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Chiang WY, Yu HW, Wu MC, Huang YM, Chen YQ, Lin JW, Liu YW, You LR, Chiou A, Kuo JC. Matrix mechanics regulates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1 activity. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122551. [PMID: 38593710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a prevalent muscle disease characterized by muscle mass and strength reduction, is associated with impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the influence of the biomechanical properties of sarcopenic skeletal muscle on the efficiency of the myogenic program remains unclear. Herein, we established a mouse model of sarcopenia and observed a reduction in stiffness within the sarcopenic skeletal muscle in vivo. To investigate whether the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle directly impact the myogenic program, we established an in vitro system to explore the intrinsic mechanism involving matrix stiffness control of myogenic differentiation. Our findings identify the microtubule motor protein, kinesin-1, as a mechano-transduction hub that senses and responds to matrix stiffness, crucial for myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Specifically, kinesin-1 activity is positively regulated by stiff matrices, facilitating its role in transporting mitochondria and enhancing translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell surface for glucose uptake. Conversely, the softer matrices significantly suppress kinesin-1 activity, leading to the accumulation of mitochondria around nuclei and hindering glucose uptake by inhibiting GLUT4 membrane translocation, consequently impairing myogenic differentiation. The insights gained from the in-vitro system highlight the mechano-transduction significance of kinesin-1 motor proteins in myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, our study confirms that enhancing kinesin-1 activity in the sarcopenic mouse model restores satellite cell expansion, myogenic differentiation, and muscle regeneration. Taken together, our findings provide a potential target for improving muscle regeneration in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Helen Wenshin Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Man Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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2
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Xie C, Chen G, Li M, Huang P, Chen Z, Lei K, Li D, Wang Y, Cleetus A, Mohamed MA, Sonar P, Feng W, Ökten Z, Ou G. Neurons dispose of hyperactive kinesin into glial cells for clearance. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00118-0. [PMID: 38806659 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based kinesin motor proteins are crucial for intracellular transport, but their hyperactivation can be detrimental for cellular functions. This study investigated the impact of a constitutively active ciliary kinesin mutant, OSM-3CA, on sensory cilia in C. elegans. Surprisingly, we found that OSM-3CA was absent from cilia but underwent disposal through membrane abscission at the tips of aberrant neurites. Neighboring glial cells engulf and eliminate the released OSM-3CA, a process that depends on the engulfment receptor CED-1. Through genetic suppressor screens, we identified intragenic mutations in the OSM-3CA motor domain and mutations inhibiting the ciliary kinase DYF-5, both of which restored normal cilia in OSM-3CA-expressing animals. We showed that conformational changes in OSM-3CA prevent its entry into cilia, and OSM-3CA disposal requires its hyperactivity. Finally, we provide evidence that neurons also dispose of hyperactive kinesin-1 resulting from a clinic variant associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting a widespread mechanism for regulating hyperactive kinesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Lei
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Augustine Cleetus
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aa Mohamed
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Punam Sonar
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zeynep Ökten
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Pavlowsky A, Comyn T, Minatchy J, Geny D, Bun P, Danglot L, Preat T, Plaçais PY. Spaced training activates Miro/Milton-dependent mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal axons to sustain long-term memory. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1904-1917.e6. [PMID: 38642548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurons have differential and fluctuating energy needs across distinct cellular compartments, shaped by brain electrochemical activity associated with cognition. In vitro studies show that mitochondria transport from soma to axons is key to maintaining neuronal energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, whether the spatial distribution of neuronal mitochondria is dynamically adjusted in vivo in an experience-dependent manner remains unknown. In Drosophila, associative long-term memory (LTM) formation is initiated by an early and persistent upregulation of mitochondrial pyruvate flux in the axonal compartment of neurons in the mushroom body (MB). Through behavior experiments, super-resolution analysis of mitochondria morphology in the neuronal soma and in vivo mitochondrial fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements in the axons, we show that LTM induction, contrary to shorter-lived memories, is sustained by the departure of some mitochondria from MB neuronal soma and increased mitochondrial dynamics in the axonal compartment. Accordingly, impairing mitochondrial dynamics abolished the increased pyruvate consumption, specifically after spaced training and in the MB axonal compartment, thereby preventing LTM formation. Our results thus promote reorganization of the mitochondrial network in neurons as an integral step in elaborating high-order cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pavlowsky
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Typhaine Comyn
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julia Minatchy
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- Université de Paris, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bun
- Université de Paris, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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4
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Lapcik P, Stacey RG, Potesil D, Kulhanek P, Foster LJ, Bouchal P. Global Interactome Mapping Reveals Pro-tumorigenic Interactions of NF-κB in Breast Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100744. [PMID: 38417630 PMCID: PMC10988130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB pathway is involved in inflammation; however, recent data shows its role also in cancer development and progression, including metastasis. To understand the role of NF-κB interactome dynamics in cancer, we study the complexity of breast cancer interactome in luminal A breast cancer model and its rearrangement associated with NF-κB modulation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of 160 size-exclusion chromatography fractions identifies 5460 protein groups. Seven thousand five hundred sixty eight interactions among these proteins have been reconstructed by PrInCE algorithm, of which 2564 have been validated in independent datasets. NF-κB modulation leads to rearrangement of protein complexes involved in NF-κB signaling and immune response, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication. Central NF-κB transcription regulator RELA co-elutes with interactors of NF-κB activator PRMT5, and these complexes are confirmed by AlphaPulldown prediction. A complementary immunoprecipitation experiment recapitulates RELA interactions with other NF-κB factors, associating NF-κB inhibition with lower binding of NF-κB activators to RELA. This study describes a network of pro-tumorigenic protein interactions and their rearrangement upon NF-κB inhibition with potential therapeutic implications in tumors with high NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lapcik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Greg Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Potesil
- Proteomics Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kulhanek
