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Liu M, Graham N, Xu L, Zhang K, Yu W. Bubbleless aerated-biological activated carbon as a superior process for drinking water treatment in rural areas. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120089. [PMID: 37216786 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water supply in rural areas remains a substantial challenge due to complex natural, technical and economic conditions. To provide safe and affordable drinking water to all, as targeted in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda), low-cost, efficient water treatment processes suitable for rural areas need to be developed. In this study, a bubbleless aeration BAC (termed ABAC) process is proposed and evaluated, involving the incorporation of a hollow fiber membrane (HFM) assembly within a slow-rate BAC filter, to provide dissolved oxygen (DO) throughout the BAC filter and an increased DOM removal efficiency. The results showed that after a 210-day period of operation, the ABAC increased the DOC removal by 54%, and decreased the disinfection byproduct formation potential (DBPFP) by 41%, compared to a comparable BAC filter without aeration (termed NBAC). The elevated DO (> 4 mg/L) not only reduced secreted extracellular polymer, but also modified the microbial community with a stronger degradation ability. The HFM-based aeration showed comparable performance to 3 mg/L pre-ozonation, and the DOC removal efficiency was four times greater than that of a conventional coagulation process. The proposed ABAC treatment, with its various advantages (e.g., high stability, avoidance of chemicals, ease of operation and maintenance), is well-suited to be integrated as a prefabricated device, for decentralized drinking water systems in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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2
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Long W, Chen Z, Shi J, Yang S. Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) Ions in Petrochemical Wastewater Using Fe 3O 4@ Saccharomyces cerevisiae Magnetic Nanocomposite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183250. [PMID: 36145038 PMCID: PMC9500928 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is a widely available biobased source for function material. In this work, a kind of new efficient magnetic composite adsorbent containing Fe3O4 and SC was prepared successfully and used for the removal of Cr(VI) ions in petrochemical wastewater. The morphology and structure of this magnetic adsorbent were characterized with FT-IR, TG, XRD, VSM, SEM and XPS. The effect of the different factors such as pH, adsorption time, initial Cr(VI) ions concentration and adsorption temperature on the adsorption behavior were investigated. The results showed that 10%-Fe3O4@SC exhibited high removal rate, reutilization and large removal capacity. The corresponding removal capacity and removal rate could reach 128.03 mg/g and 96.02% when the pH value was 2, adsorption time was 180 min, and initial Cr(VI) ions concentration were 80 mg/L at 298 K. The kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order, which indicated that the adsorption behavior of 10%-Fe3O4@SC for Cr(VI) ions belonged to the physical adsorption and chemical adsorption co-existence. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. It still showed better adsorption performance and reutilization after the fifth adsorption-desorption experiment. The possible mechanism of Cr(VI) ions adsorption onto the 10%-Fe3O4@SC magnetic adsorbent has been discussed. Hence, this new adsorbent will be a candidate for industry-level applications in petrochemical wastewater containing Cr(VI) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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Ayoub M. Fenton process for the treatment of wastewater effluent from the edible oil industry. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1388-1401. [PMID: 36178813 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study intends to investigate the performance of the Fenton reaction as one of the most efficient (AOPs) in a batch mode for treating wastewater effluent from the edible oil industry, as well as the parameters that influence the reaction, such as pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) doses at various reaction times. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied with a central composite design (CCD) for optimizing the responses of pollutant removals. The obtained results indicated that the authenticated response to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 93.52%, at optimum values of pH, FeSO4.7H2O dose, H2O2 dose, and reaction time of 3, 1 g/L, 8.38 g/L, and 50 min, respectively. Furthermore, the authenticated response to oil and grease (O&G) removal was 99.8%, at optimum values of pH, FeSO4.7H2O dose, H2O2 dose, and reaction time of 3, 0.71 g/L, 8.7 g/L, and 37.4 min, respectively. Under these conditions, the residual COD and O&G after Fenton oxidation become 155.4 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ayoub
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt E-mail:
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Comparison of Fenton and Ozone Oxidation for Pretreatment of Petrochemical Wastewater: COD Removal and Biodegradability Improvement Mechanism. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective pretreatment of highly concentrated and bio-refractory petrochemical wastewater to improve biodegradability is of significant importance, but remains challenging. This study compared the pretreatment of petrochemical wastewater by two commonly used chemical advanced oxidation technologies (Fenton and ozone oxidation), and the mechanisms of biodegradability improvement of pretreated wastewater were explored. The obtained results showed that in the Fenton oxidation system, the COD removal of petrochemical wastewater was 89.8%, BOD5 decreased from 303.66 mg/L to 155.49 mg/L, and BOD5/COD (B/C) increased from 0.052 to 0.62 after 60 min under the condition of 120 mg/L Fe2+ and 500 mg/L H2O2, with a treatment cost of about 1.78 $/kgCOD. In the ozone oxidation system, the COD removal of petrochemical wastewater was 59.4%, BOD5 increased from 127.86 mg/L to 409.28 mg/L, and B/C increased from 0.052 to 0.41 after 60 min at an ozone flow rate of 80 mL/min with a treatment cost of approximately 1.96 $/kgCOD. The petrochemical wastewater treated by both processes meets biodegradable standards. The GC–MS analysis suggested that some refractory pollutants could be effectively removed by ozone oxidation, but these pollutants could be effectively degraded by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced by the Fenton reaction. In summary, compared with ozone oxidation, petrochemical wastewater pretreated with Fenton oxidation had high COD removal efficiency and biodegradability, and the treatment cost of Fenton oxidation was also lower than that of ozone oxidation.
