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Noureddine N, Holtzhauer G, Wawrzyniak P, Srikanthan P, Krämer SD, Rogler G, Lucchinetti E, Zaugg M, Hersberger M. Size of lipid emulsion droplets influences metabolism in human CD4 + T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150680. [PMID: 39278094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Triglyceride-based lipid emulsions are critical for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), but their long-term use has adverse effects, such as severe liver dysfunction necessitating improved formulations. This study compares the uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of novel glycerol-stabilized nano-sized lipid emulsions with conventional emulsions in CD4+ T cells, focusing on their impact on cellular metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Nanoemulsions were formulated with increased glycerol content. Uptake of emulsions in primary human CD4+ T cells was investigated using different endocytic blockers, then quantified by flow cytometry, and visualized by confocal microscopy. To investigate emulsion intracellular fate, fatty acids in membrane phospholipids were quantified by GC-MS/MS and cellular metabolism was assessed by Seahorse technology. Results show T cells internalize both conventional and nano-sized emulsions using macropinocytosis. Fatty acids from emulsions are stored as neutral lipids in intracellular vesicles and are incorporated into phospholipids of cellular membranes. However, only nanoemulsions additionally use clathrin-mediated endocytosis and deliver fatty acids to mitochondria for increased β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Size of lipid emulsion droplets significantly influences their uptake and subsequent metabolism in CD4+ T cells. Our results highlight the potential for improved nutrient utilization with nanoemulsions in TPN formulations possibly leading to less adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gregory Holtzhauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pakeerathan Srikanthan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Goraltchouk A, Lourie J, Hollander JM, Grace Rosen H, Fujishiro AA, Luppino F, Zou K, Seregin A. Development and characterization of a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system. Gene 2024; 919:148500. [PMID: 38663689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant potential, gene therapy has been relegated to the treatment of rare diseases, due in part to an inability to adjust dosage following initial administration. Other significant constraints include cost, specificity, antigenicity, and systemic toxicity of current generation technologies. To overcome these challenges, we developed a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system, with optimized biocompatibility, localization, durability, and cost. METHODS A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system was developed and characterized by dynamic light scattering for size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. Cytocompatibility and transfection efficiency were optimized in vitro using primary human adipocytes and preadipocytes. Durability, immunogenicity, and adjustment of expression were evaluated in C57BL/6 and B6 albino mice using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Biodistribution was assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry; therapeutic protein expression was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Following LNP optimization, in vitro transfection efficiency of primary human adipocytes reached 81.3 % ± 8.3 % without compromising cytocompatibility. Critical physico-chemical properties of the system (size, zeta potential, polydispersity) remained stable over a broad range of genetic cassette sizes (1,871-6,203 bp). Durable expression was observed in vivo over 6 months, localizing to subcutaneous adipose tissues at the injection site with no detectable transgene in the liver, heart, spleen, or kidney. Gene expression was adjustable using several physical and pharmacological approaches, including cryolipolysis, focused ultrasound, and pharmacologically inducible apoptosis. The ability of transfected adipocytes to express therapeutic transgenes ranging from peptides to antibodies, at potentially clinically relevant levels, was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We report the development of a novel, low-cost therapeutic platform, designed to enable the replacement of subcutaneously administered protein treatments with a single-injection, adjustable-dose gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Goraltchouk
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Jared Lourie
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Judith M Hollander
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - H Grace Rosen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Atsutaro A Fujishiro
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Francesco Luppino
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Alexey Seregin
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America.
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Teng L, Dedousis N, Adeshirlarijaney A, Kanshana JS, Liu M, Hodges CA, Kohan AB. Impaired intestinal free fatty acid transport followed by chylomicron malformation, not pancreatic insufficiency, cause metabolic defects in cystic fibrosis. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100551. [PMID: 39002195 PMCID: PMC11301217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal disease is one of the earliest manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) in children and is closely tied to deficits in growth and nutrition, both of which are directly linked to future mortality. Patients are treated aggressively with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and a high-fat diet to circumvent fat malabsorption, but this does not reverse growth and nutritional defects. We hypothesized that defects in chylomicron production could explain why CF body weights and nutrition are so resistant to clinical treatments. We used gold standard intestinal lipid absorption and metabolism approaches, including mouse mesenteric lymph cannulation, in vivo chylomicron secretion kinetics, transmission electron microscopy, small intestinal organoids, and chylomicron metabolism assays to test this hypothesis. In mice expressing the G542X mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR-/- mice), we find that defective FFA trafficking across the epithelium into enterocytes drives a chylomicron formation defect. Furthermore, G542X mice secrete small, triglyceride-poor chylomicrons into the lymph and blood. These defective chylomicrons are cleared into extraintestinal tissues at ∼10-fold faster than WT chylomicrons. This defect in FFA absorption resulting in dysfunctional chylomicrons cannot be explained by steatorrhea or pancreatic insufficiency and is maintained in primary small intestinal organoids treated with micellar lipids. These studies suggest that the ultrahigh-fat diet that most people with CF are counselled to follow may instead make steatorrhea and malabsorption defects worse by overloading the absorptive capacity of the CF small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Teng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aneseh Adeshirlarijaney
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jitendra S Kanshana
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alison B Kohan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Park MR, Lee HJ, Jang HM, Kim NH, Lee JS, Jeong YT, Kim I, Choi SH, Seo KS, Kim DH. Cytarabine induces cachexia with lipid malabsorption via zippering the junctions of lacteal in murine small intestine. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100387. [PMID: 37201659 PMCID: PMC10323926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cachexia causes severe metabolic abnormalities independently of cancer and reduces the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. The underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-induced cachexia remains unclear. Here we investigated the cytarabine (CYT)-induced alteration in energy balance and its underlying mechanisms in mice. We compared energy balance-associated parameters among the three groups of mice: CON, CYT, and PF (pair-fed mice with the CYT group) that were intravenously administered vehicle or CYT. Weight gain, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and nocturnal energy expenditure were significantly lowered in the CYT group than in the CON and PF groups. The CYT group demonstrated less energy intake than the CON group and higher respiratory quotient than the PF group, indicating that CYT induced cachexia independently from the anorexia-induced weight loss. Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the CYT group than in the CON group, whereas the intestinal mucosal triglyceride levels and the lipid content within the small intestine enterocyte were higher after lipid loading in the CYT group than in the CON and PF groups, suggesting that CYT inhibited lipid uptake in the intestine. This was not associated with obvious intestinal damage. The CYT group showed increased zipper-like junctions of lymphatic endothelial vessel in duodenal villi compared to that in the CON and CYT groups, suggesting their imperative role in the CYT-induced inhibition of lipid uptake. CYT worsens cachexia independently of anorexia by inhibiting the intestinal lipid uptake, via the increased zipper-like junctions of lymphatic endothelial vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lockridge A, Hanover JA. A nexus of lipid and O-Glcnac metabolism in physiology and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943576. [PMID: 36111295 PMCID: PMC9468787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditionally considered a glucose metabolism-associated modification, the O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulatory system interacts extensively with lipids and is required to maintain lipid homeostasis. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling have molecular properties consistent with those expected of broad-spectrum environmental sensors. By direct protein-protein interactions and catalytic modification, O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes may provide both acute and long-term adaptation to stress and other environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability. Depending on the cell type, hyperlipidemia potentiates or depresses O-GlcNAc levels, sometimes biphasically, through a diversity of unique mechanisms that target UDP-GlcNAc synthesis and the availability, activity and substrate selectivity of the glycosylation enzymes, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). At the same time, OGT activity in multiple tissues has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of systemic lipid uptake, storage and release. Hyperlipidemic patterns of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells are consistent with both transient physiological adaptation and feedback uninhibited obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the numerous interconnections between lipid and O-GlcNAc metabolism. These links provide insights into how the O-GlcNAc regulatory system may contribute to lipid-associated diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Lockridge
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Macrophages take up VLDL-sized emulsion particles through caveolae-mediated endocytosis and excrete part of the internalized triglycerides as fatty acids. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001516. [PMID: 36026438 PMCID: PMC9455861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream as part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and chylomicrons, which represent the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants contribute to atherosclerosis, possibly by carrying remnant cholesterol and/or by exerting a proinflammatory effect on macrophages. Nevertheless, little is known about how macrophages process triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here, using VLDL-sized triglyceride-rich emulsion particles, we aimed to study the mechanism by which VLDL triglycerides are taken up, processed, and stored in macrophages. Our results show that macrophage uptake of VLDL-sized emulsion particles is dependent on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and requires the lipoprotein-binding C-terminal domain but not the catalytic N-terminal domain of LPL. Subsequent internalization of VLDL-sized emulsion particles by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by triglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lysosomal acid lipase. It is shown that STARD3 is required for the transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for subsequent storage as triglycerides, while NPC1 likely is involved in promoting the extracellular efflux of fatty acids from lysosomes. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete part of the internalized triglycerides as fatty acids. How do macrophages take up and process very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles? This study reveals that endocytic uptake of VLDLs depends on lipoprotein lipase and caveolae; internalized VLDLs are then processed by lysosomes, and the lipids are hydrolyzed and translocated to the ER for storage as triglycerides.
