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Zhu Y, Cheng P, Peng J, Liu S, Xiang J, Xu D, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Luo C, Xu P, Sheng J. Cadmium exposure causes transcriptomic dysregulation in adipose tissue and associated shifts in serum metabolites. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108513. [PMID: 38382403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal found in natural and industrial environments. Exposure to Cd can lead to various metabolic disturbances, notably disrupting glucose and lipid homeostasis. Despite this recognition, the direct impact of Cd exposure on lipid metabolism within adipose tissue, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that Cd accumulates in adipose tissues of mice subjected to Cd exposure. Intriguingly, Cd exposure in itself did not induce significant alterations in the adipose tissue under normal conditions. However, when subjected to cold stimulation, several notable changes were observed in the mice exposed to Cd, including a reduction in the drop of body temperature, a decrease in the size of inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT), and an increase in the expression of thermogenic genes UCP1 and PRDM16. These results indicate that Cd exposure might enhance the responsiveness of adipose tissue to external stimuli and increase the energy expenditure of the tissue. RNA-seq analysis further revealed that Cd exposure altered gene expression profiles, particularly affecting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-mediated metabolic pathways, promoting metabolic remodeling in adipose tissue and resulting in the depletion of lipids stored in adipose tissue for energy. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of mouse serum showed that Cd exposure significantly disrupted metabolites and significantly increased serum fatty acid and triglyceride levels. Correspondingly, population-level data confirmed an association between Cd exposure and elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In summary, we provide substantial evidence of the molecular events induced by Cd that are relevant to the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that the toxic effects of Cd can impact adipocyte functionality, positioning adipose tissue as a critical target for metabolic diseases resulting from Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Junxuan Peng
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sishuo Liu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Chi Luo
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peiwei Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Sørli JB, Jensen ACØ, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Chatzigianelli E, Gutierrez CAT, Jacobsen NR, Poulsen SS, Hafez I, Loizides C, Biskos G, Hougaard KS, Vogel U, Hadrup N. Genotoxicity in the absence of inflammation after tungsten inhalation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104074. [PMID: 36724834 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is used in several applications and human exposure may occur. To assess its pulmonary toxicity, we exposed male mice to nose-only inhalation of tungsten particles at 9, 23 or 132 mg/m3 (Low, Mid and High exposure) (45 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks). Increased genotoxicity (assessed by comet assay) was seen in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid cells at Low and High exposure. We measured acellular ROS production, and cannot exclude that ROS contributed to the observed genotoxicity. We saw no effects on body weight gain, pulmonary inflammation, lactate dehydrogenase or protein in BAL fluid, pathology of liver or kidney, or on sperm counts. In conclusion, tungsten showed non-dose dependent genotoxicity in the absence of inflammation and therefore interpreted to be primary genotoxicity. Based on genotoxicity, a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC) could be set at 9 mg/m3. It was not possible to establish a No Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorid B Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Alexander C Ø Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Eleni Chatzigianelli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Claudia A T Gutierrez
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Iosif Hafez
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Charis Loizides
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - George Biskos
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia Nicosia, Cyprus; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Gebouw 23 Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Research group for Risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Schaefer HR, Flannery BM, Crosby L, Jones-Dominic OE, Punzalan C, Middleton K. A systematic review of adverse health effects associated with oral cadmium exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 134:105243. [PMID: 35981600 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data characterizing the adverse health effects associated with dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure were identified in order to make informed decisions about the most appropriate toxicological reference value (TRV) for use in assessing dietary Cd exposure. Several TRVs are available for Cd and regulatory organizations have used epidemiologic studies to derive these reference values; however, risk of bias (RoB) evaluations were not included in the assessments. We performed a systematic review by conducting a thorough literature search (through January 4, 2020). There were 1714 references identified by the search strings and 328 studies identified in regulatory assessments. After applying the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 208 studies (Human: 105, Animal: 103) were considered eligible for further review and data extraction. For the epidemiologic and animal studies, the critical effects identified for oral Cd exposure from the eligible studies were a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and renal tubular degeneration. A RoB analysis was completed for 49 studies (30 epidemiological and 19 animal) investigating these endpoints. The studies identified through the SR that were considered high quality and low RoB (2 human and 5 animal) can be used to characterize dose-response relationships and inform the derivation of a Cd TRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Schaefer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Brenna M Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia E Jones-Dominic
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cecile Punzalan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karlyn Middleton
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
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Aala J, Harchegani AB, Monsef HA, Mohsenifar Z, Ebrahimi P, Parvizi MR. N-Acetyl cysteine mitigates histopathological changes and inflammatory genes expressions in the liver of cadmium exposed rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2021; 36:e2021024-0. [PMID: 34711021 PMCID: PMC8850162 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to consider the expression of Nrf2, NLRP3 and caspase 1 genes, as well as oxidative stress, and the protective role of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in the liver of rats treated with cadmium (Cd). Male rats were randomly divided into five groups including G1 (control), G2 (single dose of Cd), G3 (continuous dose of Cd), G4 (single dose of Cd + NAC), and G5 (continuous dose of Cd + NAC). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Expression of Nrf2, NLRP3 and caspase 1 genes was considered using RT-PCR. NAC treatments significantly improved TAC, but decreased MDA values in rats that exposed to continuous dose of Cd (p<0.05). Exposure to continuous dose of Cd caused a significant decrease in Nrf2 expression by 2.46-fold (p<0.001), but enhanced expression of NLRP3 and Caspase 1 genes by 3.13-fold and 3.16-fold), respectively (p<0.001). Compared to rats that treated to continuous dose of Cd, NAC supplementation enhanced the expression of Nrf2 by 1.67-fold (p<0.001) and reduced the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase 1 genes by 1.39-fold (p<0.001) and 1.58-fold (p<0.001), respectively. Down-regulation of Nrf2 and overexpression of NLRP3 and caspase 1 seems to be one of the main mechanisms of Cd toxicity on liver tissue. NAC protects liver tissue against Cd-induced oxidative injuries via enhancement of Nrf2 expression and reduction of NLRP3 and caspase 1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Aala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Akhlaghi Monsef
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of New Sciences, Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Mohsenifar
- Ayatollah Taleghani Educational Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pirooz Ebrahimi
- University Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parvizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Branch FM, Perry MJ, Chen Z, Louis GMB. Metal(loid)s and human semen quality: The LIFE Study. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 106:94-102. [PMID: 34637914 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated a global population-wide decline in semen quality, with sperm concentrations having fallen 50 % over the past 50 years. Several metal and metalloid ("metal(loid)") compounds are known to have testicular toxicity, raising concerns about their contribution to rising infertility. In the male reproductive tract, metal(loid)s can reduce semen quality and disturb function both directly, by inducing tissue damage, and indirectly, by disrupting hormone production and secretion. This study assessed associations between 15 creatinine-adjusted metal(loid)s and 7 measures of semen quality among 413 reproductive-aged men recruited from 16 U.S. counties between 2005-2009. Multi-metal(loid) multivariable linear regression models estimated associations between semen quality endpoints and urinary concentrations of chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, thallium, tin, tungsten, and uranium. LASSO regression was employed to select model variables and account for multicollinearity of the metal(loid)s. A positive association was observed between tin and sperm morphology (β = 4.92 p = 0.045). Chromium (β = 1.87, p = 0.003) and copper (β= -1.30, p = 0.028) were positively and negatively associated with total sperm count, respectively. With respect to DNA fragmentation, cadmium (β = 12.73, p = 0.036) was positively associated and chromium was negatively associated (β = -5.08, p = 0.001). In this cohort of U.S. population-based men, there was evidence of both positive and negative associations between specific metal(loid)s and semen quality. Additional research is needed to determine interactions between metal(loid)s within a mixture, consistent with typical human exposure, and identify sperm effects resulting from cumulative metal(loid) exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Branch
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, United States.
| | - Melissa J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, United States.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 2G7, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States.
