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Haridevamuthu B, Ranjan Nayak SPR, Murugan R, Pachaiappan R, Ayub R, Aljawdah HM, Arokiyaraj S, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Prophylactic effects of apigenin against hyperglycemia-associated amnesia via activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in zebrafish. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176680. [PMID: 38810716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The escalating focus on ageing-associated disease has generated substantial interest in the phenomenon of cognitive impairment linked to diabetes. Hyperglycemia exacerbates oxidative stress, contributes to β-amyloid accumulation, disrupts mitochondrial function, and impairs cognitive function. Existing therapies have certain limitations, and apigenin (AG), a natural plant flavonoid, has piqued interest due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. So, we anticipate that AG might be a preventive medicine for hyperglycemia-associated amnesia. To test our hypothesis, naïve zebrafish were trained to acquire memory and pretreated with AG. Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to mimic hyperglycemia-induced memory dysfunction. Spatial memory was assessed by T-maze and object recognition through visual stimuli. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, antioxidant enzyme status, and neuroinflammatory genes were measured, and histopathology was performed in the brain to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism. AG exhibits a prophylactic effect and improves spatial learning and discriminative memory of STZ-induced amnesia in zebrafish under hyperglycemic conditions. AG also reduces blood glucose levels, brain oxidative stress, and AChE activity, enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. AG prevented neuronal damage by regulating brain antioxidant response elements (ARE), collectively contributing to neuroprotective properties. AG demonstrates a promising effect in alleviating memory dysfunction and mitigating pathological changes via activation of the Nrf2/ARE mechanism. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of AG in addressing memory dysfunction and neurodegenerative changes associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S P Ramya Ranjan Nayak
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashid Ayub
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M Aljawdah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Haridevamuthu B, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Kathiravan MK, Manikandan K, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Arockiaraj J. Daidzein ameliorates nonmotor symptoms of manganese-induced Parkinsonism in zebrafish model: Behavioural and biochemical approach. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2947-2963. [PMID: 38679467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Environmental factors, especially manganese (Mn), contribute significantly to PD. Existing therapies are focused on motor coordination, whereas nonmotor features such as neuropsychiatric symptoms are often neglected. Daidzein (DZ), a phytoestrogen, has piqued interest due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, we anticipate that DZ might be an effective drug to alleviate the nonmotor symptoms of Mn-induced Parkinsonism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Naïve zebrafish were exposed to 2 mM of Mn for 21 days and intervened with DZ. Nonmotor symptoms such as anxiety, social behaviour, and olfactory function were assessed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant enzyme status were measured from brain tissue through biochemical assays. Dopamine levels and histology were performed to elucidate neuroprotective mechanism of DZ. KEY RESULTS DZ exhibited anxiolytic effects in a novel environment and also improved intra and inter fish social behaviour. DZ improved the olfactory function and response to amino acid stimuli in Mn-induced Parkinsonism. DZ reduced brain oxidative stress and AChE activity and prevented neuronal damage. DZ increased DA level in the brain, collectively contributing to neuroprotection. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DZ demonstrated a promising effect on alleviating nonmotor symptoms such as anxiety and olfactory dysfunction, through the mitigation of cellular damage. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of DZ in addressing nonmotor neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals, particularly in the context of Mn-induced Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Haridevamuthu
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600105, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600105, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Muthu Kumaradoss Kathiravan
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Krishnan Manikandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Haridevamuthu B, Nayak SPRR, Murugan R, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Manikandan K, Chitra V, H Almutairi M, O Almutairi B, Kathiravan MK, Arockiaraj J. Co-occurrence of azorubine and bisphenol A in beverages increases the risk of developmental toxicity: A study in zebrafish model. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114861. [PMID: 38992409 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The prevalent use of Azorubine (E122) and the unintentional food additive, Bisphenol A (BPA), in ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages raises significant health concerns, especially for children. The combined impact on embryonic development must be explored despite individual safety assessments. Our investigation revealed that the combined exposure of E122 and BPA at beverage concentration significantly induces mortality and morphological deformities, including reduced growth, pericardial edema, and yolk sac edema. The co-exposure triggers oxidative stress, impairing antioxidant enzyme responses and resulting in lipid and cellular damage. Notably, apoptotic cells are observed in the neural tube and notochord of the co-exposed larvae. Critical genes related to the antioxidant response elements (nrf2, ho1, and nqo1), apoptosis activation (bcl2, bax, and p53), and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (nfkb, tnfa, il1b, tgfb, il10, and il12) displayed substantial changes, highlighting the molecular mechanisms. Behavior studies indicated hypo-locomotion with reduced thigmotaxis and touch response in co-exposed larvae, distinguishing it from individual exposures. These findings underscore the neurodevelopmental impacts of E122 and BPA at reported beverage concentrations, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive safety assessments, particularly for child consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S P Ramya Ranjan Nayak
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 600077, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Manikandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellapandian Chitra
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M K Kathiravan
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Priya PS, Pratiksha Nandhini P, Vaishnavi S, Pavithra V, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Pachaiappan R, Arockiaraj J. Rhodamine B, an organic environmental pollutant induces reproductive toxicity in parental and teratogenicity in F1 generation in vivo. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109898. [PMID: 38508353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of rhodamine B in zebrafish and its transgenerational effects on the F1 generation. In silico toxicity predictions revealed high toxicity of rhodamine B, mainly targeting pathways associated with the reproductive and endocrine systems. In vivo experiments on zebrafish demonstrated that rhodamine B exposure at a concentration of 1.5 mg/L led to significant impairments in fecundity parameters, particularly affecting females. Histopathological analysis revealed distinct changes in reproductive organs, further confirming the reproductive toxicity of rhodamine B, with females being more susceptible than males. Gene expression studies indicated significant suppression of genes crucial for ovulation in rhodamine B-treated female fish, highlighting hormonal imbalance as a potential mechanism of reproductive toxicity. Furthermore, bioaccumulation studies showed the presence of rhodamine B in both adult fish gonads and F1 generation samples, suggesting transgenerational transfer of the dye. Embryotoxicity studies on F1 generation larvae demonstrated reduced survival rates, lower hatching rates, and increased malformations in groups exposed to rhodamine B. Moreover, rhodamine B induced oxidative stress in F1 generation larvae, as evidenced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and altered antioxidant enzyme activity. Neurotoxicity assessments revealed reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, indicating potential neurological impairments in F1 generation larvae. Additionally, locomotory defects and skeletal abnormalities were observed in F1 generation larvae exposed to rhodamine B. This study provides comprehensive evidence of the reproductive toxicity of rhodamine B in adult zebrafish and its transgenerational effects on the F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Pratiksha Nandhini
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vaishnavi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Pavithra
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Guru A, Murugan R, Arockiaraj J. Histone acetyltransferases derived RW20 protects and promotes rapid clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in zebrafish larvae. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:25-35. [PMID: 37335389 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas is a group of bacteria that can cause a wide range of infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with cystic fibrosis or who are hospitalized. It can also cause infections in the skin and soft tissue, including cellulitis, abscesses and wound infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPS) are the alternative strategy due to their broad spectrum of activity and act as effective treatment against multi-drug resistance pathogens. In this study, we have used an AMP, RW20 (1RPVKRKKGWPKGVKRGPPKW20). RW20 peptide is derived from the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) of the freshwater teleost, Channa striatus. The antimicrobial prediction tool has been utilized to identify the RW20 sequence from the HATs sequence. We synthesized the peptide to explore its mechanism of action. In an in vitro assay, RW20 was challenged against P. aeruginosa and we showed that RW20 displayed antibacterial properties and damaged the cell membrane. The mechanism of action of RW20 against P. aeruginosa has been established via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) as well as fluorescence assisted cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Both these experiments established that RW20 caused bacterial membrane disruption and cell death. Moreover, the impact of RW20, in-vivo, was tested against P. aeruginosa-infected zebrafish larvae. In the infected larvae, RW20 showed protective effect against P. aeruginosa by increasing the larval antioxidant enzymes, reducing the excess oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, it is possible that HATs-derived RW20 can be an efficient antimicrobial molecule against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Boopathi S, Mendonca E, Gandhi A, Rady A, Darwish NM, Arokiyaraj S, Kumar TTA, Pachaiappan R, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Exploring the Combined Effect of Exercise and Apigenin on Aluminium-Induced Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03913-2. [PMID: 38191695 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium (AL) is a strong environmental neurotoxin linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Widespread industrial use leads to its presence in water systems, causing bioaccumulation in organisms. This, in turn, results in the bioaccumulation of AL in various organisms. Several studies have highlighted the benefits of enhanced physical activity in combating neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile widespread presence of apigenin in aquatic environment has been largely overlooked, in terms of its potential to counter AL-induced neurotoxicity. The combined impact of exercise and apigenin in mitigating the effects of AL-induced neurotoxicity in aquatic animals remains unexplored. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine whether the combined treatment of exercise and apigenin can effectively alleviate the chronic neurotoxicity induced by AL. Zebrafish that were exposed to AL showed behaviours resembling anxiety, increased aggression, unusual swimming pattern, and memory impairment, which are typical features observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like syndrome. Combined treatment of exercise and apigenin protects zebrafish from AL-induced neurotoxicity, which was measured by improvements in memory, reduced anxiety and aggression, and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, AL exposure is associated with increased expression of genes related to neuroinflammation and AD. However, synergistic effect of exercise and apigenin counteract this effect in AL-treated zebrafish. These findings suggest that AL is involved in neurodegenerative diseases in fish, which could affect the integrity of aquatic ecosystem. Hence, there is a strong correlation between enhanced physical activity, apigenin, and the well-being of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenivasan Boopathi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Edrea Mendonca
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Akash Gandhi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbasaya, P.O. Box, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | | | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India.
