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Yuan D, Wang P, Yang L, Quimby JL, Sun YP. Carbon "quantum" dots for bioapplications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:300-309. [PMID: 34861117 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211057513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon "quantum" dots or carbon dots (CDots) exploit and enhance the intrinsic photoexcited state properties and processes of small carbon nanoparticles via effective nanoparticle surface passivation by chemical functionalization with organic species. The optical properties and photoinduced redox characteristics of CDots are competitive to those of established conventional semiconductor quantum dots and also fullerenes and other carbon nanomaterials. Highlighted here are major advances in the exploration of CDots for their serving as high-performance yet nontoxic fluorescence probes for one- and multi-photon bioimaging in vitro and in vivo, and for their uniquely potent antimicrobial function to inactivate effectively and efficiently some of the toughest bacterial pathogens and viruses under visible/natural or ambient light conditions. Opportunities and challenges in the further development of the CDots platform and related technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jesse L Quimby
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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2
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Wang Y, Gao M, Chen Q, Yu F, Jiang G, Chen L. Associated Detection of Superoxide Anion and Mercury(II) under Chronic Mercury Exposure in Cells and Mice Models via a Three-Channel Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9769-9778. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research
Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research
Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingguo Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research
Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for
Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research
Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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3
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Sasaki T, Awaji T, Shimada K, Sasaki H. Increase of reactive oxygen species generation in cerebral cortex slices after the transiently enhanced metabolic activity. Neurosci Res 2017; 123:55-64. [PMID: 28499835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Under certain conditions such as hypoxia-reoxygenation, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases following hypoxia caused by a decreased oxygen supply. As another hypoxic condition, an excess neural activity status including epileptic seizure induces a decrease in tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2) caused by enhanced oxygen utilization; however, whether ROS generation increases following the hypoxic status induced by transiently enhanced energy metabolism in brain tissue currently remains unknown. We herein investigated ROS-dependent chemiluminescence in cerebral cortex slices during the restoration of transiently enhanced energy metabolism induced by a high-potassium treatment with tissue pO2 changes and redox balance. ROS generation in the tissue was enhanced after high-potassium-induced hypoxia, but not by the reversed order of the treatment: control-potassium then high-potassium treatment, high-potassium treatment alone, and control-potassium treatment alone. The high-potassium treatment induced a transient decrease in tissue pO2 and a shift in the tissue redox balance towards reduction. The transient shift in the tissue redox balance towards reduction with enhanced metabolic activity and its recovery may correlate with ROS generation. This phenomenon may mimic ROS generation following the hypoxic status induced by transiently enhanced energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sasaki
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Kitasato University School of Allied of Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Takuji Awaji
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Kitasato University School of Allied of Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shimada
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Kitasato University School of Allied of Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Haruyo Sasaki
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Kitasato University School of Allied of Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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4
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Mohammed OJ, Latif ML, Pratten MK. Diabetes-induced effects on cardiomyocytes in chick embryonic heart micromass and mouse embryonic D3 differentiated stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:242-253. [PMID: 28286266 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is a considerable medical challenge, since it is related to augmented morbidity and mortality concerns for both the fetus and the pregnant woman. Records show that the etiology of diabetic embryopathy is complicated, as many teratological factors might be involved in the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced congenital malformation. In this study, the potential cardiotoxic effect of hyperglycemia with hyperketonemia was investigated by using two in vitro models; primary chick embryonic cardiomyocytes and stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, where adverse effects were recorded in both systems. The cells were evaluated by changes in beating activity, cell activity, protein content, ROS production, DNA damage and differentiating stem cell migration. The diabetic formulae used produced an increase in DNA damage and a decline in cell migration in mouse embryonic stem cells. These results provide an additional insight into adverse effects during gestational diabetes mellitus and a recommendation for expectant mothers and maternity staff to monitor glycaemic levels months ahead of conception. This study also supports the recommendation of using antioxidants during pregnancy to prevent DNA damage by the production of ROS, which might result in heart defects as well as other developmental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar J Mohammed
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Liaque Latif
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret K Pratten