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6
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Nguyen KC, Zhang Y, Todd J, Kittle K, Lalande M, Smith S, Parks D, Navarro M, Tayabali AF, Willmore WG. Hepatotoxicity of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots Induced by Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2286-2297. [PMID: 32844644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) in BALB/c mice after intravenous injection. The study investigated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and effects on mitochondria as potential mechanistic events to elucidate the observed hepatotoxicity. Oxidative stress in the liver, induced by CdTe-QD exposure, was demonstrated by depletion of total glutathione, an increase in superoxide dismutase activity, and changes in the gene expression of several oxidative stress-related biomarkers. Furthermore, CdTe-QD treatment led to apoptosis in the liver via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Effects on mitochondria were evidenced by the enlargement and increase in the number of mitochondria in hepatocytes of treated mice. CdTe-QDs also caused changes in the levels and gene expression of electron transport chain enzymes, depletion of ATP, and an increase in the level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The findings from this study suggest that CdTe-QDs-induced hepatotoxicity might have originated from mitochondrial effects which resulted in oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver cells. This study provides insight into the biological effects of CdT-QDs at the tissue level and the detailed mechanisms of their toxicity in animals. The study also provides important data for bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo testing and risk assessment of these NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy C Nguyen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.,Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Yan Zhang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Julie Todd
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Frederick G. Banting Building, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kevin Kittle
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Frederick G. Banting Building, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle Lalande
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Frederick G. Banting Building, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Scott Smith
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Frederick G. Banting Building, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Douglas Parks
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Frederick G. Banting Building, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Martha Navarro
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Frederick G. Banting Building, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Azam F Tayabali
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.,Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - William G Willmore
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Nguyen KC, Zhang Y, Todd J, Kittle K, Patry D, Caldwell D, Lalande M, Smith S, Parks D, Navarro M, Massarsky A, Moon TW, Willmore WG, Tayabali AF. Biodistribution and Systemic Effects in Mice Following Intravenous Administration of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dot Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1491-1503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy C. Nguyen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Yan Zhang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Julie Todd
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Kevin Kittle
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Dominique Patry
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Don Caldwell
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Michelle Lalande
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Scott Smith
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Douglas Parks
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Martha Navarro
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Andrey Massarsky
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics and the Collaborative Program in Chemical and Environmental Toxicology, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Thomas W. Moon
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics and the Collaborative Program in Chemical and Environmental Toxicology, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - William G. Willmore
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Azam F. Tayabali
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1S 5B6
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El-Sharkawy NI, Abd-Elhakim YM, Alklech AM. Forensic toxicological study on adipocere formation in submerged cadavers of female albino rats intoxicated with cadmium. Forensic Sci Res 2019; 6:159-167. [PMID: 34377574 PMCID: PMC8330725 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1541537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of information on the mutual interaction between metal intoxication and adipocere formation. Herein, 40 adult female albino rats were distributed into two equal groups, one used as control while the other orally administered single dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) 225 mg/kg·bw (LDmin). Control group was killed by cervical dislocation. Half of dead rats of both groups were subjected for determination of iodine value and estimation of cadmium (Cd) residues while the other half of both groups were submerged in opened glass container previously filled with 4 L dechlorinated tap water kept in closed room with an open air access (one cadaver/container). Gross morphological changes of submerged cadavers were recorded weekly along the experiment. At the end of the experiment, after 3 months, samples were collected again for iodine value determination and estimation of Cd residues. The obtained results revealed the depressant effect of Cd toxicity on development of adipocere. Cd residues were found in different tissues of cadavers at time of death with the highest amount in the intestines followed by the liver and kidneys, then lungs, adipose tissue, muscles, and finally the bones. After 3 months of water submersion, tissues exhibited significant decrease in the amount of Cd residues but to a limit that was still detected. This study concluded the possibility of detection of Cd residues even after adipocere formation. Additionally, it shed light on the possibility of the interference of environmental pollution with the natural rate of decomposition especially adipocere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabela I. El-Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alklech M. Alklech
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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9
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Janaydeh M, Ismail A, Omar H, Zulkifli SZ, Bejo MH, Aziz NAA. Relationship between Pb and Cd accumulations in house crow, their habitat, and food content from Klang area, Peninsular Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 190:47. [PMID: 29282545 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become a global concern due to accumulation in tissue and transferable effects to humans via the food chain. This study focused on monitoring the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in surface soil and body content: bone, heart, brain, liver, lung, muscle, kidney, feathers, feces, and gizzard contents of house crow Corvus splendens in the Klang region, Malaysia. The results revealed the occurrence of Pb and Cd in all biological samples from house crows, food contents, and surface soil samples. Heart and kidney accrued high amounts of Cd, while high amounts of Pb were found to accumulate in bones and feathers. Major discrepancies were also discovered in the concentrations of metals between juvenile and adults, as well as female and male bird samples. Concentrations of Pb and Cd in house crow internal tissues correlated significantly with that of bird feathers, but none could be established with that of surface soil. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between Pb concentration in the internal tissues to that of the feces, but the same was not the case when compared with the surface soil concentration. Metal accrual in the house crows feathers and feces may be through a long-term transmission via the food chain, which are eliminated from feathers via molting. This may suggest the utility of molted breast feathers of house crow in the bio-monitoring of Cd and Pb contamination, whereas feces of house crow appear only to be suitable for the bio-monitoring of Pb contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Janaydeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Ismail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hishamuddin Omar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azwady Abd Aziz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Janaydeh M, Ismail A, Zulkifli SZ, Bejo MH, Aziz NAA, Taneenah A. The use of feather as an indicator for heavy metal contamination in house crow (Corvus splendens) in the Klang area, Selangor, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22059-22071. [PMID: 27541152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Klang area of Peninsular Malaysia has experienced rapid industrial growth with intense activities, which can increase the concentration of pollutants in the environment that significantly impact on habitats and the human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, and Pb) in the heart, lung, brain, liver, kidney, muscle tissues, and feathers of house crow, Corvus splendens, in Klang, Peninsular Malaysia. House crow samples were collected from the Klang area through the Department of Public Health at Majlis Perbandaran Klang. Quantitative determination of heavy metals was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result shows the presence of heavy metals in all biological samples of house crows. For heavy metals in all the house crow tissues analyzed, Fe concentrations were the highest, followed by those of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni. The feathers and kidney accumulated high concentrations of Pb, whereas the liver accumulated high concentrations of essential heavy metals (Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni). Significant variations were also detected in the concentrations of Pb among adult and juvenile and male and female bird samples. The results also revealed significant positive correlations between Pb metal concentration in the breast feathers and all internal organs. Accumulation of toxic heavy metals in feathers reflected storing and elimination processes, while the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in the kidney can be consequential to chronic exposure. The present study clearly shows the usefulness of house crow breast feather as a suitable indicator for heavy metal accumulation in the internal organs of house crows in the Klang area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Janaydeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Ismail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azwady Abd Aziz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayat Taneenah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Borzelleca JF, Clarke EC, Condie LW. Short-Term Toxicity (1 and 10 Days) of Cadmium Chloride in Male and Female Rats: Gavage and Drinking Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/10915818909019561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Male and female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats received CdCl2 by gavage at doses of 25, 51, 107, and 225 mg CdCl2 per kg body weight per day for 1 or 10 consecutive days or in drinking solutions at concentrations of 13–323 mg CdCl2 per liter for 10 consecutive days. There were appropriate controls. In the 1 day study in males only, an apparent treatment-related but not statistically significant decrease in body weight was reported; spleen weights and ratios were significantly lower and lung weights and ratios were significantly higher (in the highest dose only). Dose-dependent mortality was observed in the 10 day gavage study. Body weight gain was depressed in a dose-dependent manner in both males and females. Weights and/or ratios of brain, liver, spleen, lungs, thymus, kidneys, and testes of treated males were depressed in a dose-dependent manner. In females, weights and/or ratios of liver, spleen, thymus, and kidneys were depressed in a dose-dependent manner. Focal necrotic changes in renal tubular epithelium and tubular degeneration were reported in males and females. Testicular and hepatic histopathologic changes (testicular atrophy and necrosis and hepatic necrosis) were also reported in males. In the drinking water study, males demonstrated dose-dependent decreases in body weight gain and weight and/or ratios of liver, spleen, thymus, and kidneys. There were no significant compound-related effects in females, although liver weights and ratios were lower. There were no compound-related histopathologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Borzelleca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical College of Virginia Richmond, VA 23293
