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Mareci TH, Bowers CR, Brey WW, Briggs RW. Wallace S. Brey, Jr. (June 6, 1922-July 13, 2023) - Founding editor of the Journal of Magnetic Resonance. J Magn Reson 2023; 357:107589. [PMID: 37989060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
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Hatem AE, Collett CM, Briggs RW, Gold RD, Angster SJ, Field EH, Powers PM. Simplifying complex fault data for systems-level analysis: Earthquake geology inputs for U.S. NSHM 2023. Sci Data 2022; 9:506. [PMID: 35982062 PMCID: PMC9388679 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) update planned for 2023, two databases were prepared to more completely represent Quaternary-active faulting across the western United States: the NSHM23 fault sections database (FSD) and earthquake geology database (EQGeoDB). In prior iterations of NSHM, fault sections were included only if a field-measurement-derived slip rate was estimated along a given fault. By expanding this inclusion criteria, we were able to assess a larger set of faults for use in NSHM23. The USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold Database served as a guide for assessing possible additions to the NSHM23 FSD. Reevaluating available data from published sources yielded an increase of fault sections from ~650 faults in NSHM18 to ~1,000 faults proposed for use in NSHM23. EQGeoDB, a companion dataset linked to NSHM23 FSD, contains geologic slip rate estimates for fault sections included in FSD. Together, these databases serve as common input data used in deformation modeling, earthquake rupture forecasting, and additional downstream uses in NSHM development. Measurement(s) | N/A | Technology Type(s) | N/A |
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Hatem
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Camille M Collett
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Richard W Briggs
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Ryan D Gold
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stephen J Angster
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edward H Field
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Peter M Powers
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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Dura T, Garner AJ, Weiss R, Kopp RE, Engelhart SE, Witter RC, Briggs RW, Mueller CS, Nelson AR, Horton BP. Changing impacts of Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone tsunamis in California under future sea-level rise. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7119. [PMID: 34880254 PMCID: PMC8655008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplification of coastal hazards such as distant-source tsunamis under future relative sea-level rise (RSLR) is poorly constrained. In southern California, the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone has been identified as an earthquake source region of particular concern for a worst-case scenario distant-source tsunami. Here, we explore how RSLR over the next century will influence future maximum nearshore tsunami heights (MNTH) at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Earthquake and tsunami modeling combined with local probabilistic RSLR projections show the increased potential for more frequent, relatively low magnitude earthquakes to produce distant-source tsunamis that exceed historically observed MNTH. By 2100, under RSLR projections for a high-emissions representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5), the earthquake magnitude required to produce >1 m MNTH falls from ~Mw9.1 (required today) to Mw8.0, a magnitude that is ~6.7 times more frequent along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dura
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Andra J. Garner
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
| | - Robert Weiss
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA ,grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Robert E. Kopp
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Simon E. Engelhart
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Geography, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Robert C. Witter
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Richard W. Briggs
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Charles S. Mueller
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Alan R. Nelson
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Benjamin P. Horton
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
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Yu JC, Fiore VG, Briggs RW, Braud J, Rubia K, Adinoff B, Gu X. An insula-driven network computes decision uncertainty and promotes abstinence in chronic cocaine users. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4923-4936. [PMID: 33439518 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The anterior insular cortex (AIC) and its interconnected brain regions have been associated with both addiction and decision-making under uncertainty. However, the causal interactions in this uncertainty-encoding neurocircuitry and how these neural dynamics impact relapse remain elusive. Here, we used model-based fMRI to measure choice uncertainty in a motor decision task in 61 individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) and 25 healthy controls. CUD participants were assessed before discharge from a residential treatment program and followed for up to 24 weeks. We found that choice uncertainty was tracked by the AIC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and ventral striatum (VS), across participants. Stronger activations in these regions measured pre-discharge predicted longer abstinence after discharge in individuals with CUD. Dynamic causal modeling revealed an AIC-to-dACC-directed connectivity modulated by uncertainty in controls, but a dACC-to-AIC connectivity in CUD participants. This reversal was mostly driven by early relapsers (<30 days). Furthermore, CUD individuals who displayed a stronger AIC-to-dACC excitatory connection during uncertainty encoding remained abstinent for longer periods. These findings reveal a critical role of an AIC-driven, uncertainty-encoding neurocircuitry in protecting against relapse and promoting abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chi Yu
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Vincenzo G Fiore
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard W Briggs
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Braud
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bryon Adinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Tillman GD, Spence JS, Briggs RW, Haley RW, Hart J, Kraut MA. Gulf War illness associated with abnormal auditory P1 event-related potential: Evidence of impaired cholinergic processing replicated in a national sample. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:7-15. [PMID: 30453127 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Our team previously reported event-related potential (ERP) and hyperarousal patterns from a study of one construction battalion of the U.S. Naval Reserve who served during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. We sought to replicate these findings in a sample that was more representative of the entire Gulf War-era veteran population, including male and female participants from four branches of the military. We collected ERP data from 40 veterans meeting Haley criteria for Gulf War syndromes 1-3 and from 22 matched Gulf War veteran controls while they performed an auditory oddball task. Reports of hyperarousal from the ill veterans were significantly greater than those from the control veterans, and P1 amplitudes in Syndromes 2 and 3 were significantly higher than P1 amplitudes in Syndrome 1, replicating our previous findings. Many of the contributors to the generation of the P1 potential are also involved in the regulation of arousal and are modulated by cholinergic and dopaminergic systems-two systems whose dysfunction has been implicated in Gulf War illness. These differences among the three syndrome groups where their means were on either side of controls is a replication of our previous ERP study and is consistent with previous imaging studies of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Tillman
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Richard W Briggs
- Departments of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Robert W Haley
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John Hart
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas; Departments of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas; Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Cooper CM, Briggs RW, Farris EA, Bartlett J, Haley RW, Odegard TN. Memory and functional brain differences in a national sample of U.S. veterans with Gulf War Illness. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 250:33-41. [PMID: 27017423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Roughly 26-32% of U. S. veterans who served in the 1991 Persian Gulf War report suffering from chronic health problems. Memory complaints are regularly reported by ill Gulf War veterans (GWV), but limited data verify their complaints. This study investigated episodic memory and brain function in a nationally representative sample of GWV, using a face-name memory task and functional magnetic resonance imaging during encoding. A syndrome classification system was used to subdivide ill GWV into the three major Gulf War Illness syndrome types, "impaired cognition" (GWV-1), "confusion ataxia" (GWV-2), and "central pain" (GWV-3). Memory and brain function of ill GWV were contrasted to deployed and nondeployed well GWV controls (GWV-C). Ill GWV exhibited impaired memory function relative to GWV-C but the patterns of functional brain differences varied. Brain activation differentiated the GWV-C from the ill GWV. The different syndrome types also differed from one another in several brain regions. Additionally, the current study was the first to observe differences in brain function between deployed and nondeployed GWV-C. These results provide (1) evidence of memory impairment in ill GWV and differentiate the syndrome types at a functional neurobiological level, and (2) the role of deployment in the war on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Richard W Briggs
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily A Farris
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - James Bartlett
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Haley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy N Odegard
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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Moffett K, Crosson B, Spence JS, Case K, Levy I, Gopinath K, Shah P, Goyal A, Fang Y, Briggs RW, Hart J, Moore A, Haley RW. Word-finding impairment in veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Brain Cogn 2015; 98:65-73. [PMID: 26114921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one quarter of 1991 Persian Gulf War Veterans experience cognitive and physiological sequelae that continue to be unexplained by known medical or psychological conditions. Difficulty coming up with words and names, familiar before the war, is a hallmark of the illness. Three Gulf War Syndrome subtypes have been identified and linked to specific war-time chemical exposures. The most functionally impaired veterans belong to the Gulf War Syndrome 2 (Syndrome 2) group, for which subcortical damage due to toxic nerve gas exposure is the suspected cause. Subcortical damage is often associated with specific complex language impairments, and Syndrome 2 veterans have demonstrated poorer vocabulary relative to controls. 11 Syndrome 1, 16 Syndrome 2, 9 Syndrome 3, and 14 age-matched veteran controls from the Seabees Naval Construction Battalion were compared across three measures of complex language. Additionally, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was collected during a covert category generation task, and whole-brain functional activity was compared between groups. Results demonstrated that Syndrome 2 veterans performed significantly worse on letter and category fluency relative to Syndrome 1 veterans and controls. They also exhibited reduced activity in the thalamus, putamen, and amygdala, and increased activity in the right hippocampus relative to controls. Syndrome 1 and Syndrome 3 groups tended to show similar, although smaller, differences than the Syndrome 2 group. Hence, these results further demonstrate specific impairments in complex language as well as subcortical and hippocampal involvement in Syndrome 2 veterans. Further research is required to determine the extent of language impairments in this population and the significance of altered neurologic activity in the aforementioned brain regions with the purpose of better characterizing the Gulf War Syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Moffett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 3151, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Bruce Crosson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center of Excellence, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 S.W. Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development, Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, 1670 Clairmont Rd., Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 303025010, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
| | - Kimberly Case
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 3151, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Ilana Levy
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 3151, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Kaundinya Gopinath
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
| | - Parina Shah
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
| | - Aman Goyal
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
| | - Yan Fang
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
| | - Richard W Briggs
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5060, USA.