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Jayakumar A, Wurzer C, Soldatou S, Edwards C, Lawton LA, Mašek O. New directions and challenges in engineering biologically-enhanced biochar for biological water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148977. [PMID: 34273833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable water treatment solutions utilising existing materials and technology will make it easier for low and middle-income countries to adopt them, improving public health. The ability of biochar to mediate and support microbial degradation of contaminants, combined with its carbon-sequestration potential, has attracted attention in recent years. Biochar is a possible candidate for use in cost-effective and sustainable biological water treatment, especially in agrarian economies with easy access to abundant biomass in the form of crop residues and organic wastes. This review evaluates the scope, potential benefits (economic and environmental) and challenges of sustainable biological water treatment using 'Biologically-Enhanced Biochar' or BEB. We discuss the various processes occurring in BEB systems and demonstrate the urgent need to investigate microbial degradation mechanisms. We highlight the need to correlate biochar properties to biofilm development, which can eventually determine process efficiency. We also demonstrate the various opportunities in adopting BEB as a cheaper and more viable alternative in Low and Middle Income Countries and compare it to the current benchmark, 'Biological Activated Carbon'. We focus on the recent advances in the areas of data science, mathematical modelling and molecular biology to systematically and sustainably design BEB filters, unlike the largely empirical design approaches seen in water treatment. 'Sequential biochar systems' are introduced as specially designed end-of-life techniques to lower the environmental impact of BEB filters and examples of their integration into biological water treatment that can fulfil zero waste criteria for BEBs are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jayakumar
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Christian Wurzer
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Chu L, Ding P, Ding M. Pilot-scale microaerobic hydrolysis-acidification and anoxic-oxic processes for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58677-58687. [PMID: 34118001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microaerobic hydrolysis and acidification (MHA), as a promising pre-treatment method of industrial wastewater, is drawing increasing attention to enhance the hydrolysis-acidification rate and inhibit the production of toxic gas H2S. In the present work, a pilot-scale MHA reactor coupled with anoxic-oxic (A/O) processes for treating the petrochemical wastewater was established and the mechanism and application of the MHA reaction were explored. The results showed that the ratio of VFA/COD was increased by 43-90% and low effluent S2- concentration (less than 0.2 mg/L) was obtained after MHA treatment with 5.5-13.8 L air m-3 h-1 supply. The MHA sludge exhibited a good settleability, a higher protease activity and plentiful community diversity. In addition to the dominant anaerobic bacteria responsible for hydrolysis and acidification such as Clostridiales uncultured, Anaerovorax, Anaerolineaceae uncultured and Fastidiosipila, the sulfate reducing bacteria involving Desulfobacter, Desulfomicrobium and Desulfobulbus, the sulphur oxidizing bacteria involving Thiobacillus, Arcobacter and Limnobacter, the nitrifies such as Nitrosomonadaceae uncultured and Nitrospira, and denitrifies Thauera were also identified. MHA pre-treatment guaranteed the efficacy and stability of the following A/O treatment. The removal efficiency of COD and ammonium of the MHA-A/O system remained at around 78.3% and 80.8%, respectively, although the organic load fluctuated greatly in the influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Chu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengyuan Ding
- Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcong Ding
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, People's Republic of China
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Li L. Toxicity evaluation and by-products identification of triclosan ozonation and chlorination. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128223. [PMID: 33297179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has attracted increasing concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence in aquatic environments as well as its potential adverse effects on human health. This study investigated the toxicity and transformation characteristics of triclosan ozonation and chlorination. The results showed that two hydroxylated by-products were formed via nucleophilic substitution during ozonation, while three chlorinated compounds were generated via electrophilic substitution during chlorination. The toxicity results demonstrated that the parent compound, triclosan, exhibited mild genotoxicity and anti-estrogenic activity. The chlorination of triclosan resulted in a 30-fold increase in anti-estrogenic activity owing to the generation of toxic polychlorinated transformation by-products. In addition, the chlorination by-products were found to be genotoxic like the parent compound. Fortunately, in contrast to chlorination, ozonation could mitigate the genotoxicity and anti-estrogenic activity of triclosan-containing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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8
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Zan X, Zhang L, Liu Y. Effective oxidative degradation of coal gasification wastewater by ozonation: A process study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126963. [PMID: 32413797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coal gasification wastewater (CGW) has attracted considerable industrial attention because of its high toxicity and poor biodegradability. Ozonation is a promising process for CGW treatment. In this study, the effects of ozone concentration, pH, and ozonation time on CGW treatment were investigated. The results confirmed that CGW was degraded effectively and that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 1057 to 362 mgL-1, utilizing 50 mgL-1 ozone for 90 min. Further, the color of CGW changed from brown to clear and colorless, and the pH decreased from 8.5 to 4.7. Importantly, molds were observed in the oxidized CGW after 14 d at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C), indicating that CGW is significantly biodegradable by ozonation. The CGW components were extracted with three different organic solvents (chloroform, n-hexane, and benzene), and their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) before and after ozonation. The results proved that considerable amounts of highly toxic refractory compounds in CGW, such as phenolic compounds, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs), were degraded to compounds that included olefins, carboxylic acids, and cycloalkanes, or minerals, which are relatively environmentally benign. Moreover, the number of substances in CGW decreased significantly from 127 to 74 after ozonation. Summarily, ozonation is a promising approach for the treatment of highly toxic refractory wastewater, such as CGW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830023, China
