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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Pfister S, Lesieur J, Bourdoncle P, Elhassan M, Didier P, Anton N, Anton H, Collot M. Red-Emitting Pyrrolyl Squaraine Molecular Rotor Reports Variations of Plasma Membrane and Vesicular Viscosity in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12784-12793. [PMID: 39066698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The viscosity that ensures the controlled diffusion of biomolecules in cells is a crucial biophysical parameter. Consequently, fluorescent probes capable of reporting viscosity variations are valuable tools in bioimaging. In this field, red-shifted probes are essential, as the widely used and gold standard probe remains green-emitting molecular rotors based on BODIPY. Here, we demonstrate that pyrrolyl squaraines, red-emissive fluorophores, exhibit high sensitivity over a wide viscosity range from 30 to 4890 mPa·s. Upon alkylation of the pyrrole moieties, the probes improve their sensitivity to viscosity through an enhanced twisted intramolecular charge transfer phenomenon. We utilized this scaffold to develop a plasma membrane probe, pSQ-PM, that efficiently stains the plasma membrane in a fluorogenic manner. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging, pSQ-PM enabled efficient sensing of viscosity variations in the plasma membrane under various conditions and in different cell lines (HeLa, U2OS, and NIH/3T3). Moreover, upon incubation, pSQ-PM stained the membrane of intracellular vesicles and suggested that the lysosomal membranes displayed enhanced fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pfister
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Elhassan
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 21111, Sudan
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Halina Anton
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, Graffenstaden, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
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3
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Xiang K, Pan J, Yu J, Xiao L, Sun SK, Cheng R. A hemicyanine-based near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for non-invasive bioimaging of brown adipose tissue. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5272-5279. [PMID: 39016035 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), characterized by the presence of numerous mitochondria, plays a key role in metabolism and energy expenditure. Accurately reporting the presence and activation of BAT is beneficial to study obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has the advantages of high sensitivity, non-radioactivity, and simple operation. However, most NIR probes for BAT imaging exhibit small Stokes shifts, which may lead to self-quenching, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio, and introducing cross-talk. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of hemicyanine-based NIR fluorescent probes HCYBAT-1-3. Among them, HCYBAT-1 demonstrated favorable properties such as near-infrared emission (776 nm), large Stokes shift (139 nm), good biocompatibility and specific mitochondrial targeting (Pearson's colocalization coefficient of 0.87). Meanwhile, HCYBAT-1 was successfully employed to differentiate BAT from white adipose tissue (WAT). Quantitative analysis of NIR fluorescent images showed that HCYBAT-1 could be used for real-time monitoring of BAT activation in mice stimulated by norepinephrine (NE) and cold exposure. Overall, probe HCYBAT-1 showcased its efficacy in non-invasive evaluation of BAT metabolism in vivo with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Jinbin Pan
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Lehui Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Ran Cheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
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4
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Desai N, Liao W, Lauga E. Natural convection in the cytoplasm: Theoretical predictions of buoyancy-driven flows inside a cell. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307765. [PMID: 39052656 PMCID: PMC11271965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of temperature gradients within eukaryotic cells has been postulated as a source of natural convection in the cytoplasm, i.e. bulk fluid motion as a result of temperature-difference-induced density gradients. Recent computations have predicted that a temperature differential of ΔT ≈ 1 K between the cell nucleus and the cell membrane could be strong enough to drive significant intracellular material transport. We use numerical computations and theoretical calculations to revisit this problem in order to further understand the impact of temperature gradients on flow generation and advective transport within cells. Surprisingly, our computations yield flows that are an order of magnitude weaker than those obtained previously for the same relative size and position of the nucleus with respect to the cell membrane. To understand this discrepancy, we develop a semi-analytical solution of the convective flow inside a model cell using a bi-spherical coordinate framework, for the case of an axisymmetric cell geometry (i.e. when the displacement of the nucleus from the cell centre is aligned with gravity). We also calculate exact solutions for the flow when the nucleus is located concentrically inside the cell. The results from both theoretical analyses agree with our numerical results, thus providing a robust estimate of the strength of cytoplasmic natural convection and demonstrating that these are much weaker than previously predicted. Finally, we investigate the ability of the aforementioned flows to redistribute solute within a cell. Our calculations reveal that, in all but unrealistic cases, cytoplasmic convection has a negligible contribution toward enhancing the diffusion-dominated mass transfer of cellular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Desai
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Weida Liao
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lauga
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Thekkethil N, Köry J, Guo M, Stewart PS, Hill NA, Luo X. Modelling the rheology of living cell cytoplasm: poroviscoelasticity and fluid-to-solid transition. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01854-2. [PMID: 38976113 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell rheology has important consequences for vital processes such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Experiments indicate that cell cytoplasm can exhibit both elastic and viscous characteristics in different regimes, while the transport of fluid (cytosol) through the cross-linked filamentous scaffold (cytoskeleton) is reminiscent of mass transfer by diffusion through a porous medium. To gain insights into this complex rheological behaviour, we construct a computational model for the cell cytoplasm as a poroviscoelastic material formulated on the principles of nonlinear continuum mechanics, where we model the cytoplasm as a porous viscoelastic scaffold with an embedded viscous fluid flowing between the pores to model the cytosol. Baseline simulations (neglecting the viscosity of the cytosol) indicate that the system exhibits seven different regimes across the parameter space spanned by the viscoelastic relaxation timescale of the cytoskeleton and the poroelastic diffusion timescale; these regimes agree qualitatively with experimental measurements. Furthermore, the theoretical model also allows us to elucidate the additional role of pore fluid viscosity, which enters the system as a distinct viscous timescale. We show that increasing this viscous timescale hinders the passage of the pore fluid (reducing the poroelastic diffusion) and makes the cytoplasm rheology increasingly incompressible, shifting the phase boundaries between the regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namshad Thekkethil
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Jakub Köry
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Peter S Stewart
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas A Hill
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Gao C, Chen DD, Zhang L, Ma ML, Liu HW, Cui HR. A Mitochondria-Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Dual Sensing of Hypochlorite and Viscosity without Signal Crosstalk in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Molecules 2024; 29:3059. [PMID: 38999010 PMCID: PMC11243143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) and viscosity both affect the physiological state of mitochondria, and their abnormal levels are closely related to many common diseases. Therefore, it is vitally important to develop mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probes for the dual sensing of ClO- and viscosity. Herein, we have explored a new fluorescent probe, XTAP-Bn, which responds sensitively to ClO- and viscosity with off-on fluorescence changes at 558 and 765 nm, respectively. Because the emission wavelength gap is more than 200 nm, XTAP-Bn can effectively eliminate the signal crosstalk during the simultaneous detection of ClO- and viscosity. In addition, XTAP-Bn has several advantages, including high selectivity, rapid response, good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and excellent mitochondrial-targeting ability. More importantly, probe XTAP-Bn is successfully employed to monitor the dynamic change in ClO- and viscosity levels in the mitochondria of living cells and zebrafish. This study not only provides a reliable tool for identifying mitochondrial dysfunction but also offers a potential approach for the early diagnosis of mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Ming-Lan Ma
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hu-Wei Liu
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hai-Rong Cui
- Synergy Innovation Centre of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
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7
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Raja Venkatesh A, Le KH, Weld DM, Brandman O. Diffusive lensing as a mechanism of intracellular transport and compartmentalization. eLife 2024; 12:RP89794. [PMID: 38896469 PMCID: PMC11186627 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
While inhomogeneous diffusivity has been identified as a ubiquitous feature of the cellular interior, its implications for particle mobility and concentration at different length scales remain largely unexplored. In this work, we use agent-based simulations of diffusion to investigate how heterogeneous diffusivity affects the movement and concentration of diffusing particles. We propose that a nonequilibrium mode of membrane-less compartmentalization arising from the convergence of diffusive trajectories into low-diffusive sinks, which we call 'diffusive lensing,' is relevant for living systems. Our work highlights the phenomenon of diffusive lensing as a potentially key driver of mesoscale dynamics in the cytoplasm, with possible far-reaching implications for biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuthan Raja Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) MohaliMohaliIndia
| | - Kathy H Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - David M Weld
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Onn Brandman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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8