| | - Elizabeth C. Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical College of Virginia Richmond, VA 23293
| | - L. W. Condie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical College of Virginia Richmond, VA 23293
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Abstract
Automated measures of motor activity have been used extensively to determine the functional impact of a wide range of chemical exposures, nervous system alterations, and environmental manipulations. The many factors that recommend motor activity for the routine preliminary assessment (screening) of the neurotoxic potential of chemicals include its noninvasive nature, ease of testing, availability of automated test equipment, and objectivity of the data. In this article, measures of motor activity were evaluated for their reliability, sensitivity, efficiency, and specificity. Motor activity measures were shown to be highly reliable both between subjects comprising a control group and across experimental control group replications. The sensitivity of motor activity measures generally is comparable to more sophisticated measures of neurobehavioral integrity, whereas their efficiency is characteristically superior. Although some questions may remain concerning the specificity of motor activity measures, data were presented to show that chemical-induced general malaise or sickness is not always associated with changes in motor activity. Motor activity measures possess many features that make them ideal for inclusion in a screening battery for neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Mac Phail
- Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B) Health Effects Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - D. B. Peele
- Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B) Health Effects Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - K. M. Crofton
- Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B) Health Effects Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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13
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Yoshioka H, Nonogaki T, Fukuishi N, Onosaka S. Calcium-deficient diet attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through suppression of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00126. [PMID: 27441297 PMCID: PMC4946292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether a Ca-deficient diet has an attenuating effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Four-week-old male ddY mice were fed a Ca-deficient diet for 4 weeks as a part of the experimental protocol. While hypocalcemia was observed, there was no significant change in body weight. The CCl4-exposed hypocalcemic mice exhibited a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities at both 6 h and 24 h even though markers of renal function remained unchanged. Moreover, lipid peroxidation was impaired and total antioxidant power was partially recovered in the liver. Studies conducted in parallel with the biochemical analysis revealed that hepatic histopathological damage was attenuated 24 h post CCl4 injection in hypocalcemic mice fed the Ca-deficient diet. Finally, this diet impaired CCl4-induced inflammatory responses. Although upregulation of Ca concentration is a known indicator of terminal progression to cell death in the liver, these results suggest that Ca is also involved in other phases of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, via regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoshioka
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyamaku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tsunemasa Nonogaki
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyamaku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukuishi
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyamaku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Satomi Onosaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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14
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Gerbron M, Geraudie P, Xuereb B, Marie S, Minier C. In vitro and in vivo studies of the endocrine disrupting potency of cadmium in roach (Rutilus rutilus) liver. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:582-589. [PMID: 26024563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium has been reported to exert estrogenic, antiestrogenic or both effects in vertebrate species. To elucidate the endocrine disrupting action of CdCl2, ex vivo and in vivo experiments were performed in roach (Rutilus rutilus). Roach liver explants were exposed to a range of CdCl2 concentrations alone (0.1-50μM) or with an effective concentration (100nM) of 17β-estradiol (E2). In addition, juvenile roach were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2 (0.1-2.5mg/kg) with or without 1mg E2/kg. Subsequent analysis evaluated the effect of CdCl2 on vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis both at the mRNA and protein level, on estrogen receptors (erα and erβ1) and on androgen receptor (ar) mRNA expression. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments indicated that CdCl2 is strongly anti-estrogenic as, when co-exposed to E2, CdCl2 significantly inhibited VTG production as well as vtg and erα mRNA expressions. Moreover, CdCl2 compromised the E2-mediated induction of the ar mRNA expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gerbron
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, ULH Normandie Université, SFR SACLE 4116, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France.
| | - P Geraudie
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, ULH Normandie Université, SFR SACLE 4116, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France; Akvaplan Niva as, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Xuereb
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, ULH Normandie Université, SFR SACLE 4116, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France
| | - S Marie
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, ULH Normandie Université, SFR SACLE 4116, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France
| | - C Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, ULH Normandie Université, SFR SACLE 4116, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France
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15
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Madejczyk MS, Baer CE, Dennis WE, Minarchick VC, Leonard SS, Jackson DA, Stallings JD, Lewis JA. Temporal changes in rat liver gene expression after acute cadmium and chromium exposure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127327. [PMID: 25993096 PMCID: PMC4437902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
U.S. Service Members and civilians are at risk of exposure to a variety of environmental health hazards throughout their normal duty activities and in industrial occupations. Metals are widely used in large quantities in a number of industrial processes and are a common environmental toxicant, which increases the possibility of being exposed at toxic levels. While metal toxicity has been widely studied, the exact mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear. In order to further elucidate these mechanisms and identify candidate biomarkers, rats were exposed via a single intraperitoneal injection to three concentrations of CdCl2 and Na2Cr2O7, with livers harvested at 1, 3, or 7 days after exposure. Cd and Cr accumulated in the liver at 1 day post exposure. Cd levels remained elevated over the length of the experiment, while Cr levels declined. Metal exposures induced ROS, including hydroxyl radical (•OH), resulting in DNA strand breaks and lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, ROS and cellular damage appeared to increase with time post-exposure in both metals, despite declines in Cr levels. Differentially expressed genes were identified via microarray analysis. Both metals perturbed gene expression in pathways related to oxidative stress, metabolism, DNA damage, cell cycle, and inflammatory response. This work provides insight into the temporal effects and mechanistic pathways involved in acute metal intoxication, leading to the identification of candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Madejczyk
- ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow at the US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | | | - William E. Dennis
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Valerie C. Minarchick
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Leonard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - David A. Jackson
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Stallings
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - John A. Lewis
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Türkcan A, Scharinger B, Grabmann G, Keppler BK, Laufer G, Bernhard D, Messner B. Combination of cadmium and high cholesterol levels as a risk factor for heart fibrosis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:360-71. [PMID: 25770136 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of increased cadmium (Cd) serum levels on the cardiovascular system are proven by epidemiological and basic science studies. Cd exposure of animals and humans is known to impair myocardial function, possibly leading to heart failure. This study aims at investigating the effect of Cd treatment on the cardiac system with emphasis on the combined effect of Cd and high serum cholesterol levels as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Detailed analyses of Cd-induced effects on the heart of ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), ApoE-/- mice fed a normal diet (ND), and C57BL/6J mice fed a ND revealed proinflammatory and fibrotic changes in the presence of cellular hypertrophy but in the absence of organ hypertrophy. Hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-/- mice alone and in combination with Cd treatment resulted in significant cardiomyocyte cell death. Based on further analyses of heart sections, we conclude that severe hypercholesterolemia in combination with ApoE-/- genotype as well as Cd treatment results in necrotic cardiomyocyte death. These data were supported by in vitro experiments showing a Cd-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the permeabilization of the plasma membrane arguing for the occurrence of Cd-induced necrotic cell death. In summary, we were able to show for the first time that the combination of high cholesterol and Cd levels increase the risk for heart failure through cardiac fibrosis. This observation could in part be explained by the dramatically increased deposition of Cd in the hearts of ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Türkcan
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Scharinger
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Grabmann
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Messner
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Lemos VA, dos Santos Vieira EV. Method for the determination of cadmium, lead, nickel, cobalt and copper in seafood after dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1872-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.964338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Giammarino M, Quatto P, Squadrone S, Abete MC. The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) as an environmental bioindicator species of heavy metal contamination. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:410-416. [PMID: 25149280 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the possible presence of lead and cadmium in the liver and kidneys of hooded crows (Corvus cornix). Liver and kidneys of hooded crow carcasses were collected in Province of Cuneo (Piedmont, Italy) in order to detect lead and cadmium content. Significant differences were found in lead and cadmium levels between areas of intensive cultivation versus areas where meadows are prevalent. Moreover, age greatly influenced the burden of heavy metals, while sex did not seem to affect the level of contamination. The source of contamination may be phosphate fertilizers used for intensive cultivation in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giammarino
