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Santambrogio J, Ciscato V, Lorusso O, Wisidagamage Don P, Leon E, Miragliotta E, Capuzzi E, Colmegna F, Clerici M. The challenge of diagnosing cultural syndromes: A narrative review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:1016-1027. [PMID: 38475713 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241232335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2022 the total world migrant population was 281 million (an increase of approximately 62% compared to year 2000), of whom 169 million were migrant workers. The number of refugees, asylum seekers and others in need of international protection increased by 22% compared to 2021. Research has shown that the forcibly displaced have high rates of mental disorders (including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety), with an estimated prevalence almost 6 to 7 times higher than the general population. Given the increase of the overall migration phenomenon and the challenge raised by the cultural features concerning mental health, we consider that this is an area that requires close attention to ensure that culturally sensitive health services be available to the migrant and displaced population. AIMS The aim of this narrative review is to provide a background to the issue and take stock of what is currently available in the literature regarding culture-bound illnesses and the relevant diagnostic tools. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Psychinfo, Embase, Google Scholar, organized in stages to assure inclusion of all the relevant studies. Of the 703 papers initially identified, only 30 papers finally satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Eleven diagnostic scales were found, only two of which are being used for displaced people. CONCLUSIONS Further work is required in this field, including a debate as to whether scales are indeed an appropriate tool for use with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Santambrogio
- Adele Bonolis AS.FRA. Onlus Foundation, Vedano al Lambro, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, ASST Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Veronica Ciscato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, ASST Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Ottavia Lorusso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Leon
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Miragliotta
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Enrico Capuzzi
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Colmegna
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Mental Health and Addiction Department, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Musanabaganwa C, Jansen S, Wani A, Rugamba A, Mutabaruka J, Rutembesa E, Uwineza A, Fatumo S, Hermans EJ, Souopgui J, Wildman DE, Uddin M, Roozendaal B, Njemini R, Mutesa L. Community engagement in epigenomic and neurocognitive research on post-traumatic stress disorder in Rwandans exposed to the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi: lessons learned. Epigenomics 2022; 14:887-895. [PMID: 36004496 PMCID: PMC9475497 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic and neurocognitive studies have provided new perspectives on post-traumatic stress disorder and its intergenerational transmission. This article outlines the lessons learned from community engagement (CE) in such research on Rwandan genocide survivors. A strong trauma-related response was observed within the research project-targeted community (genocide survivors) during explanation of the project. CE also revealed privacy concerns, as community members worried that any leakage of genetic/(epi)genomic data could affect not only themselves but also their close relatives. Adopting a culture of CE in the process of research implementation enables the prioritization of targeted community needs and interests. Furthermore, CE has stimulated the development of mental healthcare interventions, which married couples can apply to protect their offspring and thus truly break the cycle of inherited vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Musanabaganwa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda.,Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda.,Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525EN, The Netherlands.,Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette Campus, 1090, Belgium
| | - Stefan Jansen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda.,Directorate of Research & Innovation, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, PO-BOX 4285, Rwanda
| | - Agaz Wani
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alex Rugamba
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda
| | - Jean Mutabaruka
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda
| | - Eugene Rutembesa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda
| | - Annette Uwineza
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda
| | - Segun Fatumo
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM, Entebbe, 31302, Uganda
| | - Erno J Hermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525EN, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology & Molecular Medicine (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies Campus, Gosselies, 126040, Belgium
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525EN, The Netherlands
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette Campus, 1090, Belgium
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, PO BOX 4285, Rwanda
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3
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Liu J, Chan C, Leung PWL. Youth psychopathology: Universal or culture-specific? Testing the syndrome models of youth self-report in Chinese population. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:126-141. [PMID: 34595782 PMCID: PMC10082997 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM The debate on whether psychiatric symptoms are universal and to what extent they are affected by culture is generally divided between the universalist and relativist approaches. METHODS This study compared Achenbach/Rescorla's model and Weisz's model of youth self-report in 2521 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 12 years). Indigenous exploratory factor analyses were conducted to explore the factor structure of youth self-report (YSR), and the derived models were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. FINDINGS These analyses indicated good support of the Chinese YSR models for males and females. Further analyses revealed three syndromes, namely anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, and aggressive behaviors, which represented broad internalizing and externalizing factors. These syndromes consistently demonstrated high correlations across the different models, indicating their universal nature. Conversely, some unique factors emerged in the Chinese YSR model, such as weight concern and rule-breaking behavior, which may reflect underlying culture-bound factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a combined perspective to the universalist and relativist approaches, which argues that some syndromes including Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Aggressive Behavior and Attention Problems are more likely to be universal in male adolescents, while a new emerging syndrome like Weight Concern may reflect the socioeconomic, culture, and lifestyle changes that are currently emerging in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clare Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Sanches H, Villaverde Buback Ferreira L, Gonçalves Pacheco JP, Schenberg LC, Sampaio Meireles M. When Cotard's syndrome fits the sociocultural context: The singular case of Per "Dead" Ohlin and the Norwegian black metal music scene. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 59:225-232. [PMID: 34665065 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211041205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sociocultural context of psychiatric patients shapes symptoms experience and expression, as well as how patients deal with a disorder and how society appraises its symptoms. Specifically, the context may influence the social appraisal of a behavior as normal or pathological. Therefore, markedly pathological symptoms may not be accordingly recognized by peers when they are in consonance with the sociocultural context. Per "Dead" Ohlin was a Swedish musician who was a member of the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem from 1988 until his suicide in 1991, at age 22. Black metal is a musical movement characterized by death worshiping and anti-Christianism, and is also associated with church arsons and murders during the 1990s. Even among peculiar personalities such as black metal musicians, Ohlin was considered the personification of the movement ideals due to his eccentric and unparalleled beliefs and behaviors, claiming, for instance, that he was already dead. In this article, we propose that Ohlin's eccentric beliefs and behaviors were symptoms of an unrecognized psychiatric condition, Cotard's syndrome, and discuss the diagnostic dilemma presented by Ohlin's artistic persona and singular context. The compatibility between his symptoms and the sociocultural context of black metal may have obscured his mental disorder. If so, Ohlin's unique case may shed light upon one of the effects of context in a psychopathological process: concealing a psychiatric disorder and reinforcing symptoms that fit a particular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sanches
- 499893School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Brazil.,28126Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores recent literature on the applicability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11) personality disorder classification systems across countries and cultural contexts. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies examining the cultural validity and utility of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder have been conducted in a number of language and cultural groups that are different from those in which the tools were originally developed. These studies, using quantitative methods, have largely supported the applicability of the new dimensional and trait approaches to classifying personal disorders. Studies qualitatively exploring the views of service users and clinicians on the development or operationalization of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder report that a lay summary of diagnostic constructs thatreflect concern about language of diagnostic criteria as well the lived experience of service users would be found useful. Clinicians found the dimensional system of ICD-11 slightly more useful than the categorical system of ICD-10 on several utility scales, but the studies on ICD-11 have been much less in view of its latter appearance. SUMMARY DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder have shown a preliminary evidence of improved utility across cultures. More studies, including those reflecting the views of service users, are needed to confirm this early observation across many more cultural and linguistic groups.
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Abstract
The history of emotions has become a thriving focus within the discipline of history, but it has in the process gained a critical purchase that makes it relevant for other disciplines concerned with emotion research. The history of emotions is entangled with the history of the body and brain, and with cultural and political history. It is interested in the how and why of emotion change; with the questions of power and authority behind cultural scripts of expression, conceptual usages, and emotional practices. This work has reached a level of maturity and sophistication in its theoretical and methodological orientation, and in its sheer quantity of empirical research, that it contributes to emotion knowledge within the broad framework of emotion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Boddice
- Department of History and Cultural Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Culture is part of an extensive series of feedback loops, which involve multiple organismic levels including social contexts, cognitive mediations, neural processes, and behavior. Recent studies in neuroscience show that culturally contingent social processes shape some neural pathways. Studying the influence of cultural context on neural processes may yield new insights into psychiatric disorders. New methodologies in the neurosciences offer innovative ways to assess the impact of culture on mental health and illness. However, implementing these methodologies raises important theoretical and ethical concerns, which must be resolved to address patient individuality and the complexity of cultural diversity. This article discusses cultural context as a major influence on (and consequence of) human neural plasticity and advocates a culture-brain-behavior (CBB) interaction model for conceptualizing the relationship between culture, brain, and psychiatric disorders. Recommendations are made for integrating neuroscientific techniques into transcultural psychiatric research by taking a systems approach to evaluating disorders.
