1
|
Liu J, Li H, Luo X, Ma L, Li C, Qu S. A lectin gene is involved in the defense of Pleurotus ostreatus against the mite predator Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191500. [PMID: 37180275 PMCID: PMC10174108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, found worldwide in many habitats, is an important pest of edible mushrooms. Excessive chemical spraying for pest control has been linked to environmental pollution, health risks, insecticide resistance development, and food safety. Host resistance can be sustainable and cost-effective and provide effective and economical pest control. Previous studies have reported that the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus has evolved effective defense mechanisms against T. putrescentiae attack, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that a lectin gene from P. ostreatus mycelia, Polec2, induced fungal resistance to mite grazing. Polec2 belongs to a galectin-like lectin classification, encoding a protein with β-sandwith-fold domain. Overexpression of Polec2 in P. ostreatus led to activation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. The activation resulted in bursts of antioxidant activities of catalases (CAT), peroxidases (POD), superoxide dismutases (SOD), and increased production of SA, JA, jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and jasmonic acid methyl ester (MeJA), accompanied by reduced T. putrescentiae feeding and suppressed its population. We also provide an overview of the phylogenetic distribution of lectins across 22 fungal genomes. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms of P. ostreatus' defense against the mite predator and will be useful in investigating the molecular basis of fungi-fungivory interactions and gene mining for pest-resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuixin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Cuixin Li,
| | - Shaoxuan Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Shaoxuan Qu,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Feng N, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Liu L, Feng J. Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Mushrooms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 184:219-268. [PMID: 36244999 DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research progress of active compounds and biological activities of medicinal mushroom-Ganoderma spp., Hericium spp., Phellinus spp., and Cordyceps spp. were summarized systematically. The main active compounds of medicinal mushrooms included are polysaccharides, proteins, triterpenes, meroterpenoids, polyphenols and nitrogen-containing compounds. The biological activities of the compounds cover immunomodulatory activity, antitumor activity, hypoglycemic activity, hepatoprotective activity, and activity of regulation of intellectual flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oke MA, Afolabi FJ, Oyeleke OO, Kilani TA, Adeosun AR, Olanbiwoninu AA, Adebayo EA. Ganoderma lucidum: Unutilized natural medicine and promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952027. [PMID: 36071846 PMCID: PMC9441938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has been used for the prevention and treatment of different ailments to enhance longevity and health specifically in China, Japan, and Korea. It was known as “God’s herb” in ancient China as it was believed to prolong life, enhance the youthful spirit and sustain/preserve vitality. G. lucidum is seldom collected from nature and is substantially cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the international market demand. Both in vitro and in vivo studies on the copious metabolic activities of G. lucidum have been carried out. Varied groups of chemical compounds including triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes with potent pharmacological activities have been isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum. Several researchers have reported the abundance and diversification of its biological actions triggered by these chemical compounds. Triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic antiallergic, neuroprotective, antitumor, immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic activities. Various formulations have been developed, patented, and utilized as nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum extracts and active compounds. Thus, this review presents current updates on emerging infectious diseases and highlights the scope, dynamics, and advances in infectious disease management with a particular focus on Ganoderma lucidum, an unutilized natural medicine as a promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. However, details such as the chemical compound and mode of action of each bioactive against different emerging diseases were not discussed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Oke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - F. J. Afolabi
- Mushrooms Department, National Biotechnology Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O. O. Oyeleke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T. A. Kilani
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A. R. Adeosun
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A. A. Olanbiwoninu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - E. A. Adebayo
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Mushrooms Department, National Biotechnology Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: E. A. Adebayo,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viceconte FR, Diaz ML, Soresi DS, Lencinas IB, Carrera A, Prat MI, Gurovic MSV. Ganoderma sessile is a fast polysaccharide producer among Ganoderma species. Mycologia 2021; 113:513-524. [PMID: 33764859 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1870255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The selection of fast-growing and high-yield-producing strains is required to satisfy the market demand on fungal food supplements. To that aim, three strains deposited in our collection as G. lucidum and G. oregonense were screened for polysaccharide production and biomass yield. Ganoderma strains deposited as G. lucidum were identified as G. sessile and G. lingzhi by nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) phylogenies. The identity of G. oregonense was confirmed by molecular phylogeny and biogeography. Additionally, mycelial antagonism confirmed species differentiation, and strains were further distinguished by morphology and protein profiles. Biomass and polysaccharide yields of G. sessile were clearly different from those of G. lingzhi and G. oregonense in both liquid culture and solid-state fermentation. The maximum polysaccharide yield (4.52 ± 0.83 g L-1) for G. sessile was obtained from submerged cultures at day 9. G. sessile also achieved the highest linear growth in lignocellulosic solid substrates. Consequently, basidiomata were successfully obtained by solid-state fermentation in polypropylene bags, whereas G. lingzhi and G. oregonense mushrooms were not produced in artificial solid substrates. G. sessile, a species frequently collected in America, showed to be a promising polysaccharide producer for the manufacture of dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima R Viceconte
- Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km7, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina L Diaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Calle 526, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela S Soresi
- Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km7, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ileana B Lencinas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Carrera
- Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km7, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 612, B8001 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Inés Prat
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Vela Gurovic
- Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km7, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM, Abu-Serie MM, Hashish MH, Selim HS. Lectins purified from medicinal and edible mushrooms: Insights into their antiviral activity against pathogenic viruses. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:239-258. [PMID: 33676978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, fungi have been a valuable and promising source of therapeutic agents for treatment of various diseases. Mushroom is a macrofungus which has been cultivated worldwide for its nutritional value and medicinal applications. Several bioactive molecules were extracted from mushroom such as polysaccharides, lectins and terpenoids. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with non-immunologic origin. Lectins were classified according to their structure, origin and sugar specificity. This protein has different binding specificity with surface glycan moiety which determines its activity and therapeutic applications. A wide range of medicinal activities such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic were reported from sugar-binding proteins. However, glycan-binding protein from mushroom is not well explored as antiviral agent. The discovery of novel antiviral agents is a public health emergency to overcome the current pandemic and be ready for the upcoming viral pandemics. The mechanism of action of lectin against viruses targets numerous steps in viral life cycle such as viral attachment, entry and replication. This review described the history, classification, purification techniques, structure-function relationship and different therapeutic applications of mushroom lectin. In addition, we focus on the antiviral activity, purification and physicochemical characteristics of some mushroom lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hashish
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba S Selim
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choengpanya K, Ratanabunyong S, Seetaha S, Tabtimmai L, Choowongkomon K. Anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase property of some edible mushrooms in Asia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2807-2815. [PMID: 34012322 PMCID: PMC8116966 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious health threat worldwide. One of its core enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT), is a target for HIV inhibition. A number of bioactive compounds have been successfully used for HIV treatment. However, HIV rapidly mutates, and long-term treatment can cause drug-resistant strains. Therefore, new inhibitors are required to overcome this problem. In this study, the aqueous, ethanolic and hexane crude extracts of 19 edible and medicinal mushrooms, which are widely grown and available commercially in Thailand, were screened against HIV-1 RT. The results showed that the water extracts of A. blazei and I. obliquus, the ethanol extracts of I. obliquus and P. igniarius and the hexane extract of I. obliquus exhibited strong anti-HIV-1 RT activity with IC50 values of 1.92 ± 0.15, 4.39 ± 0.79, 6.17 ± 0.76 and 7.75 ± 246 µg/ml, respectively. These mushrooms have the potential for HIV treatment, and further study on identification of the bioactive compounds against HIV-1 RT should be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siriluk Ratanabunyong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Supaphorn Seetaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Companion Animals Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suzuki T. Genetic sequence analysis and characterization of bioactive compounds in mushroom-forming fungi. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:8-12. [PMID: 33577662 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom-forming fungi produce unique bioactive compounds that have potential applications as medicines, supplements, and agrochemicals. Thus, it is necessary to clarify the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds using genome and transcriptome analyses. This review introduces some of our research on bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, as well as genetic analysis with next-generation sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh RS, Walia AK, Kennedy JF. Mushroom lectins in biomedical research and development. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1340-1350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Li LD, Mao PW, Shao KD, Bai XH, Zhou XW. Ganoderma proteins and their potential applications in cosmetics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9239-9250. [PMID: 31659419 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma have been regarded as a traditional source of natural bioactive compounds for centuries and have recently been exploited for potential components in the cosmetics industry. Besides Ganoderma polysaccharides and triterpenes, multiple proteins have been found in Ganoderma. With the in-depth study of these proteins, various pharmacological functions of Ganoderma have become important in the discovery and development of new products. In the review, we summarized and discussed the kinds and characteristics of Ganoderma proteins, especially on fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) which can be potentially developed into cosmeceuticals or nutricosmetics and are a suitable target for production using established biotechnological methods. Furthermore, we discuss their pharmacological activities of the proteins with a focus on their pharmacological functions related to cosmetics, such as antioxidant activity, inhibition of melanin, antibacterial activity, and regulation of inflammatory mediators. Numerous other questions also are addressed before the proteins can be widely accepted and used as cosmetic additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Dingji Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wen Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Di Shao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 311 Agriculture and Biology New Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saltarelli R, Palma F, Gioacchini AM, Calcabrini C, Mancini U, De Bellis R, Stocchi V, Potenza L. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities and effects on nuclear DNA of ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:464-473. [PMID: 30513345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (also known as Linghzhi and Reishi) is the most appreciated and revered medicinal mushroom across many Asian countries, but its properties have also attracted interest in Western countries. Indeed, in the West, it is now commercially available as a dietary supplement in preparations mainly made from spores, fruiting bodies and mycelia. It is employed in both nutraceutical and pharmacological formulations either for its immuno-modulating anti-inflammatory properties or as an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases as well as in cancer treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this investigation was to show the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of an ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum and to assess its effects on nuclear DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC/ESI-MS and tandem mass spectrometry MSMS were used to obtain structural identification of ethanolic G. lucidum extract constituents. Antioxidant activities were determined by the DPPH method, chelating effect on Fe2+ and lipoxygenase inhibition while cytotoxic activities using the MTT assay. Effects on nuclear DNA were evaluated using the DNA nicking assay in a cell-free system and the fast halo assay performed on oxidatively injured human U937 cells; apoptosis induction was investigated using the non-denaturing fast halo assay and DNA laddering detection. RESULTS This extract was rich in several bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic and triterpenic acids. It showed antioxidant activity and protective effects in oxidatively injured DNA in cell-free analyses and antiproliferative, genotoxic, and proapoptotic effects in the cell model. CONCLUSIONS Italian G. lucidum mycelium isolate appears to be a source of various natural compounds that may have applications as chemopreventive agents or functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Francesco Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Gioacchini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, RN, Italy.
