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Wnuk E, Zwolak I, Kochanowicz E. The physiological levels of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) enhance the Cd-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13625. [PMID: 38871787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the increasing pollution of the environment by heavy metals is observed, caused both by natural factors and those related to human activity. They pose a significant threat to human health and life. It is therefore important to find an effective way of protecting organisms from their adverse effects. One potential product showing a protective effect is green tea. It has been shown that EGCG, which is found in large amounts in green tea, has strong antioxidant properties and can therefore protect cells from the adverse effects of heavy metals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on cells exposed to Cd. In the study, CHO-K1 cells (Chinese hamster ovary cell line) were treated for 24 h with Cd (5 and 10 µM) and EGCG (0.5 and 1 µM) together or separately. Cell viability, ATP content, total ROS activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis potential were determined. The results showed that, in tested concentrations, EGCG enhanced the negative effect of Cd. Further analyses are needed to determine the exact mechanism of action of EGCG due to the small number of publications on the subject and the differences in the results obtained in the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wnuk
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Zwolak
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kochanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Ma A, You J, Miao J, Li J. Natural Antioxidants: An Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease at the Early Stage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11854-11870. [PMID: 38743017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recognized by researchers recently, and natural antioxidants have been demonstrated to have anti-AD activity in animal models, such as Ginkgo biloba extract, soy isoflavones, lycopene, and so on. This paper summarized these natural antioxidants and points out that natural antioxidants always have multiple advantages which are help to deal with AD, such as clearing free radicals, regulating signal transduction, protecting mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity. Based on the available data, we have created a relatively complete pathway map of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AD-related targets and concluded that oxidative stress caused by ROS is the core of AD pathogenesis. In the prospect, we introduced the concept of a combined therapeutic strategy, termed "Antioxidant-Promoting Synaptic Remodeling," highlighting the integration of antioxidant interventions with synaptic remodeling approaches as a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Aixia Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jiahe You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jing Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jinyao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
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3
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He Y, Yang M, Yang L, Hao M, Wang F, Li X, Taylor EW, Zhang X, Zhang J. Preparation and anticancer actions of CuET-nanoparticles dispersed by bovine serum albumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113329. [PMID: 37156027 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET) shows promising anticancer effect; nonetheless, preclinical evaluations of CuET are hindered due to poor solubility. We prepared bovine serum albumin (BSA)-dispersed CuET nanoparticles (CuET-NPs) to overcome the shortcoming. Results from a cell-free redox system demonstrated that CuET-NPs reacted with glutathione, leading to form hydroxyl radical. Glutathione-mediated production of hydroxyl radicals may help explain why CuET selectively kills drug-resistant cancer cells with higher levels of glutathione. CuET-NPs dispersed by autoxidation products of green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) also reacted with glutathione; however, the autoxidation products eradicated hydroxyl radicals; consequently, such CuET-NPs exhibited largely compromised cytotoxicity, suggesting that hydroxyl radical is a crucial mediator of CuET anticancer activity. In cancer cells, BSA-dispersed CuET-NPs exhibited cytotoxic activities equivalent to CuET and induced protein poly-ubiquitination. Moreover, the reported powerful inhibition of CuET on colony formation and migration of cancer cells could be replicated by CuET-NPs. These similarities demonstrate BSA-dispersed CuET-NPs is identical to CuET. Thus, we advanced to pilot toxicological and pharmacological evaluations. CuET-NPs caused hematologic toxicities in mice and induced protein poly-ubiquitination and apoptosis of cancer cells inoculated in mice at a defined pharmacological dose. Given high interest in CuET and its poor solubility, BSA-dispersed CuET-NPs pave the way for preclinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng He
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mingchuan Yang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lumin Yang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fuming Wang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ethan Will Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Esmaeilpour-Bandboni M, Seyedpourchafi Z, Kahneh E. The Effect of Green Tea Drinking on the Depression of Elderly People. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Comparison of Phenolic Contents and Scavenging Activities of Miang Extracts Derived from Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Fungi-Based Fermentation Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071144. [PMID: 34356376 PMCID: PMC8301141 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of the fermentation process on the phenolic contents and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in extracts of Miang, an ethnic fermented tea product of northern Thailand. The acetone (80%) extraction of Miang samples fermented by a non-filamentous fungi-based process (NFP) and filamentous fungi-based process (FFP) had elevated levels of total polyphenols, total tannins, and condensed tannins compared to young and mature tea leaves. The antioxidant studies also showed better the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for fermented leaves in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays as well as improved ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) compared to young and mature tea leaves. Extracts of NFP and FFP samples at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm showed better protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HT-29 colorectal cells without exerting cytotoxicity. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (a proinflammatory mediator as well as a reactive nitrogen species) was also inhibited by these fermented Miang extracts with an IC50 values of 17.15 μg/mL (NFP), 20.17 μg/mL (FFP), 33.96 μg/mL (young tea leaves), and 31.33 μg/mL (mature tea leaves). Therefore, both NFP-Miang and FFP-Miang showed the potential to be targeted as natural bioactive functional ingredients with preventive properties against free radical and inflammatory-mediated diseases.