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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5
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Yu F, Gao M, Li M, Chen L. A dual response near-infrared fluorescent probe for hydrogen polysulfides and superoxide anion detection in cells and in vivo. Biomaterials 2015; 63:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Kundu K, Knight SF, Lee S, Taylor WR, Murthy N. A significant improvement of the efficacy of radical oxidant probes by the kinetic isotope effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 49:6134-8. [PMID: 20645373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Kundu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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7
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Lundvig DMS, Pennings SWC, Brouwer KM, Mtaya-Mlangwa M, Mugonzibwa E, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Cytoprotective responses in HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to high doses of curcumin. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:298-307. [PMID: 26071936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that involves the well-coordinated interactions of different cell types. Topical application of high doses of curcumin, a plant-derived polyphenol, enhances both normal and diabetic cutaneous wound healing in rodents. For optimal tissue repair interactions between epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts are essential. We previously demonstrated that curcumin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and apoptosis in dermal fibroblasts, which could be prevented by pre-induction of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1. To better understand the effects of curcumin on wound repair, we now assessed the effects of high doses of curcumin on the survival of HaCaT keratinocytes and the role of the HO system. We exposed HaCaT keratinocytes to curcumin in the presence or absence of the HO-1 inducers heme (FePP) and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP). We then assessed cell survival, ROS formation, and caspase activation. Curcumin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Both FePP and CoPP induced HO-1 expression, but only FePP protected against curcumin-induced ROS formation and caspase-mediated apoptosis. In the presence of curcumin, FePP but not CoPP induced the expression of the iron scavenger ferritin. Together, our data show that the induction of ferritin, but not HO, protects HaCaT keratinocytes against cytotoxic doses of curcumin. The differential response of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to high curcumin doses may provide the basis for improving curcumin-based wound healing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan W C Pennings
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien M Brouwer
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Emeria Mugonzibwa
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Lundvig DM, Pennings SW, Brouwer KM, Mtaya-Mlangwa M, Mugonzibwa EA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW, Wagener FA. Curcumin induces differential expression of cytoprotective enzymes but similar apoptotic responses in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2015; 330:429-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Platkov M, Tirosh R, Kaufman M, Zurgil N, Deutsch M. Photobleaching of fluorescein as a probe for oxidative stress in single cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 140:306-14. [PMID: 25218588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ROS are involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. Apoptosis and necrosis are processes that are induced by changes in concentrations of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This study aims to detect and quantify the cellular response to changing ROS concentrations in the scope of apoptosis and necrosis. METHODS Photobleaching of the fluorescent substrate fluorescein is used as a probe to detect the response of individual Jurkat-T-lymphocytes and Prostate-Cancer-3(PC-3) cells to oxidative stress, induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). A kinetic model is proposed to describe changes in intracellular dye quantities due to photobleaching, dye hydrolysis, influx and leakage, yielding a single time-dependent decaying exponent+constant. RESULTS Fluorescein photobleaching is controlled and used to detect intracellular ROS. An increase in the decay time of fluorescence of intracellular fluorescein (slow photobleaching) was measured from cells incubated with H₂O₂ at 50 μM. At higher H₂O₂ concentrations a decrease in the decay time was measured (fast photobleaching), in contrast to in vitro results with fluorescein and H₂O₂ in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), where the addition of H₂O₂ decreases the decay time, regardless of the irradiation dose used. CONCLUSIONS The anomalous, ROS-concentration dependent reduction of the photobleaching rate in cells, as opposed to solutions, might indicate on the regulation of the activity of intracellular oxidative-stress protective mechanisms, as seen earlier with other methods. SIGNIFICANCE Assessing photobleaching via the time decay of the fluorescence intensity of an ROS-sensitive fluorophore may be adapted to monitor oxidative stress or ROS-related processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Platkov
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Reuven Tirosh
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Menahem Kaufman
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Naomi Zurgil
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mordechai Deutsch