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Feng W, Qin C, Abdelrazig S, Bai Z, Raji M, Darwish R, Chu Y, Ji L, Gray DA, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121947. [PMID: 35753538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in composition, which could lead to differences in promotion of intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs. Therefore, the differences in composition of sesame, sunflower, peanut, soybean, olive and coconut oils and their corresponding role as vehicles in promoting CBD lymphatic targeting and bioavailability were investigated in this study. The comparative analysis suggests that the fatty acids profile of vegetable oils is overall similar to the fatty acids profile in the corresponding chylomicrons in rat lymph. However, arachidonic acid (C20:4), was introduced to chylomicrons from endogenous nondietary sources. Overall, fatty acid composition of natural vegetable oils vehicles affected the intestinal lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD following oral administration in this work. Olive oil led to the highest concentration of CBD in the lymphatic system and in the systemic circulation in comparison to the other natural vegetable oils following oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Salah Abdelrazig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ziyu Bai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mekha Raji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Randa Darwish
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical supplies and maintenance office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liuhang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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8
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Lebrun LJ, Moreira S, Tavernier A, Niot I. Postprandial consequences of lipid absorption in the onset of obesity: Role of intestinal CD36. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Low-quality dietary patterns impair cardiometabolic health by increasing the risk of obesity-related disorders. Cardiometabolic risk relative to dairy-food consumption continues to be a controversial topic, due to recommendations that endorse low-fat and nonfat dairy foods over full-fat varieties despite accumulated evidence that does not strongly support these recommendations. Controlled human studies and mechanistic preclinical investigations support that full-fat dairy foods decrease cardiometabolic risk by promoting gut health, reducing inflammation, and managing dyslipidemia. These gut- and systemic-level cardiometabolic benefits are attributed, at least in part, to milk polar lipids (MPLs) derived from the phospholipid- and sphingolipid-rich milk fat globule membrane that is of higher abundance in full-fat dairy milk. The controversy surrounding full-fat dairy food consumption is discussed in this review relative to cardiometabolic health and MPL bioactivities that alleviate dyslipidemia, shift gut microbiota composition, and reduce inflammation. This summary, therefore, is expected to advance the understanding of full-fat dairy foods through their MPLs and the need for translational research to establish evidence-based dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Avinash Pokala
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Feng W, Qin C, Chu Y, Berton M, Lee JB, Zgair A, Bettonte S, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Natural sesame oil is superior to pre-digested lipid formulations and purified triglycerides in promoting the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of cannabidiol. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:43-49. [PMID: 33677067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations play a significant role in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Previous studies have shown that natural sesame oil promotes the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD). However, both lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability were also associated with considerable variability. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pre-digested lipid formulations (oleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid with 2-oleoylglycerol, oleic acid with 2-oleoylglycerol and oleic acid with glycerol) could reduce variability and increase the extent of the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of CBD. The in vivo studies in rats showed that pre-digested or purified triglyceride did not improve the lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD in comparison to sesame oil. Moreover, the results suggest that both the absorption of lipids and the absorption of co-administered CBD were more efficient following administration of natural sesame oil vehicle compared with pre-digested lipids or purified trioleate. Although multiple small molecule constituents and unique fatty acid compositions could potentially contribute to a better performance of sesame oil in oral absorption of lipids or CBD, further investigation will be needed to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical Supplies and Maintenance Office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mattia Berton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar 31001, Iraq
| | - Sara Bettonte
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Robert C, Couëdelo L, Knibbe C, Fonseca L, Buisson C, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Meugnier E, Loizon E, Vaysse C, Michalski MC. Rapeseed Lecithin Increases Lymphatic Lipid Output and α-Linolenic Acid Bioavailability in Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:2900-2911. [PMID: 32937654 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean lecithin, a plant-based emulsifier widely used in food, is capable of modulating postprandial lipid metabolism. With arising concerns of sustainability, alternative sources of vegetal lecithin are urgently needed, and their metabolic effects must be characterized. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the impact of increasing doses of rapeseed lecithin (RL), rich in essential α-linolenic acid (ALA), on postprandial lipid metabolism and ALA bioavailability in lymph-cannulated rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) undergoing a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation were intragastrically administered 1 g of an oil mixture containing 4% ALA and 0, 1, 3, 10, or 30% RL (5 groups). Lymph fractions were collected for 6 h. Lymph lipids and chylomicrons (CMs) were characterized. The expression of genes implicated in intestinal lipid metabolism was determined in the duodenum at 6 h. Data was analyzed using either sigmoidal or linear mixed-effects models, or one-way ANOVA, where appropriate. RESULTS RL dose-dependently increased the lymphatic recovery (AUC) of total lipids (1100 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.010) and ALA (50 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.0076). RL induced a faster appearance of ALA in lymph, as evidenced by the exponential decrease of the rate of appearance of ALA with RL (R2 = 0.26; P = 0.0064). Although the number of CMs was unaffected by RL, CM diameter was increased in the 30%-RL group, compared to the control group (0% RL), by 86% at 3-4 h (P = 0.065) and by 81% at 4-6 h (P = 0.0002) following administration. This increase was positively correlated with the duodenal mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp; ρ= 0.63; P = 0.0052). The expression of Mttp and secretion-associated, ras-related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b, CM secretion), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (Cpt1a) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1, beta-oxidation), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2, bioconversion of ALA into long-chain n-3 PUFAs) were, respectively, 49%, 29%, 74%, 48%, and 55% higher in the 30%-RL group vs. the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In rats, RL enhanced lymphatic lipid output, as well as the rate of appearance of ALA, which may promote its subsequent bioavailability and metabolic fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Robert
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.,ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Carole Knibbe
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Inria "Beagle" team, Antenne Lyon la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Fonseca
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
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12
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Effects of an early life diet containing large phospholipid-coated lipid globules on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16128. [PMID: 32999305 PMCID: PMC7527984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that feeding mice in their early life a diet containing a lipid structure more similar to human milk (eIMF, Nuturis) results in lower body weights and fat mass gain upon high fat feeding in later life, compared to control (cIMF). To understand the underlying mechanisms, we now explored parameters possibly involved in this long-term effect. Male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice, fed rodent diets containing eIMF or cIMF from postnatal (PN) day 16-42, were sacrificed at PN42. Hepatic proteins were measured using targeted proteomics. Lipids were assessed by LC-MS/MS (acylcarnitines) and GC-FID (fatty-acyl chain profiles). Early life growth and body composition, cytokines, and parameters of bile acid metabolism were similar between the groups. Hepatic concentrations of multiple proteins involved in β-oxidation (+ 17%) the TCA cycle (+ 15%) and mitochondrial antioxidative proteins (+ 28%) were significantly higher in eIMF versus cIMF-fed mice (p < 0.05). Hepatic L-carnitine levels, required for fatty acid uptake into the mitochondria, were higher (+ 33%, p < 0.01) in eIMF-fed mice. The present study indicates that eIMF-fed mice have higher hepatic levels of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation. We speculate that eIMF feeding programs the metabolic handling of dietary lipids.
