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Naysmith LF, Kumari V, Williams SCR. Neural mapping of prepulse-induced startle reflex modulation as indices of sensory information processing in healthy and clinical populations: A systematic review. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5495-5518. [PMID: 34414633 PMCID: PMC8519869 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Startle reflex is modulated when a weaker sensory stimulus ("prepulse") precedes a startling stimulus ("pulse"). Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex (prepulse precedes pulse by 30-500 ms), whereas Prepulse Facilitation (PPF) is the enhancement of the startle reflex (prepulse precedes pulse by 500-6000 ms). Here, we critically appraise human studies using functional neuroimaging to establish brain regions associated with PPI and PPF. Of 10 studies, nine studies revealed thalamic, striatal and frontal lobe activation during PPI in healthy groups, and activation deficits in the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry in schizophrenia (three studies) and Tourette Syndrome (two studies). One study revealed a shared network for PPI and PPF in frontal regions and cerebellum, with PPF networks recruiting superior medial gyrus and cingulate cortex. The main gaps in the literature are (i) limited PPF research and whether PPI and PPF operate on separate/shared networks, (ii) no data on sex differences in neural underpinnings of PPI and PPF, and (iii) no data on neural underpinnings of PPI and PPF in other clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Naysmith
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of HealthMedicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University LondonUK
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Josef-Golubić S. Triple model of auditory sensory processing: a novel gating stream directly links primary auditory areas to executive prefrontal cortex. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:721-728. [PMID: 34285443 PMCID: PMC8253058 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.04.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The generally accepted model of sensory processing of visual and auditory stimuli assumes two major parallel processing streams, ventral and dorsal, which comprise functionally and anatomically distinct but interacting processes in which the ventral stream supports stimulus identification, and the dorsal stream is involved in recognizing the stimulus spatial location and sensori-motor integration functions. However, recent studies suggest the existence of a third, very fast sensory processing pathway, a gating stream that directly links the primary auditory cortices to the executive prefrontal cortex within the first 50 milliseconds after presentation of a stimulus, bypassing hierarchical structure of the ventral and dorsal pathways. Gating stream propagates the sensory gating phenomenon, which serves as a basic protective mechanism preventing irrelevant, repeated information from recurrent sensory processing. The goal of the present paper is to introduce the novel 'three-stream' model of auditory processing, including the new fast sensory processing stream, i.e. gating stream, alongside the well-affirmed dorsal and ventral sensory processing pathways. The impairments in sensory processing along the gating stream have been found to be strongly involved in the pathophysiological sensory processing in Alzheimer's disease and could be the underlying issue in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases that are linked to the pathological sensory gating inhibition, such as schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Josef-Golubić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Gault JM, Thompson JA, Maharajh K, Hosokawa P, Stevens KE, Olincy A, Liedtke EI, Ojemann A, Ojemann S, Abosch A. Striatal and Thalamic Auditory Response During Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor: Implications for Psychosis. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:478-488. [PMID: 32022409 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The P50, a positive auditory-evoked potential occurring 50 msec after an auditory click, has been characterized extensively with electroencephalography (EEG) to detect aberrant auditory electrophysiology in disorders like schizophrenia (SZ) where 61-74% have an auditory gating deficit. The P50 response occurs in primary auditory cortex and several thalamocortical regions. In rodents, the gated P50 response has been identified in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RT)-a deep brain structure traversed during deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus to treat essential tremor (ET) allowing for interspecies comparison. The goal was to utilize the unique opportunity provided by DBS surgery for ET to map the P50 response in multiple deep brain structures in order to determine the utility of intraoperative P50 detection for facilitating DBS targeting of auditory responsive subterritories. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a method to assess P50 response intraoperatively with local field potentials (LFP) using microelectrode recording during routine clinical electrophysiologic mapping for awake DBS surgery in seven ET patients. Recording sites were mapped into a common stereotactic space. RESULTS Forty significant P50 responses of 155 recordings mapped to the ventral thalamus, RT and CN head/body interface at similar rates of 22.7-26.7%. P50 response exhibited anatomic specificity based on distinct positions of centroids of positive and negative responses within brain regions and the fact that P50 response was not identified in the recordings from either the internal capsule or the dorsal thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Detection of P50 response intraoperatively may guide DBS targeting RT and subterritories within CN head/body interface-DBS targets with the potential to treat psychosis and shown to modulate schizophrenia-like aberrancies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Gault
