1
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Effect of thrombin conjugation on hemostatic efficacy of PLGA mesh through reagent free surface modification. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Klein L, Phillips D, Kong F, Bowker B, Mohan A. 4-Oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE)-Induced Degradation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12641-12650. [PMID: 36129340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important component of meat, as they provide desirable sensory characteristics and nutritional benefits. However, lipids are susceptible to degradation through oxidation and produce toxic oxidative byproducts. 4-Oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) is an oxidative byproduct that is highly reactive and cytotoxic. In this study, we investigated the influence of 4-ONE-induced protein degradation on fresh and gastric digested bovine skeletal muscle proteins. The results indicated that 4-ONE naturally forms in fresh muscle proteins. We report here for the first time that 4-ONE causes severe degradation of bovine skeletal muscle proteins. An SDS-PAGE gel analysis showed evidence that the skeletal muscle proteins attenuated over the incubation time, as the density of the protein bands faded significantly after 120 h. Additionally, protein and band density analyses showed a significant decrease in protein abundance and band densities throughout the incubation time. This study revealed that the lipid oxidation byproduct, 4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) is responsible for causing skeletal muscle protein degradation. Future studies should assess the bioprotective role of antioxidants and other food ingredients for their potential to prevent the formation and/or detoxification of 4-ONE in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Klein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Dennis Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Brian Bowker
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Anand Mohan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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3
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Girelli AM, Scuto FR. Spent grain as a sustainable and low-cost carrier for laccase immobilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 128:114-121. [PMID: 33984682 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spent grain is promising lignocellulosic by-product support for laccase immobilization. The waste digestion with two different approaches (HCl/NaOH and H2SO4/NaOH) was performed. Different procedures (soaking and dropping), based on chemical and physical reactions, were also used to obtain the highest immobilized activity. Results showed that H2SO4/NaOH digestion guaranteed an immobilized activity five times higher than HCl/NaOH digestion. The best immobilization conditions with physical dropping procedure resulted in the highest immobilized activity on digested spent grain (2500 U/Kg). Good reusability (42% of activity retained after four cycles), and lower catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 0.053 min-1 than free laccase (0.14 min-1) with ABTS as substrate, were also obtained. Besides, when 20 mg of biocatalyst (0.02 U) were tested for syringic acid removal, complete oxidation of the phenol was achieved in just 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - F R Scuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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4
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Hamzalıoğlu A, Gökmen V. Potential reactions of thermal process contaminants during digestion. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Cooxidation of proteins and lipids in whey protein oleogels with different water amounts. Food Chem 2020; 328:127123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Rosario DKA, Furtado MR, Mutz YS, Rodrigues BL, Bernardo YAA, Baltar JD, Bernardes PC, Estevez M, Conte-Junior CA. A Chemometric Approach to Establish Underlying Connections between Lipid and Protein Oxidation and Instrumental Color and Texture Characteristics in Brazilian Dry-cured Loin. Foods 2020; 9:E536. [PMID: 32344628 PMCID: PMC7231182 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to use chemometrics to evaluate the influence of lipid and protein oxidation on the color and texture characteristics of Brazilian dry-cured loin (Socol, BDL). Upon exploration using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), two clusters were formed, indicating that higher water activity (aw) was associated with higher lipid and protein oxidation. However, this fact was associated with softening and low color quality (a*, chroma, and cured color). In a more in-depth exploration, using principal component analysis (PCA) for each cluster separately, connections between protein and lipid oxidation were found in high aw, as demonstrated by their statistical association. In the same way, relationships between high hardness and carbonyl contents were obtained only in high aw. In addition, an overall relationship (p < 0.05) between nondestructive measurements, such as hardness, and destructive methods (malonaldehyde and carbonyl contents) demonstrate that nondestructive techniques can be promising for further studies in the method replacement field. In this study, reasonable explanations of the connections between oxidative damage and quality traits in Socol are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes K. A. Rosario
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo, 1281, Polo de Química, bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil; (D.K.A.R.); (Y.S.M.); (Y.A.A.B.)
- Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (B.L.R.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Maraysa R. Furtado
- Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (B.L.R.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Yhan S. Mutz
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo, 1281, Polo de Química, bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil; (D.K.A.R.); (Y.S.M.); (Y.A.A.B.)
- Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (B.L.R.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Bruna L. Rodrigues
- Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (B.L.R.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Yago A. A. Bernardo
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo, 1281, Polo de Química, bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil; (D.K.A.R.); (Y.S.M.); (Y.A.A.B.)