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Banerjee S, Zhao Q, Wang B, Qin J, Yuan X, Lou Z, Zheng W, Li H, Wang X, Cheng X, Zhu Y, Lin F, Yang F, Xu J, Munshi A, Das P, Zhou Y, Mandal K, Wang Y, Ayub M, Hirokawa N, Xi Y, Chen G, Li C. A novel in-frame deletion in KIF5C gene causes infantile onset epilepsy and psychomotor retardation. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e469. [PMID: 38525108 PMCID: PMC10960728 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins, encoded by Kinesin superfamily (KIF) genes, are critical for brain development and plasticity. Increasing studies reported KIF's roles in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, a 6 years and 3 months-old Chinese boy with markedly symptomatic epilepsy, intellectual disability, brain atrophy, and psychomotor retardation was investigated. His parents and younger sister were phenotypically normal and had no disease-related family history. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous in-frame deletion (c.265_267delTCA) in exon 3 of the KIF5C in the proband, resulting in the removal of evolutionarily highly conserved p.Ser90, located in its ATP-binding domain. Sanger sequencing excluded the proband's parents and family members from harboring this variant. The activity of ATP hydrolysis in vitro was significantly reduced as predicted. Immunofluorescence studies showed wild-type KIF5C was widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm, while mutant KIF5C was colocalized with microtubules. The live-cell imaging of the cargo-trafficking assay revealed that mutant KIF5C lost the peroxisome-transporting ability. Drosophila models also confirmed p.Ser90del's essential role in nervous system development. This study emphasized the importance of the KIF5C gene in intracellular cargo-transport as well as germline variants that lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and might enable clinicians for timely and accurate diagnosis and disease management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of GeneticsCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of PediatricsShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ziwei Lou
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Weizeng Zheng
- Department of RadiologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Huanguo Li
- Department of RadiologyHangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular MedicineCentral University of PunjabBathindaIndia
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic DisordersBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical GeneticsSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Guangfu Chen
- Department of PediatricsShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Alibaba‐Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital HealthcareHangzhouChina
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6
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Cervera-Juanes R, Zimmerman KD, Wilhelm L, Zhu D, Bodie J, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Modulation of neural gene networks by estradiol in old rhesus macaque females. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01133-z. [PMID: 38509416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The postmenopausal decrease in circulating estradiol (E2) levels has been shown to contribute to several adverse physiological and psychiatric effects. To elucidate the molecular effects of E2 on the brain, we examined differential gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in the nonhuman primate brain following ovariectomy (Ov) and subsequent subcutaneous bioidentical E2 chronic treatment. We identified several dysregulated molecular networks, including MAPK signaling and dopaminergic synapse response, that are associated with ovariectomy and shared across two different brain areas, the occipital cortex (OC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The finding that hypomethylation (p = 1.6 × 10-51) and upregulation (p = 3.8 × 10-3) of UBE2M across both brain regions provide strong evidence for molecular differences in the brain induced by E2 depletion. Additionally, differential expression (p = 1.9 × 10-4; interaction p = 3.5 × 10-2) of LTBR in the PFC provides further support for the role E2 plays in the brain, by demonstrating that the regulation of some genes that are altered by ovariectomy may also be modulated by Ov followed by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). These results present real opportunities to understand the specific biological mechanisms that are altered with depleted E2. Given E2's potential role in cognitive decline and neuroinflammation, our findings could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutics to slow cognitive decline. Together, this work represents a major step toward understanding molecular changes in the brain that are caused by ovariectomy and how E2 treatment may revert or protect against the negative neuro-related consequences caused by a depletion in estrogen as women approach menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Kip D Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Larry Wilhelm
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jessica Bodie
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Steven G Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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7
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Ke L, Lin X, Luo Y, Tao S, Yan C, He Y, Wu Y, Liu N, Qin Y. Autophagy core protein BECN1 is vital for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:599-614. [PMID: 37975917 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly complex multi-step biological process, and autophagy has been demonstrated to be involved in the process of spermatogenesis. Beclin-1/BECN1, a core autophagy factor, plays a critical role in many biological processes and diseases. However, its function in spermatogenesis remains largely unclear. In the present study, germ cell-specific Beclin 1 (Becn1) knockout mice were generated and were conducted to determine the role of Becn1 in spermatogenesis and fertility of mice. Results indicate that Becn1 deficiency leads to reduced sperm motility and quantity, partial failure of spermiation, actin network disruption, excessive residual cytoplasm, acrosome malformation, and aberrant mitochondrial accumulation of sperm, ultimately resulting in reduced fertility in male mice. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy was observed in the testes of germ cell-specific Becn1 knockout mice, which may contribute to impaired spermiogenesis and reduced fertility. Collectively, our results reveal that Becn1 is essential for fertility and spermiogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeilong He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Cunha-Oliveira T, Montezinho L, Simões RF, Carvalho M, Ferreiro E, Silva FSG. Mitochondria: A Promising Convergent Target for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:248. [PMID: 38334639 PMCID: PMC10854804 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, for which current treatment options are limited. Recent studies have shed light on the role of mitochondria in ALS pathogenesis, making them an attractive therapeutic intervention target. This review contains a very comprehensive critical description of the involvement of mitochondria and mitochondria-mediated mechanisms in ALS. The review covers several key areas related to mitochondria in ALS, including impaired mitochondrial function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species, metabolic processes and energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, turnover, autophagy and mitophagy, impaired mitochondrial transport, and apoptosis. This review also highlights preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated various mitochondria-targeted therapies for ALS treatment. These include strategies to improve mitochondrial function, such as the use of dichloroacetate, ketogenic and high-fat diets, acetyl-carnitine, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Additionally, antiapoptotic agents, like the mPTP-targeting agents minocycline and rasagiline, are discussed. The paper aims to contribute to the identification of effective mitochondria-targeted therapies for ALS treatment by synthesizing the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in ALS pathogenesis and reviewing potential convergent therapeutic interventions. The complex interplay between mitochondria and the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS holds promise for the development of novel treatment strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Montezinho
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Rui F. Simões
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Carvalho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena S. G. Silva
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Mitotag Lda, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
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10