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keeran Maharajh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Patrick Hosokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karen E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erin I Liedtke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex Ojemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven Ojemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aviva Abosch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Golubic SJ, Jurasic MJ, Susac A, Huonker R, Gotz T, Haueisen J. Attention modulates topology and dynamics of auditory sensory gating. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2981-2994. [PMID: 30882981 PMCID: PMC6865797 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work challenges the widely accepted model of sensory gating as a preattention inhibitory process by investigating whether attention directed at the second tone (S2) within a paired-click paradigm could affect gating at the cortical level. We utilized magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and spatio-temporal source localization to compare the cortical dynamics underlying gating responses across two conditions (passive and attention) in 19 healthy subjects. Source localization results reaffirmed the existence of a fast processing pathway between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) that underlies the auditory gating process. STG source dynamics comprised two gating sub-components, Mb1 and Mb2, both of which showed significant gating suppression (>51%). The attention directed to the S2 tone changed the gating network topology by switching the prefrontal generator from a dorsolateral location, which was active in the passive condition (18/19), to a medial location, active in the attention condition (19/19). Enhanced responses to the attended stimulus caused a significant reduction in gating suppression in both STG gating components (>50%). Our results demonstrate that attention not only modulates sensory gating dynamics, but also exerts topological rerouting of information processing within the PFC. The present data, suggesting that the cortical levels of early sensory processing are subject to top-down influences, change the current view of gating as a purely automatic bottom-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Susac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and ComputingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ralph Huonker
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Theresa Gotz
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University IlmenauIlmenauGermany
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Garcia-Rill E, Saper CB, Rye DB, Kofler M, Nonnekes J, Lozano A, Valls-Solé J, Hallett M. Focus on the pedunculopontine nucleus. Consensus review from the May 2018 brainstem society meeting in Washington, DC, USA. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:925-940. [PMID: 30981899 PMCID: PMC7365492 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the mesopontine tegmentum and is best delimited by a group of large cholinergic neurons adjacent to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. This part of the brain, populated by many other neuronal groups, is a crossroads for many important functions. Good evidence relates the PPN to control of reflex reactions, sleep-wake cycles, posture and gait. However, the precise role of the PPN in all these functions has been controversial and there still are uncertainties in the functional anatomy and physiology of the nucleus. It is difficult to grasp the extent of the influence of the PPN, not only because of its varied functions and projections, but also because of the controversies arising from them. One controversy is its relationship to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). In this regard, the PPN has become a new target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of parkinsonian gait disorders, including freezing of gait. This review is intended to indicate what is currently known, shed some light on the controversies that have arisen, and to provide a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - C B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Rye
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - J Nonnekes
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto and Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Valls-Solé
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tillman GD, Spence JS, Briggs RW, Haley RW, Hart J, Kraut MA. Gulf War illness associated with abnormal auditory P1 event-related potential: Evidence of impaired cholinergic processing replicated in a national sample. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:7-15. [PMID: 30453127 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Our team previously reported event-related potential (ERP) and hyperarousal patterns from a study of one construction battalion of the U.S. Naval Reserve who served during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. We sought to replicate these findings in a sample that was more representative of the entire Gulf War-era veteran population, including male and female participants from four branches of the military. We collected ERP data from 40 veterans meeting Haley criteria for Gulf War syndromes 1-3 and from 22 matched Gulf War veteran controls while they performed an auditory oddball task. Reports of hyperarousal from the ill veterans were significantly greater than those from the control veterans, and P1 amplitudes in Syndromes 2 and 3 were significantly higher than P1 amplitudes in Syndrome 1, replicating our previous findings. Many of the contributors to the generation of the P1 potential are also involved in the regulation of arousal and are modulated by cholinergic and dopaminergic systems-two systems whose dysfunction has been implicated in Gulf War illness. These differences among the three syndrome groups where their means were on either side of controls is a replication of our previous ERP study and is consistent with previous imaging studies of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Tillman
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Richard W Briggs
- Departments of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Robert W Haley
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John Hart
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas; Departments of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas; Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Datta S. Mysteries of pedunculopontine nucleus physiology: Towards a deeper understanding of arousal and neuropsychiatric disorders. Sleep Sci 2015; 8:53-5. [PMID: 26483944 PMCID: PMC4608880 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Gulberti A, Hamel W, Buhmann C, Boelmans K, Zittel S, Gerloff C, Westphal M, Engel A, Schneider T, Moll C. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation improves auditory sensory gating deficit in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:565-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Güven A, Altınkaynak M, Dolu N, Ünlühızarcı K. Advanced analysis of auditory evoked potentials in hyperthyroid patients: the effect of filtering. J Med Syst 2015; 39:13. [PMID: 25637540 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to evaluate Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPs) in patients with hyperthyroidism and to compare their frequency components with those of healthy subjects. In this study the AEPs in hyperthyroidism were studied both in time and frequency domains rather than studying just in the time domain by peak scoring. This paper presents a method for filtering auditory oddball standard and target AEPs by using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and feature extraction in the frequency domain via spectral analysis. AEPs were recorded during an auditory oddball paradigm in 25 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients and 15 healthy subjects. The signals are captured in the presence of ongoing background EEG activity so they are often contaminated by artifacts. This paper presents a method for filtering auditory odd-ball standard and target AEPs by using Singular spectrum analysis and feature extraction in frequency domain via spectral analysis. Information about the frequency composition of the signal is then used to compare normal and hyperthyroid states. While there was no significant difference either in the target or standard unfiltered signals between the hyperthyroid patients and the control group (p > 0.05), there was a significant difference in the filtered signals between the two groups (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our results revealed that SSA is an effective filtering method for AEPs. Thus, a much more objective and specific examination method was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Güven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey,