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13
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Chunta S, Boonsriwong W, Wattanasin P, Naklua W, Lieberzeit PA. Direct assessment of very-low-density lipoprotein by mass sensitive sensor with molecularly imprinted polymers. Talanta 2020; 221:121549. [PMID: 33076107 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contributes to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries and can lead to coronary heart disease. In clinical laboratory testing, the cholesterol content of VLDL (VLDL-C) cannot be assessed directly by the enzymatic colorimetric assay as it can for other lipoproteins, due to lack of a specific sample pretreatment technique. VLDL concentration relies on analyzing the endogenous triglycerides (TGs) bound in its particles and then converting to the VLDL-C estimate TGs/5. This estimation is valid for at least 12 h-fasted serum when exogenous TGs attached to chylomicrons (CMs) have been cleared from the circulation. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based sensor was generated using biomimetic sensing elements as a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to directly measure actual VLDL. A novel VLDL-MIP was synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) in the ratio 1:1 (v/v) as functional monomers in the presence of N, N'-(1,2-dihydroxyethylene) bis(acrylamide) (DHEBA) as a crosslinking agent. The VLDL-MIP sensor showed high sensitivity with a linear response from 2.5 mg dL-1 to 100 mg dL-1 of VLDL-C with a limit of detection at 1.5 mg dL-1. Recoveries of 96-103% were achieved when the VLDL-MIP sensor was used for VLDL assessment at 38-71 mg dL-1 concentrations. Repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor were very good with coefficients of variation at 1.63-4.74% and 4.25-9.04%, respectively. The sensor demonstrated low cross-reactivity with other lipoproteins; 6-7% of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) signals, 2-4% high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and 1% CMs compared to the signal of VLDL. Sensor results for 12 h-fasted serum and non-fasted serum correlated well with VLDL estimates TGs/5, with coefficients of determination (R2) at 0.9967 and 0.9932, respectively. This new sensor offers a new strategy for direct VLDL assessment from non-fasted serum without other sample pretreatment steps than dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suticha Chunta
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | | | - Panwadee Wattanasin
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Naklua
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vienna 1090, Austria
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14
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West AL, Michaelson LV, Miles EA, Haslam RP, Lillycrop KA, Georgescu R, Han L, Sayanova O, Napier JA, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Differential postprandial incorporation of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 into individual plasma triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine molecular species in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158710. [PMID: 32289503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which digested fat is absorbed and transported in the circulation are well documented. However, it is uncertain whether the molecular species composition of dietary fats influences the molecular species composition of meal-derived lipids in blood. This may be important because enzymes that remove meal-derived fatty acids from the circulation exhibit differential activities towards individual lipid molecular species. To determine the effect of consuming oils with different molecular compositions on the incorporation of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 into plasma lipid molecular species. Men and women (18-30 years) consumed standardised meals containing 20:5n-5 and 22:6n-3 (total 450 mg) provided by an oil from transgenic Camelina sativa (CSO) or a blended fish oil (BFO) which differed in the composition of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 - containing molecular species. Blood was collected during the subsequent 8 h. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The molecular species composition of the test oils was distinct from the composition of plasma triacylglycerol (TG) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species at baseline and at 1.5 or 6 h after the meal. The rank order by concentration of both plasma PC and TG molecular species at baseline was maintained during the postprandial period. 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were incorporated preferentially into plasma PC compared to plasma TG. Together these findings suggest that the composition of dietary lipids undergoes extensive rearrangement after absorption, such that plasma TG and PC maintain their molecular species composition, which may facilitate lipase activities in blood and/or influence lipoprotein structural stability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ramona Georgescu
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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15
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An early-life diet containing large phospholipid-coated lipid globules programmes later-life postabsorptive lipid trafficking in high-fat diet- but not in low-fat diet-fed mice. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:961-971. [PMID: 32616081 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Feeding mice in early life a diet containing an experimental infant milk formula (Nuturis®; eIMF), with a lipid structure similar to human milk, transiently lowered body weight (BW) and fat mass gain upon Western-style diet later in life, when compared with mice fed diets based on control IMF (cIMF). We tested the hypothesis that early-life eIMF feeding alters the absorption or the postabsorptive trafficking of dietary lipids in later life. Male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were fed eIMF/cIMF from postnatal day 16-42, followed by low- (LFD, American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93 G, 7 wt% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, D12451, 24 wt% fat) until day 63-70. Lipid absorption rate and tissue concentrations were determined after intragastric administration of stable isotope (2H or 13C) labelled lipids in separate groups. Lipid enrichments in plasma and tissues were analysed using GC-MS. The rate of triolein absorption was similar between eIMF and cIMF fed LFD: 3·2 (sd 1·8) and 3·9 (sd 2·1) and HFD: 2·6 (sd 1·7) and 3·8 (sd 3·0) % dose/ml per h. Postabsorptive lipid trafficking, that is, concentrations of absorbed lipids in tissues, was similar in the eIMF and cIMF groups after LFD. Tissue levels of absorbed TAG after HFD feeding were lower in heart (-42 %) and liver (-46 %), and higher in muscle (+81 %, all P < 0·05) in eIMF-fed mice. In conclusion, early-life IMF diet affected postabsorptive trafficking of absorbed lipids after HFD, but not LFD. Changes in postabsorptive lipid trafficking could underlie the observed lower BW and body fat accumulation in later life upon a persistent long-term obesogenic challenge.
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16
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Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Wawrzyniak P, Wawrzyniak M, Scharl M, Holtzhauer GA, Krämer SD, Hersberger M, Rogler G, Zaugg M. Novel Strategies to Prevent Total Parenteral Nutrition-Induced Gut and Liver Inflammation, and Adverse Metabolic Outcomes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1901270. [PMID: 32359213 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving therapy administered to millions of patients. However, it is associated with significant adverse effects, namely liver injury, risk of infections, and metabolic derangements. In this review, the underlying causes of TPN-associated adverse effects, specifically gut atrophy, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome, leakage of the epithelial barrier with bacterial invasion, and inflammation are first described. The role of the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor, of pleiotropic hormones, and growth factors is highlighted, and the mechanisms of insulin resistance, namely the lack of insulinotropic and insulinomimetic signaling of gut-originating incretins as well as the potentially toxicity of phytosterols and pro-inflammatory fatty acids mainly released from soybean oil-based lipid emulsions, are discussed. Finally, novel approaches in the design of next generation lipid delivery systems are proposed. Propositions include modifying the physicochemical properties of lipid emulsions, the use of lipid emulsions generated from sustainable oils with favorable ratios of anti-inflammatory n-3 to pro-inflammatory n-6 fatty acids, beneficial adjuncts to TPN, and concomitant pharmacotherapies to mitigate TPN-associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Gregory A Holtzhauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
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17
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Acute whole apple consumption did not influence postprandial lipaemia: a randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:807-817. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhole apples are a source of pectin and polyphenols, both of which show potential to modulate postprandial lipaemia (PPL). The present study aimed to explore the effects of whole apple consumption on PPL, as a risk factor for CVD, in generally healthy but overweight and obese adults. A randomised, crossover acute meal trial was conducted with seventeen women and nine men (mean BMI of 34·1 (sem0·2) kg/m2). Blood samples were collected for 6 h after participants consumed an oral fat tolerance test meal that provided 1 g fat/kg body weight and 1500 mg acetaminophen per meal for estimating gastric emptying, with and without three whole raw Gala apples (approximately 200 g). Plasma TAG (with peak postprandial concentration as the primary outcome), apoB48, chylomicron-rich fraction particle size and fatty acid composition, glucose, insulin and acetaminophen were analysed. Differences between with and without apples were identified by ANCOVA. Apple consumption did not alter postprandial TAG response, chylomicron properties, glucose or acetaminophen (P> 0·05), but did lead to a higher apoB48 peak concentration and exaggerated insulin between 20 and 180 min (P< 0·05). Overall, as a complex food matrix, apples did not modulate postprandial TAG when consumed with a high-fat meal in overweight and obese adults, but did stimulate insulin secretion, potentially contributing to an increased TAG-rich lipoprotein production.
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18
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Sehl A, Couëdelo L, Vaysse C, Cansell M. Intestinal bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influenced by the supramolecular form of phospholipids. Food Funct 2020; 11:1721-1728. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at studying the bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids carried by marine phospholipids, formulated in different supramolecular forms,i.e.oil-in-water emulsion and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sehl
- ITERG
- Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department
- 33610 Canéjan
- France
- Univ. Bordeaux
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG
- Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department
- 33610 Canéjan
- France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG
- Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department
- 33610 Canéjan
- France
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19
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Stahel P, Xiao C, Nahmias A, Lewis GF. Role of the Gut in Diabetic Dyslipidemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:116. [PMID: 32231641 PMCID: PMC7083132 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In insulin resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome, overproduction and impaired clearance of liver-derived very-low-density lipoproteins and gut-derived chylomicrons (CMs) contribute to hypertriglyceridemia and elevated atherogenic remnant lipoproteins. Although ingested fat is the major stimulus of CM secretion, intestinal lipid handling and ultimately CM secretory rate is determined by numerous additional regulatory inputs including nutrients, hormones and neural signals that fine tune CM secretion during fasted and fed states. Insulin resistance and T2D represent perturbed metabolic states in which intestinal sensitivity to key regulatory hormones such as insulin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may be altered, contributing to increased CM secretion. In this review, we describe the evidence from human and animal models demonstrating increased CM secretion in insulin resistance and T2D and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Several novel compounds are in various stages of preclinical and clinical investigation to modulate intestinal CM synthesis and secretion. Their efficacy, safety and therapeutic utility are discussed. Similarly, the effects of currently approved lipid modulating therapies such as statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors on intestinal CM production are discussed. The intricacies of intestinal CM production are an active area of research that may yield novel therapies to prevent atherosclerotic CVD in insulin resistance and T2D.