| | - John Hart
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
| | - Anna Moore
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Robert W Haley
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Epidemiology Division) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA.
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Yang H, Spence JS, Briggs RW, Rao U, North C, Devous MD, Xiao H, Adinoff B. Interaction between early life stress and alcohol dependence on neural stress reactivity. Addict Biol 2015; 20:523-33. [PMID: 24602036 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress response biologic systems are altered in alcohol-dependent individuals. Early life stress (ELS) is associated with a heightened risk of alcohol dependence, presumably because of stress-induced neuroplastic changes. This study was designed to assess the contribution of ELS to a stress-induced neural response in alcohol-dependent participants. Fifteen alcohol-dependent men abstinent for 3-5 weeks and 15 age- and race-matched healthy controls were studied. Anticipatory anxiety was induced by a conditioned stimulus paired with an uncertain physically painful unconditioned stressor. Neural response was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. ELS was assessed with the Childhood Adversity Interview. There was a significant interaction between ELS and group on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) amplitude during anticipatory anxiety in the right amygdala and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, posterior putamen and insula. Higher ELS scores were associated with decreased BOLD amplitude during anticipatory anxiety in alcohol-dependent, but not control, participants. These findings suggest that ELS interacts with alcohol dependence to induce a muted cortico-striatal response to high threat stimuli. Allostatic changes due to both ELS and excessive alcohol use may jointly induce persistent changes in the neural response to acute stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Spence
- Center for Brain Health; University of Texas at Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| | - Richard W. Briggs
- Department of Physics & Astronomy; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Uma Rao
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Meharry Medical College; Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Kennedy Center; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - Carol North
- VA North Texas Health Care System; Dallas TX USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | | | - Hong Xiao
- Fairway Family Medicine; Carrollton TX USA
| | - Bryon Adinoff
- VA North Texas Health Care System; Dallas TX USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
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Yang H, Devous MD, Briggs RW, Spence JS, Xiao H, Kreyling N, Adinoff B. Altered neural processing of threat in alcohol-dependent men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:2029-38. [PMID: 23888999 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-response biological systems are altered in alcohol-dependent individuals and are reported to predict future relapse. This study was designed to assess neural disruptions in alcohol-dependent participants when exposed to a conditioned stimulus (CS) warning of the impending onset of a universal, nonpersonalized stressor. METHODS Fifteen alcohol-dependent men abstinent for 3 to 5 weeks and 15 age- and race-similar healthy controls were studied. Anticipatory anxiety was induced by a CS paired with an uncertain, physically painful unconditioned stressor. Neural response was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Both groups experienced significant, similar levels of anticipatory anxiety in response to the high-threat relative to the low-threat CS. Whereas control participants markedly increased the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) amplitude in cortical-limbic-striatal regions during the high-threat, relative to low-threat, stimulus, alcohol-dependent participants decreased BOLD amplitude in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral parietal/occipital cortex, and right hippocampus. Alcohol-dependent participants significantly deactivated pgACC/mPFC and PCC clusters, relative to controls, during the high- versus low-threat stimulus. This difference was due to a decrease in %BOLD amplitude during the high-threat stimulus in the alcohol-dependent, but not the control, participants. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-dependent men show cortical-limbic-striatal deactivation during anticipatory anxiety, particularly in regions associated with emotional regulation. These findings suggest a lack of engagement of affective regulatory mechanisms during high-stress situations in alcohol-dependent men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Li X, Sarkar SN, Purdy DE, Spence JS, Haley RW, Briggs RW. Anteroposterior perfusion heterogeneity in human hippocampus measured by arterial spin labeling MRI. NMR Biomed 2013; 26:613-621. [PMID: 23420779 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of blood flow in the human hippocampus are complicated by its relatively small size, unusual anatomy and patterns of blood supply. Only a handful of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI articles have reported regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) values for the human hippocampus. Numerous reports have found heterogeneity in a number of other physiological and biochemical parameters along the longitudinal hippocampal axis. There is, however, only one ASL study of perfusion properties as a function of anteroposterior location in the hippocampus, reporting that rCBF is lower and the arterial transit time (ATT) is longer in the anterior hippocampus than in the posterior hippocampus of the rat brain. The purpose of this article was to measure ATT and rCBF in anterior, middle and posterior normal adult human hippocampus. To better distinguish anteroposterior perfusion heterogeneity in the hippocampus, a modified ASL method, called Orthogonally Positioned Tagging Imaging Method for Arterial Labeling with Flow-sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery (OPTIMAL FAIR), was developed that provides high in-plane resolution with oblique coronal imaging slices perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus to minimize partial volume effects. Perfusion studies performed with this modified FAIR method at 3 T indicated that anterior, middle and posterior human hippocampus segments have unique transit time and rCBF values. Of these three longitudinal hippocampal regions, the middle hippocampus has the highest perfusion and the shortest transit time and the anterior hippocampus has the lowest perfusion and the longest transit time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zaidel L, Allen G, Cullum CM, Briggs RW, Hynan LS, Weiner MF, McColl R, Gopinath KS, McDonald E, Rubin CD. Donepezil effects on hippocampal and prefrontal functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary report. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 31 Suppl 3:S221-6. [PMID: 22886013 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We used functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) to investigate changes in interhemispheric brain connectivity in 11 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) following eight weeks of treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil. We examined functional connectivity between four homologous temporal, frontal, and occipital regions. These regions were selected to represent sites of AD neuropathology, sites of donepezil-related brain activation change in prior studies, and sites that are minimally affected by the pathologic changes of AD. Based on previous findings of selective, localized frontal responses to donepezil, we predicted that frontal connectivity would be most strongly impacted by treatment. Of the areas examined, we found that treatment had a significant effect only on functional connectivity between right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Implications for understanding the impact of donepezil treatment on brain functioning and behavior in patients with AD are discussed. This preliminary report suggests that fcMRI may provide a useful index of treatment outcome in diseases affecting brain connectivity. Future research should investigate these treatment-related changes in larger samples of patients and age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Zaidel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Tillman GD, Calley CS, Green TA, Buhl VI, Biggs MM, Spence JS, Briggs RW, Haley RW, Hart J, Kraut MA. Event-related potential patterns associated with hyperarousal in Gulf War illness syndrome groups. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1096-105. [PMID: 22691951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An exaggerated response to emotional stimuli is one of the several symptoms widely reported by veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Many have attributed these symptoms to post-war stress; others have attributed the symptoms to deployment-related exposures and associated damage to cholinergic, dopaminergic, and white matter systems. We collected event-related potential (ERP) data from 20 veterans meeting Haley criteria for Gulf War Syndromes 1-3 and from 8 matched Gulf War veteran controls, who were deployed but not symptomatic, while they performed an auditory three-condition oddball task with gunshot and lion roar sounds as the distractor stimuli. Reports of hyperarousal from the ill veterans were significantly greater than those from the control veterans; different ERP profiles emerged to account for their hyperarousability. Syndromes 2 and 3, who have previously shown brainstem abnormalities, show significantly stronger auditory P1 amplitudes, purported to indicate compromised cholinergic inhibitory gating in the reticular activating system. Syndromes 1 and 2, who have previously shown basal ganglia dysfunction, show significantly weaker P3a response to distractor stimuli, purported to indicate dysfunction of the dopaminergic contribution to their ability to inhibit distraction by irrelevant stimuli. All three syndrome groups showed an attenuated P3b to target stimuli, which could be secondary to both cholinergic and dopaminergic contributions or disruption of white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Tillman