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Zhang Y, Lin H, Liu C, Huang J, Liu Z. A review for physiological activities of EGCG and the role in improving fertility in humans/mammals. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110186. [PMID: 32559843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a secondary metabolite in green tea, which has various physiological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activities. Studies have shown that EGCG has a preventive effect on infertility by protecting germ cells and oocytes from damage. EGCG functions mainly through the regulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, which affect the expression of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), has positive influence on other enzyme activities in germ cells and oocytes, and actively alters antioxidant activities. These enzymes above can inhibit the activation of extracellular signal-regulated proteins (Erk), induce apoptosis, and control the production of ROS in tissue cells. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying the main physiological activities of EGCG, including antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activities, and their potential roles in male and female reproductive systems and fertility. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which EGCG retards the infertility of germ cells and oocytes and provides a supportive recommendation for improving fertility in humans and animals. We hope it will provide useful references for related research in mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Changwei Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianan Huang
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan, Hunan, China.
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Khan IA, Xu W, Wang D, Yun A, Khan A, Zongshuai Z, Ijaz MU, Yiqun C, Hussain M, Huang M. Antioxidant potential of chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract on lipid and protein oxidation in goat meat patties during refrigerated storage. J Food Sci 2020; 85:618-627. [PMID: 32052442 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid and phenolic acid profile of chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract (CME) was analyzed by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (Q-TOF-MS, Xevo G2-S; Milford, MA, USA, Waters) system in tandem with a quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The effect of CME on lipid and protein oxidation was investigated in goat patties during 9 days of refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C). Patties were prepared from freshly minced meat with the addition of 0.1% and 0.2% CME and compared with the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (0.01%) and control. High level of thiol and lower level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl content were observed in CME-treated samples compared to control during storage period. The incorporation of CME in patties reduced the pH and water activity values markedly, but no effect was found on color and sensory analyses. These results show that increased level of CME is more effective against lipid and protein oxidation and therefore can be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products without affecting product acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chrysanthemum morifolium flower belongs to the family "Asteraceae" and is a novel natural antioxidant for meat processing industry. It possesses strong antioxidant activities having many phenolic compounds including gallocatechin, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, rhamnetin, and quercetin, and can be used for development and production of functional food as a natural antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Inst. of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Inst. of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Inst. of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Yun
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Asad Khan
- Key Lab of Mucosal Immunology, College of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Zongshuai
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ijaz
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yiqun
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.,College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Inst. of Functional Food, Anhui Normal Univ., Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Muzahir Hussain
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Huang
- Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Yan Z, Zhong Y, Duan Y, Chen Q, Li F. Antioxidant mechanism of tea polyphenols and its impact on health benefits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:115-123. [PMID: 32542190 PMCID: PMC7283370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tea trees have a long history of cultivation and utilization. People in many countries have the habit of drinking tea and choosing green tea, oolong tea, or black tea according to different regions and personal tastes. Tea polyphenols are a general term for polyphenol compounds in tea, and has been shown to have good effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cancer prevention and regulation of lipid metabolism. Tea polyphenols have been widely used as antioxidants in disease treatment and animal husbandry, but their specific mechanism of action needs to be further clarified and revealed. This review focuses on the definition, classification, antioxidant activity and the regulation of signaling pathways of tea polyphenols. This paper also aims to examine the application of tea polyphenols in human and animal health, providing a scientific basis for this application in addition to proposing future directions for the development of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
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9
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Moslemifard M, gorji N, Ghadimi R, Kamalinejad M, Shirafkan H, Mozaffarpur SA. Hospital diet for COVID-19, an acute respiratory infectious disease: An evidence-based Protocol of a Clinical Trial. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:466-478. [PMID: 33425263 PMCID: PMC7780879 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.0.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 caused a global pandemic problem. No confident management is introduced for it yet. This study aimed to propose a dietary protocol for hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of acute respiratory infectious disease caused by COVID-19 based on Persian Medicine. METHODS This study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, any diseases that could be matched with the clinical features of infection with COVID-19 were searched in selected PM references. In the second phase, medicinal herbs and foods that were available and could be used in the hospital diet were extracted and summarized. In the third phase, the new documentation of these pharmaceutical and food items was conducted. RESULTS The signs and symptoms of infectious respiratory disease caused by COVID-19 can be categorized in the field of Zato al-rieh that can mainly be matched with pneumonia. Based on the described criteria, some nutrients and medicinal materia medica have been introduced for acute respiratory infection including Cydonia oblonga, Honey, Citrus sinensis, Malus domestica, Citrus medica, Crocus sativus, Raisin, Rosa Damas Cena, D.Carota, Camellia Sinensis, Anethum graveolens dhi, Punica granatum, Petroselinum Crispum, Coriandrum sativum, Urtica dioica, Allium sativum, Sesamum indicum. CONCLUSION Most materia medica has documents in current articles including anti-cough suppressants, antiviral properties, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory etc. A protocol of hospital diet for patients with infectious respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 has been introduced in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moslemifard
