1
|
Zhou P, Bocci F, Li T, Nie Q. Spatial transition tensor of single cells. Nat Methods 2024; 21:1053-1062. [PMID: 38755322 PMCID: PMC11166574 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics and messenger RNA splicing encode extensive spatiotemporal information for cell states and transitions. The current lineage-inference methods either lack spatial dynamics for state transition or cannot capture different dynamics associated with multiple cell states and transition paths. Here we present spatial transition tensor (STT), a method that uses messenger RNA splicing and spatial transcriptomes through a multiscale dynamical model to characterize multistability in space. By learning a four-dimensional transition tensor and spatial-constrained random walk, STT reconstructs cell-state-specific dynamics and spatial state transitions via both short-time local tensor streamlines between cells and long-time transition paths among attractors. Benchmarking and applications of STT on several transcriptome datasets via multiple technologies on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, blood development, spatially resolved mouse brain and chicken heart development, indicate STT's capability in recovering cell-state-specific dynamics and their associated genes not seen using existing methods. Overall, STT provides a consistent multiscale description of single-cell transcriptome data across multiple spatiotemporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Machine Learning Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- AI for Science Institute, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications, Beijing, China
| | - Federico Bocci
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tiejun Li
- LMAM and School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhi J, Li F, Jiang X, Bai R. Thyroid receptor β: A promising target for developing novel anti-androgenetic alopecia drugs. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104013. [PMID: 38705510 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) significantly impacts the self-confidence and mental well-being of people. Recent research has revealed that thyroid receptor β (TRβ) agonists can activate hair follicles and effectively stimulate hair growth. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the specific mechanism of action of TRβ in treating AGA from various perspectives, highlighting its potential as a drug target for combating AGA. Moreover, this review provides a thorough summary of the research advances in TRβ agonist candidates with anti-AGA efficacy and outlines the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of TRβ agonists. We hope that this review will provide practical information for the development of effective anti-alopecia drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Feifan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oh J, Schweitzer JB, Buckley JP, Upadhyaya S, Kannan K, Herbstman JB, Ghassabian A, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Early childhood exposures to phthalates in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence in the ReCHARGE study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114377. [PMID: 38692176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to phthalates alters behaviors in animals. However, epidemiological evidence on childhood phthalate exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors is limited. METHODS This study included 243 children from the ReCHARGE (Revisiting Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study, who were previously classified as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, other early concerns, and typical development in the CHARGE case-control study. Twenty phthalate metabolites were measured in spot urine samples collected from children aged 2-5 years. Parents reported on children's ADHD symptoms at ages 8-18 years using Conners-3 Parent Rating Scale. Covariate-adjusted negative binomial generalized linear models were used to investigate associations between individual phthalate metabolite concentrations and raw scores. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression with repeated holdout validation was used to examine mixture effects of phthalate metabolites on behavioral scores. Effect modification by child sex was evaluated. RESULTS Among 12 phthalate metabolites detected in >75% of the samples, higher mono-2-heptyl phthalate (MHPP) was associated with higher scores on Inattentive (β per doubling = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.08) and Hyperactive/Impulsive scales (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.07), especially among children with ASD. Higher mono-carboxy isooctyl phthalate (MCiOP) was associated with higher Hyperactivity/Impulsivity scores (β = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.15), especially among typically developing children. The associations of the molar sum of high molecular weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and a phthalate metabolite mixture with Hyperactivity/Impulsivity scores were modified by sex, showing more pronounced adverse associations among females. CONCLUSION Exposure to phthalates during early childhood may impact ADHD behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence, particularly among females. Although our findings may not be broadly generalizable due to the diverse diagnostic profiles within our study population, our robust findings on sex-specific associations warrant further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sudhi Upadhyaya
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chincarini G, Walker DW, Wong F, Richardson SJ, Cumberland A, Tolcos M. Thyroid hormone analogues: Promising therapeutic avenues to improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38742992 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy complication impairing fetal growth and development. The compromised development is often attributed to disruptions of oxygen and nutrient supply from the placenta, resulting in a number of unfavourable physiological outcomes with impaired brain and organ growth. IUGR is associated with compromised development of both grey and white matter, predisposing the infant to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including long-lasting cognitive and motor difficulties. Cerebral thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, which plays a crucial role in regulating white and grey matter development, is dysregulated in IUGR, potentially contributing to the neurodevelopmental delays associated with this condition. Notably, one of the major TH transporters, monocarboxylate transporter-8 (MCT8), is deficient in the fetal IUGR brain. Currently, no effective treatment to prevent or reverse IUGR exists. Management strategies involve close antenatal monitoring, management of maternal risk factors if present and early delivery if IUGR is found to be severe or worsening in utero. The overall goal is to determine the most appropriate time for delivery, balancing the risks of preterm birth with further fetal compromise due to IUGR. Drug candidates have shown either adverse effects or little to no benefits in this vulnerable population, urging further preclinical and clinical investigation to establish effective therapies. In this review, we discuss the major neuropathology of IUGR driven by uteroplacental insufficiency and the concomitant long-term neurobehavioural impairments in individuals born IUGR. Importantly, we review the existing clinical and preclinical literature on cerebral TH signalling deficits, particularly the impaired expression of MCT8 and their correlation with IUGR. Lastly, we discuss the current evidence on MCT8-independent TH analogues which mimic the brain actions of THs by being metabolised in a similar manner as promising, albeit underappreciated approaches to promote grey and white matter development and improve the neurobehavioural outcomes following IUGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Chincarini
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Newborn Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Flora Wong
- Monash Newborn Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Angela Cumberland
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
González KS, Warwick H, Conradie M, Alisauskaite N. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a French bulldog puppy with genetically confirmed congenital hypothyroidism. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1737-1743. [PMID: 38532265 PMCID: PMC11099762 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A 7-month-old male French bulldog was referred for abnormal mentation and gait. Physical examination revealed a dome shaped calvarium and persistent bregmatic fontanelle. Neurological examination revealed proprioceptive ataxia, pelvic limb paraparesis and strabismus with moderate ventriculomegaly, thinning of the cerebral parenchyma, and widened cerebral sulci on magnetic resonance imaging. Masses were identified in the region of the thyroid, which appeared heterogeneous and hyperintense in T1-weighted and T2-weighted compared with the adjacent muscle signal masses were identified. Radiological diagnosis was hydrocephalus "ex vacuo" and goiter. Blood test revealed abnormally low total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and normal thyrotropin concentration. A diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed by positive genetic test for thyroid peroxidase mutation. Thyroxine supplementation treatment rapidly improved clinical signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Warwick
- Northwest Veterinary SpecialistsRuncornUnited Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez RM, Bermeo Losada JF, Marín Martínez JA. The research landscape concerning environmental factors in neurodevelopmental disorders: Endocrine disrupters and pesticides-A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101132. [PMID: 38561126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental epidemiology and toxicology have seen a growing interest in the environmental factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, with the purpose of establishing appropriate prevention strategies. A literature review was performed, and 192 articles covering the topic of endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopmental disorders were found, focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenol A, and pesticides. This study contributes to analyzing their effect on the molecular mechanism in maternal and infant thyroid function, essential for infant neurodevelopment, and whose alteration has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. The results provide scientific evidence of the association that exists between the environmental neurotoxins and various neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, other possible molecular mechanisms by which pesticides and endocrine disruptors may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are being discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mira Sánchez
- Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Medioambientales y Neurodesarrollo ICMYN, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Menotti S, Mura C, Raia S, Bergianti L, De Carolis S, Romeo DM, Rota CA, Pontecorvi A. Overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy and language development in offspring: is there an association? J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02317-2. [PMID: 38498228 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overt hypothyroidism during pregnancy is linked to various obstetric complications, such as premature birth and fetal death. While some studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism can impact a child's Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and language development, findings are controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the connection between treated maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment, focusing on learning and language and examining related maternal obstetric complications. METHODS Group 1 included 31 hypothyroid women with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (> 10 mU/L, > 10 µIU/mL) during pregnancy, and Group 2 had 21 euthyroid women with normal TSH levels (0.5-2.5 mU/L, 0.5-2.5 µIU/mL). Children underwent neuropsycological assessments using the Griffiths-II scale. RESULTS Pregnancy outcome showed an average gestational age at delivery of 38.2 weeks for hypothyroid women, compared to 40 weeks for controls, and average birth weight of 2855.6 g versus 3285 g for controls, with hypothyroid women having children with higher intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) prevalence and more caesarean sections. The 1-min APGAR score was lower for the hypothyroid group's children, at 8.85 versus 9.52. Neuropsychological outcomes showed children of hypothyroid mothers scored lower in neurocognitive development, particularly in the learning and language subscale (subscale C), with a notable correlation between higher maternal TSH levels and lower subscale scores. CONCLUSION Fetuses born to hypothyroid mothers appeared to be at higher risk of IUGR and reduced APGAR score at birth. Neurocognitive development seemed to affect language performance more than the developmental quotient. This alteration appeared to correlate with the severity of hypothyroidism and its duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Menotti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - C Mura