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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13
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Katz WF, Garst DM, Briggs RW, Cheshkov S, Ringe W, Gopinath KS, Goyal A, Allen G. Neural bases of the foreign accent syndrome: a functional magnetic resonance imaging case study. Neurocase 2012; 18:199-211. [PMID: 22011212 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2011.588173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a rare disorder characterized by the emergence of a perceived foreign accent following brain damage. Despite decades of study, little is known about the neural substrates involved in this disorder. In this case study, MRI images of the brain were obtained during a speech task for an American English-speaking monolingual female who presented with FAS of unknown etiology and was thought to sound 'Swedish' or 'Eastern European'. On the basis of MR structural imaging, the patient was noted to have frontal lobe atrophy. An fMRI picture-naming task designed to broadly engage the speech motor network revealed predominantly left-hemisphere involvement, including activation of the (1) left superior temporal and medial frontal structures, (2) bilateral subcortical structures and thalamus, and (3) left cerebellum. The results suggest an instance of substantial brain reorganization for speech motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Katz
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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14
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Li X, Spence JS, Buhner DM, Haley RW, Briggs RW. Dynamic physostigmine effects on hippocampus perfusion. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:280-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Li X, Spence JS, Buhner DM, Hart J, Cullum CM, Biggs MM, Hester AL, Odegard TN, Carmack PS, Briggs RW, Haley RW. Hippocampal dysfunction in Gulf War veterans: investigation with ASL perfusion MR imaging and physostigmine challenge. Radiology 2011; 261:218-25. [PMID: 21914840 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine, with arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and physostigmine challenge, if abnormal hippocampal blood flow in ill Gulf War veterans persists 11 years after initial testing with single photon emission computed tomography and nearly 20 years after the 1991 Gulf War. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study. Veterans were screened for contraindications and gave written informed consent before the study. In a semiblinded retrospective protocol, veterans in three Gulf War illness groups-syndrome 1 (impaired cognition), syndrome 2 (confusion-ataxia), and syndrome 3 (central neuropathic pain)-and a control group received intravenous infusions of saline in an initial session and physostigmine in a second session, 48 hours later. Each infusion was followed by measurement of hippocampal regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with pulsed ASL. A mixed-effects linear model adjusted for age was used to test for differences in rCBF after the cholinergic challenge across the four groups. RESULTS Physostigmine significantly decreased hippocampal rCBF in control subjects (P < .0005) and veterans with syndrome 1 (P < .05) but significantly increased hippocampal rCBF in veterans with syndrome 2 (P < .005) and veterans with syndrome 3 (P < .002). The abnormal increase in rCBF was found to have progressed to the left hippocampus of the veterans with syndrome 2 and to both hippocampi of the veterans with syndrome 3. CONCLUSION Chronic hippocampal perfusion dysfunction persists or worsens in veterans with certain Gulf War syndromes. ASL MR imaging examination of hippocampal rCBF in a cholinergic challenge experiment may be useful as a diagnostic test for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- Departments of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8874, USA
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16
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Li X, Sarkar SN, Purdy DE, Haley RW, Briggs RW. Improved quantification of brain perfusion using FAIR with active suppression of superior tagging (FAIR ASST). J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:1037-44. [PMID: 22002755 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To address two problems for perfusion studies in the middle or inferior brain regions: (1) to reduce venous artifacts due to the intrinsic superior labeling of FAIR; (2) to alleviate the discrepancy of the existence of both superior and inferior boluses, but with only the inferior bolus having a temporally defined bolus width with Q2TIPs or QUIPSS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Superior tagging suppression methods for FAIR with different combinations of pre- and postinversion superior saturation pulses were evaluated and compared with FAIR with Q2TIPS for producing perfusion maps of superior, middle, and inferior brain regions. RESULTS One preinversion plus two postinversion superior saturation radio frequency pulses effectively suppressed the superior tagging of FAIR and sufficiently eliminated venous artifacts without negative effects, avoiding the overestimations of cerebral blood flow that can occur in FAIR. CONCLUSION FAIR ASST improves FAIR with Q2TIPS and provides more reliable and accurate blood flow estimations for perfusion studies of middle and lower brain regions. FAIR ASST confers the advantages of asymmetric PASL techniques, such as PICORE, in which only the inferiorly labeled blood is used for perfusion quantification, to the symmetric PASL technique FAIR, while preserving the robustness of FAIR against MT effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8896, USA
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Liu P, Aslan S, Li X, Buhner DM, Spence JS, Briggs RW, Haley RW, Lu H. Perfusion deficit to cholinergic challenge in veterans with Gulf War Illness. Neurotoxicology 2010; 32:242-6. [PMID: 21147163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A highly plausible etiology for Gulf War Illness (GWI) is that the neural damage and cognitive deficits are associated with excessive exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting cholinergic stimulants. Our previous SPECT study provided strong indication that cerebral blood flow (CBF) in veterans with GWI may be different from those of unaffected control veterans. The present study confirmed and extended previous findings that patients with GWI have abnormal response to an inhibitory cholinergic challenge, physostigmine infusion, when compared to age-gender-education matched control veterans. The MRI-based arterial spin labeling (ASL) and phase-contrast techniques have several key advantages over SPECT, including shorter experiment duration, complete non-invasiveness, and higher spatial and temporal resolutions, and therefore may provide a cost-effective biomarker for characterization of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Liu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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18
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Kannan G, Milani AA, Panahi IMS, Briggs RW. An efficient feedback active noise control algorithm based on reduced-order linear predictive modeling of FMRI acoustic noise. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2010; 58:3303-9. [PMID: 21134809 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2096423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acoustic noise exhibits an almost periodic nature (quasi-periodicity) due to the repetitive nature of currents in the gradient coils. Small changes occur in the waveform in consecutive periods due to the background noise and slow drifts in the electroacoustic transfer functions that map the gradient coil waveforms to the measured acoustic waveforms. The period depends on the number of slices per second, when echo planar imaging (EPI) sequencing is used. Linear predictability of fMRI acoustic noise has a direct effect on the performance of active noise control (ANC) systems targeted to cancel the acoustic noise. It is shown that by incorporating some samples from the previous period, very high linear prediction accuracy can be reached with a very low order predictor. This has direct implications on feedback ANC systems since their performance is governed by the predictability of the acoustic noise to be cancelled. The low complexity linear prediction of fMRI acoustic noise developed in this paper is used to derive an effective and low-cost feedback ANC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kannan