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Li J, O W, Li W, Jiang ZG, Ghanbari HA. Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24438-75. [PMID: 24351827 PMCID: PMC3876121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells continually generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory chain during energetic metabolism. ROS at low or moderate concentration can play important physiological roles. However, an excessive amount of ROS under oxidative stress would be extremely deleterious. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to its high oxygen consumption, weakly antioxidative systems and the terminal-differentiation characteristic of neurons. Thus, oxidative stress elicits various neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, chemotherapy could result in severe side effects on the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) of cancer patients, and a growing body of evidence demonstrates the involvement of ROS in drug-induced neurotoxicities as well. Therefore, development of antioxidants as neuroprotective drugs is a potentially beneficial strategy for clinical therapy. In this review, we summarize the source, balance maintenance and physiologic functions of ROS, oxidative stress and its toxic mechanisms underlying a number of neurodegenerative diseases, and the possible involvement of ROS in chemotherapy-induced toxicity to the CNS and PNS. We ultimately assess the value for antioxidants as neuroprotective drugs and provide our comments on the unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Geratology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wuliji O
- College of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- Panacea Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA; E-Mail:
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11
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Sasaki T, Mogi SI, Kaneko T, Kojima H, Katoh S, Sano A, Kojima S. Relationship between tissue hydroxyl radical and oxidatively modified macromolecule levels. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14:498-507. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sasaki
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Itabashi Tokyo Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Mogi
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Itabashi Tokyo Japan
- Department of Radiation Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science; Noda Chiba Japan
| | - Takao Kaneko
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Itabashi Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruka Kojima
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Itabashi Tokyo Japan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science; Noda Chiba Japan
| | - Shinsuke Katoh
- Department of Radiological Sciences; Yokohama College of Pharmacy; Yokohama city Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akira Sano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science; Noda Chiba Japan
| | - Shuji Kojima
- Department of Radiation Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science; Noda Chiba Japan
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12
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The use of fluorescent probes in the study of reactive oxygen species in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 980:321-9. [PMID: 23359163 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-287-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes can be an easy and quick method to analyze whether or not reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a particular cellular process or the result of a particular drug treatment. ROS activate a variety of cell signaling and death pathways including apoptosis and necrosis (Raha and Robinson. Am J Med Gen 106:62-70, 2001). Here we describe a number of different probes, their specificities, advantages and limitations, as well as useful techniques important for their use.
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13
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Sasaki T, Yamanaka M, Kagami N. WITHDRAWN: Superoxide generation in different brain regions of rats during normoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation. Neurosci Res 2012:S0168-0102(12)00233-7. [PMID: 25740326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2012.10.010. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sasaki
- Research Team for Molecular Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Yamanaka
- Research Team for Molecular Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Tokyo College of Medico-pharmaco Technology, Higashikasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kagami
- Research Team for Molecular Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Tokyo College of Medico-pharmaco Technology, Higashikasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8530, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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14
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Yanovsky I, Finkin-Groner E, Zaikin A, Lerman L, Shalom H, Zeeli S, Weill T, Ginsburg I, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Carbamate Derivatives of Indolines as Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10700-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inessa Yanovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Andrey Zaikin
- Institute of Drug Research,
Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel
| | - Lena Lerman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hila Shalom
- Department of Chemistry, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shani Zeeli
- Department of Chemistry, Bar
Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tehilla Weill
- Institute of Dental Research,
Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isaac Ginsburg
- Institute of Dental Research,
Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research,
Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel
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15
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Lee JH, Jeong EG, Choi MC, Kim SH, Park JH, Song SH, Park J, Bang YJ, Kim TY. Inhibition of histone deacetylase 10 induces thioredoxin-interacting protein and causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species in SNU-620 human gastric cancer cells. Mol Cells 2010; 30:107-12. [PMID: 20680488 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC)10, a novel class IIb histone deacetylase, is the most similar to HDAC6, since both contain a unique second catalytic domain. Unlike HDAC6, which is located in the cytoplasm, HDAC10 resides in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. The transcriptional targets of HDAC10 that are associated with HDAC10 gene regulation have not been identified. In the present study, we found that knockdown of HDAC10 significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in SNU-620 human gastric cancer cells; whereas inhibition of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC6 did not affect TXNIP expression. TXNIP is the endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (TRX), which acts as a cellular antioxidant. Real-time PCR and immunoblot analysis confirmed that inhibition of HDAC10 induced TXNIP expression. Compared to class I only HDAC inhibitors, inhibitors targeting both class I and II upregulated TXNIP, indicating that TXNIP is regulated by class II HDACs such as HDAC10. We further verified that inhibition of HDAC10 induced release of cytochrome c and activated apoptotic signaling molecules through accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, our results demonstrate that HDAC10 is involved in transcriptional downregulation of TXNIP, leading to altered ROS signaling in human gastric cancer cells. How TXNIP is preferentially regulated by HDAC10 needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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16
