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Bai X, Dong C, Shao X, Rahman FU, Hao H, Zhang Y. Research progress of fullerenes and their derivatives in the field of PDT. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116398. [PMID: 38614061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary studies, the predominant utilization of C60 derivatives pertains to their role as photosensitizers or agents that scavenge free radicals. The intriguing coexistence of these divergent functionalities has prompted extensive investigation into water-soluble fullerenes. The photodynamic properties of these compounds find practical applications in DNA cleavage, antitumor interventions, and antibacterial endeavors. Consequently, photodynamic therapy is progressively emerging as a pivotal therapeutic modality within the biomedical domain, owing to its notable levels of safety and efficacy. The essential components of photodynamic therapy encompass light of the suitable wavelength, oxygen, and a photosensitizer, wherein the reactive oxygen species generated by the photosensitizer play a pivotal role in the therapeutic mechanism. The remarkable ability of fullerenes to generate singlet oxygen has garnered significant attention from scholars worldwide. Nevertheless, the limited permeability of fullerenes across cell membranes owing to their low water solubility necessitates their modification to enhance their efficacy and utilization. This paper reviews the applications of fullerene derivatives as photosensitizers in antitumor and antibacterial fields for the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Chungeng Dong
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xinle Shao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France; Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
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Unnisa A, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System for Brain Tumours and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:255-270. [PMID: 35345990 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220328125206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manufacture structures, devices, and systems. Nanotechnology's prospective breakthroughs are incredible, and some cannot even be comprehended right now. The blood-brain barrier, which is a prominent physiological barrier in the brain, limits the adequate elimination of malignant cells by changing the concentration of therapeutic agents at the target tissue. Nanotechnology has sparked interest in recent years as a way to solve these issues and improve drug delivery. Inorganic and organic nanomaterials have been found to be beneficial for bioimaging approaches and controlled drug delivery systems. Brain cancer (BC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two of the prominent disorders of the brain. Even though the pathophysiology and pathways for both disorders are different, nanotechnology with common features can deliver drugs over the BBB, advancing the treatment of both disorders. This innovative technology could provide a foundation for combining diagnostics, treatments, and delivery of targeted drugs to the tumour site, further supervising the response and designing and delivering materials by employing atomic and molecular elements. There is currently limited treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and reversing further progression is difficult. Recently, various nanocarriers have been investigated to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of many AD treatment drugs. Nanotechnology-assisted drugs can penetrate the BBB and reach the target tissue. However, further research is required in this field to ensure the safety and efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and Alzheimer's disease is briefly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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Injac R. Potential Medical Use of Fullerenols After Two Decades of Oncology Research. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231201515. [PMID: 37724005 PMCID: PMC10510368 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231201515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes are carbon molecules that are found in nature in various forms. They are composed of hexagonal and pentagonal rings that create closed structures. Almost 4 decades ago, fullerenes were identified in the form of C60 and C70, and following the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this discovery in 1996, many laboratories started working on their water-soluble derivatives that could be used in different industries, including pharmaceutical industries. One of the first fullerene forms that was the focus of different research groups was fullerenol, C60(OH)n (n = 2-44). Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that polyhydroxylate fullerene derivatives can potentially be used as either antioxidative agents or cytostatics (depending on their co-administration, forms, and concentration/dose) in biological systems. The current review aimed to present a critical view of the potential applications and limitations of fullerenols in oncology, as understood from the past 2 decades of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rade Injac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tandon A, Singh SJ, Chaturvedi RK. Nanomedicine against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1507-1545. [PMID: 33087025 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201021140904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are the two most rampant neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Existing treatments have a limited effect on the pathophysiology but are unable to fully arrest the progression of the disease. This is due to the inability of these therapeutic molecules to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. We discuss how nanotechnology