| | - Umberto Mancini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh SS, Wong JH, Ng TB, Singh WS, Thangjam R. Biomedical Applications of Lectins from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:220-230. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180612081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin which have at least one noncatalytic
domain that bind reversibly to specific mono or oligosaccharides. Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) involves a broad range of medicinal practices sharing common concepts which have been
developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than thousands of years. Plant materials which
are commonly used in TCM as a complementary or alternative for Western medical treatments contain a
considerable number of important lectins. These lectins have been reported to have various applications
and uses such as cancer treatment, glycoconjugate research, biomarker development, and others. Here,
we summarize the available literature related to lectins from TCM and recent trends in their potential
biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senjam Sunil Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, India
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayenbam Sobhachandra Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, India
| | - Robert Thangjam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl - 796 004, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sultana MJ, Taufiq Alam M, Ahmed FRS. WITHDRAWN: Purification and characterizations of a new mannose specific lectin from Bangladeshi cultivated sword bean with antiproliferative activities against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vivo in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018:S0141-8130(18)32948-9. [PMID: 30502424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mst Jesmin Sultana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - M Taufiq Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nikitina VE, Loshchinina EA, Vetchinkina EP. Lectins from Mycelia of Basidiomycetes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1334. [PMID: 28640205 PMCID: PMC5535827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins of a nonimmunoglobulin nature that are capable of specific recognition of and reversible binding to the carbohydrate moieties of complex carbohydrates, without altering the covalent structure of any of the recognized glycosyl ligands. They have a broad range of biological activities important for the functioning of the cell and the whole organism and, owing to the high specificity of reversible binding to carbohydrates, are valuable tools used widely in biology and medicine. Lectins can be produced by many living organisms, including basidiomycetes. Whereas lectins from the fruit bodies of basidiomycetes have been studied sufficiently well, mycelial lectins remain relatively unexplored. Here, we review and comparatively analyze what is currently known about lectins isolated from the vegetative mycelium of macrobasidiomycetes, including their localization, properties, and carbohydrate specificities. Particular attention is given to the physiological role of mycelial lectins in fungal growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Nikitina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Loshchinina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Elena P Vetchinkina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ng T, Ngai PH, Xia L. An agglutinin with mitogenic and antiproliferative activities from the mushroomFlammulina velutipes. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick H.K. Ngai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China, and College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mushroom lectins: specificity, structure and bioactivity relevant to human disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7802-38. [PMID: 25856678 PMCID: PMC4425051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunoglobulin proteins that bind diverse sugar structures with a high degree of selectivity. Lectins play crucial role in various biological processes such as cellular signaling, scavenging of glycoproteins from the circulatory system, cell-cell interactions in the immune system, differentiation and protein targeting to cellular compartments, as well as in host defence mechanisms, inflammation, and cancer. Among all the sources of lectins, plants have been most extensively studied. However, more recently fungal lectins have attracted considerable attention due to their antitumor, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Given that only 10% of mushroom species are known and have been taxonomically classified, mushrooms represent an enormous unexplored source of potentially useful and novel lectins. In this review we provide an up-to-date summary on the biochemical, molecular and structural properties of mushroom lectins, as well as their versatile applications specifically focusing on mushroom lectin bioactivity.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Singh SS, Wang H, Chan YS, Pan W, Dan X, Yin CM, Akkouh O, Ng TB. Lectins from edible mushrooms. Molecules 2014; 20:446-69. [PMID: 25558856 PMCID: PMC6272671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are famous for their nutritional and medicinal values and also for the diversity of bioactive compounds they contain including lectins. The present review is an attempt to summarize and discuss data available on molecular weights, structures, biological properties, N-terminal sequences and possible applications of lectins from edible mushrooms. It further aims to update and discuss/examine the recent advancements in the study of these lectins regarding their structures, functions, and exploitable properties. A detailed tabling of all the available data for N-terminal sequences of these lectins is also presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senjam Sunil Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India.