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Haridevamuthu B, Murugan R, Seenivasan B, Meenatchi R, Pachaiappan R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, M K K, Arockiaraj J. Synthetic azo-dye, Tartrazine induces neurodevelopmental toxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132524. [PMID: 37741213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Tartrazine (TZ), or E 102 or C Yellow, is a commonly used azo dye in the food and dyeing industries. Its excessive usage beyond permissible levels threatens human health and the aquatic environment. While previous studies have reported adverse effects such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the developmental neurotoxicity of TZ exposure via biochemical and behavioral examinations and explored the underlying mechanism via gene expression analyses. TZ at an environmentally relevant concentration (50 mg/L) significantly induces oxidative stress, altered antioxidant (SOD, CAT and GSH) response, triggered cellular damage (MDA and LDH), and induced neuro-biochemical changes (AChE and NO). Gene expression analyses revealed broad disruptions in genes associated with antioxidant defense (sod1, cat, and gstp1), mitochondrial dysfunction (mfn2, opa1, and fis1),evoked inflammatory response (nfkb, tnfa, and il1b), apoptosis activation (bcl2, bax, and p53), and neural development (bdnf, mbp, and syn2a). Behavioral analysis indicated altered thigmotaxis, touch response, and locomotion depending on the concentration of TZ exposure. Remarkably, the observed effective concentrations were consistent with the permitted levels in food products, highlighting the neurodevelopmental effects of TZ at environmentally relevant concentrations. These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, contributing to TZ-induced neurodevelopmental disorders in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boopathi Seenivasan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Kathiravan M K
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Haridevamuthu B, Murugan R, Seenivasan B, Meenatchi R, Pachaiappan R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, M. K K, Arockiaraj J. Synthetic azo-dye, Tartrazine induces neurodevelopmental toxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132524. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
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Haridevamuthu B, Raj D, Kesavan D, Muthuraman S, Kumar RS, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Trihydroxy piperlongumine protects aluminium induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish: Behavioral and biochemical approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109600. [PMID: 36889534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is proven to be a potent environmental neurotoxin involved in progressive neurodegeneration. Al primarily induces oxidative stress by free radical generation in the brain, followed by neuronal apoptosis. Antioxidants are promising therapeutic options for Al toxicity. Piperlongumine is traditionally long known for its medicinal properties. Therefore, the present study has been designed to explore the antioxidant role of trihydroxy piperlongumine (THPL) against Al-induced neurotoxicity in the zebrafish model. Zebrafish exposed to AlCl3 exhibited higher oxidative stress and altered locomotion. Adult fish displayed anxiety comorbid with depression phenotype. THPL increases antioxidant enzyme activity by quenching Al-induced free radicals and lipid peroxidation, thus minimizing oxidative damage in the brain. THPL rescues behavior deficits and improves anxiety-like phenotype in adult fish. Histological alterations caused by Al were also attenuated on administration with THPL. Results of the study demonstrate the neuroprotective role of THPL against Al-induced oxidative damage and anxiety, which could be exploited as a psychopharmacological drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. https://twitter.com/haridevamuthub
| | - David Raj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Kesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Haridevamuthu B, Manjunathan T, Wilson Alphonse CR, Kumar RS, Thanigaivel S, Chandra Kishore S, Sundaram V, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J, Bellucci S. Functionalized Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Analogs Induce Sub-G1 Arrest and Apoptotic Cell Death of Laryngeal Carcinoma In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041856. [PMID: 36838844 PMCID: PMC9963856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we speculate that the hydroxyl-containing benzo[b]thiophene analogs, 1-(3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) ethanone (BP) and 1-(3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) propan-1-one hydrate (EP), might possess antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Hydroxyl-containing BP and EP show selectivity towards laryngeal cancer cells (HEp2), with IC50 values of 27.02 ± 1.23 and 35.26 ± 2.15 µM, respectively. The hydroxyl group present in the third position is responsible for the anticancer activity and is completely abrogated when the hydroxyl group is masked. BP and EP enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce the ROS production, which are correlated with the antiproliferative effect in HEp-2 cells. An increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio occurs during the BP and EP treatment and activates the caspase cascade, resulting in apoptosis stimulation. It also arrests the cells in the Sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis. The molecular docking and simulation studies predicted a strong interaction between BP and the CYP1A2 protein, which could aid in combinational therapy by enhancing the bioavailability of the drugs. BP and EP possess an antioxidant property with low antiproliferative effects (~5.18 µg/mL and ~7.8 µg/mL) as a standalone drug, therefore, they can be combined with other drugs for effective chemotherapy that might trigger the effect of pro-oxidant drug on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vickram Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN—Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.A.); (S.B.)
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11
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Haridevamuthu B, Guru A, Murugan R, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. Neuroprotective effect of Biochanin a against Bisphenol A-induced prenatal neurotoxicity in zebrafish by modulating oxidative stress and locomotory defects. Neurosci Lett 2022; 790:136889. [PMID: 36179902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous toxicants cause oxidative stress and damage to brain cells, resulting in inflammation. Neuroinflammation is important in the pathobiology of various neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this context, Bisphenol A (BPA), a common toxin, causes oxidative damage and has been linked to neurological problems. An O-methylated isoflavone known as Biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavone, BCA) is considered to be a phytoestrogen, which is abundant in some legume plants and soy which have preventive effects against cancer, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms and oxidative stress. However, the mechanism by which BCA protected the prenatal neurological stress are not known. So that, in this study we investigated the BCA neuroprotective effect against BPA-induced neuroinflammation in zebrafish embryo models. For this study, fertilized zebrafish embryos are exposed to BPA (1 µM) with or without BCA. Our finding suggested that BCA co-exposure prevented the depletion of antioxidant defense enzymes by BPA and reduced the production of intracellular ROS production, superoxide anion (O2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the head that aided in safeguarding neuronal development. Baseline locomotion was rendered and a total distance was calculated to assess the motor function. Exposure to BCA increased acetylcholinestrase (AChE) and improved motor neuron functions. It also reduced the pro-inflammatory response expression and prevented neuroinflammation. Our study suggests that BCA has a positive role in the attenuation or amelioration of neuronal oxidative damage and locomotory behaviour induced by BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, Austin TX 78712, USA
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Red Palm Oil Ameliorates Oxidative Challenge and Inflammatory Responses Associated with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Injury by Modulating NF-κβ and Nrf2/GCL/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081629. [PMID: 36009348 PMCID: PMC9404920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-conserved cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria, exerts its toxic effects via inducing oxidative and pro-inflammatory responses. Red palm oil (RPO) is a unique natural product with a balanced ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assess the protective effect and mechanistic action of RPO using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury model. Male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (10 animals/group): normal control (NC), RPO, LPS and RPO + LPS. Animals in the RPO and RPO + LPS groups were administered RPO (200 μL/day) for 28 days. On the 27th day of experiment, animals in LPS and RPO + LPS groups were injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg body weight). Animals were sacrificed 24 h later, and blood and liver tissues harvested for biochemical and molecular analysis. RPO resolved hepatic histological dysfunction induced by LPS, and lowered alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities in the serum. Hepatic malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNFα were significantly diminished (p < 0.05) by RPO pre-treatment. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione redox status (GSH:GSSG), and markers of antioxidant capacity that decreased as a result of LPS injection were improved by RPO pre-treatment. Mechanistically, RPO up-regulated mRNA expression of redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream targets GCL and HO-1, while also suppressing the expression of NFκβ and associated inflammatory protein, Iκβ kinase (IκKβ). In conclusion, this study highlights the ameliorating effects of RPO against LPS-induced hepatic injury and revealed the Nrf2/GCL/HO-1 and NFκβ signaling axis as potential contributing mechanisms.