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Cervera-Juanes R, Zimmerman KD, Wilhelm L, Zhu D, Bodie J, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Modulation of neural gene networks by estradiol in old rhesus macaque females. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572105. [PMID: 38187564 PMCID: PMC10769303 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The postmenopausal decrease in circulating estradiol (E2) levels has been shown to contribute to several adverse physiological and psychiatric effects. To elucidate the molecular effects of E2 on the brain, we examined differential gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in the nonhuman primate brain following ovariectomy (Ov) and subsequent E2 treatment. We identified several dysregulated molecular networks, including MAPK signaling and dopaminergic synapse response, that are associated with ovariectomy and shared across two different brain areas, the occipital cortex (OC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The finding that hypomethylation (p=1.6×10-51) and upregulation (p=3.8×10-3) of UBE2M across both brain regions, provide strong evidence for molecular differences in the brain induced by E2 depletion. Additionally, differential expression (p=1.9×10-4; interaction p=3.5×10-2) of LTBR in the PFC, provides further support for the role E2 plays in the brain, by demonstrating that the regulation of some genes that are altered by ovariectomy may also be modulated by Ov followed by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). These results present real opportunities to understand the specific biological mechanisms that are altered with depleted E2. Given E2's potential role in cognitive decline and neuroinflammation, our findings could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutics to slow cognitive decline. Together, this work represents a major step towards understanding molecular changes in the brain that are caused by ovariectomy and how E2 treatment may revert or protect against the negative neuro-related consequences caused by a depletion in estrogen as women approach menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- Center for Precision Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- Department of Internal Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Larry Wilhelm
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Jessica Bodie
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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11
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Marom R, Zhang B, Washington ME, Song IW, Burrage LC, Rossi VC, Berrier AS, Lindsey A, Lesinski J, Nonet ML, Chen J, Baldridge D, Silverman GA, Sutton VR, Rosenfeld JA, Tran AA, Hicks MJ, Murdock DR, Dai H, Weis M, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Caswell R, Pottinger C, Cilliers D, Stals K, Eyre D, Krakow D, Schedl T, Pak SC, Lee BH. Dominant negative variants in KIF5B cause osteogenesis imperfecta via down regulation of mTOR signaling. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011005. [PMID: 37934770 PMCID: PMC10656020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin motor proteins transport intracellular cargo, including mRNA, proteins, and organelles. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-related genes have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and skeletal dysplasias. We identified de novo, heterozygous variants in KIF5B, encoding a kinesin-1 subunit, in four individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. The variants cluster within the highly conserved kinesin motor domain and are predicted to interfere with nucleotide binding, although the mechanistic consequences on cell signaling and function are unknown. METHODS To understand the in vivo genetic mechanism of KIF5B variants, we modeled the p.Thr87Ile variant that was found in two patients in the C. elegans ortholog, unc-116, at the corresponding position (Thr90Ile) by CRISPR/Cas9 editing and performed functional analysis. Next, we studied the cellular and molecular consequences of the recurrent p.Thr87Ile variant by microscopy, RNA and protein analysis in NIH3T3 cells, primary human fibroblasts and bone biopsy. RESULTS C. elegans heterozygous for the unc-116 Thr90Ile variant displayed abnormal body length and motility phenotypes that were suppressed by additional copies of the wild type allele, consistent with a dominant negative mechanism. Time-lapse imaging of GFP-tagged mitochondria showed defective mitochondria transport in unc-116 Thr90Ile neurons providing strong evidence for disrupted kinesin motor function. Microscopy studies in human cells showed dilated endoplasmic reticulum, multiple intracellular vacuoles, and abnormal distribution of the Golgi complex, supporting an intracellular trafficking defect. RNA sequencing, proteomic analysis, and bone immunohistochemistry demonstrated down regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway that was partially rescued with leucine supplementation in patient cells. CONCLUSION We report dominant negative variants in the KIF5B kinesin motor domain in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. This study expands the spectrum of kinesin-related disorders and identifies dysregulated signaling targets for KIF5B in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Washington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vittoria C. Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ava S. Berrier
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anika Lindsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jacob Lesinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Nonet
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alyssa A. Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - M. John Hicks
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David R. Murdock
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hongzheng Dai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard Caswell
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Pottinger
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, UK
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Human Genetics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Schedl
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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12
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Petzoldt AG. Presynaptic Precursor Vesicles-Cargo, Biogenesis, and Kinesin-Based Transport across Species. Cells 2023; 12:2248. [PMID: 37759474 PMCID: PMC10527734 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The faithful formation and, consequently, function of a synapse requires continuous and tightly controlled delivery of synaptic material. At the presynapse, a variety of proteins with unequal molecular properties are indispensable to compose and control the molecular machinery concerting neurotransmitter release through synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane. As presynaptic proteins are produced mainly in the neuronal soma, they are obliged to traffic along microtubules through the axon to reach the consuming presynapse. This anterograde transport is performed by highly specialised and diverse presynaptic precursor vesicles, membranous organelles able to transport as different proteins such as synaptic vesicle membrane and membrane-associated proteins, cytosolic active zone proteins, ion-channels, and presynaptic membrane proteins, coordinating synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis. This review aims to summarise and categorise the diverse and numerous findings describing presynaptic precursor cargo, mode of trafficking, kinesin-based axonal transport and the molecular mechanisms of presynaptic precursor vesicles biogenesis in both vertebrate and invertebrate model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid G Petzoldt
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Niwa S, Chiba K. Generation of recombinant and chickenized scFv versions of an anti-kinesin monoclonal antibody H2. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:356-366. [PMID: 37036074 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-1, a motor protein composed of the kinesin heavy chain (KHC) and the kinesin light chain (KLC), is essential for proper cellular morphogenesis and function. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) called H2 recognizes the KHC in a broad range of species and is one of the most widely used mAbs in cytoskeletal motor research. Here, we present vectors that express recombinant H2 in mammalian cells. We show the recombinant H2 performs as well as the hybridoma-derived H2 in both western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, the recombinant H2 can detect all three human KHC isotypes (KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated KIF5A aggregates in cells. In addition, we developed a chickenized version of the H2 mAb's single chain variable fragment, which can be used in immunofluorescence microscopy and expands the potential applications of H2. Overall, our results demonstrate that recombinant H2 is a useful tool for studying the functions of KHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kyoko Chiba
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