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Hedtfeld M, Dammers A, Koerner C, Musacchio A. A validation strategy to assess the role of phase separation as a determinant of macromolecular localization. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1783-1801.e7. [PMID: 38614097 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of putative assembly scaffolds has been proposed to drive the biogenesis of membraneless compartments. LLPS scaffolds are usually identified through in vitro LLPS assays with single macromolecules (homotypic), but the predictive value of these assays remains poorly characterized. Here, we apply a strategy to evaluate the robustness of homotypic LLPS assays. When applied to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which undergoes LLPS in vitro and localizes to centromeres to promote chromosome biorientation, LLPS propensity in vitro emerged as an unreliable predictor of subcellular localization. In vitro CPC LLPS in aqueous buffers was enhanced by commonly used crowding agents. Conversely, diluted cytomimetic media dissolved condensates of the CPC and of several other proteins. We also show that centromeres do not seem to nucleate LLPS, nor do they promote local, spatially restrained LLPS of the CPC. Our strategy can be adapted to purported LLPS scaffolds of other membraneless compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hedtfeld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alicia Dammers
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Koerner
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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9
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Maiti A, Koyano Y, Kitahata H, Dey KK. Activity-induced diffusion recovery in crowded colloidal suspensions. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054607. [PMID: 38907422 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We show that the forces generated by active enzyme molecules are strong enough to influence the dynamics of their surroundings under artificial crowded environments. We measured the behavior of polymer microparticles in a quasi-two-dimensional system under aqueous environment, at various area fraction values of particles. In the presence of enzymatic activity, not only was the diffusion of the suspended particles enhanced at shorter time-scales, but the system also showed a transition from subdiffusive to diffusive dynamics at longer time-scale limits. Similar observations were also recorded with enzyme-functionalized microparticles. Brownian dynamics simulations have been performed to support the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Maiti
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India
| | - Yuki Koyano
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India
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10
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Stephens C, Naghavi MH. The host cytoskeleton: a key regulator of early HIV-1 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1835-1848. [PMID: 36527282 PMCID: PMC10272291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its central role in cell biology, the cytoskeleton is a key regulator of viral infection, influencing nearly every step of the viral life cycle. In this review, we will discuss the role of two key components of the cytoskeleton, namely the actin and microtubule networks in early HIV-1 infection. We will discuss key contributions to processes ranging from the attachment and entry of viral particles at the cell surface to their arrival and import into the nucleus and identify areas where further research into this complex relationship may yield new insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stephens
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H. Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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11
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Wei D, Dai Y, Cao J, Fu N. A novel fluorescent probe for visualizing viscosity changes in lipid droplets during chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342422. [PMID: 38499425 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, as a novel form of cell death, is becoming one of the hot topics in cancer treatment research. It differs from necrosis and autophagy in that it involves the accumulation of lipid peroxides and is triggered by iron dependency. Recent studies have suggested that this mechanism may alter the viscosity or structure of lipid droplets (LDs). The relationship between LDs viscosity and ferroptosis remains an active area of research with limited reports at present. Additionally, there is a lack of effective anticancer drugs targeting the ferroptosis pathway to promote ferroptosis in tumour cells. Therefore, the development of tools to detect viscosity changes during ferroptosis and targeted therapeutic strategies is of great significance. RESULTS By coupling 1,3-indandione with naphthalimide, including decamethylamine as a LDs recognition group, we designed and synthesized an environmental fluorescent probe that induces intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) effects. Notably, the diffusion and transport of intracellular substances may be affected in highly viscous environments. Under such conditions, intracellular iron ions may accumulate, leading to peroxide production and cellular damage, which can trigger ferroptosis. Therefore, WD-1 achieved excellent in situ bioimaging of LDs targeting and its viscosity during ferroptosis in HeLa cells and zebrafish. Furthermore, it was observed that WD-1 effectively differentiated between malignant and normal cells during this process, highlighting its potential significance in distinguishing cellular states. In addition, we used the antitumour drug paclitaxel to study ferroptosis in cancer cells. These findings not only provide an excellent tool for the development of the ferroptosis response, but also are crucial for understanding the biological properties of LDs during the ferroptosis response. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Based on a powerful tool of fluorescent probe with in vivo bioimaging, we developed WD-1 to track the impact of paclitaxel on the process of ferroptosis in living cells. Therefore, we preliminarily believe that paclitaxel may affect the occurrence of ferroptosis and control apoptosis in cancer cells. These findings not only serve as an exceptional tool for advancing our understanding of the ferroptosis response, but furthermore play a vital role in comprehending the biological characteristics of LDs in relation to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety & International (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Yingshu Dai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety & International (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Jing Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety & International (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Nanyan Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety & International (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.
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12
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Wrzosek A, Vullev VI, Szewczyk A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Quadrupolar, Highly Polarized Dyes: Emission Dependence on Viscosity and Selective Mitochondria Staining. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:248-257. [PMID: 38585507 PMCID: PMC10995932 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Quadrupolar A-D-A-type 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) bearing pyridinium and quinolinium substituents emit in the 500-600 nm region. The enhancement of electronic communication between the electron-rich heterocyclic core and electron-deficient peripheral substituents turned out to be crucial for achieving emission enhancement in viscous media. DHPP bearing two 4-pyridinium substituents has optical brightness 34,000 in glycerol and only 700 in MeOH, as evidenced by measurements of the emission intensity and fluorescence lifetimes in a series of polar solvents. Such behavior makes it an excellent candidate for viscosity probes in fluorescence microscopy, as demonstrated by the fluorescence imaging of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, Riverside,
900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Kuzminov A. Bacterial nucleoid is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0021123. [PMID: 38358278 PMCID: PMC10994824 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00211-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial chromosome, the nucleoid, is traditionally modeled as a rosette of DNA mega-loops, organized around proteinaceous central scaffold by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), and mixed with the cytoplasm by transcription and translation. Electron microscopy of fixed cells confirms dispersal of the cloud-like nucleoid within the ribosome-filled cytoplasm. Here, I discuss evidence that the nucleoid in live cells forms DNA phase separate from riboprotein phase, the "riboid." I argue that the nucleoid-riboid interphase, where DNA interacts with NAPs, transcribing RNA polymerases, nascent transcripts, and ssRNA chaperones, forms the transcription zone. An active part of phase separation, transcription zone enforces segregation of the centrally positioned information phase (the nucleoid) from the surrounding action phase (the riboid), where translation happens, protein accumulates, and metabolism occurs. I speculate that HU NAP mostly tiles up the nucleoid periphery-facilitating DNA mobility but also supporting transcription in the interphase. Besides extruding plectonemically supercoiled DNA mega-loops, condensins could compact them into solenoids of uniform rings, while HU could support rigidity and rotation of these DNA rings. The two-phase cytoplasm arrangement allows the bacterial cell to organize the central dogma activities, where (from the cell center to its periphery) DNA replicates and segregates, DNA is transcribed, nascent mRNA is handed over to ribosomes, mRNA is translated into proteins, and finally, the used mRNA is recycled into nucleotides at the inner membrane. The resulting information-action conveyor, with one activity naturally leading to the next one, explains the efficiency of prokaryotic cell design-even though its main intracellular transportation mode is free diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Kuzminov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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14