has enabled researchers to develop novel and efficient nano-therapeutics against these diseases. The development of nanotized drug delivery systems has permitted an efficient, site-targeted, and controlled release of drugs in the brain, thereby presenting a revolutionary therapeutic approach. Nanoparticles are also being thoroughly studied and exploited for their role in the efficient and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. We summarize the role of different nano-carriers and RNAi-conjugated nanoparticle-based therapeutics for their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges underlying the use of nanomedicine with a focus on their route of administration, concentration, metabolism, and any toxic effects for successful therapeutics in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangh J Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish K Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu W, Dong X, Liu Y, Sun Y. Photoresponsive materials for intensified modulation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β protein aggregation: A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:93-109. [PMID: 33465508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into toxic aggregates is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Modulation of Aβ fibrillization with pharmacological modalities has become an active field of research, which aims to mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and ameliorate impaired recognition. Among the various strategies for AD treatment, phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photoresponsive release systems have attracted increased attention because of the spatiotemporal controllability. Under the irradiation of light, the heat or reactive oxygen species generated by photothermal or photodynamic processes significantly enhances the efficacy of the inhibitor or modulator, and the "caged" drug can be accurately released at the intended site, thus avoiding adverse effects. This review, from a viewpoint of materials, focuses on the recent advances in modulating Aβ aggregation by light that irradiates on the materials that function on modulating Aβ aggregation. Representative examples of PTT, PDT, and photoresponsive drug release systems are discussed in terms of inhibitory mechanism, the unique properties of materials, and the design of modulators. The major challenges of phototherapy against AD are addressed and the promising prospects are proposed. It is concluded that the noninvasive light-assisted approaches will become a promising strategy for intensifying the modulation of Aβ aggregation and thus facilitating AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the hallmark of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition is affecting more than 50 million people globally. It is urgent to explore intelligent materials to modulate Aβ aggregation. This review summarizes the intensified modulation of Aβ aggregation by a variety of photoresponsive materials including photothermal, photosensitizing and photoresponsive release materials, focusing on their characteristics and functionalities. We believe this review would arouse more interest in the research field of stimuli-responsive materials and promote their clinical applications in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Dogra A, Narang RS, Narang JK. Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutic Interventions for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2257-2279. [PMID: 32321393 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200422092620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), with impairment of learning and memory as the common clinical manifestations, is one of the most challenging diseases affecting individuals, their families and society as a whole. The fact that its prevalence is escalating rapidly, with the total number of AD patients estimated to reach 115.4 million by 2050, has made the disease a very challenging ailment worldwide. Several biological barriers like the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), drug efflux by P-glycoprotein and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier restrict the delivery of conventional AD drugs to the central nervous system (CNS), thereby limiting their effectiveness. In order to overcome the above physiological barriers, the development of nanomedicines has been extensively explored. The present review provides an insight into the pathophysiology of AD and risk factors associated with AD. Besides, various nanoformulations reported in the literature for the diagnosis and treatments of AD have been classified and summarised. The patented nanoformulations for AD and details of nanoformulations which are in clinical trials are also mentioned. The review would be helpful to researchers and scientific community by providing them with information related to the recent advances in nanointerventions for the diagnosis and treatment of AD, which they can further explore for better management of the disease. However, although the nanotherapeutics for managing AD have been extensively explored, the factors which hinder their commercialisation, the toxicity concern being one of them, need to be addressed so that effective nanotherapeutics for AD can be developed for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - R S Narang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jasjeet K Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Mohajeri M, Behnam B, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Carbon nanomaterials and amyloid-beta interactions: potentials for the detection and treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:186-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ahmad J, Akhter S, Rizwanullah M, Khan MA, Pigeon L, Addo RT, Greig NH, Midoux P, Pichon C, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology Based Theranostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease Management: Current Status and Future Perspective. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 14:1164-1181. [PMID: 28482786 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170508121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), a cognitive dysfunction/dementia state amongst the elders is characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration due to varied pathophysiology. Up till now, anti-AD drugs having different pharmacology have been developed and used in clinic. Yet, these medications are not curative and only lowering the AD associated symptoms. Improvement in treatment outcome required drug targeting across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the central nervous system (CNS) in optimal therapeutic concentration. Nanotechnology based diagnostic tools, drug carriers and theranostics offer highly sensitive molecular detection, effective drug targeting and their combination. Over the past decade, significant works have been done in this area and we have seen very remarkable outocome in AD therapy. Various nanoparticles from organic and inorganic nanomaterial category have successfully been investigated against AD. CONCLUSION This paper discussed the role of nanoparticles in early detection of AD, effective drug targeting to brain and theranostic (diagnosis and therapy) approaches in AD's management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, UP- 229010. India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, Orleans, France
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Lucie Pigeon
- Nucleic acids transfer by non viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
| | - Richard T Addo
- Union University, School of Pharmacy Room 149 Providence Hall, 1050 Union University Drive, Jackson, TN 38305. United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224. United States
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Nucleic acids transfer by non viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Nucleic acids transfer by non viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
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Silva Adaya D, Aguirre-Cruz L, Guevara J, Ortiz-Islas E. Nanobiomaterials' applications in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:953-984. [PMID: 28178902 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216659032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the interface between the blood and brain, impeding the passage of most circulating cells and molecules, protecting the latter from foreign substances, and maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. However, its restrictive nature constitutes an obstacle, preventing therapeutic drugs from entering the brain. Usually, a large systemic dose is required to achieve pharmacological therapeutic levels in the brain, leading to adverse effects in the body. As a consequence, various strategies are being developed to enhance the amount and concentration of therapeutic compounds in the brain. One such tool is nanotechnology, in which nanostructures that are 1-100 nm are designed to deliver drugs to the brain. In this review, we examine many nanotechnology-based approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The review begins with a brief history of nanotechnology, followed by a discussion of its definition, the properties of most reported nanomaterials, their biocompatibility, the mechanisms of cell-material interactions, and the current status of nanotechnology in treating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Of all strategies to deliver drug to the brain that are used in nanotechnology, drug release systems are the most frequently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Silva Adaya
- 1 Experimental Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, Mexico
| | - Lucinda Aguirre-Cruz
- 2 Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- 3 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mèxico City, Mexico
| | - Emma Ortiz-Islas
- 4 Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
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11
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Zhu X, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Biological applications of hydrophilic C60 derivatives (hC60s)- a structural perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:438-52. [PMID: 27049677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and radical scavenging are dual properties of hydrophilic C60 derivatives (hC60s). hC60s eliminate radicals in dark, while they produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of irradiation and oxygen. Compared to the pristine C60 suspension, the aqueous solution of hC60s is easier to handle in vivo. hC60s are diverse and could be placed into two general categories: covalently modified C60 derivatives and pristine C60 solubilized non-covalently by macromolecules. In order to present in detail, the above categories are broken down into 8 parts: C60(OH)n, C60 with carboxylic acid, C60 with quaternary ammonium salts, C60 with peptide, C60 containing sugar, C60 modified covalently or non-covalently solubilized by cyclodextrins (CDs), pristine C60 delivered by liposomes, functionalized C60-polymer and pristine C60 solubilized by polymer. Each hC60 shows the propensity to be ROS producer or radical scavenger. This preference is dependent on hC60s structures. For example, major application of C60(OH)n is radical scavenger, while pristine C60/γ-CD complex usually serves as ROS producer. In addition, the electron acceptability and innate hydrophobic surface confer hC60s with O2 uptake inhibition, HIV inhibition and membrane permeability. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods and biological applications of hC60s according to the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan 430056, China.