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20
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Robert C, Couëdelo L, Vaysse C, Michalski MC. Vegetable lecithins: A review of their compositional diversity, impact on lipid metabolism and potential in cardiometabolic disease prevention. Biochimie 2019; 169:121-132. [PMID: 31786232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable lecithins, widely used in the food industry as emulsifiers, are a mixture of naturally occurring lipids containing more than 50% of phospholipids (PL). PL exert numerous important physiological effects. Their amphiphilic nature notably enables them to stabilise endogenous lipid droplets, conferring them an important role in lipoprotein transport, functionality and metabolism. In addition, beneficial effects of dietary lecithin on metabolic disorders have been reported since the 1990s. This review attempts to summarize the effects of various vegetable lecithins on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, as well as their potential application in the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with metabolic disorders. Despite controversial data concerning the impact of vegetable lecithins on lipid digestion and intestinal absorption, the beneficial effect of lecithin supplementation on plasma and hepatic lipoprotein and cholesterol levels is unequivocal. This is especially true in hyperlipidemic patients. Furthermore, the immense compositional diversity of vegetable lecithins endows them with a vast range of biochemical and biological properties, which remain to be explored in detail. Data on the effects of vegetable lecithins alternative to soybean, both as supplements and as ingredients in different foods, is undoubtedly lacking. Given the exponential demand for vegetable products alternative to those of animal origin, it is of primordial importance that future research is undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which individual fatty acids and PL from various vegetable lecithins modulate lipid metabolism. The extent to which they may influence parameters associated with metabolic disorders, such as intestinal integrity, low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota must also be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Robert
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France; ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, Canéjan, France
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, Canéjan, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, Canéjan, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France.
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21
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Wang T, Luo Y. Biological fate of ingested lipid-based nanoparticles: current understanding and future directions. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11048-11063. [PMID: 31149694 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, lipid-based nanoparticles (LN) have received considerable attention as nanoscale delivery systems to improve oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed bioactive compounds for health promotion and disease prevention. However, scientific studies on the biological fate of orally administered LN are very limited and the molecular mechanisms by which they are absorbed through the intestinal lumen into the circulation remain unclear. This paper aims to provide an overview of the biological fate of orally administered LN by reviewing recent studies on both cell and animal models. In general, the biological fate of ingested LN in the gastrointestinal tract is primarily determined by their initial physicochemical characteristics (such as the particle size, surface properties, composition and structure), and their absorption mainly occurs within the small intestine. In particular, depending upon the composition, LN can be either digestible or indigestible, with two distinct biological fates for each type of LN. The detailed absorption mechanisms and uptake pathways at molecular, cellular and whole body levels for each type of LN are discussed in detail. Limitations of current research and our vision for future directions to study the biological fate of ingested LN are also provided in this critical review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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22
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Bao YK, Ganesan VC, Jiang W, Lin L, Brown NR, Steigerwalt KE, Yu AZ. Muscle relaxant induced pancreatitis leading to hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Oxf Med Case Reports 2019; 2019:omz012. [PMID: 30949350 PMCID: PMC6440256 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed in the United States but may have deleterious side effects that are unrecognized by physicians. Here, we report a 55-year-old Caucasian man who developed pancreatitis and a subsequent hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state after being prescribed tizanidine. The patient had untreated hypertriglyceridemia, unbeknownst to the prescribing physician. While hypertriglyceridemia is a widely understood risk factor for pancreatitis, its incidence with tizanidine is not. As an alpha-2 agonist, tizanidine slows gastrointestinal motility by inhibiting gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction, which could lead to ileus which occurred in this patient. Alpha-2 agonists further contract the hepato-pancreatic sphincter, which may result in obstruction of pancreatic enzyme flow via the pancreatic duct. This patient’s case of pancreatitis was precipitated by 2 factors: (i) his use of tizanidine and (ii) hypertriglyceridemia. This case demonstrates that patients presenting with severe hypertriglyceridemia, or other potential risk factors for pancreatitis, should not be prescribed tizanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng K Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Vishwanath C Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Winston Jiang
- Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, USA
| | - Lydia Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Norwood R Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Kristy E Steigerwalt
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Amy Z Yu
- Little Rock Diagnostic Clinic, CHI St. Vincent, Little Rock, USA
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23
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Kupreeva M, Diane A, Lehner R, Watts R, Ghosh M, Proctor S, Vine D. Effect of metformin and flutamide on insulin, lipogenic and androgen-estrogen signaling, and cardiometabolic risk in a PCOS-prone metabolic syndrome rodent model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E16-E33. [PMID: 30153063 PMCID: PMC6417686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is highly associated with cardiometabolic risk and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), predisposing women to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Metformin is commonly used to treat insulin resistance-glucose intolerance, and flutamide, an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, is used to target hyperandrogenemia and dyslipidemia. Currently, the physiological mechanism of action of these treatments on androgen, lipidogenic, and insulin signaling pathways remains unclear in PCOS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of metformin and flutamide on plasma lipid-apolipoprotein (Apo)B-lipoprotein and insulin-glucose metabolism, and endocrine-reproductive indices in a PCOS-prone MetS rodent model. PCOS-prone rodents were treated with metformin (300 mg/kg body wt), flutamide (30 mg/kg body wt), or metformin + flutamide combination treatment for 6 wk. Metformin was shown to improve fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, whereas flutamide and combination treatment were shown to reduce plasma triglycerides, ApoB48, and ApoB100, and this was associated with decreased intestinal secretion of ApoB48/triglyceride. Flutamide and metformin were shown to reduce plasma androgen indices and to improve ovarian primary and preovulatory follicle frequency. Metformin treatment increased hepatic estrogen receptor (ER)α, and metformin-flutamide decreased intestinal AR and increased ERα mRNA expression. Metformin-flutamide treatment upregulated hepatic and intestinal insulin signaling, including insulin receptor, MAPK1, and AKT2. In conclusion, cardiometabolic risk factors, in particular ApoB-hypertriglyceridemia, are independently modulated via the AR, and understanding the contribution of AR and insulin-signaling pathways further may facilitate the development of targeted interventions in high-risk women with PCOS and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kupreeva
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A. Diane
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R. Lehner
- Group on Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R. Watts
- Group on Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. Ghosh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Group on Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Group on Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Maresch LK, Benedikt P, Feiler U, Eder S, Zierler KA, Taschler U, Kolleritsch S, Eichmann TO, Schoiswohl G, Leopold C, Wieser BI, Lackner C, Rülicke T, van Klinken J, Kratky D, Moustafa T, Hoefler G, Haemmerle G. Intestine-Specific Overexpression of Carboxylesterase 2c Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Liver Steatosis and Obesity. Hepatol Commun 2018; 3:227-245. [PMID: 30766961 PMCID: PMC6357831 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine hepatic carboxylesterase 2c (Ces2c) and the presumed human ortholog carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) have been implicated in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice and obese humans. These studies demonstrated that Ces2c hydrolyzes triglycerides (TGs) in hepatocytes. Interestingly, Ces2c/CES2 is most abundantly expressed in the intestine, indicating a role of Ces2c/CES2 in intestinal TG metabolism. Here we show that Ces2c is an important enzyme in intestinal lipid metabolism in mice. Intestine-specific Ces2c overexpression (Ces2cint) provoked increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the small intestine accompanied by enhanced chylomicron clearance from the circulation. As a consequence, high-fat diet-fed Ces2cint mice were resistant to excessive diet-induced weight gain and adipose tissue expansion. Notably, intestinal Ces2c overexpression increased hepatic insulin sensitivity and protected mice from NAFLD development. Although lipid absorption was not affected in Ces2cint mice, fecal energy content was significantly increased. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Ces2c is a potent neutral lipase, which efficiently hydrolyzes TGs and diglycerides (DGs) in the small intestine, thereby generating fatty acids (FAs) for FAO and monoglycerides (MGs) and DGs for potential re-esterification. Consequently, the increased availability of MGs and DGs for re-esterification and primordial apolipoprotein B48 particle lipidation may increase chylomicron size, ultimately mediating more efficient chylomicron clearance from the circulation. Conclusion: This study suggests a critical role for Ces2c in intestinal lipid metabolism and highlights the importance of intestinal lipolysis to protect mice from the development of hepatic insulin resistance, NAFLD, and excessive diet-induced weight gain during metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Benedikt
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Ursula Feiler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Sandra Eder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz Graz Austria
| | | | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz Graz Austria
| | | | | | | | - Christina Leopold
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Beatrix I Wieser
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Caroline Lackner
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science University of Veterinary Medicine Wien Austria