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Narges gorji
- Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Ghadimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Health Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, , Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Health Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, , Babol, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences, Research Health Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, ,Babol, Iran
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Aboulwafa MM, Youssef FS, Gad HA, Altyar AE, Al-Azizi MM, Ashour ML. A Comprehensive Insight on the Health Benefits and Phytoconstituents of Camellia sinensis and Recent Approaches for Its Quality Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E455. [PMID: 31590466 PMCID: PMC6826564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, Camellia sinensis, which belongs to the family Theaceae, is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 m in height. Green tea is very popular because of its marked health benefits comprising its anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as its effectiveness in reducing body weight. Additionally, it was recognized by Chinese people as an effective traditional drink required for the prophylaxis against many health ailments. This is due to the complex chemical composition of green tea, which comprises different classes of chemical compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and others. The beneficial health effects of green tea ultimately led to its great consumption and increase its liability to be adulterated by either low-quality or non-green tea products with concomitant decrease in activity. Thus, in this review, green tea was selected to highlight its health benefits and phytoconstituents, as well as recent approaches for its quality-control monitoring that guarantee its incorporation in many pharmaceutical industries. More research is needed to find out other more biological activities, active constituents, and other simple and cheap techniques for its quality assurance that ascertain the prevention of its adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Aboulwafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Azizi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Ghimire BK, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM. Assessment of Diversity in the Accessions of Setaria italica L. Based on Phytochemical and Morphological Traits and ISSR Markers. Molecules 2019; 24:E1486. [PMID: 30991767 PMCID: PMC6514597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity, phenolic compound composition, and biological activity of Setaria italica L. collected from different parts of South Korea. Antioxidant potential of seeds was estimated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and antimicrobial activity was determined by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Eight phenolic acids and 3 flavonoids were identified and quantified, among which myricetin and salicylic acid were the most dominant phytochemical compounds detected in the majority of accessions. The antioxidant potential of the leaf extracts of all the accessions was significantly higher (ranging from 32.33 ± 1.53 µg mL-¹ in SI-03 to 87.87 ± 1.63 µg mL-¹) in SI-10 than that of the root, stem, or seeds. Among the 15 accessions, methanolic extracts of the SI-15 accession strongly suppressed the growth of Escherichia coli (250 µg mL-¹). Accessions SI-14 and SI-15 showed positive antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, extracts of all accessions were more sensitive towards E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs ranging from 250 to 1000 µg mL-¹. Three phenolic acids, namely chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, naringin, hesperetin, and myricetin, were found to be moderately positively correlated with antioxidant activities. A wide range of diversity was observed in morphological traits, namely plant height (99.33 to 201.33 cm), culm length (67.10 to 160.00 cm), spike length (12.80 to 24.00 cm), 1000 seeds weight 1.44 to 2.91 g), bloom beginning (93.67 to 128.00 days), and full bloom (99.67 to 135 days). A dendogram generated from unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on the morphological traits and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker data revealed three major groups. However, no clear correlation between these two different approaches was found. The average Shannon's information index value (I) was 0.492, and it ranged from 0 to 0.693. The average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.335, and it ranged from 0 to 0.499. The substantial variation in the morphological traits, bioactive properties, and genetic diversity among the accessions may provide useful information for breeding programs attempting to obtain S. italica with improved bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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12
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Pharmacological values and therapeutic properties of black tea (Camellia sinensis): A comprehensive overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:521-531. [PMID: 29482046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are essential parts of traditional medicine due to their phytochemical constituents having pharmacological values and therapeutic applications. Black tea have thousands of various biological compounds such as flavonoids (Thearubigins (TRs) and theaflavins (TFs) and catechins), amino acids (L.theanine), vitamins (A, C, K), phenolic acids (caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acids (CGA) and cauramic acid), lipids, proteins, volatile compounds carbohydrates, β-carotene and fluoride that illustrated many promising pharmacological effects regarded as growth promoter, cardioprotector, potent cholesterol-lowering effect, antioxidant and antimicrobial, etc inhuman. Although there is an exponential growth in molecular evidence of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effect in human, there is still a lack of information of the pharmacological effects of black tea. To fill this information gap, therefore, this review article underscores broadening the new insight pertaining to black tea that could be used as safe food additive. This article also illuminates the interesting role of black tea as an herbal medicine that is the future demand to get rid of synthetic health promoters in the human health practice. Moreover, this information would be useful in terms of the low-cost practice of natural medicines with no residual effects, and a natural protection of the human being. In addition, further studies at a molecular level are needed to reveal its mechanism of action particularly for the hypocholesterolemic effect of black tea to overcome the heart-related diseases, fewer side effects and being a natural safeguard of human health.