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830023, China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830023, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Letao Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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9
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Varjani S, Joshi R, Srivastava VK, Ngo HH, Guo W. Treatment of wastewater from petroleum industry: current practices and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27172-27180. [PMID: 30868465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum industry is one of the fastest growing industries, and it significantly contributes to economic growth in developing countries like India. The wastewater from a petroleum industry consist a wide variety of pollutants like petroleum hydrocarbons, mercaptans, oil and grease, phenol, ammonia, sulfide, and other organic compounds. All these compounds are present as very complex form in discharged water of petroleum industry, which are harmful for environment directly or indirectly. Some of the techniques used to treat oily waste/wastewater are membrane technology, photocatalytic degradation, advanced oxidation process, electrochemical catalysis, etc. In this review paper, we aim to discuss past and present scenario of using various treatment technologies for treatment of petroleum industry waste/wastewater. The treatment of petroleum industry wastewater involves physical, chemical, and biological processes. This review also provides scientific literature on knowledge gaps and future research directions to evaluate the effect(s) of various treatment technologies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India.
| | - Rutu Joshi
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Srivastava
- Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, 384315, India
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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10
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Zhao G, Li N, Li B, Li W, Liu Y, Chai T. ANN model for predicting acrylonitrile wastewater degradation in supercritical water oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135336. [PMID: 31837873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discharged acrylonitrile wastewater had aroused more and more attention due to the increasingly serious water pollution. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) was an effective and fast way to degrade it completely without secondary pollution. To better illustrate the performances of SCWO of acrylonitrile wastewater, the experimental research covered the effects of different operation conditions on TOC reduction, such as reduced temperature (T/Tc), reduced pressure (P/Pc), initial total organic carbon concentration (TOC0), stoichiometric ratio (SR) and residence time (t). For a more accurate prediction of the emissions, two kinds of artificial neural network (ANN) models were adopt to simulate the TOC reductions in the processes of SCWO of acrylonitrile wastewater, including the Cascade-forward back propagation neural network (CFBPNN) and Feed-forward back propagation neural network (FFBPNN). The input parameters of ANN models were T/Tc, P/Pc, TOC0, SR and t. The output parameter was TOC reduction (η). The mean square error (E2) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the model performances, respectively. Both the model and the experiment results had shown the TOC reduction could be greatly improved by reduced temperature, reduced pressure, initial TOC concentration, stoichiometric ratio and residence time. The FFBPNN model with the hidden neurons numbers of 12 was shown much better performances than the CFBPNN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Na Li
- North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yucun Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Tao Chai
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Centurião APSL, Baldissarelli VZ, Scaratti G, de Amorim SM, Moreira RFPM. Enhanced ozonation degradation of petroleum refinery wastewater in the presence of oxide nanocatalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1239-1249. [PMID: 29267135 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1420103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of Mn2O3, FeOOH and CeO2 nanoparticles was evaluated in the treatment of a synthetic petroleum refinery wastewater (SPRW) using O3 in a discontinuous reactor at 25°C and pH 5.5. The mineralization and partial chemical oxidation rates of SPRW using these metal oxides are in the same order of magnitude, and the catalytic activity in the mineralization of SPRW decreased in the order Mn2O3 > CeO2 > FeOOH. The mineralized fraction progressively increased with time in the catalytic process while in the non-catalytic process it remained constant. The effect of the operational conditions on the mineralization and partial chemical oxidation rates using Mn2O3 was investigated in detail. The mineralization rate was found to be lower than the partial oxidation rate due to the formation of partially oxidized by-products, and this is dependent on the solids dosage and pH. An investigation of the mechanism demonstrated that the enhancement effect could be attributed to the introduction of the manganese oxide nanoparticles, which could promote the utilization of O3 and/or enhance the formation of free radicals (•OH, •O2H and •O2-) on the solid surface and further accelerate the degradation of the organic compounds present in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P S L Centurião