| | - Jan van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Tarek Moustafa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical University Graz Graz Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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25
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Bjørnshave A, Holst JJ, Hermansen K. A pre-meal of whey proteins induces differential effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised cross-over trial. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:755-764. [PMID: 29626232 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postprandial lipaemia (PPL), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is affected by composition and timing of meals. We evaluated if whey proteins (WP) consumed as a pre-meal before a fat-rich meal reduce postprandial triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48) responses in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MeS). METHODS An acute, randomised, cross-over trial was conducted. 20 subjects with MeS consumed a pre-meal of 0, 10 or 20 g WP 15 min prior to a fat-rich meal. The responses of TG and ApoB-48 were assessed. We also analysed postprandial responses of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and paracetamol (reflecting gastric emptying rates). RESULTS WP pre-meal did not alter the TG or ApoB-48 responses. In contrast, the insulin response was more pronounced after a pre-meal of 20 g WP than with 10 g WP (P = 0.0005) and placebo (P < 0.0001). Likewise, the postprandial glucagon response was greater with a pre-meal of 20 g WP than with 10 g WP (P < 0.0001) and 0 g WP (P < 0.0001). A pre-meal with 20 g of WP generated lower glucose (P = 0.0148) and S-paracetamol responses (P = 0.0003) and a higher GLP-1 response (P = 0.0086) than placebo. However, the pre-meal did not influence responses of GIP, FFA or appetite assessed by a Visual Analog Scale. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a WP pre-meal prior to a fat-rich meal did not affect TG and chylomicron responses. In contrast, the WP pre-meal stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion and reduces blood glucose as expected, and delays gastric emptying. Consequently, our study points to a differential impact of a WP pre-meal on lipid and glucose metabolism to a fat-rich meal in subjects with MeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Bjørnshave
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Danish Diabetes Academy, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Centre for Basic Metabolic Research and The Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, København N, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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26
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Lipidic Overload (Ice Cream) Does Not Change Parameters of Coagulation and Blood Viscosity. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:444-446. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Jattan J, Rodia C, Li D, Diakhate A, Dong H, Bataille A, Shroyer NF, Kohan AB. Using primary murine intestinal enteroids to study dietary TAG absorption, lipoprotein synthesis, and the role of apoC-III in the intestine. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:853-865. [PMID: 28159868 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial report in 2009, the intestinal enteroid culture system has been a powerful tool used to study stem cell biology and development in the gastrointestinal tract. However, a major question is whether enteroids retain intestinal function and physiology. There have been significant contributions describing ion transport physiology of human intestinal organoid cultures, as well as physiology of gastric organoids, but critical studies on dietary fat absorption and chylomicron synthesis in primary intestinal enteroids have not been undertaken. Here we report that primary murine enteroid cultures recapitulate in vivo intestinal lipoprotein synthesis and secretion, and reflect key aspects of the physiology of intact intestine in regard to dietary fat absorption. We also show that enteroids can be used to elucidate intestinal mechanisms behind CVD risk factors, including tissue-specific apolipoprotein functions. Using enteroids, we show that intestinal apoC-III overexpression results in the secretion of smaller, less dense chylomicron particles along with reduced triacylglycerol secretion from the intestine. This model significantly expands our ability to test how specific genes or genetic polymorphisms function in dietary fat absorption and the precise intestinal mechanisms that are critical in the etiology of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Jattan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Cayla Rodia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Diana Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Adama Diakhate
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Hongli Dong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Amy Bataille
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alison B Kohan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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28
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Wang T, Wang X, Wang X. Effects of Lipid Structure Changed by Interesterification on Melting Property and Lipemia. Lipids 2016; 51:1115-1126. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Sachdev V, Leopold C, Bauer R, Patankar JV, Iqbal J, Obrowsky S, Boverhof R, Doktorova M, Scheicher B, Goeritzer M, Kolb D, Turnbull AV, Zimmer A, Hoefler G, Hussain MM, Groen AK, Kratky D. Novel role of a triglyceride-synthesizing enzyme: DGAT1 at the crossroad between triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1132-1141. [PMID: 27344248 PMCID: PMC4948681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis. Here we show that genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 in mice alters cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol absorption, as assessed by acute cholesterol uptake, was significantly decreased in the small intestine and liver upon DGAT1 deficiency/inhibition. Ablation of DGAT1 in the intestine (I-DGAT1−/−) alone is sufficient to cause these effects. Consequences of I-DGAT1 deficiency phenocopy findings in whole-body DGAT1−/− and DGAT1 inhibitor-treated mice. We show that deficiency/inhibition of DGAT1 affects cholesterol metabolism via reduced chylomicron size and increased trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion. These effects are independent of cholesterol uptake at the apical surface of enterocytes but mediated through altered dietary fatty acid metabolism. Our findings provide insight into a novel role of DGAT1 and identify a pathway by which intestinal DGAT1 deficiency affects whole-body cholesterol homeostasis in mice. Targeting intestinal DGAT1 may represent a novel approach for treating hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sachdev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Leopold
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raimund Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jay V Patankar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 11203 New York, United States
| | - Sascha Obrowsky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Renze Boverhof
- Departments of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcela Doktorova
- Departments of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Scheicher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Madeleine Goeritzer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 11203 New York, United States
| | - Albert K Groen
- Departments of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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30
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Sané A, Seidman E, Spahis S, Lamantia V, Garofalo C, Montoudis A, Marcil V, Levy E. New Insights In Intestinal Sar1B GTPase Regulation and Role in Cholesterol Homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2270-82. [PMID: 25826777 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sar1B GTPase is a key component of Coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum to export newly synthesized proteins. The aims of this study were to determine whether Sar1B responds to lipid regulation and to evaluate its role in cholesterol (CHOL) homeostasis. The influence of lipids on Sar1B protein expression was analyzed in Caco-2/15 cells by Western blot. Our results showed that the presence of CHOL (200 μM) and oleic acid (0.5 mM), bound to albumin, increases Sar1B protein expression. Similarly, supplementation of the medium with micelles composed of taurocholate with monooleylglycerol or oleic acid also stimulated Sar1B expression, but the addition of CHOL (200 μM) to micelle content did not modify its regulation. On the other hand, overexpression of Sar1B impacted on CHOL transport and metabolism in view of the reduced cellular CHOL content along with elevated secretion when incubated with oleic acid-containing micelles for 24 h, thereby disclosing induced CHOL transport. This was accompanied with higher secretion of free- and esterified-CHOL within chylomicrons, which was not the case when oleic acid was replaced with monooleylglycerol or when albumin-bound CHOL was given alone. The aforementioned cellular CHOL depletion was accompanied with a low phosphorylated/non phosphorylated HMG-CoA reductase ratio, indicating elevated enzymatic activity. Combination of Sar1B overexpression with micelle incubation led to reduction in intestinal CHOL transporters (NPC1L1, SR-BI) and metabolic regulators (PCSK9 and LDLR). The present work showed that Sar1B is regulated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by dietary lipids, suggesting an adaptation to alimentary lipid flux. Our data also suggest that Sar1B overexpression contributes to regulation of CHOL transport and metabolism by facilitating rapid uptake and transport of CHOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Sané
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Ernest Seidman
- Research Institute, McGill University, Campus MGH, C10.148.6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1A8
| | - Valérie Lamantia
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Alain Montoudis
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.,Research Institute, McGill University, Campus MGH, C10.148.6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1A8
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31
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Abstract
Ageing is associated with a prolonged and exaggerated postprandial lipaemia. This study aimed to examine the contribution of alterations in chylomicron synthesis, size and lipid composition to increased lipaemia. Healthy older (60-75 years; n 15) and younger (20-25 years; n 15) subjects consumed a high-fat breakfast. Chylomicron dynamics and fatty acid composition were analysed for 5 h in the postprandial state. Plasma TAG levels were elevated following the meal in the older subjects, relative to younger subjects (P<0·01). For older subjects compared with younger subjects, circulating chylomicron particle size was smaller (P<0·05), with greater apoB content (P<0·05) at all postprandial time points. However, total chylomicron TAG concentration between the groups was unaltered post-meal. Compared with younger subjects, the older subjects exhibited a greater proportion of oleic acid in the TAG and phospholipid (PL) fraction (P<0·05), plus lower proportions of linoleic acid in the TAG fraction of the chylomicrons (P<0·01). Thus, following the ingestion of a high-fat meal, older individuals demonstrate both smaller, more numerous chylomicrons, with a greater total MUFA and lower PUFA contents. These data suggest that the increased postprandial lipaemia of ageing cannot be attributed to increased chylomicron TAG. Rather, ageing is associated with changes in chylomicron particle size, apoB content and fatty acid composition of the chylomicron TAG and PL fractions.
