxicological information for food safety in the real world. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiphol Satarpai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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40
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Multiclonal plastic antibodies for selective aflatoxin extraction from food samples. Food Chem 2017; 221:829-837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Aflatoxins can cause damage to the health of humans and animals. Several institutions around the world have established regulations to limit the levels of aflatoxins in food, and numerous analytical methods have been extensively developed for aflatoxin determination. This review covers the currently used analytical methods for the determination of aflatoxins in different food matrices, which includes sampling and sample preparation, sample pretreatment methods including extraction methods and purification methods of aflatoxin extracts, separation and determination methods. Validation for analysis of aflatoxins and safety considerations and precautions when doing the experiments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xie
- a College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China.,b Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture , Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- a College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China.,b Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture , Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yibin Ying
- a College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China.,b Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture , Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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Mavrikou S, Flampouri E, Iconomou D, Kintzios S. Development of a cellular biosensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1, based on the interaction of membrane engineered Vero cells with anti-AFB1 antibodies on the surface of gold nanoparticle screen printed electrodes. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kumar P, Mahato DK, Kamle M, Mohanta TK, Kang SG. Aflatoxins: A Global Concern for Food Safety, Human Health and Their Management. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2170. [PMID: 28144235 PMCID: PMC5240007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aflatoxin producing fungi, Aspergillus spp., are widely spread in nature and have severely contaminated food supplies of humans and animals, resulting in health hazards and even death. Therefore, there is great demand for aflatoxins research to develop suitable methods for their quantification, precise detection and control to ensure the safety of consumers' health. Here, the chemistry and biosynthesis process of the mycotoxins is discussed in brief along with their occurrence, and the health hazards to humans and livestock. This review focuses on resources, production, detection and control measures of aflatoxins to ensure food and feed safety. The review is informative for health-conscious consumers and research experts in the fields. Furthermore, providing knowledge on aflatoxins toxicity will help in ensure food safety and meet the future demands of the increasing population by decreasing the incidence of outbreaks due to aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and TechnologyNirjuli, India
| | - Dipendra K. Mahato
- Division of Food Science & Postharvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and TechnologyNirjuli, India
| | - Tapan K. Mohanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sang G. Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
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Díaz-Bao M, Regal P, Barreiro R, Fente CA, Cepeda A. A facile method for the fabrication of magnetic molecularly imprinted stir-bars: A practical example with aflatoxins in baby foods. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1471:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Shao D, Imerman PM, Schrunk DE, Ensley SM, Rumbeiha WK. Intralaboratory development and evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence method for detection and quantitation of aflatoxins M1, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in animal liver. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:646-655. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716668217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins with effects that include hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression, and suppression of animal growth and production. The etiologic diagnosis of aflatoxicosis, which is largely based on analysis of contaminated feed matrices, has significant disadvantages given the fact that representative feed samples may not be available and feed-based test methods are not confirmatory of an etiologic diagnosis. A tissue-based analytical method for biomarkers of exposure would be valuable for confirmation of aflatoxicosis. We describe in-house development and evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection and precolumn derivatization for determination of aflatoxins M1, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in animal liver. The method demonstrates good selectivity for the tested aflatoxins in the liver matrix. The overall range was 0.03–0.10 ng/g for limit of detection and 0.09–0.18 ng/g for limit of quantitation. The correlation coefficient ( R2) of calibration curves was >0.9978 for AFM1, 0.9995 for AFB1, 0.9986 for AFB2, 0.9983 for AFG1, and 0.9980 for AFG2. For fortification levels of 0.2–10 ng/g, repeatability was 10–18% for AFM1, 7–14% for AFB1, 5–14% for AFB2, 6–16% for AFG1, and 10–15% for AFG2. Recovery was 52–57% for AFM1, 54–62% for AFB1, 55–61% for AFB2, 57–67% for AFG1, and 61–65% for AFG2. There was no liver matrix effect found. The method is rugged against minor changes based on the selected factors. The results indicate that the proposed method is suitable for quantitative determination of aflatoxins M1, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Shao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Paula M. Imerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Dwayne E. Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Steve M. Ensley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Wilson K. Rumbeiha