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica D. Baltar
- Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (B.L.R.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Patricia C. Bernardes
- Department of Food Engineer, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brazil;
| | - Mario Estevez
- Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Carlos A. Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo, 1281, Polo de Química, bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil; (D.K.A.R.); (Y.S.M.); (Y.A.A.B.)
- Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (B.L.R.); (J.D.B.)
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
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7
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Burkitt MJ. An overlooked danger of ketogenic diets: Making the case that ketone bodies induce vascular damage by the same mechanisms as glucose. Nutrition 2020; 75-76:110763. [PMID: 32248054 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intense debate surrounds the use of low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets for the promotion of weight loss and avoidance of cardiovascular disease. The rationale behind these diets is that they promote fat oxidation and minimize the addition of glucose to proteins in the formation of adducts that trigger inflammation. Although nutritional ketosis is widely assumed to be a safe metabolic condition, proper consideration has not been given to the fact that ketones are reactive toward proteins through the same mechanisms as glucose. Here, the case is made that ketone bodies are more potent than glucose in bringing about the protein modifications to which the harmful effects of glucose have been attributed. It is suggested, therefore, that attempts to minimize such protein modifications through nutritional ketosis are futile and may lead to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Burkitt
- Westcott Research and Consulting, Westcott, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.
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8
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Vikrant K, Cho M, Khan A, Kim KH, Ahn WS, Kwon EE. Adsorption properties of advanced functional materials against gaseous formaldehyde. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108672. [PMID: 31450145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intense efforts have been made to eliminate toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments, especially formaldehyde (FA). In this study, the removal performances of gaseous FA using two metal-organic frameworks, MOF-5 and UiO-66-NH2, and two covalent-organic polymers, CBAP-1 (EDA) and CBAP-1 (DETA), along with activated carbon as a conventional reference material, were evaluated. To assess the removal capacity of FA under near-ambient conditions, a series of adsorption experiments were conducted at its concentrations/partial pressures of both low (0.1-0.5 ppm/0.01-0.05 Pa) and high ranges (5-25 ppm/0.5-2.5 Pa). Among all tested materials at the high-pressure region ㅐ (e.g., at 2.5 ppm FA), a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.7 mg g-1 was recorded by UiO-66-NH2. Moreover, UiO-66-NH2 also displayed the best 10% breakthrough volume (BTV10) of 534 L g-1 (0.5 ppm FA) to 2963 L g-1 (0.1 ppm FA). In contrast, at the high concentration test (at 5, 10, and 25 ppm FA), the maximum BTV10 values were observed as: 137 (UiO-66-NH2), 144 (CBAP-1 (DETA)), and 36.8 L g-1 (CBAP-1 (EDA)), respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model was observed to be a better fit of the adsorption data than the Freundlich model under most of the tested conditions. The superiority of UiO-66-NH2 was attributed to the van der Waals interactions between the linkers (framework) and the hydrocarbon "tail" (FA) coupled with interactions between its open metal sites and the FA carbonyl groups. This study demonstrated the good potential of these advanced functional materials toward the practical removal of gaseous FA in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Azmatullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05005, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Estévez M, Padilla P, Carvalho L, Martín L, Carrapiso A, Delgado J. Malondialdehyde interferes with the formation and detection of primary carbonyls in oxidized proteins. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101277. [PMID: 31352127 PMCID: PMC6669345 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonylation is one of the most remarkable expressions of the oxidative damage to proteins and the DNPH method the most common procedure to assess protein oxidation in biological samples. The present study was elicited by two hypotheses: i) is malondialdehyde, as a reactive dicarbonyl, able to induce the formation of allysine through a Maillard-type reaction? and ii) to which extent does the attachment of MDA to proteins interfere in the assessment of protein carbonyls using the DNPH method? Human serum albumin (HSA), human hemoglobin (HEM) and β-lactoglobulin (LAC) (5 mg/mL) were incubated with MDA (0.25 mM) for 24 h at 37 °C (HSA and HEM) or 80 °C (LAC). Results showed that MDA was unable to induce oxidative deamination of lysine residues and instead, formed stable and fluorescent adducts with proteins. Such adducts were tagged by the DNPH method, accounting for most of the protein hydrazones quantified. This interfering effect was observed in a wide range of MDA concentrations (0.05-1 mM). Being aware of its limitations, protein scientists should accurately interpret results from the DNPH method, and apply, when required, other methodologies such as chromatographic methods to detect specific primary oxidation products such as allysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Patricia Padilla
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Leila Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Martín
- Food Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana Carrapiso