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14
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Bruno S, Lamberty A, McCoy M, Mark Z, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Butnor K, Poynter ME, Anathy V, Cunniff B. Deletion of Miro1 in airway club cells potentiates allergic asthma phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1187945. [PMID: 37377691 PMCID: PMC10291198 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1187945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles necessary for numerous cellular signaling and regulatory processes. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, trafficked and anchored to subcellular sites depending upon the cellular and tissue requirements. Precise localization of mitochondria to apical and basolateral membranes in lung epithelial cells is important for key mitochondrial processes. Miro1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase that associates with adapter proteins and microtubule motors to promote intracellular movement of mitochondria. We show that deletion of Miro1 in lung epithelial cells leads to perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. However, the role of Miro1 in epithelial cell response to allergic insults remains unknown. We generated a conditional mouse model to delete Miro1 in Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP) positive lung epithelial cells to examine the potential roles of Miro1 and mitochondrial trafficking in the lung epithelial response to the allergen, house dust mite (HDM). Our data show that Miro1 suppresses epithelial induction and maintenance of the inflammatory response to allergen, as Miro1 deletion modestly induces increases in pro-inflammatory signaling, specifically IL-6, IL-33, CCL20 and eotaxin levels, tissue reorganization, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, loss of Miro1 in CCSP+ lung epithelial cells blocks resolution of the asthmatic insult. This study further demonstrates the important contribution of mitochondrial dynamic processes to the airway epithelial allergen response and the pathophysiology of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Amelia Lamberty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Zoe Mark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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15
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Shelke GV, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Bonifacino JS. Inhibition of endolysosome fusion increases exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209084. [PMID: 37213076 PMCID: PMC10202829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells to dispose of undegraded materials and mediate intercellular communication. A major source of exosomes is intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes that undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane. An alternative fate of multivesicular endosomes is fusion with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the intraluminal vesicles. The factors that determine whether multivesicular endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane or with lysosomes are unknown. In this study, we show that impairment of endolysosomal fusion by disruption of a pathway involving the BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), the small GTPase ARL8, and the tethering factor HOPS increases exosome secretion by preventing the delivery of intraluminal vesicles to lysosomes. These findings demonstrate that endolysosomal fusion is a critical determinant of the amount of exosome secretion and suggest that suppression of the BORC-ARL8-HOPS pathway could be used to boost exosome yields in biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Yoshida MW, Hakozaki M, Goshima G. Armadillo repeat-containing kinesin represents the versatile plus-end-directed transporter in Physcomitrella. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:733-748. [PMID: 37142749 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-1, also known as conventional kinesin, is widely used for microtubule plus-end-directed (anterograde) transport of various cargos in animal cells. However, a motor functionally equivalent to the conventional kinesin has not been identified in plants, which lack the kinesin-1 genes. Here we show that plant-specific armadillo repeat-containing kinesin (ARK) is the long sought-after versatile anterograde transporter in plants. In ARK mutants of the moss Physcomitrium patens, the anterograde motility of nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria and secretory vesicles was suppressed. Ectopic expression of non-motile or tail-deleted ARK did not restore organelle distribution. Another prominent macroscopic phenotype of ARK mutants was the suppression of cell tip growth. We showed that this defect was attributed to the mislocalization of actin regulators, including RopGEFs; expression and forced apical localization of RopGEF3 partially rescued the growth phenotype of the ARK mutant. The mutant phenotypes were partially rescued by ARK homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting the conservation of ARK functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari W Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maya Hakozaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Japan.
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17
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Van Huynh T, Rethi L, Rethi L, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Kao YH. The Complex Interplay between Imbalanced Mitochondrial Dynamics and Metabolic Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091223. [PMID: 37174622 PMCID: PMC10177489 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global burden, with an increasing number of people affected and increasing treatment costs. The advances in research and guidelines improve the management of blood glucose and related diseases, but T2DM and its complications are still a big challenge in clinical practice. T2DM is a metabolic disorder in which insulin signaling is impaired from reaching its effectors. Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" that not only generate the energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using pyruvate supplied from glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and amino acids (AA) but also regulate multiple cellular processes such as calcium homeostasis, redox balance, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The mitochondria are highly dynamic in adjusting their functions according to cellular conditions. The shape, morphology, distribution, and number of mitochondria reflect their function through various processes, collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, transport, and mitophagy. These processes determine the overall mitochondrial health and vitality. More evidence supports the idea that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics play essential roles in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, obesity, and T2DM, as well as imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics found in T2DM. This review updates and discusses mitochondrial dynamics and the complex interactions between it and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Van Huynh
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Lekha Rethi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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18
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Chang YW, Tony Yang T, Chen MC, Liaw YG, Yin CF, Lin-Yan XQ, Huang TY, Hou JT, Hung YH, Hsu CL, Huang HC, Juan HF. Spatial and temporal dynamics of ATP synthase from mitochondria toward the cell surface. Commun Biol 2023; 6:427. [PMID: 37072500 PMCID: PMC10113393 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic ATP synthase complex (eATP synthase), located on cancer cell surface, has been reported to possess catalytic activity that facilitates the generation of ATP in the extracellular environment to establish a suitable microenvironment and to be a potential target for cancer therapy. However, the mechanism of intracellular ATP synthase complex transport remains unclear. Using a combination of spatial proteomics, interaction proteomics, and transcriptomics analyses, we find ATP synthase complex is first assembled in the mitochondria and subsequently delivered to the cell surface along the microtubule via the interplay of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B). We further demonstrate that the mitochondrial membrane fuses to the plasma membrane in turn to anchor ATP syntheses on the cell surface using super-resolution imaging and real-time fusion assay in live cells. Our results provide a blueprint of eATP synthase trafficking and contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of tumor progression.