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Higgs RN. Reconceptualizing Psychosis: The Hearing Voices Movement and Social Approaches to Health. Health Hum Rights 2020; 22:133-144. [PMID: 32669795 PMCID: PMC7348419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hearing Voices Movement is an international grassroots movement that aims to shift public and professional attitudes toward experiences-such as hearing voices and seeing visions-that are generally associated with psychosis. The Hearing Voices Movement identifies these experiences as having personal, relational, and cultural significance. Incorporating this perspective into mental health practice and policy has the potential to foster greater understanding and respect for consumers/survivors diagnosed with psychosis while opening up valuable avenues for future research. However, it is important that a focus on individual experiences of adversity not supersede attention to larger issues of social and economic injustice. Access to appropriate mental health care is a human right; this article will argue that the right to health additionally extends beyond individual-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Neirin Higgs
- Facilitator for the BC Hearing Voices Network and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Gureje O, Lewis-Fernandez R, Hall BJ, Reed GM. Cultural considerations in the classification of mental disorders: why and how in ICD-11. BMC Med 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 31987034 PMCID: PMC6983967 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-1493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oye Gureje
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neuroscience and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. .,Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Global Mental and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Macau, Macao, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Geoffrey M Reed
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Abiodun SJ. "Seeing Color," A Discussion of the Implications and Applications of Race in the Field of Neuroscience. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:280. [PMID: 31456674 PMCID: PMC6700357 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sade J Abiodun
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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11
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Jensen HJ, Oldenburg M. Potentially traumatic experiences of seafarers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2019; 14:17. [PMID: 31164911 PMCID: PMC6544912 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-019-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study is to assess the extent to which seafarers had been affected by severe mental stress situations and what possible psychological effects they may have. Methods During the voyages of 22 German ships, a psychologically trained investigator interviewed 323 seafarers about severe mental stress or potentially traumatic events on board (participation rate 88.5%). Furthermore, a psychologist conducted semi-standardized interviews in 12 shipping companies and in 8 stations of the German Seafarers’ Mission on seafarers’ traumatic experiences. Results Of the seafarers surveyed on board, 116 (35.9%) experienced ship wrecks/severe accidents and 55 (17.0%) piracy on board. Experiences with stowaways were indicated by 126 seafarers (39.0%). Repeatedly having to unintentionally think about these events, being reminded of them by certain noises, smells, etc., or often dreaming of them were after-effects in 97 (83.6%) of the affected seafarers after ship wrecks/serious personal accidents on board and in 42 crew members (76.4%) after threats of piracy. Experiences of threat from stowaways had particularly affected non-European seafarers or ratings. According to the interviews with the shipping companies, a total of 14 deaths occurred in the last 3 years in the 12 interviewed shipping companies (due to heart attacks (3), severe cancer (3), very serious accidents (3), suicides (2) and 3 with unknown causes of death). In relation to the container ships of the investigated shipping companies, these frequencies correspond to a mortality rate of 78.4 per 100,000 seafarer years. According to the interviews in 8 Seafarers’ Missions, these organizations are in charge of emergency counselling in the form of crisis intervention when a seafarer has experienced serious psychological stress. Discussion A serious injury or even the death of a member is a serious psychological stress experience for the other crew members in the closed social system on board. These events are particularly distressing for Filipino seafarers with their strong sociocentric bonds and religious values. Priestly support is often required in order to stabilize the Filipino crew members. Conclusion As a preventive measure, psychoeducation for seafarers should be established for coping with extreme mental stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Oldenburg