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Cellular protective effect of novel dimeric ferulamide derivatives against UVA and 1 O 2 and its structural mechanism. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vahedian Z, Fakhraie G, Bovet J, Mozaffarieh M. Nutritional recommendations for individuals with Flammer syndrome. EPMA J 2017; 8:187-195. [PMID: 28824740 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Flammer syndrome (FS) describes the phenotype of people with a predisposition for an altered reaction of the blood vessels to stimuli like coldness or emotional stress. The question whether such people should be treated is often discussed. On the one hand, most of these subjects are healthy; on the other hand, FS seems to predispose to certain eye diseases such as normal tension glaucoma or retinitis pigmentosa or systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis or tinnitus. A compromise between doing nothing and a drug treatment is the adaption of nutrition. But what do we mean by healthy food consumption for subjects with FS? The adaption of nutrition depends on the health condition. Whereas patients with e.g. a metabolic syndrome should reduce their calorie intake, this can be counterproductive for subjects with FS, as most subjects with FS have already a low body mass index (BMI) and the lower the BMI the stronger the FS symptoms. Accordingly, while fasting is healthy e.g. for subjects with metabolic syndrome, fasting can even dangerously aggravate the vascular dysregulation, as it has been nicely demonstrated by the loss of retinal vascular regulation during fasting. To give another example, while reducing salt intake is recommended for subjects with systemic hypertensions, such a salt restriction can aggravate systemic hypotension and thereby indirectly also the vascular regulation in subjects with FS. This clearly demonstrates that such a preventive adaption of nutrition needs to be personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Vahedian
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Fakhraie
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maneli Mozaffarieh
- Augen Glattzentrum, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Naturally Occurring Compounds: New Potential Weapons against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071481. [PMID: 28698529 PMCID: PMC5535971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-described imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of cells and tissues. The overproduction of free radicals damages all components of the cell (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) and modifies their physiological functions. As widely described, this condition is a biochemical hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may dramatically influence the progression of renal impairment and the onset/development of major systemic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases. This state is exacerbated by exposure of the body to uremic toxins and dialysis, a treatment that, although necessary to ensure patients' survival, exposes cells to non-physiological contact with extracorporeal circuits and membranes with consequent mitochondrial and anti-redox cellular system alterations. Therefore, it is undeniable that counteracting oxidative stress machinery is a major pharmacological target in medicine/nephrology. As a consequence, in recent years several new naturally occurring compounds, administered alone or integrated with classical therapies and an appropriate lifestyle, have been proposed as therapeutic tools for CKD patients. In this paper, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the "pioneering" in vivo testing of these agents and their inclusion in small clinical trials performed in patients affected by CKD.
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Cui L, Liu Y, Liu T, Yuan Y, Yue T, Cai R, Wang Z. Extraction of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Epicatechin Gallate from Tea Leaves Using β-Cyclodextrin. J Food Sci 2017; 82:394-400. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F Univ.; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
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Granata S, Dalla Gassa A, Tomei P, Lupo A, Zaza G. Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:49. [PMID: 26612997 PMCID: PMC4660721 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Alessandra Dalla Gassa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Paola Tomei
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
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Chu KO, Chan KP, Yang YP, Qin YJ, Li WY, Chan SO, Wang CC, Pang CP. Effects of EGCG content in green tea extract on pharmacokinetics, oxidative status and expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes in the rat ocular tissues. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1357-67. [PMID: 26362107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) exerts antioxidative activities in ocular tissues of rats, but high levels of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can induce oxidative stress. In this study, pharmacokinetics, diurnal variation of oxidative status, antioxidation and transcription factors changes in ocular tissues of rats were investigated. Rats were fed intragastrically with GTE and catechin mixtures containing different amounts of EGCG. Plasma and various ocular tissues were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis, oxidation marker testings and gene expression assays. Effects of EGCG on ocular oxidation status were assessed by 8-isoprostane level and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. Oxidation, inflammation and apoptosis regulations in retina were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Epicatechin, epigallocatechin and EGCG were dominant in various ocular tissues except vitreous humor, where gallocatechin was predominant. Diurnal variation of oxidative status was found in some compartments. GTE caused oxidative stress increase in the plasma, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, cornea and retina but decrease in the lens and choroid-sclera. Catechins mixture containing half dose of EGCG lowered 8-isoprostane in the retina and lens. GTE treatment induced superoxide dismutase 1 and glutathione peroxidase-3 expressions but suppressed catalase in the retina. Our results reveal pro-oxidation of GTE with high EGCG content to the ocular tissues. Optimal EGCG level is needed for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Ya Ping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Yong Jie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Wai Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
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Li H, Wu X, Wu Q, Gong D, Shi M, Guan L, Zhang J, Liu J, Yuan B, Han G, Zou Y. Green tea polyphenols protect against okadaic acid-induced acute learning and memory impairments in rats. Nutrition 2014; 30:337-42. [PMID: 24484683 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) are now being considered possible protective agents in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies suggested that GTPs could inhibit amyloid fibril formation and protect neurons from toxicity induced by β-amyloid. However, whether GTPs can ameliorate learning and memory impairments and also reduce tau hyperphosphorylation induced by okadaic acid (OA) in rats remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if GTPs have neuroprotection against OA-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS In this work, rats were pretreated with GTPs by intragastric administration for 4 wk. Then OA was microinjected into the right dorsal hippocampus. Morris water maze tests were used to test the ethologic changes in all groups, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation was detected both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The ethologic test indicated that the staying time and swimming distance in the target quadrant were significantly decreased after OA treatment, whereas rats pretreated with GTPs stayed longer in the target quadrant. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and lactate dehydrogenase leakage showed that GTPs greatly ameliorated primary hippocampal neurons damage induced by OA. Furthermore, reduced hyperphosphorylated tau protein was detected with GTPs pretreatment. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that GTPs have neuroprotection against OA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiukui Wu
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dezheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meijun Shi
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guozhu Han
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Kim HK, Kim M, Kim S, Kim M, Chung JH. Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol on Cognitive and Acetylcholinesterase Activities. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:1977-9. [PMID: 15388975 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of tea polyphenol (TP) on cognitive and anti-cholinesterase activity was examined in scopolamine-treated mice. Chronic administration of TP significantly reversed scopolamine-induced retention deficits in both step-through passive avoidance and spontaneous alternation behavior tasks. Furthermore, TP exhibited a dramatic inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. This finding suggests that TP might be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea.