- a Laboratory of Energy and the Environment Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - V Z Baldissarelli
- a Laboratory of Energy and the Environment Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - G Scaratti
- a Laboratory of Energy and the Environment Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - S M de Amorim
- a Laboratory of Energy and the Environment Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - R F P M Moreira
- a Laboratory of Energy and the Environment Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
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12
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Yu Z, Hu Y, Dzakpasu M, Wang XC, Ngo HH. Dynamic membrane bioreactor performance enhancement by powdered activated carbon addition: Evaluation of sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:73-83. [PMID: 30473309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties in a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) were investigated to explore the enhancement mechanism of pollutants removal and filtration performance. Sludge properties were analyzed through various analytical measurements. The results showed that the improved sludge aggregation ability and the evolution of microbial communities affected sludge morphology in PAC-DMBR, as evidenced by the formation of large, regularly shaped and strengthened sludge flocs. The modifications of sludge characteristics promoted the formation process and filtration flux of the dynamic membrane (DM) layer. Additionally, PAC addition did not exert very significant influence on the propagation of eukaryotes (protists and metazoans) and microbial metabolic activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that adding PAC improved the bacterial diversity in activated sludge, as PAC addition brought about additional microenvironment in the form of biological PAC (BPAC), which promoted the enrichment of Acinetobacter (13.9%), Comamonas (2.9%), Flavobacterium (0.31%) and Pseudomonas (0.62%), all contributing to sludge flocs formation and several (such as Acinetobacter) capable of biodegrading relatively complex organics. Therefore, PAC addition could favorably modify sludge properties from various aspects and thus enhance the DMBR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yisong Hu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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13
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Scaratti G, Rauen TG, Baldissarelli VZ, José HJ, Moreira RDFPM. Residue-based iron oxide catalyst for the degradation of simulated petrochemical wastewater via heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2559-2567. [PMID: 28752799 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1361474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide with a high degree of purity was recovered from waste and used as an environmentally friendly, low-cost catalyst in the application of the photo-Fenton process to simulated petrochemical wastewater (SPW). Iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, zeta potential, toxicity and atomic absorption spectrometry. The experiments were performed in a batch photochemical reactor, at 20 ± 2.0°C and pH 3.0. The SPW was efficiently mineralized and oxidized using a low catalyst dosage. The results showed that the organic compounds present in the wastewater were not adsorbed onto the solid surface. The solid was found to be stable with negligible leaching and low toxicity. The kTOC/kCOD ratios were calculated and varied according to the process: for a homogeneous reaction, the ratio obtained was 0.31 and for the heterogenous photo-Fenton process, it was closer to 1. The chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal values were very close, indicating that the SPW is immediately mineralized, without producing partially oxidized compounds. The residue-based goethite studied represents a good alternative to commercially available catalysts in terms of sources and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidiane Scaratti
- a Department of Chemical and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário - Trindade , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - Thalita Grando Rauen
- b Department of Chemical and Biological , Technological Federal University of Paraná, Campus Francisco Beltrão, Linha Santa Bárbara , Francisco Beltrão , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zanon Baldissarelli
- a Department of Chemical and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário - Trindade , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - Humberto Jorge José
- a Department of Chemical and Food Engineering , Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário - Trindade , Florianópolis , Brazil
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14
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Data on investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in a petrochemical complex in Iran. Data Brief 2018; 20:1191-1200. [PMID: 30225329 PMCID: PMC6139488 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this data was investigating the quantity and quality of the produced effluent by different petrochemical industry units in Iran and comparison of effluent with the present standards. In the present data, 5 effluent channel of the complex with interval of 12 h (in two shifts) were sampled and 28 physical and chemical parameters were analyzed according to the standard methods. These parameters are pH, Temperature, DO, Conductivity, Color, TDS, TSS, TP, PO43-, Oil, BOD5, COD, Turbidity, TKN, Fe, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, Si4+, CO32-, HCO3, NO2-, NO3-, NH3, Na, K+, Mn2+. Then, the average of each parameter was obtained for each channel, and finally, values of these parameters were compared with the standard set by Iranian Environmental Protection Agency for discharge to surface water resources. Gathered Data showed that many of these parameters, including Oil, BOD5, COD, Turbidity, PO43-, SO42-, TSS, in effluent of industrials are higher than the permitted amount. Therefore, regarding discharge of the to the surface water (seawater) and in accordance with Environment Protection Agency standards for effluent disposal, it should be purified to about 90% prior to discharge. Due to high concentration of solutes in petrochemical wastewater, it is not possible to use it for agricultural purpose. In this data, due to ethical considerations, we did not mention the name of petrochemical complex.