- Department of Prevention Asl CN 1, Cuneo, Via San Quirico 53/7, 10042, Nichelino, TO, Italy,
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19
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Paul A, Das J, Das S, Samadder A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nano-encapsulation of chelidonine, an active bioingredient of greater celandine (Chelidonium majus), enhances its ameliorative potential against cadmium induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:937-947. [PMID: 24035924 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the possible protective potentials of chelidonine and its poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) encapsulated nano-form against cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in mice, ex vivo and in vivo. Acute exposure to CdCl₂ (1.0 mg/kg b.w; i.p., twice a week for 30 days) generated oxidative stress in mice through accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased lipid peroxidation, and levels of certain liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) with decrease in levels of GSH and certain other antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR) in liver. Treatment with nano-chelidonine for 30 days after CdCl₂ intoxication significantly reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and restored levels of GSH, cholesterol, triglyceride and antioxidant enzymes, showing ameliorative changes in histopathology of liver. Expression pattern of certain inflammatory and apoptotic signal proteins also indicated better hepato-protective abilities of nano-chelidonine, making it a more suitable protective drug than chelidonine against cadmium toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Paul
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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20
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Choi KS, Yoo IS, Shin KO, Chung KH. Effects of taurine on cadmium exposure in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of Carassius auratus. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:22-5. [PMID: 23423777 PMCID: PMC3572221 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed in order to investigate the effects of taurine on cadmium poisoning in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of wild goldfish. For this experiment, 80 wild goldfish were divided into four experimental groups: 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 0 mg/L of taurine (Group I), 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 20 mg/kg of taurine (Group II), 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 40 mg/L of taurine (Group III), and 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 80 mg/L of taurine (Group IV). The results were as follows: The cadmium concentration in muscle tissue of wild goldfish was 0.65-3.21 mg/kg wet wt in Group I, whereas it decreased in Group IV. Levels of cadmium in gill tissue of wild goldfish were 16.57-42.39 mg/kg wet wt in Group I, 15.23-43.01 mg/kg wet wt in Group II, 15.11-39.56 mg/kg wet wt in Group III, and 13.15-38.55 mg/kg wet wt in Group IV (P < 0.05), suggesting that the cadmium concentration decreased in the experimental groups compared to control. The cadmium concentration in bone tissue of wild goldfish after 28 days was 0.52-9.75 mg/kg in Group II, whereas it increased in Group III (P < 0.05). In conclusion, taurine may have a preventive effect against cadmium accumulation in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soon Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Korea
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21
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Lovásová E, Rácz O, Cimboláková I, Nováková J, Dombrovský P, Ništiar F. Effects of chronic low-dose cadmium exposure on selected biochemical and antioxidant parameters in rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2013; 76:1033-1038. [PMID: 24168039 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.828249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of long-term (1 yr) exposure to low doses of cadmium (Cd) dissolved in drinking water on selected biochemical and antioxidant parameters were studied in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups: male control group (C-m), female control group (C-f), male Cd-exposed group (Cd-m), and female Cd-exposed group (Cd-f). Cd groups were exposed to Cd dissolved in drinking water (cadmium dichloride 4.8 mg CdCl2/L, i.e., 2.5 mg Cd/L, 500-fold of maximal allowable concentration for potable water). The experiment was terminated on d 370. In all groups, biochemical parameters (total protein [TP], albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, urea, and creatinine) and antioxidant parameters (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) were measured in the blood. Total protein and albumin concentrations were decreased significantly in the Cd-m group. Other biochemical parameters did not change in Cd groups compared to control groups. Superoxide dismutase fell significantly in both male and female Cd-exposed groups. Activity of glutathione peroxidase was markedly lower in Cd-exposed groups. Total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in Cd-f group. These results suggest that chronic low-dose oral Cd exposure induces oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lovásová
- a Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , P. J. Šafárik University , Košice , The Slovak Republic
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22
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Lukačínová A, Nováková J, Lovásová E, Cimboláková I, Ništiar F. Influence of lifetime exposure of sublethal doses of cadmium to selected parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. POTRAVINARSTVO 2012. [DOI: 10.5219/231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of exposure to low doses of cadmium dissolved in drinking water (at a concentration 200 times higher than the maximum permissible dose) on selected parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in 20 Wistar rats. Animals were divided into two groups – control and experimental groups exposed to low doses of cadmium chloride in concentration 20 μM of drinking water. We studied the biochemical parameters, as glucose, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and amylase in blood of rats. Glucose, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin and amylase levels increased, lactate dehydrogenase was no changed of rats exposed to cadmium. Good indicators of chronic intoxication by cadmium are elevated levels of glucose, hemoglobin and mainly glycated hemoglobin in blood. The evaluation results should be taken into account not only the data at the end of the experiment but for the entire duration of trials (i.e., more time steps), which results largely make objective.
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23
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Kyriakou LG, Tzirogiannis KN, Demonakou MD, Kourentzi KT, Mykoniatis MG, Panoutsopoulos GI. Gadolinium chloride pretreatment ameliorates acute cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 29:624-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711430971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a known industrial and environmental pollutant. It causes hepatotoxicity upon acute administration. Features of cadmium-induced acute hepatoxicity encompass necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis and inflammatory infiltration. Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) may prevent cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing Kupffer cells. The effect of GdCl3 pretreatment on a model of acute cadmium-induced liver injury was investigated. Male Wistar rats 4–5 months old were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline followed by cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 6.5 mg/kg) or GdCl3 (10 mg/kg) followed by CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg; groups I and II, respectively). Rats of both the groups were killed at 9, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 60 h after cadmium intoxication. Liver sections were analyzed for necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis and mitoses. Liver regeneration was also evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also determined. Hepatic necrosis, hepatocyte and nonparenchymal cell apoptosis and macroscopic and microscopic types of peliosis hepatis were minimized by gadolinium pretreatment. Serum levels of AST and ALT were also greatly diminished in rats of group II. Tritiated thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA was increased in gadolinium pretreatment rats. Kupffer cell activation was minimal in both the groups of rats. Gadolinium pretreatment attenuates acute cadmium-induced liver injury in young Wistar rats, with mechanisms other than Kupffer cell elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas G Kyriakou
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria D Demonakou
- Histopathology Laboratory, Sismanoglion G.D. Hospital, Marousi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi T Kourentzi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael G Mykoniatis
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon, Sparta, Lakonia, Greece
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Wen YF, Zhao JQ, Bhadauria M, Nirala SK. Baicalin prevents cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and histomorphometric alterations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 65:189-96. [PMID: 21924596 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of baicalin was evaluated against Cd-induced hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Exposure to Cd (cadmium chloride) in Chang liver cell culture produced cytotoxicity in terms of increase in cell growth inhibition rate, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cellular lipid peroxidation, which was significantly mitigated by baicalin in a concentration dependent manner. Acute exposure to Cd (6.5 mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of oxidative stress in rats and substantially increased LPO and GSSG level along with corresponding decrease in GSH and various antioxidant enzymes in liver and also increased the leakage of liver marker enzymes in serum. Therapy with baicalin after 3 h of Cd administration inhibited LPO and formation of GSSG along with increase in liver GSH level. Release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly restored towards control after baicalin treatment. Administration of baicalin helped in restoring the activities of antioxidants enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase towards control. Histomorphometric analysis also supported biochemical findings of the study. The observations clearly demonstrated that baicalin treatment ameliorated Cd induced hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and provides evidence for its therapeutic potential against Cd induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650 201, PR China