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10
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Nagy D, Tingley FD, Stoiljkovic M, Hajós M. Application of neurophysiological biomarkers for Huntington's disease: Evaluating a phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor. Exp Neurol 2015; 263:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Music is a complex acoustic signal that relies on a number of different brain and cognitive processes to create the sensation of hearing. Changes in hearing function are generally not a major focus of concern for persons with a majority of neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). However, changes in the processing of sounds may be an early, and possibly preclinical, feature of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this chapter is to review the current state of knowledge concerning hearing and music perception in persons who have a dementia as a result of a neurodegenerative disease. The review focuses on both peripheral and central auditory processing in common neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on the processing of music and other non-verbal sounds. The chapter also reviews music interventions used for persons with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julene K Johnson
- Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Maggie L Chow
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Reduced automatic frontal response to auditory deviance in Huntington’s disease as indexed by magnetic mismatch negativity. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1773-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Josef Golubic S, Aine CJ, Stephen JM, Adair JC, Knoefel JE, Supek S. Modulatory role of the prefrontal generator within the auditory M50 network. Neuroimage 2014; 92:120-31. [PMID: 24531051 PMCID: PMC4059503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplitude variability of the M50 component of neuromagnetic responses is commonly used to explore the brain's ability to modulate its response to incoming repetitive or novel auditory stimuli, a process conceptualized as a gating mechanism. The goal of this study was to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of the cortical sources underlying the M50 network evoked by tones in a passive oddball paradigm. Twenty elderly subjects [10 patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and 10 age-matched controls] were examined using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings and the multi-dipole Calibrated Start Spatio-Temporal (CSST) source localization method. We identified three cortical regions underlying the M50 network: prefrontal cortex (PF) in addition to bilateral activation of the superior temporal gyrus (STG). The cortical dynamics of the PF source within the 30-100 ms post-stimulus interval was characterized and was found to be comprised of two subcomponents, Mb1c and Mb2c. The PF source was localized for 10/10 healthy subjects, whereas 9/10 MCI/AD patients were lacking the PF source for both tone conditions. The selective activation of the PF source in healthy controls along with the inactivation of the PF region for MCI/AD patients, enabled us to examine the dynamics of this network of activity when it was functional and dysfunctional, respectively. We found significantly enhanced activity of the STG sources in response to both tone conditions for all subjects who lacked a PF source. The reported results provide novel insights into the topology and neurodynamics of the M50 auditory network, which suggest an inhibitory role of the PF source that normally suppresses activity of the STG sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl J Aine
- Department of Radiology, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - John C Adair
- Department of Neurology, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Janice E Knoefel
- Department of Internal Medicine, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Selma Supek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sleep extension normalizes ERP of waking auditory sensory gating in healthy habitually short sleeping individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59007. [PMID: 23520548 PMCID: PMC3592823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep loss has been associated with increased daytime sleepiness, as well as impairments in memory and attentional processes. In the present study, we evaluated the neuronal changes of a pre-attentive process of wake auditory sensory gating, measured by brain event-related potential (ERP) – P50 in eight normal sleepers (NS) (habitual total sleep time (TST) 7 h 32 m) vs. eight chronic short sleeping individuals (SS) (habitual TST ≤6 h). To evaluate the effect of sleep extension on sensory gating, the extended sleep condition was performed in chronic short sleeping individuals. Thus, one week of time in bed (6 h 11 m) corresponding to habitual short sleep (hSS), and one week of extended time (∼ 8 h 25 m) in bed corresponding to extended sleep (eSS), were counterbalanced in the SS group. The gating ERP assessment was performed on the last day after each sleep condition week (normal sleep and habitual short and extended sleep), and was separated by one week with habitual total sleep time and monitored by a sleep diary. We found that amplitude of gating was lower in SS group compared to that in NS group (0.3 µV vs. 1.2 µV, at Cz electrode respectively). The results of the group × laterality interaction showed that the reduction of gating amplitude in the SS group was due to lower amplitude over the left hemisphere and central-midline sites relative to that in the NS group. After sleep extension the amplitude of gating increased in chronic short sleeping individuals relative to their habitual short sleep condition. The sleep condition × frontality interaction analysis confirmed that sleep extension significantly increased the amplitude of gating over frontal and central brain areas compared to parietal brain areas.