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15
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Prabakar D, Suvetha K S, Manimudi VT, Mathimani T, Kumar G, Rene ER, Pugazhendhi A. Pretreatment technologies for industrial effluents: Critical review on bioenergy production and environmental concerns. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:165-180. [PMID: 29679823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of different pretreatment techniques and technologies prior to effluent discharge is a direct result of the inefficiency of several existing wastewater treatment methods. A majority of the industrial sectors have known to cause severe negative effects on the environment. The five major polluting industries are the paper and pulp mills, coal manufacturing facilities, petrochemical, textile and the pharmaceutical sectors. Pretreatment methods have been widely used in order to lower the toxicity levels of effluents and comply with environmental standards. In this review, the possible environmental benefits and concerns of adopting different pretreatment technologies for renewable energy production and product/resource recovery has been reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desika Prabakar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subha Suvetha K
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 303, India
| | - Varshini T Manimudi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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16
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Korotta-Gamage SM, Sathasivan A. A review: Potential and challenges of biologically activated carbon to remove natural organic matter in drinking water purification process. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:120-138. [PMID: 27716585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of biologically activated carbon (BAC) in drinking water purification is reviewed. In the past BAC is seen mostly as a polishing treatment. However, BAC has the potential to provide solution to recent challenges faced by water utilities arising from change in natural organic matter (NOM) composition in drinking water sources - increased NOM concentration with a larger fraction of hydrophilic compounds and ever increasing trace level organic pollutants. Hydrophilic NOM is not removed by traditional coagulation process and causes bacterial regrowth and increases disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during disinfection. BAC can offer many advantages by removing hydrophilic fraction and many toxic and endocrine compounds which are not otherwise removed. BAC can also aid the other downstream processes if used as a pre-treatment. Major drawback of BAC was longer empty bed contact time (EBCT) required for an effective NOM removal. This critical review analyses the strategies that have been adopted to enhance the biological activity of the carbon by operational means and summarises the surface modification methods. To maximize the benefit of the BAC, a rethink of current treatment plant configuration is proposed. If the process can be expedited and adopted appropriately, BAC can solve many of the current problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arumugam Sathasivan
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, NSW 2747, Australia.
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17
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Ding P, Chu L, Wang J. Biological treatment of actual petrochemical wastewater using anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and the microbial diversity analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10193-10202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Roy R, Haak L, Li L, Pagilla K. Anaerobic digestion for solids reduction and detoxification of refinery waste streams. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Yang Q, Xiong P, Ding P, Chu L, Wang J. Treatment of petrochemical wastewater by microaerobic hydrolysis and anoxic/oxic processes and analysis of bacterial diversity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:169-175. [PMID: 26233329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microaerobic hydrolysis-acidification (MHA)-anoxic-oxic (A/O) processes were developed to treat actual petrochemical wastewater. The results showed that the overall COD removal efficiency was 72-79% at HRT=20h, and MHA accounted for 33-42% of COD removal, exhibiting good efficiency of acidogenic fermentation. Ammonium removal was more than 94%. The main pollutants in the influent were identified to be benzene, ketone, alcohols, amine, nitrile and phenols by GC-MS, and the majority of pollutants could be removed by MHA-A/O treatment. Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacteria in the system, accounting for more than 55% of the reads. The predominant genera in MHA, anoxic and oxic reactors were Anaerolineaceae and Sulfuritalea, Lactococcus and Blastocatella, and Saprospiraceae uncultured and Nitrosomonadaceae, respectively. This treatment system exhibited good performance in degrading the complex compounds in the petrochemical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Panpan Xiong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Libing Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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20
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Bustillo-Lecompte CF, Knight M, Mehrvar M. Assessing the performance of uv/H2O2as a pretreatment process in TOC removal of an actual petroleum refinery wastewater and its inhibitory effects on activated sludge. CAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Fernando Bustillo-Lecompte