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13
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Haridevamuthu B, Manjunathan T, Guru A, Ranjith Wilson Alphonse C, Boopathi S, Murugan R, Gatasheh MK, Atef Hatamleh A, Juliet A, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Amelioration of acrylamide induced neurotoxicity by benzo[b]thiophene analogs via glutathione redox dynamics in zebrafish larvae. Brain Res 2022; 1788:147941. [PMID: 35550141 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a thermal process contaminant, which gets global attention due to its neurotoxic nature and its omnipresence in carbohydrate-rich foods. Chronic exposure to acrylamide leads to neuronal deterioration and motor dysfunction. Acrylamide could severely affect the antioxidant defense system, especially in the developing brain leading to premature neurological disorders. Acrylamide forms adduct in presynaptic neurons leading to neuroinflammation which is also a factor to consider. In this present study, we have explored whether our benzo[b]thiophene analogs, 1-(3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) ethanone (BP) and 1-(3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) propan-1-one hydrate (EP) with antioxidant activity, could inhibit the acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity-like behavior in zebrafish larvae. The experiment was set up to expose 3 days post fertilized (dpf) larvae to acrylamide (0.75 mM) for 3 days with or without compounds (80 µM). Locomotion behavioral analysis, antioxidants, glutathione, and acetylcholineesterase activity in the head region were analyzed after one day of the experimental procedure. We witnessed a restoration effect on glutathione redox dynamics. Since glutathione plays a crucial role in the detoxification of acrylamide, it is necessary to maintain the glutathione redox cycle to eliminate acrylamide from the body. BP and EP reduced the pro-inflammatory transcript in the head, which correlates with the reduction in oxidative stress. Finally, BP and EP showed a positive effect on synaptic vesicle cycling transcript and partially restores the motor neuron response to stimuli. Findings in this study showed the ability of compound BP and EP possess therapeutic value in oxidative stress-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seenivasan Boopathi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Nethengwe M, Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO, Brooks NL. Ameliorative effects of Anchomanes difformis aqueous extract against oxidative stress in the testes and epididymis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3122-3132. [PMID: 35355957 PMCID: PMC8958322 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a central trait of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is linked to an increase in free radical generation and oxidative stress in the testes, resulting in testicular tissue damage and male infertility. Synthetic medicines are commonly used to manage diabetes; however, they are costly and associated with adverse effects. As a result, the search for a safer and affordable alternative from medicinal plants that contain antioxidants has become imperative to scavenge free radicals caused by hyperglycaemia, thereby alleviating male reproductive dysfunction. Therefore, the present aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of Anchomanes difformis aqueous extract against oxidative stress in the testes and epididymis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. A total of 64 male Wistar rats (eight weeks old) weighing 180 ± 10 mg/kg were divided into seven groups at random. Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and a 10% fructose injection intraperitoneally using 40 mg/kg body weight rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and ferric reducing antioxidant (FRAP) as well as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values were used to establish the testicular oxidative status. It was found that A. difformis extract significantly (p < 0.05) lowered MDA levels in diabetic rats. Both CAT and SOD activity were significantly (p < 0.05) lower following induction of DM and increased (p < 0.05) after treating with A. difformis. The findings of this study show that A. difformis extract could be a promising source of lead compounds for the development of a therapeutic agent to treat male infertility caused by DM complications.
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Leaf Extracts of Anchomanes difformis Ameliorated Kidney and Pancreatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetes. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020300. [PMID: 33562428 PMCID: PMC7914445 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease in diabetes is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus implicated in end-stage renal failure. This study explored the ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate kidney and pancreatic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus using male Wistar rats. Two weeks of fructose (10%) administration followed by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Leaf extract (aqueous) of Anchomanes difformis (200 mg and 400 mg/kgBW) was administered orally for six weeks. Body weights were monitored, urea and creatinine were measured. Interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and TNFα were measured in the kidney lysate. CAT, SOD, ORAC, FRAP, and MDA levels were also evaluated in the kidney. Transcription factors (Nrf2 and NF-ĸB/p65) and apoptotic markers (Bcl2 and caspase 3) were investigated in the kidney. Histological sections of the pancreas and kidney tissues were examined for any visible pathology. Supplementation with Anchomanesdifformis enhanced antioxidant status, modulated inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis in the kidney. It also restored the kidney and pancreatic histoarchitecture of the treated diabetic rats. The pathophysiology associated with diabetic nephropathy and pancreatic damage showcase the importance of exploring the use of antidiabetic, nephroprotective agents such as Anchomanes difformis to kidney damage in type 2 diabetes.
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16
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Akuru EA, Oyeagu CE, Mpendulo TC, Rautenbach F, Oguntibeju OO. Effect of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L) peel powder meal dietary supplementation on antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broilers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05709. [PMID: 33364487 PMCID: PMC7750561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broiler birds fed diets supplemented with pomegranate peel powder meal (PPPM). During the 35-d feeding trial, broiler birds were fed six experimental diets: diet with 0% additives (negative control; NEGCON); diet with α-Tocopherol acetate at 200 g/tonne (positive control; POSCON); and four levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg) of PPPM, designated as PPPM2, PPPM4, PPPM6, and PPPM8. Breast muscle pH was determined 15mins and 24hrs postmortem. The breast muscles were then stored at 4 °C to determine shelf-life attributes (pH, colour, hue angle, and chroma) for 16 days. Meat from the 8 g/kg PPPM had the highest thawing loss, whereas cooking loss was lowest at 2 g/kg PPPM inclusion. The meat of birds fed 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg PPPM had the highest (P<0.05) ability to scavenge the ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+), whereas, catalase activity was increased at 8 g/kg PPPM. The results obtained in this study indicate that 2 g/kg supplementation of pomegranate peel powder meal significantly improved the water-binding capacity of broiler breast meat, owing to the reduced cooking loss of the meat, and meat from the PPPM2 (2 g/kg) group had the highest ability to scavenge ABTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice A Akuru
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chika E Oyeagu
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Private Bag X8, Wellington, 7654, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thando C Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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17
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Antioxidant status and hepato-protective role of Anchomanes difformis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. HERBA POLONICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: The liver is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and their metabolites and it is vulnerable to oxidative damage. Hyperglycaemia is highly implicated in the progression of diabetes mellitus, and adversely affects the liver. Though, conventional hypoglycaemic drugs may be effective in reducing blood glucose, they do not appear to be effective in attenuating the progression of diabetes and its complications.
Objective: This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Anchomanes difformis on hyperglycaemia and hepatic injuries in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg BW) after two weeks of fructose (10%) administration. Aqueous extract of A. difformis (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg BW) were administered orally for six weeks. Blood glucose concentrations were measured. Serum levels of liver dysfunction markers (ALT, AST, and ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were investigated. Total protein, albumin, and globulin were also assessed. Antioxidant parameters: ORAC, GSH, GSSG, SOD, CAT and FRAP were evaluated in the liver while ORAC, FRAP and lipid peroxidation were determined in the serum. Histological examination of the liver tissue was carried out.
Results: Treatment with aqueous extract of A. difformis significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose and reversed steatosis in the diabetic-treated rats. The antioxidant status of diabetic-treated rats was significantly (p<0.05) improved. Serum levels of liver dysfunction markers were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in diabetic-treated rats.
Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed that 400 mg/kgBW Anchomanes difformis was more effective than 200 mg/kg BW in ameliorating diabetes-induced hepatopathy, however, both doses of Anchomanes difformis demonstrated more antidiabetic ability than glibenclamide. Anchomanes difformis may be a novel and potential therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes and resulted hepatic injuries.