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15
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Shan JC, Liu CM, Chiu MJ, Liu CC, Chien YL, Hwang TJ, Lin YT, Hsieh MH, Jaw FS, Hwu HG. A diagnostic model incorporating P50 sensory gating and neuropsychological tests for schizophrenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57197. [PMID: 23460831 PMCID: PMC3584115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endophenotypes in schizophrenia research is a contemporary approach to studying this heterogeneous mental illness, and several candidate neurophysiological markers (e.g. P50 sensory gating) and neuropsychological tests (e.g. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)) have been proposed. However, the clinical utility of a single marker appears to be limited. In the present study, we aimed to construct a diagnostic model incorporating P50 sensory gating with other neuropsychological tests in order to improve the clinical utility. METHODS We recruited clinically stable outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent P50 sensory gating experimental sessions and batteries of neuropsychological tests, including CPT, WCST and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Third Edition (WAIS-III). RESULTS A total of 106 schizophrenia patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. Compared with healthy controls, the patient group had significantly a larger S2 amplitude, and thus poorer P50 gating ratio (gating ratio = S2/S1). In addition, schizophrenia patients had a poorer performance on neuropsychological tests. We then developed a diagnostic model by using multivariable logistic regression analysis to differentiate patients from healthy controls. The final model included the following covariates: abnormal P50 gating (defined as P50 gating ratio >0.4), three subscales derived from the WAIS-III (Arithmetic, Block Design, and Performance IQ), sensitivity index from CPT and smoking status. This model had an adequate accuracy (concordant percentage = 90.4%; c-statistic = 0.904; Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit Test, p = 0.64>0.05). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to date using P50 sensory gating in subjects of Chinese ethnicity and the first to use P50 sensory gating along with other neuropsychological tests to develop a diagnostic model for schizophrenia. Further research to validate the predictive accuracy of this model by applying it on other samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chi Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shan Jaw
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Tillman GD, Calley CS, Green TA, Buhl VI, Biggs MM, Spence JS, Briggs RW, Haley RW, Hart J, Kraut MA. Event-related potential patterns associated with hyperarousal in Gulf War illness syndrome groups. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1096-105. [PMID: 22691951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An exaggerated response to emotional stimuli is one of the several symptoms widely reported by veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Many have attributed these symptoms to post-war stress; others have attributed the symptoms to deployment-related exposures and associated damage to cholinergic, dopaminergic, and white matter systems. We collected event-related potential (ERP) data from 20 veterans meeting Haley criteria for Gulf War Syndromes 1-3 and from 8 matched Gulf War veteran controls, who were deployed but not symptomatic, while they performed an auditory three-condition oddball task with gunshot and lion roar sounds as the distractor stimuli. Reports of hyperarousal from the ill veterans were significantly greater than those from the control veterans; different ERP profiles emerged to account for their hyperarousability. Syndromes 2 and 3, who have previously shown brainstem abnormalities, show significantly stronger auditory P1 amplitudes, purported to indicate compromised cholinergic inhibitory gating in the reticular activating system. Syndromes 1 and 2, who have previously shown basal ganglia dysfunction, show significantly weaker P3a response to distractor stimuli, purported to indicate dysfunction of the dopaminergic contribution to their ability to inhibit distraction by irrelevant stimuli. All three syndrome groups showed an attenuated P3b to target stimuli, which could be secondary to both cholinergic and dopaminergic contributions or disruption of white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Tillman
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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17
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Kleiman RJ, Chapin DS, Christoffersen C, Freeman J, Fonseca KR, Geoghegan KF, Grimwood S, Guanowsky V, Hajós M, Harms JF, Helal CJ, Hoffmann WE, Kocan GP, Majchrzak MJ, McGinnis D, McLean S, Menniti FS, Nelson F, Roof R, Schmidt AW, Seymour PA, Stephenson DT, Tingley FD, Vanase-Frawley M, Verhoest PR, Schmidt CJ. Phosphodiesterase 9A regulates central cGMP and modulates responses to cholinergic and monoaminergic perturbation in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:396-409. [PMID: 22328573 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.191353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides are critical regulators of synaptic plasticity and participate in requisite signaling cascades implicated across multiple neurotransmitter systems. Phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) is a high-affinity, cGMP-specific enzyme widely expressed in the rodent central nervous system. In the current study, we observed neuronal staining with antibodies raised against PDE9A protein in human cortex, cerebellum, and subiculum. We have also developed several potent, selective, and brain-penetrant PDE9A inhibitors and used them to probe the function of PDE9A in vivo. Administration of these compounds to animals led to dose-dependent accumulation of cGMP in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, producing a range of biological effects that implied functional significance for PDE9A-regulated cGMP in dopaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission and were consistent with the widespread distribution of PDE9A. In vivo effects of PDE9A inhibition included reversal of the respective disruptions of working memory by ketamine, episodic and spatial memory by scopolamine, and auditory gating by amphetamine, as well as potentiation of risperidone-induced improvements in sensorimotor gating and reversal of the stereotypic scratching response to the hallucinogenic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A agonist mescaline. The results suggested a role for PDE9A in the regulation of monoaminergic circuitry associated with sensory processing and memory. Thus, PDE9A activity regulates neuronal cGMP signaling downstream of multiple neurotransmitter systems, and inhibition of PDE9A may provide therapeutic benefits in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases promoted by the dysfunction of these diverse neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Kleiman
- SystaMedic Inc., 1084 Shennecossett Drive, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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18
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Becker J, Silva Filho IGD, Filho HFDS, Schuch A, Ramos FLDP, Ghisolfi ES, Lara DR, Costa JCD. Pattern of P50 suppression deficit in patients with epilepsy and individuals with schizophrenia. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2012; 69:460-5. [PMID: 21755122 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2011000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify P50 suppression in patients with epilepsy, to investigate the effect of seizure control on P50 suppression, and to compare epilepsy patients with individuals with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. METHOD P50 evoked potential parameters and P50 suppression were studied crossectionally in patients with uncontrolled or controlled epilepsy, in individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy volunteers. RESULTS Individuals with schizophrenia had significantly smaller conditioning stimulus (S1) amplitude, and patients with epilepsy had larger test stimulus (S2) amplitude. Mean S2/S1 ratio was 0.71 ± 0.33 for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy; 0.68 ± 0.36 for patients with controlled epilepsy; 0.96 ± 0.47 for individuals with schizophrenia, and 0.42 ± 0.24 for healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION The sensory filter of patients with epilepsy is altered, and this alteration is not associated with seizure control. Also, it works differently from the sensory filter of individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Becker
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
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19
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Boutros NN, Peters R. Internal gating and somatization disorders: proposing a yet un-described neural system. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:174-8. [PMID: 22088921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are a major medical burden and our current understanding of the pathophysiological process leading to their development remains minimal. While research has strongly linked chronic stress to the development of MUS the exact mechanisms and the reason for the many variations in the resultant symptomatology remain unclear. In this paper we advance the hypothesis that an internal (visceral) sensory gating system must exist akin to the much better studied external sensory gating system. The hypothesis is based on the observations that under normal conditions sensations of internal organs do not reach consciousness (i.e., filtered or gated out on a subconscious or preattentive level). As visceral sensations are usually perceived only when there is a pathological process affecting the organ, then failure of this internal gating system leading to the sensations arriving to consciousness must be interpreted by the brain to indicate pathology in this organ. If the hypothesis proves to be true and such a system does exist, the implications are many and significant including developing methods for assessing the system and possibly correcting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash N Boutros
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, College of Nursing, Detroit, MI 48207, United States.