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32
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Buttet M, Poirier H, Traynard V, Gaire K, Tran TTT, Sundaresan S, Besnard P, Abumrad NA, Niot I. Deregulated Lipid Sensing by Intestinal CD36 in Diet-Induced Hyperinsulinemic Obese Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145626. [PMID: 26727015 PMCID: PMC4703141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) greatly increases risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and is generally associated with abnormally elevated postprandial triglyceride levels. We evaluated intestinal synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in a mouse model of the MetS obtained by feeding a palm oil-rich high fat diet (HFD). By contrast to control mice, MetS mice secreted two populations of TRL. If the smaller size population represented 44% of total particles in the beginning of intestinal lipid absorption in MetS mice, it accounted for only 17% after 4 h due to the secretion of larger size TRL. The MetS mice displayed accentuated postprandial hypertriglyceridemia up to 3 h due to a defective TRL clearance. These alterations reflected a delay in lipid induction of genes for key proteins of TRL formation (MTP, L-FABP) and blood clearance (ApoC2). These abnormalities associated with blunted lipid sensing by CD36, which is normally required to optimize jejunal formation of large TRL. In MetS mice CD36 was not downregulated by lipid in contrast to control mice. Treatment of controls with the proteosomal inhibitor MG132, which prevented CD36 downregulation, resulted in blunted lipid-induction of MTP, L-FABP and ApoC2 gene expression, as in MetS mice. Absence of CD36 sensing was due to the hyperinsulinemia in MetS mice. Acute insulin treatment of controls before lipid administration abolished CD36 downregulation, lipid-induction of TRL genes and reduced postprandial triglycerides (TG), while streptozotocin-treatment of MetS mice restored lipid-induced CD36 degradation and TG secretion. In vitro, insulin treatment abolished CD36-mediated up-regulation of MTP in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, HFD treatment impairs TRL formation in early stage of lipid absorption via insulin-mediated inhibition of CD36 lipid sensing. This impairment results in production of smaller TRL that are cleared slowly from the circulation, which might contribute to the reported association of CD36 variants with MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Buttet
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Poirier
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Traynard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Kévin Gaire
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Thi Thu Trang Tran
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sinju Sundaresan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Philippe Besnard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Nada A. Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, and Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Niot
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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33
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Milan AM, Cameron-Smith D. Digestion and Postprandial Metabolism in the Elderly. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2015; 76:79-124. [PMID: 26602572 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The elderly are an increasing segment of the population. Despite the rapid gains in medical knowledge and treatments, older adults are more likely to experience chronic illnesses that decrease quality of life and accelerate mortality. Nutrition is a key modifiable lifestyle factor which greatly impacts chronic disease risk. Yet despite the importance of nutrition, relatively little is known of the impact of advancing age on the gastrointestinal function, the digestive responses, and the post-meal metabolic adaptations that occur in response to ingested food. Knowledge of the age-related differences in digestion and metabolism in the elderly is essential to the development of appropriate nutritional recommendations for the maintenance of optimal health and prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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34
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Lecomte M, Bourlieu C, Meugnier E, Penhoat A, Cheillan D, Pineau G, Loizon E, Trauchessec M, Claude M, Ménard O, Géloën A, Laugerette F, Michalski MC. Milk Polar Lipids Affect In Vitro Digestive Lipolysis and Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:1770-7. [PMID: 26136586 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polar lipid (PL) emulsifiers such as milk PLs (MPLs) may affect digestion and subsequent lipid metabolism, but focused studies on postprandial lipemia are lacking. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the impact of MPLs on postprandial lipemia in mice and on lipid digestion in vitro. METHODS Female Swiss mice were gavaged with 150 μL of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with 5.7 mg of either MPLs or soybean PLs (SPLs) and killed after 1, 2, or 4 h. Plasma lipids were quantified and in the small intestine, gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Emulsions were lipolyzed in vitro using a static human digestion model; triglyceride (TG) disappearance was followed by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS In mice, after 1 h, plasma TGs tended to be higher in the MPL group than in the SPL group (141 μg/mL vs. 90 μg/mL; P = 0.07) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were significantly higher (64 μg/mL vs. 44 μg/mL; P < 0.05). The opposite was observed after 4 h with lower TGs (21 μg/mL vs. 35 μg/mL; P < 0.01) and NEFAs (20 μg/mL vs. 32 μg/mL; P < 0.01) in the MPL group compared with the SPL group. This was associated at 4 h with a lower gene expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and Secretion Associated, Ras related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b), in the duodenum of MPL mice compared with SPL mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, during the intestinal phase, TGs were hydrolyzed more in the MPL emulsion than in the SPL emulsion (decremental AUCs were 1750%/min vs. 180%/min; P < 0.01). MPLs enhance lipid intestinal hydrolysis and promote more rapid intestinal lipid absorption and sharper kinetics of lipemia. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial lipemia in mice can be modulated by emulsifying with MPLs compared with SPLs, partly through differences in chylomicron assembly, and TG hydrolysis rate as observed in vitro. MPLs may thereby contribute to the long-term regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lecomte
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Cheillan
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Gaëlle Pineau
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Michèle Trauchessec
- Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Claude
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Olivia Ménard
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
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Xia L, Fan C, Dong H, Wang C, Lu Y, Deckelbaum RJ, Qi K. Particle size determines effects of lipoprotein lipase on the catabolism of n-3 triglyceride-rich particles. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:767-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Couëdelo L, Amara S, Lecomte M, Meugnier E, Monteil J, Fonseca L, Pineau G, Cansell M, Carrière F, Michalski MC, Vaysse C. Impact of various emulsifiers on ALA bioavailability and chylomicron synthesis through changes in gastrointestinal lipolysis. Food Funct 2015; 6:1726-35. [PMID: 25923344 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Formulating healthy food rich in omega 3 fatty acids requires prior knowledge of the parameters influencing their bioavailability and their metabolic fate. In this context, we studied the effects of various emulsifiers widely used in the food industry, on the gastrointestinal lipolysis of flaxseed oil emulsions in an in vitro model and on the intestinal absorption and lymphatic secretion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in rats. In vitro data showed that the emulsification of flaxseed oil with soya lecithin improved the gastric lipolysis of the oil (+30%), while the presence of Tween 80 or of sodium caseinate decreased it (-80% and -40%, respectively). The in vivo data demonstrated that the intestinal absorption and the lymphatic secretion of ALA were improved with soya lecithin (Cmax = 24 mg mL(-1)) and reduced in the presence of sodium caseinate (Cmax = 7 mg mL(-1)) compared to unemulsified flaxseed oil (Cmax = 16 mg mL(-1)); Tween 80 had no effect. In addition, the synthesized chylomicrons were notably larger and more numerous with soya lecithin whereas they were smaller in the presence of sodium caseinate (p < 0.05). This study shows that the intestinal bioavailability of ALA was increased by the emulsification of flaxseed oil with soya lecithin via an improved lipolysis, favouring the intestinal absorption of ALA and the secretion of many large chylomicrons in lymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Couëdelo
- ITERG-ENMS, Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Hijmans BS, Tiemann CA, Grefhorst A, Boesjes M, van Dijk TH, Tietge UJF, Kuipers F, van Riel NAW, Groen AK, Oosterveer MH. A systems biology approach reveals the physiological origin of hepatic steatosis induced by liver X receptor activation. FASEB J 2014; 29:1153-64. [PMID: 25477282 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-254656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists exert potent antiatherosclerotic actions but simultaneously induce excessive triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver. To obtain a detailed insight into the underlying mechanism of hepatic TG accumulation, we used a novel computational modeling approach called analysis of dynamic adaptations in parameter trajectories (ADAPT). We revealed that both input and output fluxes to hepatic TG content are considerably induced on LXR activation and that in the early phase of LXR agonism, hepatic steatosis results from only a minor imbalance between the two. It is generally believed that LXR-induced hepatic steatosis results from increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL). In contrast, ADAPT predicted that the hepatic influx of free fatty acids is the major contributor to hepatic TG accumulation in the early phase of LXR activation. Qualitative validation of this prediction showed a 5-fold increase in the contribution of plasma palmitate to hepatic monounsaturated fatty acids on acute LXR activation, whereas DNL was not yet significantly increased. This study illustrates that complex effects of pharmacological intervention can be translated into distinct patterns of metabolic regulation through state-of-the-art mathematical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda S Hijmans