- Food Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain; Heart Clinical Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Clinic Hospital. Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga. IBIMA. CIBERCV. University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Hurtado Silva M, Berry IJ, Strange N, Djordjevic SP, Padula MP. Terminomics Methodologies and the Completeness of Reductive Dimethylation: A Meta-Analysis of Publicly Available Datasets. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020011. [PMID: 30934878 PMCID: PMC6631386 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for analyzing the terminal sequences of proteins have been refined over the previous decade; however, few studies have evaluated the quality of the data that have been produced from those methodologies. While performing global N-terminal labelling on bacteria, we observed that the labelling was not complete and investigated whether this was a common occurrence. We assessed the completeness of labelling in a selection of existing, publicly available N-terminomics datasets and empirically determined that amine-based labelling chemistry does not achieve complete labelling and potentially has issues with labelling amine groups at sequence-specific residues. This finding led us to conduct a thorough review of the historical literature that showed that this is not an unexpected finding, with numerous publications reporting incomplete labelling. These findings have implications for the quantitation of N-terminal peptides and the biological interpretations of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Hurtado Silva
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Iain J Berry
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
- The ithree Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Natalie Strange
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
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11
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Szwergold B. A Hypothesis: Moderate Consumption of Alcohol Contributes to Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Due to the Scavenging of Alpha-Dicarbonyls by Dietary Polyphenols. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:389-404. [PMID: 28891383 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing an epidemic of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This has led to increased morbidity and mortality, explosive growth in health care budgets, and an even greater adverse, if indirect, impact on societies and economies of affected countries. While genetic susceptibility to T2DM is a major determinant of its prevalence, changes in lifestyles also play a role. One such change has been a transition from traditional diets characterized by low caloric and high nutrient density to calorie-rich but nutrient-poor Western diets. Given this, one solution to the epidemic of T2DM would be to abandon Western diets and revert to traditional eating patterns. However, traditional diets cannot provide enough calories for the increasing global population, so transition from traditional to Western foodstuffs appears to be irreversible. Consequently, the only practical solution to problems caused by these changes is to modify Western diets, possibly by supplementing them with functional foods containing nutrients that would compensate for these dietary deficits. I present in this study a hypothesis to explain why shifts from traditional to Western diets have been so problematic and to suggest nutrients that may counteract these adverse effects. I postulate that the components of traditional diets that may compensate for deficiencies of Westerns diets are scavengers of reactive α-dicarbonyls produced as unavoidable by-products of glucose and lipid metabolism. Most important among these scavengers are some plant secondary metabolites: polyphenols, phlorotannins, and carotenoids. They are found in alcoholic beverages and are abundant in seasonings, cocoa, coffee, tea, whole grains, pigmented vegetables, fruits, and berries.
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12
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Jiang J, Xiong YL. Natural antioxidants as food and feed additives to promote health benefits and quality of meat products: A review. Meat Sci 2016; 120:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Alonso V, Muela E, Tenas J, Calanche JB, Roncalés P, Beltrán JA. Changes in physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of pork following long-term frozen storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Saleem RA, Affholter BR, Deng S, Campbell PC, Matthies K, Eakin CM, Wallace A. A chemical and computational approach to comprehensive glycation characterization on antibodies. MAbs 2015; 7:719-31. [PMID: 26030340 PMCID: PMC4622828 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1046663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation is a challenging post-translational modification to characterize due to the structural heterogeneity it generates in proteins. Glycation has become increasingly recognized as an important product quality attribute to monitor, particularly for the biotechnology sector, which produces recombinant proteins under conditions that are amenable to protein glycation. The elucidation of sites of glycation can be problematic using conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID)-based mass spectrometry because of the predominance of neutral loss ions. A method to characterize glycation using an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a model is reported here. The sugars present on this mAb were derivatized using sodium borohydride chemistry to stabilize the linkage and identified using CID-based MS(2) mass spectrometry and spectral search engines. Quantification of specific glycation sites was then done using a targeted MS(1) based approach, which allowed the identification of a glycation hot spot in the heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 of the mAb. This targeted approach provided a path forward to developing a structural understanding of the propensity of sites to become glycated on mAbs. Through structural analysis we propose a model in which the number and 3-dimensional distances of carboxylic acid amino acyl residues create a favorable environment for glycation to occur.