- Graduate Programs in Environmental Applied Science and Management; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Mark Knight
- Graduate Programs in Environmental Applied Science and Management; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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21
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dos Santos EV, Sena SFM, da Silva DR, Ferro S, De Battisti A, Martínez-Huitle CA. Scale-up of electrochemical oxidation system for treatment of produced water generated by Brazilian petrochemical industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8466-8475. [PMID: 24687787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Scale-up of anodic oxidation system is critical to the practical application of electrochemical treatment in bio-refractory organic wastewater treatment. In this study, the scale-up of electrochemical flow system was investigated by treating petrochemical wastewater using platinized titanium (Ti/Pt) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes. It was demonstrated that flow cell was successfully scaled-up because when it was compared with batch mode (Rocha et al. 2012b), higher performances on organic matter removal were achieved. Under the suitable operating conditions and better anode material, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of petrochemical wastewater was reduced from 2,746 to 200 mg L(-1) within 5 h with an energy consumption of only 56.2 kWh m(-3) in the scaled-up BDD anode system. These results demonstrate that anode flow system is very promising in practical bio-refractory organic wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisama Vieira dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, RN, CEP 59.072-970, Brazil
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22
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Dionisi D. Potential and Limits of Biodegradation Processes for the Removal of Organic Xenobiotics from Wastewaters. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Ng CA, Sun D, Bashir MJK, Wai SH, Wong LY, Nisar H, Wu B, Fane AG. Optimization of membrane bioreactors by the addition of powdered activated carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 138:38-47. [PMID: 23612160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It was found that with replenishment, powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) would develop biologically activated carbon (BAC) which could enhance filtration performance of a conventional MBR. This paper addresses two issues (i) effect of PAC size on MBR (BAC) performance; and (ii) effect of sludge retention time (SRT) on the MBR performance with and without PAC. To interpret the trends, particle/floc size, concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), total organic carbon (TOC), short-term filtration properties and transmembrane pressure (TMP) versus time are measured. The results showed improved fouling control with fine, rather than coarse, PAC provided the flux did not exceed the deposition flux for the fine PAC. Without PAC, the longer SRT operation gave lower fouling at modest fluxes. With PAC addition, the shorter SRT gave better fouling control, possibly due to greater replenishment of the fresh PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Aun Ng
- University of Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar Perak, Malaysia.
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24
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Lai B, Zhou Y, Yang P. Passivation of Sponge Iron and GAC in Fe0/GAC Mixed-Potential Corrosion Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie203019t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lai
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Architecture and
Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu
610065, China
- Research
Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing
100012, China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- Research
Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing
100012, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Architecture and
Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu
610065, China
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25
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Di Iaconi C. Biological treatment and ozone oxidation: Integration or coupling? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 106:63-68. [PMID: 22206914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters generated by many economically relevant industrial activities contain recalcitrant organic compounds which pass unaltered through biological stage of the treatment plant making it difficult to meet the discharge limits currently in force. Therefore, an additional treatment is usually required to remove these compounds. In this study, the application of ozonation together with biological treatment was investigated. In particular, the effectiveness of biological degradation followed by or integrated with ozonation for treating the effluents produced by three environmentally relevant activities (i.e., leather and textile processing and municipal waste landfilling) are compared in the present paper. The results show that biological treatment followed by ozonation does not guarantee depurative levels sufficient for discharge for landfill leachates and tannery wastewater. On the contrary, thanks to the synergy between biological degradation and ozonation, integrated treatment significantly improves the process performance for all the investigated wastewaters, thus allowing the discharge limits to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Di Iaconi
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R, Via F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy.