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cui Ming Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ouafae Akkouh
- Department of Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Leiden University of Applied Science, Zernikedreef 11, Leiden 2333 CK, The Netherlands.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Purification, Characterization, and cDNA Cloning of a Lectin from the MushroomPleurocybella porrigens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:702-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Sekete M, Ma D, Wang B, Wang HX, Gong Z, Ng TB. An acid-tolerant lectin coupled with high Hg2+ potentiated hemagglutination enhancing property purified from Amanita hemibapha var. ochracea. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Alborés S, Mora P, Cerdeiras MP, Franco Fraguas L. Screening for lectins from basidiomycetes and isolation of Punctularia atropurpurascens
lectin. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:89-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alborés
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Paola Mora
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - María Pía Cerdeiras
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Laura Franco Fraguas
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Stepanova LV, Burygin GL, Nikitina VE, Tsivileva OM. On the role of carbohydrate-protein highly selective interactions in the biological activity of glycoconjugates: Grifola frondosa (Fr.) S.F. Gray lectin binding to specific and non-specific antibodies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Singh RS, Bhari R, Kaur HP. Mushroom lectins: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 30:99-126. [PMID: 20105049 DOI: 10.3109/07388550903365048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are nonimmune proteins or glycoproteins that bind specifically to cell surface carbohydrates, culminating in cell agglutination. These are known to play key roles in host defense system and also in metastasis. Many new sources have been explored for the occurrence of lectins during the last few years. Numerous novel lectins with unique specificities and exploitable properties have been discovered. Mushrooms have attracted a number of researchers in food and pharmaceuticals. Many species have long been used in traditional Chinese medicines or functional foods in Japan and other Asian countries. A number of bioactive constituents have been isolated from mushrooms including polysaccharides, polysaccharopeptides, polysaccharide-protein complexes, proteases, ribonucleases, ribosome inactivating proteins, antifungal proteins, immunomodulatory proteins, enzymes, lectins, etc. Mushroom lectins are endowed with mitogenic, antiproliferative, antitumor, antiviral, and immune stimulating potential. In this review, an attempt has been made to collate the information on mushroom lectins, their blood group and sugar specificities, with an emphasis on their biomedical potential and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sarup Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
A novel lectin with antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from dried fruiting bodies of the monkey head mushroom Hericium erinaceum. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:716515. [PMID: 20625408 PMCID: PMC2896861 DOI: 10.1155/2010/716515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A lectin designated as Hericium erinaceum agglutinin (HEA) was isolated from dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom Hericium erinaceum with a chromatographic procedure which entailed DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, and FPLC Superdex 75. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 51 kDa and its N-terminal amino acid sequences was distinctly different from those of other isolated mushroom lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of HEA was inhibited at the minimum concentration of 12.5 mM by inulin. The lectin was stable at pH 1.9–12.1 and at temperatures up to 70°C, but was inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ ions. The lectin exhibited potent mitogenic activity toward mouse splenocytes, and demonstrated antiproliferative activity toward hepatoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells with an IC50 of 56.1 μM and 76.5 μM, respectively. It manifested HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 31.7 μM. The lectin exhibited potent mitogenic activity toward murine splenocytes but was devoid of antifungal activity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Mycelia of 10 Wild Mushroom Species. J Med Food 2010; 13:415-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
26
|
A potent mitogenic lectin from the mycelia of a phytopathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia bataticola, with complex sugar specificity and cytotoxic effect on human ovarian cancer cells. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:375-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
27
|
Zhao S, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhao J, Zhang G, Wang H, Ng TB. A novel lectin with highly potent antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from the edible wild mushroom Russula delica. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:259-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Chen JT, Huang JW. Control of plant diseases with secondary metabolite of Clitocybe nuda. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:193-8. [PMID: 19735749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Culture filtrates of five strains of Clitocybe nuda displayed various degrees of antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria tested. The culture filtrate of C. nuda strain LA82 was very effective in reducing the incidence of Phytophthora blight of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici and the incidence of leaf spot on pepper caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. The inhibitory substance in the C. nuda strain LA82 culture filtrate was stable at low and high pH. It was also stable at high temperature. The inhibitory substance was dialyzable in the membrane tubing with molecular weight cut-off of 1000 but not 500 or 100. It was also exchangeable by anion but not cation exchange resins, indicating that the inhibitor has a molecular weight between 1000 and 500, and negative charge on its molecule. The inhibitor is a hydrophilic compound, but not a protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tong Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