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Epigallocatechin gallate supplementation protects against renal injury induced by fluoride intoxication in rats: Role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:12-30. [PMID: 28962222 PMCID: PMC5598207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride intoxication generates free radicals, causing oxidative stress that plays a critical role in the progression of nephropathy. In the present study, we hypothesized that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, protects the kidneys of rats treated with fluoride by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Pretreatment of fluoride-treated rats with EGCG resulted in a significant normalization of creatinine clearance and levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Fluoride intoxication significantly increased renal oxidative stress markers and decreased the levels of renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, renal NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB were also increased in the renal tissue of fluoride-treated rats. Further, EGCG pretreatment produced a significant improvement in renal antioxidant status and reduced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and the levels of inflammatory markers in fluoride-treated kidney. Similarly, mRNA and protein analyses showed that EGCG pretreatment normalized the renal expression of Nrf2/Keap1 and its downstream regulatory proteins in fluoride-treated rat kidney. EGCG also effectively attenuated fluoride-induced renal apoptosis by the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c. Histology and immunohistochemical observations of Kim-1 provided further evidence that EGCG effectively protects the kidney from fluoride-mediated oxidative damage. These results suggest that EGCG ameliorates fluoride-induced oxidative renal injury by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Key Words
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- Bax, B-cell associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- Fluoride
- G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
- GCSH, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GST, glutathione S-transferease
- GSTM, glutathione S-transferase Mu
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Keap-1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- Kidney
- Kim-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxide
- NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- NaF, sodium fluoride
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2
- Oxidative stress
- PC, protein carbonyl
- ROS/RNS, reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species
- Rat
- Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TSH, total sulfhydryl groups
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Zhu S, Li Y, Li Z, Ma C, Lou Z, Yokoyama W, Wang H. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of acetylated EGCG and antioxidant properties of the acetylated derivatives. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yan J, Zhao Y, Zhao B. Green tea catechins prevent obesity through modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:804-10. [PMID: 23864528 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that drinking green tea is associated with a lower risk of obesity and related diseases. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanisms of green tea catechins (GTCs) through modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor (PPAR) pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. GTC supplementation significantly attenuated the increased body and liver weights and the elevated serum and liver triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GTCs increased the PPARγ levels in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) and decreased the PPARγ levels in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT). In addition, GTC treatment up-regulated the levels of PPARδ in SWAT, VWAT, and brown adipose tissue and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Our results suggest that GTCs exert their anti-obesity mechanism in part by modulating PPAR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Thangapandiyan S, Miltonprabu S. Epigallocatechin gallate effectively ameliorates fluoride-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:528-37. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) compounds is a worldwide health concern. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea catechin found in a variety of green tea preparations. The intention of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective role of EGCG in NaF-intoxicated rats. Rats were orally treated with NaF alone (25 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) or plus EGCG at different doses (20, 40, and 80 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) for 4 weeks. Hepatotoxicity of NaF was determined by increased levels of serum hepatospecific markers and total bilirubin, along with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content, and conjugated dienes. The hepatotoxic nature of NaF was further evidenced by the decreased activity of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels in liver. NaF-treated rats also showed increased DNA damage and fragmentation in hepatocytes. Administration of EGCG (40 mg·(kg body mass)−1) to NaF-intoxicated rats significantly recuperated the distorted biochemical indices, DNA damage, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. Thus, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that EGCG has strong free radical scavenging, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties that protect against NaF-induced oxidative hepatic injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Miltonprabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Amelioration of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration by catechin hydrate in rat model of streptozotocin-induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer’s type. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:492-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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EL BOGHDADY NOHAA, DARWISH HEBATALLAHA. CHEMOMODULATORY EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVAAND GREEN TEA AGAINST FE-NTA-MEDIATED RENAL OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Green Tea Extract Ameliorates Learning and Memory Deficits in Ischemic Rats via Its Active Component Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate by Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:163106. [PMID: 22919410 PMCID: PMC3419441 DOI: 10.1155/2012/163106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke results in brain damage and behavioral deficits including memory impairment. Protective effects of green tea extract (GTex) and its major functional polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on memory were examined in cerebral ischemic rats. GTex and EGCG were administered 1 hr before middle cerebral artery ligation in rats. GTex, EGCG, and pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly improved ishemic-induced memory impairment in a Morris water maze test. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were increased by long-term treatment with GTex and EGCG. Both compounds were also associated with reduced cerebral infraction breakdown of MDA and GSH in the hippocampus. In in vitro experiments, EGCG had anti-inflammatory effects in BV-2 microglia cells. EGCG inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced nitric oxide production and reduced cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV-2 cells. GTex and its active polyphenol EGCG improved learning and memory deficits in a cerebral ischemia animal model and such protection may be due to the reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Ebrahimi A, Schluesener H. Natural polyphenols against neurodegenerative disorders: potentials and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:329-45. [PMID: 22336470 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the last years, a rapidly growing number of polyphenolic compounds with neuroprotective effects have been described. Many efforts have been made to explore the mechanisms behind the neuroprotective action of polyphenols. However, many pathways and mechanisms considered for mediating these effects are rather general than specific. Moreover, despite the beneficial effects of polyphenols in experimental treatment of neurodegeneration, little has been achieved in bringing them into routine clinical applications. In this review, we have summarized the protective effects of polyphenols against neurodegeneration, and we have also discussed some of the barricades in translating these biochemical compounds, into relevant therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Agarwal A, Chakraborty P, Chakraborty DD, Saharan VA. Phytosomes: Complexation, Utilisation and Commerical Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2012.10719111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Türkkan B, Ozyürek M, Bener M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant capacity of naringenin-oxime. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 85:235-240. [PMID: 22024453 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of the benefits of polyphenolic antioxidants is eliciting increasing interest in the search for new polyphenolic derivatives with improved antioxidant activity. Since naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) (NG) is one of the most abundant citrus and grapefruit polyphenolics and flavanone oximes were used in the synthesis of anticancer and radioprotector compounds having antiradical activity, the corresponding oxime of NG, naringenin oxime (NG-Ox), was synthesized and investigated. The structure of NG-Ox was characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, and the synthesized compound was screened for its antioxidant capacity by using the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of NG-Ox was measured to be higher than that of the parent compound, NG. Other parameters of antioxidant activity (scavenging effects on *OH, O(2)*-, and H(2)O(2)) of NG-Ox were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baki Türkkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Harran University, Osmanbey 63300, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Peng L, Wang X, Shi X, Li C, Ye C, Song X. Characterization of the constituents and antioxidative activity of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla). Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ha HL, Shin HJ, Feitelson MA, Yu DY. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hepatic pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:6035-43. [PMID: 21182217 PMCID: PMC3012582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i48.6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long term hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor in pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encoded proteins, hepatitis B virus X protein and preS, appear to contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of HCC. Both are associated with oxidative stress, which can damage cellular molecules like lipids, proteins, and DNA during chronic infection. Chronic alcohol use is another important factor that contributes to oxidative stress in the liver. Previous studies reported that treatment with antioxidants, such as curcumin, silymarin, green tea, and vitamins C and E, can protect DNA from damage and regulate liver pathogenesis-related cascades by reducing reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes some of the relationships between oxidative stress and liver pathogenesis, focusing upon HBV and alcohol, and suggests antioxidant therapeutic approaches.
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Deng Q, Xu J, Yu B, He J, Zhang K, Ding X, Chen D. Effect of dietary tea polyphenols on growth performance and cell-mediated immune response of post-weaning piglets under oxidative stress. Arch Anim Nutr 2010; 64:12-21. [PMID: 20496858 DOI: 10.1080/17450390903169138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To gain insights into the effects of tea polyphenols (TP) on growth performance and cell-mediated immune response of piglets under oxidative stress, an oxidative stress model was established by intraperitoneally injecting weaned piglets with diquat. After intake of either basal diet or TP-supplemented diet for 7 d, half of the piglets in each group were challenged with diquat. Results showed that dietary TP alleviated growth depression to some extent. A T lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) demonstrated that TP promoted the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was elevated, indicating a recovering tendency from immune damages caused by oxidative stress. The increment of pro-inflammatory IL-1 caused by oxidative stress was attenuated, and the concentration of serum IFN-gamma was decreased by TP-supplementation. However, the serum concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokine, such as IL-4, were greatly enhanced by TP, which suggested an immune shift from Th1 to Th2. These findings supported the immunomodulatory potential of TP for piglets subjected to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilan Deng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Wojciech Ł, Ewa Z, Elzbieta S. Influence of green tea on erythrocytes antioxidant status of different age rats intoxicated with ethanol. Phytother Res 2010; 24:424-8. [PMID: 19777505 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of green tea on the erythrocyte antioxidant system of ethanol-intoxicated rats, as well as its efficacy in the prevention of lipid peroxidation. Rats (2, 12 and 24 months old) were fed on a control or an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet with and without green tea (7 g/L) for 5 weeks. Examination included the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of both non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation marker in rat erythrocytes. It was shown that ageing was accompanied by changes in the antioxidant enzymes activity - increase in the SOD and CAT activity and decrease in GSSG-R and GSH-Px activity, as well as in the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants - GSH, vitamin A and vitamin E. The increase in the level of lipid peroxidation marker - MDA - was also observed. Green tea consumption partially prevented lipid peroxidation process, especially in erythrocytes of 2- and 12-month-old rats. It was proved that ethanol administration caused a statistically significant decrease in the activity/level of the examined antioxidants in all age groups (the most significant in the case of 24-month-old rats) of rats, as well as an increase in the MDA level. However, ingestion of green tea by ethanol-intoxicated rats partially prevented the decrease in activity/level of all examined antioxidant parameters, as well as protected lipids against peroxidation in all age groups of rats. Obtained results confirm the beneficial effect of green tea on erythrocyte antioxidant abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łuczaj Wojciech