- 2Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Cohen AS, Chan RCK, Debbané M. Crossing Boundaries in Schizotypy Research: An Introduction to the Special Supplement. Schizophr Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Prashad S, Milligan AL, Cousijn J, Filbey FM. Cross-Cultural Effects of Cannabis Use Disorder: Evidence to Support a Cultural Neuroscience Approach. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017; 4:100-109. [PMID: 29062679 PMCID: PMC5650117 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cannabis use disorders (CUDs) are prevalent worldwide. Current epidemiological studies underscore differences in behaviors that contribute to cannabis use across cultures that can be leveraged towards prevention and treatment of CUDs. This review proposes a framework for understanding the effects of cross-cultural differences on psychological, neural, and genomic processes underlying CUDs that has the potential to inform global policies and impact global public health. RECENT FINDINGS We found that cultural factors may influence (1) the willingness to acknowledge CUD-related symptoms among populations of different countries, and (2) neural responses related to the sense of self, perception, emotion, and attention. These findings leverage the potential effects of culture on neural mechanisms underlying CUDs. SUMMARY As the number of individuals seeking treatment for CUDs increases globally, it is imperative to incorporate cultural considerations to better understand and serve differing populations and develop more targeted treatment strategies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prashad
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Amber L. Milligan
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca M. Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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14
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Goldstein RB, Chou SP, Saha TD, Smith SM, Jung J, Zhang H, Pickering RP, Ruan WJ, Huang B, Grant BF. The Epidemiology of Antisocial Behavioral Syndromes in Adulthood: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:90-98. [PMID: 27035627 PMCID: PMC5025322 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15m10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present current, nationally representative US findings on prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, disability, and treatment of DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and adulthood antisocial behavioral syndrome without conduct disorder before 15 years of age (AABS). METHOD Face-to-face interviews were conducted with respondents (N = 36,309) in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. DSM-5 alcohol, nicotine, and specific drug use disorders and selected mood, anxiety, trauma-related, eating, and personality disorders were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5. RESULTS Prevalences of ASPD and AABS were 4.3% and 20.3%, respectively, and were highest among male, white, Native American, younger, and unmarried respondents, those with high school or less education, lower incomes, and Western residence. Both antisocial syndromes were significantly associated with 12-month and lifetime substance use, dysthymia/persistent depressive, bipolar I, posttraumatic stress, and borderline and schizotypal personality disorders (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.2-7.0). ASPD was additionally associated with 12-month agoraphobia and lifetime generalized anxiety disorder (ORs = 1.3-1.6); AABS, with 12-month and lifetime major depressive and 12-month generalized anxiety disorders (ORs = 1.2-1.3). Both were associated with significant disability (P < .001 to .01). Most antisocial survey respondents were untreated. CONCLUSIONS One in 4 US adults exhibits syndromal antisocial behavior, with similar sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates and disability regardless of whether onset occurred before 15 years of age, illustrating the clinical and public health significance of both ASPD and AABS. In addition to laying groundwork for estimates of social and economic costs, and further etiologic and nosologic research, these findings highlight the urgency of effectively preventing and treating antisocial syndromes, including investigation of whether treatment for comorbidity hastens symptomatic remission and improves quality-of-life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risë B Goldstein
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd, Room 7B13C, MS 7510, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510.
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Patricia Chou
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tulshi D Saha
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon M Smith
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger P Pickering
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - W June Ruan
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Boji Huang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bridget F Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Fitzgerald D. Social Science and Neuroscience beyond Interdisciplinarity: Experimental Entanglements. THEORY, CULTURE & SOCIETY 2015; 32:3-32. [PMID: 25972621 PMCID: PMC4425296 DOI: 10.1177/0263276414537319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article is an account of the dynamics of interaction across the social sciences and neurosciences. Against an arid rhetoric of 'interdisciplinarity', it calls for a more expansive imaginary of what experiment - as practice and ethos - might offer in this space. Arguing that opportunities for collaboration between social scientists and neuroscientists need to be taken seriously, the article situates itself against existing conceptualizations of these dynamics, grouping them under three rubrics: 'critique', 'ebullience' and 'interaction'. Despite their differences, each insists on a distinction between sociocultural and neurobiological knowledge, or does not show how a more entangled field might be realized. The article links this absence to the 'regime of the inter-', an ethic of interdisciplinarity that guides interaction between disciplines on the understanding of their pre-existing separateness. The argument of the paper is thus twofold: (1) that, contra the 'regime of the inter-', it is no longer practicable to maintain a hygienic separation between sociocultural webs and neurobiological architecture; (2) that the cognitive neuroscientific experiment, as a space of epistemological and ontological excess, offers an opportunity to researchers, from all disciplines, to explore and register this realization.
