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Barrera-Adame DA, Schuster S, Niedermeyer THJ. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Coniine and Other Hemlock Alkaloids after On-Tissue Derivatization Reveals Distinct Alkaloid Distributions in the Plant. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38904441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites play important roles in plants and can, for example, protect plants from predators or pathogens. Alkaloids, due to their pronounced biological activity on higher animals, are one of the most intriguing groups of specialized metabolites, and many of them are known as plant defense compounds. Poison hemlock, Conium maculatum, is well-known for its high content of piperidine alkaloids, of which coniine is the most famous. The distribution, localization, and diversity of these compounds in C. maculatum tissues have not yet been studied in detail. The hemlock alkaloids are low molecular weight compounds with relatively high volatility. They are thus difficult to analyze on-tissue by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging due to delocalization, which occurs even when using an atmospheric pressure ion source. In this manuscript, we describe an on-tissue derivatization method that allows the subsequent determination of the spatial distribution of hemlock alkaloids in different plant tissues by mass spectrometry imaging. Coniferyl aldehyde was found to be a suitable reagent for derivatization of the secondary amine alkaloids. The imaging analysis revealed that even chemically closely related hemlock alkaloids are discretely distributed in different plant tissues. Additionally, we detected a yet undescribed hemlock alkaloid in Conium maculatum seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Barrera-Adame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Yadeta AT. Chemical structures, biological activities, and medicinal potentials of amine compounds detected from Aloe species. Front Chem 2024; 12:1363066. [PMID: 38496272 PMCID: PMC10940337 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1363066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Unrestricted interest in Aloe species has grown rapidly, and a lot of research is currently being done to learn more about the properties of the various Aloe constituents. Organic compounds containing amine as functional group are present in a vivid variety of compounds, namely, amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, DNA, alkaloids, dyes, etc. These compounds have amine functional groups that have various biological activities, which make them responsible for medicinal potential in the form of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Consequently, the present review work provides an indication of the amines investigated in Aloe species and their therapeutic uses. Various amine compounds of the Aloe species have effective biological properties to treat diseases. Generally, the genus Aloe has various active amine-containing compounds to combat diseases when humans use them in various forms.
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Gebremariam A, Gebrezgabher BG, Desta KT, Sbhatu DB, Berhe GG, Abdirkadir M, Tsegay E. Aloe adigratana Reynolds: Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Content, Essential Oil Analysis, and In Vitro Antifungal Activity Studies of Its Leaf Peels and Gel. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:321-332. [PMID: 37664179 PMCID: PMC10473414 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s420990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aloe species are among the most significant plants with several applications. Many of the species, however, are underexplored, owing to their scarcity and limited geographical distribution. A. adigratana Reynolds, which is common in Ethiopia, is one of the little-studied and endangered Aloe species. Objective This preliminary study focuses on the phytochemical screening, proximate analysis, essential oil content, and antifungal activities of A. adigratana leaf peels. Antifungal activities were also tested on the gels of the plant for comparison. Methods Standard procedures were used for phytochemical and proximate composition studies. Essential oil analysis was performed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument. Using the well-diffusion method, investigations on antifungal activity were performed on three clinically isolated specimens of dandruff-causing fungus; namely, Malassezia furfur, Malassezia restricta, and Malassezia globosa. Results The leaf peels of A. adigratana contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenes. The mean moisture, ash, and crude fat levels were 85.69, 92.20, and 8.00%, respectively, whereas the mean total protein and mean total carbohydrate values were 2.59 and 3.04%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry investigation confirmed the presence of fifteen essential oils. The most prevalent essential oil component was discovered to be phytol (33.78%), followed by decane (11.29%). In a dose-dependent way, the leaf latex and gel extracts prevented the growth of three dandruff-causing Malassezia fungal species (M. furfur, M. restricta, and M. globosa). Both the latex and gel demonstrated the maximum activity on M. globosa, the most prevalent fungus in the research area, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.24 and 0.48 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentrations of 0.48 and 0.97 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion In general, the proximate and essential oil compositions of A. adigratana leaves were comparable to those of other Aloe species widely used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, implying that A. adigratana could be a potential future plant for such industries.