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Sutormin OS, Nemtseva EV, Gulnov DV, Sukovatyi LA, Tyrtyshnaya YS, Lisitsa AE, Kratasyuk VA. Coupling of NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase and luciferase from luminous bacteria in a viscous medium: Finding the weakest link in the chain. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:465-476. [PMID: 37583116 DOI: 10.1111/php.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aims at revealing the mechanisms of the viscous medium effects on the kinetic features of NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase from luminous bacteria (Red), which are exhibited in a single enzyme assay and in coupling with bacterial luciferase (BLuc). Different concentrations of glycerol and sucrose were used to vary the medium viscosity. The activity of Red, alone and in the presence of BLuc, was analyzed, as well as BLuc activity in the presence of Red, whereas in the absence of BLuc, the Red activity was suppressed in viscous medium, and in the presence of BLuc, the increase in Red activity was observed at low glycerol concentrations (5-20 wt%). The interaction of glycerol and sucrose with Red substrates FMN and NADH was studied using absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics. Glycerol was found to form hydrogen bonds with the phosphate groups of the substrates, unlike sucrose. A mechanism for the activation of Red in the presence of BLuc in glycerol solutions through the acceleration of FMN reoxidation was proposed. Thus, it was concluded that, under the conditions used, the weakest link of the coupled enzyme system BLuc-Red in viscous medium is the FMN concentration, which depends on Red activity and the medium viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S Sutormin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural and Technical Sciences, Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena V Nemtseva
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Gulnov
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Lev A Sukovatyi
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yekaterina S Tyrtyshnaya
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Albert E Lisitsa
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Valentina A Kratasyuk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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15
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Chang R, Davydov A, Jaroenlak P, Budaitis B, Ekiert DC, Bhabha G, Prakash M. Energetics of the microsporidian polar tube invasion machinery. eLife 2024; 12:RP86638. [PMID: 38381133 PMCID: PMC10942582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an unusual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive. Anncaliia algerae microsporidia spores (3-4 μm in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300 μm/s, creating a shear rate of 3000 s-1. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ∼60-140 μm (Jaroenlak et al, 2020) and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of A. algerae spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Ari Davydov
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pattana Jaroenlak
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Breane Budaitis
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Damian C Ekiert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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16
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Subramanya AR, Boyd-Shiwarski CR. Molecular Crowding: Physiologic Sensing and Control. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:429-452. [PMID: 37931170 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-025920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm is densely packed with molecules that contribute to its nonideal behavior. Cytosolic crowding influences chemical reaction rates, intracellular water mobility, and macromolecular complex formation. Overcrowding is potentially catastrophic; to counteract this problem, cells have evolved acute and chronic homeostatic mechanisms that optimize cellular crowdedness. Here, we provide a physiology-focused overview of molecular crowding, highlighting contemporary advances in our understanding of its sensing and control. Long hypothesized as a form of crowding-induced microcompartmentation, phase separation allows cells to detect and respond to intracellular crowding through the action of biomolecular condensates, as indicated by recent studies. Growing evidence indicates that crowding is closely tied to cell size and fluid volume, homeostatic responses to physical compression and desiccation, tissue architecture, circadian rhythm, aging, transepithelial transport, and total body electrolyte and water balance. Thus, molecular crowding is a fundamental physiologic parameter that impacts diverse functions extending from molecule to organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arohan R Subramanya
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cary R Boyd-Shiwarski
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Erdemir S, Malkondu S, Oguz M, Kocyigit O. A novel pathway for ratiometric hydrazine sensing in environmental samples and the detection of intracellular viscosity by a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent sensor. Talanta 2024; 267:125143. [PMID: 37690420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass and signal transfer, dispersion of reactive metabolites in living cells, and interactions between biomacromolecules are greatly affected by viscosity inside the cells. It is crucial to accurately determine viscosity for reliable results because of the complexities of live cells. Herein, we introduce a new fluorescence probe based on the cyanobiphenyl and benzothiazolium units. This probe not only responds to intracellular viscosity but also detects hydrazine, a widely used chemical that poses significant environmental and toxic risks to organisms. The proposed sensing mechanism provides a new pathway that includes intramolecular cyclization with hydrazine, which differs from other sensing mechanisms. A weak emission (at 590 nm) of the probe under excitation at 365 nm resulted in 25-fold higher emission at 488 nm after the addition of N2H4. The quantum yield of the probe (Φ = 0.089) increased to Φ = 0.199 with the addition of N2H4. In addition, the probe demonstrated 45-fold emission enhancement at 560 nm in viscous media, with a color change from non-fluorescence to yellow fluorescence. Good hydrazine sensing features with high adaptability, selectivity, sensitivity, ratiometric and fast response (90 s), low cytotoxicity (more than 90% of cell viability), low detection limit (86.0 nM), good linearity in the range of 0-35.0 μM, and high signal-to-noise ratio sensing capability were achieved. The hydrazine-sensing capability of the mitochondria-targetable probe in living cells makes it a strong candidate for various biological and environmental applications, including intracellular tracking and imaging. These results suggest that the present probe shows significant potential for the effective fluorescence detection of hydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdemir
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Sait Malkondu
- Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun, 28200, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Oguz
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Kocyigit
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 42250, Konya, Turkey
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18
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Sakref Y, Muñoz-Basagoiti M, Zeravcic Z, Rivoire O. On Kinetic Constraints That Catalysis Imposes on Elementary Processes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10950-10959. [PMID: 38091487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis, the acceleration of product formation by a substance that is left unchanged, typically results from multiple elementary processes, including diffusion of the reactants toward the catalyst, chemical steps, and release of the products. While efforts to design catalysts are often focused on accelerating the chemical reaction on the catalyst, catalysis is a global property of the catalytic cycle that involves all processes. These are controlled by both intrinsic parameters such as the composition and shape of the catalyst and extrinsic parameters such as the concentration of the chemical species at play. We examine here the conditions that catalysis imposes on the different steps of a reaction cycle and the respective role of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the system on the emergence of catalysis by using an approach based on first-passage times. We illustrate this approach for various decompositions of a catalytic cycle into elementary steps, including non-Markovian decompositions, which are useful when the presence and nature of intermediate states are a priori unknown. Our examples cover different types of reactions and clarify the constraints on elementary steps and the impact of species concentrations on catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Sakref
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maitane Muñoz-Basagoiti
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Zorana Zeravcic
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rivoire
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Jang S, Engelman AN. Capsid-host interactions for HIV-1 ingress. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0004822. [PMID: 37750702 PMCID: PMC10732038 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00048-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 capsid, composed of approximately 1,200 copies of the capsid protein, encases genomic RNA alongside viral nucleocapsid, reverse transcriptase, and integrase proteins. After cell entry, the capsid interacts with a myriad of host factors to traverse the cell cytoplasm, pass through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), and then traffic to chromosomal sites for viral DNA integration. Integration may very well require the dissolution of the capsid, but where and when this uncoating event occurs remains hotly debated. Based on size constraints, a long-prevailing view was that uncoating preceded nuclear transport, but recent research has indicated that the capsid may remain largely intact during nuclear import, with perhaps some structural remodeling required for NPC traversal. Completion of reverse transcription in the nucleus may further aid capsid uncoating. One canonical type of host factor, typified by CPSF6, leverages a Phe-Gly (FG) motif to bind capsid. Recent research has shown these peptides reside amid prion-like domains (PrLDs), which are stretches of protein sequence devoid of charged residues. Intermolecular PrLD interactions along the exterior of the capsid shell impart avid host factor binding for productive HIV-1 infection. Herein we overview capsid-host interactions implicated in HIV-1 ingress and discuss important research questions moving forward. Highlighting clinical relevance, the long-acting ultrapotent inhibitor lenacapavir, which engages the same capsid binding pocket as FG host factors, was recently approved to treat people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooin Jang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan N. Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Atia L, Fredberg JJ. A life off the beaten track in biomechanics: Imperfect elasticity, cytoskeletal glassiness, and epithelial unjamming. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041304. [PMID: 38156333 PMCID: PMC10751956 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Textbook descriptions of elasticity, viscosity, and viscoelasticity fail to account for certain mechanical behaviors that typify soft living matter. Here, we consider three examples. First, strong empirical evidence suggests that within lung parenchymal tissues, the frictional stresses expressed at the microscale are fundamentally not of viscous origin. Second, the cytoskeleton (CSK) of the airway smooth muscle cell, as well as that of all eukaryotic cells, is more solid-like than fluid-like, yet its elastic modulus is softer than the softest of soft rubbers by a factor of 104-105. Moreover, the eukaryotic CSK expresses power law rheology, innate malleability, and fluidization when sheared. For these reasons, taken together, the CSK of the living eukaryotic cell is reminiscent of the class of materials called soft glasses, thus likening it to inert materials such as clays, pastes slurries, emulsions, and foams. Third, the cellular collective comprising a confluent epithelial layer can become solid-like and jammed, fluid-like and unjammed, or something in between. Esoteric though each may seem, these discoveries are consequential insofar as they impact our understanding of bronchospasm and wound healing as well as cancer cell invasion and embryonic development. Moreover, there are reasons to suspect that certain of these phenomena first arose in the early protist as a result of evolutionary pressures exerted by the primordial microenvironment. We have hypothesized, further, that each then became passed down virtually unchanged to the present day as a conserved core process. These topics are addressed here not only because they are interesting but also because they track the journey of one laboratory along a path less traveled by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Atia