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Surendran S, Rajasankar S. Parkinson’s disease: oxidative stress and therapeutic approaches. Neurol Sci 2010; 31:531-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kumar P, Kumar A. Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate following 3-nitropropionic acid-induced brain damage: possible nitric oxide mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 207:257-70. [PMID: 19763544 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of oxidative stress has been well known in neurodegenerative disorders. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a plant-based mycotoxin that produces HD like symptoms in animals. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide mechanisms have been recently proposed in the 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the major components of green tea, known for its potent antioxidant activity. Besides, neuroprotective effect of EGCG has also been suggested in different experimental models. OBJECTIVES The present study has been designed to examine possible effect of EGCG against 3-NP induced behavioral, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and striatal damage in rats and its possible interaction with nitric oxide modulators. MATERIAL AND METHODS Systemic 3-NP (10 mg/kg) administration for 14 days significantly reduced locomotor activity, body weight, grip strength, oxidative defense (raised levels of lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, depletion of antioxidant enzyme), and mitochondrial enzymes activity in striatum, cortex, and hippocampal regions of the brain. RESULTS Fourteen days of EGCG pretreatment (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) significantly attenuated behavioral alterations, oxidative damage, mitochondrial complex enzymes dysfunction, and striatal damage in 3-NP-treated animals. L-arginine (50 mg/kg) pretreatment with sub-effective dose of EGCG (20 mg/kg) significantly reversed the protective behavioral, biochemical, cellular, and histological effects of EGCG. However, L-NAME (10 mg/kg) pretreatment with EGCG (20 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the protective effect of EGCG which was significant as compared to their effect per se. CONCLUSION The present study shows that EGCG attenuate 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity, and nitric oxide modulation might be involved in its protective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Weinreb O, Amit T, Mandel S, Youdim MBH. Neuroprotective molecular mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: a reflective outcome of its antioxidant, iron chelating and neuritogenic properties. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 4:283-96. [PMID: 19756809 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tea, the major source of dietary flavonoids, particularly the epicatechins, signifies the second most frequently consumed beverage worldwide, which varies its status from a simple ancient cultural drink to a nutrient component, endowed possible beneficial neuro-pharmacological actions. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress, resulting in reactive oxygen species generation, plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, supporting the implementation of radical scavengers and metal chelating agents, such as natural tea polyphenols, for therapy. Vast epidemiology data indicate a correlation between occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and green tea consumption. In particular, recent literature strengthens the perception that diverse molecular signaling pathways, participating in the neuroprotective activity of the major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), renders this natural compound as potential agent to reduce the risk of various neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we discuss the studies concerning the mechanisms of action implicated in EGCG-induced neuroprotection and discuss the vision to translate these findings into a lifestyle arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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Zhao B. Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:630-8. [PMID: 19125328 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
"Modern" medicine and pharmacology require an effective medical drug with a single compound for a specific disease. This seams very scientific but usually has unavoidable side effects. For example, the chemical therapy to cancer can totally damage the immunological ability of the patient leading to death early than non-treatment. On the other hand, natural antioxidant drugs not only can cure the disease but also can enhance the immunological ability of the patient leading to healthier though they usually have several compounds or a mixture. For the degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), natural antioxidant drugs are suitable drugs, because the pathogenesis of these diseases is complex with many targets and pathways. These effects are more evidence when the clinic trial is for long term treatment. The author reviews the studies on the protecting effects of natural antioxidants on neurons in neurodegenerative diseases, especially summarized the results about protective effect of green tea polyphenols on neurons against apoptosis of cellular and animal PD models, and of genestine and nicotine on neurons against A beta-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neuronal and transgenic mouse AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that consumption of fruit and vegetables plays a role in preventing the onset of CVD. These beneficial effects have been linked to the presence of polyphenolic compounds in plant-derived foods and their antioxidant capacity. It has been hypothesised that polyphenols may also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cell growth and the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and other roles of the endothelium. Previous studies in this area have tended to use concentrations of polyphenols that are supraphysiological (1-100 microm). The effects of more physiological concentrations (0.1 microm) of various individual polyphenols on gene expression were therefore investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using both microarray and quantitative RT-PCR methodologies. Treatment of HUVEC with ferulic acid, quercetin or resveratrol (0.1 microm) resulted in changes to gene expression that for the three treatments amounted to significant (>2-fold) down-regulation of the expression of 363 genes and significant (>2-fold) up-regulation of 233 genes of the 10 000 genes present on the microarray. The majority of these genes were affected by resveratrol. Quantitative RT-PCR studies indicated that resveratrol (0.1 microm) significantly increased the expression of the gene encoding endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which synthesises the vasodilator molecule NO, and both resveratrol and quercetin decreased expression of the potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 (ET-1), while ferulic acid had no effect. The effects of resveratrol (0.1 microm) were also investigated when HUVEC were under oxidative stress following treatment with H2O2 (0-50 microm), which dose-dependently increased expression of eNOS and ET-1. Resveratrol stimulated eNOS mRNA in the absence of H2O2 and still allowed the increase with H2O2, but the effects were not additive. In contrast, resveratrol blocked the stimulatory effect of H2O2 on ET-1 expression. Hence, resveratrol has potent effects at a physiological concentration (0.1 microm) that would be expected to result in vasodilation and therefore help reduce blood pressure and the risk of CVD.
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Gonta M, Duca G, Porubin D. Establishment of the Antioxidant/Antiradical Activity of the Inhibitors Using the DPPH–Radical. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2008. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2008.03(1).01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This research paper presents the results of the investigation of antioxidant activities of various inhibitors, which are constituents of winery products: quercitin, rezveratrol, dihydroxyfumaric acid. Also, the antioxidant activity of tartaric and dihydroxyfumaric (DFH4) acids derivatives has been determined: sodium dihydroxyfumarate, dimethylic ester of DFH4 and dimethylic ester of tartaric acid. The enotannin extracts obtained from grape seeds have been evaluated: the non-oxidized enotannin extract Eneox and the oxidized one -Enoxil.