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Lukačínová A, Rácz O, Lovásová E, Ništiar F. Effect of lifetime low dose exposure to heavy metals on selected serum proteins of Wistar rats during three subsequent generations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1747-1755. [PMID: 21549428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of exposure to low doses of lead, cadmium and mercury dissolved in drinking water (at a concentration 200-fold of maximum allowable concentration) on selected serum proteins of 120 Wistar rats during three subsequent generations. Animals were divided into four groups in all observed generation-control (C) and three experimental groups exposed to low doses of heavy metals (lead acetate in concentration 100 μM; mercuric chloride in 1 μM; cadmium chloride in 20 μM of drinking water). We studied the biochemical parameters as well as total protein, albumin, transferrin and ferritin in the serum. Exposure to lead and mercury shortened life span, decreased body weight of the animals in each generation whereas cadmium had no such effect. Total protein increased after exposure to lead and mercury (P<0.001), albumin increased after exposure to lead and mercury in 1st filial and 2nd filial generation (P<0.05) and insignificantly decreased after exposure to cadmium in parental and 1st filial generation. Transferrin and ferritin increased in all exposed groups and generations (P<0.05). Transferrin and ferritin are good markers for intoxication of rats with heavy metals. For the results evaluation, not only data at the end of experiment should be taken into account, but entire duration of trials (i.e., more time steps), which makes results more objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnesa Lukačínová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66 Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Ober-Blöbaum JL, Engelhardt G, Hebel S, Rink L, Haase H. Cadmium ions promote monocytic differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells treated with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biol Chem 2010; 391:1295-303. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCadmium exposure has multiple effects on the immune system. These can be stimulating, leading to improved clearance of infections, or inhibiting, increasing susceptibility toward infectious agents. Onein vivoobservation in cadmium-exposed individuals is increased monocyte numbers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of cadmium on monocyte differentiation in the HL-60 model cell line. Administered alone, cadmium had no effect. However, cadmium amplified the expression of monocyte surface markers CD11b and CD14 when differentiation was induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). Furthermore, differentiation with VD3 in the presence of cadmium augmented key monocyte functions: the capacities to perform phagocytosis and generate an oxidative burst. One important signaling pathway required for monocyte differentiation involves extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Notably, cadmium induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, U0126, which inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation by upstream MAPK/ERK kinases (MEK)1/2, reduced VD3-mediated differentiation and abrogated the effects of cadmium. In conclusion, cadmium can augment monocytic differentiation by activating ERK1/2 signaling, leading to increased generation of functional monocytes. These increased monocyte numbers could contribute to the impact of cadmium on the immune system owing to their role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of T-cells by antigen presentation.
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Haase H, Ober-Blöbaum JL, Engelhardt G, Hebel S, Rink L. Cadmium ions induce monocytic production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by inhibiting mitogen activated protein kinase dephosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2010; 198:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Wen YF, Zhao JQ, Bhadauria M, Nirala SK. Pyridoxine mitigates cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:169-174. [PMID: 21787648 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of pyridoxine (vit B6) was evaluated against cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity in culture and oxidative stress in rats. Nonmalignant "Chang" liver cell culture was exposed to Cd (cadmium chloride) that produced cytotoxicity in terms of increase in cell growth inhibition rate, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation, which was significantly mitigated by pyridoxine in a concentration dependent manner. Acute exposure to Cd (6.5mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of hepatic oxidative stress by substantially increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cadmium administration significantly increased the leakage of liver marker enzymes in serum, i.e., transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Therapy with pyridoxine after 3h of Cd administration decreased the release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase towards control. Administration of pyridoxine inhibited lipid peroxidation and formation of oxidized glutathione, increased the reduced glutathione level and restored the activities of aforesaid antioxidant enzymes towards control. The observations clearly demonstrated that pyridoxine treatment mitigates cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and provides evidence that it may be used clinically against Cd-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650 201, PR China
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Angenard G, Muczynski V, Coffigny H, Pairault C, Duquenne C, Frydman R, Habert R, Rouiller-Fabre V, Livera G. Cadmium increases human fetal germ cell apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:331-7. [PMID: 20064782 PMCID: PMC2854759 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant and a major constituent of tobacco smoke. Adverse effects of this heavy metal on reproductive function have been identified in adults; however, no studies have examined its effects on human reproductive organs during development. OBJECTIVES Using our previously developed organ culture system, we investigated the effects of cadmium chloride on human gonads at the beginning of fetal life, a critical stage in the development of reproductive function. METHODS Human fetal gonads were recovered during the first trimester (711 weeks postconception) and cultured with or without Cd. We used different concentrations of Cd and compared results with those obtained with mouse fetal gonads at similar stages. RESULTS Cd, at concentrations as low as 1 microM, significantly decreased the germ cell density in human fetal ovaries. This correlated with an increase in germ cell apoptosis, but there was no effect on proliferation. Similarly, in the human fetal testis, Cd (1 microM) reduced germ cell number without affecting testosterone secretion. In mouse fetal gonads, Cd increased only female germ cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first experimental demonstration that Cd, at low concentrations, alters the survival of male and female germ cells in humans. Considering data demonstrating extensive human exposure, we believe that current environmental levels of Cd could be deleterious to early gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Angenard
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, CEADSV/iRCM/SCSR, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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Hachfi L, Sakly R. Effect of Cd transferred via food product on spermatogenesis in the rat. Andrologia 2010; 42:62-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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31
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Hauck TS, Anderson RE, Fischer HC, Newbigging S, Chan WCW. In vivo quantum-dot toxicity assessment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:138-44. [PMID: 19743433 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots have potential in biomedical applications, but concerns persist about their safety. Most toxicology data is derived from in vitro studies and may not reflect in vivo responses. Here, an initial systematic animal toxicity study of CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots in healthy Sprague-Dawley rats is presented. Biodistribution, animal survival, animal mass, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and organ histology are characterized at different concentrations (2.5-15.0 nmol) over short-term (<7 days) and long-term (>80 days) periods. The results show that the quantum dot formulations do not cause appreciable toxicity even after their breakdown in vivo over time. To generalize the toxicity of quantum dots in vivo, further investigations are still required. Some of these investigations include the evaluation of quantum dot composition (e.g., PbS versus CdS), surface chemistry (e.g., functionalization with amines versus carboxylic acids), size (e.g., 2 versus 6 nm), and shape (e.g., spheres versus rods), as well as the effect of contaminants and their byproducts on biodistribution behavior and toxicity. Combining the results from all of these studies will eventually lead to a conclusion regarding the issue of quantum dot toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S Hauck
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, 4th floor, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
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Ferrigno A, Gregotti C, Richelmi P, Vairetti M. Dexamethasone protects cultured rat hepatocytes against cadmium toxicity: involvement of cellular thiols. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 46:445-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kawakami T, Sugimoto H, Furuichi R, Kadota Y, Inoue M, Setsu K, Suzuki S, Sato M. Cadmium reduces adipocyte size and expression levels of adiponectin and Peg1/Mest in adipose tissue. Toxicology 2009; 267:20-6. [PMID: 19666079 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction has been associated with diabetogenic effects. The effects of repeated Cd exposure on adipocytes remain largely unknown. We administered Cd at doses of 0, 5, 10, and 20 micromol/kgbw sc for 2 weeks (3.5 times/week) to mice and assessed the possible alteration of epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), including histological difference, adipocyte differentiation and functional capacity. Whereas hepatic weight did not differ between the control and Cd-exposed groups, WAT weight, as well as adipose cell mass, significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in Cd-treated mice. The Cd concentration in WAT significantly increased in Cd-treated groups after 2 weeks of exposure. Next, we examined the effects of Cd on adipocyte differentiation and hypertrophy. Cd exposure significantly decreased the paternally expressed gene 1/Mesoderm-specific transcript mRNA expression levels. Both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha mRNA expression levels in WAT tended to decrease in the Cd-treated groups. Next, we determined the effects of Cd exposure on the mRNA expression levels of adipose-derived hormones, such as adiponectin and resistin. The adiponectin mRNA expression level in WAT decreased after both 6h and 2 weeks of exposure to a high dose of Cd, and the reduction in resistin mRNA expression levels was observed after 2 weeks of exposure. These results suggest that Cd exposure causes abnormal adipocyte differentiation, expansion, and function, which might lead to development of insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashige Kawakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima City 770-8514, Japan
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Rencová J, Vlková A, Curík R, Holusa R, Veselá G. Influence of heavy metals upon the retention and mobilization of polonium‐210 in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 80:769-76. [PMID: 15799622 DOI: 10.1080/09553000400017911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide information about the tissue retention and mobilization of the alpha-emitting radionuclide, polonium-210 (210Po), in rats under combined exposure to heavy metal ions and the chelating agent, 2, 3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were pre-exposed intraperitoneally to either CdCl2 or Pb(CH3COO)2. 9 or 15 h later they received 210Po nitrate intravenously. The retention and excretion of 210Po via the urine and faeces of pre-exposed rats, as well as in pre-exposed rats treated with DMPS, were followed. The radioactivity due to 210Po in a broad spectrum of body tissues and excreta was measured by the liquid scintillation counting after sample digestion in a mixture of perchloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The immunohistochemical localization of metallothioneins (MT) was studied using a mixture of murine monoclonal antibodies directed against MT I+II. RESULTS The present study revealed different tissue distributions of polonium-210 in the rats pre-exposed to lead or cadmium ions when compared with that in 210Po only controls. Under combined exposure to Pb or Cd, the spontaneous excretion of 210Po was enhanced and could be further enhanced by treatment with DMPS. Treatment with this chelator was efficient even when its start was postponed until 24h after internal contamination of the body with 210Po. CONCLUSIONS Polonium-210 is bound in vivo to binding sites on various biomolecules, among them erythrocytic enzymes and MT. This phenomenon explains the different affinity and overall distribution of 210Po in control body tissues. When the appropriate binding sites are occupied by lead or cadmium, enhanced natural excretion of polonium-210 occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rencová
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Srobárova 48, 100 42 Praha, Czech Republic.