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20
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Garcia-Rill E, Simon C, Smith K, Kezunovic N, Hyde J. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: from basic neuroscience to neurosurgical applications: arousal from slices to humans: implications for DBS. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:1397-407. [PMID: 20936418 PMCID: PMC3084344 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One element of the reticular activating system (RAS) is the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), which projects to the thalamus to trigger thalamocortical rhythms and the brainstem to modulate muscle tone and locomotion. The PPN is a posterior midbrain site known to induce locomotion in decerebrate animals when activated at 40-60 Hz, and has become a target for DBS in disorders involving gait deficits. We developed a research program using brainstem slices containing the PPN to study the cellular and molecular organization of this region. We showed that PPN neurons preferentially fire at gamma band frequency (30-60 Hz) when maximally activated, accounting for the effects of electrical stimulation. In addition, we developed the P13 midlatency auditory evoked potential, which is generated by PPN outputs, in freely moving rats. This allows the study of PPN cellular and molecular mechanisms in the whole animal. We also study the P50 midlatency auditory evoked potential, which is the human equivalent of the rodent P13 potential, allowing us to study PPN-related processes detected in vitro, confirmed in the whole animal, and tested in humans. Previous findings on the P50 potential in PD suggest that PPN output in this disorder is overactive. This translational research program led to the discovery of a novel mechanism of sleep-wake control based on electrical coupling, pointing the way to a number of new clinical applications in the development of novel stimulants (e.g., modafinil) and anesthetics. In addition, it provides methods for monitoring therapeutic efficacy of DBS in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Science, Center For Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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21
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Simon C, Wallace-Huitt T, Thapa P, Skinner RD, Garcia-Rill E. Effects of glutamate receptor agonists on the p13 auditory evoked potential and startle response in the rat. Front Neurol 2011; 2:3. [PMID: 21441978 PMCID: PMC3031992 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The P13 potential is the rodent equivalent of the P50 potential, which is an evoked response recorded at the vertex (Vx) 50 ms following an auditory stimulus in humans. Both the P13 and P50 potentials are only present during waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and are considered to be measures of level of arousal. The source of the P13 and P50 potentials appears to be the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), a brainstem nucleus with indirect ascending projections to the cortex through the intralaminar thalamus, mediating arousal, and descending inhibitory projections to the caudal pontine reticular formation (CPRF), which mediates the auditory startle response (SR). We tested the hypothesis that intracranial microinjection (ICM) of glutamate (GLU) or GLU receptor agonists will increase the activity of PPN neurons, resulting in an increased P13 potential response, and decreased SR due to inhibitory projections from the PPN to the CPRF, in freely moving animals. Cannulae were inserted into the PPN to inject neuroactive agents, screws were inserted into the Vx in order to record the P13 potential, and electrodes inserted into the dorsal nuchal muscle to record electromyograms and SR amplitude. Our results showed that ICM of GLU into the PPN dose-dependently increased the amplitude of the P13 potential and decreased the amplitude of the SR. Similarly, ICM of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid or kainate into the PPN increased the amplitude of the P13 potential. These findings indicate that glutamatergic input to the PPN plays a role in arousal control in vivo, and changes in glutamatergic input, or excitability of PPN neurons, could be implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders with the common symptoms of hyperarousal and REM sleep dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Simon
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Priyenka Thapa
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert D. Skinner
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
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22
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Electrophysiological measures as potential biomarkers in Huntington's disease: Review and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:177-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Abstract
Most psychiatric and neurological disorders exhibit sleep disorders, and in some cases presage the disease. Study of the control of sleep and waking has the potential for making a major impact on a number of disorders, making translational neuroscience research on this area critical. One element of the reticular activating system (RAS) is the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), which is the cholinergic arm of the RAS, and projects to the thalamus to trigger thalamocortical rhythms and to the brainstem to modulate muscle tone and locomotion. We developed a research program using brainstem slices containing the PPN to tell us about the cellular and molecular organization of this region. In addition, we developed the P13 midlatency auditory evoked potential, which is generated by PPN outputs, preparation in freely moving rats. This allows the study of PPN cellular and molecular mechanisms at the level of the whole animal. We also study the P50 midlatency auditory evoked potential, which is the human equivalent of the rodent P13 potential, allowing us to study processes detected in vitro, confirmed in the whole animal, and tested in humans. This translational research program led to the discovery of a novel mechanism of sleep-wake control, pointing the way to a number of new clinical applications in the development of novel stimulants and anesthetics.