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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21
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Yang L, Gu P, Fu A, Xi Y, Cui S, Ji L, Li L, Ma N, Wang Q, He G. TPE-based fluorescent probe for dual channel imaging of pH/viscosity and selective visualization of cancer cells and tissues. Talanta 2023; 265:124862. [PMID: 37379755 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient fluorescence-based detection tools with high contrast and accuracy in cancer diagnosis has recently attracted extensive attention. Changes in the microenvironments between cancer and normal cells provide new biomarkers for precise and comprehensive cancer diagnosis. Herein, a dual-organelle-targeted probe with multiple-parameter response is developed to realize cancer detection. We designed a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based fluorescent probe TPE-PH-KD connected with quinolinium group for simultaneous detection of viscosity and pH. Due to the restriction on the double bond's rotation, the probe respond to viscosity changes in the green channel with extreme sensitivity. Interestingly, the probe exhibited strong emission of red channel in acidic environment, and the rearrangement of ortho-OH group occurred in the basic form with weak fluorescence when pH increased. Additionally, cell colocalization studies revealed that the probe was located in the mitochondria and lysosome of cancer cells. Following treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenylhydrazone (CCCP), chloroquine, and nystatin, the pH or viscosity changes in the dual channels are also monitored in real-time. Furthermore, the probe TPE-PH-KD could effectively discriminate cancer from normal cells and organs with high-contrast fluorescence imaging, which sparked more research on an efficient tool for highly selectively visualizing tumors at the organ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Pengli Gu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Aoxiang Fu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yanbei Xi
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shaoli Cui
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Liguo Ji
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Guangjie He
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
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22
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Arjona MI, Najafi J, Minc N. Cytoplasm mechanics and cellular organization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102278. [PMID: 37979412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
As cells organize spatially or divide, they translocate many micron-scale organelles in their cytoplasm. These include endomembrane vesicles, nuclei, microtubule asters, mitotic spindles, or chromosomes. Organelle motion is powered by cytoskeleton forces but is opposed by viscoelastic forces imparted by the surrounding crowded cytoplasm medium. These resistive forces associated to cytoplasm physcial properties remain generally underappreciated, yet reach significant values to slow down organelle motion or even limit their displacement by springing them back towards their original position. The cytoplasm may also be itself organized in time and space, being for example stiffer or more fluid at certain locations or during particular cell cycle phases. Thus, cytoplasm mechanics may be viewed as a labile module that contributes to organize cells. We here review emerging methods, mechanisms, and concepts to study cytoplasm mechanical properties and their function in organelle positioning, cellular organization and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Arjona
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Javad Najafi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, France.
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23
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Ma Y, Li M, Sun H, Ge JY, Bai Y, Qiu L, Wu X, Chen J, Chen Z. Strategic design of an NIR probe for viscosity imaging in inflammatory and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mice. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14025-14028. [PMID: 37947054 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Two novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes Cy-Vis1 and Cy-Vis2 with large Stokes shifts (>100 nm) were constructed using a "symmetry collapse" strategy. Notably, Cy-Vis2 was significantly more sensitive to viscosity than Cy-Vis1 through an enhanced intramolecular interaction strategy. The fluorescence intensities of Cy-Vis1 and Cy-Vis2 exhibited increases, by 7.6- and 19.9-fold, respectively, across the viscosity range from 0.8 cp to 359.9 cp. Cy-Vis2 was successfully used to visualize viscosity abnormalities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory and NASH model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaogeng Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Huilin Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Ge
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Xuan Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
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24
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Fei C, Dunkel J. Fly embryo nuclei riding on two-fluid flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2317219120. [PMID: 37939065 PMCID: PMC10665796 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317219120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Fei
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Jörn Dunkel
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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25
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Wang W, Tasset A, Pyatnitskiy I, Lin P, Bellamkonda A, Mehta R, Gabbert C, Yuan F, Mohamed HG, Peppas NA, Wang H. Reversible, Covalent DNA Condensation Approach Using Chemical Linkers for Enhanced Gene Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9310-9318. [PMID: 37843021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery has emerged as a promising technology for gene therapy. Nonetheless, these approaches often face challenges, primarily associated with lower efficiency, which can be attributed to the inefficient transportation of DNA into the nucleus. Here, we report a two-stage condensation approach to achieve efficient nuclear transport of DNA. First, we utilize chemical linkers to cross-link DNA plasmids via a reversible covalent bond to form smaller-sized bundled DNA (b-DNA). Then, we package the b-DNA into cationic vectors to further condense b-DNA and enable efficient gene delivery to the nucleus. We demonstrate clear improvements in the gene transfection efficiency in vitro, including with 11.6 kbp plasmids and in primary cultured neurons. Moreover, we also observed a remarkable improvement in lung-selective gene transfection efficiency in vivo by this two-stage condensation approach following intravenous administration. This reversible covalent assembly strategy demonstrates substantial value of nonviral gene delivery for clinical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron Tasset
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ilya Pyatnitskiy
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peter Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arjun Bellamkonda
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rohan Mehta
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christian Gabbert
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Feng Yuan
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Heba Galaa Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Nakul U, Roy S, Nalupurackal G, Chakraborty S, Siwach P, Goswami J, Edwina P, Bajpai SK, Singh R, Roy B. Studying fluctuating trajectories of optically confined passive tracers inside cells provides familiar active forces. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5440. [PMID: 37810271 PMCID: PMC7615170 DOI: 10.1364/boe.499990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the trajectories of microparticles inside living cells. Among other things, such studies are useful in understanding the spatio-temporal properties of a cell. In this work, we study the stochastic trajectories of a passive microparticle inside a cell using experiments and theory. Our theory is based on modeling the microparticle inside a cell as an active particle in a viscoelastic medium. The activity is included in our model from an additional stochastic term with non-zero persistence in the Langevin equation describing the dynamics of the microparticle. Using this model, we are able to predict the power spectral density (PSD) measured in the experiment and compute active forces. This caters to the situation where a tracer particle is optically confined and then yields a PSD for positional fluctuations. The low frequency part of the PSD yields information about the active forces that the particle feels. The fit to the model extracts such active force. Thus, we can conclude that trapping the particle does not affect the values of the forces extracted from the active fits if accounted for appropriately by proper theoretical models. In addition, the fit also provides system properties and optical tweezers trap stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Nakul
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srestha Roy
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Gokul Nalupurackal
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Snigdhadev Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Priyanka Siwach
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Jayesh Goswami
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Privita Edwina
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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27
