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Verrillo CE, Quaglia F, Shields CD, Lin S, Kossenkov AV, Tang HY, Speicher D, Naranjo NM, Testa A, Kelly WK, Liu Q, Leiby B, Musante L, Sossey-Alaoui K, Dogra N, Chen TY, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Expression of the αVβ3 integrin affects prostate cancer sEV cargo and density and promotes sEV pro-tumorigenic activity in vivo through a GPI-anchored receptor, NgR2. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12482. [PMID: 39105261 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are released from cancer cells and contribute to cancer progression via crosstalk with recipient cells. We have previously reported that sEVs expressing the αVβ3 integrin, a protein upregulated in aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPrCa), contribute to neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in recipient cells. Here, we examine the impact of αVβ3 expression on sEV protein content, density and function. sEVs used in this study were isolated by iodixanol density gradients and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunoblotting and single vesicle analysis. Our proteomic profile of sEVs containing αVβ3 shows downregulation of typical effectors involved in apoptosis and necrosis and an upregulation of tumour cell survival factors compared to control sEVs. We also show that the expression of αVβ3 in sEVs causes a distinct reposition of EV markers (Alix, CD81, CD9) to a low-density sEV subpopulation. This low-density reposition is independent of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein interactions with sEVs. This sEV subset contains αVβ3 and an αVβ3 downstream effector, NgR2, a novel marker for NEPrCa. We show that sEVs containing αVβ3 are loaded with higher amounts of NgR2 as compared to sEVs that do not express αVβ3. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that sEVs containing NgR2 do not affect the sEV marker profile, but when injected in vivo intratumorally, they promote tumour growth and induce NED. We show that sEVs expressing NgR2 increase the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a known promoter of cancer cell proliferation, in recipient cells. We also show that NgR2 mimics the effect of sEVs containing αVβ3 since it displays increased growth of NgR2 transfectants in vivo, as compared to control cells. Overall, our results describe the changes that occur in cargo, density and functions of cancer cell-derived sEVs containing the αVβ3 integrin and its effector, NgR2, without affecting the sEV tetraspanin profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Verrillo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher D Shields
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Lin
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Speicher
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole M Naranjo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Testa
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luca Musante
- Extracellular Vesicle Core, PennVet, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Xie Q, Zhou J, He C, Xu Y, Tao F, Hu M. Unlocking the Intricacies: Exploring the Complex Interplay Between Platelets and Ovarian Cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024:104465. [PMID: 39097249 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, an aggressive malignancy of the female reproductive tract, is frequently linked to an elevated risk of thrombotic events. This association is manifested by a pronounced rise in platelet counts and activation levels. Current research firmly supports the pivotal role of platelets in the oncogenic processes of ovarian cancer, influencing tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Platelets influence these processes through direct interactions with tumor cells or by secreting cytokines and growth factors that enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review aims to thoroughly dissect the interactions between platelets and ovarian cancer cells, emphasizing their combined role in tumor progression and associated thrombotic events. Additionally, it summarizes therapeutic strategies targeting platelet-cancer interface which show significant promise. Such approaches could not only be effective in managing the primary ovarian tumor but also play a pivotal role in preventing metastasis and attenuating thrombotic complications associated with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxin Xie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan He
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Heo JH, Yun J, Kim KH, Jung JW, Yoo J, Kim YD, Nam HS. Cancer-Associated Stroke: Thrombosis Mechanism, Diagnosis, Outcome, and Therapeutic Strategies. J Stroke 2024; 26:164-178. [PMID: 38836266 PMCID: PMC11164583 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer can induce hypercoagulability, which may lead to stroke. This occurs when tumor cells activate platelets as part of their growth and metastasis. Tumor cells activate platelets by generating thrombin and expressing tissue factor, resulting in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation. Histopathological studies of thrombi obtained during endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke and active cancer have shown a high proportion of platelets and thrombin. This underscores the crucial roles of platelets and thrombin in cancer-associated thrombosis. Cancer-associated stroke typically occurs in patients with active cancer and is characterized by distinctive features. These features include multiple infarctions across multiple vascular territories, markedly elevated blood D-dimer levels, and metastasis. The presence of cardiac vegetations on echocardiography is a robust indicator of cancer-associated stroke. Suspicion of cancer-associated stroke during endovascular thrombectomy arises when white thrombi are detected, particularly in patients with active cancer. Cancer-associated stroke is almost certain when histopathological examination of thrombi shows a very high platelet and a very low erythrocyte composition. Patients with cancer-associated stroke have high risks of mortality and recurrent stroke. However, limited data are available on the optimal treatment regimen for stroke prevention in these patients. Thrombosis mechanism in cancer is well understood, and distinct therapeutic targets involving thrombin and platelets have been identified. Therefore, direct thrombin inhibitors and/or antiplatelet agents may effectively prevent stroke recurrence. Additionally, this strategy has potential benefits in cancer treatment as accumulating evidence suggests that aspirin use reduces cancer progression, metastasis, and cancer-related mortality. However, clinical trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of this strategy involving the use of direct thrombin inhibitors and/or antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseob Yun
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Testa A, Quaglia F, Naranjo NM, Verrillo CE, Shields CD, Lin S, Pickles MW, Hamza DF, Von Schalscha T, Cheresh DA, Leiby B, Liu Q, Ding J, Kelly WK, Hooper DC, Corey E, Plow EF, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Targeting the αVβ3/NgR2 pathway in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Matrix Biol 2023; 124:49-62. [PMID: 37956856 PMCID: PMC10823877 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly aggressive, metastatic, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which typically develops from prostate cancer cells acquiring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, is associated with limited treatment options and hence poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that the αVβ3 integrin is over-expressed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. We now show that LM609, a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the human αVβ3 integrin, hinders the growth of neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Our group has recently identified a novel αVβ3 integrin binding partner, NgR2, responsible for regulating the expression of neuroendocrine markers and for inducing neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. Through in vitro functional assays, we here demonstrate that NgR2 is crucial in promoting cell adhesion to αVβ3 ligands. Moreover, we describe for the first time co-fractionation of αVβ3 integrin and NgR2 in small extracellular vesicles derived from metastatic prostate cancer patients' plasma. These prostate cancer patient-derived small extracellular vesicles have a functional impact on human monocytes, increasing their adhesion to fibronectin. The monocytes incubated with small extracellular vesicles do not show an associated change in conventional polarization marker expression and appear to be in an early stage that may be defined as "adhesion competent". Overall, these findings allow us to better understand integrin-directed signaling and cell-cell communication during cancer progression. Furthermore, our results pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives for patients affected by neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Testa
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole M Naranjo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia E Verrillo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher D Shields
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Lin
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maxwell W Pickles
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Drini F Hamza
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tami Von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Zhou L, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Li Z, Liu Z, Zhu S. The critical role of platelet in cancer progression and metastasis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:385. [PMID: 37770941 PMCID: PMC10537080 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a crucial role in cancer blood metastasis. Various cancer-related factors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or extracellular matrix (ECM) can activate these small particles that function in hemostasis and thrombosis. Moreover, platelets induce Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to promote cancer progression and invasiveness. The activated platelets protect circulating tumor cells from immune surveillance and anoikis. They also mediate tumor cell arrest, extravasation and angiogenesis in distant organs through direct or indirect modulation, creating a metastatic microenvironment. This review summarizes the recent advances and progress of mechanisms in platelet activation and its interaction with cancer cells in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Tian
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Zefei Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, 316000, China.