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
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19
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Meltzner AJ, Sieh K, Chiang HW, Shen CC, Suwargadi BW, Natawidjaja DH, Philibosian BE, Briggs RW, Galetzka J. Coral evidence for earthquake recurrence and an A.D. 1390–1455 cluster at the south end of the 2004 Aceh–Andaman rupture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb007499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Crosson B, Ford A, McGregor KM, Meinzer M, Cheshkov S, Li X, Walker-Batson D, Briggs RW. Functional imaging and related techniques: an introduction for rehabilitation researchers. J Rehabil Res Dev 2010; 47:vii-xxxiv. [PMID: 20593321 PMCID: PMC3225087 DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2010.02.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging and related neuroimaging techniques are becoming important tools for rehabilitation research. Functional neuroimaging techniques can be used to determine the effects of brain injury or disease on brain systems related to cognition and behavior and to determine how rehabilitation changes brain systems. These techniques include: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Related diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques (DWI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), can quantify white matter integrity. With the proliferation of these imaging techniques in rehabilitation research, it is critical that rehabilitation researchers, as well as consumers of rehabilitation research, become familiar with neuroimaging techniques, what they can offer, and their strengths and weaknesses The purpose to this review is to provide such an introduction to these neuroimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- VA RR&D Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Anastasia Ford
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Keith M. McGregor
- VA RR&D Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sergey Cheshkov
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Richard W. Briggs
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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21
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Crosson B, Moore AB, McGregor KM, Chang YL, Benjamin M, Gopinath K, Sherod ME, Wierenga CE, Peck KK, Briggs RW, Rothi LJG, White KD. Regional changes in word-production laterality after a naming treatment designed to produce a rightward shift in frontal activity. Brain Lang 2009; 111:73-85. [PMID: 19811814 PMCID: PMC3239407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Five nonfluent aphasia patients participated in a picture-naming treatment that used an intention manipulation (opening a box and pressing a button on a device in the box with the left hand) to initiate naming trials and was designed to re-lateralize word production mechanisms from the left to the right frontal lobe. To test the underlying assumption regarding re-lateralization, patients participated in fMRI of category-member generation before and after treatment. Generally, the four patients who improved during treatment showed reduced frontal activity from pre- to post-treatment fMRI with increasing concentration of activity in the right posterior frontal lobe (motor/premotor cortex, pars opercularis), demonstrating a significant shift in lateraliity toward the right lateral frontal lobe, as predicted. Three of these four patients showed no left frontal activity by completion of treatment, indicating that right posterior lateral frontal activity supported category-member generation. Patients who improved in treatment showed no difference in lateralization of lateral frontal activity from normal controls pre-treatment, but post-treatment, their lateral frontal activity during category-member generation was significantly more right lateralized than that of controls. Patterns of activity pre- and post-treatment suggested increasing efficiency of cortical processing as a result of treatment in the four patients who improved. The one patient who did not improve during treatment showed a leftward shift in lateral frontal lateralization that was significantly different from the four patients who did improve. Neither medial frontal nor posterior perisylvian re-lateralization from immediately pre- to immediately post-treatment images was a necessary condition for significant treatment gains or shift in lateral frontal lateralization. Of the three patients who improved and in whom posterior perisylvian activity could be measured at post-treatment fMRI, all maintained equal or greater amounts of left-hemisphere perisylvian activity as compared to right. This finding is consistent with reviews suggesting both hemispheres are involved in recovery of language in aphasia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- VA RR&D Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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22
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Gopinath K, Crosson B, McGregor K, Peck K, Chang YL, Moore A, Sherod M, Cavanagh C, Wabnitz A, Wierenga C, White K, Cheshkov S, Krishnamurthy V, Briggs RW. Selective detrending method for reducing task-correlated motion artifact during speech in event-related FMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:1105-19. [PMID: 18465746 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-correlated motion artifacts that occur during functional magnetic resonance imaging can be mistaken for brain activity. In this work, a new selective detrending method for reduction of artifacts associated with task-correlated motion (TCM) during speech in event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging is introduced and demonstrated in an overt word generation paradigm. The performance of this new method is compared with that of three existing methods for reducing artifacts because of TCM: (1) motion parameter regression, (2) ignoring images during speech, and (3) detrending time course datasets of signal components related to TCM (deduced from artifact corrupted voxels). The selective detrending method outperforms the other three methods in reducing TCM artifacts and in retaining blood oxygenation level dependent signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaundinya Gopinath
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 753908896, USA.
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23
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Zaremba AA, MacFarlane DL, Tseng WC, Stark AJ, Briggs RW, Gopinath KS, Cheshkov S, White KD. Optical head tracking for functional magnetic resonance imaging using structured light. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2008; 25:1551-1557. [PMID: 18594610 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.25.001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An accurate motion-tracking technique is needed to compensate for subject motion during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures. Here, a novel approach to motion metrology is discussed. A structured light pattern specifically coded for digital signal processing is positioned onto a fiduciary of the patient. As the patient undergoes spatial transformations in 6 DoF (degrees of freedom), a high-resolution CCD camera captures successive images for analysis on a computing platform. A high-speed image processing algorithm is used to calculate spatial transformations in a time frame commensurate with patient movements (10-100 ms) and with a precision of at least 0.5 microm for translations and 0.1 deg for rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Zaremba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, UNiversity of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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24
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Gholipour A, Kehtarnavaz N, Briggs RW, Gopinath KS, Ringe W, Whittemore A, Cheshkov S, Bakhadirov K. Validation of non-rigid registration between functional and anatomical magnetic resonance brain images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2008; 55:563-71. [PMID: 18269991 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2007.912641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a set of validation procedures for nonrigid registration of functional EPI to anatomical MRI brain images. Although various registration techniques have been developed and validated for high-resolution anatomical MRI images, due to a lack of quantitative and qualitative validation procedures, the use of nonrigid registration between functional EPI and anatomical MRI images has not yet been deployed in neuroimaging studies. In this paper, the performance of a robust formulation of a nonrigid registration technique is evaluated in a quantitative manner based on simulated data and is further evaluated in a quantitative and qualitative manner based on in vivo data as compared to the commonly used rigid and affine registration techniques in the neuroimaging software packages. The nonrigid registration technique is formulated as a second-order constrained optimization problem using a free-form deformation model and mutual information similarity measure. Bound constraints, resolution level and cross-validation issues have been discussed to show the degree of accuracy and effectiveness of the nonrigid registration technique. The analyses performed reveal that the nonrigid approach provides a more accurate registration, in particular when the functional regions of interest lie in regions distorted by susceptibility artifacts.