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Kundu K, Knight S, Lee S, Taylor W, Murthy N. A Significant Improvement of the Efficacy of Radical Oxidant Probes by the Kinetic Isotope Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Hernández-García D, Wood CD, Castro-Obregón S, Covarrubias L. Reactive oxygen species: A radical role in development? Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:130-43. [PMID: 20353819 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly derived from mitochondrial activity, can damage various macromolecules and consequently cause cell death. This ROS activity has been characterized in vitro, and correlative evidence suggests a role in various pathological conditions. In addition to this passive ROS activity, ROS also participate in cell signaling processes, though the relevance of this function in vivo is poorly understood. Throughout development, elevated cell activity is probably accompanied by highly active metabolism and, consequently, the production of large amounts of ROS. To allow proper development, cells must protect themselves from these potentially damaging ROS. However, to what degree ROS could participate as signaling molecules controlling fundamental and developmentally relevant cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and death is an open question. Here we discuss why available data do not yet provide conclusive evidence on the role of ROS in development, and we review recent methods to detect ROS in vivo and genetic strategies that can be exploited specifically to resolve these uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-García
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
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Sasaki T, Unno K, Tahara S, Kaneko T. Age-related increase of reactive oxygen generation in the brains of mammals and birds: Is reactive oxygen a signaling molecule to determine the aging process and life span? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010; 10 Suppl 1:S10-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Viswesh V, Gates K, Sun D. Characterization of DNA damage induced by a natural product antitumor antibiotic leinamycin in human cancer cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:99-107. [PMID: 20017514 DOI: 10.1021/tx900301r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leinamycin is a structurally novel Streptomyces-derived natural product that displays very potent activity against various human cancer cell lines (IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range). Previous in vitro biochemical studies have revealed that leinamycin alkylates DNA, generates apurinic (AP) sites and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causes DNA strand breaks. However, it is not clear whether these events occur inside cells. In the present study, we have determined the endogenous amount of AP sites and DNA strand breaks in genomic DNA and the amount of oxidative stress in a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, MiaPaCa, treated with leinamycin by utilizing the aldehyde-reactive probe assay, the comet assay, and fluorescent probes, respectively. We demonstrated that AP sites are formed rapidly following exposure to leinamycin, and the number of AP sites was increased up to seven-fold in a dose-dependent manner. However, only 25-50% of these sites remain 2 h after media containing drug molecules were aspirated and replaced with fresh media. We also observed leinamycin-induced ROS generation and a concomitant increase in apoptosis of MiaPaCa cells. Because both AP sites and ROS have the potential to generate strand breaks in cellular DNA, the comet assay was utilized to detect damage to nuclear DNA in leinamycin-treated MiaPaCa cell cultures. Both alkaline and neutral electrophoretic analysis revealed that leinamycin produces both single- and double-stranded DNA damage in drug-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the results suggest that rapid conversion of leinamycin-guanine (N7) adducts into AP sites to produce DNA strand breaks, in synergy with leinamycin-derived ROS, accounts for the exceedingly potent biological activity of this natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velliyur Viswesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Simultaneous analysis of reactive oxygen species and reduced glutathione content in living cells by polychromatic flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2010; 4:1790-7. [PMID: 20010930 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in the cell as a consequence of aerobic metabolism, and are controlled by several antioxidant mechanisms. An accurate measurement of ROS is essential to evaluate the redox status of the cell, or the effects of molecules with the pro-oxidant or antioxidant activity. Here we report a cytofluorimetric technique for measuring simultaneously, at the single-cell level, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, reduced glutathione (a main intracellular antioxidant) and cell viability. The staining is performed with the fluorescent dyes 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFH-DA), hydroethidine (HE), monobromobimane (MBB) and TO-PRO-3. This analysis is possible with new-generation flow cytometers equipped with several light sources (in our case, four lasers and an UV lamp), which excite different fluorochromes. This approach is extremely useful to study the balance between ROS content and antioxidants in cells receiving different stimuli, and to analyze the relationship between oxidative stress and cell death.