| | - Sibo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, 316000, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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6
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Sutherland M, Gordon A, Al-Shammari FOFO, Throup A, Cilia La Corte A, Philippou H, Shnyder SD, Patterson LH, Sheldrake HM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyclobutane-Based β3 Integrin Antagonists: A Novel Approach to Targeting Integrins for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4023. [PMID: 37627051 PMCID: PMC10452181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding family of integrin receptors, and notably the β3 subfamily, are key to multiple physiological processes involved in tissue development, cancer proliferation, and metastatic dissemination. While there is compelling preclinical evidence that both αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 are important anticancer targets, most integrin antagonists developed to target the β3 integrins are highly selective for αvβ3 or αIIbβ3. We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new structural class of ligand-mimetic β3 integrin antagonist. These new antagonists combine a high activity against αvβ3 with a moderate affinity for αIIbβ3, providing the first evidence for a new approach to integrin targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sutherland
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | | | - Adam Throup
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Amy Cilia La Corte
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven D. Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | | | - Helen M. Sheldrake
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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7
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Takada YK, Simon SI, Takada Y. The C-type lectin domain of CD62P (P-selectin) functions as an integrin ligand. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201747. [PMID: 37184585 PMCID: PMC10130748 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of integrins by CD62P has not been reported and this motivated a docking simulation using integrin αvβ3 as a target. We predicted that the C-type lectin domain of CD62P functions as a potential integrin ligand and observed that it specifically bound to soluble β3 and β1 integrins. Known inhibitors of the interaction between CD62P-PSGL-1 did not suppress the binding, whereas the disintegrin domain of ADAM-15, a known integrin ligand, suppressed recognition by the lectin domain. Furthermore, an R16E/K17E mutation in the predicted integrin-binding interface located outside of the glycan-binding site within the lectin domain, strongly inhibited CD62P binding to integrins. In contrast, the E88D mutation that strongly disrupts glycan binding only slightly affected CD62P-integrin recognition, indicating that the glycan and integrin-binding sites are distinct. Notably, the lectin domain allosterically activated integrins by binding to the allosteric site 2. We conclude that CD62P-integrin binding may function to promote a diverse set of cell-cell adhesive interactions given that β3 and β1 integrins are more widely expressed than PSGL-1 that is limited to leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K Takada
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Kassassir H, Papiewska-Pająk I, Kryczka J, Boncela J, Kowalska MA. Platelet-derived microparticles stimulate the invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells via the p38MAPK-MMP-2/MMP-9 axis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:51. [PMID: 36882818 PMCID: PMC9990213 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Apart from platelets, platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are also considered important factors that can modify the activity of cancer cells. PMPs are incorporated by cancer cells and can also serve as intracellular signalling vesicles. PMPs are believed to affect cancer cells by upregulating their invasiveness. To date, there is no evidence that such a mechanism occurs in colorectal cancer. It has been shown that platelets can stimulate metalloproteases (MMPs) expression and activity via the p38MAPK pathway in CRC cells, leading to their elevated migratory potential. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PMPs on the invasive potential of CRC cells of various phenotypes via the MMP-2, MMP-9 and p38MAPK axis. METHODS We used various CRC cell lines, including the epithelial-like HT29 and the mesenchymal-like SW480 and SW620. Confocal imaging was applied to study PMP incorporation into CRC cells. The presence of surface receptors on CRC cells after PMP uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry. Transwell and scratch wound-healing assays were used to evaluate cell migration. The level of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), MMP-2, and MMP-9 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK were measured by western blot. MMP activity was determined using gelatine-degradation assays, while MMP release was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS We found that CRC cells could incorporate PMPs in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, PMPs could transfer platelet-specific integrins and stimulate the expression of integrins already present on tested cell lines. While mesenchymal-like cells expressed less CXCR4 than epithelial-like CRC cells, PMP uptake did not increase its intensity. No significant changes in CXCR4 level either on the surface or inside CRC cells were noticed. Levels of cellular and released MMP-2 and MMP-9 were elevated in all tested CRC cell lines after PMP uptake. PMPs increased the phosphorylation of p38MAPK but not that of ERK1/2. Inhibition of p38MAPK phosphorylation reduced the PMP-induced elevated level and release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as MMP-dependent cell migration in all cell lines. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PMPs can fuse into both epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like CRC cells and increase their invasive potential by inducing the expression and release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via the p38MAPK pathway, whereas CXCR4-related cell motility or the ERK1/2 pathway appears to not be affected by PMPs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kassassir
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Papiewska-Pająk
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kryczka
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Anna Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Metastasis prevention: How to catch metastatic seeds. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188867. [PMID: 36842768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the evolution of anticancer therapies, metastasis still remains the main cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, current strategies for cancer cure should be redirected towards prevention of metastasis. Targeting metastatic pathways represents a promising therapeutic opportunity aimed at obstructing tumor cell dissemination and metastatic colonization. In this review, we focus on preclinical studies and clinical trials over the last five years that showed high efficacy in suppressing metastasis through targeting lymph node dissemination, tumor cell extravasation, reactive oxygen species, pre-metastatic niche, exosome machinery, and dormancy.
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10
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Shi Q, Ji T, Tang X, Guo W. The role of tumor-platelet interplay and micro tumor thrombi during hematogenous tumor metastasis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:521-532. [PMID: 36652166 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their pivotal roles in coagulation and thrombosis, platelets are crucial in tumor progression, with plenty of clinical and experimental data demonstrating that the interplay of platelets and tumor cells is essential for hematogenous tumor metastasis. After detach from primary sites, tumor cells intravasate into the blood circulation becoming circulating tumor cells and induce platelet activation, aggregation and encasement around tumor cells to form micro tumor thrombi, which create a permissive tumor microenvironment for metastasis. Platelets in micro tumor thrombi protect tumor cells from immune surveillance and anoikis (detachment-triggered apoptosis) through various pathways, which are significant for tumor cell survival in the bloodstream. Moreover, platelets can facilitate tumor metastasis by expediting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), adhesion to the endothelium, angiogenesis, tumor proliferation processes and platelet-derived microvesicle (PMV) formation. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide a synopsis of the current understanding of the formation of micro tumor thrombi and the role of micro tumor thrombi in tumor hematogenous metastasis based on the tumor-platelet interplay. We also highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting platelets for tumor treatment, including cancer-associated platelet-targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Shi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, People's Hospital, Peking University, 100044, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, People's Hospital, Peking University, 100044, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, People's Hospital, Peking University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, People's Hospital, Peking University, 100044, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xulu KR, Augustine TN. Targeting Platelet Activation Pathways to Limit Tumour Progression: Current State of Affairs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1532. [PMID: 36558983 PMCID: PMC9784118 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between cancer and a hypercoagulatory environment is well described. Thrombotic complications serve not only as a major mortality risk but the underlying molecular structure and function play significant roles in enhancing tumour progression, which is defined as the tumour's capacity to survive, invade and metastasise, amongst other hallmarks of the disease. The use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs in cardiovascular disease lessens thrombotic effects, but the consequences on tumour progression require interrogation. Therefore, this review considered developments in the management of platelet activation pathways (thromboxane, ADP and thrombin), focusing on the use of Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Atopaxar, and their potential impacts on tumour progression. Published data suggested a cautionary tale in ensuring we adequately investigate not only drug-drug interactions but also those unforeseen reciprocal interactions between drugs and their targets within the tumour microenvironment that may act as selective pressures, enhancing tumour survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutlwano R. Xulu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Tanya N. Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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12