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25
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Crosson B, McGregor K, Gopinath KS, Conway TW, Benjamin M, Chang YL, Moore AB, Raymer AM, Briggs RW, Sherod MG, Wierenga CE, White KD. Functional MRI of language in aphasia: a review of the literature and the methodological challenges. Neuropsychol Rev 2007; 17:157-77. [PMID: 17525865 PMCID: PMC2659355 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-007-9024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal analogue studies show that damaged adult brains reorganize to accommodate compromised functions. In the human arena, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other functional neuroimaging techniques have been used to study reorganization of language substrates in aphasia. The resulting controversy regarding whether the right or the left hemisphere supports language recovery and treatment progress must be reframed. A more appropriate question is when left-hemisphere mechanisms and when right-hemisphere mechanisms support recovery of language functions. Small lesions generally lead to good recoveries supported by left-hemisphere mechanisms. However, when too much language eloquent cortex is damaged, right-hemisphere structures may provide the better substrate for recovery of language. Some studies suggest that recovery is particularly supported by homologues of damaged left-hemisphere structures. Evidence also suggests that under some circumstances, activity in both the left and right hemispheres can interfere with recovery of function. Further research will be needed to address these issues. However, daunting methodological problems must be managed to maximize the yield of future fMRI research in aphasia, especially in the area of language production. In this review, we cover six challenges for imaging language functions in aphasia with fMRI, with an emphasis on language production: (1) selection of a baseline task, (2) structure of language production trials, (3) mitigation of motion-related artifacts, (4) the use of stimulus onset versus response onset in fMRI analyses, (5) use of trials with correct responses and errors in analyses, and (6) reliability and stability of fMRI images across sessions. However, this list of methodological challenges is not exhaustive. Once methodology is advanced, knowledge from conceptually driven fMRI studies can be used to develop theoretically driven, mechanism-based treatments that will result in more effective therapy and to identify the best patient candidates for specific treatments. While the promise of fMRI in the study of aphasia is great, there is much work to be done before this technique will be a useful clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Brain Rehabilitation Research Center at the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Briggs RW, Sieh K, Meltzner AJ, Natawidjaja D, Galetzka J, Suwargadi B, Hsu YJ, Simons M, Hananto N, Suprihanto I, Prayudi D, Avouac JP, Prawirodirdjo L, Bock Y. Deformation and Slip Along the Sunda Megathrust in the Great 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake. Science 2006; 311:1897-901. [PMID: 16574861 DOI: 10.1126/science.1122602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Seismic rupture produced spectacular tectonic deformation above a 400-kilometer strip of the Sunda megathrust, offshore northern Sumatra, in March 2005. Measurements from coral microatolls and Global Positioning System stations reveal trench-parallel belts of uplift up to 3 meters high on the outer-arc islands above the rupture and a 1-meter-deep subsidence trough farther from the trench. Surface deformation reflects more than 11 meters of fault slip under the islands and a pronounced lessening of slip trenchward. A saddle in megathrust slip separates the northwestern edge of the 2005 rupture from the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman rupture. The southeastern edge abuts a predominantly aseismic section of the megathrust near the equator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Briggs
- Tectonics Observatory, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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27
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Kumar S, Wesnousky SG, Rockwell TK, Briggs RW, Thakur VC, Jayangondaperumal R. Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian Himalaya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar
- Center for Neotectonic Studies; University of Nevada; Reno Nevada USA
| | | | - Thomas K. Rockwell
- Department of Geological Sciences; San Diego State University; San Diego California USA
| | - Richard W. Briggs
- Center for Neotectonic Studies; University of Nevada; Reno Nevada USA
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Wierenga CE, Maher LM, Moore AB, White KD, McGregor K, Soltysik DA, Peck KK, Gopinath KS, Singletary F, Gonzalez-Rothi LJ, Briggs RW, Crosson B. Neural substrates of syntactic mapping treatment: an fMRI study of two cases. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006; 12:132-46. [PMID: 16433953 DOI: 10.1017/s135561770606019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 10/16/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two patients (G01, J02) with chronic nonfluent aphasia and sentence production deficits received syntactic mapping treatment to improve sentence production. The patients had dramatically different outcomes in that improved syntax production generalized to nontreatment tasks for G01, but not for JO2. To learn how treatment influenced the neural substrates for syntax production, both patients underwent pre- and posttreatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of sentence generation. G01 showed more robust activity posttreatment than pretreatment in Broca's area; ventral temporal activity decreased slightly from pre- to posttreatment. Comparison of J02's pretreatment and posttreatment images revealed little change, although activity was more diffuse pre- than posttreatment. Findings suggest that for G01, rehabilitation led to engagement of an area (Broca's area) used minimally during the pretreatment scan, whereas for J02, rehabilitation may have led to more efficient use of areas already involved in sentence generation during the pretreatment scan. fMRI findings are discussed in the context of sentence-production outcome and generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Wierenga
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center at the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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29
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Crosson B, Moore AB, Gopinath K, White KD, Wierenga CE, Gaiefsky ME, Fabrizio KS, Peck KK, Soltysik D, Milsted C, Briggs RW, Conway TW, Gonzalez Rothi LJ. Role of the right and left hemispheres in recovery of function during treatment of intention in aphasia. J Cogn Neurosci 2005; 17:392-406. [PMID: 15814000 DOI: 10.1162/0898929053279487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with residual nonfluent aphasia after ischemic stroke received an intention treatment that was designed to shift intention and language production mechanisms from the frontal lobe of the damaged left hemisphere to the right frontal lobe. Consistent with experimental hypotheses, the first patient showed improvement on the intention treatment but not on a similar attention treatment. In addition, in keeping with experimental hypotheses, the patient showed a shift of activity to right presupplementary motor area and the right lateral frontal lobe from pre- to post-intention treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of language production. In contrast, the second patient showed improvement on both the intention and attention treatments. During pre-treatment fMRI, she already showed lateralization of intention and language production mechanisms to the