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18
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Oguntibeju OO, Aboua Y, Kachepe P. Possible therapeutic effects of vindoline on testicular and epididymal function in diabetes-induced oxidative stress male Wistar rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03817. [PMID: 32373734 PMCID: PMC7191609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the effects of vindoline on testicular and epididymal oxidative stress in diabetes-induced male Wistar rats. METHODS Forty-eight (48), 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 190-230g were divided into 6 groups (n = 8) and used for this study. Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 comprised non-diabetic rats treated with vindoline, and group 3 was the non-diabetic group of rats treated with glibenclamide-the standard drug for the treatment of diabetes. Group 4 was the diabetic control, group 5 comprised diabetic rats treated with vindoline and group 6 was the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in group 4, group 5 and group 6 rats by subjecting them to 10% fructose water over a period of 2 weeks, followed by administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg b.w streptozotocin (STZ). Testicular and epididymal lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzymes, scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were measured. RESULTS Diabetes-induced male Wistar rats demonstrated chronic hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and reduced oxygen radical absorption capacity in both testicular and epididymal tissues. Short-term treatment of diabetic rats with vindoline for 5 weeks significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, minimise testicular oxidative stress, increased testicular and epididymal catalase and epididymal SOD and increase total antioxidant activity capacity. CONCLUSION Treatment with vindoline showed protective effects against diabetes-induced oxidative stress in both testicular and epididymal tissues of male Wistar rats, hence can be considered potential agent in the management of diabetes-induced oxidative stress male sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Yapo Aboua
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag, 13388, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Prisca Kachepe
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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19
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Effects of Anchomanes difformis on Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Organ Toxicity in STZ-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020029. [PMID: 32046294 PMCID: PMC7168158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent hyperglycemia is known to cause enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species in diabetes. Several inflammatory cytokines are induced by oxidative stress, and their release also leads to increased oxidative stress; this makes oxidative stress one of the important factors in the development of chronic inflammation and other immune responses. These have been implicated in the development of diabetic complications such as nephropathy and cardiomyopathy. Anchomanes difformis has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory potential and the antiapoptotic ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate heart toxicity and injury in type II diabetes. Two weeks of fructose (10%) administration followed by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to induce type II diabetes in male Wistar rats. Leaf extract (aqueous) of Anchomanes difformis (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally for six weeks. Blood glucose concentrations and body weights before and after interventions were determined. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were measured in the heart homogenates. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total protein, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) levels were determined. Expressions of transcription factors (Nrf 2 and NFkB/p65) and apoptotic markers were also investigated in the heart. Anchomanesdifformis administration reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased anti-inflammatory markers, and enhanced antioxidant defense in the heart of diabetic treated animals. Anchomanesdifformis is a new, promising therapeutic agent that can be explored for the treatment of pathological conditions associated with immune responses and will be a useful tool in the management of associated diabetic complications.
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Manirafasha C, Rebecca Oyenihi O, Lisa Brooks N, S. du Plessis S, Guillaume Aboua Y. Potential Antioxidative Effects of Kolaviron on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Oguntibeju OO, Aboua Y, Goboza M. Vindoline-A Natural Product from Catharanthus Roseus Reduces Hyperlipidemia and Renal Pathophysiology in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E59. [PMID: 31412679 PMCID: PMC6784200 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and kidney diseases in diabetes are linked to increased mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vindoline derived from Catharanthus roseus in diabetes-induced CVDs and kidney disease through assessing inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemia and kidney function parameters. Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by 10% fructose water intake for two weeks, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of 40mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ). Six groups (n = 8) of randomly divided rats received vindoline (20mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks via oral gavage. Lipid profile markers and markers of atherogenic index were decreased in diabetic rats after treatment with vindoline and glibenclamide. The levels of urea were significantly increased in the diabetic control group (13.66 ± 0.9) compared to the diabetic groups treated with vindoline and glibenclamide (10.62 ± 0.6 and 10.82 ± 0.8), respectively. Vindoline did not significantly alter the levels of inflammatory cytokines; however glibenclamide lowered the levels of TNF-α in kidney and heart tissues. Vindoline improved the ferric reducing antioxidant power in diabetic hearts, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) oxygen radical absorbance capacity was increased in the kidneys. Lipid peroxidation was reduced when compared to the diabetic controls. Vindoline restored the structure of the renal parenchyma and was accompanied by significant decrease in the expression of caspase 9 in diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Yapo Aboua
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mediline Goboza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Sparks C, Marnewick J, Toefy R, Snyman R, Odendaal J. Baseline levels of antioxidant activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the coast of Cape Town, South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:287-293. [PMID: 30803645 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis were determined from samples collected at Scarborough, Hout Bay, Green Point, Milnerton and Bloubergstrand in Cape Town, South Africa. Antioxidant enzyme activity was determined by measuring CAT, SOD and GSH. The total antioxidant capacity was measured using FRAP and ORAC, while the content and lipid peroxidation marker levels of CDs and TBARS. Antioxidant activities and responses in mussels varied between sites with significant correlations for 85% and 71% of all antioxidant measurements made for Fe and Zn, respectively. The oxidative stress results reported here are novel for the region and indicated that mussels in Cape Town do not have (relatively) high levels of antioxidant activities as a result of exposure to metals. The research undertaken suggests that antioxidant responses was an appropriate biomarker of exposure to metals but more environmental parameters should be considered when interpreting antioxidant responses in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Sparks
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Rashieda Toefy
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Reinette Snyman
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - James Odendaal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chemoprotective effects of butanol fraction of Buchholzia coriacea (Capparidaceae) against type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20170665. [PMID: 28790167 PMCID: PMC6379225 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats can result through a synergy that links obesity to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The present study achieved T2D via high fructose (20%w/v, p.o.), streptozotocin single dose (40 mg/kg, i.p.) (HFSTZ) in rats. Also, chemoprotective potential of butanol fraction of Buchholzia coriacea (BFBC) was demonstrated. Control normal and diabetic untreated (HFSTZ-induced T2D) rats received CM-cellulose (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Diabetic rats received intragastric BFBC (20, 200, 400 mg/kg), glibenclamide (0.07 mg/kg), and BFBC (200 mg/kg) plus glibenclamide treatments, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, and α-amylase inhibition were assessed. After 2 weeks of treatments, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, renal and liver function, serum insulin as well as in vivo oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed. BFBC shows highest antioxidants and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro HFSTZ-induced T2D produced hyperglycemia (P<0.05-0.001; F = 5.26-26.47), serum hyperinsulinemia (six-folds) plus elevated lipid peroxidation levels. Similarly, there were altered lipid profiles, liver and renal biomarker enzymes plus weight loss. BFBC administration alone or in combination with glibenclamide reversed T2D symptomatologies in treated animals, and improved body weights against control diabetic rats. In vivo antioxidant activities also improved while histological sections in treated rats show reduced tissue damage in pancreas, kidneys, liver, and heart, respectively. Oleic, stearic, 2-methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic, and n-hexadecanoic acids were present in BFBC in large quantities given GC-MS analysis. Overall, data from the present study suggest chemoprotective potentials of BFBC against HFSTZ-induced T2D rats.