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Abstract
One of the major challenges in the field of nucleic acid delivery is the design of delivery vehicles with attributes that render them safe as well as efficient in transfection. To this end, polycationic vectors have been intensely investigated with native polyethylenimines (PEIs) being the gold standard. PEIs are highly efficient transfectants, but depending on their architecture and size they induce cytotoxicity through different modes of cell death pathways. Here, we briefly review dynamic and integrated cell death processes and pathways, and discuss considerations in cell death assay design and their interpretation in relation to PEIs and PEI-based engineered vectors, which are also translatable for the design and studying the safety of other transfectants.
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13
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Zhou X, Xi W, Luo Y, Cao S, Wei G. Interactions of a Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative with Amyloid-β Protofibrils: Dynamics, Binding Mechanism, and the Resulting Salt-Bridge Disruption. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6733-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503458w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics,
Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics,
Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics,
Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics,
Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics,
Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Delphinidin Ameliorates Beta-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Calcium Influx and Tau Hyperphosphorylation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1685-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Antimisiaris S, Mourtas S, Markoutsa E, Skouras A, Papadia K. Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and/or Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Fullerenols as a new therapeutic approach in nanomedicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:751913. [PMID: 24222914 PMCID: PMC3814052 DOI: 10.1155/2013/751913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to the bioactive properties of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: fullerenols, with emphasis on their pro- and antioxidative properties. Due to their hydrophilic properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals, fullerenols may, in the future, provide a serious alternative to the currently used pharmacological methods in chemotherapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and radiobiology. Some of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy are anthracycline antibiotics. Anthracycline therapy, in spite of its effective antitumor activity, induces systemic oxidative stress, which interferes with the effectiveness of the treatment and results in serious side effects. Fullerenols may counteract the harmful effects of anthracyclines by scavenging free radicals and thereby improve the effects of chemotherapy. Additionally, due to the hollow spherical shape, fullerenols may be used as drug carriers. Moreover, because of the existence of the currently ineffective ways for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, alternative compounds, which could prevent the negative effects of oxidative stress in the brain, are still sought. In the search of alternative methods of treatment and diagnosis, today's science is increasingly reaching for tools in the field of nanomedicine, for example, fullerenes and their water-soluble derivatives, which is addressed in the present paper.
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Zhang M, Mao X, Yu Y, Wang CX, Yang YL, Wang C. Nanomaterials for reducing amyloid cytotoxicity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3780-801. [PMID: 23722464 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review is intended to reflect the recent progress on therapeutic applications of nanomaterials in amyloid diseases. The progress on anti-amyloid functions of various nanomaterials including inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials and biomolecular aggregates, is reviewed and discussed. The main functionalization strategies for general nanoparticle modifications are reviewed for potential applications of targeted therapeutics. The interaction mechanisms between amyloid peptides and nanomaterials are discussed from the perspectives of dominant interactions and kinetics. The encapsulation of anti-amyloid drugs, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release and drug delivery crossing blood brain barrier by application of nanomaterials would also improve the therapeutics of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Chen DL, Zhang P, Lin L, Shuai O, Zhang HM, Liu SH, Wang JY. Protective effect of Bajijiasu against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:837-50. [PMID: 23812758 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a major protein component of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), is also directly neurotoxic. Mitigation