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Iram W, Anjum T, Iqbal M, Ghaffar A, Abbas M. Structural Elucidation and Toxicity Assessment of Degraded Products of Aflatoxin B1 and B2 by Aqueous Extracts of Trachyspermum ammi. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:346. [PMID: 27064492 PMCID: PMC4811950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study aqueous extract of seeds and leaves of Trachyspermum ammi were evaluated for their ability to detoxify aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1; 100 μg L(-1) and AFB2; 50 μg L(-1)) by in vitro and in vivo assays. Results indicated that T. ammi seeds extract was found to be significant (P < 0.05) in degrading AFB1 and AFB2 i.e., 92.8 and 91.9% respectively. However, T. ammi leaves extract proved to be less efficient in degrading these aflatoxins, under optimized conditions i.e., pH 8, temperature 30°C and incubation period of 72 h. The structural elucidation of degraded toxin products by LCMS/MS analysis showed that eight degraded products of AFB1 and AFB2 were formed. MS/MS spectra showed that most of the products were formed by the removal of double bond in the terminal furan ring and modification of lactone group indicating less toxicity as compared to parent compounds. Brine shrimps bioassay further confirmed the low toxicity of degraded products, showing that T. ammi seeds extract can be used as an effective tool for the detoxification of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Iram
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Abbas
- Department of Toxicology, Quality Operating Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore, Pakistan
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47
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Wang X, Niessner R, Tang D, Knopp D. Nanoparticle-based immunosensors and immunoassays for aflatoxins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 912:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Zhang X, Li CR, Wang WC, Xue J, Huang YL, Yang XX, Tan B, Zhou XP, Shao C, Ding SJ, Qiu JF. A novel electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 in corn using single-walled carbon nanotubes/chitosan. Food Chem 2016; 192:197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Zhang S, Shen Y, Shen G, Wang S, Shen G, Yu R. Electrochemical immunosensor based on Pd–Au nanoparticles supported on functionalized PDDA-MWCNT nanocomposites for aflatoxin B1 detection. Anal Biochem 2016; 494:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Kotinagu K, Mohanamba T, Kumari LR. Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in livestock feed and feed ingredients by high-performance thin layer chromatography. Vet World 2015; 8:1396-9. [PMID: 27047050 PMCID: PMC4774816 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1396-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Detection of aflatoxin B1 in Livestock compound Feed and feed ingredients by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: Chromatography was performed on HPTLC silica gel 60 F 254, aluminum sheets by CAMAG automatic TLC sampler 4, with mobile phase condition chloroform:acetone:water (28:4:0.06). Extraction of aflatoxin B1 from samples was done as per AOAC method and screening and quantification done by HPTLC Scanner 4 under wavelength 366 nm. Results: A total of 97 livestock feed (48) and feed ingredients (49) samples received from different livestock farms and farmers were analyzed for aflatoxin B1of which 29 samples were contaminated, constituting 30%. Out of 48 livestock compound feed samples, aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 16 samples representing 33%, whereas in livestock feed ingredients out of 49 samples, 13 found positive for aflatoxin B1 representing 24.5%. Conclusion: HPTLC assures good recovery, precision, and linearity in the quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1 extracted from Livestock compound feed and feed ingredients. As more number of feed and feed ingredients are contaminated with aflatoxin B1 which causes deleterious effects in both animal and human beings, so there is a need for identifying the source of contamination, executing control measures, enabling better risk assessment techniques, and providing economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korrapati Kotinagu
- Toxicology and Feed Analysis Laboratory Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Shanti Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - T Mohanamba
- Toxicology and Feed Analysis Laboratory Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Shanti Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - L Rathna Kumari
- Toxicology and Feed Analysis Laboratory Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Shanti Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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