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Ogar I, Egbung GE, Nna VU, Atangwho IJ, Itam EH. Hyptis verticillata attenuates dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and hepato-renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 219:283-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mchunu N, Chukwuma CI, Ibrahim MA, Oyebode OA, Dlamini SN, Islam MS. Commercially available non-nutritive sweeteners modulate the antioxidant status of type 2 diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12775. [PMID: 31353552 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are increasingly being used by diabetics, but little is known about their effects on antioxidant status. We investigated the effects of ad libitum consumption of commercially available NNS (aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, and cyclamate-based sweeteners) on antioxidative markers in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). NNS consumption reduced (p < 0.05) T2D-induced lipid peroxidation and boosted serum, hepatic, renal, cardiac, and pancreatic glutathione (GSH) levels. Catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the serum and most organs upon diabetes induction, perhaps due to adaptative antioxidant response to the diabetes-induced lipid peroxidation. NNS showed varying effects on serum and tissue antioxidant enzymes of animals. An antioxidant capacity scores sheet of NNS, suggest that aspartame-based NNS may not exert antioxidant effects in diabetics, while saccharin-based NNS may be a potent antioxidative sweetener as seen in the animal model of T2D. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of NNS is becoming more popular, especially for diabetic individuals. While there are several commercial NNS available in the market, little is known about how they affect the antioxidant status of consumers. We therefore investigated how some commercially available NNS affect the antioxidant status of diabetic rats. Observed data revealed varying effects of NNS on serum and different organs, which suggest that some NNS may be better than others for diabetic oxidative stress and thus may be recommended for consumers. However, this finding is subject to additional corroborative clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomcebo Mchunu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke A Oyebode
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Siphiwe Ndumiso Dlamini
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Urbano-Polo N, Dueñas B, Navarro-Cecilia J, Ramírez-Tortosa C, Martín-Salvago MD, Martínez-Martos JM. Redox status in the sentinel lymph node of women with breast cancer. Ups J Med Sci 2017; 122:207-216. [PMID: 29264992 PMCID: PMC5810224 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2017.1403522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic metastasis is regulated in multiple steps including the transit of tumor cells via the lymphatic vessels and the successful seeding in draining lymph nodes. Thus, several molecular signals and cellular changes must be involved in this complex process to facilitate tumor cell entry, colonization, and survival in the lymph node. To our knowledge, the present work explores, for the first time in the literature, the redox status (oxidative stress parameters and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems) in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) of women with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS SLNs from 75 women with breast cancer were identified using the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method as negative (n = 43), with micrometastases (n = 13), or with macrometastases (n = 19). It will allow us to gain knowledge about the pro-oxidant/antioxidant mechanisms involved in the processes of distant metastases in breast cancer and also to assess whether these parameters may be alternative techniques for staging. RESULTS We found different levels of lipid peroxidation in SLNs with micrometastases (increased) and macrometastases (decreased), a decrease in carbonyl group content in SLNs with macrometastases only, and an increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in SNLs with micrometastases and macrometastases. A decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) also appears in the SLNs with macrometastases only. Finally, we show increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in SLNs with micrometastases and macrometastases, and decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in SNLs with macrometastases but not with micrometastases. CONCLUSIONS Redox status of lymph node microenvironment participates in the progression of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain;
| | - Nieves Urbano-Polo
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain;
| | - Basilio Dueñas
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain;
- Unit of Breast Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - José Manuel Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain;
- CONTACT José Manuel Martínez-Martos Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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Assessment of the Anti-Hyperglycaemic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of the Methanol Extract of Moringa Oleifera in Diabetes-Induced Nephrotoxic Male Wistar Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040439. [PMID: 28333074 PMCID: PMC6153931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease of multiple aetiologies in insulin secretion. A deficiency in insulin results in hyperglycemia with metabolic disturbances of biomolecules. Moringa oleifera (MO) is endemic in the tropics with a variety of ethnomedicinal importance. The leaf of this plant has been reported to possess antioxidant and medicinal properties that may be helpful in the treatment and management of diabetes and its associated complications. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally in rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and treated with methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (250 mg/kg b.wt) for six weeks. Forty-eight (48) adult male Wistar strain rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (NC), Moringa oleifera treated control rats (NC + MO), diabetic rats (DM) and Moringa oleifera treated diabetic rats (DM + MO). Estimation of antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols content of Moringa oleifera extract was performed and serum biochemical markers were evaluated. Antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione (GSH) and inflammatory biomarkers were determined in the kidney. Results showed high antioxidant capacities of MO extract and improved serum biochemical markers, whilst lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were reduced in non-diabetic and diabetic rats after MO treatment when compared to normal control. Subsequent administration of MO led to an increased concentration of serum albumin, globulin and total protein with a decrease in the level of MDA, and improvements in CAT, SOD, GSH, GPx, (tumour necrosis factor-alpha)TNF-α and (interleukin-6)IL-6. MO contains potent phytochemical constituents that offer protective action against diabetic-induced renal damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation and could therefore play a role in reducing diabetic complications, particularly in developing countries such as in Africa where the majority cannot afford orthodox medicine.
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Xie L, Wu X, Chen H, Dong W, Cazan AM, Klerks PL. A low level of dietary selenium has both beneficial and toxic effects and is protective against Cd-toxicity in the least killifish Heterandria formosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:358-364. [PMID: 27448316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As an essential element, selenium (Se) is beneficial at low levels yet toxic at high levels. The present study assessed the effects of dietary exposure to Se in the least killifish Heterandria formosa, and investigated how this exposure influences the effects of a subsequent exposure to cadmium (Cd). The fish were pre-exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration (2 μg g(-1) dry wt) of dietary selenite (Se(4+)) or seleno-l-methionine (Se-Met) for 10 d. The same fish were then exposed to 0.5 mg L(-1) of Cd for 5 d. Both Se(IV) and Se-Met rapidly accumulated in H. formosa. Results for the two Se species were generally similar in this study. Fish exposed to Se had lower levels of lipid peroxidation (measured as levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances or TBARS) and a higher catalase (CAT) activity. In contrast, their Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was reduced. The Cd exposure resulted in an increase in lipid peroxidation and decreases in the activities of catalase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. The Cd-exposed H. formosa that were pre-exposed to Se had lower Cd body burdens, less lipid peroxidation, and higher catalase activity, than did fish not pre-exposed to Se. The Se exposure did not have a protective effect on the Cd-induced reduction in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. These results clearly demonstrate that a Se-enriched diet reduces some (but not all) forms of Cd-toxicity and that Se can simultaneously have beneficial and detrimental effects, making it difficult to predict the net outcome of changes in dietary Se levels for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, PR China.
| | - Alfy Morales Cazan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
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Oyagbemi AA, Bester D, Esterhuyse J, Farombi EO. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seed mitigates ischemic/reperfusion injury by modulation of pro-survival and apoptotic signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:42-49. [PMID: 28163959 PMCID: PMC5289087 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160923100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of Kolaviron (KV) on ischemic/reperfusion injury in experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 received corn oil as a vehicle and rats in Group 2 were administered KV at 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The rats were fed with rat standard chow pellet and water administered ad libitum. After 4 weeks of KV administration, hearts were excised and mounted on the working heart perfusion system. Western blot analysis for protein expression was carried out on frozen heart samples. Results: There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase with concomitant reduction in oxygen radical absorbance capacity in ischemic rat heart of control compared to group pre-treated with KV, respectively. Similarly, intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly elevated in control compared to KV pre-treated rats. KV significantly increased total Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), phosphorylated Akt/PKB at serine 473 and also caused a significant reduction in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Caspase 3, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase. Conclusion: Taken together, KV offered significant cardioprotection via free radical scavenging activity and upregulation of pro-survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Bester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Johan Esterhuyse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Xie L, Wu X, Chen H, Luo Y, Guo Z, Mu J, Blankson ER, Dong W, Klerks PL. The bioaccumulation and effects of selenium in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus via dissolved and dietary exposure routes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:1-7. [PMID: 27450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms take up selenium from solution and from their diets. Many questions remain regarding the relative importance of selenium accumulation from these sources and resulting effects in benthic invertebrates. The present study addressed the toxicity and accumulation of Se via dissolved and dietary exposures to three different Se species, in the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Worms were exposed to 20μg/g dry weight of selenite (Se(IV)), selenate (Se(VI)), or seleno-l-methionine (Se-Met) in their diet (sediment) or to 15μg/L dissolved Se in water-only exposures. While the dissolved and sediment Se levels differed greatly, such levels may co-occur at a Se-contaminated site. Se accumulation, worm population growth, lipid peroxidation (as TBARS), and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity were quantified at the end of the 2-week exposure. The sediment Se-Met exposure caused 100% mortality, while worm densities were reduced by the other exposures except the Se(VI) one. Se bioaccumulation was generally higher for the sediment-Se exposure than the dissolved-Se ones, and was higher for Se(IV) than Se(VI) in the dissolved-Se exposure but not the sediment-Se one. The Se accumulation was highest for Se-Met. The oligochaetes that accumulated Se had higher levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. The present study's findings of differences in Se accumulation and toxicity for the three Se species, with effects generally but not exclusively a function of Se body burdens, underscore the need for research on these issues in invertebrates. Moreover, the results imply that the dietary uptake route is the predominant one for Se accumulation in L. variegatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Guangxi 530021, PR China.