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Key Words
- BA, boronate affinity chromatography
- CDR3, complementary-determining region 3
- CEX, cation exchange chromatography
- CID, collision induced dissociation
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Da, daltons
- EIC, extracted ion chromatogram
- HC-CDR3, heavy chain complementary determining region 3
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- LC-MS2, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
- MS1, a mass to charge ratio survey scan
- MS2, tandem mass spectrometry - selected ions from MS1 are fragmented and fragment ion mass measured
- UPLC, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography
- boronate affinity chromatography
- glycation
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- structural modeling
- targeted mass spectrometry
- Å, angstroms
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sihong Deng
- Drug Substance Development; Amgen Inc.; Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kelli Matthies
- Functional Biocharacterization; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Alison Wallace
- Drug Substance Development; Amgen Inc.; Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Hoff BH, Sundby E. Preparation of pharmaceutical important fluorinated 1-arylethanols using isolated enzymes. Bioorg Chem 2013; 51:31-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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A comparative DFT study of the Schiff base formation from acetaldehyde and butylamine, glycine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Estévez M. Protein carbonyls in meat systems: A review. Meat Sci 2011; 89:259-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf G. Madian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Fred E. Regnier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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19
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Liu Z, Xiong YL, Chen J. Identification of restricting factors that inhibit swelling of oxidized myofibrils during brine irrigation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10999-11007. [PMID: 19919128 DOI: 10.1021/jf902722j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Porcine longissimus myofibrils were exposed to a hydroxyl radical-oxidizing system (10 microM FeCl3, 100 microM ascorbic acid, 1 mM H2O2) at pH 6.2 for 1-12 h. Chemical analyses (sulfhydryls, disulfide bonds, carbonyls) indicated mild protein oxidation along with almost 40% loss of protein extractability in low-ionic-strength brines (<or=0.4 M NaCl, 10 mM pyrophosphate, pH 6.2). Upon graded brine irrigation (0.2-->0.6 M NaCl) with pyrophosphate, the swelling of myofibrils and the dissolution of the A-band of oxidized myofibrils were less pronounced than those of nonoxidized. This restriction of myofibril swelling, caused largely by disulfide cross-linkages formed between oxidized myosin tails, was positioned on the transversely expansible thick filaments, reflecting a significant role and susceptibility of intra- as well as intermyofilamental structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Curt S, Subirade M, Rouabhia M. Production and in vitro evaluation of soy protein-based biofilms as a support for human keratinocyte and fibroblast culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1223-32. [PMID: 18939936 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents results on soy protein isolate (SPI) biofilm production and the corresponding effect on the stability and toxicity of the derived films. SPI biofilms were prepared from SPI chemically treated with formaldehyde at various concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) as cross-linking agents. In vitro SPI biofilm degradation was evaluated as a function of water absorption leading to weight and size modifications. SPI biofilm toxicity was determined as a function of human keratinocyte and fibroblast adhesion, viability, and proliferation. Cytokine gene expression supported this using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction techniques. Our results confirm that SPI can be used to produce biofilms. The resulting SPI biofilms without formaldehyde swell significantly, which leads to their physical instability. Formaldehyde treatment enhanced the mechanical properties of these biofilms by covalently cross-linking polypeptide chains. The decreased water absorption was dependent on the amount of formaldehyde present. SPI biofilms with 2% and 3% formaldehyde were highly stable and easier to manipulate than those with 0% and 1% formaldehyde. Tissue culture analyses revealed that the SPI biofilms without formaldehyde were non-toxic to human cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts). The presence of formaldehyde in biofilms did not have any effects on cell viability, adhesion, or proliferation. This was supported by the high level of messenger RNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha by the keratinocytes and of IL-6 and IL-8 by the fibroblasts. Overall, we produced a stable, non-toxic soy protein support, which may be of potential interest in medical applications such as cell culture matrices and damaged tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sèverine Curt
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Fretheim K, Iwai S, Feeney RE. Extensive modification of protein amino groups by reductive addition of different sized substituents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 14:451-6. [PMID: 536113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1979.tb01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The amino groups of ovomucoid, lysozyme and ovotransferrin have been extensively alkylated by reacting the proteins with various carbonyl reagents in the presence of sodim borohydride. The extent of modification ranged from 40 to 100%. Essentially monosubstitution was obtained with acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde, while 20--50% disubstitution was obtained with N-butanal and nearby 100% disubstitution was obtained with formaldehyde. Both the methylated and isopropylated derivatives of all three proteins were soluble and retained almost full biochemical activities, but introduction of the larger substituents caused precipitation with lysozyme and ovotransferrin.