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Raia
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Bergianti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S De Carolis
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Woman Health Area Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - D M Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - C A Rota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pontecorvi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lukovac T, Hil OA, Popović M, Savić T, Pavlović AM, Pavlović D. Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:76. [PMID: 38408935 PMCID: PMC10895737 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, its aetiology remains unclear. We aimed to establish a relationship between ADHD diagnosis and serum levels of glucose, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in primary school aged boys. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 133 participants aged 6.5-12.5 years, 67 of whom met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and 66 healthy age-matched boys. The ADHDT test (ADHDT) was used to assess ADHD symptoms and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised was used to exclude participants with cognitive deficits. The ADHD participants were tested using the Iowa Conners' Teacher Rating Scale. RESULTS The ADHD participants had lower glucose levels, higher TSH values, and significantly lower FT4 values than the control group. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TSH is a parameter that is 2.7% more likely to occur in the ADHD group. We found a significant correlation between the TSH level and the symptoms of hyperactivity (r = 0.318, p = 0.009) and impulsivity (r = 0.275, p = 0.024) as well as between the glucose level and the symptoms of hyperactivity (r = 0.312, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Certain ADHD symptoms may correlate with certain hormonal patterns. Our results suggest that the likelihood of suffering from ADHD was lower when FT4 levels were elevated. One biochemical parameter that was significantly and independently associated with the diagnosis of ADHD was the serum TSH level. TRIAL REGISTRATION On June 26, 2018, at its VI session in 2018, the Ethics Committee of the Institute for Mental Health in Belgrade, Serbia, has considered and unanimously approved the conduct of the research, under the number 1704/1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lukovac
- Center for Speech and Language Pathology Higia Logos, Mirijevski Bulevar 17 b, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | | | - Milka Popović
- Beo-Lab Laboratories, Resavska 58-60, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Savić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Boulevard, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra M Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragan Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rechtman A, Zveik O, Haham N, Freidman-Korn T, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Thyroid hormone dysfunction in MOGAD and other demyelinating diseases. J Neurol Sci 2024; 457:122866. [PMID: 38242048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones play a critical role in both neuronal and glial cell functions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased co-occurrence with autoimmune thyroid diseases, and recent studies have suggested a potential link between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and thyroid hormones. However, no previous studies have examined the relationship between thyroid hormones and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated demyelination (MOGAD). METHODS We investigated the role of thyroid hormones in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune demyelinating diseases in 26 MOGAD patients, 52 NMOSD patients, 167 patients with MS, and 16 patients with other noninflammatory neurological disorders. Thyroid hormone levels and clinical data (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) were analyzed. Volumetric brain information was determined in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the MDbrain platform. RESULTS MOGAD patients had significantly higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) compared to NMOSD patients. No correlation was found between FT3 levels and disease severity or brain volume. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels did not differ significantly between the groups, but in NMOSD patients, higher TSH levels were associated with lower disability scores and increased brain volume. No significant differences in free thyroxine (FT4) levels were observed between the different groups, however, FT4 levels were significantly higher in relapsing versus monophasic MOGAD patients and increased FT4 levels were associated with a higher EDSS and lower brain volume in NMOSD patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential involvement of thyroid hormones specifically in MOGAD patients and other demyelinating CNS disorders. Understanding the role of thyroid hormones in relapsing vs monophasic MOGAD patients and in comparison to other demyelinating disorder could lead to the development of therapeutic interventions. Further studies are needed to explore the precise mechanisms and potential interventions targeting the thyroid axis as a treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Rechtman
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Zveik
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitsan Haham
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Freidman-Korn
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabatino L, Lapi D, Del Seppia C. Factors and Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Activity in the Brain: Possible Role in Recovery and Protection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38397435 PMCID: PMC10886502 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential in normal brain development, and cognitive and emotional functions. THs act through a cascade of events including uptake by the target cells by specific cell membrane transporters, activation or inactivation by deiodinase enzymes, and interaction with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. Several thyroid responsive genes have been described in the developing and in the adult brain and many studies have demonstrated a systemic or local reduction in TH availability in neurologic disease and after brain injury. In this review, the main factors and mechanisms associated with the THs in the normal and damaged brain will be evaluated in different regions and cellular contexts. Furthermore, the most common animal models used to study the role of THs in brain damage and cognitive impairment will be described and the use of THs as a potential recovery strategy from neuropathological conditions will be evaluated. Finally, particular attention will be given to the link observed between TH alterations and increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementing condition worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabatino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng P, Raj P, Wu L, Mizutani T, Szabo M, Hanson WA, Barman I. Quantitative Detection of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Patient Samples with a Nanomechanical Single-Antibody Spectro-Immunoassay. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305110. [PMID: 37752776 PMCID: PMC10922205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Functional disorders of the thyroid remain a global challenge and have profound impacts on human health. Serving as the barometer for thyroid function, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is considered the single most useful test of thyroid function. However, the prevailing TSH immunoassays rely on two types of antibodies in a sandwich format. The requirement of repeated incubation and washing further complicates the issue, making it unable to meet the requirements of the shifting public health landscape that demands rapid, sensitive, and low-cost TSH tests. Herein, a systematic study is performed to investigate the clinical translational potential of a single antibody-based biosensing platform for the TSH test. The biosensing platform leverages Raman spectral variations induced by the interaction between a TSH antigen and a Raman molecule-conjugated TSH antibody. In conjunction with machine learning, it allows TSH concentrations in various patient samples to be predicted with high accuracy and precision, which is robust against substrate-to-substrate, intra-substrate, and day-to-day variations. It is envisioned that the simplicity and generalizability of this single-antibody immunoassay coupled with the demonstrated performance in patient samples pave the way for it to be widely applied in clinical settings for low-cost detection of hormones, other molecular biomarkers, DNA, RNA, and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Takayuki Mizutani
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - Miklos Szabo
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - William A. Hanson
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fame RM, Ali I, Lehtinen MK, Kanarek N, Petrova B. Optimized Mass Spectrometry Detection of Thyroid Hormones and Polar Metabolites in Rodent Cerebrospinal Fluid. Metabolites 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38392972 PMCID: PMC10890085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are required for brain development and function. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which bathes the brain and spinal cord, contains TH as free hormones or as bound to transthyretin (TTR). Tight TH level regulation in the central nervous system is essential for developmental gene expression, which governs neurogenesis, myelination, and synaptogenesis. This integrated function of TH highlights the importance of developing precise and reliable methods for assessing TH levels in CSF. We report an optimized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based method to measure TH in rodent CSF and serum, applicable to both fresh and frozen samples. Using this new method, we find distinct differences in CSF TH in pregnant dams vs. non-pregnant adults and in embryonic vs. adult CSF. Further, targeted LC-MS metabolic profiling uncovers distinct central carbon metabolism in the CSF of these populations. TH detection and metabolite profiling of related metabolic pathways open new avenues of rigorous research into CSF TH and will inform future studies on metabolic alterations in CSF during normal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M. Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilhan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K. Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hindrichs C, Walk T, Landsiedel R, Kamp H, Schneider S, Melching-Kollmuss S, Funk-Weyer D. Thyroid Hormone Metabolites Quantified in Pup and Adult Rat Cerebellum, Cortex and Whole-Brain Samples Using an Automated Online SPE-LC-MS/MS Method. Metabolites 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38248864 PMCID: PMC10820277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in thyroid hormone (TH) levels in rat brain at early developmental stages are correlated with adverse effects on offspring development. To characterize the ability of substances to interfere with the TH concentrations in, e.g., rat brain, it is essential to know the mean TH concentrations in this tissue under control conditions. In this publication, an online solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was validated and used to measure TH metabolites (T4, T3, rT3, T2 and T1) in the brains of untreated rats. Data on TH concentrations in the whole brain and separate data from the cerebellum and the cortex are shown. The corresponding samples were gathered from young rats at postnatal days (PND) 4 and 21/22 and from adult rats. The results show inter alia the high accuracy and precision of the method, and LOQs of 0.02 ng/mL were determined for T1, T2 and rT3 and of 0.15 ng/mL for T3 and T4. Technical variability is low, as shown by the relative standard deviations of 7.5-20%. For our rat model, we found that T4, T3 and T2 concentrations rise from PND4 to PND21, whereas the rT3 concentration decreases; as well as there is no statistical difference between TH concentrations in the male and female rat brain. This method is suitable to analyze TH metabolites in the brain and build up a database of historical TH concentrations in control rats. Together, this yields a robust diagnostic tool to detect potentially adverse disturbances of TH homeostasis in the most vulnerable anatomic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hindrichs
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (T.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tilmann Walk
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Im Spitzenbusch 10, 67227 Frankenthal, Germany (S.S.)