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A Tiemann
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Boesjes
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Departments of *Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Groningen Centre for Systems Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shojaee-Moradie F, Ma Y, Lou S, Hovorka R, Umpleby AM. Prandial hypertriglyceridemia in metabolic syndrome is due to an overproduction of both chylomicron and VLDL triacylglycerol. Diabetes 2013; 62:4063-9. [PMID: 23990358 PMCID: PMC3837057 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine whether fed VLDL and chylomicron (CM) triacylglycerol (TAG) production rates are elevated in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Eight men with MetS (BMI 29.7 ± 1.1) and eight lean age-matched healthy men (BMI 23.1 ± 0.4) were studied using a frequent feeding protocol. After 4 h of feeding, an intravenous bolus of (2)H5-glycerol was administered to label VLDL1, VLDL2, and TAG. (13)C-glycerol tripalmitin was administered orally as an independent measure of CM TAG metabolism. Hepatic and intestinal lipoproteins were separated by an immunoaffinity method. In MetS, fed TAG and the increment in TAG from fasting to feeding were higher (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively) than in lean men. Fed CM, VLDL1, and VLDL2 TAG pool sizes were higher (P = 0.006, P = 0.03, and P < 0.02, respectively), and CM, VLDL1, and VLDL2 TAG production rates were higher (P < 0.002, P < 0.05, and P = 0.06, respectively) than in lean men. VLDL1, VLDL2, and CM TAG clearance rates were not different between groups. In conclusion, prandial hypertriglyceridemia in men with MetS was due to an increased production rate of both VLDL and CM TAG. Since both groups received identical meals, this suggests that in MetS the intestine is synthesizing more TAG de novo for export in CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Shojaee-Moradie
- Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K
| | - Yuying Ma
- Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K
| | - Shaoying Lou
- Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K
| | - Roman Hovorka
- Diabetes Modelling Group, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - A. Margot Umpleby
- Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K
- Corresponding author: A. Margot Umpleby,
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Buttet M, Traynard V, Tran TTT, Besnard P, Poirier H, Niot I. From fatty-acid sensing to chylomicron synthesis: role of intestinal lipid-binding proteins. Biochimie 2013; 96:37-47. [PMID: 23958439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Today, it is well established that the development of obesity and associated diseases results, in part, from excessive lipid intake associated with a qualitative imbalance. Among the organs involved in lipid homeostasis, the small intestine is the least studied even though it determines lipid bioavailability and largely contributes to the regulation of postprandial hyperlipemia (triacylglycerols (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA)). Several Lipid-Binding Proteins (LBP) are expressed in the small intestine. Their supposed intestinal functions were initially based on what was reported in other tissues, and took no account of the physiological specificity of the small intestine. Progressively, the identification of regulating factors of intestinal LBP and the description of the phenotype of their deletion have provided new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in fat absorption. This review will discuss the physiological contribution of each LBP in the main steps of intestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA): uptake, trafficking and reassembly into chylomicrons (CM). Moreover, current data indicate that the small intestine is able to adapt its lipid absorption capacity to the fat content of the diet, especially through the coordinated induction of LBP. This adaptation requires the existence of a mechanism of intestinal lipid sensing. Emerging data suggest that the membrane LBP CD36 may operate as a lipid receptor that triggers an intracellular signal leading to the modulation of the expression of LBP involved in CM formation. This event could be the starting point for the optimized synthesis of large CM, which are efficiently degraded in blood. Better understanding of this intestinal lipid sensing might provide new approaches to decrease the prevalence of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Buttet
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie Team (NUTox), UMR U866 INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
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40
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Carboxylesterase1/Esterase-x regulates chylomicron production in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49515. [PMID: 23145182 PMCID: PMC3492262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations are commonly associated with obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fat contributes to this condition through the production of chylomicrons. Carboxylesterases have been mainly studied for their role in drug metabolism, but recently they have been shown to participate in lipid metabolism; however, their role in intestinal lipid metabolism is unknown. Carboxylesterase1/esterase-x (Ces1/Es-x) deficient mice become obese, hyperlipidemic and develop hepatic steatosis even on standard chow diet. Here, we aimed to explore the role of Ces1/Es-x in intestinal lipid metabolism. Six-month old wild-type and Ces1/Es-x deficient mice were maintained on chow diet and intestinal lipid metabolism and plasma chylomicron clearance were analyzed. Along the intestine Ces1/Es-x protein is expressed only in proximal jejunum. Ablation of Ces1/Es-x expression results in postprandial hyperlipidemia due to increased secretion of chylomicrons. The secreted chylomicrons have aberrant protein composition, which results in their reduced clearance. In conclusion, Ces1/Es-x participates in the regulation of chylomicron assembly and secretion. Ces1/Es-x might act as a lipid sensor in enterocytes regulating chylomicron secretion rate. Ces1/Es-x might represent an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of lipid abnormalities associated with obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
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41
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Kohan AB, Howles PN, Tso P. Methods for studying rodent intestinal lipoprotein production and metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:219-230. [PMID: 23024926 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo120049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lipid absorption begins with the digestion of dietary triacylglycerol and ultimately results in the secretion of triacylglycerol in chylomicrons into the lymphatics. Additionally, the intestine also secretes numerous proteins and peptides involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in response to food. Ultimately, chylomicrons and these proteins, peptides, and hormones are found in lymph. The lymph fistula rat model has traditionally been used to study this intestinal absorption of nutrients, especially lipids, but recently, this model has also been used for studying the secretion of hormones by the small intestine. The protocols described in this article include the lymph fistula rat and mouse model, as well as in vivo chylomicron metabolism studies. These experimental models are helpful for the study of metabolic phenotypes, the characterization of intestinal lipid absorption and transport, and determining peripheral metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Kohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237
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42
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Kohan AB, Wang F, Li X, Bradshaw S, Yang Q, Caldwell JL, Bullock TM, Tso P. Apolipoprotein A-IV regulates chylomicron metabolism-mechanism and function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G628-36. [PMID: 22207575 PMCID: PMC3311309 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00225.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fat is an important mediator of atherosclerosis and obesity. Despite its importance in mediating metabolic disease, there is still much unknown about dietary fat absorption in the intestine and especially the detailed biological roles of intestinal apolipoproteins involved in that process. We were specifically interested in determining the physiological role of the intestinal apolipoprotein A-IV (A-IV) using A-IV knockout (KO) mice. A-IV is stimulated by fat absorption in the intestine and is secreted on nascent chylomicrons into intestinal lymph. We found that A-IV KO mice had reduced plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels and that this hypolipidemia persisted on a high-fat diet. A-IV KO did not cause abnormal intestinal lipid absorption, food intake, or adiposity. Additionally, A-IV KO did not cause abnormal liver TG and cholesterol metabolism, as assessed by measuring hepatic lipid content, lipogenic and cholesterol synthetic gene expression, and in vivo VLDL secretion. Instead, A-IV KO resulted in the secretion of larger chylomicrons from the intestine into the lymph, and those chylomicrons were cleared from the plasma more slowly than wild-type chylomicrons. These data suggest that A-IV has a previously unknown role in mediating the metabolism of chylomicrons, and therefore may be important in regulating plasma lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B. Kohan
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
| | - Fei Wang
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
| | - Xiaoming Li
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
| | - Suzanne Bradshaw
- 2Department of Biology, University of Cincinnati, Blue Ash College, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Qing Yang
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
| | - Jody L. Caldwell
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
| | - Tera M. Bullock
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
| | - Patrick Tso
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati; and