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Grants
- 109-2221-E-010-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- MOST 109-2221-E-010-011-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- MOST 109-2327-B-006-004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- MOST 109-2320-B-002-017-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- MOST 109-2221-E-002-161-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- NTU-110L8808 Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
- NTU-CC-109L104702-2 Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
- NTU-110L7103 Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
- NTU-111L7107 Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
- NTU-CC-112L892102 Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - T Tony Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chun Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Y-Geh Liaw
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Fan Yin
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Qi Lin-Yan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tzu Hou
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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19
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Fernández Casafuz AB, De Rossi MC, Bruno L. Mitochondrial cellular organization and shape fluctuations are differentially modulated by cytoskeletal networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4065. [PMID: 36906690 PMCID: PMC10008531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton have been found to alter mitochondrial function; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here, we explored how the integrity of the cytoskeleton affects the cellular organization, morphology and mobility of mitochondria in Xenopus laevis melanocytes. Cells were imaged in control condition and after different treatments that selectively affect specific cytoskeletal networks (microtubules, F-actin and vimentin filaments). We observed that mitochondria cellular distribution and local orientation rely mostly on microtubules, positioning these filaments as the main scaffolding of mitochondrial organization. We also found that cytoskeletal networks mold mitochondria shapes in distinct ways: while microtubules favor more elongated organelles, vimentin and actin filaments increase mitochondrial bending, suggesting the presence of mechanical interactions between these filaments and mitochondria. Finally, we identified that microtubule and F-actin networks play opposite roles in mitochondria shape fluctuations and mobility, with microtubules transmitting their jittering to the organelles and F-actin restricting the organelles motion. All our results support that cytoskeleton filaments interact mechanically with mitochondria and transmit forces to these organelles molding their movements and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Belén Fernández Casafuz
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo (IC), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Bruno
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo (IC), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Pero ME, Chowdhury F, Bartolini F. Role of tubulin post-translational modifications in peripheral neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114274. [PMID: 36379274 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder that results from nerve damage in the periphery. The degeneration of sensory axon terminals leads to changes or loss of sensory functions, often manifesting as debilitating pain, weakness, numbness, tingling, and disability. The pathogenesis of most peripheral neuropathies remains to be fully elucidated. Cumulative evidence from both early and recent studies indicates that tubulin damage may provide a common underlying mechanism of axonal injury in various peripheral neuropathies. In particular, tubulin post-translational modifications have been recently implicated in both toxic and inherited forms of peripheral neuropathy through regulation of axonal transport and mitochondria dynamics. This knowledge forms a new area of investigation with the potential for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay peripheral neuropathy by restoring tubulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Farihah Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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21
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Davis K, Basu H, Izquierdo-Villalba I, Shurberg E, Schwarz TL. Miro GTPase domains regulate the assembly of the mitochondrial motor-adaptor complex. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/1/e202201406. [PMID: 36302649 PMCID: PMC9615026 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transport relies on a motor-adaptor complex containing Miro1, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein with two GTPase domains, and TRAK1/2, kinesin-1, and dynein. Using a peroxisome-directed Miro1, we quantified the ability of GTPase mutations to influence the peroxisomal recruitment of complex components. Miro1 whose N-GTPase is locked in the GDP state does not recruit TRAK1/2, kinesin, or P135 to peroxisomes, whereas the GTP state does. Similarly, the expression of the MiroGAP VopE dislodges TRAK1 from mitochondria. Miro1 C-GTPase mutations have little influence on complex recruitment. Although Miro2 is thought to support mitochondrial motility, peroxisome-directed Miro2 did not recruit the other complex components regardless of the state of its GTPase domains. Neurons expressing peroxisomal Miro1 with the GTP-state form of the N-GTPase had markedly increased peroxisomal transport to growth cones, whereas the GDP-state caused their retention in the soma. Thus, the N-GTPase domain of Miro1 is critical for regulating Miro1's interaction with the other components of the motor-adaptor complex and thereby for regulating mitochondrial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Davis
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himanish Basu
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ismael Izquierdo-Villalba
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Shurberg
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA .,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Cushion TD, Leca I, Keays DA. MAPping tubulin mutations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1136699. [PMID: 36875768 PMCID: PMC9975266 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1136699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are filamentous structures that play a critical role in a diverse array of cellular functions including, mitosis, nuclear translocation, trafficking of organelles and cell shape. They are composed of α/β-tubulin heterodimers which are encoded by a large multigene family that has been implicated in an umbrella of disease states collectively known as the tubulinopathies. De novo mutations in different tubulin genes are known to cause lissencephaly, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, motor neuron disease, and female infertility. The diverse clinical features associated with these maladies have been attributed to the expression pattern of individual tubulin genes, as well as their distinct Functional repertoire. Recent studies, however, have highlighted the impact of tubulin mutations on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). MAPs can be classified according to their effect on microtubules and include polymer stabilizers (e.g., tau, MAP2, doublecortin), destabilizers (e.g., spastin, katanin), plus-end binding proteins (e.g., EB1-3, XMAP215, CLASPs) and motor proteins (e.g., dyneins, kinesins). In this review we analyse mutation-specific disease mechanisms that influence MAP binding and their phenotypic consequences, and discuss methods by which we can exploit genetic variation to identify novel MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Cushion
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Leca
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - David A Keays