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hennicke Kamp
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Steffen Schneider
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Im Spitzenbusch 10, 67227 Frankenthal, Germany (S.S.)
| | | | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Im Spitzenbusch 10, 67227 Frankenthal, Germany (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Geest FS, Groeneweg S, Popa VM, Stals MAM, Visser WE. Parent Perspectives on Complex Needs in Patients With MCT8 Deficiency: An International, Prospective, Registry Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e330-e335. [PMID: 37450560 PMCID: PMC10735299 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency is a rare neurodevelopmental and metabolic disorder, with daily care posing a heavy burden on caregivers. A comprehensive overview of these complex needs and daily care challenges is lacking. DESIGN We established an international prospective registry to systemically capture data from parents and physicians caring for patients with MCT8 deficiency. Parent-reported data on complex needs and daily care challenges were extracted. RESULTS Between July 17, 2018, and May 16, 2022, 51 patients were registered. Difficulties in daily life care were mostly related to feeding and nutritional status (17/33 patients), limited motor skills (12/33 patients), and sleeping (11/33 patients). Dietary advice was provided for 11/36 patients. Two of 32 patients were under care of a cardiologist. Common difficulties in the diagnostic trajectory included late diagnosis (20/35 patients) and visiting a multitude of specialists (15/35 patients). Median diagnostic delay was significantly shorter in patients born in or after 2017 vs before 2017 (8 vs 19 months, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Feeding and sleeping problems and limited motor skills mostly contribute to difficulties in daily care. The majority of patients did not receive professional dietary advice, although being underweight is a key disease feature, strongly linked with poor survival. Despite sudden death being a prominent cause of death, potentially related to the cardiovascular abnormalities frequently observed, patients were hardly seen by cardiologists. These findings can directly improve patient-centered multidisciplinary care and define patient-centered outcome measures for intervention studies in patients with MCT8 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdy S van Geest
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Groeneweg
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica M Popa
- Patient Advisory Council of RD Connect and MCT8-AHDS Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 74464, USA
| | - Milou A M Stals
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fame RM, Ali I, Lehtinen MK, Kanarek N, Petrova B. Optimized Mass Spectrometry Detection of Thyroid Hormones and Polar Metabolites in Rodent Cerebrospinal Fluid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570731. [PMID: 38116027 PMCID: PMC10729774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (TH) are required for brain development and function. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which bathes the brain and spinal cord, contains TH as free or transthyretin (TTR)-bound. Tight thyroid hormone level regulation in the central nervous system is essential for developmental gene expression that governs neurogenesis, myelination, and synaptogenesis. This integrated function of TH highlights the importance of developing precise and reliable methods for assessing TH levels in CSF. METHODS we report an optimized LC-MS based method to measure thyroid hormones in rodent CSF and serum, applicable to both fresh and frozen samples. RESULTS We find distinct differences in CSF thyroid hormone in pregnant dams vs. non-pregnant adults and in embryonic vs. adult CSF. Further, targeted LC-MS metabolic profiling uncovers distinct central carbon metabolism in the CSF of these populations. CONCLUSIONS TH detection and metabolite profiling of related metabolic pathways open new avenues of rigorous research into CSF thyroid hormone and will inform future studies on metabolic alterations in CSF during normal development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Toll A, Blanco-Hinojo L, Berge D, Manzano A, El Abidi K, Perez-Solà V, Mané A. Relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone, BDNF levels, and hippocampal volume in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1301714. [PMID: 38130289 PMCID: PMC10734033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1301714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid hormones play an essential role in hippocampal development, a key structure in psychosis. However, the role of these hormones in first-episode psychosis (FEP) has received limited attention. It has been hypothesized that thyroid hormones could cause morphological modifications in the hippocampal structure through the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this study, we primarily aimed to determine the relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, peripheral BDNF levels, and hippocampal volume in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients. We also aimed to determine whether TSH levels were associated with clinical symptomatology. Materials and methods A total of 50 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients were included in the study. At baseline, we collected fasting blood samples and registered sociodemographic and clinical variables (substance use, DUP, PANSS, GAF, and CDSS). Structural T1 MRI was performed at baseline to quantify brain volumes. No control group was used for this study. Results Of the 50 patients, more than one-third (36%) presented alterations in TSH levels, mainly elevated levels (32% of patients). The TSH levels were inversely correlated with both peripheral BDNF and hippocampal volume. On the multivariate analysis, the model that best predicted the relative hippocampal volume was a single variable model (TSH levels). No significant association was observed between TSH levels and clinical symptomatology. Discussion These results suggest that thyroid hormones could have a neuroprotective effect on the hippocampus in FEP patients, possibly through their effect by increasing BDNF concentrations, which could attenuate brain injury and neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, thyroid hormones could also affect hippocampal volume through other pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Toll
- Institut de Salud Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Blanco-Hinojo
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Berge
- Institut de Salud Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Manzano
- Institut de Salud Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Perez-Solà
- Institut de Salud Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Mané
- Institut de Salud Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bakar RZ, Cetin C, Yozgat CY, Kütük MS. The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Thyroid Function: Findings from Routine First-Trimester Sonographic Anomaly Screening. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2023; 227:429-433. [PMID: 37758194 DOI: 10.1055/a-2165-8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the effect of tobacco exposure on maternal thyroid function and investigate its relationship to subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women during the first trimester. SUBJECTS AND METHOD A comparison of maternal thyroid function was made on 45 smokers, who composed the study group, and 72 non-smokers, pregnant women, who constituted the control group. After determining smokers by questionnaire, carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the expiratory air of the participants in both groups were measured and recorded, and the smokers' exposure was objectively confirmed. RESULTS Smoking and non-smoking pregnant women were similar regarding body mass index (BMI). While the TSH and fT4 levels were respectively 1.48 mlU/L and 11.43 pmol/L in pregnant women who smoked, that ratio changed to 1.72 mlU/L and 11.17 pmol/L in the non-smokers' group. But the differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p=0.239, p=0.179). Even though the rate of subclinical hypothyroidism was 8.9% in the smoking group, it was approximately 19.4% in the non-smoker group; the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.187). CONCLUSION This study proved that there is no statistically significant difference between maternal serum TSH and fT4 levels and the rate of subclinical hypothyroidism in smokers during pregnancy in the first trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Zehra Bakar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caglar Cetin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yiu RSW, Ling TK, Ko CH, Poon SWY, Poon GWK, Wong FCK, Law CY, Iwayama H, Lam CW. Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome in Hong Kong: Implication for newborn screening. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117621. [PMID: 37925810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (MCT 8 deficiency) is an X-linked recessive condition caused by hemizygous pathogenic variants in SLC16A2 encoding the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Patients present with global developmental delay and neurological impairment, and abnormal serum thyroid function tests. The drug, 3,3',5 triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC), was recently demonstrated to improve the endocrinological profile. Improvement in diagnostic approach is key to earlier start of treatment. PATIENT FINDINGS We described four Chinese patients with MCT8 deficiency undergoing different diagnostic odysseys. Their initial presentation included global developmental delay and dystonia. Patient 2 also had epilepsy. Patients 1 and 2 presented with two novel variants: (1)hemizygous NM_006517.4(SLC16A2):c.1170 + 2 T > A; p.(?), and (2)hemizygous NM_006517.4(SLC16A2):c.305dupT; p.(Val103GlyfsTer17) respectively. Patients 3 and 4 were biological brothers harboring hemizygous NM_006517.4(SLC16A2):c.305dupT; p.(Val103GlyfsTer17), which was first reported in 2004. We obtained the measurement of triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) from dried blood spot samples collected on Day 1 of life from Patient 1 and studied the biomarkers (rT3 and T3/rT3 ratio) proposed by Iwayama et al. for the detection of MCT8 deficiency at birth. Our data verified the significantly reduced rT3 level in Patient 1, compared with healthy newborns, although low T3 level and comparable T3/rT3 ratio with controls were detected. SUMMARY Patients with MCT8 deficiency often undergo diagnostic odysseys. An early diagnosis could be missed by a normal newborn thyroid function screening result based on biochemical measurement of TSH and/or T4/fT4. Early detection of rT3 is key to improving current diagnostic approach. CONCLUSION We recommend that full thyroid function profile (TSH, T4/fT4, T3/fT3, rT3) be considered early for all pediatric patients presenting with unexplained developmental delay and/or dystonia. The potential inclusion of rT3 measurement in newborn screening may prove promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sze-Wan Yiu
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Ki Ling
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Hung Ko
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah Wing-Yiu Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Wing-Kit Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Felix Chi-Kin Wong
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yiu Law
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hideyuki Iwayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aarsland TE, Solvik BS, Bakken KS, Sleire SN, Kaldenbach S, Holten-Andersen MN, Nermo KR, Fauskerud IT, Østvedt TH, Lohne S, Gjengedal ELF, Strand TA. Iodine Nutrition in Children ≤2 years of Age in Norway. J Nutr 2023; 153:3237-3246. [PMID: 37742796 PMCID: PMC10687616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a component of the thyroid hormones (THs), iodine is vital for normal neurodevelopment during early life. However, both deficient and excess iodine may affect TH production, and data on iodine status in young children are scarce. OBJECTIVES To describe iodine nutrition (iodine status and intake) in children ≤2 y of age in Innlandet County (Norway) and to describe the associations with maternal iodine nutrition. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in a representative sample of mother-child pairs selected from 30 municipalities from November 2020 until October 2021. Iodine status [child urinary iodine concentration (UIC), maternal UIC, and breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC)] was measured. Child's iodine intake was estimated using 2 24-h dietary recalls (24-HR) and a food frequency questionnaire. The Multiple Source Method was used to estimate the usual iodine intake distributions from the 24-HR assessments. RESULTS The median UIC in 333 children was 145 μg/L, indicating adequate iodine status according to the WHO cutoff (100 μg/L). The median usual iodine intake was 83 μg/d. Furthermore, 35% had suboptimal usual iodine intakes [below the proposed Estimated average requirement (72 μg/d)], whereas <1% had excessive usual iodine intakes [above the Upper intake level (200 μg/d)]. There was a positive correlation between children's iodine intake and BMIC (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.67, P < 0.001), and between children's UIC and BMIC (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), maternal UIC (r = 0.23, P = 0.001), and maternal iodine intake (r = 0.20, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Despite a median UIC above the cutoff for iodine sufficiency, more than a third of the children had suboptimal usual iodine intakes. Our findings suggest that many children will benefit from iodine fortification and that risk of iodine excess in this age group is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonje E Aarsland
- Center of International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Women's Clinic at Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.