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22
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MacDonald C, Morrow R, Weiss AS, Bilek MMM. Covalent attachment of functional protein to polymer surfaces: a novel one-step dry process. J R Soc Interface 2008; 5:663-9. [PMID: 18285286 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2007.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The attachment of bioactive protein to surfaces underpins the development of biosensors and diagnostic microarrays. We present a surface treatment using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to create stable covalent binding sites for the attachment of functional soya-bean peroxidase (SBP). Fourier transform infrared spectra of the surfaces show that protein is retained on the surface after boiling in sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide, which is indicative of covalent attachment. The activity of SBP on the treated surfaces remains high in comparison with SBP attached to control surfaces over the course of 11 days. Surface plasmon resonance was used to show that the surface coverage of the attached protein is close to a monolayer. We describe the potential of the PIII treatment method to be used as a one-step dry process to create surfaces for large-scale protein micro- or nanopatterning.
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23
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Zhu D, Damodaran S, Lucey JA. Formation of whey protein isolate (WPI)-dextran conjugates in aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7113-7118. [PMID: 18662013 DOI: 10.1021/jf800909w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation reaction between whey protein isolate (WPI) and dextran in aqueous solutions via the initial stage of the Maillard reaction was studied. The covalent attachment of dextran to WPI was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with both protein and carbohydrate staining. The formation of WPI-dextran conjugates was monitored by a maximum absorbance peak at approximately 304 nm using difference UV spectroscopy. The impact of various processing conditions on the formation of WPI-dextran conjugates was investigated. The conjugation reaction was promoted by raising the temperature from 40 to 60 degrees C, the WPI concentration from 2.5 to 10%, and the dextran concentration from 10 to 30% and lowering the pH from 8.5 to 6.5. The optimal conjugation conditions chosen from the experiments were 10% WPI-30% dextran and pH 6.5 at 60 degrees C for 24 h. WPI-dextran conjugates were stable under the conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1565, USA
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24
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Kalashnikova IV, Ivanova ND, Evseeva TG, Menshikova AY, Vlakh EG, Tennikova TB. Study of dynamic adsorption behavior of large-size protein-bearing particles. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1144:40-7. [PMID: 17116306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The subject of this paper is an investigation of the peculiarities of dynamic adsorption behavior of nanoparticles. For this purpose, virus-mimicking synthetic particles bearing different proteins at their outer surface were specially constructed using two approaches, e.g. the cross-linking of proteins and modification of polystyrene microsphere surface by proteins. Two chromatographic modes, namely ion-exchange and affinity liquid chromatography on ultra-short monolithic columns [Convective Interaction Media (CIM) DEAE and CIM QA disks] have been used as a tool for dynamic adsorption experiments. Such parameters as maximum adsorption capacity and its dependence on applied flow rate were established and compared with those obtained for individual proteins. Similarly to individual proteins, it was shown that the maximum of adsorption capacity was not changed at different flow rates. In addition, the permeability of porous space of used monolithic sorbents appeared to be sufficient for efficient separation of large particles and quite similar to the well-studied process applied for individual proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Kalashnikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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25
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Sessa DJ, Mohamed A, Byars JA, Hamaker SAH, Selling GW. Properties of films from corn zein reacted with glutaraldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Ahern TJ, Klibanov AM. Analysis of processes causing thermal inactivation of enzymes. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 33:91-127. [PMID: 3282153 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110546.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Robins SP. Analysis of the crosslinking components in collagen and elastin. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 28:329-79. [PMID: 6285140 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110485.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Vaz CM, Fossen M, van Tuil RF, de Graaf LA, Reis RL, Cunha AM. Casein and soybean protein-based thermoplastics and composites as alternative biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 65:60-70. [PMID: 12635155 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the development and characterization of novel meltable polymers and composites based on casein and soybean proteins. The effects of inert (Al(2)O(3)) and bioactive (tricalcium phosphate) ceramic reinforcements over the mechanical performance, water absorption, and bioactivity behavior of the injection-molded thermoplastics were examined. It was possible to obtain materials and composites with a range of mechanical properties, which might allow for their application in the biomedical field. The incorporation of tricalcium phosphate into the soybean thermoplastic decreased its mechanical properties but lead to the nucleation of a bioactive calcium-phosphate film on their surface when immersed in a simulated body fluid solution. When compounded with 1% of a zirconate coupling agent, the nucleation and growth of the bioactive films on the surface of the referred to composites was accelerated. The materials degradation was studied for ageing periods up to 60 days in an isotonic saline solution. Both water uptake and weight loss were monitored as a function of the immersion time. After 1 month of immersion, the materials showed signal of chemical degradation, presenting weight losses up to 30%. However, further improvement on the mechanical performance and the enhancement of the hydrolytic stability of those materials will be highly necessary for applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Vaz