right hemisphere that continued into post-intention treatment imaging. From pre- to post-treatment fMRI of language production, both patients demonstrated increased activity in the posterior perisylvian cortex, although this activity was lateralized to left-hemisphere language areas in the second but not the first patient. The fact that the first patient's lesion encompassed almost all of the dominant basal ganglia and thalamus whereas the second patient's lesion spared these structures suggests that the dominant basal ganglia could play a role in spontaneous reorganization of language production functions to the right hemisphere. Implications regarding the theoretical framework for the intention treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Peck KK, Wierenga CE, Moore AB, Maher LM, Gopinath K, Gaiefsky M, Briggs RW, Crosson B. Comparison of baseline conditions to investigate syntactic production using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2004; 23:104-10. [PMID: 15325357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans has revealed increases in brain activity associated with various mental activities that are task-dependent. However, changes in brain activity have been dependent on baseline as well as experimental tasks. In the present study, fMRI was applied to investigate the most appropriate baseline task, picture naming or passive viewing of nonsense objects, to isolate syntactic processes related to 14.7-s blocks of silent sentence generation in 10 neurologically normal adults. The aim of this comparison was to determine the most suitable baseline task for the purpose of elucidating changes in the neural substrates of sentence generation following therapy for syntax production problems. Use of naming but not passive object viewing as a baseline task obscured activity in Broca's area, a region previously shown to be involved in syntactic processing. These results suggest that passive viewing of nonsense objects serves as a more appropriate baseline comparison than object naming for investigating sentence processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung K Peck
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, USA
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Perlstein WM, Cole MA, Demery JA, Seignourel PJ, Dixit NK, Larson MJ, Briggs RW. Parametric manipulation of working memory load in traumatic brain injury: behavioral and neural correlates. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004; 10:724-41. [PMID: 15327720 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617704105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Revised: 02/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with enduring impairments in high-level cognitive functioning, including working memory (WM). We examined WM function in predominantly chronic patients with mild, moderate and severe TBI and healthy comparison subjects behaviorally and, in a small subset of moderate-to-severe TBI patients, with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), using a visual n-back task that parametrically varied WM load. TBI patients showed severity-dependent and load-related WM deficits in performance accuracy, but not reaction time. Performance of mild TBI patients did not differ from controls; patients with moderate and severe TBI were impaired, relative to controls and mild TBI patients, but only at higher WM-load levels. fMRI results show that TBI patients exhibit altered patterns of activation in a number of WM-related brain regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and Broca's area. Examination of the pattern of behavioral responding and the temporal course of activations suggests that WM deficits in moderate-to-severe TBI are due to associative or strategic aspects of WM, and not impairments in active maintenance of stimulus representations. Overall, results demonstrate that individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI exhibit WM deficits that are associated with dysfunction within a distributed network of brain regions that support verbally mediated WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Perlstein
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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Briggs RW, Wesnousky SG. Late Pleistocene fault slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and recency of slip along the Pyramid Lake fault zone, northern Walker Lane, United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Briggs
- Center for Neotectonic Studies; University of Nevada; Reno Nevada USA
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Soltysik DA, Peck KK, White KD, Crosson B, Briggs RW. Comparison of hemodynamic response nonlinearity across primary cortical areas. Neuroimage 2004; 22:1117-27. [PMID: 15219583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic responses to auditory and visual stimuli and motor tasks were assessed for the nonlinearity of response in each of the respective primary cortices. Five stimulus or task durations were used (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 s), and five male subjects (aged 19 +/- 1.9 years) were imaged. Two tests of linearity were conducted. The first test consisted of using BOLD responses to short stimuli to predict responses to longer stimuli. The second test consisted of fitting ideal impulse response functions to the observed responses for each event duration. Both methods show that the extent of the nonlinearity varies across cortices. Results for the second method indicate that the hemodynamic response is nonlinear for stimuli less than 10 s in the primary auditory cortex, nonlinear for tasks less than 7 s in the primary motor cortex, and nonlinear for stimuli less than 3 s in the primary visual cortex. In addition, neural adaptation functions were characterized that could model the observed nonlinearities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Soltysik
- Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Cato MA, Crosson B, Gökçay D, Soltysik D, Wierenga C, Gopinath K, Himes N, Belanger H, Bauer RM, Fischler IS, Gonzalez-Rothi L, Briggs RW. Processing words with emotional connotation: an FMRI study of time course and laterality in rostral frontal and retrosplenial cortices. J Cogn Neurosci 2004; 16:167-77. [PMID: 15068589 DOI: 10.1162/089892904322984481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Responses of rostral frontal and retrosplenial cortices to the emotional significance of words were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-six strongly right-handed participants engaged in a language task that alternated between silent word generation to categories with positive, negative, or neutral emotional connotation and a baseline task of silent repetition of emotionally neutral words. Activation uniquely associated with word generation to categories with positive or negative versus neutral emotional connotation occurred bilaterally in rostral frontal and retrosplenial cortices. Furthermore, the time courses of activity in these areas differed, indicating that they subserve different functions in processing the emotional connotation of words. Namely, the retrosplenial cortex appears to be involved in evaluating the emotional salience of information from external sources, whereas the rostral frontal cortex also plays a role in internal generation of words with emotional connotation. In both areas, activity associated with positive or negative emotional connotation was more extensive in the left hemisphere than the right, regardless of valence, presumably due to the language demands of word generation. The present findings localize specific areas in the brain that are involved in processing emotional meaning of words within the brain's distributed semantic system. In addition, time course analysis reveals diverging mechanisms in anterior and posterior cortical areas during processing of words with emotional significance.