of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is thus a possible therapeutic approach to delay or prevent onset and progression of AD. This study evaluated the protective effect of Bajijiasu (β- D-fructofuranosyl (2-2) β- D-fructofuranosyl), a dimeric fructose isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Morinda officinalis, on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Bajijiasu alone had no endogenous neurotoxicity up to 200 μM. Brief pretreatment with 10-40 μM Bajijiasu (2 h) significantly reversed the reduction in cell viability induced by subsequent 24 h exposure to Aβ25-35 (21 μM) as measured by MTT and LDH assays, and reduced Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced annexin V-EGFP staining. Bajijiasu also decreased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in PC12 cells, upregulated expression of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, prevented depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), and blocked Aβ25-35-induced increases in [Ca(2+)] i . Furthermore, Bajijiasu reversed Aβ25-35-induced changes in the expression levels of p21, CDK4, E2F1, Bax, NF-κB p65, and caspase-3. Bajijiasu is neuroprotective against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, likely by protecting against oxidative stress and ensuing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Ling Chen
- Southern Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Brambilla D, Le Droumaguet B, Nicolas J, Hashemi SH, Wu LP, Moghimi SM, Couvreur P, Andrieux K. Nanotechnologies for Alzheimer's disease: diagnosis, therapy, and safety issues. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:521-40. [PMID: 21477665 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia worldwide, affecting more than 35 million people. Advances in nanotechnology are beginning to exert a significant impact in neurology. These approaches, which are often based on the design and engineering of a plethora of nanoparticulate entities with high specificity for brain capillary endothelial cells, are currently being applied to early AD diagnosis and treatment. In addition, nanoparticles (NPs) with high affinity for the circulating amyloid-β (Aβ) forms may induce "sink effect" and improve the AD condition. There are also developments in relation to in vitro diagnostics for AD, including ultrasensitive NP-based bio-barcodes, immunosensors, as well as scanning tunneling microscopy procedures capable of detecting Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). However, there are concerns regarding the initiation of possible NP-mediated adverse events in AD, thus demanding the use of precisely assembled nanoconstructs from biocompatible materials. Key advances and safety issues are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brambilla
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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20
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Podolski IY, Podlubnaya ZA, Godukhin OV. Fullerenes C60, antiamyloid action, the brain, and cognitive processes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350910010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Kahnt A, Guldi DM, Brettreich M, Hartnagel U, Hirsch A. Reaction of water-soluble fullerenes with O2˙−and other reactive radical species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b917346n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Kosenko EA, Solomadin IN, Kaminsky YG. Effect of the β-amyloid peptide Aβ25–35 and fullerene C60 on the activity of enzymes in erythrocytes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:172-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Kosenko EA, Solomadin IN, Marov NV, Venediktova NI, Pogosian AS, Kaminskiĭ IG. [Role of glycolysis and antioxidant enzymes in the toxicity of amyloid beta peptide Abeta25-35 to erythrocytes]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 34:654-60. [PMID: 19060940 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162008050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of glycolysis and antioxidant enzymes in amyloid beta peptide Abeta(25-35) toxicity to human and rat erythrocytes was studied. The erythrotoxicity of Abeta(25-35) was shown to increase two- to fourfold both in the absence of glucose in the incubation medium and upon the addition of sodium fluoride, an enolase inhibitor. Potassium cyanide, a Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase inhibitor, abolishes the toxic effect of Abeta(25-35) to erythrocytes, whereas mercaptosuccinate, a glutathione peroxidase inhibitor, and ouabain, a Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor, promote it. Sodium azide, a catalase inhibitor, did not affect the cell lysis under the action of Abeta(25-35) . The results support the hypothesis that H2O2, Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are involved in the toxicity mechanism rather than superoxide radical. Glycolysis and Na+,K+-ATPase play a substantial protective role. Fullerene C(60) nanoparticles are toxic to erythrocytes of both types; their toxicity is not related to enhanced oxidative stress and the mechanism of toxicity differs from that of Abeta(25-35) .