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Appalabhotla R, Butler MT, Bear JE, Haugh JM. G-actin diffusion is insufficient to achieve F-actin assembly in fast-treadmilling protrusions. Biophys J 2023; 122:3816-3829. [PMID: 37644720 PMCID: PMC10541494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To generate forces that drive migration of a eukaryotic cell, arrays of actin filaments (F-actin) are assembled at the cell's leading membrane edge. To maintain cell propulsion and respond to dynamic external cues, actin filaments must be disassembled to regenerate the actin monomers (G-actin), and transport of G-actin from sites of disassembly back to the leading edge completes the treadmilling cycle and limits the flux of F-actin assembly. Whether or not molecular diffusion is sufficient for G-actin transport has been a long-standing topic of debate, in part because the dynamic nature of cell motility and migration hinders the estimation of transport parameters. In this work, we applied an experimental system in which cells adopt an approximately constant and symmetrical shape; they cannot migrate but exhibit fast, steady treadmilling in the thin region protruding from the cell. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we quantified the relative concentrations and corresponding fluxes of F- and G-actin in this system. In conjunction with mathematical modeling, constrained by measured features of each region of interest, this approach revealed that diffusion alone cannot account for the transport of G-actin to the leading edge. Although G-actin diffusion and vectorial transport might vary with position in the protruding region, good agreement with the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements was achieved by a model with constant G-actin diffusivity ∼2 μm2/s and anterograde G-actin velocity less than 1 μm/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Appalabhotla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
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28
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Gautam D, Srivastava A, Chowdhury R, Laskar IR, Rao VKP, Mukherjee S. Mechanical microscopy of cancer cells: TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition corresponds to low intracellular viscosity in cancer cells. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1787-1799. [PMID: 37725520 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity is an essential parameter that regulates bio-molecular reaction rates of diffusion-driven cellular processes. Hence, abnormal viscosity levels are often associated with various diseases and malfunctions like cancer. For this reason, monitoring intracellular viscosity becomes vital. While several approaches have been developed for in vitro and in vivo measurement of viscosity, analysis of intracellular viscosity in live cells has not yet been well realized. Our research introduces a novel, natural frequency-based, non-invasive method to determine the intracellular viscosity in cells. This method can not only efficiently analyze the differences in intracellular viscosity post modulation with molecules like PEG or glucose but is sensitive enough to distinguish the difference in intra-cellular viscosity among various cancer cell lines such as Huh-7, MCF-7, and MDAMB-231. Interestingly, TGF-β a cytokine reported to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a feature associated with cancer invasiveness resulted in reduced viscosity of cancer cells, as captured through our method. To corroborate our findings with existing methods of analysis, we analyzed intra-cellular viscosity with a previously described viscosity-sensitive molecular rotor-based fluorophore-TPSII. In parity with our position sensing device (PSD)-based approach, an increase in fluorescence intensity was observed with viscosity enhancers, while, TGF-β exposure resulted in its reduction in the cells studied. This is the first study of its kind that attempts to characterize differences in intracellular viscosity using a novel, non-invasive PSD-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diplesh Gautam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Abhilasha Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Inamur R Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Venkatesh K P Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
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29
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Chang R, Davydov A, Jaroenlak P, Budaitis B, Ekiert DC, Bhabha G, Prakash M. Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524456. [PMID: 36711805 PMCID: PMC9884504 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an unusual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive. Anncaliia algerae microsporidia spores (3-4 μm in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300 μm/sec, creating a shear rate of 3000 sec-1. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ~60-140 μm (Jaroenlak et al., 2020) and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of A. algerae spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ari Davydov
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pattana Jaroenlak
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Breane Budaitis
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Damian C. Ekiert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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30
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Jiang C, Luo HY, Xu X, Dou SX, Li W, Guan D, Ye F, Chen X, Guo M, Wang PY, Li H. Switch of cell migration modes orchestrated by changes of three-dimensional lamellipodium structure and intracellular diffusion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5166. [PMID: 37620390 PMCID: PMC10449835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays important roles in many biological processes, but how migrating cells orchestrate intracellular molecules and subcellular structures to regulate their speed and direction is still not clear. Here, by characterizing the intracellular diffusion and the three-dimensional lamellipodium structures of fish keratocyte cells, we observe a strong positive correlation between the intracellular diffusion and cell migration speed and, more importantly, discover a switching of cell migration modes with reversible intracellular diffusion variation and lamellipodium structure deformation. Distinct from the normal fast mode, cells migrating in the newly-found slow mode have a deformed lamellipodium with swollen-up front and thinned-down rear, reduced intracellular diffusion and compartmentalized macromolecule distribution in the lamellipodium. Furthermore, in turning cells, both lamellipodium structure and intracellular diffusion dynamics are also changed, with left-right symmetry breaking. We propose a mechanism involving the front-localized actin polymerization and increased molecular crowding in the lamellipodium to explain how cells spatiotemporally coordinate the intracellular diffusion dynamics and the lamellipodium structure in regulating their migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Systems Science and Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- School of Physical Sciences and School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Physics Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Shuo-Xing Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- School of Physical Sciences and School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- School of Systems Science and Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peng-Ye Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences and School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science and Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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31
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Surzhikova DP, Sukovatyi LA, Nemtseva EV, Esimbekova EN, Slyusareva EA. Functioning of a Fluorescein pH-Probe in Aqueous Media: Impact of Temperature and Viscosity. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1442. [PMID: 37512752 PMCID: PMC10383544 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we considered the influence of viscogenic agents (glycerol, sucrose) as well as the temperature on the fluorescent characteristics of fluorescein at pH 6.5 in order to describe the acid-base status of local environment in terms of a spectrally detectable dianion-anion equilibrium. The protolytic equilibrium of fluorescein was found to depend on the solvent viscosity in a complex way. Whereas in the presence of sucrose the ratiometric signal of fluorescein (I488/I435) remains rather unchanged, the addition of glycerol (up to 40% w/w) results in the increase of the signal (up to 19%), that can be attributed to the different mechanisms of cosolvents effects on dye molecules in the ground state. Molecular dynamics of the dye in the presence of glycerol and sucrose revealed that the cosolvents preferentially interact with fluorescein monoanion and dianion, displacing water molecules from the local environment which in turn reduces the average number of the hydrogen bonds between xanthene ring of the dye and water molecules. The ratiometric signal demonstrates linear growth with the temperature in the range of 10-80 °C regardless of the presence of viscogenic agents. A linear correlation between the temperature sensitivity of the ratiometric signal and the change in the molar enthalpy of the proton dissociation reaction in buffer and viscous media was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya P Surzhikova
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Lev A Sukovatyi
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena V Nemtseva
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena N Esimbekova
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia A Slyusareva
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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32
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Liu J, Meng F, Lv J, Yang M, Wu Y, Gao J, Luo J, Li X, Wei G, Yuan Z, Li H. Comprehensive monitoring of mitochondrial viscosity variation during different cell death processes by a NIR mitochondria-targeting fluorescence probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122602. [PMID: 36934595 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental feature of multicellular organisms, in which mitochondria play crucial roles. Therefore, revealing and monitoring the microenvironment of mitochondria are significant to investigate cell death process. Herein, the mitochondrial viscosity variation behaviors of a series of different cell death processes were monitored with a NIR mitochondria-targeting fluorescence probe FLV. FLV was designed based on a rotatable flavylocyanine fluorophore that presented selective and sensitive NIR fluorescence enhancement response with the increase of environmental viscosity. Fluorescence imaging experiments of living cells incubated with nystatin or under different temperature indicated that FLV was capable of imaging the change of mitochondrial viscosity. Finally, FLV was applied for monitoring the mitochondrial viscosity variation during different cell death processes. It was found that there were obvious mitochondrial viscosity increases during apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy; however, no detectable mitochondrial viscosity variation was observed in ferroptosis process incubated with ferroptosis inducer erastin or RSL3 for 6 h. These results demonstrated that FLV is a viable tool for monitoring the mitochondrial viscosity variation and is likely to be used in the diagnosis of the mitochondrial viscosity-associated cell processes and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Junjun Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Manufacturing, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia.