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26
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Zhu X, Ni J, Wei J, Chen P. Scale-up of B-doped diamond anode system for electrochemical oxidation of phenol simulated wastewater in batch mode. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Babaei R, Bonakdarpour B, Nasernejad B, Fallah N. Kinetics of styrene biodegradation in synthetic wastewaters using an industrial activated sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 184:111-117. [PMID: 20828926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of styrene biodegradation in synthetic wastewaters, containing either styrene or styrene together with ethanol, by an industrial activated sludge obtained from the wastewater treatment unit of a petrochemical complex was studied. The kinetic data could be fitted using the Haldane kinetic model. This model was previously used to predict kinetic data for biodegradation of styrene by pure or mixed microbial cultures isolated from biofilters, but the values of the model parameters reported in these studies was substantially different from that obtained for the industrial activated sludge. The presence of ethanol did not affect the kinetics of styrene biodegradation by the industrial activated sludge; however, it increased the rates of styrene biodegradation due to the resulting higher microbial growth rates. Styrene concentration was found to affect the specific growth rate in a manner similar to its effect on the styrene degradation rate. No lag phase was observed in styrene biodegradation by industrial activated sludge for styrene concentrations up to 100mg/L. Lag phase was observed for municipal activated sludge even at 50mg/L styrene concentration but the rate of styrene biodegradation after the lag phase was similar to that achieved by the industrial activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babaei
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - B Bonakdarpour
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran; Food Process Engineering and Biotechnology Research Centre, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - B Nasernejad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - N Fallah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran
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28
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Ng CA, Sun D, Zhang J, Wu B, Fane AG. Mechanisms of Fouling Control in Membrane Bioreactors by the Addition of Powdered Activated Carbon. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496391003667138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Zhao Z, Jiang G, Jiang S, Ding F. Integrated anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation in an internal airlift loop reactor for phenol wastewater treatment. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-009-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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30
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Yang X, Bai M, Han F. Treatment of phenol wastewater using hydroxyl radical produced by micro-gap discharge plasma technique. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2009; 81:450-455. [PMID: 19445335 DOI: 10.2175/106143008x357129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical produced by non-equilibrium plasma, which was induced by micro-gap dielectric barrier discharge, was used for the treatment of phenol wastewater. The advantage of this method was that chemicals and catalysts were not involved when hydroxyl radical was generated from water and oxygen. A proportional efficiency of phenol removal was observed with the hydroxyl radical increasing. The removal efficiency was higher in a basic condition than in an acidic condition, which was enhanced with the pH value of the solution increasing from 3.6 to 11.2. It was rational to adjust the pH value between 9.0 and 10.0. The removal efficiency of phenol was reduced when the conductivity of the solution increased from 0 to 200 micros x cm(-1); the highest was found in the solution without Na2CO3. The UV spectral absorption in the process indicated that few organic compounds with a conjugated structure were included in the treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Strong Electric-Field Ionization Discharge of Liaoning Province, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China.
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31
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Theoretical analysis of physicochemical processes occurring during water treatment by ozone and ultraviolet radiation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 139:62-73. [PMID: 18328995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a kinetic model developed for ozone dissolution in water and taking into account convective and diffusion processes occurring in the vicinity of floating bubbles that contain an ozone-air mixture. It was shown that the gradient of ozone concentration in a convective-diffusion layer and consequently the rate of ozone transfer from bubbles to the solution depended on the rate of ozone decomposition both in its reaction with organic admixtures and in the conditions of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The obtained kinetic curves of destruction of organic compounds and changes of ozone concentration in water and ozone-air mixture are compared with experimental data for humic acids. The paper also analyzes additional factors affecting the kinetics of ozone dissolution and the rate of resultant reactions.
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32
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Simpson DR. Biofilm processes in biologically active carbon water purification. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:2839-48. [PMID: 18405938 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review paper serves to describe the composition and activity of a biologically active carbon (BAC) biofilm used in water purification. An analysis of several physical-chemical, biochemical and microbiological methods (indicators) used to characterize the BAC biofilm's composition and activity is provided. As well, the ability of the biofilm to remove and biodegrade waterborne organic substances and pollutants will be reviewed, with context to other industrial processes such as pre-ozonation and post-membrane filtration. Strategies to control the growth of the BAC biofilm, such as varying the nutrient loading rate, manipulating influent DO and pH levels, altering the frequency of BAC filter backwashing and applying oxidative disinfection, will be described in detail along with their respective process control challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Simpson
- Ontario Clean Water Agency, 1 Yonge Street, Suite 1700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5E 1E5.