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Bergamaschi A. The effects of metals as endocrine disruptors. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2009; 12:206-23. [PMID: 19466673 DOI: 10.1080/10937400902902062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review reports current knowledge regarding the roles that cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (PB), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) play as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The influence of these metals on the endocrine system, possible mechanisms of action, and consequent health effects were correlated between experimental animals and humans. Analysis of the studies prompted us to identify some critical issues related to this area and showed the need for more rigorous and innovative studies. Consequently, it was recommended that future studies need to: (1) identify the mechanisms of action, because at the present time only a few have been elucidated-in this context, the possible presence of hormesis need to be determined, as currently this was reported only for exposure Cd and As; (2) study the possible additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects on the endocrine system following exposure to a mixture of metals since there is a lack of these studies available, and in general or occupational environments, humans are simultaneously exposed to different classes of xenobiotics, including metals, but also to organic compounds that might also be EDCs; (3) assess the potential adverse effects on the endocrine system of low-level exposures to metals, as most of the information currently available on EDCs originates from studies in which exposure levels were particularly high; and (4) assess the effects on the endocrine and reproductive systems of other metals that are present in the general and occupational environment that have not yet been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Peter M, Vladimír U, Róbert T. Distribution of cadmium and its influence on the growth of offspring after an experimental application to female rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10934529509376184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effects of genetic mutations and chemical exposures on Caenorhabditis elegans feeding: evaluation of a novel, high-throughput screening assay. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1259. [PMID: 18060055 PMCID: PMC2092392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Government agencies have defined a need to reduce, refine or replace current mammalian-based bioassays with testing methods that use alternative species. Invertebrate species, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, provide an attractive option because of their short life cycles, inexpensive maintenance, and high degree of evolutionary conservation with higher eukaryotes. The C. elegans pharynx is a favorable model for studying neuromuscular function, and the effects of chemicals on neuromuscular activity, i.e., feeding. Current feeding methodologies, however, are labor intensive and only semi-quantitative. Methodology/Principal Findings Here a high-throughput assay is described that uses flow cytometry to measure C. elegans feeding by determining the size and intestinal fluorescence of hundreds of nematodes after exposure to fluorescent-labeled microspheres. This assay was validated by quantifying fluorescence in feeding-defective C. elegans (eat mutants), and by exposing wild-type nematodes to the neuroactive compounds, serotonin and arecoline. The eat mutations previously determined to cause slow pumping rates exhibited the lowest feeding levels with our assay. Concentration-dependent increases in feeding levels after serotonin exposures were dependent on food availability, while feeding levels decreased in arecoline-exposed nematodes regardless of the presence of food. The effects of the environmental contaminants, cadmium chloride and chlorpyrifos, on wild-type C. elegans feeding were then used to demonstrate an application of the feeding assay. Cadmium exposures above 200 µM led to a sharp drop in feeding levels. Feeding of chlorpyrifos-exposed nematodes decreased in a concentration-dependent fashion with an EC50 of 2 µM. Conclusions/Significance The C. elegans fluorescence microsphere feeding assay is a rapid, reliable method for the assessment of neurotoxic effects of pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals or environmental agents. This assay may also be applicable to large scale genetic or RNAi screens used to identify genes that are necessary for the development or function of the pharynx or other neuromuscular systems.
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Nemmiche S, Chabane-Sari D, Guiraud P. Role of α-tocopherol in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rat's blood, liver and brain. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 170:221-30. [PMID: 17897638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) a highly toxic metal is considered to be a multitarget toxicant, and it accumulates principally in the liver and kidney after absorption. In vivo studies of mouse and rat liver have shown that apoptosis plays a primary role in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the detailed mechanisms by which toxic metals such as Cd produce their effects are still largely unknown. The present study aimed at investigating the consequences of exposure to Cd, alpha-tocopherol and their combination on stress biochemical parameters (lipoperoxidation and protein carbonyls levels). Male albino Wistar rats (1 month old) were treated intravenously with cadmium (2 mg CdCl(2)/kg body weight/day), and alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg body weight/day), or with alpha-tocopherol+Cd (100 mg Vit E/kg body weight, 2 mg CdCl(2)/kg). The lipoperoxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method and oxidatively generated damage to proteins by determining carbonyl (DNPH) levels. Among the hematological parameters measured the haematocrit value and haemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased in the blood of Cd-treated rats. A significant increase was observed in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls in the cadmium exposed group compared to control group (p<0.001), and these values were decreased after administration of alpha-tocopherol (group 4). The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in rat liver and brain showed a significant increase as compared to that found in the control group and significant decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. In the liver of the Cd-treated group the contents of reduced glutathione were decreased. Our results suggest that cadmium induces an oxidation of cellular lipids and proteins and that administration of alpha-tocopherol can reduce Cd-induced oxidative stress and improve the glutathione level together with other biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïd Nemmiche
- Laboratoire de Physio Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen Cedex 13000, Algeria.