There are only a few reports on agglutinins from ascomycete and medicinal fungi. An HA (haemagglutinin), with an N-terminal amino acid sequence different from those of known lectins, was isolated in the present study from dried fruiting bodies of the medicinal ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris. The purification protocol consisted of affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The haemagglutinating activity of the HA could not be inhibited by simple sugars or heparin, and was stable over the pH range 2–13 and up to 60°C. Chemical modification of tryptophan and tyrosine residues had no effect. The HA exhibited some antiproliferative activity towards hepatoma (HepG2) cells and inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50=10 μM). However, it did not exhibit antifungal activity, mitogenic activity towards splenocytes, nitric oxide-inducing activity towards macrophages or RNase activity. The results of the present study add to the meagre information pertaining to agglutinins from ascomycete and medicinal mushrooms. It is revealed in this study that C. militaris HA differs from other ascomycete mushroom HAs in a variety of biochemical characteristics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Vetchinkina EP, Sokolov OI, Nikitina VE. Intracellular lectins of Lentinus edodes at various developmental stages of the fungus. Microbiology (Reading) 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261708040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
31
|
Jeurink PV, Noguera CL, Savelkoul HFJ, Wichers HJ. Immunomodulatory capacity of fungal proteins on the cytokine production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1124-33. [PMID: 18550017 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulation by fungal compounds can be determined by the capacity of the compounds to influence the cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). These activities include mitogenicity, stimulation and activation of immune effector cells. Eight mushroom strains (Agaricus blazei, Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus) were tested for the immunomodulating activity of the isolated protein fractions and polysaccharides fractions present in mycelia and culture liquid. The fungal proteins and polysaccharides have been investigated for their in vitro effect on the cytokine profile (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha) of unstimulated or hPBMC stimulated with the polyclonal stimulations PMA/Ca-I, ConA or LPS. In addition to their influence on the cytokine profile, the hemagglutination activity of the fungal proteins on rabbit red blood cells was determined. Proteins from V. volvacea and G. lucidum showed immunomodulating activity without the presence of any mitogen, however, neither of them decreased the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in combination with a stimulus. All used stimuli resulted in an induction of IL-12 in the presence of the protein extracts, suggesting a direct effect on monocytes. This effect might lead to the indirect immunomodulation of T cell activation and cytokine production. In addition, both protein extracts showed more hemagglutination activity after trypsin treatment of the rabbit red blood cells, indicating the presence of carbohydrate-binding proteins, like lectins and FIPs. In conclusion, the protein extracts of V. volvacea and G. lucidum contain immunomodulating activity by acting directly on monocytes and thereby modulating T cell activation. Further purification of the fungal extracts is needed to clarify whether there are FIPs or lectins present that are responsible for this immunomodulating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla V Jeurink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thakur A, Rana M, Lakhanpal TN, Ahmad A, Khan MI. Purification and characterization of lectin from fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1404-12. [PMID: 17629405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel 114 kDa hexameric lectin was purified from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Biochemical characterization revealed it to be a glycoprotein having 9.3% neutral sugar and it showed hemagglutinating activity on pronase treated human erythrocytes. The lectin was stable in the pH range of 5-9 and temperature up to 50 degrees C. The hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by glycoproteins that possessed N-as well as O-linked glycans. Chemical modification of the G. lucidum lectin revealed contribution of tryptophan and lysine to binding activity. The thermodynamics of binding of bi- and triantennary N-glycans to G. lucidum lectin was studied by spectrofluorimetry. The lectin showed very high affinity for asialo N-linked triantennary glycan and a preference for asialo glycans over sialylated glycans. The binding was accompanied with a large negative change in enthalpy as well as entropy, indicating primarily involvement of polar hydrogen, van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions in the binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Thakur
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stepanova LV, Nikitina VE, Boiko AS. Isolation and characterization of lectin from the surface of Grifola frondosa (Fr.) S.F.Gray mycelium. Microbiology (Reading) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261707040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Opara
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paterson RRM. Ganoderma - a therapeutic fungal biofactory. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1985-2001. [PMID: 16905165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 07/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma is a basidiomycete white rot fungus which has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries particularly in China, Japan and Korea. A great deal of work has been carried out on Ganoderma lucidum. The common names for preparations include Lingzhi, Munnertake, Sachitake, Reishi and Youngzhi. This review collates the publications detailing activities and compounds by representative species whilst considering the most valid claims of effectiveness. The biological activities reported of preparations from Ganoderma are remarkable and given most emphasis herein as distinct from structure/activity information. The metabolites consist of mainly polysaccharides and terpenoids. Many are activities against the major diseases of our time and so the present review is of great importance. The list of effects is huge ranging from anti-cancer to relieving blockages of the bladder. However, the reports have not all been tested scientifically with the convincing evidence is reserved for assays of pure compounds. It is a prime example of an ancient remedy being of great relevance to the modern era. There does appear to be an assumption that the therapeutic effects attributed to the fungus have been proven. The next step is to produce some effective medicines which may be hampered by problems of mass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Russell M Paterson
- Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang HX, Ng TB. A laccase from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:508-13. [PMID: 16636832 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A protein demonstrating laccase activity and potent inhibitory activity towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 1.2 microM) was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. The laccase had a novel N-terminal sequence and a molecular mass of 75 kDa, which is higher than the range (55-56 kDa) reported for most other mushroom laccases. It was isolated by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel and adsorption on Con A-Sepharose. Unlike some of the previously isolated laccases, it was adsorbed only on Con A-Sepharose. The enzyme required a pH of 3-5 and a temperature of 70 degrees C to exhibit maximal activity. Minimal activity was detected at pH 6 and 7. Activity was undetectable at pH 8 and 9 and after exposure to 100 degrees C for 10 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang H, Ng TB. First report of an arabinose-specific fungal lectin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:621-5. [PMID: 16199005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, arabinose-binding lectins have been reported only from the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the plant aggressive pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and the sponge Pellina semitubulosa. An arabinose-binding lectin with mitogenic activity toward splenocytes and a high specific hemagglutinating activity was isolated in the present study from a wild discomycete mushroom, Peziza sylvestris. The maximal mitogenic activity was induced by a lectin concentration of 8 microM. The lectin was a single-chained protein with a molecular mass of 20 kDa. Its N-terminal sequence showed only slight resemblance to other mushroom lectins. It was adsorbed on both diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and carboxymethyl-cellulose. Unlike previously reported mushroom lectins, the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by arabinose, but not by a large variety of other carbohydrates. The lectin activity was adversely affected in the presence of 0.05 M NaOH or 0.025 M HCl, and when the ambient temperature was elevated above 35 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi K, Umehara K, Dohra H, Murata T, Usui T, Kawagishi H. Purification, characterization, and sugar binding specificity of an N-Glycolylneuraminic acid-specific lectin from the mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:53048-55. [PMID: 15471858 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407997200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbohydrate-binding protein was isolated from the carpophores of the mushrooms and designated the Chlorophyllum molybdites lectin (CML) based on its origin. The molecular mass of CML was 32 kDa, and it was composed of two 16-kDa monomers with no disulfide bonds. Monosaccharide analysis indicated that 12% of the mass of CML was carbohydrate and consisted of GlcNAc:GalNAc:Gal:Man:l-Fuc in a molar ratio of 1.5:1.9: 4.4:4.8:1.0. In the hemagglutination inhibition assay, CML exhibited the strongest binding specificity toward N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) among the monosaccharides tested, whereas NeuAc did not inhibit the hemagglutination at all. GalNAc and Mealpha-GalNAc were also inhibitory at much higher concentrations than NeuGc. Among the glycoproteins, asialobovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) and porcine stomach mucin (PSM) showed strong inhibitory effects. In surface plasmon resonance analysis, asialo-BSM and PSM exhibited the strongest binding affinity. After co-injection of CML and NeuGc or GalNAc onto the asialo-BSM- or PSM-immobilized chip, the dissociation of CML from the immobilized PSM was accelerated by NeuGc and GalNAc, but the dissociation of CML from the immobilized asialo-BSM was only promoted by GalNAc. These results and the other surface plasmon resonance experiments allowed us to conclude that the binding of asialo-BSM to CML was because of an interaction between the lectin and the GalNAc residues of asialo-BSM, and both the NeuGc and GalNAc residues were responsible for the binding of PSM to CML. The results also suggested that CML had two different carbohydrate binding domains, one specific for NeuGc and the other for GalNAc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- Science of Biological Resource, United Graduate School, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The peptides and proteins secreted by fungi are reviewed in this article. They include ribosome inactivating peptides and proteins, antifungal peptides and proteins, lectins, ubiquitin-like peptides and proteins, peptides and proteins with nucleolytic activity, proteases, xylanases, cellulases, sugar oxidoreductases, laccases, invertases, trehalose phosphorylases, and various enzymes with applications in food industry, chemical production and the medical sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang HX, Ng TB, Chiu SW. A distinctive ribonuclease from fresh fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:519-22. [PMID: 14733937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A ribonuclease with an N-terminal sequence distinct from other mushroom ribonucleases was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. The ribonuclease was adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Q-Sepharose, and unadsorbed on CM-Sepharose. It possessed a molecular mass of 42 kDa as judged by gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75 and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molecular mass was similar to that of straw mushroom ribonuclease but much higher compared with those of other mushroom ribonucleases. The ribonuclease was unique among mushroom ribonucleases in that it exhibited the highest potency toward poly(U), followed by poly(A). Its activity toward poly(G) and poly(C) was about one-half of that toward poly(A) and one-quarter of that toward poly(U). A pH of 4.0 and a temperature of 60 degrees C were required for optimal activity of the enzyme. The optimum pH was low compared with those reported for other mushroom ribonucleases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ho JCK, Sze SCW, Shen WZ, Liu WK. Mitogenic activity of edible mushroom lectins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1671:9-17. [PMID: 15026140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Revised: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A special group of lectins were isolated