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33
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Abdul-Rahman R, Ozaki H, Zainola N. Expanded Bed Column Bioreactor Performance and Hydrodynamics. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450810371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Scott AC, Zubot W, MacKinnon MD, Smith DW, Fedorak PM. Ozonation of oil sands process water removes naphthenic acids and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:156-160. [PMID: 18068212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids are naturally-occurring, aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acids found in petroleum. Water used to extract bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands becomes toxic to various organisms due to the presence of naphthenic acids released from the bitumen. Natural biodegradation was expected to be the most cost-effective method for reducing the toxicity of the oil sands process water (OSPW). However, naphthenic acids are poorly biodegraded in the holding ponds located on properties leased by the oil sands companies. In the present study, chemical oxidation using ozone was investigated as an option for mitigation of this toxicity. Ozonation of sediment-free OSPW was conducted using proprietary technology manufactured by Seair Diffusion Systems Inc. Ozonation for 50min generated a non-toxic effluent (based on the Microtox bioassay) and decreased the naphthenic acids concentration by approximately 70%. After 130min of ozonation, the residual naphthenic acids concentration was 2mgl(-1): <5% of the initial concentration in the filtered OSPW. Total organic carbon did not change with 130min of ozonation, whereas chemical oxygen demand decreased by approximately 50% and 5-d biochemical oxygen demand increased from an initial value of 2mgl(-1) to a final value of 15mgl(-1). GC-MS analysis showed that ozonation resulted in an overall decrease in the proportion of high molecular weight naphthenic acids (n> or = 22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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35
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Wang HL, Fei ZH, Chen JL, Zhang QX, Xu YH. Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic investigation of aromatic amphoteric compounds onto different polymeric adsorbents. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:1298-1304. [PMID: 18232222 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid onto the different polymeric adsorbents was systematically investigated as a function of the solution concentration and temperature. Experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of the four polymeric adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacity of multi-functional polymeric adsorbent NJ-99 was the highest, which might be attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the amino groups on the resin and the carboxyl group of aminobenzoic acid. The adsorption capacity of o-aminobenzoic acid onto any adsorbent was higher than p-aminobenzoic acid. Thermodynamic studies suggested the exothermic, spontaneous physical adsorption process. Adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intraparticle mass transfer process was the rate-controlling step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-ling Wang
- College of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Li L, Zhu W, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Wu H, Han W. Comparison of AC/O3-BAC and O3-BAC processes for removing organic pollutants in secondary effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 62:1514-22. [PMID: 16087215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Revised: 06/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
AC (activated carbon)/O3-BAC (biological activated carbon) process was employed to treat secondary effluent and compared to O3-BAC process. The effects of ozone dosages and empty bed contact time (EBCT) in BAC on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were investigated. The results showed that the presence of AC improved ozone utilization and biodegradability of the effluent. DOC removal increased with ozone dosage and EBCT in BAC, however, 3 mg l(-1) ozone dosage with 15 min oxidation time and 15 min EBCT in BAC were more economical and efficient. For DOC removal, AC/O3-BAC was more efficient than O3-BAC and its synergetic effect was more than that in O3-BAC process. The biomass of the subsequent BAC unit in AC/O3-BAC process was more than that in O3-BAC process and much more than that in BAC alone. Except for organic pollutants with molecular weight (MW) >10 kDa, those of other MW range were decomposed much more by AC/O3 process than by O3 process. GC/MS analysis showed that dibutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 4-bromo-3-chloroaniline, 2-propanone-ethylhydrazone and phenol derivatives were prevalent organic compounds in the secondary effluent. Some aromatic compounds, such as 4-bromo-3-chloroaniline and 2,4-dichloro-benzenamine disappeared after AC/O3 treatment. However, some small molecules were generated, after further biological treatment by BAC, the kinds and concentration of organic compounds were greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisheng Li
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Li L, Zhang P, Zhu W, Han W, Zhang Z. Comparison of O3-BAC, UV/O3-BAC and TiO2/UV/O3-BAC processes for removing organic pollutants in secondary effluents. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Han DH, Cha SY, Yang HY. Improvement of oxidative decomposition of aqueous phenol by microwave irradiation in UV/H2O2 process and kinetic study. WATER RESEARCH 2004; 38:2782-2790. [PMID: 15207609 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2.5GHz of microwave irradiation can cause a considerable improvement of oxidative decomposition of aqueous phenol in a UV/H2O2 system. The experimental results showed that the microwave irradiation can raise both the phenol conversion and the TOC removal efficiency up to or above 50%. Also, the microwave irradiation could considerably enhance the oxidative degradation of phenol in the UV/H2O2 system even under a suppression of thermal effect. Addition of hydrogen peroxide by more than a stoichiometric amount was critical to mineralize aqueous phenol to create a short reaction time. Also, microwave irradiation can accelerate the degradation rate of intermediates, hydroquinone and catechol, produced in the course of phenol oxidative decomposition. From the kinetic study, the disappearance rate of phenol can be expressed as dX/dt = kPH[M]0(alpha - X)(1 - X), where alpha equivalent [H2O2]0/[M]0 + kOH[OH*]/kPH[M]0, shows a good correlation with the experimental data. The kinetic analysis showed that an indirect reaction of phenol with OH radical might be dominant in the absence of microwave irradiation, meanwhile a direct reaction of phenol with hydrogen peroxide might be dominant in the presence of microwave irradiation except for low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Gyongsan, Gyongbuk 712-749, South Korea.
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