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Tzirogiannis KN, Demonakou MD, Papadimas GK, Skaltsas SD, Manta GA, Kourentzi KT, Alexandropoulou KN, Hereti RI, Mykoniatis MG, Panoutsopoulos GI. Effect of 5-HT(2) receptor blockade on cadmium-induced acute toxicity. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2351-8. [PMID: 17420952 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of 5-HT(2) receptor blockade with ketanserin or ritanserin against cadmium liver injury was investigated. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of cadmium (3.5 mg/kg body weight). Rats were treated with normal saline (group I), ketanserin (3 mg/kg body weight; group II), or ritanserin (3 mg/kg body weight; group III) 2 hr prior and 4 hr after cadmium administration and killed at different time points. Hematoxylin/eosin-stained liver sections were assessed for necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis, mitoses, and inflammatory infiltration. Apoptosis was also quantified by the TUNEL assay. Nonparenchymal liver cells and activated Kupffer cells were identified histochemically. Necrosis, hepatocyte apoptosis, nonparenchymal cell apoptosis, and macroscopic and microscopic peliosis were markedly reduced or minimized in ketanserin- or ritanserin-treated rats. The observed protective effect was almost identical for both ketanserin and ritanserin administration. 5-HT(2) receptor blockade exerts a protective effect against acute cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Tzirogiannis
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece
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Levengood JM, Skowron LM. Coaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in tissues of sentinel mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) using a former dredge-disposal impoundment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 53:281-6. [PMID: 17549551 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Six- to eight-month-old female farm-raised mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were used to examine the accumulation of and association among cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) from an impoundment constructed to contain sediments dredged from a lake contaminated by a zinc smelter. Cd was not detectable in the livers t of farm-raised mallards (day 0), although sentinel mallards accumulated hepatic Cd in the first 7 days after release. By day 14, mean concentrations of Cd in kidneys (= 2.82 mg/kg wet weight) had increased 3.4-fold. The mean pancreatic Cd concentration increased 59% between days 7 and 14. Renal Zn increased nominally, whereas pancreatic Zn increased 63% in sentinel ducks after release. Hepatic Zn increased significantly in the first week of release. Renal and pancreatic Cu concentrations did not change significantly, whereas concentrations of Cu in livers of ducks increased 50% in the 7 days after release before decreasing by nearly the same degree. Concentrations of Cd and Zn were correlated in livers of sentinel mallards on days 7 and 14. Cd and Cu were not correlated in the tissues of any cohort. Cu and Zn were correlated in the livers of farm-raised mallards, in the pancreases of sentinel mallards at day 7, and in the kidneys of the ducks in all three treatments. The relationship between Cd and Zn in tissues of ducks in our study was complicated by simultaneous exposure to increased and heterogeneous concentrations of Cd and Zn, both of which can induce metallothionein and compete for this and other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Levengood
- Center for Wildlife and Plant Ecology, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA.
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Dote E, Dote T, Shimizu H, Shimbo Y, Fujihara M, Kono K. Acute Lethal Toxicity, Hyperkalemia Associated with Renal Injury and Hepatic Damage after Intravenous Administration of Cadmium Nitrate in Rats. J Occup Health 2007; 49:17-24. [PMID: 17314462 DOI: 10.1539/joh.49.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium nitrate Cd(NO(3))(2) (CdN) is commonly used in Ni-Cd battery factories. The possibility of accidental exposure to CdN is great. CdN is very soluble in water compared to other Cd compounds. Therefore, acute toxicity would be expected to be quick due to rapid absorption after exposure. However, the mechanisms of CdN toxicity have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the acute lethal toxicity and harmful systemic effects of acute exposure to large doses of CdN. The lethal dose and dose-response study of the liver and kidney were determined after intravenous administration of CdN in rats. The LD(50) of CdN was determined to be 5.5 mg/kg. Doses of 2.1, 4.2, 6.3 mg/kg were selected for the dose-response study. Liver injury was induced at doses greater than 4.2 mg/kg. Severe hepatic injury occurred in the 6.3 mg/kg group, which would have been caused by acute exposure to the high concentration of Cd that exceeded the critical concentration in hepatic tissue. A remarkable decrease in urine volume in the 6.3 mg/kg group indicated acute renal failure. A decrease in creatinine clearance suggested acute glomerular dysfunction at doses greater than 4.2 mg/kg. Increases in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase/creatinine, beta(2)-microglobulin and glucose in the 6.3 mg/kg group indicated proximal tubular injury. Secretion of K ion was also severely affected by proximal tubular injury and severe decreases in urine volume, and an increase in serum K ion was identified at doses greater than 4.2 mg/kg. Thus severe hyperkalemia might be associated with the cardiac-derived lethal toxicity of CdN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dote
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.
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Tzirogiannis KN, Papadimas GK, Kondyli VG, Kourentzi KT, Demonakou MD, Kyriakou LG, Mykoniatis MG, Hereti RI, Panoutsopoulos GI. Peliosis hepatis: microscopic and macroscopic type, time pattern, and correlation with liver cell apoptosis in a model of toxic liver injury. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:1998-2006. [PMID: 17053957 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macroscopic and microscopic types of peliosis hepatis, time pattern, and correlation with hepatocyte and sinusoidal cell apoptosis were investigated. Male Wistar rats were injected with a dose of cadmium (6.5 mg CdCl(2)/kg body weight, intraperitoneally; group I). Putrescine (300 micromol/kg body weight, intraperitoneally; group II) was injected at 2, 5, and 8 hours and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 400 ng/animal, intravenously; group III) at 2 hours. Animals from each group were humanely killed 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 60 hours after cadmium intoxication. Liver tissue was histologically assessed for necrosis, apoptosis, and peliosis. Apoptosis was also quantified by the TUNEL assay for hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells. The discrimination between hepatic cell subpopulations was done histochemically. Sinusoidal cell apoptosis and macroscopic peliosis hepatis evolved in a monophasic pattern and correlated closely. Putrescine or VEGF administration totally reversed macroscopic peliosis. Putrescine exerted a major protective effect on hepatocytes, whereas the protective effect of VEGF was more pronounced for nonparenchymal liver cells. Microscopic peliosis also evolved in a monophasic pattern preceding macroscopic type. The extent of the lesion was reduced by putrescine and almost totally reversed by VEGF. Macroscopic peliosis progresses as a compound lesion closely correlating with nonparenchymal cell apoptosis. Both hepatocyte and nonparenchymal cell injury are prerequisites for the genesis of the lesion. Microscopic peliosis precedes macroscopic peliosis and up to a degree seems to be independent of initial hepatocyte injury, but it seems to depend on nonparenchymal cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Tzirogiannis
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, 5 Tenedou Street, Platia Amerikis, Athens, 112 57, Greece
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Toman R, Massányi P, Lukác N, Ducsay L, Golian J. Fertility and content of cadmium in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) following cadmium intake in drinking water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2005; 62:112-7. [PMID: 15978296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of cadmium applied per os on fertility, live weight of newly hatched chicks, and cadmium concentrations in some organs of young and adult pheasants were investigated. The metal was applied at the concentration of 1.5 mg Cd(2+)/L during 3 months. After the egg laying, the numbers of eggs laid, cracked, and unfertilized were determined and the live weights of newly hatched chicks were measured. The cadmium concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle (m. pectoralis) of young and adult pheasants were analyzed. We found that cadmium exposure of the adults did not affect the number of eggs laid but resulted in more eggs being damaged. Hatchlings were significantly heavier in the cadmium-treated group (21.36 +/- 2.28 g) compared to the control group (20.91 +/- 1.97 g) 4 weeks after the cadmium intake. Higher cadmium concentrations were observed in the muscle and kidney tissue of newly hatched pheasants after 4 weeks compared to the cadmium-exposed groups after 8 and 12 weeks. The cadmium concentrations in kidneys and liver increased significantly in adult pheasants. The metal had accumulated especially in kidneys of the adult pheasants and reached levels up to 9.64 mg/kg wet weight 3 months after the daily cadmium intake in drinking water. The concentration in liver of the adults was 3.53 mg/kg wet weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toman