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Briggs RW, Dy-Liacco I, Malcolm MP, Lee H, Peck KK, Gopinath KS, Himes NC, Soltysik DA, Browne P, Tran-Son-Tay R. A pneumatic vibrotactile stimulation device for fMRI. Magn Reson Med 2004; 51:640-3. [PMID: 15004811 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the functional response of the somatosensory cortex is useful both for characterizing normal brain activity and for determining the functional integrity of damaged cortex compromised by stroke or other neurological insults. A variety of stimulators have been used to produce somatosensory cortex activation in functional brain imaging, including brushes and swabs operated manually, pneumatically and mechanically powered mechanical vibrators, air puffs, and vibrating ceramic piezoelectric wafers and benders. A closed-system, pneumatically driven rubber diaphragm is reported that overcomes many of the limitations of existing vibrotactile devices and produces robust sensory cortex activation in an fMRI experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Briggs
- Departments of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Peck KK, Moore AB, Crosson BA, Gaiefsky M, Gopinath KS, White K, Briggs RW. Functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after aphasia therapy: shifts in hemodynamic time to peak during an overt language task. Stroke 2004; 35:554-9. [PMID: 14739418 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000110983.50753.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Comparing the temporal characteristics of hemodynamic responses in activated cortical regions of aphasic patients before and after therapy would provide insight into the relationship between improved task performance and changes in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) signal. This study investigated differences in the time to peak (TTP) of hemodynamic responses in activated regions of interest (ROIs), before and after therapy, and related them to changes in task performance. METHODS Three aphasic patients and 3 controls overtly generated a single exemplar in response to a category. For the patients, TTP of hemodynamic responses in selected ROIs was compared before and after language therapy. The timing differences between auditory cues and verbal responses were compared with TTP differences between auditory and motor cortices. RESULTS The selected ROIs were significantly activated in both aphasic patients and controls during overt word generation. In the aphasic patients, both the timing difference from auditory cues to verbal responses and the TTP difference between auditory and motor cortices decreased after rehabilitation, becoming similar to the values found in controls. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that (1) rehabilitation increased the speed of word-finding processes; (2) TTP analysis was sensitive to this functional change and can be used to represent improvement in behavior; and (3) it is important to monitor the behavioral performance that might correlate with the temporal pattern of the hemodynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung K Peck
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Box 100374, J.H. Miller Health Center, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Crosson B, Benefield H, Cato MA, Sadek JR, Moore AB, Wierenga CE, Gopinath K, Soltysik D, Bauer RM, Auerbach EJ, Gökçay D, Leonard CM, Briggs RW. Left and right basal ganglia and frontal activity during language generation: contributions to lexical, semantic, and phonological processes. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2003; 9:1061-77. [PMID: 14738287 DOI: 10.1017/s135561770397010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
fMRI was used to determine the frontal, basal ganglia, and thalamic structures engaged by three facets of language generation: lexical status of generated items, the use of semantic vs. phonological information during language generation, and rate of generation. During fMRI, 21 neurologically normal subjects performed four tasks: generation of nonsense syllables given beginning and ending consonant blends, generation of words given a rhyming word, generation of words given a semantic category at a fast rate (matched to the rate of nonsense syllable generation), and generation of words given a semantic category at a slow rate (matched to the rate of generating of rhyming words). Components of a left pre-SMA-dorsal caudate nucleus-ventral anterior thalamic loop were active during word generation from rhyming or category cues but not during nonsense syllable generation. Findings indicate that this loop is involved in retrieving words from pre-existing lexical stores. Relatively diffuse activity in the right basal ganglia (caudate nucleus and putamen) also was found during word-generation tasks but not during nonsense syllable generation. Given the relative absence of right frontal activity during the word generation tasks, we suggest that the right basal ganglia activity serves to suppress right frontal activity, preventing right frontal structures from interfering with language production. Current findings establish roles for the left and the right basal ganglia in word generation. Hypotheses are discussed for future research to help refine our understanding of basal ganglia functions in language generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville, USA.
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Verne GN, Himes NC, Robinson ME, Gopinath KS, Briggs RW, Crosson B, Price DD. Central representation of visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in the irritable bowel syndrome. Pain 2003; 103:99-110. [PMID: 12749964 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients have both visceral and cutaneous hyperalgesia. The neural mechanisms of these forms of hyperalgesia were further characterized by comparing cortical processing of both rectal distension (35, 55mmHg) and cutaneous heat nociceptive stimuli (foot immersion in 45 and 47 degrees C water bath) in IBS patients and in a group of healthy age/sex-matched controls. Our approach relied on functional magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging analyses in which brain activation in age/sex-matched control subjects was subtracted from that found in IBS patients. These analyses revealed that both rectal distension and cutaneous heat stimuli evoked greater neural activity in several brain regions of IBS patients in comparison to age/sex-matched control subjects. These include those related to early stages of somatosensory processing (e.g. thalamus, somatosensory cortex) as well as those more related to cognitive and affective processing (insular, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that hyperalgesia of IBS is manifested by increased somatosensory processing at all cortical levels. This was found to be the case not only for visceral hyperalgesia but also for cutaneous heat hyperalgesia, a likely form of secondary hyperalgesia. Furthermore, visceral and heat hyperalgesia were accompanied by increased neural activity within the same brain structures. These results support the hypothesis that visceral and cutaneous hyperalgesia in IBS patients is related to increased afferent processing in pathways ascending to the brain rather than to selectively increased activity at higher cortical levels (e.g. limbic and frontal cortical areas).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nicholas Verne
- Research Service (151), Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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39
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Crosson B, Cato MA, Sadek JR, Gökçay D, Bauer RM, Fischler IS, Maron L, Gopinath K, Auerbach EJ, Browd SR, Briggs RW. Semantic monitoring of words with emotional connotation during fMRI: contribution of anterior left frontal cortex. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2002; 8:607-22. [PMID: 12164671 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617702801394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that cortex in the anterior portions of the left frontal and temporal lobes participates in generating words with emotional connotations and processing pictures with emotional content. If these cortices process the semantic attribute of emotional connotation, they should be active whenever processing emotional connotation, without respect to modality of input or mode of output. Thus, we hypothesized that they would activate during monitoring of words with emotional connotations. Sixteen normal subjects performed semantic monitoring of words with emotional connotations, animal names, and implement names during fMRI. Cortex in the anterior left frontal lobe demonstrated significant activity for monitoring words with emotional connotations compared to monitoring tone sequences, animal names, or implement names. Together, the current and previous results implicate cortex in the anterior left frontal lobe in semantic processing of emotional connotation, consistent with connections of this cortex to paralimbic association areas. Current findings also indicate that neural substrates for processing emotional connotation are independent of substrates for processing the categories of living and nonliving things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville 32610-0165, USA.
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Crosson B, Benefield H, Allison Cato M, Sadek JR, Gopinath K, Soltysik D, Bauer RM, Auerbach EJ, Gokcay D, Leonard CM, Briggs RW. Left parahippocampal gyrus activity during language generation. Neuroimage 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Crosson B, Sadek JR, Maron L, Gökçay D, Mohr CM, Auerbach EJ, Freeman AJ, Leonard CM, Briggs RW. Relative shift in activity from medial to lateral frontal cortex during internally versus externally guided word generation. J Cogn Neurosci 2001; 13:272-83. [PMID: 11244551 DOI: 10.1162/089892901564225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Goldberg (1985) hypothesized that as language output changes from internally to externally guided production, activity shifts from supplementary motor area (SMA) to lateral premotor areas, including Broca's area. To test this hypothesis, 15 right-handed native English speakers performed three word generation tasks varying in the amount of internal guidance and a repetition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Volumes of significant activity for each task versus a resting state were derived using voxel-by-voxel repeated-measures t tests (p <.001) across subjects. Changes in the size of activity volumes for left medial frontal regions (SMA and pre-SMA/BA 32) versus left lateral frontal regions (Broca's area, inferior frontal sulcus) were assessed as internal guidance of word generation decreased and external guidance increased. Comparing SMA to Broca's area, Goldberg's hypothesis was not verified. However, pre-SMA/BA 32 activity volumes decreased significantly and inferior frontal sulcus activity volumes increased significantly as word generation tasks moved from internally to externally guided.