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Peddinti G, Hotti H, Teeri TH, Rischer H. De novo transcriptome assembly of Conium maculatum L. to identify candidate genes for coniine biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17562. [PMID: 36266299 PMCID: PMC9584964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) is a notorious weed containing the potent alkaloid coniine. Only some of the enzymes in the coniine biosynthesis have so far been characterized. Here, we utilize the next-generation RNA sequencing approach to report the first-ever transcriptome sequencing of five organs of poison hemlock: developing fruit, flower, root, leaf, and stem. Using a de novo assembly approach, we derived a transcriptome assembly containing 123,240 transcripts. The assembly is deemed high quality, representing over 88% of the near-universal ortholog genes of the Eudicots clade. Nearly 80% of the transcripts were functionally annotated using a combination of three approaches. The current study focuses on describing the coniine pathway by identifying in silico transcript candidates for polyketide reductase, L-alanine:5-keto-octanal aminotransferase, γ-coniceine reductase, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:coniine methyltransferase. In vitro testing will be needed to confirm the assigned functions of the selected candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Peddinti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, VTT, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannu Hotti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, VTT, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, VTT, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland.
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Botanical description, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of genus Kniphofia and Aloe: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abouelela ME, Assaf HK, Abdelhamid RA, Elkhyat ES, Sayed AM, Oszako T, Belbahri L, El Zowalaty AE, Abdelkader MSA. Identification of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike Protein Inhibitors from the Genus Aloe: An In Silico Study for Drug Development. Molecules 2021; 26:1767. [PMID: 33801151 PMCID: PMC8004122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease is a global rapidly spreading virus showing very high rates of complications and mortality. Till now, there is no effective specific treatment for the disease. Aloe is a rich source of isolated phytoconstituents that have an enormous range of biological activities. Since there are no available experimental techniques to examine these compounds for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, we employed an in silico approach involving molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation using SARS-CoV-2 essential proteins as main protease and spike protein to identify lead compounds from Aloe that may help in novel drug discovery. Results retrieved from docking and molecular dynamics simulation suggested a number of promising inhibitors from Aloe. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) calculations indicated that compounds 132, 134, and 159 were the best scoring compounds against main protease, while compounds 115, 120, and 131 were the best scoring ones against spike glycoprotein. Compounds 120 and 131 were able to achieve significant stability and binding free energies during molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, the highest scoring compounds were investigated for their pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness. The Aloe compounds are promising active phytoconstituents for drug development for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (H.K.A.); (R.A.A.); (E.S.E.)
| | - Hamdy K. Assaf
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (H.K.A.); (R.A.A.); (E.S.E.)
| | - Reda A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (H.K.A.); (R.A.A.); (E.S.E.)
| | - Ehab S. Elkhyat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (H.K.A.); (R.A.A.); (E.S.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Sekocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed E. El Zowalaty
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shahab S, Sheikhi M, Khaleghian M, Murashko M, Ahmadianarog M, Atroshko M. Investigation of Adsorption Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Coniine: A DFT Study. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617666210108114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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For the first time in the present study, the non-bonded interaction of the Coniine (C8H17N) with carbon monoxide
(CO) was investigated by density functional theory (DFT/M062X/6-311+G*) in the gas phase and solvent water. The
adsorption of the CO over C8H17N was affected on the electronic properties such as EHOMO, ELUMO, the energy gap between
LUMO and HOMO, global hardness. Furthermore, chemical shift tensors and natural charge of the C8H17N and complex
C8H17N/CO were determined and discussed. According to the natural bond orbital (NBO) results, the molecule C8H17N and
CO play as both electron donor and acceptor at the complex C8H17N/CO in the gas phase and solvent water. On the other
hand, the charge transfer is occurred between the bonding, antibonding or nonbonding orbitals in two molecules C8H17N
and CO. We have also investigated the charge distribution for the complex C8H17N/CO by molecular electrostatic potential