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Wang L, Liu W, Liu K, Wang L, Yin X, Bo L, Xu H, Lin S, Feng K, Zhou X, Lin L, Fei M, Zhang C, Ning S, Zhao H. The dynamic dysregulated network identifies stage-specific markers during lung adenocarcinoma malignant progression and metastasis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:633-647. [PMID: 36514354 PMCID: PMC9722404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis occurs in approximately 30% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and is closely associated with poor prognosis, recurrence, and death. However, dynamic gene regulation and molecular mechanism driving LUAD progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis using data from normal, early stage, advanced stage, and brain metastasis LUAD. Our single-cell-level analysis reveals the cellular composition heterogeneity at different stages during LUAD progression. We identified stage-specific risk genes that could contribute to LUAD progression and metastasis by reprogramming immune-related and metabolic-related functions. We constructed an early advanced metastatic dysregulated network and revealed the dynamic changes in gene regulations during LUAD progression. We identified 6 early advanced (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, SFTPB, SFTPC, PLA2G1B, and FOLR1), 8 advanced metastasis (RPS15, RPS11, RPL13A, RPS24, HLA-DRB5, LYPLA1, KCNJ15, and PSMA3), and 2 common risk genes in different stages (SFTPD and HLA-DRA) as prognostic markers in LUAD. Particularly, decreased expression of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB5 refer poor prognosis in LUAD by controlling antigen processing and presentation and T cell activation. Increased expression of PSMA3 and LYPLA1 refer poor prognosis by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism and RNA catabolic process. Our findings will help further understanding the pathobiology of brain metastases in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,Corresponding author Li Wang, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Wangyang Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kailai Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiangzhe Yin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lin Bo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haotian Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shihua Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lin Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Meiting Fei
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Caiyu Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shangwei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,Corresponding author Shangwei Ning, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Hongying Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,Corresponding author Hongying Zhao, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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13
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Egorova EA, Nikitin MP. Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles to Various Cancers by Means of Integrin-Binding Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213735. [PMID: 36430214 PMCID: PMC9696485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of tumors is believed to be the key to efficient cancer therapy and accurate, early-stage diagnostics. Active targeting implies minimized off-targeting and associated cytotoxicity towards healthy tissue. One way to acquire active targeting is to employ conjugates of therapeutic agents with ligands known to bind receptors overexpressed onto cancer cells. The integrin receptor family has been studied as a target for cancer treatment for almost fifty years. However, systematic knowledge on their effects on cancer cells, is yet lacking, especially when utilized as an active targeting ligand for particulate formulations. Decoration with various integrin-targeting peptides has been reported to increase nanoparticle accumulation in tumors ≥ 3-fold when compared to passively targeted delivery. In recent years, many newly discovered or rationally designed integrin-binding peptides with excellent specificity towards a single integrin receptor have emerged. Here, we show a comprehensive analysis of previously unreviewed integrin-binding peptides, provide diverse modification routes for nanoparticle conjugation, and showcase the most notable examples of their use for tumor and metastases visualization and eradication to date, as well as possibilities for combined cancer therapies for a synergetic effect. This review aims to highlight the latest advancements in integrin-binding peptide development and is directed to aid transition to the development of novel nanoparticle-based theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Egorova
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 1 Meditsinskaya Str., 603081 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim P. Nikitin
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Circulating extracellular vesicles and tumor cells: sticky partners in metastasis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:799-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Le Chapelain O, Ho-Tin-Noé B. Intratumoral Platelets: Harmful or Incidental Bystanders of the Tumor Microenvironment? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092192. [PMID: 35565321 PMCID: PMC9105443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the complex and heterogenous ecosystem of solid tumors known to influence their growth and their progression. Besides tumor cells, the TME comprises a variety of host-derived cell types, ranging from endothelial cells to fibroblasts and immune cells. Clinical and experimental data are converging to indicate that platelets, originally known for their fundamental hemostatic function, also participate in tumor development and shaping of the TME. Considering the abundance of antiplatelet drugs, understanding if and how platelets contribute to the TME may lead to new therapeutic tools for improved cancer prevention and treatments. Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable interest because of its decisive impact on cancer progression, response to treatment, and disease recurrence. The TME can favor the proliferation, dissemination, and immune evasion of cancer cells. Likewise, there is accumulating evidence that intratumoral platelets could favor the development and aggressiveness of solid tumors, notably by influencing tumor cell phenotype and shaping the vascular and immune TME components. Yet, in contrast to other tumor-associated cell types like macrophages and fibroblasts, platelets are still often overlooked as components of the TME. This might be due, in part, to a deficit in investigating and reporting the presence of platelets in the TME and its relationships with cancer characteristics. This review summarizes available evidence from clinical and animal studies supporting the notion that tumor-associated platelets are not incidental bystanders but instead integral and active components of the TME. A particular emphasis is given to the description of intratumoral platelets, as well as to the functional consequences and possible mechanisms of intratumoral platelet accumulation.
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16
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DiNatale A, Kaur R, Qian C, Zhang J, Marchioli M, Ipe D, Castelli M, McNair CM, Kumar G, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Subsets of cancer cells expressing CX3CR1 are endowed with metastasis-initiating properties and resistance to chemotherapy. Oncogene 2022; 41:1337-1351. [PMID: 34999735 PMCID: PMC8941631 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) display stem cell-like features, cause metastatic recurrences and defy chemotherapy, which leads to patients' demise. Here we show that prostate and breast cancer patients harbor contingents of tumor cells with high expression of CX3CR1, OCT4a (POU5F1), and NANOG. Impairing CX3CR1 expression or signaling hampered the formation of tumor spheroids by cell lines from which we isolated small subsets co-expressing CX3CR1 and stemness-related markers, similarly to patients' tumors. These rare CX3CR1High cells show transcriptomic profiles enriched in pathways that regulate pluripotency and endowed with metastasis-initiating behavior in murine models. Cancer cells lacking these features (CX3CR1Low) were capable of re-acquiring CX3CR1-associated features over time, implying that MICs can continuously emerge from non-stem cancer cells. CX3CR1 expression also conferred resistance to docetaxel, and prolonged treatment with docetaxel selected CX3CR1High phenotypes with de-enriched transcriptomic profiles for apoptotic pathways. These findings nominate CX3CR1 as a novel marker of stem-like tumor cells and provide conceptual ground for future development of approaches targeting CX3CR1 signaling and (re)expression as therapeutic means to prevent or contain metastasis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Champions Oncology, 1330 Piccard Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jieyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michael Marchioli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Darin Ipe
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Maria Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chris M McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Cancer Informatics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology at Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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17
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Yu L, Guo Y, Chang Z, Zhang D, Zhang S, Pei H, Pang J, Zhao ZJ, Chen Y. Bidirectional Interaction Between Cancer Cells and Platelets Provides Potential Strategies for Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:764119. [PMID: 34722319 PMCID: PMC8551800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.764119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential components in the tumor microenvironment. For decades, clinical data have demonstrated that cancer patients have a high risk of thrombosis that is associated with adverse prognosis and decreased survival, indicating the involvement of platelets in cancer progression. Increasing evidence confirms that cancer cells are able to induce production and activation of platelets. Once activated, platelets serve as allies of cancer cells in tumor growth and metastasis. They can protect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) against the immune system and detachment-induced apoptosis while facilitating angiogenesis and tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Therefore, antiplatelet agents and platelet-based therapies should be developed for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional cancer-platelet crosstalk and platelet-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Yu
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguang Chang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanzhong Pei
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Wu B, Ye Y, Xie S, Li Y, Sun X, Lv M, Yang L, Cui N, Chen Q, Jensen LD, Cui D, Huang G, Zuo J, Zhang S, Liu W, Yang Y. Megakaryocytes Mediate Hyperglycemia-Induced Tumor Metastasis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5506-5522. [PMID: 34535458 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High blood glucose has long been established as a risk factor for tumor metastasis, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been elucidated. Here we describe that hyperglycemia promotes tumor metastasis via increased platelet activity. Administration of glucose, but not fructose, reprogrammed the metabolism of megakaryocytes to indirectly prime platelets into a prometastatic phenotype with increased adherence to tumor cells. In megakaryocytes, a glucose metabolism-related gene array identified the mitochondrial molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) as a trigger for platelet activation and aggregation by stimulating the Ca2+-PKCα pathway. Genetic depletion of Glut1 in megakaryocytes blocked MYC-induced GRP75 expression. Pharmacologic blockade of platelet GRP75 compromised tumor-induced platelet activation and reduced metastasis. Moreover, in a pilot clinical study, drinking a 5% glucose solution elevated platelet GRP75 expression and activated platelets in healthy volunteers. Platelets from these volunteers promoted tumor metastasis in a platelet-adoptive transfer mouse model. Together, under hyperglycemic conditions, MYC-induced upregulation of GRP75 in megakaryocytes increases platelet activation via the Ca2+-PKCα pathway to promote cancer metastasis, providing a potential new therapeutic target for preventing metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides mechanistic insights into a glucose-megakaryocyte-platelet axis that promotes metastasis and proposes an antimetastatic therapeutic approach by targeting the mitochondrial protein GRP75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Wu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yintao Li