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Heinz A, Müller DJ, Krach S, Cabanis M, Kluge UP. The uncanny return of the race concept. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:836. [PMID: 25408642 PMCID: PMC4219449 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this Hypothesis and Theory is to question the recently increasing use of the "race" concept in contemporary genetic, psychiatric, neuroscience as well as social studies. We discuss "race" and related terms used to assign individuals to distinct groups and caution that also concepts such as "ethnicity" or "culture" unduly neglect diversity. We suggest that one factor contributing to the dangerous nature of the "race" concept is that it is based on a mixture of traditional stereotypes about "physiognomy", which are deeply imbued by colonial traditions. Furthermore, the social impact of "race classifications" will be critically reflected. We then examine current ways to apply the term "culture" and caution that while originally derived from a fundamentally different background, "culture" is all too often used as a proxy for "race", particularly when referring to the population of a certain national state or wider region. When used in such contexts, suggesting that all inhabitants of a geographical or political unit belong to a certain "culture" tends to ignore diversity and to suggest a homogeneity, which consciously or unconsciously appears to extend into the realm of biological similarities and differences. Finally, we discuss alternative approaches and their respective relevance to biological and cultural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sören Krach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Maurice Cabanis
- Center for Mental Health, Klinikum Stuttgart Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike P Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
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S. Randall W, R. Nowicki D, Deshpande G, F. Lusch R. Converting knowledge into value. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION & LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/ijpdlm-08-2013-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the conversion of knowledge into value by examining the confluence of service-dominant logic (S-D logic), supply chain management (SCM), human resource management (HRM), and neuroeconomics. S-D logic suggests that knowledge is the raw material of value creation. SCM provides an organized foundation to study the conversion of raw materials into value. HRM recognizes the centrality of human decisions in the process of converting knowledge into value. Neuroscience gives insight into the efficiency and effectiveness of the human decisions processes. Global SCM provides more than markets and raw materials – global SCM provides the human resources central to value creation.
Design/methodology/approach
– This paper combines literature review with interviews from members of supply chain teams engaged in performance-based logistics (PBL) to develop a model of the S-D logic knowledge conversion process.
Findings
– The model describes individual-based decision constructs managers can expect to face as they convert knowledge, from a global supply chain team, into value. The model relates the decision maker mindset, based in neuroscience principals, to the efficiency of the knowledge conversion process. These principals are extended to suggest how managers can modulate human resource processes to improve the efficiency of economic exchange and increase supply chain resiliency.
Research limitations/implications
– This paper provides theoretical and practical insight into how differences in culture, neuronal predisposition, and genetics may influence managerial decisions. These findings provide a mechanism that researchers and managers may take to expand the boundaries of HRM in a global supply chain.
Originality/value
– This work uses a foundation of SCM research to explain efficient conversion in a knowledge-based economy. This perspective demonstrates the criticality of global HRM mindsets and decision processes necessary to achieve competitive advantage in a knowledge-based economy. This provides a context for the study and improvement of neuroeconomic efficiency of firms.
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Kirmayer LJ, Crafa D. What kind of science for psychiatry? Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:435. [PMID: 25071499 PMCID: PMC4092362 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatry has invested its hopes in neuroscience as a path to understanding mental disorders and developing more effective treatments and ultimately cures. Recently, the U.S. NIMH has elaborated this vision through a new framework for mental health research, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). This framework aims to orient mental health research toward the discovery of underlying neurobiological and biobehavioral mechanisms of mental disorders that will eventually lead to definitive treatments. In this article we consider the rationale of the RDoC and what it reveals about implicit models of mental disorders. As an overall framework for understanding mental disorders, RDoC is impoverished and conceptually flawed. These limitations are not accidental but stem from disciplinary commitments and interests that are at odds with the larger concerns of psychiatry. A multilevel, ecosocial approach to biobehavioral systems is needed both to guide relevant neuroscience research and insure the inclusion of social processes that may be fundamental contributors to psychopathology and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Kirmayer