(MEP) calculations using the M062X/6-311+G* level of theory. The electronic spectra of the C8H17N and complex
C8H17N/CO were calculated by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) for investigation of the maximum wavelength value of the
C8H17N before and after the non-bonded interaction with the CO in the gas phase and solvent water. Therefore, C8H17N can
be used as strong absorbers for air purification and reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoome Sheikhi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Khaleghian
- Department of Chemistry, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Ahmadianarog
- Department of Chemistry, Malekan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran
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Acute oral toxicity test from leaf exudates of 17 Aloe species from East and South of the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang W, Lu F, Zhang C, Guo Q, Quan H. Synthesis of hydrohalocyclobutenes through dechlorination of hydrohalocyclobutanes in amide solvents. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Zhang W, Zhang C, Guo Q, Lu F, Quan H. Synthesis of hydrofluorocycloolefins through dehydrofluorination of hydrofluorocycloalkanes in amide solvents. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bacterial Analogs of Plant Tetrahydropyridine Alkaloids Mediate Microbial Interactions in a Rhizosphere Model System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.03058-18. [PMID: 30877115 PMCID: PMC6498172 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03058-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiomes of plants are critical to host physiology and development. Microbes are attracted to the rhizosphere due to massive secretion of plant photosynthates from roots. Microorganisms that successfully join the rhizosphere community from bulk soil have access to more abundant and diverse molecules, producing a highly competitive and selective environment. In the rhizosphere, as in other microbiomes, little is known about the genetic basis for individual species’ behaviors within the community. In this study, we characterized competition between Pseudomonas koreensis and Flavobacterium johnsoniae, two common rhizosphere inhabitants. We identified a widespread gene cluster in several Pseudomonas spp. that is necessary for the production of a novel family of tetrahydropyridine alkaloids that are structural analogs of plant alkaloids. We expand the known repertoire of antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere and demonstrate the role of the metabolites in interactions with other rhizosphere bacteria. Plants expend significant resources to select and maintain rhizosphere communities that benefit their growth and protect them from pathogens. A better understanding of assembly and function of rhizosphere microbial communities will provide new avenues for improving crop production. Secretion of antibiotics is one means by which bacteria interact with neighboring microbes and sometimes change community composition. In our analysis of a taxonomically diverse consortium from the soybean rhizosphere, we found that Pseudomonas koreensis selectively inhibits growth of Flavobacterium johnsoniae and other members of the Bacteroidetes grown in soybean root exudate. A genetic screen in P. koreensis identified a previously uncharacterized biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the inhibitory activity. Metabolites were isolated based on biological activity and were characterized using tandem mass spectrometry, multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and Mosher ester analysis, leading to the discovery of a new family of bacterial tetrahydropyridine alkaloids, koreenceine A to D (metabolites 1 to 4). Three of these metabolites are analogs of the plant alkaloid γ-coniceine. Comparative analysis of the koreenceine cluster with the γ-coniceine pathway revealed distinct polyketide synthase routes to the defining tetrahydropyridine scaffold, suggesting convergent evolution. Koreenceine-type pathways are widely distributed among Pseudomonas species, and koreenceine C was detected in another Pseudomonas species from a distantly related cluster. This work suggests that Pseudomonas and plants convergently evolved the ability to produce similar alkaloid metabolites that can mediate interbacterial competition in the rhizosphere. IMPORTANCE The microbiomes of plants are critical to host physiology and development. Microbes are attracted to the rhizosphere due to massive secretion of plant photosynthates from roots. Microorganisms that successfully join the rhizosphere community from bulk soil have access to more abundant and diverse molecules, producing a highly competitive and selective environment. In the rhizosphere, as in other microbiomes, little is known about the genetic basis for individual species’ behaviors within the community. In this study, we characterized competition between Pseudomonas koreensis and Flavobacterium johnsoniae, two common rhizosphere inhabitants. We identified a widespread gene cluster in several Pseudomonas spp. that is necessary for the production of a novel family of tetrahydropyridine alkaloids that are structural analogs of plant alkaloids. We expand the known repertoire of antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere and demonstrate the role of the metabolites in interactions with other rhizosphere bacteria.