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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29
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Tang R, Du Y, Zheng H, Fan L. Preparation and characterization of soy protein isolate-carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Dodson ML, Kurtz AJ, Lloyd RS. T4 endonuclease V: use of NMR and borohydride trapping to provide evidence for covalent enzyme-substrate imine intermediate. Methods Enzymol 2003; 354:202-7. [PMID: 12418228 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)54017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Dodson
- Sealy Center for Molecular Science, Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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31
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Riess JG. Oxygen carriers ("blood substitutes")--raison d'etre, chemistry, and some physiology. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2797-920. [PMID: 11749396 DOI: 10.1021/cr970143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Riess
- MRI Institute, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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32
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Labrou NE, Rigden DJ, Clonis YD. Characterization of the NAD+ binding site of Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase by affinity labelling and site-directed mutagenesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:6657-64. [PMID: 11054119 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ADP (oADP) has been shown to be an affinity label for the NAD+ binding site of recombinant Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase (FDH). Inactivation of FDH by oADP at pH 7.6 followed biphasic pseudo first-order saturation kinetics. The rate of inactivation exhibited a nonlinear dependence on the concentration of oADP, which can be described by reversible binding of reagent to the enzyme (Kd = 0.46 mM for the fast phase, 0.45 mM for the slow phase) prior to the irreversible reaction, with maximum rate constants of 0.012 and 0.007 min-1 for the fast and slow phases, respectively. Inactivation of formate dehydrogenase by oADP resulted in the formation of an enzyme-oADP product, a process that was reversed after dialysis or after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol (> 90% reactivation). The reactivation of the enzyme by 2-mercaptoethanol was prevented if the enzyme-oADP complex was previously reduced by NaBH4, suggesting that the reaction product was a stable Schiff's base. Protection from inactivation was afforded by nucleotides (NAD+, NADH and ADP) demonstrating the specificity of the reaction. When the enzyme was completely inactivated, approximately 1 mol of [14C]oADP per mol of subunit was incorporated. Cleavage of [14C]oADP-modified enzyme with trypsin and subsequent separation of peptides by RP-HPLC gave only one radioactive peak. Amino-acid sequencing of the radioactive tryptic peptide revealed the target site of oADP reaction to be Lys360. These results indicate that oADP inactivates FDH by specific reaction at the nucleotide binding site, with negative cooperativity between subunits accounting for the appearance of two phases of inactivation. Molecular modelling studies were used to create a model of C. boidinii FDH, based on the known structure of the Pseudomonas enzyme, using the MODELLER 4 program. The model confirmed that Lys360 is positioned at the NAD+-binding site. Site-directed mutagenesis was used in dissecting the structure and functional role of Lys360. The mutant Lys360-->Ala enzyme exhibited unchanged kcat and Km values for formate but showed reduced affinity for NAD+. The molecular model was used to help interpret these biochemical data concerning the Lys360-->Ala enzyme. The data are discussed in terms of engineering coenzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
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33
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Liu G, Xiong Y, Butterfield D. Chemical, Physical, and Gel-forming Properties of Oxidized Myofibrils and Whey- and Soy-protein Isolates. J Food Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Parkington J, Xiong Y, Blanchard S, Xiong S. Functionality Changes in Oxidatively/Antioxidatively Washed Beef-Heart Surimi During Frozen Storage. J Food Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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36
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Parkington J, Xiong Y, Blanchard S, Xiong S, Wang B, Srinivasan S, Froning G. Chemical and Functional Properties of Oxidatively Modified Beef Heart Surimi Stored at 2 oC. J Food Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Pandey A, Iyengar L, Katiyar SS. Modification of an essential amino group of glutathione reductase from yeast by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 1997; 12:143-54. [PMID: 9247856 DOI: 10.3109/14756369709035815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Yeast glutathione reductase is inactivated by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). The reactivation of the enzyme by dilution as well as a characteristic absorption peak at 325 nm exhibited by NaBH4-reduced-PLP modified enzyme show that the inactivation is due to the specific modification of the epsilon-amino group of lysine residue. The maximum of 70% inactivation was observed at 7mM PLP and the equilibrium was reached within 3 min. Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of inactivation data derived at different PLP concentrations showed that a noncovalent intermediate is formed prior to inactivation. From the studies on the effect of pH on the inactivation rate, the pKa of epsilon-amino group of the reactive lysine residue was calculated to be 7.3. Among various protecting agents tried, only NADP was found to be effective. The apparent stoichiometry of the reaction was one to one as the incorporation of 0.65 mole PLP/mole of enzyme led to 70% inactivation at saturating PLP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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38