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Sadhu A, Badal KK, Zhao Y, Ali AA, Swarnkar S, Tsaprailis G, Crynen GC, Puthanveettil SV. Short-Term and Long-Term Sensitization Differentially Alters the Composition of an Anterograde Transport Complex in Aplysia. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0266-22.2022. [PMID: 36549915 PMCID: PMC9829102 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0266-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory formation requires anterograde transport of proteins from the soma of a neuron to its distal synaptic terminals. This allows new synaptic connections to be grown and existing ones remodeled. However, we do not yet know which proteins are transported to synapses in response to activity and temporal regulation. Here, using quantitative mass spectrometry, we have profiled anterograde protein cargos of a learning-regulated molecular motor protein kinesin [Aplysia kinesin heavy chain 1 (ApKHC1)] following short-term sensitization (STS) and long-term sensitization (LTS) in Aplysia californica Our results reveal enrichment of specific proteins associated with ApKHC1 following both STS and LTS, as well as temporal changes within 1 and 3 h of LTS training. A significant number of proteins enriched in the ApKHC1 complex participate in synaptic function, and, while some are ubiquitously enriched across training conditions, a few are enriched in response to specific training. For instance, factors aiding new synapse formation, such as synaptotagmin-1, dynamin-1, and calmodulin, are differentially enriched in anterograde complexes 1 h after LTS but are depleted 3 h after LTS. Proteins including gelsolin-like protein 2 and sec23A/sec24A, which function in actin filament stabilization and vesicle transport, respectively, are enriched in cargos 3 h after LTS. These results establish that the composition of anterograde transport complexes undergo experience-dependent specific changes and illuminate dynamic changes in the communication between soma and synapse during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sadhu
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Kerriann K Badal
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
- Integrated Biology Graduate Program, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Adia A Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Supriya Swarnkar
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - George Tsaprailis
- Proteomics Core, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Gogce C Crynen
- Bioinformatics Core, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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24
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Egner JM, Nolden KA, Harwig MC, Bonate RP, De Anda J, Tessmer MH, Noey EL, Ihenacho UK, Liu Z, Peterson FC, Wong GCL, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Structural studies of human fission protein FIS1 reveal a dynamic region important for GTPase DRP1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102620. [PMID: 36272645 PMCID: PMC9747602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission protein 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) were initially described as being evolutionarily conserved for mitochondrial fission, yet in humans the role of FIS1 in this process is unclear and disputed by many. In budding yeast where Fis1p helps to recruit the DRP1 ortholog from the cytoplasm to mitochondria for fission, an N-terminal "arm" of Fis1p is required for function. The yeast Fis1p arm interacts intramolecularly with a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat core and governs in vitro interactions with yeast DRP1. In human FIS1, NMR and X-ray structures show different arm conformations, but its importance for human DRP1 recruitment is unknown. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and comparisons to experimental NMR chemical shifts to show the human FIS1 arm can adopt an intramolecular conformation akin to that observed with yeast Fis1p. This finding is further supported through intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and NMR experiments on human FIS1 with and without the arm. Using NMR, we observed the human FIS1 arm is also sensitive to environmental changes. We reveal the importance of these findings in cellular studies where removal of the FIS1 arm reduces DRP1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission similar to the yeast system. Moreover, we determined that expression of mitophagy adapter TBC1D15 can partially rescue arm-less FIS1 in a manner reminiscent of expression of the adapter Mdv1p in yeast. These findings point to conserved features of FIS1 important for its activity in mitochondrial morphology. More generally, other tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins are flanked by disordered arms/tails, suggesting possible common regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Egner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsey A Nolden
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan P Bonate
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jaime De Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maxx H Tessmer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Noey
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ugochukwu K Ihenacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael E Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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25
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Miryala CSJ, Holland ED, Dent EW. Contributions of microtubule dynamics and transport to presynaptic and postsynaptic functions. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103787. [PMID: 36252720 PMCID: PMC9838116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MT) are elongated, tubular, cytoskeletal structures formed from polymerization of tubulin dimers. They undergo continuous cycles of polymerization and depolymerization, primarily at their plus ends, termed dynamic instability. Although this is an intrinsic property of MTs, there are a myriad of MT-associated proteins that function in regulating MT dynamic instability and other dynamic processes that shape the MT array. Additionally, MTs assemble into long, semi-rigid structures which act as substrates for long-range, motor-driven transport of many different types of cargoes throughout the cell. Both MT dynamics and motor-based transport play important roles in the function of every known type of cell. Within the last fifteen years many groups have shown that MT dynamics and transport play ever-increasing roles in the neuronal function of mature neurons. Not only are neurons highly polarized cells, but they also connect with one another through synapses to form complex networks. Here we will focus on exciting studies that have illuminated how MTs function both pre-synaptically in axonal boutons and post-synaptically in dendritic spines. It is becoming clear that MT dynamics and transport both serve important functions in synaptic plasticity. Thus, it is not surprising that disruption of MTs, either through hyperstabilization or destabilization, has profound consequences for learning and memory. Together, the studies described here suggest that MT dynamics and transport play key roles in synaptic function and when disrupted result in compromised learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S. J. Miryala
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Elizabeth D. Holland
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Erik W. Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705,Corresponding Author: Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705,
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26