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24
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P50 sensory gating is related to performance on select tasks of cognitive inhibition. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2009; 9:448-58. [PMID: 19897797 DOI: 10.3758/cabn.9.4.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
P50 suppression deficits have been documented in clinical and nonclinical populations, but the behavioral correlates of impaired auditory sensory gating remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the relationship between P50 gating and healthy adults' performance on cognitive inhibition tasks. On the basis of load theory (Lavie, Hirst, de Fockert, & Viding, 2004), we predicted that a high perceptual load, a possible consequence of poor auditory P50 sensory gating, would have differential (i.e., positive vs. negative) effects on performance of cognitive inhibition tasks. A dissociation was observed such that P50 gating was negatively related to interference resolution on a Stroop task and positively related to response inhibition on a go/no-go task. Our findings support the idea that a high perceptual load may be beneficial to Stroop performance because of the reduced processing of distractors but detrimental to performance on the go/no-go task because of interference with stimulus discrimination.
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25
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Motor activity-induced dopamine release in the substantia nigra is regulated by muscarinic receptors. Exp Neurol 2009; 221:251-9. [PMID: 19944096 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nigro-striatal neurons release dopamine not only from their axon terminals in the striatum, but also from somata and dendrites in the substantia nigra. Somatodendritic dopamine release in the substantia nigra can facilitate motor function by mechanisms that may act independently of axon terminal dopamine release in the striatum. The dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra receive a cholinergic input from the pedunculopontine nucleus. Despite recent efforts to introduce this nucleus as a potential target for deep brain stimulation to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease; and the well-known antiparkinsonian effects of anticholinergic drugs; the cholinergic influence on somatodendritic dopamine release is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible regulation of locomotor-induced dopamine release in the substantia nigra by endogenous acetylcholine release. In intact and 6-OHDA hemi-lesioned animals alike, the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine, when perfused in the substantia nigra, amplified the locomotor-induced somatodendritic dopamine release to approximately 200% of baseline, compared to 120-130% of baseline in vehicle-treated animals. A functional importance of nigral muscarinic receptor activation was demonstrated in hemi-lesioned animals, where motor performance was significantly improved by scopolamine to 82% of pre-lesion performance, as compared to 56% in vehicle-treated controls. The results indicate that muscarinic activity in the substantia nigra is of functional importance in an animal Parkinson's disease model, and strengthen the notion that nigral dopaminergic regulation of motor activity/performance is independent of striatal dopamine release.
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26
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Cuturic M, Abramson RK, Vallini D, Frank EM, Shamsnia M. Sleep patterns in patients with Huntington's disease and their unaffected first-degree relatives: a brief report. Behav Sleep Med 2009; 7:245-54. [PMID: 19787493 DOI: 10.1080/15402000903190215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polysomnographic sleep patterns in Huntington's disease (HD) have been studied sporadically in small groups of patients, providing variable results. In this study, by comparing the polysomnographic sleep patterns of HD patients and their unaffected relatives, identifying sleep traits more specifically related to the HD gene was attempted. The results corroborated previously reported findings of prolonged sleep latency and the virtual absence of nocturnal respiratory disturbances in early HD. Sleep latency in the HD patients positively correlated with the results of a screening test for frontal lobe dysfunction. Larger, more standardized studies will be needed to correlate genetic markers and sleep patterns in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Cuturic
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203, USA.
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27
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Cholinergic modulation of midbrain dopaminergic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Yitmen I, Oflazoglu B, Işak B, Ciprut A, Akdaş F, Tanridag T, Us O. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and middle latency auditory evoked potentials in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabet Med 2008; 25:805-10. [PMID: 18644067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to investigate the effects of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the central nervous system via brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEPs), and on the peripheral nervous system via nerve conduction studies (NCS). METHODS Thirty patients with IGT and 20 control subjects underwent NCS, BAEPs and MLAEPs. RESULTS Tibial distal motor latencies were significantly prolonged in the IGT group; no differences in other parameters, including BAEPs and MLAEPs, were observed between the IGT and control subjects. CONCLUSION Brainstem involvement may not be seen in IGT patients as in DM. The was no obvious electrophysiological finding indicating peripheral nervous system disfunction in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yitmen
- Departments of Neurology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Sensory gating in epilepsy – Effects of the lateralization of hippocampal sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:1310-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Cromwell HC, Mears RP, Wan L, Boutros NN. Sensory gating: a translational effort from basic to clinical science. Clin EEG Neurosci 2008; 39:69-72. [PMID: 18450171 PMCID: PMC4127047 DOI: 10.1177/155005940803900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sensory gating (SG) is a prevalent physiological process important for information filtering in complex systems. SG is evaluated by presenting repetitious stimuli and measuring the degree of neural inhibition that occurs. SG has been found to be impaired in several psychiatric disorders. Recent animal and human research has made great progress in the study of SG, and in this review we provide an overview of recent research on SG using different methods. Animal research has uncovered findings that suggest (1) SG is displayed by single neurons and can be similar to SG observed from scalp recordings in humans, (2) SG is found in numerous brain structures located in sensory, motor and limbic subregions, (3) SG can be significantly influenced by state changes of the organism, and (4) SG has a diverse pharmacological profile accented by a strong influence from nicotine receptor activation. Human research has addressed similar issues using deep electrode recordings of brain structures. These experiments have revealed that (1) SG can be found in cortical regions surrounding hippocampus, (2) the order of neural processing places hippocampal involvement during a later stage of sensory processing than originally thought, and (3) multiple subtypes of gating exist that could be dependent on different brain circuits and more or less influenced by alterations in organismal state. Animal and human research both have limitations. We emphasize the need for integrative approaches to understand the process and combine information between basic and clinical fields so that a more complete picture of SG will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Cromwell
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio 43403, USA.