| | - Beate S Solvik
- Center of International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Women's Clinic at Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Kjersti S Bakken
- Center of International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Women's Clinic at Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Synnøve Næss Sleire
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Kaldenbach
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads N Holten-Andersen
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina R Nermo
- Center of International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ingunn T Fauskerud
- Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Thobias H Østvedt
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Solfrid Lohne
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Elin L F Gjengedal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tor A Strand
- Center of International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Siemes D, Vancamp P, Markova B, Spangenberg P, Shevchuk O, Siebels B, Schlüter H, Mayerl S, Heuer H, Engel DR. Proteome Analysis of Thyroid Hormone Transporter Mct8/Oatp1c1-Deficient Mice Reveals Novel Dysregulated Target Molecules Involved in Locomotor Function. Cells 2023; 12:2487. [PMID: 37887331 PMCID: PMC10605308 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) transporter MCT8 deficiency causes severe locomotor disabilities likely due to insufficient TH transport across brain barriers and, consequently, compromised neural TH action. As an established animal model for this disease, Mct8/Oatp1c1 double knockout (DKO) mice exhibit strong central TH deprivation, locomotor impairments and similar histo-morphological features as seen in MCT8 patients. The pathways that cause these neuro-motor symptoms are poorly understood. In this paper, we performed proteome analysis of brain sections comprising cortical and striatal areas of 21-day-old WT and DKO mice. We detected over 2900 proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, 67 of which were significantly different between the genotypes. The comparison of the proteomic and published RNA-sequencing data showed a significant overlap between alterations in both datasets. In line with previous observations, DKO animals exhibited decreased myelin-associated protein expression and altered protein levels of well-established neuronal TH-regulated targets. As one intriguing new candidate, we unraveled and confirmed the reduced protein and mRNA expression of Pde10a, a striatal enzyme critically involved in dopamine receptor signaling, in DKO mice. As altered PDE10A activities are linked to dystonia, reduced basal ganglia PDE10A expression may represent a key pathogenic pathway underlying human MCT8 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Siemes
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (P.S.); (O.S.); (D.R.E.)
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (P.V.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Boyka Markova
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (P.V.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Philippa Spangenberg
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (P.S.); (O.S.); (D.R.E.)
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (P.S.); (O.S.); (D.R.E.)
| | - Bente Siebels
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (P.V.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (P.V.); (B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniel Robert Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (P.S.); (O.S.); (D.R.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Björnholm L, Orell O, Kerkelä M, Honka U, Laasonen S, Riekki T, Surcel HM, Suvanto E, Veijola J. Maternal Thyroid Function During Pregnancy and Offspring White Matter Microstructure in Early Adulthood: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Thyroid 2023; 33:1245-1254. [PMID: 37498774 PMCID: PMC10611975 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: The fetus is fully dependent on maternal thyroid hormones until mid-gestation and suboptimal maternal thyroid function has been associated with alterations in the neurodevelopment of the offspring. We used maternal free thyroxine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in early gestation to study the association of maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy and offspring brain white matter (WM) integrity in early adulthood. Methods: Our study population consisted of a total of 292 mother-child pairs. Maternal fT4 and TSH were used as predictors and offspring multimodal imaging measures of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and magnetization transfer ratio (FA, MD, and MTR) as dependent variables. First, as Global analysis, all analyzed 14 WM tracts were studied simultaneously using linear-mixed effect models. Second, if a global effect was detected, a post hoc Tract-wise analysis was carried out using linear models individually in each WM tract. Study population was stratified by sex. Results: We found a positive association between maternal fT4 and offspring Global FA in males when adjusted for all maternal and offspring covariates (n = 114; β = 0.154; confidence interval = 0.045-0.263; p = 0.006). The finding was observed to be driven by multiple WM tracts, of which three projection fiber tracts and the forceps minor survived correcting for multiple comparisons in Tract-wise analysis. Conclusions: Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy was observed to be associated with WM microstructure in male offspring in early adulthood. Our results suggest that maternal fT4 levels in early pregnancy may modulate axonal characteristics, with a long-term effect on offspring WM development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Björnholm
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi Orell
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulriika Honka
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Laasonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Riekki
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Eila Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and MRC Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Behringer V, Heistermann M, Malaivijitnond S, Schülke O, Ostner J. Developmental and environmental modulation of fecal thyroid hormone levels in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis). Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23530. [PMID: 37365835 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are key modulators of development, as well as mediators of environmental conditions, by regulating developmental processes and metabolism in primates. Hormone measurement in noninvasively collected samples, that is, feces and urine, is a valuable tool for studying the endocrine function of wildlife, and recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring thyroid hormones in fecal samples of zoo-housed and wild nonhuman primates. Our study aimed to (i) validate the measurement of immunoreactive fecal total triiodothyronine (IF-T3) in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) and (ii) to investigate its developmental changes and its response to environmental changes, including stress responses, in immature individuals. Fecal samples and environmental parameters were collected from individuals of three social groups of wild Assamese macaques living at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Northeastern Thailand. Our study confirmed the methodological feasibility and biological validity of measuring IF-T3 in this population. Specifically, the biological validation demonstrated higher IF-T3 levels in immatures compared to adults, and higher levels in females during late gestation compared to the preconception stage. Our analysis of IF-T3 levels in developing immature macaques revealed a significant increase with age. Furthermore, we found a positive association between IF-T3 and immunoreactive fecal glucocorticoid levels, an indicator of the physiological stress response. Neither minimum temperature nor fruit abundance predicted variation in IF-T3 levels in the immatures. Our findings indicate the possibility for differing effects of climatic factors and food availability on thyroid hormone level changes in immature versus adult animals and in wild compared to experimental conditions. Overall, our study provides the basis for further investigations into the role of thyroid hormones in shaping species-specific traits, growth, and overall primate development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Behavioral Ecology Department, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Behavioral Ecology Department, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alcaide Martin A, Mayerl S. Local Thyroid Hormone Action in Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12352. [PMID: 37569727 PMCID: PMC10418487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper brain development essentially depends on the timed availability of sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone (TH). This, in turn, necessitates a tightly regulated expression of TH signaling components such as TH transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors in a brain region- and cell-specific manner from early developmental stages onwards. Abnormal TH levels during critical stages, as well as mutations in TH signaling components that alter the global and/or local thyroidal state, result in detrimental consequences for brain development and neurological functions that involve alterations in central neurotransmitter systems. Thus, the question as to how TH signaling is implicated in the development and maturation of different neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems has gained increasing attention. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of TH signaling components during brain development. We then present recent advances in our understanding on how altered TH signaling compromises the development of cortical glutamatergic neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Thereby, we highlight novel mechanistic insights and point out open questions in this evolving research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mayerl S, Heuer H. lThyroid hormone transporter Mct8/Oatp1c1 deficiency compromises proper oligodendrocyte maturation in the mouse CNS. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106195. [PMID: 37307933 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper CNS myelination depends on the timed availability of thyroid hormone (TH) that induces differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. Abnormal myelination is frequently observed in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in the TH transporter MCT8. Likewise, persistent hypomyelination is a key CNS feature of the Mct8/Oatp1c1 double knockout (Dko) mouse model, a well-established mouse model for human MCT8 deficiency that exhibits diminished TH transport across brain barriers and thus a TH deficient CNS. Here, we explored whether decreased myelin content is caused by an impairment in oligodendrocyte maturation. To that end, we studied OPC and oligodendrocyte populations in Dko mice versus wild-type and single TH transporter knockout animals at different developmental time points (at postnatal days P12, P30, and P120) using multi-marker immunostaining and confocal microscopy. Only in Dko mice we observed a reduction in cells expressing the oligodendroglia marker Olig2, encompassing all stages between OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, Dko mice exhibited at all analysed time points an increased portion of OPCs and a reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes both in white and grey matter regions indicating a differentiation blockage in the absence of Mct8/Oatp1c1. We also assessed cortical oligodendrocyte structural parameters by visualizing and counting the number of mature myelin sheaths formed per oligodendrocyte. Again, only Dko mice displayed a reduced number of myelin sheaths that in turn exhibited an increase in length indicating a compensatory response to the reduced number of mature oligodendrocyte. Altogether, our studies underscore an oligodendrocyte differentiation impairment and altered oligodendrocyte structural parameters in the global absence of Mct8 and Oatp1c1. Both mechanisms most likely do not only cause the abnormal myelination state but also contribute to compromised neuronal functionality in Mct8/Oatp1c1 deficient animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mayerl
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Heike Heuer