- Department of Morphology of Vertebrates, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant that affects adversely a number of organs in humans and other mammals, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, testis, and placenta. The liver and kidneys, which are the primary organs involved in the elimination of systemic Cd, are especially sensitive to the toxic effects of Cd. Because Cd ions possess a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups and thiolate anions, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the handling and toxicity of Cd in target organs can be defined largely by the molecular interactions that occur between Cd ions and various sulfhydryl-containing molecules that are present in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments. A great deal of scientific data have been collected over the years to better define the toxic effects of Cd in the primary target organs. Notwithstanding all of the new developments made and information gathered, it is surprising that very little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake, retention, and elimination of Cd in target epithelial cells. Therefore, the primary purpose of this review is to summarize and put into perspective some of the more salient current findings, assertions, and hypotheses pertaining to the transport and handling of Cd in the epithelial cells of target organs. Particular attention has been placed on the molecular mechanisms involved in the absorption, retention, and secretion of Cd in small intestinal enterocytes, hepatocytes, and tubular epithelial cells lining both proximal and distal portions of the nephron. The purpose of this review is not only to provide a summary of published findings but also to provide speculations and testable hypotheses based on contemporary findings made in other areas of research, with the hope that they may promote and serve as the impetus for future investigations designed to define more precisely the cellular mechanisms involved in the transport and handling of Cd within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolfs K Zalups
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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Kondoh M, Araragi S, Sato K, Higashimoto M, Takiguchi M, Sato M. Cadmium induces apoptosis partly via caspase-9 activation in HL-60 cells. Toxicology 2002; 170:111-7. [PMID: 11750088 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a potent immunotoxic metal, induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mode of action remains unclear. We previously reported that Cd-induced apoptosis was partly dependent on mitochondria. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of caspase-9, which is the apex caspase in the mitochondoria-dependent apoptosis pathway, in Cd-induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. A specific inhibitor of caspase-9, Z-LEHD-FMK, partly inhibited DNA fragmentation induced by Cd treatment in HL-60 cells. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with Cd resulted in the appearance of Cytochrome c (Cyt c), a potent activator of caspase-9, in the cytosol at 3 h, which closely paralleled the activation of caspase-9. Caspase-9 is an initiator caspase that is a potent activator of downstream effector caspases such as caspase-3. Caspase-3 activation was subsequent to the Cyt c release at 6 h. DNA fragmentation, an index of induction of apoptosis, also appeared 6 h after Cd treatment. The effects were more pronounced at 9 h after Cd addition. A broad-specificity inhibitor of caspases, Z-Asp-CH(2)-DCB, inhibited caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation induced by Cd in a dose-dependent fashion. The results suggest that Cd-induced apoptosis is partly caused by caspase-9 activation triggered by Cyt c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Kondoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, 770-8514, Tokushima, Japan
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Lafuente A, Márquez N, Pérez-Lorenzo M, Pazo D, Esquifino AI. Cadmium effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in male rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001; 226:605-11. [PMID: 11395933 DOI: 10.1177/153537020122600615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes cadmium effects at the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Male rats were given cadmium during puberty or adulthood. Cadmium exposure through puberty increased norepinephrine content in all hypothalamic areas studied, but not in the median eminence. Metal exposure increased serotonin turnover in median eminence and the anterior hypothalamus, while decreased it in mediobasal hypothalamus. Also, decreased plasma levels of testosterone were found. Cadmium exposure during adulthood increased norepinephrine content in posterior hypothalamus and decreased the neuro-transmitter content in anterior and mediobasal hypothalamus. Decreased circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone and increased plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were also observed. Cadmium accumulated in all analyzed tissues. Various parameters showed age-dependent changes. These data suggest that cadmium globally effects hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function by acting at the three levels analyzed and that an interaction between cadmium exposure and age emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lafuente
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, Campus de Orense, Las Lagunas, 32004-Ourense, Spain
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Abstract
The effect of 30, 100 and 300 ppm of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure for 35 days on humoral and cell mediated immune response was examined in Swiss Albino mice. Body burden of cadmium in kidney, spleen and liver was determined and histopathology of these organs was also done. Cadmium chloride in doses of 100 and 300 ppm when fed in drinking water caused significant decrease in IgM and IgG titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and a significant decrease in IgG titre against bovine serum albumin (BSA). The delayed type hypersensitivity response to SRBC and splenic T cell proliferation to BSA was also significantly decreased following 100 amd 300 ppm cadmium exposure. Cadmium accumulation in the spleen, liver and kidney was associated with degeneration and inflammatory changes. It is concluded that cadmium causes significant suppression of humoral and cell mediated immune response in mice which could be due to its cytotoxic action on liver, kidney and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ján M, Frantisek N. Cadmium-induced changes in cation-osmotic haemolysis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 8:79-81. [PMID: 10867366 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(99)00036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocyte microrheology changes were measured using cation-osmotic haemolysis (COH) in healthy rats and rats after 6 and 12 months of cadmium ingestion. Using COH properties of two membrane constituents, spectrine membrane skeleton and membrane bilayer, were studied. COH in rats after 6 months of cadmium ingestion was significantly lower only in the area with lower ionic strength. However, longer intake of cadmium (12 months) induced decrease of COH in both areas, with lower and also with higher ionic strength. The relation between cation-osmotic haemolysis and erythrocyte deformability is being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ján
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, P.J. Safarik University, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Ostrowski SR, Wilbur S, Chou CH, Pohl HR, Stevens YW, Allred PM, Roney N, Fay M, Tylenda CA. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's 1997 priority list of hazardous substances. Latent effects--carcinogenesis, neurotoxicology, and developmental deficits in humans and animals. Toxicol Ind Health 1999; 15:602-44. [PMID: 10677885 DOI: 10.1177/074823379901500702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In support of Superfund re-authorization legislation, the Division of Toxicology of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a chemical-specific consultation document for Congress that identified those chemicals with carcinogenic, neurological, or developmental adverse effects having a latency period longer than 6 years. The review was limited to the top 50 substances listed on ATSDR's 1997 Priority List of Hazardous Substances (Priority List). Among the top 50 chemicals, a review of the technical literature indicated that 38 (76%) were classified as "reasonably anticipated," "possibly," or "probably" capable of causing cancer in humans, based either on human and animal data. Eight chemicals (16%) had well-established cancer latency periods in humans of 6 years or more following exposure. Three substances (6%)--arsenic, creosote, and benzidine--had data indicating latency periods longer than 6 years. The technical literature review likewise confirmed the potential for neurological and developmental effects with a latency of 6 years. Twenty-seven (54%) of the top 50 substances caused acute and/or chronic neurotoxic effects; a number of these also caused neurological effects that persisted beyond 6 years (or the equivalent in animal studies) such as: behavioral problems, neurological deficiencies, reduced psychomotor development, cognitive deficiencies, and reduced IQ. Twenty-eight substances (56%) caused adverse developmental effects in offspring of exposed individuals or animals including increased fetal and infant mortality, decreased birth weights and litter sizes, and growth delays. Latency periods for related chemicals are expected to be similar due to structural and toxicological similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ostrowski
- Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Sujatha R, Jayakumar AR, Krishnamoorthy MS, Paul V, Jayakumar R. Behavioural and biochemical changes after simultaneous and post-treatment of vitamin A and D on cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1999; 7:189-197. [PMID: 21781925 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(99)00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1998] [Revised: 02/24/1999] [Accepted: 03/01/1999] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an investigation was undertaken to assess the protective efficacy in cadmium toxicity of vitamins administered simultaneously as well as post-treatment. Rats were treated with cadmium 1 mg/kg body weight (bw) powdered vitamin A chewable tablet 500 IU/kg bw/day and injectable vitamin D(3) (made into a suspension with gum tragacanth in 100 ml distilled water) 100 IU/kg bw/day, mixed with powdered pellet feed and fed to experimental animals. Spontaneous motor activity and Rota Rod Endurance time was recorded after both simultaneous (for 21 days) and post-treatment (42 days). Vitamin treated animals by themselves behaved like controls but attenuated the cadmium effect when given Cd simultaneously or as post-treatment. While the biochemical changes were assayed, vitamins which did not have any influence on their own, given simultaneously and as post-treatment, antagonized the cadmium effect on heart, liver tissues and serum. Both simultaneous and post-cadmium and -vitamin treatments significantly increased the activities of the enzymes aspartic amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in tissues and serum. Simultaneous and post-vitamin treatment with Cd had an effect of bringing back the activity of the enzymes closer to control values. These data suggest that treatment with vitamin A and D can minimise the Cd effect when given to the population exposed to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sujatha
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. A.L.M.Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India
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