- Phase I Clinical Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Health and Caring Science, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dongmei Cui
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guichun Huang
- Medical Oncology Department of Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Zuo
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Patel DA, Blay J. Seeding metastases: The role and clinical utility of circulating tumour cells. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:285-306. [PMID: 34690152 DOI: 10.3233/tub-210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral human blood is a readily-accessible source of patient material in which circulating tumour cells (CTCs) can be found. Their isolation and characterization holds the potential to provide prognostic value for various solid cancers. Enumeration of CTCs from blood is becoming a common practice in informing prognosis and may guide therapy decisions. It is further recognized that enumeration alone does not capture perspective on the heterogeneity of tumours and varying functional abilities of the CTCs to interact with the secondary microenvironment. Characterizing the isolated CTCs further, in particular assessing their functional abilities, can track molecular changes in the disease progress. As a step towards identifying a suite of functional features of CTCs that could aid in clinical decisions, developing a CTC isolation technique based on extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions may provide a more solid foundation for isolating the cells of interest. Techniques based on size, charge, density, and single biomarkers are not sufficient as they underutilize other characteristics of cancer cells. The ability of cancer cells to interact with ECM proteins presents an opportunity to utilize their full character in capturing, and also allows assessment of the features that reveal how cells might behave at secondary sites during metastasis. This article will review some common techniques and recent advances in CTC capture technologies. It will further explore the heterogeneity of the CTC population, challenges they experience in their metastatic journey, and the advantages of utilizing an ECM-based platform for CTC capture. Lastly, we will discuss how tailored ECM approaches may present an optimal platform to capture an influential heterogeneous population of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep A Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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20
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Liu Z, Xie F, Xie J, Chen J, Li Y, Lin Q, Luo F, Yan J. New-generation photosensitizer-anchored gold nanorods for a single near-infrared light-triggered targeted photodynamic-photothermal therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1769-1784. [PMID: 34470548 PMCID: PMC8425697 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1960923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) was limited in clinical treatment of cancer due to the exceptionally low drug delivery efficiency to tumor sites and the activation by laser excitation with different wavelengths. We have accidentally discovered that our synthesized chlorin e6-C-15-ethyl ester (HB, a new type of photosensitizer) be activated by a laser with an excitation wavelength of 660 nm. Herein, we utilized Au nanorods (AuNRs) as 660 nm-activated PTT carriers to be successively surface-functionalized with HB and tumor-targeting peptide cyclic RGD (cRGD) to develop HB-AuNRs@cRGD for single NIR laser-induced targeted PDT/PTT. The HB-AuNRs@cRGD could be preferentially accumulated within tumor sites and rapidly internalized by cancer cells. Thereby, the HB-AuNRs@cRGD could exhibit amplified therapeutic effects by producing both significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperthermia simultaneously under the guidance of fluorescence imaging. The tumor inhibition rate on ECA109 esophageal cancer model was approximately 77.04%, and the negligible systematic toxicity was observed. This study proposed that HB-AuNRs@cRGD might be a promising strategy for single NIR laser-induced and imaging-guided targeted bimodal phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjunlin Liu
- School of Medicine, Anti-Cancer Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Medicine, Anti-Cancer Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Li
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Institute of Haixi, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- School of Medicine, Anti-Cancer Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- School of Medicine, Anti-Cancer Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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21
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Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Platelet-Cancer Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Avenues. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665534. [PMID: 34322381 PMCID: PMC8311658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are critically involved in thrombosis and hemostasis, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that platelets promote tumor progression and metastasis through a wide range of physical and functional interactions between platelets and cancer cells. Thrombotic and thromboembolic events are frequent complications in patients with solid tumors. Hence, cancer modulates platelet function by directly inducing platelet-tumor aggregates and triggering platelet granule release and altering platelet turnover. Also, platelets enhance tumor cell dissemination by activating endothelial cell function and recruiting immune cells to primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells and the host microenvironment. We also critically discuss the potential of anti-platelet agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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22
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Zimmer N, Krebs FK, Zimmer S, Mitzel-Rink H, Kumm EJ, Jurk K, Grabbe S, Loquai C, Tuettenberg A. Platelet-Derived GARP Induces Peripheral Regulatory T Cells-Potential Impact on T Cell Suppression in Patients with Melanoma-Associated Thrombocytosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123653. [PMID: 33291452 PMCID: PMC7762193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been recently described as an important component of the innate and adaptive immunity through their interaction with immune cells. However, information on the platelet-T cell interaction in immune-mediated diseases remains limited. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) expressed on platelets and on activated regulatory T cells (Treg) is involved in the regulation of peripheral immune responses by modulating the bioavailability of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Soluble GARP (sGARP) exhibits strong regulatory and anti-inflammatory capacities both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the induction of peripheral Treg. Herein, we investigated the effect of platelet-derived GARP on the differentiation, phenotype, and function of T effector cells. CD4+CD25- T cells cocultured with platelets upregulated FoxP3, the master transcription factor for Treg, were anergic, and were strongly suppressive. These effects were reversed by using a blocking anti-GARP antibody, indicating a dependency on GARP. Importantly, melanoma patients in different stages of disease showed a significant upregulation of GARP on the platelet surface, correlating to a reduced responsiveness to immunotherapy. In conclusion, our data indicate that platelets induce peripheral Treg via GARP. These findings might contribute to diseases such as cancer-associated thrombocytosis, wherein poor prognosis and metastasis are associated with high counts of circulating platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Franziska K. Krebs
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Sophia Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Heidrun Mitzel-Rink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Elena J. Kumm
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.J.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.J.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.Z.); (F.K.K.); (S.Z.); (H.M.-R.); (S.G.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Faria AVS, Andrade SS, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira-Halder CV, Fuhler GM. Platelets in aging and cancer-"double-edged sword". Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:1205-1221. [PMID: 32869161 PMCID: PMC7458881 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets control hemostasis and play a key role in inflammation and immunity. However, platelet function may change during aging, and a role for these versatile cells in many age-related pathological processes is emerging. In addition to a well-known role in cardiovascular disease, platelet activity is now thought to contribute to cancer cell metastasis and tumor-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) development. Worldwide, the great majority of all patients with cardiovascular disease and some with cancer receive anti-platelet therapy to reduce the risk of thrombosis. However, not only do thrombotic diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, cancer, especially metastasis, is still the second cause of death worldwide. Understanding how platelets change during aging and how they may contribute to aging-related diseases such as cancer may contribute to steps taken along the road towards a "healthy aging" strategy. Here, we review the changes that occur in platelets during aging, and investigate how these versatile blood components contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Intravital Assessment of Blood Platelet Function. A Review of the Methodological Approaches with Examples of Studies of Selected Aspects of Blood Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218334. [PMID: 33172065 PMCID: PMC7664321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet biology owes to intravital studies not only a better understanding of platelets’ role in primary hemostasis but also findings that platelets are important factors in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Researchers who enter the field of intravital platelet studies may be confused by the heterogeneity of experimental protocols utilized. On the one hand, there are a variety of stimuli used to activate platelet response, and on the other hand there are several approaches to measure the outcome of the activation. A number of possible combinations of activation factors with measurement approaches result in the aforementioned heterogeneity. The aim of this review is to present the most often used protocols in a systematic way depending on the stimulus used to activate platelets. By providing examples of studies performed with each of the protocols, we attempt to explain why a particular combination of stimuli and measurement method was applied to study a given aspect of platelet biology.