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University & Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General HospitalMontreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Kohrt BA, Rasmussen A, Kaiser BN, Haroz EE, Maharjan SM, Mutamba BB, de Jong JTVM, Hinton DE. Cultural concepts of distress and psychiatric disorders: literature review and research recommendations for global mental health epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:365-406. [PMID: 24366490 PMCID: PMC3997373 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burgeoning global mental health endeavors have renewed debates about cultural applicability of psychiatric categories. This study's goal is to review strengths and limitations of literature comparing psychiatric categories with cultural concepts of distress (CCD) such as cultural syndromes, culture-bound syndromes, and idioms of distress. METHODS The Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) was adapted based on cultural psychiatry principles to develop a Cultural Psychiatry Epidemiology version (SAQOR-CPE), which was used to rate quality of quantitative studies comparing CCD and psychiatric categories. A meta-analysis was performed for each psychiatric category. RESULTS Forty-five studies met inclusion criteria, with 18 782 unique participants. Primary objectives of the studies included comparing CCD and psychiatric disorders (51%), assessing risk factors for CCD (18%) and instrument validation (16%). Only 27% of studies met SAQOR-CPE criteria for medium quality, with the remainder low or very low quality. Only 29% of studies employed representative samples, 53% used validated outcome measures, 44% included function assessments and 44% controlled for confounding. Meta-analyses for anxiety, depression, PTSD and somatization revealed high heterogeneity (I(2) > 75%). Only general psychological distress had low heterogeneity (I(2) = 8%) with a summary effect odds ratio of 5.39 (95% CI 4.71-6.17). Associations between CCD and psychiatric disorders were influenced by methodological issues, such as validation designs (β = 16.27, 95%CI 12.75-19.79) and use of CCD multi-item checklists (β = 6.10, 95%CI 1.89-10.31). Higher quality studies demonstrated weaker associations of CCD and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Cultural concepts of distress are not inherently unamenable to epidemiological study. However, poor study quality impedes conceptual advancement and service application. With improved study design and reporting using guidelines such as the SAQOR-CPE, CCD research can enhance detection of mental health problems, reduce cultural biases in diagnostic criteria and increase cultural salience of intervention trial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Kohrt
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie N Kaiser
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily E Haroz
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sujen M Maharjan
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Byamah B Mutamba
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joop TVM de Jong
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devon E Hinton
- Duke Global Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA, Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Butabika National Referral Mental and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, AISSR, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Kirmayer LJ, Rousseau C, Guzder J. Introduction: The Place of Culture in Mental Health Services. CULTURAL CONSULTATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7615-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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21
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Langlitz N. Cultural brains and neural histories. BIOSOCIETIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1057/biosoc.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Martínez Mateo M, Cabanis M, Cruz de Echeverría Loebell N, Krach S. Concerns about cultural neurosciences: a critical analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 36:152-61. [PMID: 21620886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago, neuroscientists began to study cultural phenomena by using functional MRI. Since then the number of publications in this field, termed cultural neuroscience (CN), has tremendously increased. In these studies, particular concepts of culture are implied, but rarely explicitly discussed. We argue that it is necessary to make these concepts a topic of debate in order to unravel the foundations of CN. From 40 fMRI studies we extracted two strands of reasoning: models investigating universal mechanisms for the formation of cultural groups and habits and, models assessing differences in characteristics among cultural groups. Both strands simplify culture as an inflexible set of traits and specificities. We question this rigid understanding of culture and highlight its hidden evaluative nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martínez Mateo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Research Platform Biotechnologies, Nature and Society, Goethe-University, Robert-Mayer-Straße 5, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Holzer L, Halfon O, Thoua V. La maturation cérébrale à l’adolescence. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:579-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Choudhury S. Culturing the adolescent brain: what can neuroscience learn from anthropology? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2010; 5:159-67. [PMID: 19959484 PMCID: PMC2894667 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsp030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural neuroscience is set to flourish in the next few years. As the field develops, it is necessary to reflect on what is meant by 'culture' and how this can be translated for the laboratory context. This article uses the example of the adolescent brain to discuss three aspects of culture that may help us to shape and reframe questions, interpretations and applications in cultural neuroscience: cultural contingencies of categories, cultural differences in experience and cultural context of neuroscience research. The last few years have seen a sudden increase in the study of adolescence as a period of both structural and functional plasticity, with new brain-based explanations of teenage behaviour being taken up in education, policy and medicine. However, the concept of adolescence, as an object of behavioural science, took shape relatively recently, not much more than a hundred years ago and was shaped by a number of cultural and historical factors. Moreover, research in anthropology and cross-cultural psychology has shown that the experience of adolescence, as a period of the lifespan, is variable and contingent upon culture. The emerging field of cultural neuroscience has begun to tackle the question of cultural differences in social cognitive processing in adults. In this article, I explore what a cultural neuroscience can mean in the case of adolescence. I consider how to integrate perspectives from social neuroscience and anthropology to conceptualize, and to empirically study, adolescence as a culturally variable phenomenon, which, itself, has been culturally constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Choudhury
- Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, 22 Boltzmannstrasse, Dahlem, Berlin, Germany.
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