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Green BT, Lee ST, Gardner DR, Welch KD, Cook D. Bioactive Alkaloids from Plants Poisonous to Livestock in North America. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T. Green
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Stephen T. Lee
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
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Salehi B, Albayrak S, Antolak H, Kręgiel D, Pawlikowska E, Sharifi-Rad M, Uprety Y, Tsouh Fokou PV, Yousef Z, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Varoni EM, Sharopov F, Martins N, Iriti M, Sharifi-Rad J. Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2843. [PMID: 30235891 PMCID: PMC6163315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran.
| | - Sevil Albayrak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, P.O. Box 1030 Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Ngoa Ekelle, Annex Fac. Sci, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Zubaida Yousef
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1/3, 20100 Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
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Hotti H, Rischer H. The killer of Socrates: Coniine and Related Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111962. [PMID: 29135964 PMCID: PMC6150177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coniine, a polyketide-derived alkaloid, is poisonous to humans and animals. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, which leads to inhibition of the nervous system, eventually causing death by suffocation in mammals. Coniine’s most famous victim is Socrates who was sentenced to death by poison chalice containing poison hemlock in 399 BC. In chemistry, coniine holds two historical records: It is the first alkaloid the chemical structure of which was established (in 1881), and that was chemically synthesized (in 1886). In plants, coniine and twelve closely related alkaloids are known from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.), and several Sarracenia and Aloe species. Recent work confirmed its biosynthetic polyketide origin. Biosynthesis commences by carbon backbone formation from butyryl-CoA and two malonyl-CoA building blocks catalyzed by polyketide synthase. A transamination reaction incorporates nitrogen from l-alanine and non-enzymatic cyclization leads to γ-coniceine, the first hemlock alkaloid in the pathway. Ultimately, reduction of γ-coniceine to coniine is facilitated by NADPH-dependent γ-coniceine reductase. Although coniine is notorious for its toxicity, there is no consensus on its ecological roles, especially in the carnivorous pitcher plants where it occurs. Lately there has been renewed interest in coniine’s medical uses particularly for pain relief without an addictive side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Hotti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland.
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Akaberi M, Sobhani Z, Javadi B, Sahebkar A, Emami SA. Therapeutic effects of Aloe spp. in traditional and modern medicine: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:759-772. [PMID: 27716590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is a useful guide in medical sciences. In the Islamic Iranian traditional medicine, the medicinal properties of many plants have been mentioned that could be exploited in drug discovery. We aimed to explore the nature and properties of Aloe spp. As described in some major Islamic traditional texts including Ferdows al-Hekmah fi'l-Tibbe (The Paradise of Wisdom in Medicine), Al-Hawi fi'l-Tibb (Comprehensive Book of Medicine), Kamel al-Sanaat al-Tibbyyah (Complete Book of the Medical Art), Al-Qanun fi'l-Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Zakhireh Kharazmshahi (Treasure of Kharazmshah), and Makhzan al-Adwiah (Drug Treasure), and assess the conformity of traditional medicine instructions with the findings of modern pharmacological studies. Gastrointestinal activities, hepato-protective properties, beneficial effects against skin problems such as wounds, injuries, and infective diseases are among the most frequently mentioned properties of Aloe spp. Several activities of Aloe spp. described in traditional medicine have been the subject of recent in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials. Owing to the positive findings, different preparations of Aloe spp. are now present in pharmaceutical markets such as Aloe cosmetic products. On the other hand, there are many traditional therapeutic effects of Aloe spp. which have not been studied and require confirmatory experimental or clinical investigations. It is hoped that the present study could stimulate further research on the unexplored aspects of the medicinal properties of Aloe spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Cock IE. The Genus Aloe: Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Uses Including Treatments for Gastrointestinal Conditions and Chronic Inflammation. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 2015; 70:179-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0927-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Dai Y, Harinantenaina L, Bowman JD, Da Fonseca IO, Brodie PJ, Goetz M, Cassera MB, Kingston DGI. Isolation of antiplasmodial anthraquinones from Kniphofia ensifolia, and synthesis and structure-activity relationships of related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:269-76. [PMID: 24326280 PMCID: PMC3919637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided separation of the South African plant Kniphofia ensifolia for antiplasmodial activity led to the isolation of two new anthraquinones, named kniphofiones A and B (3 and 4), together with three known bioactive anthraquinone monomers (1, 2 and 5), and four known bisanthraquinones (6-9). The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated based on analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. The dimeric compounds 6 and 7 displayed the strongest antiplasmodial activity among all the isolated compounds, with IC₅₀ values of 0.4 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. The two new compounds displayed modest activities, with IC₅₀ values of 26 ± 4 and 9 ± 1 μM, respectively. Due to the synthetic accessibility of the new compounds and the increased activity shown by the dimeric compounds, a structure-activity relationship study was conducted. As a result, one analogue of kniphofione B (4), the caffeic acid derivative of aloe-emodin, was found to have the highest activity among all the aloe-emodin derivatives, with an IC50 value of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Liva Harinantenaina