| | - Zeli Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
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33
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Groysbeck N, Hanss V, Donzeau M, Strub JM, Cianférani S, Spehner D, Bahri M, Ersen O, Eltsov M, Schultz P, Zuber G. Bioactivated and PEG-Protected Circa 2 nm Gold Nanoparticles for in Cell Labelling and Cryo-Electron Microscopy. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300098. [PMID: 37035956 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cryo-electron microscopy (EM) enable imaging of protein assemblies within mammalian cells in a near native state when samples are preserved by cryogenic vitrification. To accompany this progress, specialized EM labelling protocols must be developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 2 nm are synthesized and functionalized to bind selected intracellular targets inside living human cells and to be detected in vitreous sections. As a proof of concept, thioaminobenzoate-, thionitrobenzoate-coordinated gold nanoparticles are functionalized on their surface with SV40 Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)-containing peptides and 2 kDa polyethyleneglycols (PEG) by thiolate exchange to target the importin-mediated nuclear machinery and facilitate cytosolic diffusion by shielding the AuNP surface from non-specific binding to cell components, respectively. After delivery by electroporation into the cytoplasm of living human cells, the PEG-coated AuNPs diffuse freely in the cytoplasm but do not enter the nucleus. Incorporation of NLS within the PEG coverage promotes a quick nuclear import of the nanoparticles in relation to the density of NLS onto the AuNPs. Cryo-EM of vitreous cell sections demonstrate the presence of 2 nm AuNPs as single entities in the nucleus. Biofunctionalized AuNPs combined with live-cell electroporation procedures are thus potent labeling tools for the identification of macromolecules in cellular cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Groysbeck
- Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, UMR 7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67400, France
| | - Victor Hanss
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex, F-67404, France
| | - Mariel Donzeau
- Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, UMR 7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67400, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Danièle Spehner
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex, F-67404, France
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Albert Crewe Centre, University of Liverpool, 4. Waterhouse Building, Block C, 1-3 Brownlow Street, London, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), 23 rue de Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Mikhael Eltsov
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex, F-67404, France
| | - Patrick Schultz
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex, F-67404, France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, UMR 7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67400, France
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Zong C, Lu Q, Niu J, Meng F, Yu X. A fluorescent probe for detecting mitochondrial viscosity and its application in distinguishing human breast cancer cells from normal ones. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122883. [PMID: 37209476 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial viscosity is closely associated with intracellular physiological activities yet their abnormality will result in various diseases. In particular, viscosity in cancer cells is different from that in normal cells, which is thought to be an indicator for cancer diagnosis. However, there were few fluorescent probes able to distinguish homologous cancer and normal cells by detecting mitochondrial viscosity. Herein, we designed a viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probe (named NP) based on the twisting intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism. NP exhibited exquisite sensitivity to viscosity and selectivity to mitochondria and excellent photophysical properties, such as large Stokes shift and high molar extinction coefficient, which enables wash-free, high-fidelity and fast imaging mitochondria. Moreover, it was capable of detecting mitochondrial viscosity in living cells and tissue, as well as monitoring apoptosis process. Significantly, considering numerous breast cancer cases in every country of the world, NP was successfully applied to distinguish human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) from normal cells (MCF-10A) by difference in fluorescence intensity originated from abnormality in mitochondrial viscosity. All the results indicated that NP could serve as a robust tool for effectively detecting mitochondrial viscosity changes in-situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China; China Fire and Rescue Institute, Changping, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.
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35
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Ding W, Yang X, Lin H, Xu Z, Wang J, Dai J, Xu C, Chen F, Wen X, Chai W, Ruan G. Mechanism-Driven Technology Development for Solving the Intracellular Delivery Problem of Hard-To-Transfect Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 36971675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The so-called "hard-to-transfect cells" are well-known to present great challenges to intracellular delivery, but detailed understandings of the delivery behaviors are lacking. Recently, we discovered that vesicle trapping is a likely bottleneck of delivery into a type of hard-to-transfect cells, namely, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Driven by this insight, herein, we screened various vesicle trapping-reducing methods on BMSCs. Most of these methods failed in BMSCs, although they worked well in HeLa cells. In stark contrast, coating nanoparticles with a specific form of poly(disulfide) (called PDS1) nearly completely circumvented vesicle trapping in BMSCs, by direct cell membrane penetration mediated by thiol-disulfide exchange. Further, in BMSCs, PDS1-coated nanoparticles dramatically enhanced the transfection efficiency of plasmids of fluorescent proteins and substantially improved osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, mechanistic studies suggested that higher cholesterol content in plasma membranes of BMSCs might be a molecular-level reason for the greater difficulty of vesicle escape in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchuan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huoyue Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zixing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaowei Wen
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weiran Chai
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Gang Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Cell & Gene Therapy Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong 210033, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518063, China
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36
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Fan L, Yang Q, Zan Q, Zhao K, Lu W, Wang X, Wang Y, Shuang S, Dong C. Multifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Detection of ONOO -, Viscosity, and Polarity and Its Application in Ferroptosis and Cancer Models. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5780-5787. [PMID: 36939176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular peroxynitrite anions (ONOO-) and microenvironments (such as viscosity and polarity) play an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis, regulating diffusion, transportation, and signal transduction in living cells. The abnormality of these factors is often closely related to various physiological/pathological processes. However, owing to the lack of suitable probes, the simultaneous visualization of ONOO-, viscosity, and polarity in ferroptosis and cancer models has not been achieved. To meet urgent needs, we presented a multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, named MQA-P, for simultaneously detecting ONOO-, viscosity, and polarity within mitochondria. The probe exhibited a remarkable turn-on response to ONOO- with the far-red emission of about 645 nm and was highly sensitive to viscosity/polarity in the NIR channel with λem > 704 nm. Facilitated by MQA-P, for the first time, we revealed that erastin-induced ferroptosis was accompanied by a significant upregulation of ONOO- and an increase of viscosity (or decrease of polarity) at the same time. Moreover, the concurrent use of ONOO-, viscosity, and polarity for the diagnosis of cancer has been successfully achieved not only at cell/tissue levels but also in tumor mice models. Compared with detecting only one factor, this simultaneous detection of multimarkers provides a more sensitive and reliable method/tool for tracking ferroptosis-related pathological processes and cancer diagnosis, holding great potential in preclinical research, medical diagnosis, and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Kunyi Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shanxi Research Center for Information and Strategy of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
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Abstract
Mammary lipid secretion is generally held to be unique and remarkably uniform between the many different orders of mammals. It produces a unit membrane-bounded milk fat globule (MFG). The unit membrane is separated from the lipoprotein boundary of what was the cytoplasmic lipid droplet (CLD) boundary by a uniform layer of cytoplasmic proteins. In 3-8% of the MFG in all species examined this cytoplasmic layer widens to include cytoplasmic organelles which are referred to as 'crescents'. This defines the MFG secretion as apocrine indicating a closely regulated process which minimises the loss of mammary epithelial cell (MEC) cytoplasm. The apocrine nature of the secretion might be expected since the evolution of the mammary gland is considered to be from an apocrine secreting skin gland. This short Research Reflection review is designed to investigate the exact cytoplasmic interactions which allow such efficient lipid secretion. There are two main scenarios: one which assumes that the observed close association between CLD and GV results in the CLD being released as a consequence of sequential exocytosis of the content of the associated GV. The second assumes that the CLD and the MEC apical plasmalemma interact in some way which causes the CLD to rise out of the cytoplasm enveloped in the plasmalemma. Here I present the evidence for the two possibilities. The first scenario is favoured, but the second cannot be ruled out.