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Li P, Xie T, Duan X, Yu F, Wang X, Tang B. A New Highly Selective and Sensitive Assay for Fluorescence Imaging of.OH in Living Cells: Effectively Avoiding the Interference of Peroxynitrite. Chemistry 2010; 16:1834-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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SASAKI T. Analysis of Aging-related Oxidative Stress Status in Normal Aging Animals and Development of Anti-aging Interventions. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:29-42. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru SASAKI
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
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Hail N, Lotan R. Cancer chemoprevention and mitochondria: Targeting apoptosis in transformed cellsviathe disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics/redox state. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:49-67. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Hail N. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species affect sensitivity to curcumin-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1382-93. [PMID: 18206126 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin exhibits anticancer activity in vivo and triggers tumor cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Several in vitro studies suggest that curcumin-induced apoptosis is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or oxidative stress in transformed cells. This study compared and contrasted the effects of curcumin on human skin cancer cells and their respiration-deficient (rho0) clones to characterize the prospective oxidative stress signaling responsible for initiating apoptosis. Curcumin promoted a dose-and time-dependent G2/M cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in COLO 16 cells. Apoptosis induction in COLO 16 cells was associated with DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, the externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by an increase in intracellular ROS production. Pharmacologically lowering the mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, as well as the constitutive ROS levels, in COLO 16 cells suppressed the cytotoxic effects of curcumin. Correspondingly, the rho0 counterparts of COLO 16 cells were markedly resistant to ROS production, mitochondrial disruption, and DNA fragmentation following curcumin exposure. These observations implied that the diminution of mitochondrial ROS production protected cells against the cytotoxic effects of curcumin, and support the notion that mitochondrial respiration and redox tone are pivotal determinants in apoptosis signaling by curcumin in human skin cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numsen Hail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO 80220, USA.
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Komarov AM, Hall JM, Chmielinska JJ, Weglicki WB. Iron Uptake and Release by Macrophages is Sensitive to Propranolol. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 288:213-7. [PMID: 16718379 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have tested the effects of d-propranolol (D-Pro) on the iron uptake, iron release and oxidative response of iron-loaded cells in a cellular model of iron-overload using isolated rat peritoneal macrophages incubated with iron-dextran (Fe-D). Pretreatment of macrophages with D-Pro (5-200 microM) prior to Fe-D exposure decreased the cellular iron content and partially prevented iron release from latex-activated macrophages. Release of reactive oxygen species from activated cells was detected by dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCDHF, 5 microM) oxidation. We found that loading cells with Fe-D increased their response to latex, which was prevented by the lysosomotropic antioxidant agent D-Pro (10 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M Komarov
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye St., NW, Ross Hall, Rm. 441A, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Lund AK, Peterson SL, Timmins GS, Walker MK. Endothelin-1-mediated increase in reactive oxygen species and NADPH Oxidase activity in hearts of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) null mice. Toxicol Sci 2005; 88:265-73. [PMID: 16107552 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor characterized to play a role in detection and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Genetic deletion of the AhR results in cardiac hypertrophy that is mediated primarily by endothelin-1 (ET-1); ET-1 has been implicated in the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart, which are thought to contribute to several cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, we tested the novel hypothesis that ET-1 induces ROS in AhR null mice via ET(A) receptor activation. We first confirmed the presence of ROS in the hearts of AhR null mice by measuring superoxide (O2*-)-dependent oxidation of dihydroethidium. Ethidium fluorescence was increased 10-fold in the hearts of AhR null mice, compared to the wild type. Then, to elucidate whether ET-1 mediated the increase in ROS, mice were chronically treated with 100 ng/kg/day