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25
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Abstract
There is increasing awareness that platelets play a significant role in creating a hypercoagulable environment that mediates tumor progression, beyond their classical hemostatic function. Platelets have heterogenic responses to agonists, and differential release and uptake of bioactive molecules may be manipulated via reciprocal cross-talk with cells of the tumor microenvironment. Platelets thus promote tumor progression by enhancing tumor growth, promoting the development of tumor-associated vasculature and encouraging invasion. In the metastatic process, platelets form the shield that protects tumor cells from high-velocity forces and immunosurveillance, while ensuring the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche. This review presents the complexity of these concepts, considering platelets as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and potentially as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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26
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Ortiz-Otero N, Clinch AB, Hope J, Wang W, Reinhart-King CA, King MR. Cancer associated fibroblasts confer shear resistance to circulating tumor cells during prostate cancer metastatic progression. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1037-1050. [PMID: 32256977 PMCID: PMC7105166 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that CTCs do not travel in the bloodstream alone, but rather are accompanied by clusters of stromal cells such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our laboratory has confirmed the presence of CAFs in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer (PC) patients. The observation that CAFs disseminate with CTCs prompts the examination of the role of CAFs in CTC survival under physiological shear stress during the dissemination process using a clinically relevant, three-dimensional (3D) co-culture model. In this study, we found that "reactive CAFs" induce shear resistance to prostate tumor cells via intercellular contact and soluble derived factors. In addition, these reactive CAFs conserve the proliferative capability of tumor cells in the presence of high magnitude fluid shear stress (FSS). This reactive CAF phenotype emerges from normal fibroblasts (NF), which take on the CAF phenotype when co-cultured with tumor cells. The reactive CAFs showed higher expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) compared to differentiated CAFs, when co-cultured with PC cells at the same experimental conditions. Together, we found that the activation mechanism of NF to CAF comprises different stages that progress from a reactive to quiescent cellular state in which these two states are differentiated by the fluctuation of intensity in CAF markers. Here we determined that a reactive state of CAFs proved to be important for supporting tumor cell survival and proliferation. These findings suggest the use of CAFs as a marker for cancer progression and a potential target for novel cancer therapeutics to treat metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerymar Ortiz-Otero
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Andrea B Clinch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37202, USA
| | - Jacob Hope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37202, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37202, USA
| | | | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37202, USA
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27
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The contribution of platelets to intravascular arrest, extravasation, and outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:47-67. [PMID: 31758288 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-10009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are primarily known for their contribution to hemostasis and subsequent wound healing. In addition to these functions, platelets play a role in the process of metastasis. Since the first study that suggested a metastasis-promoting function for platelets was published in 1968, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain how platelets contribute to the metastatic process. These include roles in the intravascular arrest of tumor cells, in tumor cell transendothelial migration, in the degradation of basement membrane barriers, in migration and invasion at the metastatic site, and in the proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. Nevertheless, conflicting observations about the role of platelets in these processes have also been reported. Here, we review the in vivo evidence that supports a role for platelets in metastasis formation, propose several scenarios for the contribution of platelets to tumor cell arrest and transendothelial migration, and discuss the evidence that platelets contribute to metastatic invasion and outgrowth.
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28
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Platelet ATP, Thyroid Hormone Receptor on Integrin αvβ3 and Cancer Metastasis. Discov Oncol 2019; 11:13-16. [PMID: 31838715 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets may contribute to the metastatic behavior of tumor cells when the cancer cells and platelets interact. The interaction requires cell and platelet surface integrin. Thyroid hormone as L-thyroxine (T4) is the principal ligand for a hormone receptor on integrin αvβ3 on tumor cells and platelets. T4 activates the integrin, promoting platelet aggregation and degranulation (local ATP release) and stimulating tumor cell proliferation. By a variety of molecular mechanisms reviewed here, extracellular ATP promotes tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis and supports a role for T4 as a pro-metastatic factor.
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29
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CTCs 2020: Great Expectations or Unreasonable Dreams. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090989. [PMID: 31461978 PMCID: PMC6769853 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cellular elements that can be scattered into the bloodstream from primary cancer, metastasis, and even from a disseminated tumor cell (DTC) reservoir. CTCs are “seeds”, able to give rise to new metastatic lesions. Since metastases are the cause of about 90% of cancer-related deaths, the significance of CTCs is unquestionable. However, two major issues have stalled their full clinical exploitation: rarity and heterogeneity. Therefore, their full clinical potential has only been predicted. Finding new ways of studying and using such tremendously rare and important events can open new areas of research in the field of cancer research, and could drastically improve tumor companion diagnostics, personalized treatment strategies, overall patients management, and reduce healthcare costs.
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30
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Khegay II. Noncanonical effects of vasopressin in angiogenesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular action of vasopressin depends on the localization of hormonal receptors. The basic physiological effects of vasopressin are manifested in the blood vasculature, renal inner medulla and brain. To date, new information concerning the tissue-specific spreading of vasopressin receptors has been accumulated, and it needs to be summarized. Platelets and endotheliocytes expressing V1a and V2 receptor types, respectively, are related to less investigated targets of the hormone. Vasopressin induces the initial reversible stage of platelet activation, required for interaction with intercellular matrix proteins. Platelet adhesion on endothelium activates cellular secretion of growth factors and enzymes for intercellular matrix glucosamine metabolism. Platelet hyaluronidase HYAL2 hydrolyses high-molecular hyaluronic acid to shorter fragments. Unlike intact hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of several megadaltons, generally showing distinctive antiangiogenic properties, intermediate fractions of hyaluronan hydrolysis in a range from 2.5 to 200 kilodaltons have a stimulating effect on angiogenesis. Intercellular contacts between platelets and endotheliocytes are stabilized due to adhesive transmembrane glycoprotein PECAM-1 interaction. Resulting PECAM-1 heterodimers acquire conformation with high affinity to integrins αvβ3. Integrin activation forms contact links between endothelium and fibrillar proteins. Activated endotheliocytes secrete von Willebrand factor and P-selectin. These proteins are accumulated in Weibel–Palade bodies. Vasopressin stimulates cAMP-dependent ACAP-regulated exocytosis of Weibel–Palade bodies. von Willebrand factor possesses adhesive properties and additionally accelerates interaction of cells with the intercellular matrix. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen and membrane glycoproteins in cooperation with effects of PECAM-1–αvβ3 integrin complexes fixes cell aggregates in the surrounding interstitium and promotes proliferating endotheliocyte migration in according to the direction of local growth factor gradients during angiogenesis. Neurohormonal regulation of platelet and endotheliocyte secretory activity functionally link proliferation and migration of endotheliocytes during angiogenesis and integrate it according to the adaptive capacity of the entire organism.