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31
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Hall RW, Huitt TW, Thapa R, Williams DK, Anand KJS, Garcia-Rill E. Long-term deficits of preterm birth: evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:1281-91. [PMID: 18372212 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantitative measures of pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe processes were compared to evaluate quantitative measures of these deficits in Ex-Preterm vs. Ex-Term adolescents. METHODS We compared 43 Ex-Preterm with 26 Ex-Term adolescents using the P50 auditory potential, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), a reaction time (RT) test, and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). RESULTS The mean amplitude (+/-SE) of the P50 amplitude was similar in the Ex-Preterm (1.8+/-1.4 microV) vs. Ex-Term adolescents (1.8+/-0.6 microV, df = 68, F = 0.05, p = 0.8), but the Ex-Preterm group showed a trimodal distribution in amplitude (High, 3.3+/-0.4 microV, df=42.25, F=19.2, p < 0.01; Medium, 1.7+/-0.1 microV, df = 39, F = 0.41, p = 0.53; Low, 0.7+/-0.1 microV, df = 40, F = 49.5, p < 0.01) suggested by statistically significant variance between populations (Kolmogorov-Kuiper test, df = 42.25, F = 5.4, p < 0.01). Mean RT was longer in Ex-Preterm (250+/-8 ms) vs. Ex-Term subjects (200+/-5 ms, df = 68, F = 18.8, p < 0.001). PVT lapses were increased in Ex-Preterm subjects, and varied inversely with P50 amplitude (Overall Mean 17+/-5 lapses, df = 67, F = 5.34, p < 0.05; Low P50 amplitude, 25+/-10, df = 40, F = 8.8, p < 0.01; Medium, 21+/-11, df = 38, F = 5.37, p < 0.05; High, 6+/-2, df = 39, F = 6.78, p < 0.01) vs. Ex-Term subjects (2+/-0.4 lapses, p < 0.01). NIRS levels did not differ statistically, but tended to correlate with P50 amplitude in the Ex-Preterm group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest differential pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe dysfunction in Ex-Preterm adolescents. SIGNIFICANCE These measures could provide a means to objectively assess differential dysregulation of arousal and attention in Ex-Preterm adolescents, allowing optimization of therapeutic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Whit Hall
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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32
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Garcia-Rill E, Moran K, Garcia J, Findley WM, Walton K, Strotman B, Llinas RR. Magnetic sources of the M50 response are localized to frontal cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:388-98. [PMID: 18078782 PMCID: PMC2272533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the source localization(s) of the midlatency auditory magnetic response M50, the equivalent of the P50 potential, a sleep state-dependent waveform known to habituate to repetitive stimulation. METHODS We used a paired stimulus paradigm at interstimulus intervals of 250, 500 and 1000 ms, and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings were subjected to computational methods for current density reconstruction, blind source separation, time-frequency analysis, and data visualization to characterize evoked dynamics. RESULTS Each subject showed localization of a source for primary auditory evoked responses in the region of the auditory cortex, usually at a 20-30 ms latency. However, responses at 40-70 ms latency that also decreased following the second stimulus of a pair were not localizable to the auditory cortex, rather showing multiple sources usually including the frontal lobes. CONCLUSIONS The M50 response, which shows habituation to repetitive stimulation, was not localized to the auditory cortex, but showed multiple sources including frontal lobes. SIGNIFICANCE These MEG results suggest that sources for the M50 response may represent non-auditory, perhaps arousal-related, diffuse projections to the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology & Dev. Sci., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 847, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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33
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Pratt H, Starr A, Michalewski HJ, Bleich N, Mittelman N. The auditory P50 component to onset and offset of sound. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 119:376-87. [PMID: 18055255 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The auditory Event-Related Potentials (ERP) of component P50 to sound onset and offset have been reported to be similar, but their magnetic homologue has been reported absent to sound offset. We compared the spatio-temporal distribution of cortical activity during P50 to sound onset and offset, without confounds of spectral change. METHODS ERPs were recorded in response to onsets and offsets of silent intervals of 0.5 s (gaps) appearing randomly in otherwise continuous white noise and compared to ERPs to randomly distributed click pairs with half second separation presented in silence. Subjects were awake and distracted from the stimuli by reading a complicated text. Measures of P50 included peak latency and amplitude, as well as source current density estimates to the clicks and sound onsets and offsets. RESULTS P50 occurred in response to noise onsets and to clicks, while to noise offset it was absent. Latency of P50 was similar to noise onset (56 ms) and to clicks (53 ms). Sources of P50 to noise onsets and clicks included bilateral superior parietal areas. In contrast, noise offsets activated left inferior temporal and occipital areas at the time of P50. Source current density was significantly higher to noise onset than offset in the vicinity of the temporo-parietal junction. CONCLUSIONS P50 to sound offset is absent compared to the distinct P50 to sound onset and to clicks, at different intracranial sources. P50 to stimulus onset and to clicks appears to reflect preattentive arousal by a new sound in the scene. Sound offset does not involve a new sound and hence the absent P50. SIGNIFICANCE Stimulus onset activates distinct early cortical processes that are absent to offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Pratt