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Lee S, Jung I, Lee S, Shin J, Cho E, Jung S, Ih S, Kim YG, Hong S, Choi YL, Park S. Plasmonic-Magnetic Active Nanorheology for Intracellular Viscosity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2031-2038. [PMID: 36695563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate active plasmonic systems where plasmonic signals are repeatedly modulated by changing the orientation of nanoprobes under an external magnetic field, which is a prerequisite for in situ active nanorheology in intracellular viscosity measurements. Au/Ni/Au nanorods act as "nanotransmitters", which transmit the mechanical motion of nanorods to an electromagnetic radiation signal as a periodic sine function. This fluctuating optical response is transduced to frequency peaks via Fourier transform surface plasmon resonance (FTSPR). As a driving frequency of the external magnetic field applied to the Au/Ni/Au nanorods increases and reaches above a critical threshold, there is a transition from the synchronous motion of nanorods to asynchronous responses, leading to the disappearance of the FTSPR peak, which allows us to measure the local viscosity of the complex fluids. Using this ensemble-based method with plasmonic functional nanomaterials, we measure the intracellular viscosity of cancer cells and normal cells in a reliable and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Insub Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbaek Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkeun Ih
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Gyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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39
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Wang Z, Lu R, Wang W, Tian FB, Feng JJ, Sui Y. A computational model for the transit of a cancer cell through a constricted microchannel. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023:10.1007/s10237-023-01705-6. [PMID: 36854992 PMCID: PMC10366299 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a three-dimensional computational model to simulate the transient deformation of suspended cancer cells flowing through a constricted microchannel. We model the cell as a liquid droplet enclosed by a viscoelastic membrane, and its nucleus as a smaller stiffer capsule. The cell deformation and its interaction with the suspending fluid are solved through a well-tested immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method. To identify a minimal mechanical model that can quantitatively predict the transient cell deformation in a constricted channel, we conduct extensive parametric studies of the effects of the rheology of the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus and compare the results with a recent experiment conducted on human leukaemia cells. We find that excellent agreement with the experiment can be achieved by employing a viscoelastic cell membrane model with the membrane viscosity depending on its mode of deformation (shear versus elongation). The cell nucleus limits the overall deformation of the whole cell, and its effect increases with the nucleus size. The present computational model may be used to guide the design of microfluidic devices to sort cancer cells, or to inversely infer cell mechanical properties from their flow-induced deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - R Lu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - W Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - F B Tian
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - J J Feng
- Departments of Mathematics and Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Y Sui
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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40
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Hou D, Xu Y, Yan J, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Chen Y. Intracellularly Self-Assembled 2D Materials Induce Apoptotic Cell Death by Impeding Cytosolic Transport. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3055-3063. [PMID: 36688625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using a photochemically isomerizable cucurbit[6]uril derivative as a building block, we succeeded in generating a large number of oversized 2D materials within the cytosol of a living cell via controlled self-assembly. Fluorescence recovery after a photobleaching assay indicated that the resulting 2D material pieces posed discernible hindrance to not only diffusive spreading but also motor-driven motion of intracellular components in the cytosol, which eventually induced apoptotic cell death. Such behavior was seldom observed in previous 2D material-bearing cells prepared by endocytosis, as the total lateral size constituted by the endocytosed 2D materials per cell failed to exceed a threshold level, leading to a tortuosity of transport path inadequate to impede cytosolic transport in an appreciable manner. By varying the initial concentration of the building block, the existence of such a threshold was experimentally demonstrated from the relationship between the flow cytometry side scatter of the treated cells and corresponding cell viability. With the otherwise well-regulated cytosolic transport dynamics of living cells being physically altered, therapeutics with a new mechanism of action that counteracts drug resistance or intracellular platforms that advance our understanding of subcellular pathology of certain intractable diseases are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Hou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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41
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Fang H, Chen Y, Jiang Z, He W, Guo Z. Fluorescent Probes for Biological Species and Microenvironments: from Rational Design to Bioimaging Applications. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:258-269. [PMID: 36652599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Some important biological species and microenvironments maintain a complex and delicate dynamic balance in life systems, participating in the regulation of various physiological processes and playing indispensable roles in maintaining the healthy development of living bodies. Disruption of their homeostasis in living organisms can cause various diseases and even death. Therefore, real time monitoring of these biological species and microenvironments during different physiological and pathological processes is of great significance. Fluorescent-probe-based techniques have been recognized as one of the most powerful tools for real time imaging in biological samples. In this Account, we introduce the representative works from our group in the field of fluorescent probes for biological imaging capable of detecting metal ions, small bioactive molecules, and the microenvironment. The design strategies of small molecule fluorescent probes and their applications in biological imaging will be discussed. By regulating the design strategy and mechanism (e.g., ICT, PeT, and FRET) of the electronic and spectral characteristics of the fluorescent platforms, these chemical probes show high selectivity and diverse functions, which can be used for imaging of various physiological and pathological processes. Through the exploration of the rational response mechanism and design strategy, combined with a variety of imaging techniques, such as super-resolution imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, etc., we have realized multimode imaging of the important biological analytes from the subcellular level to the in vivo level, which provides powerful means to study the physiological and pathological functions of these species and microenvironments. This Account aims to offer insights and inspiration for the development of novel fluorescent probes for biological imaging, which could provide powerful tools for the study of chemical biology. Overall, we represent a series of turn-on/turn-off/ratiometric fluorescent/PA probes to visually and dynamically trace biological species and microenvironments in cells and even in vivo that seek higher resolution and depth molecular imaging to improve diagnostic methods and clarify new discoveries related to chemical biology. Our future efforts will be devoted to developing multiorganelle targeted fluorescent probes to study the mechanism of subcellular organelle interaction and employing various dual-mode probes of NIR II and PA imaging to investigate the development of related diseases and treat the related diseases at subcellular and in vivo levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, 3-1 Xinjinhu Road, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, 3-1 Xinjinhu Road, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, 3-1 Xinjinhu Road, Nanjing 211899, China
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42
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-based hydroxyl and superoxide radical production for oxidative stress biological simulations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for diagnosis of cancer cells/tissues. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Curtsinger HD, Zeng X, Mather Z, Ballyk M, Phan TA, Niu B, Pu J, Bartee MY, Tian JP, Bartee E. High Levels of Extracellular Potassium Can Delay Myxoma Virus Replication by Preventing Release of Virions from the Endosomes. J Virol 2023; 97:e0129422. [PMID: 36602363 PMCID: PMC9888205 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01294-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the most abundant cations in the human body. Under normal conditions, the vast majority of K+ is found within cells, and the extracellular [K+] is tightly regulated to within 3.0 to 5.0 mM. However, it has recently been shown that high levels of localized necrosis can increase the extracellular concentration of K+ to above 50 mM. This raises the possibility that elevated extracellular K+ might influence a variety of biological processes that occur within regions of necrotic tissue. For example, K+ has been shown to play a central role in the replication cycles of numerous viral families, and in cases of lytic infection, localized regions containing large numbers of necrotic cells can be formed. Here, we show that the replication of the model poxvirus myxoma virus (MYXV) is delayed by elevated levels of extracellular K+. These increased K+ concentrations alter the cellular endocytic pathway, leading to increased phagocytosis but a loss of endosomal/lysosomal segregation. This slows the release of myxoma virus particles from the endosomes, resulting in delays in genome synthesis and infectious particle formation as well as reduced viral spread. Additionally, mathematical modeling predicts that the extracellular K+ concentrations required to impact myxoma virus replication can be reached in viral lesions under a variety of conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that the extracellular [K+] plays a role in determining the outcomes of myxoma infection and that this effect could be physiologically relevant during pathogenic infection. IMPORTANCE Intracellular K+ homeostasis has been shown to play a major role in the replication of numerous viral families. However, the potential impact of altered extracellular K+ concentrations is less well understood. Our work demonstrates that increased concentrations of extracellular K+ can delay the replication cycle of the model poxvirus MYXV by inhibiting virion release from the endosomes. Additionally, mathematical modeling predicts that the levels of extracellular K+ required to impact MYXV replication can likely be reached during pathogenic infection. These results suggest that localized viral infection can alter K+ homeostasis and that these alterations might directly affect viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Curtsinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xianyi Zeng
- Department of Mathematics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zaira Mather
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas—El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Ballyk
- Department of Mathematics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tuan Anh Phan
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology—Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mee Y. Bartee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jianjun Paul Tian