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Temporal control of neuronal wiring. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 142:81-90. [PMID: 35644877 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wiring an animal brain is a complex process involving a staggering number of cell-types born at different times and locations in the developing brain. Incorporation of these cells into precise circuits with high fidelity is critical for animal survival and behavior. Assembly of neuronal circuits is heavily dependent upon proper timing of wiring programs, requiring neurons to express specific sets of genes (sometimes transiently) at the right time in development. While cell-type specificity of genetic programs regulating wiring has been studied in detail, mechanisms regulating proper timing and coordination of these programs across cell-types are only just beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss some temporal regulators of wiring programs and how their activity is controlled over time and space. A common feature emerges from these temporal regulators - they are induced by cell-extrinsic cues and control transcription factors capable of regulating a highly cell-type specific set of target genes. Target specificity in these contexts comes from cell-type specific transcription factors. We propose that the spatiotemporal specificity of wiring programs is controlled by the combinatorial activity of temporal programs and cell-type specific transcription factors. Going forward, a better understanding of temporal regulators will be key to understanding the mechanisms underlying brain wiring, and will be critical for the development of in vitro models like brain organoids.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ren X, Gao X, Zou G. Enhanced Photon Emission of Chemiluminescent Luminophore for Ultra-Fast and Semi-Automatic Immunoassay toward Single Molecule Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8070-8076. [PMID: 37167106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical single molecule detection is normally achieved via amplifying the total emission of photons of luminophores and is strongly anticipated to extend the commercialized application of chemiluminescence (CL). To overcome the limited CL photons of molecule luminophores, herein, a nanocrystal (NC) luminophore self-amplified strategy is proposed to repetitively excite CL luminophores for amplifying the total CL photons per luminophore, which can be exploited to perform CL immunoassays (CLIAs) toward single molecule detection via employing KMnO4 as the CL triggering agent and the dual-stabilizer-capped CdTe NCs as the CL luminophore. KMnO4 can oxidize the S element from each stabilizer of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and release enough energy to excite the CdTe core for flash CL. The substantial MPA around each CdTe core enables every CdTe luminophore to be repetitively excited and give off amplified total CL photons in a self-enhanced way. The CL of CdTe NCs/KMnO4 can release all photons rapidly, and the collection of all these photons can be utilized to determine the model analyte of thyroid-stimulating hormone antigen (TSH) with a limit of detection of 5 ag/mL (S/N = 3), which is corresponding to about 2-4 TSH molecules in a 20 μL sample. The whole immunologic operating process can be terminated within 6 min. This strategy of repetitively breaking the CL reaction involving chemical bonds within one luminophore is promising for semi-automatic as well as fully automatic single molecule detection and extends the commercialized application of CL immunodiagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lazcano I, Pech-Pool SM, Olvera A, García-Martínez I, Palacios-Pérez S, Orozco A. The importance of thyroid hormone signaling during early development: Lessons from the zebrafish model. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 334:114225. [PMID: 36709002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an optimal experimental model to study thyroid hormone (TH) involvement in vertebrate development. The use of state-of-the-art zebrafish genetic tools available for the study of the effect of gene silencing, cell fate decisions and cell lineage differentiation have contributed to a more insightful comprehension of molecular, cellular, and tissue-specific TH actions. In contrast to intrauterine development, extrauterine embryogenesis observed in zebrafish has facilitated a more detailed study of the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This model has also enabled a more insightful analysis of TH molecular actions upon the organization and function of the brain, the retina, the heart, and the immune system. Consequently, zebrafish has become a trendy model to address paradigms of TH-related functional and biomedical importance. We here compilate the available knowledge regarding zebrafish developmental events for which specific components of TH signaling are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - S M Pech-Pool
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - A Olvera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - I García-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - S Palacios-Pérez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - A Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Todorović J, Dinčić M, Krstić DZ, Čolović MB, Ostojić JN, Kovačević S, Lopičić S, Spasić S, Brkić P, Milovanović A. The simultaneous action of acute paradoxical sleep deprivation and hypothyroidism modulates synaptosomal ATPases and acetylcholinesterase activities in rat brain. Sleep Med 2023; 105:14-20. [PMID: 36940515 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunctions as well as sleep abnormalities are usually followed by neurological, psychiatric and/or behavioral disorders. On the other hand, changes in the brain adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities show significant importance in pathogenetic pathways in the evolution of numerous neuropsychiatric diseases. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo simultaneous effects of hypothyroidism and paradoxical sleep deprivation for 72 h on synaptosomalATPases and AChE activities of whole rat brains. In order to induce hypothyroidism, 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil was administrated in drinking water during 21 days. The modified multiple platform method was used to induce paradoxical sleep deprivation. The AChE and ATPases activities were measured using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS Hypothyroidism significantly increased the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase compared to other groups, while at the same time significantly decreased AChE activity compared to the CT and SD groups. Paradoxical sleep deprivation significantly increased AChE activity compared to other groups. The simultaneous effect of hypothyroidism and sleep deprivation reduced the activity of all three enzymes (for Na+/K+-ATPase between HT/SD and HT group p < 0.0001, SD group p < 0.001,CT group p = 0.013; for ecto-ATPases between HT/SD and HT group p = 0.0034, SD group p = 0.0001, CT group p = 0.0007; for AChE between HT/SD and HT group p < 0.05, SD group p < 0.0001, CT group p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The effect of simultaneous existence of hypothyroidism and paradoxical sleep deprivation reduces the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase, ecto-ATPases, and AChE, what is different from individual effect of hypothyroidism and paradoxical sleep deprivation itself. This knowledge could help in the choice of appropriate therapy in such condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Todorović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Marko Dinčić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Z Krstić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- University of Belgrade, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, Department of Physical Chemistry, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Nešović Ostojić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Sanjin Kovačević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Srđan Lopičić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Svetolik Spasić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Predrag Brkić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Milovanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Occupational Health, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hashimoto's Encephalopathy: Case Series and Literature Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:167-175. [PMID: 36853554 PMCID: PMC9972331 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) and discuss its pathogenesis in light of recent research. RECENT FINDINGS The pathogenesis of HE is uncertain. Available evidences point towards an autoimmune etiology due to vasculitis or other inflammatory process. Detection of thyroid antibodies - antithyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin are essential for diagnosis. Autoimmune encephalitis including Anti-IgLON5 disease needs to be excluded in suspected cases with appropriate tests for neuronal surface antibodies. Detection of thyroid autoantibodies is nonspecific, as these can be detected in some normal individuals and in other autoimmune diseases. In recent years, attention has turned to an aggressive form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis accompanied by elevated serum IgG4 levels in younger males with very high levels of thyroid antibodies. The role of the thyroid autoantibodies in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue damage remains unclear and these can act only as markers for diagnosis. Conversely, they have a role to play in determining the thyroid pathology - more glandular fibrosis associated with thyro-peroxidase antibody than with the thyroglobulin antibody. HE is a syndrome characterized by altered mental status, confusion, hallucinations, delusions, and sometimes seizures, in association with high serum anti-thyroid antibody concentration that is usually responsive to glucocorticoid therapy. Diagnosis requires the exclusion of other causes of encephalopathies and encephalitis including autoimmune encephalitis associated with neuronal surface antibodies and paraneoplastic ones. Diagnosis also is dependent on the demonstration of thyroid autoantibodies in serum. Since there is no direct pathophysiologic link between antithyroid antibodies, Hashimoto thyroiditis and the cerebral syndrome, the nomenclature HE could be misleading. The response to steroids led to a renaming of the syndrome to steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), though some cases do not respond to steroids. In recent years, attention has turned to an aggressive form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis accompanied by elevated serum IgG4 levels (IgG4-related disease). This is characterized by a higher incidence in men (5:1) than in women, onset at a younger age, more intense thyroid inflammation and higher antithyroid antibody titters. Such patients have excessive production of IgG4 + plasmacytes, which infiltrate various organs leading to their fibrosis and sclerosis, sometimes resulting in inflammatory tumors. HE is treated with corticosteroids along with treatment of the dysthyroid condition, if any. There are yet no guidelines regarding steroid dose and/or duration.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Chaves C, Anselmo J. Epigenetic developmental programming and intergenerational effects of thyroid hormones. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:23-49. [PMID: 36863795 PMCID: PMC10938172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is showing that altered signaling through the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily can cause abnormal, long-term epigenetic changes which translate into pathological modifications and susceptibility to disease. These effects seem to be more prominent if the exposure occurs early in life, when transcriptomic profiles are rapidly changing. At this time, the coordination of the complex coordinated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation that characterize mammalian development. Such exposures may also alter the epigenetic information of the germ line, potentially leading to developmental changes and abnormal outcomes in subsequent generations. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is mediated by specific nuclear receptors, which have the ability to markedly change chromatin structure and gene transcription, and can also regulate other determinants of epigenetic marks. TH exhibits pleiotropic effects in mammals, and during development, its action is regulated in a highly dynamic manner to suit the rapidly evolving needs of multiple tissues. Their molecular mechanisms of action, timely developmental regulation and broad biological effects place THs in a central position to play a role in the developmental epigenetic programming of adult pathophysiology and, through effects on the germ line, in inter- and trans-generational epigenetic phenomena. These areas of epigenetic research are in their infancy, and studies regarding THs are limited. In the context of their characteristics as epigenetic modifiers and their finely tuned developmental action, here we review some of the observations underscoring the role that altered TH action may play in the developmental programming of adult traits and in the phenotypes of subsequent generations via germ line transmission of altered epigenetic information. Considering the relatively high prevalence of thyroid disease and the ability of some environmental chemicals to disrupt TH action, the epigenetic effects of abnormal levels of TH action may be important contributors to the non-genetic etiology of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Carolina Chaves