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Niot I, Poirier H, Tran TTT, Besnard P. Intestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids: evidence and uncertainties. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 48:101-15. [PMID: 19280719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the two last decades, cloning of proteins responsible for trafficking and metabolic fate of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in gut has provided new insights on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in fat absorption. To this systematic cloning period, functional genomics has succeeded in providing a new set of surprises. Disruption of several genes, thought to play a crucial role in LCFA absorption, did not lead to clear phenotypes. This observation raises the question of the real physiological role of lipid-binding proteins and lipid-metabolizing enzymes expressed in enterocytes. The goal of this review is to analyze present knowledge concerning the main steps of intestinal fat absorption from LCFA uptake to lipoprotein release and to assess their impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niot
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR Inserm U866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne, 1, Esplanade Erasme, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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Redgrave TG. Chylomicrons in disease-future challenges. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008; 9:3-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Cheng Y, Hauton D. Cold acclimation induces physiological cardiac hypertrophy and increases assimilation of triacylglycerol metabolism through lipoprotein lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:618-26. [PMID: 18722549 PMCID: PMC2568868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of triacylglycerol to energy provision in the hypertrophied heart, mediated through lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is largely unknown and the contribution of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor to control of LPL presentation at the endothelium is unclear. For isolated perfused rat hearts, cold acclimation (CA) induced volume-overload hypertrophy, with decreased developed pressure (P < 0.01), increased end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle (P < 0.001) and a loss of contractile reserve in response to dobutamine challenge (P < 0.01). Oleate utilisation by perfused hearts was unchanged by CA, however uptake of intralipid emulsion increased 3-fold (P < 0.01). CA increased the proportion of lipid deposited in tissue lipids from 10% in euthermic controls to 40% (P < 0.01) although the overall contribution of individual lipid classes was unaffected. Cold acclimation significantly increased heparin-releasable LPL (P < 0.05) and tissue residual LPL (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis indicated preserved expression of proteins coding for SERCA2, muscle-CPT1 and VLDL-receptor following CA, while AMPKα2 and phospho-AMPKα2 were unaffected. These observations indicate that for physiological hypertrophy AMPK phosphorylation does not mediate the enhanced translocation of LPL to cardiac endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G, Durazzo M, Musso G. Polymorphism in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein: a link between liver disease and atherogenic postprandial lipid profile in NASH? Hepatology 2007; 45:1097-107. [PMID: 17464986 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, but mechanism(s) linking fatty liver to atherosclerosis are unknown. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) -493 G/T polymorphism modulates circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels in different subsets and has been linked to NAFLD. The impact of MTP -493 G/T polymorphism, adipokines, and diet on postprandial lipoprotein profile and liver disease was assessed in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Plasma lipids, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein subfractions, high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) after an oral fat load were cross-sectionally correlated to MTP -493 G/T polymorphism, dietary habits, adipokines, and liver histology in 29 nonobese nondiabetic patients with NASH and 27 healthy controls. The severity of liver histology, the magnitude of triglycerides (Tg), free fatty acid (FFA), and LDL-conjugated diene responses, and the fall in HDL-C and apoA1 were significantly higher in NASH G/G (66% of patients) than in the other genotypes, despite similar adipokine profile and degree of insulin resistance. Postprandial large intestinal very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfraction A increases independently predicted Tg (beta=0.48; P=.008), FFA (beta=0.47; P=0.010), HDL-C (beta=0.42; P=0.009), and LDL-conjugated diene (beta=0.52; P=0.002) responses. VLDL A apoB48 response was independently associated with liver steatosis (OR: 2.4; CI 1.7-9.6; P=0.031). Postprandial LDL-conjugated diene response predicted severe necroinflammation (OR: 3.3; CI 1.4-9.7; P=0.016) and fibrosis (OR: 2.8; CI 1.0-8,5; P=0.030); postprandial apoA1 fall predicts severe fibrosis (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.5-6.1; P=0.015). CONCLUSION MTP -493 G/T polymorphism may impact NASH by modulating postprandial lipemia and lipoprotein metabolism; homozygous GG carriers have a more atherogenic postprandial lipid profile than the other genotypes, independently of adipokines and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, and Gradenigo Hospital, Italy
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47
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Petit V, Niot I, Poirier H, Besnard P. Absorption intestinale des acides gras: faits et incertitudes. NUTR CLIN METAB 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Holm R, Porsgaard T, Porter CJH, Høy CE, Edwards GA, Müllertz A, Kristensen HG, Charman WN. Lymphatic fatty acids in canines dosed with pharmaceutical formulations containing structured triacylglycerols. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Daher CF, Slaiby R, Haddad N, Boustany K, Baroody GM. Effect of acute and chronic moderate red or white wine consumption on fasted and postprandial lipemia in the rat. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2006; 69:1117-31. [PMID: 16728375 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500362279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acute and chronic (10 wk) red or white wine consumption on fasted and postprandial lipemia in the rat model are reported. Fasted rats, in the acute study, were loaded intragastrically with 5 ml of an olive oil emulsion (30% w/v) in the presence or absence of wine (8% v/v ethanol), and either mesenteric lymph or blood was collected 3 h postprandially. Animals in the chronic study received either red or white wine in drinking water for a period of 10 wk (3% v/v ethanol). Blood samples were collected from animals in either the fasted state or after fat-wine loading. Postprandially, wine delayed gastric emptying, reduced lymph triacylglycerol (TAG) secretion concomitantly with increased number and decreased chylomicron (CM) size, and increased plasma TAG and CM concentrations. Phospholipid and cholesterol contents of CM, but not very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), were increased, indicating enhanced liver bile secretion; however, a significant increase in plasma VLDL concentration was observed. In the chronic study, a wine-fat load resulted in increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and less pronounced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperchylomicronemia. In the fasted state, plasma TAG and total apolipoprotein B concentrations were not modified in these animals, and an increase in HDL and a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/HDL cholesterol ratios were observed. No liver function or intestinal lipid absorption impairment was observed. In conclusion, unlike binge drinking, chronic moderate wine consumption appears to have a cardioprotective effect in the fasted state, an effect attenuated by the observed temporary postprandial hyperchylomicronemia and hypertriglyceridemia resulting from a direct effect of alcohol on CM size and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantine F Daher
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Division, Biology Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Werner A, Havinga R, Perton F, Kuipers F, Verkade HJ. Lymphatic chylomicron size is inversely related to biliary phospholipid secretion in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G1177-85. [PMID: 16384875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00127.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biliary phospholipids (PL) stimulate dietary fat absorption by facilitating intraluminal lipid solubilization and by providing surface components for chylomicron (CM) assembly. Impaired hepatic PL availability induces secretion of large very-low-density lipoproteins, but it is unclear whether CM size depends on biliary PL availability. Biliary PL secretion is absent in multidrug resistance protein 2-deficient (Mdr2(-/-)) mice, whereas it is strongly increased in essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient mice. We investigated lymphatic CM size and composition in mice with absent (Mdr2(-/-)) or enhanced (EFA deficient) biliary PL secretion and in their respective controls under basal conditions and during enteral lipid administration. EFA deficiency was induced by feeding mice a high-fat, EFA-deficient diet for 8 wk. Lymph was collected by mesenteric lymph duct cannulation with or without intraduodenal lipid administration. Lymph was collected in 30-min fractions for up to 4 h, and lymphatic lipoprotein size was determined by dynamic light-scattering techniques. Lymph lipoprotein subfractions were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and lipid composition was measured. Lymphatic CMs were significantly larger in Mdr2(-/-) mice than in Mdr2(+/+) controls either without (+50%) or with (+25%) enteral lipid administration, and molar core-surface ratios were increased [triglyceride (TG)-to-PL ratio: 4.4 +/- 1.4 in Mdr2(-/-) mice vs. 2.7 +/- 0.8 in Mdr2(+/+) mice, P < 0.001]. In contrast, EFA-deficient mice secreted lipoproteins into lymph that were significantly smaller than in EFA-sufficient controls (173 +/- 32 vs. 236 +/- 47 nm), with correspondingly decreased core-surface ratios (TG-to-PL ratio: 3.0 +/- 1.0 in EFA-deficient mice vs. 6.0 +/- 1.9 in EFA-sufficient mice, P < 0.001). CM size increased during fat absorption in both EFA-deficient and EFA-sufficient mice, but the difference between the groups persisted. In conclusion, the present results strongly suggest that the availability of biliary PL is a major determinant of the size of intestinally produced lipoproteins both under basal conditions and during lipid absorption. Altered CM size may have physiological consequences for postprandial CM processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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