of the ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ-123. In AhR null mice, BQ-123 significantly reduced elevated plasma 8-isoprostane, a systemic end product of phospholipid oxidation by ROS, and cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a nonspecific assessment of ROS production. Furthermore, BQ-123 reduced both cardiac lucigenin chemiluminescence and cardiac mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits gp91phox, p47phox, and p67phox in AhR null mice below the levels observed in wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that ET-1 activation of ET(A) receptors mediates an increase in ROS that is associated with cardiac hypertrophy in AhR null mice. In addition, the ET-1-mediated increase in ROS appears to be initiated via increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie K Lund
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Komarov AM, Hall JM, Weglicki WB. Azidothymidine promotes free radical generation by activated macrophages and hydrogen peroxide-iron-mediated oxidation in a cell-free system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2004; 1688:257-64. [PMID: 15062877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2003] [Revised: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Azidothymidine (AZT) and AZT monophosphate (AZT-MP) in concentrations as low as 10 and 50 microM, respectively, promote oxidation of chemically deacetylated 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCDHF) to 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by rat peritoneal macrophages activated with latex. Cells were incubated with AZT and AZT-MP for 18 h, washed out from residual AZT or AZT-MP and activated with latex for 30 or 60 min in the presence of DCDHF. Latex-activated cells oxidize DCDHF extracellularly due to release of hydrogen peroxide and low-molecular iron complexes, which is verified using catalase, desferal and the peroxidase inhibitor sodium azide. AZT and AZT-MP increase DCDHF oxidation due to additional release of hydrogen peroxide as demonstrated by catalase inhibition of DCDHF oxidation and direct H(2)O(2) measurement. Thymidine and thymidine phosphates did not show any effect on macrophage activation. In separate experiments we evaluated the in vitro prooxidant activity of AZT, AZT-MP, AZT triphosphate (AZT-TP), AZT glucuronide (GAZT) and 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine (AMT) in a cell-free system using the hydrogen peroxide-iron-mediated oxidation of DCDHF. Under these conditions, AZT and AZT phosphates exhibit a prooxidant effect in concentrations as low as 100 microM. Furthermore, GAZT is a less effective prooxidant and AMT acts like an antioxidant. Thymidine did not show any effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M Komarov
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Ross Hall, Rm. 451A, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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28
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Halliwell B, Whiteman M. Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean? Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142:231-55. [PMID: 15155533 PMCID: PMC1574951 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1514] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals and other reactive species (RS) are thought to play an important role in many human diseases. Establishing their precise role requires the ability to measure them and the oxidative damage that they cause. This article first reviews what is meant by the terms free radical, RS, antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxidative stress. It then critically examines methods used to trap RS, including spin trapping and aromatic hydroxylation, with a particular emphasis on those methods applicable to human studies. Methods used to measure oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins and methods used to detect RS in cell culture, especially the various fluorescent "probes" of RS, are also critically reviewed. The emphasis throughout is on the caution that is needed in applying these methods in view of possible errors and artifacts in interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7 #03-08, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Liu S, Liu M, Peterson S, Miyake M, Vallyathan V, Liu KJ. Hydroxyl radical formation is greater in striatal core than in penumbra in a rat model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2003; 71:882-8. [PMID: 12605415 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) formation has been implicated in the pathophysiological changes of ischemic stroke, (*)OH production in the core and penumbra regions is not clear. It is extremely important to distinguish penumbra from ischemic core in focal cerebral ischemia studies, because the penumbra contains viable tissue, which can be salvaged by appropriate treatment. This study evaluated (*)OH production in both core and penumbra regions of ischemic striatum during ischemia and reperfusion. Microdialysis probes were placed in striatal tissue of rats subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. The (*)OH-trapping agent 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) was