- Evoked Potentials Laboratory, Behavioral Biology, Gutwirth Building, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Reiss JP, Campbell DW, Leslie WD, Paulus MP, Ryner LN, Polimeni JO, Foot BJ, Sareen J. Deficit in schizophrenia to recruit the striatum in implicit learning: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Schizophr Res 2006; 87:127-37. [PMID: 16814986 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, explicit learning deficits have been well established although it is less clear whether these patients have deficits in implicit learning (IL). IL is thought to depend on intact striatal functioning. This study examined the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients show deficient recruitment of striatal activation during an IL paradigm, relative to performance-matched healthy comparison subjects. Ten subjects with schizophrenia on atypical antipsychotic medication and 10 age, gender, education, and performance matched healthy comparison subjects underwent fMRI while performing an IL task. On the basis of whole-brain and striatal region-of-interest analyses, we found a relative lack of striatal activation in schizophrenia patients. This result is consistent with convergent evidence of striatal dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Reiss
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Pearlstein RD, Whitten C, Haerich P. Assessing neurocognitive dysfunction in cranial radiotherapy: can cognitive event-related potentials help? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2006; 5:109-25. [PMID: 16551131 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive changes are common sequelae of cancer and cancer treatment, particularly in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy (RT). These effects are typically assessed by subjective clinical examination or using objective neuropsychological tests. Biologically based neurophysiological methods have been increasingly applied to the study of cognitive processing in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders and as objective measures of cognitive status for patients with dementia. These methods detect the activation of neural circuits that directly mediate cognitive function in the human brain and include metabolic and electrophysiology based techniques. Neuroimaging procedures such as 18FDG PET and more recently fMRI, which detect metabolic activation associated with cognitive processing, provide excellent spatial resolution and can be directly correlated with neuroradiological findings associated with cranial RT neurotoxicity. Clinical electrophysiology procedures such as cognitive event-related potentials (ERP), which detect the neuronal electrical activity associated with cognitive processing, offer excellent temporal resolution at low cost. Cognitive ERP techniques are already being used to assess severity and progression of cognitive dysfunction in patients with vascular and degenerative dementias, but have been largely overlooked in studies of radiation-related cognitive impairments. We review these various electrophysiological methods in the context of their relevance to assessing cranial RT effects on cognitive function, and provide recommendations for a neurophysiological approach to supplement current neuropsychological tests for RT cognitive impairments. This technology is well suited for clinical assessment of neurocognitive sequelae of cancer and should provide new insights into the mechanism of RT-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Pearlstein
- Department of Surgery/Neurosurgery, Duke University and Medical Center, Box 3388 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Coch D, Skendzel W, Neville HJ. Auditory and visual refractory period effects in children and adults: An ERP study. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:2184-203. [PMID: 16043399 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This developmental study was designed to investigate event-related potential (ERP) refractory period effects in the auditory and visual modalities in children and adults and to correlate these electrophysiological measures with standard behavioral measures. METHODS ERPs, accuracy, and reaction time were recorded as school-age children and adults monitored a stream of repetitive standard stimuli and detected occasional targets. Standards were presented at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in order to measure refractory period effects on early sensory components. RESULTS As has been reported previously in adults, larger components for standards with longer ISIs were observed for an auditory N1 and the visual occipital P1 and P2 in adults. Remarkably similar effects were observed in children. However, only children showed refractory effects on the amplitude of the visual N1 and P2 measured at anterior sites. Across groups, behavioral accuracy and reaction time were correlated with latencies of auditory N1 and visual P2 across ISI conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results establish a normal course of development for auditory and visual ERP refractory period effects across the 6- to 8-year-old age range and indicate similar refractoriness in the neural systems indexed by ERPs in these paradigms in typically developing children and adults. Further, the results suggest that electrophysiological measures and standard behavioral measures may at least in part index similar processing in the present paradigms. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide a foundation for further investigation into atypical development, particularly in those populations for which processing time deficits have been implicated such as children with specific language impairment or dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Coch
- Brain Development Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403, USA.
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Zheng J, Yang Y, Tian S, Chen J, Wilson FAW, Ma Y. The dynamics of hippocampal sensory gating during the development of morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats. Neurosci Lett 2005; 382:164-8. [PMID: 15911142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of morphine on hippocampal sensory gating (N40) during the development of morphine dependence and withdrawal were investigated in the double click auditory evoked potential (EP) suppression paradigm. Rats were made dependent upon morphine hydrochloride by a series of injections (every 12 h) over 6 days, followed by withdrawal after stopping morphine administration. Hippocampal gating was examined during the development of dependence and withdrawal. Moreover, the DA antagonist haloperidol was used to assess the contribution of dopamine to hippocampal gating induced by morphine. Our results showed that the morphine-treated rats exhibited significantly disrupted hippocampal gating during the development of morphine dependence and this disrupted gating was partially reversed by haloperidol pretreatment. In contrast, there was significantly enhanced hippocampal gating at the fifth and sixth days of withdrawal. The dynamics of hippocampal gating during the development of morphine dependence and withdrawal suggests the interaction between the hippocampus and opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zheng
- Laboratory of Cognition and Brain Research, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China.
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