- Department of Mathematics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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45
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Zong W, Shao X, Li J, Chai Y, Hu X, Zhang X. Synthetic Intracellular Environments: From Basic Science to Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:535-549. [PMID: 36625127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Qiqihar161006, China
| | - Xiaotong Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Qiqihar161006, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Qiqihar161006, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis for Fine Chemicals, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar161006, China
| | - Yunhe Chai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Qiqihar161006, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices (Wenzhou), College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Xunan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Qiqihar161006, China
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Roy S, Vaippully R, Lokesh M, Nalupurackal G, Edwina P, Bajpai S, Roy B. Comparison of translational and rotational modes towards passive rheology of the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells using optical tweezers. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2023; 10:1099958. [PMID: 36685106 PMCID: PMC7614090 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.1099958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A colloidal particle placed inside the cell cytoplasm is enmeshed within a network of cytoskeletal fibres immersed in the cytosolic fluid. The translational mode is believed to yield different rheological parameters than the rotational mode, given that these modes stretch the fibers differently. We compare the parameters for Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells in this manuscript and find that the results are well comparable to each other. At low values of 0 Hz viscosity, the rotational and translational viscoelasticity matches well. However, discrepancies appear at higher values which may indicate that the cytoskeletal modes involved in rotation and translation of the particle are getting invoked. We also show that the 0 Hz viscosity increases as the cell ages under the conditions of constant room temperature of 25°C on the sample chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rahul Vaippully
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Muruga Lokesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gokul Nalupurackal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Privita Edwina
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Saumendra Bajpai
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging reveals a significant cell nuclear viscosity and refractive index changes upon DNA damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:422. [PMID: 36624137 PMCID: PMC9829731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic viscosity is a crucial parameter in determining rates of diffusion-limited reactions. Changes in viscosity are associated with several diseases, whilst nuclear viscosity determines gene integrity, regulation and expression. Yet how drugs including DNA-damaging agents affect viscosity is unknown. We demonstrate the use of a platinum complex, Pt[L]Cl, that localizes efficiently mostly in the nucleus as a probe for nuclear viscosity. The phosphorescence lifetime of Pt[L]Cl is sensitive to viscosity and provides an excellent tool to investigate the impact of DNA damage. We show using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) that the lifetime of both green and red fluorescent proteins (FP) are also sensitive to changes in cellular viscosity and refractive index. However, Pt[L]Cl proved to be a more sensitive viscosity probe, by virtue of microsecond phosphorescence lifetime versus nanosecond fluorescence lifetime of FP, hence greater sensitivity to bimolecular reactions. DNA damage was inflicted by either a two-photon excitation, one-photon excitation microbeam and X-rays. DNA damage of live cells causes significant increase in the lifetime of either Pt[L]Cl (HeLa cells, 12.5-14.1 µs) or intracellularly expressed mCherry (HEK293 cells, 1.54-1.67 ns), but a decrease in fluorescence lifetime of GFP from 2.65 to 2.29 ns (in V15B cells). These values represent a viscosity change from 8.59 to 20.56 cP as well as significant changes in the refractive index (RI), according to independent calibration. Interestingly DNA damage localized to a submicron region following a laser microbeam induction showed a whole cell viscosity change, with those in the nucleus being greater than the cytoplasm. We also found evidence of a by-stander effect, whereby adjacent un-irradiated cells also showed nuclear viscosity change. Finally, an increase in viscosity following DNA damage was also observed in bacterial cells with an over-expressed mNeonGreen FP, evidenced by the change in its lifetime from 2.8 to 2.4 ns.
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Fang H, Hu L, Chen Q, Geng S, Qiu K, Wang C, Hao M, Tian Z, Chen H, Liu L, Guan JL, Chen Y, Dong L, Guo Z, He W, Diao J. An ER-targeted "reserve-release" fluorogen for topological quantification of reticulophagy. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121929. [PMID: 36455487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum's (ER) dynamic nature, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, can be influenced by stress-induced damage, which can be assessed by examining the morphology of ER dynamics and, more locally, ER properties such as hydrophobicity, viscosity, and polarity. Although numerous ER-specific chemical probes have been developed to monitor the ER's physical and chemical parameters, the quantitative detection and super-resolution imaging of its local hydrophobicity have yet to be explored. Here, we describe a photostable ER-targeted probe with high signal-to-noise ratio for super-resolution imaging that can specifically respond to changes in ER hydrophobicity under stress based on a "reserve-release" mechanism. The probe shows an excellent ability to target ER over commercial ER dyes and can be used to track local changes of hydrophobicity by fluorescence intensity and morphology during the selective autophagy of ER (i.e., reticulophagy). By correlating the level and location of ER damage with the distribution of fluorescence intensity, we were able to assess reticulophagy at the subcellular level. Beyond that, we developed a topological analytical tool adaptable to any ER probe for detecting structural changes in ER and thus quantitatively identifying reticulophagy. The algorithm-assisted tool can also be adapted to a wide range of molecular probes and organelles. Altogether, the new probe and analytical strategy described here show promise for the quantitative detection and analysis of subtle ER damage and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianting Hu
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China; School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chengjun Wang
- Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Limited Company, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Huimin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Moran SJ, Puckett S, Ornelles DA, Macosko JC, Holzwarth G, Lyles DS. Dynamic Actin Filament Traps Mediate Active Diffusion of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Ribonucleoproteins. J Virol 2022; 96:e0093422. [PMID: 36135365 PMCID: PMC9555154 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00934-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed variational Bayesian analysis using pattern recognition and machine learning of single viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle tracks in the cytoplasm of living cells provides a quantitative molecular explanation for active diffusion, a concept previously "explained" largely by hypothetical models based on indirect analyses such as continuum microrheology. Machine learning shows that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) RNP particles are temporarily confined to dynamic traps or pores made up of cytoskeletal elements. Active diffusion occurs when the particles escape from one trap to a nearby trap. In this paper, we demonstrate that actin filament disruption increased RNP mobility by increasing trap size. Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II ATPase decreased mobility by decreasing trap size. Trap sizes were observed to fluctuate with time, dependent on nonmuscle myosin II activity. This model for active diffusion is likely to account for the dominant motion of other viral and cellular elements. IMPORTANCE RNA virus ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are too large to freely diffuse in the host cytoplasm, yet their dominant motions consist of movements in random directions that resemble diffusion. We show that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) RNPs overcome limitations on diffusion in the host cytoplasm by hopping between traps formed in part by actin filaments and that these traps expand and contract by nonmuscle myosin II ATPase activity. ATP-dependent random motion of cellular particles has been termed "active diffusion." Thus, these mechanisms are applicable to active diffusion of other cellular and viral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Moran
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelby Puckett
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A. Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jed C. Macosko
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - George Holzwarth
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas S. Lyles
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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50
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Stevens DA, Beierschmitt C, Mahesula S, Corley MR, Salogiannis J, Tsu BV, Cao B, Ryan AP, Hakozawki H, Reck-Peterson SL, Daugherty MD. Antiviral function and viral antagonism of the rapidly evolving dynein activating adaptor NINL. eLife 2022; 11:e81606. [PMID: 36222652 PMCID: PMC9651953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses interact with the intracellular transport machinery to promote viral replication. Such host-virus interactions can drive host gene adaptation, leaving signatures of pathogen-driven evolution in host genomes. Here, we leverage these genetic signatures to identify the dynein activating adaptor, ninein-like (NINL), as a critical component in the antiviral innate immune response and as a target of viral antagonism. Unique among genes encoding components of active dynein complexes, NINL has evolved under recurrent positive (diversifying) selection, particularly in its carboxy-terminal cargo-binding region. Consistent with a role for NINL in host immunity, we demonstrate that NINL knockout cells exhibit an impaired response to interferon, resulting in increased permissiveness to viral replication. Moreover, we show that proteases encoded by diverse picornaviruses and coronaviruses cleave and disrupt NINL function in a host- and virus-specific manner. Our work reveals the importance of NINL in the antiviral response and the utility of using signatures of host-virus genetic conflicts to uncover new components of antiviral immunity and targets of viral antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donté Alexander Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Swetha Mahesula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Miles R Corley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - John Salogiannis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Brian V Tsu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Bryant Cao
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Andrew P Ryan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozawki
- Nikon Imaging Center at UC San Diego, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Samara L Reck-Peterson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Matthew D Daugherty
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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