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Yang QX, Smith MB, Briggs RW, Rycyna RE. Microimaging at 14 tesla using GESEPI for removal of magnetic susceptibility artifacts in T(2)(*)-weighted image contrast. J Magn Reson 1999; 141:1-6. [PMID: 10527737 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1999.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T(2)(*)-weighted contrast is significantly enhanced by extremely high magnetic field strength, offering broad potential applications. However, the T(2)(*)-weighted image contrast distortion and signal loss artifact arising from discontinuities of magnetic susceptibility within and around the sample are also increased, limiting utilization of high field systems for T(2)(*)-weighted contrast applications. Due to the B(0) dependence of the contrast distortions and signal losses, and the heterogeneity of magnetic susceptibility in biological samples, magnetic susceptibility artifacts worsen dramatically for in vivo microimaging at higher fields. Practical applications of T(2)(*)-sensitive techniques enhanced by higher magnetic fields are therefore challenged. This report shows that magnetic susceptibility artifacts dominate T(2)(*)-weighted image contrast at 14 T, and demonstrates that the GESEPI (gradient echo slice excitation profile imaging) technique effectively reduces or eliminates these artifacts at long TE in the highest field (14 T) currently available for (1)H imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q X Yang
- Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2390, USA. . psghs.edu
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45
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Crosson B, Radonovich K, Sadek JR, Gökçay D, Bauer RM, Fischler IS, Cato MA, Maron L, Auerbach EJ, Browd SR, Briggs RW. Left-hemisphere processing of emotional connotation during word generation. Neuroreport 1999; 10:2449-55. [PMID: 10574350 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199908200-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Areas of the brain's left hemisphere involved in retrieving words with emotional connotations were studied with fMRI. Participants silently generated words from different semantic categories which evoked either words with emotional connotations or emotionally neutral words. Participants repeated emotionally neutral words as a control task. Compared with generation of emotionally neutral words, generation of words with emotional connotations engaged cortices near the left frontal and temporal poles which are connected to the limbic system. Thus, emotional connotations of words are processed in or near cortices with access to emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Crosson
- University of Florida Brain Institute and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville 32610-0165, USA
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46
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Crosson B, Sadek JR, Bobholz JA, Gökçay D, Mohr CM, Leonard CM, Maron L, Auerbach EJ, Browd SR, Freeman AJ, Briggs RW. Activity in the paracingulate and cingulate sulci during word generation: an fMRI study of functional anatomy. Cereb Cortex 1999; 9:307-16. [PMID: 10426410 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/9.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The supracallosal medial frontal cortex can be divided into three functional domains: a ventral region with connections to the limbic system, an anterior dorsal region with connections to lateral prefrontal systems, and a posterior dorsal region with connections to lateral motor systems. Lesion and functional imaging studies implicate this medial frontal cortex in speech and language generation. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of word generation was designed to determine which of these three functional domains was substantially involved by mapping individual subjects' functional activity onto structural images of their left medial frontal cortex. Of 28 neurologically normal right-handed participants, 21 demonstrated a prominent paracingu- late sulcus (PCS), which lies in the anterior dorsal region with connections to lateral prefrontal systems. Activity increases for word generation centered in the PCS in 18 of these 21 cases. The posterior dorsal region also demonstrated significant activity in a majority of participants (16/28 cases). Activity rarely extended into the cingulate sulcus (CS) (3/21 cases) when there was a prominent PCS. If there was no prominent PCS, however, activity did extend into the CS (6/7 cases). In no case was activity present on the crest of the cingulate gyrus, which is heavily connected to the limbic system. Thus, current findings suggest that medial frontal activity during word generation reflects cognitive and motor rather than limbic system participation. The current study demonstrates that suitably designed fMRI studies can be used to determine the functional significance of anatomic variants in human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Crosson
- University of Florida Brain Institute and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, 32610-0165, USA.
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Mohr CM, King WM, Freeman AJ, Briggs RW, Leonard CM. Influence of speech stimuli intensity on the activation of auditory cortex investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am 1999; 105:2738-2745. [PMID: 10335626 DOI: 10.1121/1.426942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of variations in the acoustic signal is critical for the development of auditory and language fMRI as an experimental tool. We describe the dependence of the BOLD signal and speech intelligibility on the intensity of auditory stimuli. Eighteen subjects were imaged on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Speech stimuli were English monosyllabic words played at five intensity levels. Intrasubject reproducibility was measured on one subject by presenting the stimulus five times at the same intensity level. Intelligibility was measured during data acquisition as subjects signaled when hearing two targets. Each functional trial consisted of four cycles (30 s off-30 s on). Five oblique slices covering primary and association auditory areas were imaged. Activated voxels were identified by cross-correlation analysis and their percent signal change (delta S) was measured. Intersubject differences in activation extent, asymmetry, and dependence on intensity were striking. Volume of activation was significantly greater in the left than in the right hemisphere. Intrasubject reproducibility for delta S was higher than for volume of activation. delta S and intelligibility showed a similar dependence on intensity suggesting that not only intensity but also intelligibility affect the fMRI signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Mohr
- Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Briggs RW, Bowers CR. The wallace brey symposium. J Magn Reson 1998; 134:197-198. [PMID: 9761694 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1998.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- RW Briggs
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Harris NG, Plant HD, Inglis BA, Briggs RW, Jones HC. Neurochemical changes in the cerebral cortex of treated and untreated hydrocephalic rat pups quantified with in vitro 1H-NMR spectroscopy. J Neurochem 1997; 68:305-12. [PMID: 8978739 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68010305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of infantile hydrocephalus is poorly understood, and shunt treatment does not always lead to a normal neurological outcome. To investigate some of the neurochemical changes in infantile hydrocephalus and the response to shunt treatment, we have used high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy to analyze extracts of cerebral cortex from H-Tx rats, which have inherited hydrocephalus with an onset in late gestation. Hydrocephalic rats and rats with shunts placed at either 4 or 12 days after birth were studied at 21 days after birth, together with age-matched control littermates. In hydrocephalic rats there was a 46-62% reduction in the following compounds: myo-inositol, creatine, choline-containing compounds, N-acetyl aspartate, taurine, glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, and alanine. Phosphocreatine, glycine, GABA, and lactate were also reduced but not significantly. These changes are consistent with neuronal atrophy rather than ischemic damage. In hydrocephalic rats that received shunt treatment at 4 days, there were no significant reductions in any chemicals, indicating a normal complement of neurons. However, some compounds, particularly taurine, were elevated above control. After treatment at 12 days, N-acetyl aspartate and aspartate remained significantly reduced, suggesting continued neuronal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Briggs RW, Wu Z, Mladinich CR, Stoupis C, Gauger J, Liebig T, Ros PR, Ballinger JR, Kubilis P. In vivo animal tests of an artifact-free contrast agent for gastrointestinal MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 15:559-66. [PMID: 9254000 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(97)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of shortcomings are associated with most currently used gastrointestinal contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Artifacts resulting from peristalsis and other motions in the abdominal region are produced by many positive contrast agents (which increase signal intensity). Although this is not a problem for negative contrast agents (which decrease signal intensity), some negative contrast agents produce magnetic susceptibility artifacts that are especially pronounced at high field strength and with gradient echo pulse sequences. These susceptibility artifacts are produced by both paramagnetic and diamagnetic agents. It has been demonstrated in phantoms, however, that susceptibility matching can be used to produce contrast agents with desirable relaxation and contrast properties but without deleterious susceptibility artifacts. We now report results of animal tests of such an oral contrast agent, consisting of a suspension of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles and diamagnetic barium sulfate particles, compared to individual suspensions of the iron oxide and of the barium sulfate. Iron oxide was the least effective and the matched susceptibility mixture was the most effective for the intestine, which has traditionally been the most difficult region of the GI tract to visualize clearly. Matched susceptibility mixtures, which are inherently able to yield images free of susceptibility artifacts without compromising contrast, show promise of being improved oral negative contrast agents for use in gastrointestinal MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Briggs
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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