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31
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Robinson CM, Poon BPK, Kano Y, Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA, Ohh M. A Hypoxia-Inducible HIF1-GAL3ST1-Sulfatide Axis Enhances ccRCC Immune Evasion via Increased Tumor Cell-Platelet Binding. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2306-2317. [PMID: 31427440 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer and the major cause of mortality for individuals with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. ccRCC is characterized most frequently by inactivation of VHL tumor suppressor protein that mediates degradation of the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor family. HIF has been implicated in disease progression and the aim of this study was to identify novel HIF target genes that may contribute to ccRCC. We show that GAL3ST1, an enzyme that catalyzes the sulfonation of the plasma membrane sulfolipid sulfatide, is among the top 50 upregulated genes in ccRCC tissue relative to matched normal tissue. Increased expression of GAL3ST1 in primary ccRCC correlates with decreased survival. We show that GAL3ST1 is a HIF target gene whose expression is induced upon VHL loss leading to the accumulation of its enzymatic product sulfatide. Notably, platelets bind more efficiently to renal cancer cells with high GAL3ST1-sulfatide expression than to GAL3ST1-sulfatide-negative counterparts, which protects ccRCC cells against natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that GAL3ST1 is a HIF-responsive gene that may contribute to ccRCC development via promoting cancer cell evasion of immune surveillance. IMPLICATIONS: Cancer development is in part dependent on evasion of immune response. We identify a HIF target gene product GAL3ST1 that may play a role in this critical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Robinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty P K Poon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred G Pluthero
- Division of Haematology/Oncology and Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology and Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Worrede A, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Limiting tumor seeding as a therapeutic approach for metastatic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:117-128. [PMID: 30877019 PMCID: PMC6571062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose that therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are widely understood to be the seeds of metastasis, would represent an effective strategy towards limiting numerical expansion of secondary lesions and containing overall tumor burden in cancer patients. However, the molecular mediators of tumor seeding have not been well characterized. This is in part due to the limited number of pre-clinical in vivo approaches that appropriately interrogate the mechanisms by which cancer cells home to arresting organs. It is critical that we continue to investigate the mediators of tumor seeding as it is evident that the ability of CTCs to colonize in distant sites is what drives disease progression even after the primary tumor has been ablated by local modalities. In addition to slowing disease progression, containing metastatic spread by impeding tumor cell seeding may also provide a clinical benefit by increasing the duration of the residence of CTCs in systemic circulation thereby increasing their exposure to pharmacological agents commonly used in the treatment of patients such as chemotherapy and immunotherapies. In this review we will examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of tumor cells seeding as well as explore how targeting this stage of metastatic spreading may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asurayya Worrede
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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33
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Li J, Zhou P, Xu H, Tian S, Liu W, Zhao Y, Hu Z. Antitumor activity of integrin α Vβ 3 antibody conjugated-cationic microbubbles in liver cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:899-908. [PMID: 35116829 PMCID: PMC8799305 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.05.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The overexpression of integrin αVβ3 in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and clinical staging. Thus, the inhibition of integrin αVβ3 might be potentially effective as an anti-cancer agent in HCC. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of integrin αVβ3 antibody conjugated cationic microbubbles (CMBs) in HCC model. By conjugating with integrin αVβ3 antibody with non-targeting CMBs, CMBsαvβ3 was constructed. The antitumor effect of CMBsαvβ3 was evaluated in HepG2 cells in vitro and in HepG2 xenograft mice models. Bcl-2, p53 and CD31 mRNA level, and caspase-3 activity were examined in xenograft tumors. Cell proliferation assay and scratch test were performed to evaluate the anti-migrant effect of CMBsαvβ3in vitro. Results CMBsαvβ3 could specifically target to HCC HepG2 cells and improve pEGFP-KDRP-CD/TK plasmid transfection efficiency. In HepG2 xenograft mice models, CMBsαvβ3 treatment significantly suppressed tumor weights and volumes. CMBsαvβ3 treatment suppressed Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA level in tumors. In HepG2 cells, CMBsαvβ3 significantly impaired wound healing and inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, when combined with CD/TK double suicide gene transfection and 5-FC/GCV treatment, caspase-3 was activated and the cell proliferation was tremendously inhibited. Conclusions CMBsαvβ3 not only suppresses cell migration and proliferation, but also facilitates 5-FC/GCV plus CD/TK double suicide gene-induced apoptotic cell death. CMBsαvβ3 is a promising gene delivery agent with potential anti-tumor activity itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuangming Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zheyu Hu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Caner Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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34
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Peltanova B, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:63. [PMID: 30927923 PMCID: PMC6441173 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell components of extracellular matrix. These crucial parts of the surrounding stroma can function as both positive and negative regulators of all hallmarks of cancer development, including evasion of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, deregulation of the energy metabolism, resistance to the immune detection and destruction, and activation of invasion and metastasis. This review represents a summary of recent studies focusing on describing these effects of microenvironment on initiation and progression of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma, since it is becoming clear that an investigation of differences in stromal composition of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment and their impact on cancer development and progression may help better understand the mechanisms behind different responses to therapy and help define possible targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595,, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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35
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The Role of Platelets in the Tumor-Microenvironment and the Drug Resistance of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020240. [PMID: 30791448 PMCID: PMC6406993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the critical functions in hemostasis, thrombosis and the wounding process, platelets have been increasingly identified as active players in various processes in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. Once activated, platelets can release bioactive contents such as lipids, microRNAs, and growth factors into the bloodstream, subsequently enhancing the platelet⁻cancer interaction and stimulating cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of treatment failure of chemotherapeutic drugs have been investigated to be associated with platelets. Therefore, understanding how platelets contribute to the tumor microenvironment may potentially identify strategies to suppress cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Herein, we present a review of recent investigations on the role of platelets in the tumor-microenvironment including angiogenesis, and metastasis, as well as targeting platelets for cancer treatment, especially in drug resistance.
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36
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Cayrol F, Sterle HA, Díaz Flaqué MC, Barreiro Arcos ML, Cremaschi GA. Non-genomic Actions of Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Growth and Angiogenesis of T Cell Lymphomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30814977 PMCID: PMC6381017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive clinical lymphoproliferative disorders with considerable clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic variation, including ~10-15% of all lymphoid neoplasms. Several evidences indicate an important role of the non-neoplastic microenvironment in promoting both tumor growth and dissemination in T cell malignancies. Thus, dysregulation of integrin expression and activity is associated with TCL survival and proliferation. We found that thyroid hormones acting via the integrin αvβ3 receptor are crucial factors in tumor microenvironment (TME) affecting the pathophysiology of TCL cells. Specifically, TH-activated αvβ3 integrin signaling promoted TCL proliferation and induced and an angiogenic program via the up-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This was observed both on different TCL cell lines representing the different subtypes of human hematological malignancy, and in preclinical models of TCL tumors xenotransplanted in immunodeficient mice as well. Moreover, development of solid tumors by inoculation of murine TCLs in syngeneic hyperthyroid mice, showed increased tumor growth along with increased expression of cell cycle regulators. The genomic or pharmacological inhibition of integrin αvβ3 decreased VEGF production, induced TCL cell death and decreased in vivo tumor growth and angiogenesis. Here, we review the non-genomic actions of THs on TCL regulation and their contribution to TCL development and evolution. These actions not only provide novel new insights on the endocrine modulation of TCL, but also provide a potential molecular target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Celeste Díaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Impacts of Cancer on Platelet Production, Activation and Education and Mechanisms of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110441. [PMID: 30441823 PMCID: PMC6266827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate cells that are traditionally described as the major effectors of hemostasis and thrombosis. However, increasing evidence indicates that platelets play several roles in the progression of malignancies and in cancer-associated thrombosis. A notable cross-communication exists between platelets and cancer cells. On one hand, cancer can “educate” platelets, influencing their RNA profiles, the numbers of circulating platelets and their activation states. On the other hand, tumor-educated platelets contain a plethora of active biomolecules, including platelet-specific and circulating ingested biomolecules, that are released upon platelet activation and participate in the progression of malignancy. The numerous mechanisms by which the primary tumor induces the production, activation and aggregation of platelets (also known as tumor cell induced platelet aggregation, or TCIPA) are directly related to the pro-thrombotic state of cancer patients. Moreover, the activation of platelets is critical for tumor growth and successful metastatic outbreak. The development or use of existing drugs targeting the activation of platelets, adhesive proteins responsible for cancer cell-platelet interactions and platelet agonists should be used to reduce cancer-associated thrombosis and tumor progression.