from three popular Asian edible mushrooms: Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus flabellatus and Hericium erinacium, and their mitogenic activities towards mouse T cells were compared to the extensively investigated Agaricus bisporus lectin (ABL) and the Jack bean lectin, Concanavalin A (Con A). Among the four mushroom lectins tested, V. volvacea lectin (VVL) exhibited strong mitogenic activity as demonstrated by 3H-thymidine incorporation, which was at least 10-fold more effective than that of Con A, and the other mushroom lectins did not exhibit any proliferative activity. Treatment with VVL and ABL resulted in activation of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck, and expression of early activation markers, CD69 and CD25, but only VVL induced intracellular calcium influx while ABL triggered cell death. The calcium influx was sensitive to calcium channel antagonists such as nifedipine and verapamil. The P. flabellatus lectin (PFL) and H. erinacium lectin (HEL) did not stimulate p56lck expression and cell proliferation. Neither of these lectins interfered with Con A-mediated lymphocyte proliferation, which further indicated that both PFL and HEL were non-mitogenic. Taken all results together, VVL induced mitogenesis through T cell receptors and the subsequent calcium signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C K Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ngai PHK, Ng TB. A mushroom (Ganoderma capense) lectin with spectacular thermostability, potent mitogenic activity on splenocytes, and antiproliferative activity toward tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:988-93. [PMID: 14751230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An 18-kDa lectin, with an N-terminal sequence displaying slight similarity to some lectins and fungal immunomodulatory proteins, was isolated from the mushroom Ganoderma capense (Lloyd) Teng. It exhibited more potent mitogenic activity than that of concanavalin A toward mouse splenocytes, and antiproliferative activity toward leukemia (L1210 and M1) cells and hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The isolation procedure entailed ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-ion exchange chromatography on Mono S, and FPLC-gel filtration on Superdex 75. D(+)-galactose and D(+)-galactosamine specifically inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was not affected over the temperature range 0-100 degrees C and after exposure to 100 degrees C for 60min. The activity was stable in the pH range of 4-11, and after incubation with solutions of various chlorides (from 3.125 to 50mM) including NaCl, KCl, CaCl(2), MgCl(2), ZnCl(2), MnCl(2), and AlCl(3). However, it was potentiated by 12.5-50mM FeCl(3). The lectin was devoid of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory and antifungal activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H K Ngai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Q, Wang H, Ng TB. Isolation and characterization of a novel lectin from the wild mushroom Xerocomus spadiceus. Peptides 2004; 25:7-10. [PMID: 15003350 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A lectin was isolated from extracts of fruiting bodies of the mushroom Xerocomus spadiceus using a procedure that involved ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The lectin was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel and adsorbed on CM-Sepharose. The lectin was capable of eliciting an approximately four-fold stimulation of mitogenic response in murine splenocytes. The hemagglutinating activity was stable up to 60 degrees C, halved at 70 degrees C, reduced to 25% at 75 degrees C and dwindled to an undetectable level at 80 degrees C. The activity remained unaltered in the presence of various divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+) chlorides up to a salt concentration of 10 mM except in the case of ZnCl2. FeCl3 up to a concentration of 10 mM did not affect the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was doubled in the presence of 5 mM AlCl3 or 10 mM ZnCl2 and quadrupled in the presence of 10 mM AlCl3. The activity was reduced in the presence of HCl and NaOH. Among the large number of carbohydrates tested, only inulin was able to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A lectin with antiproliferative activity toward tumor cell lines and mitogenic activity toward splenocytes was isolated from the mushroom Polyporus adusta. The lectin was composed of two identical subunits each with a molecular weight of 12 kDa. It was adsorbed on both DEAE-cellulose and Q-Sepharose and unadsorbed on CM-Sepharose. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by turanose and by a large variety of other carbohydrates. It was adversely affected in the presence of NaOH or HCl at a concentration of 7.5mM and above, and when the ambient temperature was raised above 70 degrees C. All divalent and trivalent metallic chlorides tested at 1.25-10mM including CaCl(2), MgCl(2), ZnCl(2), MnCl(2), and AlCl(3), did not alter the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin. FeCl(3) at 10mM caused the hemagglutinating activity to increase by 100%, but it did not change the lectin activity when tested at lower concentrations up to 5mM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gao Y, Zhou S. Cancer Prevention and Treatment byGanoderma, a Mushroom with Medicinal Properties. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-120023480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
46
|
Ng TB, Lam YW. Isolation of a novel agglutinin with complex carbohydrate binding specificity from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:563-8. [PMID: 11779209 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A hemagglutinin, with a molecular weight of 30,000 and expressing hemagglutinating activity which could not be inhibited by simple sugars and glycoproteins, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. The protein was adsorbed on CM-Sepharose even in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.5) containing 1 M NaCl and was desorbed by 20 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH 9). The hemagglutinating activity was subsequently adsorbed on Mono S in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.5) and was desorbed by a linear gradient of 0.2-0.5 M NaCl in ammonium acetate buffer. The hemagglutinin exhibited a novel N-terminal sequence not found in any lectin and hemagglutinin reported so far. It was devoid of antifungal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kawagishi H, Yasui M, Uno A, Murata T, Usui T, Furukawa S. Purification and characterization of two lectins from a toxic moray, Gymnothrax javanicus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2437-42. [PMID: 