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Nutrição, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Joao Anselmo
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Nutrição, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Selvathesan N, Jefferies C, Albert B, Yonge G, Dickens A. Severe iodine-induced hypothyroidism in an infant on peritoneal dialysis: A salient reminder of the Wolff-Chaikoff effect of iodine. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:381-384. [PMID: 36345930 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Jefferies
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Albert
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Georgie Yonge
- Paediatric Nephrology Department, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Dickens
- Paediatric Nephrology Department, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wylie AC, Short SJ. Environmental Toxicants and the Developing Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:921-933. [PMID: 36906498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early life represents the most rapid and foundational period of brain development and a time of vulnerability to environmental insults. Evidence indicates that greater exposure to ubiquitous toxicants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manganese, and many phthalates is associated with altered developmental, physical health, and mental health trajectories across the lifespan. Whereas animal models offer evidence of their mechanistic effects on neurological development, there is little research that evaluates how these environmental toxicants are associated with human neurodevelopment using neuroimaging measures in infant and pediatric populations. This review provides an overview of 3 environmental toxicants of interest in neurodevelopment that are prevalent worldwide in the air, soil, food, water, and/or products of everyday life: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manganese, and phthalates. We summarize mechanistic evidence from animal models for their roles in neurodevelopment, highlight prior research that has examined these toxicants with pediatric developmental and psychiatric outcomes, and provide a narrative review of the limited number of studies that have examined these toxicants using neuroimaging with pediatric populations. We conclude with a discussion of suggested directions that will move this field forward, including the incorporation of environmental toxicant assessment in large, longitudinal, multimodal neuroimaging studies; the use of multidimensional data analysis strategies; and the importance of studying the combined effects of environmental and psychosocial stressors and buffers on neurodevelopment. Collectively, these strategies will improve ecological validity and our understanding of how environmental toxicants affect long-term sequelae via alterations to brain structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah J Short
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Center for Health Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
CaMKIV mediates spine growth deficiency of hippocampal neurons by regulation of EGR3/BDNF signal axis in congenital hypothyroidism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:482. [PMID: 36473844 PMCID: PMC9723595 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) will cause cognitive impairment in the condition of delayed treatment. The hippocampus is one of the most affected tissues by CH, in which the functional structures of hippocampal neurons manifest deficiency due to aberrant expression of effector molecules. The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMKIV, is downregulated in the hippocampal neurons, influencing the growth of dendritic spines in response to CH. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. In the present study, the early growth response factor 3 (EGR3) was regulated by CaMKIV in the hippocampal neurons of CH rat pups, as was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and in vitro cell experiments. EGR3 localized within hippocampal neurons in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions. Deficient EGR3 in the primary hippocampal neurons significantly reduced the density of dendritic spines by downregulating the expression of BDNF, and such effects could be rescued by supplementing recombinant BDNF protein. Taken together, CH mediates cognitive impairment of pups through the inactivation of CaMKIV in the hippocampal neurons, which decreases the expression of EGR3 and further reduces the production of BDNF, thereby impairing the growth of dendritic spines. Identifying CaMKIV/EGR3/BDNF pathway in the hippocampal neurons in the context of CH will benefit the drug development of intellectual disability caused by CH.
Collapse
|
34
|
Shin HM, Oh J, J. Schmidt R, N. Pearce E. Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction, and Child Autism Spectrum Disorder. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:819-829. [PMID: 36415960 PMCID: PMC9816503 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with its high economic and societal costs, is a growing public health concern whose prevalence has risen steadily over the last two decades. Although actual increased incidence versus improved diagnosis remains controversial, the increased prevalence of ASD suggests non-inherited factors as likely contributors. There is increasing epidemiologic evidence that abnormal maternal thyroid function during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of child ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is known to disrupt thyroid function and can affect early brain development; thus, thyroid dysfunction is hypothesized to mediate this relationship. The concept of a potential pathway from prenatal PFAS exposure through thyroid dysfunction to ASD etiology is not new; however, the extant literature on this topic is scant. The aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize reports with regard to potential mechanisms in this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Corresponding author: Hyeong-Moo Shin. Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA Tel: +1-254-710-7627, Fax: +1-254-710-3409 E-mail:
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martinez ME, Pinz I, Preda M, Norton CR, Gridley T, Hernandez A. DIO3 protects against thyrotoxicosis-derived cranio-encephalic and cardiac congenital abnormalities. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161214. [PMID: 36166296 PMCID: PMC9675556 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities at birth, but it is not clear which of these defects arise from a transient developmental excess of thyroid hormone and which depend on pregnancy stage, antithyroid drug choice, or unwanted subsequent fetal hypothyroidism. To address this issue, we studied a mouse model of comprehensive developmental thyrotoxicosis secondary to a lack of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3). Dio3-/- mice exhibited reduced neonatal viability on most genetic backgrounds and perinatal lethality on a C57BL/6 background. Dio3-/- mice exhibited severe growth retardation during the neonatal period and cartilage loss. Mice surviving after birth manifested brain and cranial dysmorphisms, severe hydrocephalus, choanal atresia, and cleft palate. These abnormalities were noticeable in C57BL/6J Dio3-/- mice at fetal stages, in addition to a thyrotoxic heart with septal defects and thin ventricular walls. Our findings stress the protecting role of DIO3 during development and support the hypothesis that human congenital abnormalities associated with hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are caused by transient thyrotoxicosis before clinical intervention. Our results also suggest thyroid hormone involvement in the etiology of idiopathic pathologies including cleft palate, choanal atresia, Chiari malformations, Kaschin-Beck disease, and Temple and other cranio-encephalic and heart syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Ilka Pinz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilena Preda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Christine R. Norton
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hashimoto Encephalopathy—Still More Questions than Answers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182873. [PMID: 36139446 PMCID: PMC9496753 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of the nervous system is conditioned by the undisturbed function of the thyroid gland and its hormones. Comprehensive clinical manifestations, including neurological disorders in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, have long been understood and, in recent years, attention has been paid to neurological symptoms in euthyroid patients. Hashimoto encephalopathy is a controversial and poorly understood disease entity and the pathogenesis of the condition remains unclear. We still derive our understanding of this condition from case reports, but on the basis of these, a clear clinical picture of this entity can be proposed. Based on a review of the recent literature, the authors present the current view on the subject, discuss controversies and questions that still remain unanswered, as well as ongoing research in this area and the results of our own work in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Micali C, Russotto Y, Celesia BM, Santoro L, Marino A, Pellicanò GF, Nunnari G, Venanzi Rullo E. Thyroid Diseases and Thyroid Asymptomatic Dysfunction in People Living With HIV. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:655-667. [PMID: 36136821 PMCID: PMC9498502 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases (TDs) and thyroid asymptomatic dysfunctions (TADs) are correlated with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as well as many endocrine dysfunctions and dysregulation of hormonal axes. To date, available studies on People Living With HIV (PLWH) affected by thyroid diseases and asymptomatic dysfunctions are few and rather controversial. The purpose of the present non-systematic literature review is to recap the current knowledge on the main features of thyroid dysfunctions and disorders in PLWH. Large cohort studies are needed for a better comprehension of the impact, evolution and treatment of thyroid pathologies in the HIV-infected population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Micali
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Russotto
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2032
| | - Benedetto Maurizio Celesia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Santoro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Marino
- Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Goodman CV, Bashash M, Green R, Song P, Peterson KE, Schnaas L, Mercado-García A, Martínez-Medina S, Hernández-Avila M, Martinez-Mier A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Hu H, Till C. Domain-specific effects of prenatal fluoride exposure on child IQ at 4, 5, and 6-12 years in the ELEMENT cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:112993. [PMID: 35276192 PMCID: PMC9890727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal exposure to fluoride has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the neuropsychological profile of fluoride's developmental neurotoxicity at low levels and the stability of this relationship across childhood has not been characterized. We investigated the longitudinal and domain specific effect of prenatal fluoride exposure on IQ among children ages 4, 5, and 6-12 years in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort. METHODS We measured the average of maternal urinary fluoride at each trimester of pregnancy adjusted for creatinine (MUFCRE). Children were administered the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at ages 4 (N = 386) and 5 (N = 308), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence at age 6-12 (N = 278). We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to estimate the population averaged effect of MUFCRE concentration on longitudinal General Cognitive Index (GCI)/Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Performance IQ (PIQ) scores (N = 348). We tested for possible interactions between MUFCRE and child sex as well as for MUFCRE and time point on children's IQ. All models controlled for relevant available covariates. RESULTS The mean/median MUFCRE concentration was 0.90/0.83 mg/L (SD = 0.39; IQR, 0.64-1.11 mg/L). A 0.5 mg/L increase in MUFCRE predicted an average 2.12-point decrease in GCI/FSIQ (95% CI: -3.49, -0.75) and 2.63-point decrease in PIQ (95% CI: -3.87, -1.40). MUFCRE was marginally associated with VIQ across time (B = -1.29, 95% CI: -2.60, 0.01). No interactions between MUFCRE and child sex or MUFCRE and time were observed. CONCLUSION The negative association between prenatal fluoride exposure and longitudinal IQ was driven by decrements in non-verbal intelligence (i.e. PIQ), suggesting that visual-spatial and perceptual reasoning abilities may be more impacted by prenatal fluoride exposure as compared to verbal abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly V Goodman