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Division of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Emmanuel R Blankson
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, PR China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
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Awodele O, Momoh A, Awolola N, Kale O, Okunowo W. The combined fixed-dose antituberculous drugs alter some reproductive functions with oxidative stress involvement in wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:620-627. [PMID: 28959585 PMCID: PMC5615933 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive toxicity of combined fixed-dose first-line antituberculosis (CFDAT) regimen was assessed in rats. Thirty-two (32) Wistar rats weighing 168.1 ± 8.0 g were divided into four groups of eight rats per group. Two groups of male and female rats were administered oral distilled water (1.6 ml) and CFDAT drugs containing rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol (RIPE, 92.5 mg/m2 per body surface area) respectively for forty-five days. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing and testosterone were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the treated male rats. Similarly, sperm count levels were decreased by 27.3% when compared with control. RIPE elevated serum oestrogen (p < 0.05), progesterone (p < 0.05) as well as prolactin (p > 0.05) levels in the treated females. In addition, RIPE reduced (p < 0.05) total proteins levels and increased (p < 0.05, 53%) catalase levels in male but not female animals. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione levels as well as lipid peroxidation were unaltered in all rats respectively. Histopathological studies revealed congested peritesticular vessels and no changes in the ovary when compared with control. Overall, our results demonstrate reproductive toxicity potentials of RIPE in the rat, thus, suggesting that these reproductive parameters be monitored during antituberculous chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Awodele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A.A. Momoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N.A. Awolola
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, Idi-Araba Campus, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O.E. Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, University of Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - W.O. Okunowo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
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Hypoxis hemerocallidea Significantly Reduced Hyperglycaemia and Hyperglycaemic-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Liver and Kidney Tissues of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8934362. [PMID: 27403200 PMCID: PMC4925985 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8934362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is a native plant that grows in the Southern African regions and is well known for its beneficial medicinal effects in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, and high blood pressure. Aim. This study evaluated the effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea on oxidative stress biomarkers, hepatic injury, and other selected biomarkers in the liver and kidneys of healthy nondiabetic and streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg of STZ to induce diabetes. The plant extract-Hypoxis hemerocallidea (200 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg) aqueous solution was administered (daily) orally for 6 weeks. Antioxidant activities were analysed using a Multiskan Spectrum plate reader while other serum biomarkers were measured using the RANDOX chemistry analyser. Results. Both dosages (200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) of Hypoxis hemerocallidea significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic groups. Activities of liver enzymes were increased in the diabetic control and in the diabetic group treated with 800 mg/kg, whereas the 200 mg/kg dosage ameliorated hepatic injury. In the hepatic tissue, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), catalase, and total glutathione were reduced in the diabetic control group. However treatment with both doses improved the antioxidant status. The FRAP and the catalase activities in the kidney were elevated in the STZ-induced diabetic group treated with 800 mg/kg of the extract possibly due to compensatory responses. Conclusion. Hypoxis hemerocallidea demonstrated antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects especially in the liver tissue.
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van der Merwe JD, de Beer D, Joubert E, Gelderblom WCA. Short-Term and Sub-Chronic Dietary Exposure to Aspalathin-Enriched Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Affects Rat Liver Function and Antioxidant Status. Molecules 2015; 20:22674-90. [PMID: 26694346 PMCID: PMC6332203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract (GRE) was fed to male Fischer rats in two independent studies for 28 and 90 days. The average dietary total polyphenol (TP) intake was 75.6 and 62.7 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg body weight (bw)/day over 28 and 90 days, respectively, equaling human equivalent doses (HEDs) of 12.3 and 10.2 GAE mg/kg bw/day. Aspalathin intake of 29.5 mg/kg bw/day represents a HED of 4.8 mg/kg bw/day (90 day study). Consumption of GRE increased feed intake significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control after 90 days, but no effect on body and organ weight parameters was observed. GRE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol and iron levels, whilst significantly (p < 0.05) increasing alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity after 90 days. Endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, i.e., catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, was not adversely affected. Glutathione reductase activity significantly (p < 0.05) increased after 28 days, while glutathione (GSH) content was decreased after 90 days, suggesting an altered glutathione redox cycle. Quantitative Real Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed altered expression of certain antioxidant defense and oxidative stress related genes, indicative, among others, of an underlying oxidative stress related to changes in the GSH redox pathway and possible biliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Debora van der Merwe
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
| | - Wentzel C A Gelderblom
- Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
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Oyenihi OR, Brooks NL, Oguntibeju OO. Effects of kolaviron on hepatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:236. [PMID: 26179065 PMCID: PMC4502612 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Alteration in antioxidant defence and increase in oxidative stress that results in tissue injury is characteristic of diabetes. We evaluated the protective effects of kolaviron (a flavonoid complex extracted from the seeds of Garcinia kola) on hepatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Methods To induce diabetes, rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 50 mg/kg. Kolaviron (100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 6 weeks (5 times weekly). Activities of liver antioxidant enzymes was analysed with Multiskan Spectrum plate reader. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used in the analysis of MDA (malondialdehyde), a product of lipid peroxidation. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Result Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in the peroxidation of hepatic lipids as observed from the elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), level of reduced glutathione (GSH), ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG) and catalase (CAT) activity were decreased in the liver of diabetic rats. The activities of GPX (glutathione peroxidase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were unaltered in diabetic rats. TUNEL assay revealed increased apoptotic cell death in the liver. Kolaviron attenuated lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, increased CAT activity, GSH levels and GSH: GSSG ratio. The ORAC of kolaviron-treated diabetic liver was restored to near-normal values. Conclusion Kolaviron protects the liver against oxidative and apoptotic damage induced by hyperglycemia.
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Adeyemi JA, da Cunha Martins-Junior A, Barbosa F. Teratogenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) co-exposed to arsenic and atrazine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 172-173:7-12. [PMID: 25882832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic and atrazine are common environmental contaminants probably due to their extensive use as pesticides on agricultural farmlands. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.8mM arsenic, 0.1mM atrazine or mixture of both for 96h, and various indices which are indicative of teratogenicity (egg coagulation, growth retardation, edema formation, hatching success, scoliosis), genotoxicity (DNA tail moments) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities) were determined. The negative control were exposed to 0.5% DMSO while the positive control group were exposed to 4mg/L 3,4 dichloroaniline. Egg coagulation was highest in the positive control (85%), followed by the group that was exposed to mixture of arsenic and atrazine (30%) and least in the arsenic-exposed group (20%). The incidences of edema (59%) and growth retardation (35.2%) were more frequent in the group that was exposed to contaminant mixture and least in atrazine-exposed group where incidences of both edema and growth retardation were 15%. The incidence of scoliosis ranged between 20% in arsenic-exposed group and 10% in atrazine-exposed group. Hatching success was generally high in all the groups ranging between 95% in atrazine-exposed group and 88% in the group that was exposed to mixture of arsenic and atrazine. There was no evidence of teratogenic effect in the negative control group. DNA tail moments and lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly while GSH levels and catalase activity decreased significantly in contaminant-exposed groups, especially the mixture compared to the negative control. There was no significant change in GPx activity in the exposed groups compared to the negative control. The results of this study demonstrate that both arsenic and atrazine are potentially teratogenic and genotoxic, and can cause oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos, and these effects are potentiated by toxic interactions between the two contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494 Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Airton da Cunha Martins-Junior
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ayeleso A, Brooks N, Oguntibeju O. Modulation of antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats following intake of red palm oil and/or rooibos. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 7:536-44. [PMID: 25063283 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of red palm oil (RPO), rooibos tea extract (RTE) and their combined treatment (RPO + RTE) on antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and the rats were treated for 7 weeks. Antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], antioxidant capacity [trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)] as well as total protein, albumin, globulin, total glutathione, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with RPO, RTE and RPO + RTE significantly (p>0.05) improved liver SOD and plasma ORAC in the diabetic rats. Similarly, diabetic rats treated with RTE and RPO + RTE enhanced liver GPx. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the plasma TBARS in the diabetic control group was observed when compared with the normal control group. Treatment of diabetic rats with RTE and RPO + RTE reduced plasma TBARS to a level not significantly different at P<0.05 from the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the anti-oxidative potentials of red palm oil, rooibos and their combination in diabetic conditions and hence, they could be useful in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Ayeleso
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville South Africa.
| | - Nicole Brooks
- Department of Wellness Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville South Africa
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Ayepola OR, Cerf ME, Brooks NL, Oguntibeju OO. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex of Garcinia kola seeds modulates apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes-induced nephrotoxic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1785-1793. [PMID: 25481391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a complex disease that involves increased production of free radicals which is a strong stimulus for the release of pro-inflammatory factors. We evaluated the renal protective effect of kolaviron (KV) - a Garcinia kola seed extract containing a mixture of 5 flavonoids, in diabetes-induced nephrotoxic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: untreated controls (C); normal rats treated with kolaviron (C+KV); untreated diabetic rats (D); kolaviron treated diabetic rats (D+KV). A single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50mg/kg) was used for the induction of diabetes. Renal function parameters were estimated in a clinical chemistry analyzer. Markers of oxidative stress in the kidney homogenate were analyzed in a Multiskan Spectrum plate reader and Bio-plex Promagnetic bead-based assays was used for the analysis of inflammatory markers. The effect of kolaviron on diabetes-induced apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. In the diabetic rats, alterations in antioxidant defenses such as an increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH) levels and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were observed. There was no difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Diabetes induction increased apoptotic cell death and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α with no effect on IL-10. Kolaviron treatment of diabetic rats restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduced lipid peroxidation and increased ORAC and GSH concentration in renal tissues. Kolaviron treatment of diabetic rats also suppressed renal IL-1β. The beneficial effects of kolaviron on diabetes-induced kidney injury may be due to its inhibitory action on oxidative stress, IL-1β production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R Ayepola
- Nutrition and Chronic Disease Research Unit, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Marlon E Cerf
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Nicole L Brooks
- Department of Wellness Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Nutrition and Chronic Disease Research Unit, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa.