administered by both i.v. and probe infusion. Dialysate levels of the 4-HBA oxidation products, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), were determined by HPLC-ECD. After microdialysis probe delivery of 4-HBA, (*)OH production was significantly increased in the striatal core during both ischemia and reperfusion. Penumbra (*)OH production increased only during reperfusion. Alterations of 3,4-DHBA concentration in dialysate following i.v. 4-HBA administration were likely related to alterations in tissue blood flow. The findings were confirmed by a greater oxidation of dihydroethidium in the ischemic core than in the penumbra as determined by fluorescent microscopy. The findings of (*)OH production in ischemic striatum are the opposite of those reported for ischemic cortex and suggest critical regional variations in (*)OH production that may have significant clinical implications in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Peterson SL, Morrow D, Liu S, Liu KJ. Hydroethidine detection of superoxide production during the lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2002; 49:226-38. [PMID: 12076844 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydroethidine is reported to be selectively oxidized to ethidium by superoxide. Using digital imaging and fluorescence microscopy it is possible to evaluate neuronal ethidium accumulation in specific brain regions of rats damaged in the lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. Intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of hydroethidine prior to 1 h of status epilepticus produced diffuse cytosolic distribution of ethidium fluorescence suggesting an increased neuronal production of superoxide that was not observed in control animals. A significantly increased number of neurons with the enhanced ethidium fluorescence was observed in parietal cortex, piriform cortex, perirhinal cortex, lateral amygdala, mediodorsal thalamus and laterodorsal thalamus, suggesting superoxide as a mechanism of neuronal injury in those regions. Other regions injured by lithium-pilocarpine seizures, such as the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus, did not demonstrate the enhanced neuronal ethidium fluorescence. In such regions it is possible that superoxide is not a mechanism of injury or that 1 h of status epilepticus is not sufficient to produce superoxide or other reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Peterson
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, 2502 Marble Dr. NE, Albuquerque 87131-5691, USA.
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Hail N, Lotan R. Mitochondrial respiration is uniquely associated with the prooxidant and apoptotic effects of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:45614-21. [PMID: 11546781 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106559200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) is being examined in both chemoprevention and therapy clinical trials. Yet, its mechanism(s) of action is still not fully elucidated. In previous studies, an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species has been proposed as one mechanism through which 4HPR could exert its proapoptotic effects. This study explored whether mitochondrial respiration is required for 4HPR action using human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells and respiration-deficient clones. In parental cells, 4HPR rapidly promoted hydroperoxide production followed by mitochondrial permeability transition, caspase activity, and DNA fragmentation. Short term exposure to 4HPR also inhibited oxygen consumption in parental cells. This activity was reversed by the antioxidant vitamin C indicating the prooxidant effect of 4HPR directly impaired mitochondrial function. In respiration-deficient clones, the proapoptotic qualities of 4HPR were conspicuously diminished illustrating a central role for mitochondrial respiration in 4HPR-induced cell death. In parental cells, various mitochondrial inhibitors were examined to determine potential sites associated with the prooxidant activity of 4HPR. Inhibitors of Complex II as well as center i inhibitors of Complex III enhanced 4HPR-induced hydroperoxide production. Complex I inhibitors, center o inhibitors of Complex III, cyanide, oligomycin A, and coenzyme Q analogues decreased 4HPR-induced hydroperoxide production. The coenzyme Q analogues were very effective in this respect, and they also blocked the enhanced hydroperoxide production obtained when center i inhibitors were combined with 4HPR. These results suggest the prooxidant property of 4HPR is associated with redox metabolism via an enzymatic process occurring at a quinone-binding site in Complex I and/or center o of Complex III.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hail