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morteza Bashash
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rivka Green
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Song
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Till
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zeng Z, Xu X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Meng P, Huo X. Maternal exposure to atmospheric PM 2.5 and fetal brain development: Associations with BAI1 methylation and thyroid hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119665. [PMID: 35738517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal development, including abnormal brain development. However, the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors remain uncertain. This study investigated the roles of DNA methylation in genes involving neurodevelopment and thyroid hormones (THs) in fetal brain development after maternal exposure to PM2.5 from e-waste. Among 939 healthy pregnant women recruited from June 2011 to September 2012, 101 e-waste-exposed and 103 reference mother-infant pairs (204 pairs totally) were included. Annual ground-level PM2.5 concentrations over e-waste-exposed area (116.38°E, 23.29°N) and reference area (116.67°E, 23.34°N) in 2011, 2012 were obtained by estimates and maternal exposure was evaluated by calculating individual chronic daily intakes (CDIs) of PM2.5. Methylation and THs including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) level were measured in umbilical cord blood collected shortly after delivery. We found higher ground-level PM2.5 concentrations led to greater individual CDI of PM2.5 in e-waste-exposed pregnant women. After adjustment for gender and birth BMI, significant mediation effects on the adverse associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with birth head circumference were observed for methylations at positions +13 and + 32 (respectively mediated proportion of 9.8% and 5.3%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) in the brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) gene, but not for methylations in the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene. BAI1 (position +13) methylation was also significantly correlated with FT3 levels (rs = -0.156, P = 0.032), although maternal CDI of PM2.5 was positively associated with higher odds of abnormal TSH levels (OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 25.20, P = 0.05) rather than FT3 levels. Our findings suggest that methylation (likely linked to THs) in neonates may play mediation roles associated with abnormal brain development risk due to maternal exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 from e-waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Peipei Meng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in driving sex-specific signaling. Sex differences in the brain have been observed in humans as well as in non-human species. However, the molecular mechanisms of brain sex differentiation remain unclear. The classical model of brain sex differentiation suggests that the steroid hormones derived from the gonads are the primary determinants in establishing male and female neural networks. Recent studies indicate that the developing brain shows sex-specific differences in gene expression prior to gonadal hormone action. Hence, genetic differences may also be responsible for differentiating the brain into male and female types. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in brain sex differentiation could help further elucidate the sex-specific incidences of certain neurological diseases. The zebrafish model could be appropriate for enhancing our understanding of brain sex differentiation and the signaling involved in neurological diseases. Zebrafish brains show sex-specific differences at the hormonal level, and recent advances in RNA sequencing have highlighted critical sex-specific differences at the transcript level. The differences are also evident at the cellular and metabolite levels, which could be important in organizing sex-specific neuronal signaling. Furthermore, in addition to having one ortholog for 70% of the human gene, zebrafish also shares brain structural similarities with other higher eukaryotes, including mammals. Hence, deciphering brain sex differentiation in zebrafish will help further enhance the diagnostic and pharmacological intervention of neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
41
|
Docosahexaenoic Acid and Melatonin Prevent Impaired Oligodendrogenesis Induced by Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051205. [PMID: 35625940 PMCID: PMC9138514 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our aims were to characterize oligodendrogenesis alterations in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to find therapeutic strategies to prevent/treat them using a novel rabbit in vitro neurosphere culture. IUGR was surgically induced in one uterine horn of pregnant rabbits, while the contralateral horn served as a control. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were obtained from pup’s whole brain and cultured as neurospheres mimicking the basic processes of brain development including migration and cell differentiation. Five substances, chosen based on evidence provided in the literature, were screened in vitro in neurospheres from untreated rabbits: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), melatonin (MEL), zinc, 3,3′,5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), and lactoferrin (LF) or its metabolite sialic acid (SA). DHA, MEL and LF were further selected for in vivo administration and subsequent evaluation in the Neurosphere Assay. In the IUGR culture, we observed a significantly reduced percentage of oligodendrocytes (OLs) which correlated with clinical findings indicating white matter injury in IUGR infants. We identified DHA and MEL as the most effective therapies. In all cases, our in vitro rabbit neurosphere assay predicted the outcome of the in vivo administration of the therapies and confirmed the reliability of the model, making it a powerful and consistent tool to select new neuroprotective therapies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Jin T, Wang R, Peng S, Liu X, Zhang H, He X, Teng W, Teng X. Developmental Hypothyroidism Influences the Development of the Entorhinal-Dentate Gyrus Pathway of Rat Offspring. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:290-302. [PMID: 35390249 PMCID: PMC9081305 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental hypothyroidism impairs learning and memory in offspring, which depend on extensive neuronal circuits in the entorhinal cortex, together with the hippocampus and neocortex. The entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway is the main entrance of memory circuits. We investigated whether developmental hypothyroidism impaired the morphological development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway. METHODS We examined the structure and function of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway in response to developmental hypothyroidism induced using 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole. RESULTS 1,1´-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3´,3´-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate tract tracing indicated that entorhinal axons showed delayed growth in reaching the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus at postnatal days 2 and 4 in hypothyroid conditions. The proportion of fibers in the outer molecular layer was significantly smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group at postnatal day 4. At postnatal day 10, the pathway showed a layer-specific distribution in the outer molecular layer, similar to the euthyroid group. However, the projected area of entorhinal axons was smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group. An electrophysiological examination showed that hypothyroidism impaired the long-term potentiation of the perforant and the cornu ammonis 3-cornu ammonis 1 pathways. Many repulsive axon guidance molecules were involved in the formation of the entorhinaldentate gyrus pathway. The hypothyroid group had higher levels of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte ligand A3 and semaphorin 3A than the euthyroid group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that developmental hypothyroidism might influence the development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway, contributing to impaired long-term potentiation. These findings improve our understanding of neural mechanisms for memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cohen A, Popowitz J, Delbridge-Perry M, Rowe CJ, Connaughton VP. The Role of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormones in Zebrafish Visual System Function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837687. [PMID: 35295340 PMCID: PMC8918846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual system development is a highly complex process involving coordination of environmental cues, cell pathways, and integration of functional circuits. Consequently, a change to any step, due to a mutation or chemical exposure, can lead to deleterious consequences. One class of chemicals known to have both overt and subtle effects on the visual system is endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs are environmental contaminants which alter hormonal signaling by either preventing compound synthesis or binding to postsynaptic receptors. Interestingly, recent work has identified neuronal and sensory systems, particularly vision, as targets for EDCs. In particular, estrogenic and thyroidogenic signaling have been identified as critical modulators of proper visual system development and function. Here, we summarize and review this work, from our lab and others, focusing on behavioral, physiological, and molecular data collected in zebrafish. We also discuss different exposure regimes used, including long-lasting effects of developmental exposure. Overall, zebrafish are a model of choice to examine the impact of EDCs and other compounds targeting estrogen and thyroid signaling and the consequences of exposure in visual system development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annastelle Cohen
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | - Jeremy Popowitz
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | | | - Cassie J. Rowe
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Victoria P. Connaughton,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mayerl S, Alcaide Martin A, Bauer R, Schwaninger M, Heuer H, ffrench-Constant C. Distinct Actions of the Thyroid Hormone Transporters Mct8 and Oatp1c1 in Murine Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:524. [PMID: 35159334 PMCID: PMC8834272 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the thyroid hormone (TH) transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) result in Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome, a severe form of psychomotor retardation, while inactivating mutations in another TH transporter, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 (OATP1C1), are linked to juvenile neurodegeneration. These diseases point to essential roles for TH transporters in CNS function. We recently defined the presence of Mct8 in adult hippocampal progenitors and mature granule cell neurons and unraveled cell-autonomous and indirect requirements for Mct8 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we investigated whether Oatp1c1 is involved in the hippocampal neurogenic process in concert with Mct8. We detected Oatp1c1 gene expression activity and transcripts in subsets of progenitors, neurons and niche cells in the dentate gyrus. Absence of Oatp1c1 resulted in increased neuroblast and reduced immature neuron numbers in 6-month-old Oatp1c1ko and Mct8/Oatp1c1 double knockout (M/Odko) mice. Reduced EdU-label retention in Mct8ko and M/Odko mice confirmed the impact of Mct8 on neuron formation. In contrast, no significant effect of Oatp1c1 loss on granule cell neuron production and anxiety-like behavior in the open field arena were seen. Together, our results reinforce that distinct actions of each TH transporter are required at multiple stages to ensure proper adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.A.M.); (H.H.)