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Martínez-Martos JM, Mayas MD, Carrera P, Arias de Saavedra JM, Sánchez-Agesta R, Arrazola M, Ramírez-Expósito MJ. Phenolic compounds oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol exert differential effects on glioma development via antioxidant defense systems. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Ajuwon OR, Oguntibeju OO, Marnewick JL. Amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by aqueous rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:392. [PMID: 25312795 PMCID: PMC4201726 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver injury occur after intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Oxidative stress and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are both implicated in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced acute liver injury. This study investigated the ameliorative effect of fermented rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract on LPS-induced acute liver injury. METHOD Major phenolic compounds in the fermented rooibos extract by HPLC-DAD, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity were quantified before the start of the experiment. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 10 per group) and given either water or fermented rooibos extract for 4 weeks before LPS injection. Hepatic function markers, including aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation markers, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione redox status, as well as cytokine levels were monitored in the rats. RESULTS Injection of LPS significantly increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Oxidative stress, evidenced by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and liver, and decreased glutathione redox status (GSH: GSSG ratio) in whole blood and liver was induced in LPS-challenged rats. Furthermore, hepatic levels of pro-inflammatory response markers TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased significantly. Pre-feeding the fermented rooibos extract for 4 weeks decreased LPS-induced elevated levels of serum AST and LDH (significantly, p < 0.05) as well as ALT marginally. Consuming rooibos caused an attenuation of the observed increase in plasma and hepatic MDA, decrease in whole blood and liver GSH:GSSG ratio, as well as the changes noted in various antioxidant enzymes. The elevation in TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly suppressed, indicating an inhibition of the induced inflammatory response by rooibos. CONCLUSION Overall, our data showed that aqueous rooibos extract attenuated LPS-induced liver injury possibly by modulating oxidative stress and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Razaq Ajuwon
- />Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
- />Redox Laboratory, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- />Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
| | - Jeanine Lucasta Marnewick
- />Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
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Lien TF, Lin KJ, Yang LL, Chen LG. Effects of supplemental levels of bazhen on growth performances, serum traits, immunity, meat quality and antioxidant activity of taiwan country chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:675-82. [PMID: 25049838 PMCID: PMC4093326 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and sixty Taiwan country chickens (d-old chicks) were randomly assigned into four groups with four replicates and equal sex. Basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% of Bazhen powder, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex. The study was conducted for 14 wks. Experimental results indicated that Bazhen supplement did not influence feed intake, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Compared with control group, the percentage of serum HDL (high-density lipoprotein) linearly increased (p<0.03) and that of VLDL+LDL (very low-density+low-density lipoprotein) linearly decreased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, that 2% Bazhen was significantly different with control group (p<0.05). Chickens fed diets containing 2% Bazhen displayed reduced (p<0.05) serum GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) levels. The IgG, γ-globulin levels and PHA (phytohemagglutinin) skin challenge results in 1% Bazhan supplemented group were higher (p<0.05) than in the control group, the SRBC (sheep red blood cell) and ND (newcastle disease) titers in Bazhen supplemented groups were linear higher (p<0.05) than in the control group. The liver catalase activity and the capacity of scavenging DPPH (α-α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical were linearly increased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, and the 1 and 2% groups were different from the control group (p<0.05). Liver TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) levels in all Bazhen supplemented groups and total glutathione level in the 2% group were reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control group and displayed a linear response (p<0.05). The TBA (thiobarbituric acid) and pH value of the breast muscle after 24 h post-mortem in the Bazhen supplemented groups was linear lower (p<0.05) than in the control group. Results from this study demonstrated that Bazhen supplement in chicken had several beneficial effects, including increased SRBC and ND titers, HDL and IgG, γ-globulin levels, PHA skin challenge result, decreased VLDL+LDL and GOT levels, and displayed antioxidation effects in serum and carcass meat parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Fa Lien
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Luh Liau Li, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Joong Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Luh Liau Li, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Luh Liau Li, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Luh Liau Li, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Adeyemi JA. Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli and Vibrio fischeri. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:347-354. [PMID: 23974670 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of bacterial infection on cultivated fish species, African catfish, were investigated using oxidative stress biomarkers [lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation] and the activities of important antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes [catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST)]. Fish were inoculated via oral gavage with one of the following treatments: 1 × 10(5) CFU/ml of Escherichia coli (EC1), 2 × 10(5) CFU/ml of E. coli (EC2), 1 × 10(5) CFU/ml of Vibrio fischeri (V1), 2 × 10(5) CFU/ml of V. fischeri (V2), gavaged with distilled water and not gavaged. Fish were maintained in the laboratory for 7 days after the bacterial inoculation, and the levels of LPO, protein carbonylation, GST, and catalase activities were determined in the muscle, gills, and liver of fish. Fish inoculated with bacteria (either E. coli or V. fischeri) had a significant higher levels of tissue LPO, protein carbonylation, and GST activities in a tissue-specific pattern (liver > muscle > gills). This appears to be related with the levels of bacterial inoculation, with effects more pronounced in fish inoculated with either EC2 or V2. The catalase activity did not differ significantly between the inoculated and fish that were not inoculated. The results of this study indicate that bacterial inoculation could result in oxidative stress in fish, and liver has a higher rate of oxidative stress per mg tissue compared to the gills and the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria,
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Kolaviron improved resistance to oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood (erythrocyte, serum, and plasma) of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:921080. [PMID: 24795542 PMCID: PMC3982470 DOI: 10.1155/2014/921080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bitter kola seed (Garcinia kola, family: Guttiferae) has been used as a social masticatory agent in Africa for several years and is believed to possess many useful medicinal properties. The present study evaluates the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antilipidemic effects of kolaviron (an extract from the Garcinia kola seeds) in the blood of streptozotocin- (STZ) induced diabetic rats. METHODS. Diabetic rats were treated with kolaviron (100 mg/kg b·wt) orally, five times a week for a period of six weeks. Serum glucose and HBA(1C) concentrations were estimated in experimental groups. The activities of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (in erythrocytes) as well as plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were investigated. Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factor: interleukin- (IL-) 1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, were also analyzed. RESULTS Kolaviron treatment markedly improved antioxidant status and abated inflammatory response evidenced by reduction in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factor, lipid peroxidation product, and the restoration of activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in the blood of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Kolaviron improved antioxidant status, reduced inflammation, and protected against hyperglycemic-induced oxidative damage in the blood of diabetic rats.