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24
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Solomadin IN, Marov NV, Venediktova NI, Kosenko EA, Kaminsky YG. Toxic effect of Aβ25–35 and fullerene C60 on erythrocytes. BIOL BULL+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359008040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Ye H, Jalini S, Mylvaganam S, Carlen P. Activation of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels depresses basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 area in APP (swe/ind) TgCRND8 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:591-604. [PMID: 18547679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels regulate synaptic transmission by contributing to the repolarization phase of the action potential that invades the presynaptic terminal. BK channels are prone to activation under pathological conditions, such as brain ischemia and epilepsy. It is unclear if activation of these channels contributes to the depression of synaptic transmission observed in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we recorded the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the hippocampus CA1 region of brain slices from 6 to 9 weeks (pre-plaque) TgCRND8 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease that harbors a double amyloid precursor mutation (KM670N/671L "Swedish" and V717F "Indiana"). Compared to age-matched controls, the fEPSPs in these animals are significantly depressed. This depression is largely mediated by the activation of presynaptic BK channels in the CA1 area. Both BK channel blockers (charybdotoxin and paxilline), and the fast binding calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, enhance the fEPSP by deactivating the BK channels. Repetitive stimulation to the afferent pathway enhances fEPSP. This enhancement is more prominent when BK channel blockers are added in Tg slices, suggesting that repetitive stimulation further promotes BK channel activation in Tg slices. The potential candidates that mediate the activation of BK channels in these pre-plaque Alzheimer's disease model mice might involve impaired calcium homeostasis and AD related over-generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada.
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26
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Panaxydol and panaxynol protect cultured cortical neurons against Aβ25–35-induced toxicity. Neuropharmacology 2008; 54:845-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Chronic alcoholization-induced damage to astroglia and intensification of lipid peroxidation in the rat brain: Protector effect of hydrated form of fullerene C60. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-007-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Toxicity Studies of Fullerenes and Derivatives. BIO-APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES 2007; 620:168-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76713-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Lin YH, Liu AH, Wu HL, Westenbroek C, Song QL, Yu HM, Ter Horst GJ, Li XJ. Salvianolic acid B, an antioxidant from Salvia miltiorrhiza, prevents Abeta(25-35)-induced reduction in BPRP in PC12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:593-9. [PMID: 16890202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support that beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neurotoxicity is mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevation of intracellular calcium. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the major and most active anti-oxidant from Salvia miltiorrhiza, protects diverse kinds of cells from damage caused by a variety of toxic stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Sal B against beta-amyloid peptide 25-35 (Abeta(25-35))-induced neurotoxicity, focused mainly on the neurotoxic effects of Abeta(25-35) and the neuroprotective effects of Sal B on the expression of brain-pancreas relative protein (BPRP), which is a new protein and mainly expressed in brain and pancreas. Following exposure of PC12 cells to 20 microM Abeta(25-35), a marked reduction in the expression of BPRP was observed, accompanied with decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, as well as increased ROS production and calcium influx. Treatment of the PC12 cells with Sal B significantly reversed the expression of BPRP and cell viability while it decreased ROS production and intracellular calcium. These data indicate that Abeta(25-35) decreases the expression of BPRP via enhanced formation of intracellular ROS and increased intracellular calcium, and that Sal B, as an anti-oxidant, protects against Abeta(25-35)-induced reduction in expression of BPRP through its effects on suppressing the production of ROS, calcium flux, and apoptosis. However, the role(s) of BPRP in AD and the definite mechanisms by which Sal B protects against Abeta(25-35)-induced reduction in the expression of BPRP require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Rincón ME, Hu H, Campos J, Ruiz-García J. Electrical and Optical Properties of Fullerenol Langmuir−Blodgett Films Deposited on Polyaniline Substrates. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022159z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación en EnergíaUNAM, Apartado Postal 34, Temixco, Mor. 62580, Mexico, and Instituto de FísicaUASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, Mexico
| | - H. Hu
- Centro de Investigación en EnergíaUNAM, Apartado Postal 34, Temixco, Mor. 62580, Mexico, and Instituto de FísicaUASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, Mexico
| | - J. Campos
- Centro de Investigación en EnergíaUNAM, Apartado Postal 34, Temixco, Mor. 62580, Mexico, and Instituto de FísicaUASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, Mexico
| | - J. Ruiz-García
- Centro de Investigación en EnergíaUNAM, Apartado Postal 34, Temixco, Mor. 62580, Mexico, and Instituto de FísicaUASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, Mexico