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Burckhardt IC, Gozal D, Dayyat E, Cheng Y, Li RC, Goldbart AD, Row BW. Green tea catechin polyphenols attenuate behavioral and oxidative responses to intermittent hypoxia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:1135-41. [PMID: 18276944 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200701-110oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The intermittent hypoxia (IH) that characterizes sleep-disordered breathing impairs spatial learning and increases NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in rodents. We hypothesized that green tea catechin polyphenols (GTPs) may attenuate IH-induced neurobehavioral deficits by reducing IH-induced NADPH oxidase expression, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of GTP administered in drinking water on the cognitive, inflammatory, and oxidative responses to long-term (>14 d) IH during sleep in male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS Cognitive assessments were conducted in the Morris water maze. We measured levels and expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E(2), p47(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in rodent brain tissue. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS GTP treatment prevented IH-induced decreases in spatial bias for the hidden platform during the Morris water maze probe trails as well as IH-induced increases in p47phox expression within the hippocampal CA1 region. In untreated animals, IH exposure was associated with doubling of cortical MDA levels in comparison to room air control animals, and GTP-treated animals exposed to IH showed a 40% reduction in MDA levels. Increases in brain RAGE and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression were observed in IH-exposed animals, and these increases were attenuated in animals treated with GTP. CONCLUSIONS Oral GTP attenuates IH-induced spatial learning deficits and mitigates IH-induced oxidative stress through multiple beneficial effects on oxidant pathways. Because oxidative processes underlie neurocognitive deficits associated with IH, the potential therapeutic role of GTP in sleep-disordered breathing deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Burckhardt
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, 570 South Preston Street, Suite 204, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Niemeyer ED, Brodbelt JS. Isomeric differentiation of green tea catechins using gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1749-59. [PMID: 17702600 PMCID: PMC2048816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer are used to differentiate galloylated catechin stereoisomers (catechin gallate and epicatechin gallate; gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate) and the nongalloylated analogs (catechin and epicatechin, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin). Significant differences in the hydrogen/deuterium exchange behavior of the four pairs of deprotonated catechin stereoisomers are observed upon reaction with D(2)O. Interestingly, the nongalloylated catechins undergo H/D exchange to a much greater extent than the galloylated species, incorporating deuterium at both aromatic/allylic and active phenolic sites. Nongalloylated catechin isomers are virtually indistinguishable by their H/D exchange kinetics over a wide range of reaction times (0.05 to 10 s). Our experimental results are explained using high-level ab initio calculations to elucidate the subtle structural variations in the catechin stereoisomers that lead to their differing H/D exchange kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Niemeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas 78626, USA.
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Wang JS, Luo H, Wang P, Tang L, Yu J, Huang T, Cox S, Gao W. Validation of green tea polyphenol biomarkers in a phase II human intervention trial. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:232-40. [PMID: 17888558 PMCID: PMC2253676 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Health benefits of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have been reported in many animal models, but human studies are inconclusive. This is partly due to a lack of biomarkers representing green tea consumption. In this study, GTP components and metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine samples collected from a phase II intervention trial carried out in 124 healthy adults who received 500- or 1000-mg GTPs or placebo for 3 months. A significant dose-dependent elevation was found for (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) (p<0.001, trend test) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (p<0.05, trend test) concentrations in plasma at both 1-month and 3-months after intervention with GTPs. No significant increase of (-)-epicatechin (EC) or (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) was observed in plasma after GTP intervention. A mixed-effects model indicated significant effects of dose (EGCG) and dose by time interaction (ECG), but not for EC and EGC. Analysis of phase 2 metabolic conjugates revealed a predominance of free GTPs in plasma, up to 85% for EGCG, while a majority of GTPs in urine were sulfated and glucuronidated conjugates (up to 100% for EC and 89% for EGC). These results suggest that plasma ECG and EGCG concentrations are reliable biomarkers for green tea consumption at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163, USA.
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Zhao B. The Health Effects of Tea Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Mechanism. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.38.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sutherland BA, Rahman RMA, Appleton I. Mechanisms of action of green tea catechins, with a focus on ischemia-induced neurodegeneration. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 17:291-306. [PMID: 16443357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Catechins are dietary polyphenolic compounds associated with a wide variety of beneficial health effects in vitro, in vivo and clinically. These therapeutic properties have long been attributed to the catechins' antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. Emerging evidence has shown that catechins and their metabolites have many additional mechanisms of action by affecting numerous sites, potentiating endogenous antioxidants and eliciting dual actions during oxidative stress, ischemia and inflammation. Catechins have proven to modulate apoptosis at various points in the sequence, including altering expression of anti- and proapoptotic genes. Their anti-inflammatory effects are activated through a variety of different mechanisms, including modulation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Catechins' actions of attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response may, in part, account for their confirmed neuroprotective capabilities following cerebral ischemia. The versatility of the mechanisms of action of catechins increases their therapeutic potential as interventions for numerous clinical disorders. However, more epidemiological and clinical studies need to be undertaken for their efficacy to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Sutherland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Chung JH, Kim M, Kim HK. Green tea polyphenols suppress nitric oxide–induced apoptosis and acetylcholinesterase activity in human neuroblastoma cells. Nutr Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hakim IA, Chow HHS, Harris RB, Dean M, Ali IU. hOGG1 Genotype, Green Tea and Oxidative DNA Damage among Heavy Smokers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2165/01197065-200401040-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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