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38
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Xia Y, Wan Y, Hao S, Nisic M, Harouaka RA, Chen Y, Zou X, Zheng SY. Nucleus of Circulating Tumor Cell Determines Its Translocation Through Biomimetic Microconstrictions and Its Physical Enrichment by Microfiltration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802899. [PMID: 30286282 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of cells passing through microconstrictions, such as capillaries and endothelial junctions, influences metastasis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in vivo, as well as size-based enrichment of CTCs in vitro. However, very few studies observe such translocation of microconstrictions in real time, and thus the inherent biophysical mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, a multiplexed microfluidic device is fabricated for real-time tracking of cell translocation under physiological pressure and recording deformation of the whole cell and nucleus, respectively. It is found that the deformability and size of the nucleus instead of the whole cell dominate cellular translocation through microconstrictions under a normal physiological pressure range. More specifically, cells with a large and stiff nucleus are prone to be blocked by relatively small constrictions. The same phenomenon is also observed in the size-based enrichment of CTCs from peripheral blood of metastatic cancer patients. These findings are different from a popular viewpoint that the size and deformability of a whole cell mainly determine cell translation through microconstrictions, and thus may elucidate interactions between CTCs and capillaries from a new perspective and guide the rational design of size-based microfilters for rare cell enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sijie Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Merisa Nisic
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ramdane A Harouaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yizhu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Penn State Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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39
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The Interplay between Circulating Tumor Cells and the Immune System: From Immune Escape to Cancer Immunotherapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8030059. [PMID: 30200242 PMCID: PMC6164896 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have aroused increasing interest not only in mechanistic studies of metastasis, but also for translational applications, such as patient monitoring, treatment choice, and treatment change due to tumor resistance. In this review, we will assess the state of the art about the study of the interactions between CTCs and the immune system. We intend to analyze the impact that the cells of the immune system have in limiting or promoting the metastatic capability of CTCs. To this purpose, we will examine studies that correlate CTCs, immune cells, and patient prognosis, and we will also discuss relevant animal models that have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms of immune-mediated metastasis. We will then consider some studies in which CTCs seem to play a promising role in monitoring cancer patients during immunotherapy regimens. We believe that, from an accurate and profound knowledge of the interactions between CTCs and the immune system, new immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer might emerge in the future.
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40
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Platelet deficiency in Tpo−/− mice can both promote and suppress the metastasis of experimental breast tumors in an organ-specific manner. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:679-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Turk M, Naumenko V, Mahoney DJ, Jenne CN. Tracking Cell Recruitment and Behavior within the Tumor Microenvironment Using Advanced Intravital Imaging Approaches. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070069. [PMID: 29970845 PMCID: PMC6071013 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging technology have made it possible to track cellular recruitment and behavior within the vasculature of living animals in real-time. Using approaches such as resonant scanning confocal and multiphoton intravital microscopy (IVM), we are now able to observe cells within the intact tumor microenvironment of a mouse. We are able to follow these cells for extended periods of time (hours) and can characterize how specific cell types (T cells, neutrophils, monocytes) interact with the tumor vasculature and cancer cells. This approach provides greater insight into specific cellular behaviors and cell–cell interactions than conventional techniques such as histology and flow cytometry. In this report, we describe the surgical preparation of animals to expose the tumor and both resonant scanning confocal and multiphoton imaging approaches used to track leukocyte recruitment, adhesion, and behavior within the tumor microenvironment. We present techniques for the measurement and quantification of leukocyte behavior within the bloodstream and tumor interstitium. The use of IVM to study leukocyte behavior within the tumor microenvironment provides key information not attainable with other approaches, that will help shape the development of better, more effective anticancer drugs and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Turk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Victor Naumenko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskiy Prospect 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Douglas J Mahoney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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42
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Abstract
Metastasis contributes to poor prognosis in many types of cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Tumor cells metastasize to distant sites via the circulatory and lymphatic systems. In this review, we discuss the potential of circulating tumor cells for diagnosis and describe the experimental therapeutics that aim to target these disseminating cancer cells. We discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies and how they may lead to the development of the next generation of antimetastasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Thong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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43
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Molecular mechanisms of platelet activation and aggregation induced by breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2018; 48:45-53. [PMID: 29705335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation represents a critical process both for successful metastatic spread of the tumor and for the development of thrombotic complications in cancer patients. To get further insights into this process, we investigated and compared the molecular mechanisms of platelet aggregation induced by two different breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) and a colorectal cancer cell line (Caco-2). All the three types of cancer cells were able to induce comparable platelet aggregation, which, however, was observed exclusively in the presence of CaCl2 and autologous plasma. Aggregation was supported both by fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 as well as by fibrin formation, and was completely prevented by the serine protease inhibitor PPACK. Platelet aggregation was preceded by generation of low amounts of thrombin, possibly through tumor cells-expressed tissue factor, and was supported by platelet activation, as revealed by stimulation of phospholipase C, intracellular Ca2+ increase and activation of Rap1b GTPase. Pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase C, but not of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Src family kinases prevented tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation. Tumor cells also induced dense granule secretion, and the stimulation of the P2Y12 receptor by released ADP was found to be necessary for complete platelet aggregation. By contrast, prevention of thromboxane A2 synthesis by aspirin did not alter the ability of all the cancer cell lines analyzed to induce platelet aggregation. These results indicate that tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation is not related to the type of the cancer cells or to their metastatic potential, and is triggered by platelet activation and secretion driven by the generation of small amount of thrombin from plasma and supported by the positive feedback signaling through secreted ADP.