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Canda BD, Oguntibeju OO, Marnewick JL. Effects of consumption of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and a rooibos-derived commercial supplement on hepatic tissue injury by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in Wistar rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:716832. [PMID: 24738022 PMCID: PMC3967803 DOI: 10.1155/2014/716832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidative effect of rooibos herbal tea and a rooibos-derived commercial supplement on tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced oxidative stress in the liver. Forty male Wistar rats consumed fermented rooibos, unfermented rooibos, a rooibos-derived commercial supplement, or water for 10 weeks, while oxidative stress was induced during the last 2 weeks via intraperitoneal injection of 30 µmole of t-BHP per 100 g body weight. None of the beverages impaired the body weight gain of the respective animals. Rats consuming the rooibos-derived commercial supplement had the highest (P < 0.05) daily total polyphenol intake (169 mg/day) followed by rats consuming the unfermented rooibos (93.4 mg/day) and fermented rooibos (73.1 mg/day). Intake of both the derived supplement and unfermented rooibos restored the t-BHP-induced reduction and increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacity status of the liver, while not impacting on lipid peroxidation. The rooibos herbal tea did not affect the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, except fermented rooibos that caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase activity. This study confirms rooibos herbal tea as good dietary antioxidant sources and, in conjunction with its many other components, offers a significantly enhanced antioxidant status of the liver in an induced oxidative stress situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. D. Canda
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - O. O. Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - J. L. Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Ayeleso AO, Oguntibeju OO, Brooks NL. Assessment of Lipid Profiles, Antioxidant Status and Liver Histopathology
in Male Wistar Rats Following Dietary Intake of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis). INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.348.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Protective Effects of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and/or Red Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Supplementation on tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:984273. [PMID: 23690869 PMCID: PMC3652203 DOI: 10.1155/2013/984273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The possible protective effects of an aqueous rooibos extract (Aspalathus linearis), red palm oil (RPO) (Elaeis guineensis), or their combination on tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-(t-BHP-)induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats were investigated. tert-butyl hydroperoxide caused a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in conjugated dienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH : GSSG ratio, and induced varying changes in activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the blood and liver. This apparent oxidative injury was associated with histopathological changes in liver architecture and elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Supplementation with rooibos, RPO, or their combination significantly (P < 0.05) decreased CD and MDA levels in the liver and reduced serum level of ALT, AST, and LDH. Likewise, changes observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and impairment in redox status in the erythrocytes and liver were reversed. The observed protective effects when rooibos and RPO were supplemented concomitantly were neither additive nor synergistic. Our results suggested that rooibos and RPO, either supplemented alone or combined, are capable of alleviating t-BHP-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity, and the mechanism of this protection may involve inhibition of lipid peroxidation and modulation of antioxidants enzymes and glutathione status.
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Adeyemi JA, Klerks PL. Occurrence of copper acclimation in the least killifish Heterandria formosa, and associated biochemical and physiological mechanisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 130-131:51-57. [PMID: 23353058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence of copper acclimation in the least killifish, Heterandria formosa using both lethal and sublethal endpoints. We also investigated potential mechanisms underlying the observed acclimation. To assess the occurrence of acclimation, fish were exposed to either a background Cu level or to 15 μg/L Cu for seven days and subsequently exposed to a lethal Cu level (150 μg/L Cu). During the latter exposure, fish were monitored for survival till all fish had died, and (during the first 8h of this exposure) for changes in whole-body Na levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO). During the high-level Cu exposure, fish pre-exposed to copper had a significantly longer time-to-death than did the control fish. Similarly, neither whole-body Na nor LPO changed in the Cu-pre-exposed fish during the 8h of the exposure to 150 μg/L Cu - while both decreased significantly in the control fish. Thus, acclimation was evident for both time-to-death and the sublethal endpoints. These results also indicate that Cu toxicity may involve both Na loss and LPO, and that Cu-acclimation may be brought about by prevention of these effects. Our follow-up study on potential mechanisms underlying this copper acclimation used a similar pre-exposure/exposure design. Fish were subsampled at the end of the 7-day acclimation period - just before the commencement of high-level Cu exposure (T), after 4h of this Cu exposure (T), and again after 8h of this Cu exposure (T). Whole-body Cu accumulation, Na/K-ATPase activity, metallothionein levels, and catalase activity were quantified for these time points. While Cu levels were higher in the Cu-pre-exposed fish than in the control fish at T, net Cu accumulation was faster in the control fish than in the Cu-pre-exposed fish during the subsequent high-level Cu exposure. Consequently, changes in Cu accumulation dynamics may play a role in the resistance. Metallothionein induction may also play a role in the observed acclimation, as Cu-acclimated fish had a significantly higher metallothionein concentration compared to the control fish. There was no evidence of involvement of Na/K-ATPase in the acclimation, as the activity of this enzyme remained lower in the pre-exposed fish than in the control fish throughout both Cu exposure periods. There was limited evidence that a reduced loss of catalase activity plays a role in the acclimation; catalase activity did not differ after the pre-exposure period but was significantly higher in Cu-acclimated fish than in the control fish at T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, United States.
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Illán-Cabeza NA, García-García AR, Martínez-Martos JM, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Peña-Ruiz T, Moreno-Carretero MN. A potential antitumor agent, (6-amino-1-methyl-5-nitrosouracilato-N3)-triphenylphosphine-gold(I): structural studies and in vivo biological effects against experimental glioma. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:260-72. [PMID: 23644209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and molecular and supramolecular structures of the compound (6-amino-1-methyl-5-nitrosouracilato-N3)-triphenylphosphine-gold(I) with interesting abilities to inhibit tumor growth in an animal model of experimental glioma are reported. Thus, its antitumor properties, effects on both enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant defense systems and the response of several biochemical biomarkers have been analyzed. After seven days of treatment, the gold compound decreased the tumor growth to ca. one-tenth and reduced oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and protein oxidation levels) compared to animals treated with the vehicle. Also, gold compound maintained non-enzyme antioxidant defense systems as in non-tumor animals and increased enzyme antioxidant defenses, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and decreased catalase activity. Analysis of serum levels of electrolytes, nitrogenous compounds, glucose, lipids, total protein, albumin, transaminases and alkaline phosphatase indicated that gold compound treatment showed few adverse effects, while effectively inhibiting tumor growth through mechanisms that involved endogenous antioxidant defenses.
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SHIRAI N, YAMASHITA Y, YAMASHITA M. Simultaneous Effects of Green Tea Extracts and Fish Oil on Mercury Accumulation and Antioxidant Defenses in Methylmercury-exposed Adult Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Adeyemi JA, Klerks PL. Salinity acclimation modulates copper toxicity in the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1573-1578. [PMID: 22511216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) is able to withstand a wide range of salinities. Salinity acclimation involves physiological and biochemical changes, which may influence how organisms respond to a stressor. The present study investigated effects of salinity acclimation on subsequent Cu toxicity. In experiment 1, fish were acclimated to a hyposmotic, isosmotic, or hyperosmotic salinity for 14 d and then exposed at these salinities to 16.6 µM Cu(2+) for 12 h. Survival differed during this Cu challenge; fish acclimated to 2.5 ppt salinity were much more sensitive to Cu than those acclimated to 10.5 or 18.5 ppt seawater. In experiment 2, fish were exposed to 14.6 µM Cu(2+) for 6 h after the 14-d salinity acclimation. Whole-body Cu, whole-body Na, liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), liver catalase activity, and liver glucose levels were determined before and after Cu exposure. Prior to Cu exposure, the acclimation groups differed only for liver glucose levels, which were higher in the 2.5 ppt acclimated fish than in the others. These same 2.5 ppt acclimated fish were markedly affected by Cu, having increased whole-body Cu and liver LPO and decreased whole-body Na levels. Copper exposure had generally insignificant effects for the 10.5 ppt and the 18.5 ppt acclimated fish. This study showed that even in euryhaline fish, salinity acclimation can have a drastic effect on Cu toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
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Puertas MC, Martínez-Martos JM, Cobo MP, Carrera MP, Mayas MD, Ramírez-Expósito MJ. Plasma oxidative stress parameters in men and women with early stage Alzheimer type dementia. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:625-30. [PMID: 22664577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress is one of the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, indicating that may play a key role in this disease. In our study, we measured the levels of oxidative stress indicators (TBARS and protein carbonyls content) and the non-enzymatic (glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) defense systems in the plasma of 46 patients diagnosed of ATD and 46 age-matched controls. We found decreased levels in total GSH in ATD patients, although healthy control women showed lower levels of total GSH than healthy control men. On the contrary, we found increased levels of TBARS and carbonyl groups content in ATD patients in both genders. The activity of the plasma antioxidant enzymes showed no changes for SOD activity in ATD patients, independently of the gender, although western blot analysis showed an increase in SOD-1 protein. CAT activity was also decreased in ATD patients, although this decrease is mainly due to the decrease found in men but not in women. However, western blot analysis did not show differences in CAT protein between controls and ATD patients. Finally, a decrease of GPx activity was found in ATD patients in both genders. However, as with CAT protein, western blot analysis did not show differences in GPx protein between controls and ATD patients. Our results suggest that there is a defect in the antioxidant defense system that is incapable of responding to increased free radical production, which may lead to oxidative damage and the development of the pathological alterations that characterize the neurodegenerative disorder of patients with ATD. Thus, oxidative damage could be one important aspect for the onset of ATD and oxidative stress markers could be useful to diagnose the illness in their earliest stages through both non-invasive, reliable and cost-affordable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Puertas
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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