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39
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Fukui T, Tanizawa K. Synthesis and application of pyridoxal polyphosphoryl derivatives as active-site probes for nucleotide-binding enzymes. Methods Enzymol 1997; 280:41-50. [PMID: 9211303 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)80099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Fukui
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
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40
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Kamio K, Honke K, Makita A. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binds to a lysine residue in the adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate recognition site of glycolipid sulfotransferase from human renal cancer cells. Glycoconj J 1995; 12:762-6. [PMID: 8748152 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the course of characterization of glycolipid sulfotransferase from human renal cancer cells, the manner of inhibition of sulfotransferase activity with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was investigated. Incubation of a partially purified sulfotransferase preparation with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate followed by reduction with NaBH4 resulted in an irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. When adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate was coincubated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the enzyme was protected against this inactivation. Furthermore, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was found to behave as a competitive inhibitor with respect to adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate with a Ki value of 287 microM. These results suggest that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate modified a lysine residue in the adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate-recognizing site of the sulfotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamio
- Cancer Institute, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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41
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Luo J, Iwakura M, Matthews CR. Detection of a stable intermediate in the thermal unfolding of a cysteine-free form of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 1995; 34:10669-75. [PMID: 7654721 DOI: 10.1021/bi00033a043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The reversible temperature-induced unfolding of a cysteine-free mutant (C85S/C152E, des-Cys) of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli has been studied by absorbance and by both far- and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopies. The non-coincidence of all three transition curves demonstrated the existence of a highly populated partially-folded form near 39 degrees C at pH 7.8. This intermediate retains substantial secondary structure and partially excludes one or more of the five tryptophans from solvent; however, the intermediate has lost specific tertiary packing around its aromatic residues. Increases in enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity are observed for both the native/intermediate and intermediate/unfolded transitions; the majority of the changes in these parameters occurs in the first transition. These results suggest that the thermal unfolding reaction of des-Cys dihydrofolate reductase involves a stable intermediate whose properties resemble those of a molten globule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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42
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Singh S, Suri R, Agrawal CG. Fluorescence properties of oxidised human plasma low-density lipoproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1254:135-9. [PMID: 7827117 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)00173-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Appearance of fluorescence emission between 380-550 nm (lambda exc 350-400 nm) in freshly prepared low-density lipoprotein from asymptomatic normolipemic human plasma revealed the presence of in vivo oxidative modification of its protein moiety. Low-density lipoprotein elicited seven fluorophores in three dimensional fluorescence spectrogram. Assignment of fluorescent chemical structures originating from oxidative modification of the protein moiety of low-density lipoprotein has been made with the help of second derivative fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Division of Biopolymers, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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43
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WEISSMAN I, RAMON O, KOPELMAN I, MIZRAHI S. A KINETIC MODEL FOR ACCELERATED TESTS of MAILLARD BROWNING IN A LIQUID MODEL SYSTEM. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1993.tb00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Abstract
A previously unknown metabolite of vitamin B6, tentatively identified as adenosine-N6-diethylthioether-N1-pyridoximine-5'- phosphate, accounts for up to 30% of the total intracellular vitamin B6 observed in tumor cells cultured in the presence of radiolabeled pyridoxine. When various animal and human tumor cells were incubated with radiolabeled pyridoxine, the formation of this metabolite was greatest in rapidly growing cells that were the least differentiated. If analytical methods are verified, the presence of the compound in serum may provide an indicator of in vivo tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0370
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46