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jessica D Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Isabel Osorio Da Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Peggy J Brodie
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Michael Goetz
- Natural Products Discovery Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Maria B Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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18
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Lee ST, Green BT, Welch KD, Jordan GT, Zhang Q, Panter KE, Hughes D, Chang CWT, Pfister JA, Gardner DR. Stereoselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of γ-Coniceine and N-Methylconiine Enantiomers. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:616-21. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400050r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Benedict T. Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Glenn T. Jordan
- Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy, 11525 Snider Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45249, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-0300, United States
| | - Kip E. Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - David Hughes
- Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy, 11525 Snider Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45249, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-0300, United States
| | - James A. Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
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19
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Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Brown DR. Piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2049-55. [PMID: 22449544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Piperidine alkaloids are acutely toxic to adult livestock species and produce musculoskeletal deformities in neonatal animals. These teratogenic effects include multiple congenital contracture (MCC) deformities and cleft palate in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. Poisonous plants containing teratogenic piperidine alkaloids include poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), lupine (Lupinus spp.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [including wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)]. There is abundant epidemiological evidence in humans that link maternal tobacco use with a high incidence of oral clefting in newborns; this association may be partly attributable to the presence of piperidine alkaloids in tobacco products. In this review, we summarize the evidence for piperidine alkaloids that act as teratogens in livestock, piperidine alkaloid structure-activity relationships and their potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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20
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Reynolds T. Hemlock alkaloids from Socrates to poison aloes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:1399-1406. [PMID: 15955542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemlock (Conium maculatum L. Umbelliferae) has long been known as a poisonous plant. Toxicity is due to a group of piperidine alkaloids of which the representative members are coniine and gamma-coniceine. The latter is the more toxic and is the first formed biosynthetically. Its levels in relation to coniine vary widely according to environmental conditions and to provenance of the plants. Surprisingly, these piperidine alkaloids have turned up in quite unrelated species in the monocotyledons as well as the dicotyledons. Aloes, for instance, important medicinal plants, are not regarded as poisonous although some species are very bitter. Nevertheless a small number of mostly local species contain the alkaloids, especially gamma-coniceine and there have been records of human poisoning. The compounds are recognized by their characteristic mousy smell. Both acute and chronic symptoms have been described. The compounds are neurotoxins and death results from respiratory failure, recalling the effects of curare. Chronic non-lethal ingestion by pregnant livestock leads to foetal malformation. Both acute and chronic toxicity are seen with stock in damp meadows and have been recorded as problems especially in North America. The alkaloids derive biosynthetically from acetate units via the polyketide pathway in contrast to other piperidine alkaloids which derive from lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Reynolds
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Surrey, UK.
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21
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D'hooghe M, Szakonyi Z, Fülöp F, Kimpe ND. SYNTHESIS OFN-(4-CHLOROBUTYL)BUTANAMIDE, A CHLORINATED AMIDE ISOLATED FROMALOE SABAEA. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940309355861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Gómez Calvo A. El Aloe Vera en Medicina. Semergen 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1138-3593(03)74215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Abstract
A comprehensive survey has been made of all fatty acids containing halogen atoms covalently bonded to carbon and which are deemed as naturally occurring. Generally thought to be minor components produced by many different organisms, these interesting compounds now number more than 300. Recent research, especially in the marine area, indicates this number will increase in the future. Sources of halogenated fatty acids include microorganisms, algae, marine invertebrates, and higher plants and some animals. Their possible biological significance has also been discussed
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, PO Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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