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Andrea Alcaide Martin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.A.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.A.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Charles ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Das D, Banerjee A, Jena AB, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Essentiality, relevance, and efficacy of adjuvant/combinational therapy in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112613. [PMID: 35062076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide having an epidemiology of 11% in Indians, 4.6% in the United Kingdom, and 2% in the United States of America among the overall population. The common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. This review briefly elaborates the molecular regulation and mechanism of thyroid hormone, and its associated thyroid disorders. The thyroid hormones regulate critical biochemical functions in brain development and function. Hypothyroidism is mainly associated with dysregulation of cytokines, increased ROS production, and altered signal transduction in major regions of the brain. In addition, it is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in humans. Though 70% of thyroid disorders are caused by heredity, environmental factors have a significant influence in developing autoimmune thyroid disorders in people who are predisposed to them. This drives us to understand the relationship between environmental factors and thyroid dysregulated disorders. The treatment option for the thyroid disorder includes antithyroid medications, receiving radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery at a critical stage. However, antithyroid drugs are not typically used long-term in thyroid disease due to the high recurrence rate. Adjuvant treatment of antioxidants can produce better outcomes with anti-thyroid drug treatment. Thus, Adjuvant therapy has been proven as an effective strategy for managing thyroid dysfunction, herbal remedies can be used to treat thyroid dysfunction in the future, which in turn can reduce the prevalence of thyroid disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tang N, Fan P, Chen L, Yu X, Wang W, Wang W, Ouyang F. The Effect of Early Life Exposure to Triclosan on Thyroid Follicles and Hormone Levels in Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:850231. [PMID: 35721760 PMCID: PMC9203717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.850231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial chemical widely used in personal care products. Most of the TCS component is discharged and enters the aquatic ecosystem after usage. TCS has a similar structure as thyroid hormones that are synthesized by thyroid follicular epithelial cells, thus TCS has a potential endocrine disrupting effect. It is still not clear how the different levels of the environmental TCS would affect early development in vivo. This study examines the effects of TCS on thyroid hormone secretion and the early development of zebrafish. The fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to TCS at 0 (control), 3, 30, 100, 300, and 900 ng/mL, and the hatching rate and the larvae mortality were inspected within the first 14 days. The total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured at 7, 14, and 120 days post-fertilization (dpf). The histopathological examinations of thyroid follicles were conducted at 120 dpf. TCS exposure at 30-300 ng/mL reduced the hatching rate of larvae to 34.5% to 28.2 % in the first 48 hours and 93.8 .7 % to 86.8 % at 72 h. Extremely high TCS exposure (900 ng/mL) strongly inhibited the hatching rate, and all the larvae died within 1 day. Exposure to TCS from 3 to 300 ng/mL reduced the thyroid hormones production. The mean TT3 and FT3 levels of zebrafish decreased in 300 ng/mL TCS at 14 dpf (300 ng/mL TCS vs. control : TT3 , 0.19 ± 0.08 vs. 0.39 ± 0.06; FT3, 19.21 ± 3.13 vs. 28.53 ± 1.98 pg/mg), and the FT4 decreased at 120 dpf ( 0.09 ± 0.04 vs. 0.20 ± 0.14 pg/mg). At 120 dpf , in the 300 ng/mL TCS exposure group, the nuclear area and the height of thyroid follicular epithelial cells became greater, and the follicle cell layer got thicker. This happened along with follicle hyperplasia, nuclear hypertrophy, and angiogenesis in the thyroid. Our study demonstrated that early life exposure to high TCS levels reduces the rate and speed of embryos hatching, and induces the histopathological change of thyroid follicle, and decreases the TT3, FT3, and FT4 production in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pianpian Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxiu Ouyang, ;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Enhanced re-myelination in transthyretin null mice following cuprizone mediated demyelination. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136287. [PMID: 34634393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) impact nearly every tissue in the body, including the adult and developing central nervous system. The distribution of THs around the body is facilitated by specific TH distributor proteins including transthyretin (TTR). In addition to being produced in the liver, TTR is synthesized in the choroid plexus of the brain. The synthesis of TTR by choroid plexus epithelial cells allows transport of THs from the blood into the brain. Adequate supply of THs to the brain is required for developmental myelination of axons and the maintenance of mature myelin throughout adult life, essential for the proper conduction of nerve impulses. Insufficient THs in developing mice results in hypo-myelination (thinner myelin around axons). However, confounding evidence demonstrated that in developing brain of TTR null mice, hyper-myelination of axons was observed in the corpus callosum. This raised the question whether increased myelination occurs during re-myelination in the adult brain following targeted demyelination. To investigate the effect of TTR during re-myelination, cuprizone induced depletion of myelin in the corpus callosum of adult mice was initiated, followed by a period of myelin repair. Myelin thickness was measured to assess re-myelination rates for 6 weeks. TTR null mice displayed expedited rates of early re-myelination, preferentially re-myelinating smaller axons compared to those of wild type mice. Furthermore, TTR null mice produced thicker myelin than wild type mice during re-myelination. These results may have broader implications in understanding mechanisms governing re-myelination, particularly in potential therapeutic contexts for acquired demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Harari-Kremer R, Calderon-Margalit R, Korevaar TIM, Nevo D, Broday D, Kloog I, Grotto I, Karakis I, Shtein A, Haim A, Raz R. Associations Between Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Congenital Hypothyroidism. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:2630-2638. [PMID: 34180983 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate thyroid hormone availability is required for normal brain development. Studies have found associations between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and newborns. We aimed to examine associations of trimester-specific residential exposure to common air pollutants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT). All term infants born in Israel during 2009-2015 were eligible for inclusion. We used data on CHT from the national neonatal screening lab of Israel, and exposure data from spatiotemporal air pollution models. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations of exposures with CHT, adjusting for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographical area, conception season, conception year, gestational age, birth weight, and child sex. To assess residual confounding, we used postnatal exposures to the same pollutants as negative controls. The study population included 696,461 neonates. We found a positive association between third-trimester nitrogen oxide exposure and CHT (per interquartile-range change, odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.41) and a similar association for nitrogen dioxide. There was no evidence of residual confounding or bias by correlation among exposure periods for these associations.
Collapse
|
49
|
Valcárcel-Hernández V, López-Espíndola D, Guillén-Yunta M, García-Aldea Á, López de Toledo Soler I, Bárez-López S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Deficient thyroid hormone transport to the brain leads to impairments in axonal caliber and oligodendroglial development. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105567. [PMID: 34838669 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) lead to profound brain alterations, including myelination impairments, in humans. We aimed to further explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the MCT8 deficiency-associated myelination impairments to unravel new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We have performed brain histological analysis on an MCT8-deficient subject and histological, ultrastructural, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis in the brain of a mouse model of the syndrome, lacking MCT8 and enzyme deiodinase type 2 (DIO2, Mct8/Dio2 KO). We have found that the MCT8-deficient subject presents severely reduced myelin lipid and protein staining and increased proportion of small-caliber myelinated axons in detriment of large-caliber ones. Mct8/Dio2 KO mice present myelination impairments and abnormal oligodendroglial development. We conclude that the greater proportion of small-caliber axons and impairments in the oligodendroglia lineage progression arise as potential mechanisms underlying the permanent myelination defects in MCT8-deficiency. Moreover, we present the Mct8/Dio2 KO mouse model, and MRI as a non-invasive biomarker, as highly valuable tools for preclinical studies involving MCT8 deficiency. These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathological mechanisms in MCT8 deficiency and suggest new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to consider therapeutic options for the neurological defects in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela López-Espíndola
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Escuela de Tecnología Médica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marina Guillén-Yunta
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Aldea
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López de Toledo Soler
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Verma NR, Naik G, Patel S, Padhi P, Naik T, Nanda R. A detailed observational study of maternal and neonatal variables affecting the thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in neonates. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-021-00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal growth and the central nervous system development. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the key regulatory hormone. Their levels are quite dynamic in the perinatal period and are influenced by multiple factors. These factors should be taken into consideration during newborn screening. This study aimed to observe the impact of maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal TSH status.
Results
Neonatal TSH (nTSH) depicted a positive correlation with parity (p = 0.066) while negative correlation recorded with maternal blood haemoglobin (p = 0.007) among maternal factors.
New-born length (p = 0.027) and birth weight (p < 0.001) exhibited a negative correlation with nTSH among neonatal factors.
Conclusions
This study concludes that among all the maternal and neonatal factors, birth weight shows the most influence on nTSH. However, the effect may be compounded by other factors. As these risk elements rarely occur singly, it is often difficult to find the exposure which confer the risk on children. These factors should be considered while interpreting the result of the screening program.
Collapse
|