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Dickinson E, Galazka VB. Emulsion stabilization by ionic and covalent complexes of β-lactoglobulin with polysaccharides. Food Hydrocoll 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Acharya AS, Roy RP, Dorai B. Aldimine to ketoamine isomerization (Amadori rearrangement) potential at the individual nonenzymic glycation sites of hemoglobin A: preferential inhibition of glycation by nucleophiles at sites of low isomerization potential. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1991; 10:345-58. [PMID: 1910466 DOI: 10.1007/bf01025633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative roles of the two structural aspects of nonenzymic glycation sites of hemoglobin A, namely the ease with which the amino groups could form the aldimine adducts and the propensity of the microenvironments of the respective aldimines to facilitate the Amadori rearrangement, in dictating the site selectivity of nonenzymic glycation with aldotriose has been investigated. The chemical reactivity of the amino groups of hemoglobin A for in vitro reductive glycation with aldotriose is distinct from that in the nonreductive mode. The reactivity of amino groups of hemoglobin A toward reductive glycation (i.e., propensity for aldimine formation) decreases in the order Val-1(beta), Val-1(alpha), Lys-66(beta), Lys-61(alpha), and Lys-16(alpha). The overall reactivity of hemoglobin A toward nonreductive glycation decreased in the order Lys-16(alpha), Val-1(beta), Lys-66(beta), Lys-82(beta), Lys-61(alpha), and Val-1(alpha). Since the aldimine is the common intermediate for both the reductive and nonreductive modification, the differential selectivity of protein for the two modes of glycation is clearly a reflection of the propensity of the microenvironments of nonenzymic glycation sites to facilitate the isomerization reaction (i.e., Amadori rearrangement). A semiquantitative estimate of this propensity of the microenvironment of the nonenzymic glycation sites has been obtained by comparing the nonreductive (nonenzymic) and reductive modification at individual glycation sites. The microenvironment of Lys-16(alpha) is very efficient in facilitating the rearrangement and the relative efficiency decreases in the order Lys-16(alpha), Lys-82(beta), Lys-66(beta), Lys-61(alpha), Val-1(beta), and Val-1(alpha). The propensity of the microenvironment of Lys-16(alpha) to facilitate the Amadori rearrangement of the aldimine is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of Val-1(alpha) and is about 50 times higher than that of Val-1(beta). The extent of nonenzymic glycation at the individual sites is modulated by various factors, such as the pH, concentration of aldotriose, and the concentration of the protein. The nucleophiles--such as tris, glycine ethyl ester, and amino guanidine--inhibit the glycation by trapping the aldotriose. The nonenzymic glycation inhibitory power of nucleophile is directly related to its propensity to form aldimine. Thus, the extent of inhibition of nonenzymic glycation at a given site by a nucleophile directly reflects the relative role of pKa of the site in dictating the glycation at that site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Acharya
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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48
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Dyer DG, Blackledge JA, Katz BM, Hull CJ, Adkisson HD, Thorpe SR, Lyons TJ, Baynes JW. The Maillard reaction in vivo. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1991; 30:29-45. [PMID: 1858426 DOI: 10.1007/bf01910730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Maillard or browning reaction between reducing sugars and protein contributes to the chemical deterioration and loss of nutritional value of proteins during food processing and storage. This article presents and discusses evidence that the Maillard reaction is also involved in the chemical aging of long-lived proteins in human tissues. While the concentration of the Amadori adduct of glucose to lens protein and skin collagen is relatively constant with age, products of sequential glycation and oxidation of protein, termed glycoxidation products, accumulate in these long-lived proteins with advancing age and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Among these products are the chemically modified amino acids, N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)hydroxylysine (CMhL), and the fluorescent crosslink, pentosidine. While these glycoxidation products are present at only trace levels in tissue proteins, there is strong evidence for the presence of other browning products which remain to be characterized. Mechanisms for detoxifying reactive intermediates in the Maillard reaction and catabolism of extensively browned proteins are also discussed, along with recent approaches for therapeutic modulation of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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49
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Swaisgood HE, Catignani GL. Protein digestibility: in vitro methods of assessment. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 1991; 35:185-236. [PMID: 1930883 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(08)60065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H E Swaisgood
- Department of Food Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
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Sundaram KS, Lev M. Vitamin K and phosphate mediated enhancement of brain sulfotransferase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 169:927-32. [PMID: 2363732 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that vitamin K regulates brain sulfotransferase activity. We now show that activity is lost after treatment with acid phosphatase and is restored with ATP. Orthophosphate activates sulfotransferase to a small degree (26%) with a maximum at 3 mM. Vitamin K1 (or menadione) + orthophosphate stimulates activity 400%; vitamin K alone is not active. ATP activates maximally at 10 mM; ATP + vitamin K increases activation 20%. Protein kinase inhibitors do not affect ATP or orthophosphate + vitamin K mediated activation. Sulfotransferase is inhibited by pyridoxal phosphate indicating modification of a lysyl residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sundaram
- Department of Microbiology, CUNY Medical School, New York 10031
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