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44
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Gresele P, Momi S, Malvestiti M, Sebastiano M. Platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments as anti-cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:331-355. [PMID: 28707198 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets act as multifunctional cells participating in immune response, inflammation, allergy, tissue regeneration, and lymphoangiogenesis. Among the best-established aspects of a role of platelets in non-hemostatic or thrombotic disorders, there is their participation in cancer invasion and metastasis. The interaction of many different cancer cells with platelets leads to platelet activation, and on the other hand platelet activation is strongly instrumental to the pro-carcinogenic and pro-metastatic activities of platelets. It is thus obvious that over the last years a lot of interest has focused on the possible chemopreventive effect of platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments. This article gives an overview of the platelet-targeted pharmacologic approaches that have been attempted in the prevention of cancer development, progression, and metastasis, including the application of anti-platelet drugs currently used for cardiovascular disease and of new and novel pharmacologic strategies. Despite the fact that very promising results have been obtained with some of these approaches in pre-clinical models, with the exclusion of aspirin, clinical evidence of a beneficial effect of anti-platelet agents in cancer is however still largely missing. Future studies with platelet-targeted drugs in cancer must carefully deal with design issues, and in particular with the careful selection of patients, and/or explore novel platelet targets in order to provide a solution to the critical issue of the risk/benefit profile of long-term anti-platelet therapy in the prevention of cancer progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Momi
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Malvestiti
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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45
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Effects of platelets on cancer progression. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S40-S47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Yacobovich S, Tuchinsky L, Kirby M, Kardash T, Agranyoni O, Nesher E, Redko B, Gellerman G, Tobi D, Gurova K, Koman I, Ashur Fabian O, Pinhasov A. Novel synthetic cyclic integrin αvβ3 binding peptide ALOS4: Antitumor activity in mouse melanoma models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63549-63560. [PMID: 27556860 PMCID: PMC5325384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ALOS4, a unique synthetic cyclic peptide without resemblance to known integrin ligand sequences, was discovered through repeated biopanning with pIII phage expressing a disulfide-constrained nonapeptide library. Binding assays using a FITC-labeled analogue demonstrated selective binding to immobilized αvβ3 and a lack of significant binding to other common proteins, such as bovine serum albumin and collagen. In B16F10 cell cultures, ALOS4 treatment at 72 h inhibited cell migration (30%) and adhesion (up to 67%). Immunofluorescent imaging an ALOS4-FITC analogue with B16F10 cells demonstrated rapid cell surface binding, and uptake and localization in the cytoplasm. Daily injections of ALOS4 (0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) to mice inoculated with B16F10 mouse melanoma cells in two different cancer models, metastatic and subcutaneous tumor, resulted in reduction of lung tumor count (metastatic) and tumor mass (subcutaneous) and increased survival of animals monitored to 45 and 60 days, respectively. Examination of cellular activity indicated that ALOS4 produces inhibition of cell migration and adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that ALOS4 is a structurally-unique selective αvβ3 integrin ligand with potential anti-metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Yacobovich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Lena Tuchinsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael Kirby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tetiana Kardash
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Oryan Agranyoni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Boris Redko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dror Tobi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur Fabian
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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47
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Clinical Value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Negative 131I Whole-Body Scan and Elevated Thyroglobulin Level. Sci Rep 2018; 8:473. [PMID: 29323252 PMCID: PMC5765165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of integrin imaging with 99mTc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) in detecting recurrent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), negative radioiodine whole-body scan (WBS) and high serum thyroglobulin (Tg). Thirty-seven patients who underwent total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine ablation and had negative radioiodine WBS but elevated Tg levels were included. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT was performed 1 week after the negative diagnostic 131I WBS. Diagnostic performance indicators, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), for 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT was calculated. The correlations between SPECT/CT results and clinic-pathological characteristics were examined. In 30 (81.1%) of the 37 patients, 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT showed positive uptake. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SPECT/CT to detect recurrent disease at follow-up were 96.6%, 75%, 93.3% and 85.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and PPV of SPECT/CT increased with increasing serum Tg levels. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT showed high sensitivity and PPV in the detection of recurrence among DTC patients with higher Tg levels and negative WBS, and the probability of obtaining a positive SPECT/CT result was related with the level of Tg.
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48
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Zarà M, Guidetti GF, Boselli D, Villa C, Canobbio I, Seppi C, Visconte C, Canino J, Torti M. Release of Prometastatic Platelet-Derived Microparticles Induced by Breast Cancer Cells: A Novel Positive Feedback Mechanism for Metastasis. TH OPEN 2017; 1:e155-e163. [PMID: 31249921 PMCID: PMC6524851 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating platelets and platelet-derived microparticles are regulators of cancer metastasis. In this study, we show that breast cancer cells induce platelet aggregation and lead to the release of platelet-derived microparticles. Although able to cause comparable aggregation, the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells were more potent than the poorly aggressive MCF7 cells in inducing platelet-derived microparticles release, which was comparable to that promoted by thrombin. MDA-MB-231 cells were able to bind and internalize both MCF7- and MDA-MB-231-induced platelet-derived microparticles with comparable efficiency. By contrast, MCF7 cells did not interact with either type of platelet-derived microparticles. Upon internalization, only platelet-derived microparticles released by platelet stimulation with MDA-MB-231 cells, but not those released upon stimulation with MCF7 cells, caused activation of MDA-MB-231 cells and promoted the phosphorylation of selected signaling proteins, including p38MAPK and myosin light chain. Accordingly, MDA-MB-231-induced, but not MCF7-induced, platelet-derived microparticles dose-dependently stimulated migration and invasion of targeted MDA-MB-231 cells. These results identify a novel paracrine positive feedback mechanism initiated by aggressive breast cancer cell types to potentiate their invasive phenotype through the release of platelet-derived microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zarà
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Villa
- FRACTAL - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Seppi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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49
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Li TR, Yu MH, Huang XB, Yang ZJ, Lu GM, Li YJ. Magnetic Resonance Gd-RGD Imaging Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with High and Low Metastatic Potential before and after Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intervention. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:2591-2600. [PMID: 29067958 PMCID: PMC5678260 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.217089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biotherapy based on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is currently the focus of research, especially in the field of autologous stem cell transplantation. A novel type of metastasis-associated magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging probe was constructed, and the changes in metastasis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after BMSC intervention were observed through MR imaging (MRI). Methods: Metastasis-associated MR molecular imaging probe, integrin αvβ3 ligand cRGD-PEG-DGL-DTPA-Gd (Gd-RGD), were constructed. After human BMSC intervention was performed for 6 weeks, tumor weight inhibition rates were calculated, and the RGD molecular probe was imaged through MRI with molecular imaging agent Gd-DTPA as control. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the MRI experiment were used as semi-quantitative indicators. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to detect proliferation- and metastasis-associated indicators, transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1), osteopontin (OPN), and integrin subunit αv and β3. Results: The highest tumor weight inhibition rates were observed 3 weeks after the BMSC transplantation. The MR Gd-RGD in the HCC tissues after the BMSC intervention showed less enhancement than Gd-DTPA. The Gd-DTPA MRI of control group had higher SNR and CNR than Gd-RGD MRI in the experimental groups (P < 0.05). For high metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97-H), significant differences were observed in the SNRs and CNRs of Gd-RGD MRI before and after the BMSC intervention (P < 0.05). For low metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97-L), the CNRs of Gd-RGD MRI were statistically different before and after BMSC intervention (P < 0.05). With regard to MHCC97-H, OPN, β3, and TGFβ1 expression significantly decreased after BMSC intervention (P < 0.05). In MHCC97-L and OPN, β3, TGFβ1, and αv expression after BMSC intervention decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The CNR index of MRI is a good indicator for distinguishing high- and low-metastatic potential HCC tissues. After BMSC transplantation of MRI through the two kinds of tracer, the SNR and CNR indexes can distinguish two kinds of high and low metastatic potential HCC tissues, and Gd-RGD imaging is more suitable in distinguishing the metastatic potential changes through BMSC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ran Li
- Department of Radiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ming-Hui Yu
- Department of Radiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA 95th Hospital, Putian, Fujian 351100, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA 95th Hospital, Putian, Fujian 351100, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
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Wu YJ, Pagel MA, Muldoon LL, Fu R, Neuwelt EA. High αv Integrin Level of Cancer Cells Is Associated with Development of Brain Metastasis in Athymic Rats. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:4029-4040. [PMID: 28739685 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Brain metastases commonly occur in patients with malignant skin, lung and breast cancers resulting in high morbidity and poor prognosis. Integrins containing an αv subunit are cell adhesion proteins that contribute to cancer cell migration and cancer progression. We hypothesized that high expression of αv integrin cell adhesion protein promoted metastatic phenotypes in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cancer cells from different origins were used and studied regarding their metastatic ability and intetumumab, anti-αv integrin mAb, sensitivity using in vitro cell migration assay and in vivo brain metastases animal models. RESULTS The number of brain metastases and the rate of occurrence were positively correlated with cancer cell αv integrin levels. High αv integrin-expressing cancer cells showed significantly faster cell migration rate in vitro than low αv integrin-expressing cells. Intetumumab significantly inhibited cancer cell migration in vitro regardless of αv integrin expression level. Overexpression of αv integrin in cancer cells with low αv integrin level accelerated cell migration in vitro and increased the occurrence of brain metastases in vivo. CONCLUSION αv integrin promotes brain metastases in cancer cells and may mediate early steps in the metastatic cascade, such as adhesion to brain vasculature. Targeting αv integrin with intetumumab could provide clinical benefit in treating cancer patients who develop metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjen Jeffrey Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | | | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Rongwei Fu
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A. .,Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, OR, U.S.A.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
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