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nykamp JA, Bols NC, Carlson JC. Phenanthrenequinone disrupts progesterone production in rat luteal cells. Reprod Toxicol 2001; 15:393-8. [PMID: 11489595 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the environmental contaminant phenanthrene (PH) and its photooxidized product phenanthrenequinone (PHQ) to disrupt progesterone secretion was examined in a model system of in vitro suspensions of luteal cells from the rat. Treatment with PHQ dramatically inhibited luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulated progesterone secretion. PHQ also generated a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the absence of LH, however, PHQ stimulated a small increase in basal progesterone secretion. The parent compound, PH, did not alter progesterone or ROS release. Since there is evidence that PHQ lowers the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and that nitric oxide (NO) affects progesterone production, we examined the response to the NOS inhibitors N-monomethyl-L-arginine, Zn protoporphyrin-9, and aminoguanidine in luteal cells. However, there was no effect of these agents on LH stimulated progesterone secretion. These results indicated that PHQ is a potent disrupter of progesterone secretion and should perhaps be considered in assessing the risk of PH to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Nykamp
- Biology Department, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Garle MJ, Knight A, Downing AT, Jassi KL, Clothier RH, Fry JR. Stimulation of dichlorofluorescin oxidation by capsaicin and analogues in RAW 264 monocyte/macrophages: lack of involvement of the vanilloid receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 59:563-72. [PMID: 10660122 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In studies into the oxidative burst in RAW 264 monocyte/macrophages, it was observed that capsaicin, a vanilloid receptor agonist, stimulated dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner, which could be blocked by capsazepine, a vanilloid receptor antagonist. However, by use of a number of vanilloid agonists (including N-octyl-3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetamide, 4m), we demonstrated that there was no relationship between vanilloid agonist potency and the capacity to stimulate DCFH oxidation. The oxidative burst stimulators Tween 20 and phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA) also stimulated reactive oxygen species generation, which again was inhibited by capsazepine. Use of the selective inhibitor diphenyliodonium iodide ruled out a role for plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase as the site of capsaicin- and 4m-stimulated DCFH oxidation. However, this DCFH oxidation was modulated by a number of inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration. Rotenone enhanced DCFH oxidation induced by capsaicin and 4m, whilst malonic acid and potassium cyanide inhibited this response. 2,4-Dinitrophenol, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, was without effect. The antioxidant trolox c inhibited DCFH oxidation stimulated by capsaicin, 4m, and PMA, whereas N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of glutathione, was without effect. Capsazepine inhibited DCFH oxidation in unstimulated cells and in cells treated with menadione, a redox-cycling quinone. Capsazepine was also a potent antioxidant when measured in a Fe3+ reduction assay. We concluded that DCFH oxidation stimulated by vanilloid analogues was not mediated via a vanilloid receptor, but rather by impairment of mitochondrial electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Garle
- School of Medical Biosciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
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Iglesias J, Abernethy VE, Wang Z, Lieberthal W, Koh JS, Levine JS. Albumin is a major serum survival factor for renal tubular cells and macrophages through scavenging of ROS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:F711-22. [PMID: 10564234 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1999.277.5.f711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an abundant serum lipid that binds with high affinity to albumin, is a potent survival factor for mouse proximal tubular cells and peritoneal macrophages. We show here that BSA also has potent survival activity independent of bound lipids. Delipidated BSA (dBSA) protected cells from apoptosis induced by FCS withdrawal at concentrations as low as 1% of that in FCS. dBSA did not activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, implying that its survival activity occurs via a mechanism distinct from that for most cytokines. On the basis of the following evidence, we propose that dBSA inhibits apoptosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS): 1) FCS withdrawal leads to ROS accumulation that is inhibitable by dBSA; 2) during protection from apoptosis, sulfhydryl and hydroxyl groups of dBSA are oxidized; and 3) chemical blockage of free sulfhydryl groups or preoxidation of dBSA with H(2)O(2) removes its survival activity. Moreover, dBSA confers almost complete protection from cell death in a well-established model of oxidative injury (xanthine/xanthine oxidase). These results implicate albumin as a major serum survival factor. Inhibition of apoptosis by albumin occurs through at least two distinct mechanisms: carriage of LPA and scavenging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iglesias
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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