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31
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Ballot S, Noiret N. Oxorhenium(V) ‘3+2’ mixed-ligand complexes carrying the SNO/SN donor and C60. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Peng QL, Buz'Zard AR, Lau BHS. Pycnogenol protects neurons from amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2002; 104:55-65. [PMID: 12117551 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is one of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Morphological pathology reveals that neuronal apoptosis is associated with senile plaques containing amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) in AD brains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proposed to be involved in the apoptotic mechanism of Abeta-mediated neurotoxicity. In the present study, using a rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line, we investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (PYC), a potent antioxidant and ROS scavenger, on Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis and ROS generation. We used vitamin E, a known antioxidant agent, to verify the effect of PYC. Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was demonstrated by: (1) a dose-dependent loss of cell viability; (2) a time- and dose-dependent increase in the apoptotic cells; (3) an induction of DNA fragmentation; and (4) an increase in caspase-3 activity and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Our data showed that a significant increase in ROS formation preceded apoptotic events after PC12 cells were exposed to Abeta(25-35). We further found that PYC not only suppressed the generation of ROS but also attenuated caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and eventually protected against Abeta-induced apoptosis. Vitamin E also suppressed cell death and caspase-3 activation induced by Abeta(25-35). Taken together, these results suggest that ROS may be involved in Abeta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. They further suggest that PYC can reduce apoptosis, possibly by decreasing free radical generation in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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33
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Shea TB, Ekinci FJ, Ortiz D, Dawn-Linsley M, Wilson TO, Nicolosi RJ. Efficacy of vitamin E, phosphatidyl choline, and pyruvate on buffering neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress in cultured cortical neurons and in central nervous tissue of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:276-82. [PMID: 12106823 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in neuronal degeneration. However, vitamin E was only marginally effective in clinical trials. We examined whether or not a mixture of vitamin E (as alpha-tocopherol), sodium pyruvate and phosphatidyl choline (PC), a mixture that promotes wound healing in non-neuronal systems, would provide neuroprotection beyond that observed with vitamin E alone. Combined treatment with these agents improved survival and neuritic spouting of murine embryonic cortical neurons in culture, and provided neuroprotection against oxidative damage following treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Dietary treatment with these three agents also compensated for the diminished oxidative buffering capacity of brains of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, while vitamin E alone failed to do so. These data underscore the possibility that critical nutritional deficiencies may modulate the impact of genetic compromise on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Shea
- Center for Cellular Neurobiology and Neurodegeneration Research, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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35
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Lin H, Bhatia R, Lal R. Amyloid beta protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. FASEB J 2001; 15:2433-44. [PMID: 11689468 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0377com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta protein (AbetaP) is the major constituent of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its mechanistic role in AD pathogenesis is poorly understood. Globular and nonfibrillar AbetaPs are continuously released during normal metabolism. Using techniques of atomic force microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, electrical recording, and biochemical assays, we have examined the molecular conformations of reconstituted globular AbetaPs as well as their real-time and acute effects on neuritic degeneration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of AbetaP1-42 shows globular structures that do not form fibers in physiological-buffered solution for up to 8 h of continuous imaging. AFM of AbetaP1-42 reconstituted in a planar lipid bilayer reveals multimeric channel-like structures. Consistent with these AFM resolved channel-like structures, biochemical analysis demonstrates that predominantly monomeric AbetaPs in solution form stable tetramers and hexamers after incorporation into lipid membranes. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrate the presence of multiple single channel currents of different sizes. At the cellular level, AbetaP1-42 allows calcium uptake and induces neuritic abnormality in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. At physiological nanomolar concentrations, rapid neuritic degeneration was observed within minutes; at micromolar concentrations, neuronal death was observed within 3-4 h. These effects are prevented by zinc (an AbetaP channel blocker) and by the removal of extracellular calcium, but are not prevented by antagonists of putative AbetaP cell surface receptors. Thus, AbetaP channels may provide a direct pathway for calcium-dependent AbetaP toxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93016, USA
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