11791716 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two lectins, Gymnothrax javanicus lectin-I (GJL-I) and Gymnothrax javanicus lectin-II (GJL-II) were isolated from the stomach and intestine, and the liver, respectively, of a toxic moray eel, Gymnothrax javanicus. GJL-I is a polymer of two heterogeneous subunits of 67 and 51 kDa. In a hemagglutination inhibition assay, it had sugar-binding specificity toward lactose and lactulose among the mono- or oligo-saccharides and bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) among the glycoproteins tested. The lectin stimulated nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis by astroglial cells. GJL-II was a polymer of subunit of 41 kDa. This lectin had N-acetyllactosamine binding specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kawagishi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Candy L, Peumans WJ, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Astoul CH, Van Damme J, Van Damme EJ, Erard M, Rougé P. The Gal/GalNAc-specific lectin from the plant pathogenic basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani is a member of the ricin-B family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:655-61. [PMID: 11401511 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lectin isolated from the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani (RSA) is a homodimer of two noncovalently associated monomers of 15.5 kDa. RSA is a basic protein (pI > 9) which consists mainly of beta-sheets. A presumed relationship with ricin-B is supported by the sequence similarity between the N-terminus of RSA and the N-terminal subdomain of ricin-B. Hydrophobic cluster analysis confirms that the N-terminus of both proteins has a comparable folding. RSA exhibits specificity towards Gal/GalNAc whereby the hydroxyls at the C3', C4', and C6' positions of the pyranose ring play a key role in the interaction with simple sugars. The carbohydrate-binding site of RSA apparently accommodates only a single sugar unit. Our results demonstrate an obvious evolutionary relationship between some fungal and plant lectins, but also provide evidence for the occurrence of a lectin consisting of subunits corresponding to a single subdomain of ricin-B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Candy
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, UMR-CNRS 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex 4, 31077, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Matsumoto H, Natsume A, Ueda H, Saitoh T, Ogawa H. Screening of a unique lectin from 16 cultivable mushrooms with hybrid glycoprotein and neoproteoglycan probes and purification of a novel N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin from Oudemansiella platyphylla fruiting body. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1526:37-43. [PMID: 11287120 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid glycoprotein and neoproteoglycan probes were prepared by coupling various glycoproteins or polysaccharides to peroxidase or biotinyl bovine serum albumin, respectively. Lectins recognizable by the neoglycoconjugate probes were extracted from 16 cultivable mushrooms. Dot-blot assay revealed five extracts to be reactive with only hybrid glycoprotein probes, but others also reacted with neoproteoglycan probes. According to the reactivity pattern with probe screening, the one lectin from Oudemansiella platyphylla extract (OPL) bound best with asialotransferrin-- and asialoagalactotransferrin--peroxidase probes and was isolated using an asialotransferrin column, but it did not bind with other hybrid glycoprotein or neoproteoglycan probes. OPL, consisting of two polypeptides with high homology in the N-terminal amino acid sequences, exhibited weak hemagglutinating activity. Purified OPL specifically bound the beta-GlcNAc probe among various biotinylated polymeric sugar probes, while it exhibited essentially the same binding specificity toward neoglycoconjugate probes as that of the crude extract, showing a preference for the asialobiantennary complex type of N-linked glycans. These results indicate that the neoglycoconjugate probes are valuable in lectin screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Course of Advanced Biosciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brechtel R, Wätzig H, Rüdiger H. The lectin from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus: a phosphatase-activating protein that is closely associated with an alpha-galactosidase activity. A part of this paper has been presented as a preliminary report at the 17th Interlec. Meeting 1997 in Würzburg, Germany. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2001; 160:1025-1033. [PMID: 11297800 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(01)00349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The lectin from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus described earlier [F. Conrad, H. Rüdiger, The lectin from Pleurotus ostreatus: purification, characterization and interaction with a phosphatase, Phytochemistry 36 (1994) 277-283] was further characterized. Determination of the isoelectric point by capillary electrophoresis gave a value of 7.6. The dissociation constant of the lectin-alpha-lactose-1-phosphate complex determined by capillary electrophoresis is 3 mM. The activation of an endogenous phosphatase by the lectin as found earlier for the pseudosubstrate p-nitrophenylphosphate was confirmed also for naturally occurring substrates as ADP and ATP. We observed that at all purification steps the lectin is accompanied by an alpha-galactosidase activity. Both activities could neither be resolved by electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions nor by affinity chromatography. However, carbohydrate binding by the lectin and carbohydrate processing by the enzyme are not due to the same site since: (i) the lectin accepts both alpha- and beta-glycosides whereas the enzyme activity is restricted to the alpha-anomer; (ii) the interaction with erythrocytes leads to a stable agglutinate, i.e. no 'clot-dissolving activity' [C.N. Hankins, J.I. Kindinger, L.M. Shannon, Legume alpha-galactosidases which have hemagglutinin properties, Plant Physiol. 65 (1980) 618-622] is observed; (iii) the alpha-galactosidase activity is inhibited by galactose but not by a beta-galactoside. Therefore, lectin and enzymatic activities are either properties of two tightly associated proteins, or of just one molecule. The kinetic parameters of the lectin-associated alpha-galactosidase activity for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactopyranoside are: K(M)=2.5 mM, k(cat)=66 s(-1), and K(I)=20mM for the inhibitor D-galactose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Brechtel
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|