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Selvarasu K, Singh AK, Iyaswamy A, Gopalkrishnashetty Sreenivasmurthy S, Krishnamoorthi S, Bera AK, Huang JD, Durairajan SSK. Reduction of kinesin I heavy chain decreases tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathy models. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1050768. [PMID: 36387285 PMCID: PMC9641281 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, are characterized by tau pathology. Numerous motor proteins, many of which are involved in synaptic transmission, mediate transport in neurons. Dysfunction in motor protein-mediated neuronal transport mechanisms occurs in several neurodegenerative disorders but remains understudied in AD. Kinesins are the most important molecular motor proteins required for microtubule-dependent transport in neurons, and kinesin-1 is crucial for neuronal transport among all kinesins. Although kinesin-1 is required for normal neuronal functions, the dysfunction of these motor domains leading to neurodegenerative diseases is not fully understood. Here, we reported that the kinesin-I heavy chain (KIF5B), a key molecular motor protein, is involved in tau homeostasis in AD cells and animal models. We found that the levels of KIF5B in P301S tau mice are high. We also found that the knockdown and knockout (KO) of KIFf5B significantly decreased the tau stability, and overexpression of KIF5B in KIF5B-KO cells significantly increased the expression of phosphorylated and total tau levels. This suggested that KIF5B might prevent tau accumulation. By conducting experiments on P301S tau mice, we showed that partially reducing KIF5B levels can reduce hyperphosphorylation of the human tau protein, formation of insoluble aggregates, and memory impairment. Collectively, our results suggested that decreasing KIF5B levels is sufficient to prevent and/or slow down abnormal tau behavior of AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Selvarasu
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Centre for Trans-Disciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Amal Kanti Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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27
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KIF5C deficiency causes abnormal cortical neuronal migration, dendritic branching, and spine morphology in mice. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:995-1002. [PMID: 34966180 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malformation of cortical development (MCD) includes a variety of developmental disorders that are common causes of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. Most recently, clinical studies found that patients carrying KIF5C mutations present early-onset MCD; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS KIF5C expression level was examined in mouse primary cortical neurons and human ips-derived forebrain organoids. We studied the cortical neuronal migration, dendritic branching, and dendritic spine growth after knocking down the KIF5C gene by electroporation in vitro and in vivo. Then, we studied the transcriptome differences between the knockdown and control groups through RNA sequencing. RESULTS We observed high KIF5C expression in neurons during the early developmental stage in mice and the human brain. Kif5c deficiency results in disturbed cortical neuronal migration, dendritic, and spine growth. Finally, we found that Kif5c knockdown affected several genes associated with cortical neuronal development in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested a critical role for Kif5c in cortical development, providing insights into underlying pathogenic factors of kinesins in MCD. IMPACT KIF5C mutation-related MCD might be caused by abnormal early cortical neuronal development. Kif5c deficiency led to abnormal cortical neuronal dendritic and spine growth and neuronal migration. Our findings explain how Kif5c deficiency is involved in the aberrant development of cortical neurons and provide a new perspective for the pathology of MCD.
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28
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Wang S, Tanaka Y, Xu Y, Takeda S, Hirokawa N. KIF3B promotes a PI3K signaling gradient causing changes in a Shh protein gradient and suppressing polydactyly in mice. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2273-2289.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Dentoni G, Naia L, Portal B, Leal NS, Nilsson P, Lindskog M, Ankarcrona M. Mitochondrial Alterations in Neurons Derived from the Murine AppNL-F Knock-In Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:565-583. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research has relied on mouse models overexpressing human mutant A βPP; however, newer generation knock-in models allow for physiological expression of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) containing familial AD mutations where murine AβPP is edited with a humanized amyloid-β (Aβ) sequence. The AppNL-F mouse model has shown substantial similarities to AD brains developing late onset cognitive impairment. Objective: In this study, we aimed to characterize mature primary cortical neurons derived from homozygous AppNL-F embryos, especially to identify early mitochondrial alterations in this model. Methods: Primary cultures of AppNL-F neurons kept in culture for 12–15 days were used to measure Aβ levels, secretase activity, mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial-ER contacts, synaptic function, and cell death. Results: We detected higher levels of Aβ42 released from AppNL-F neurons as compared to wild-type neurons. AppNL-F neurons, also displayed an increased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, similar to adult AppNL-F mouse brain. Interestingly, we found an upregulation in mitochondrial oxygen consumption with concomitant downregulation in glycolytic reserve. Furthermore, AppNL-F neurons were more susceptible to cell death triggered by mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition. Juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria was found to be substantially upregulated, which may account for upregulated mitochondrial-derived ATP production. However, anterograde mitochondrial movement was severely impaired in this model along with loss in synaptic vesicle protein and impairment in pre- and post-synaptic function. Conclusion: We show that widespread mitochondrial alterations can be detected in AppNL-F neurons in vitro, where amyloid plaque deposition does not occur, suggesting soluble and oligomeric Aβ-species being responsible for these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Dentoni
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luana Naia
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Portal
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nuno Santos Leal
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Flex E, Albadri S, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Lauri A, Priolo M, Kissopoulos M, Carpentieri G, Fasano G, Venditti M, Magliocca V, Bellacchio E, Welch CL, Colombo PC, Kochav SM, Chang R, Barrick R, Trivisano M, Micalizzi A, Borghi R, Messina E, Mancini C, Pizzi S, De Santis F, Rosello M, Specchio N, Compagnucci C, McWalter K, Chung WK, Del Bene F, Tartaglia M. Dominantly acting KIF5B variants with pleiotropic cellular consequences cause variable clinical phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:473-488. [PMID: 36018820 PMCID: PMC9851748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are motor proteins involved in microtubule (MT)-mediated intracellular transport. They contribute to key cellular processes, including intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics and cell division. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-encoding genes underlie several human diseases characterized by an extremely variable clinical phenotype, ranging from isolated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders to syndromic phenotypes belonging to a family of conditions collectively termed as 'ciliopathies.' Among kinesins, kinesin-1 is the most abundant MT motor for transport of cargoes towards the plus end of MTs. Three kinesin-1 heavy chain isoforms exist in mammals. Different from KIF5A and KIF5C, which are specifically expressed in neurons and established to cause neurological diseases when mutated, KIF5B is an ubiquitous protein. Three de novo missense KIF5B variants were recently described in four subjects with a syndromic skeletal disorder characterized by kyphomelic dysplasia, hypotonia and DD/ID. Here, we report three dominantly acting KIF5B variants (p.Asn255del, p.Leu498Pro and p.Leu537Pro) resulting in a clinically wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from dilated cardiomyopathy with adult-onset ophthalmoplegia and progressive skeletal myopathy to a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe hypotonia with or without seizures. In vitro and in vivo analyses provide evidence that the identified disease-associated KIF5B variants disrupt lysosomal, autophagosome and mitochondrial organization, and impact cilium biogenesis. All variants, and one of the previously reported missense changes, were shown to affect multiple developmental processes in zebrafish. These findings document pleiotropic consequences of aberrant KIF5B function on development and cell homeostasis, and expand the phenotypic spectrum resulting from altered kinesin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
| | | | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marta Kissopoulos
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kochav
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Rebekah Barrick
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia De Santis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215 Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
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31
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De novo mutations in KIF1A-associated neuronal disorder (KAND) dominant-negatively inhibit motor activity and axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113795119. [PMID: 35917346 PMCID: PMC9371658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113795119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF1A is a kinesin superfamily motor protein that transports synaptic vesicle precursors in axons. Cargo binding stimulates the dimerization of KIF1A molecules to induce processive movement along microtubules. Mutations in human Kif1a lead to a group of neurodegenerative diseases called KIF1A-associated neuronal disorder (KAND). KAND mutations are mostly de novo and autosomal dominant; however, it is unknown if the function of wild-type KIF1A motors is inhibited by heterodimerization with mutated KIF1A. Here, we have established Caenorhabditis elegans models for KAND using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and analyzed the effects of human KIF1A mutation on axonal transport. In our C. elegans models, both heterozygotes and homozygotes exhibited reduced axonal transport. Suppressor screening using the disease model identified a mutation that recovers the motor activity of mutated human KIF1A. In addition, we developed in vitro assays to analyze the motility of heterodimeric motors composed of wild-type and mutant KIF1A. We find that mutant KIF1A significantly impaired the motility of heterodimeric motors. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the dominant nature of de novo KAND mutations.
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32
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Pant DC, Parameswaran J, Rao L, Loss I, Chilukuri G, Parlato R, Shi L, Glass JD, Bassell GJ, Koch P, Yilmaz R, Weishaupt JH, Gennerich A, Jiang J. ALS-linked KIF5A ΔExon27 mutant causes neuronal toxicity through gain-of-function. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54234. [PMID: 35735139 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) gene were recently identified as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several KIF5A ALS variants cause exon 27 skipping and are predicted to produce motor proteins with an altered C-terminal tail (referred to as ΔExon27). However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. Here, we confirm the expression of KIF5A mutant proteins in patient iPSC-derived motor neurons. We perform a comprehensive analysis of ΔExon27 at the single-molecule, cellular, and organism levels. Our results show that ΔExon27 is prone to form cytoplasmic aggregates and is neurotoxic. The mutation relieves motor autoinhibition and increases motor self-association, leading to drastically enhanced processivity on microtubules. Finally, ectopic expression of ΔExon27 in Drosophila melanogaster causes wing defects, motor impairment, paralysis, and premature death. Our results suggest gain-of-function as an underlying disease mechanism in KIF5A-associated ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh C Pant
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Loss
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rosanna Parlato
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philipp Koch
- Hector Institute of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüstem Yilmaz
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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33
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Pekkurnaz G, Wang X. Mitochondrial heterogeneity and homeostasis through the lens of a neuron. Nat Metab 2022; 4:802-812. [PMID: 35817853 PMCID: PMC11151822 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles with distinct morphological features and functional properties. The dynamic network of mitochondria undergoes structural and functional adaptations in response to cell-type-specific metabolic demands. Even within the same cell, mitochondria can display wide diversity and separate into functionally distinct subpopulations. Mitochondrial heterogeneity supports unique subcellular functions and is crucial to polarized cells, such as neurons. The spatiotemporal metabolic burden within the complex shape of a neuron requires precisely localized mitochondria. By travelling great lengths throughout neurons and experiencing bouts of immobility, mitochondria meet distant local fuel demands. Understanding mitochondrial heterogeneity and homeostasis mechanisms in neurons provides a framework to probe their significance to many other cell types. Here, we put forth an outline of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in regulating neuronal physiology and cellular functions more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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34
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Cheng XT, Huang N, Sheng ZH. Programming axonal mitochondrial maintenance and bioenergetics in neurodegeneration and regeneration. Neuron 2022; 110:1899-1923. [PMID: 35429433 PMCID: PMC9233091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate ATP essential for neuronal growth, function, and regeneration. Due to their polarized structures, neurons face exceptional challenges to deliver mitochondria to and maintain energy homeostasis throughout long axons and terminal branches where energy is in high demand. Chronic mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by bioenergetic failure is a pathological hallmark of major neurodegenerative diseases. Brain injury triggers acute mitochondrial damage and a local energy crisis that accelerates neuron death. Thus, mitochondrial maintenance defects and axonal energy deficits emerge as central problems in neurodegenerative disorders and brain injury. Recent studies have started to uncover the intrinsic mechanisms that neurons adopt to maintain (or reprogram) axonal mitochondrial density and integrity, and their bioenergetic capacity, upon sensing energy stress. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how neurons maintain a healthy pool of axonal mitochondria, as well as potential therapeutic strategies that target bioenergetic restoration to power neuronal survival, function, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Tang Cheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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35
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Yao M, Qu H, Han Y, Cheng CY, Xiao X. Kinesins in Mammalian Spermatogenesis and Germ Cell Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837542. [PMID: 35547823 PMCID: PMC9083010 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian testes, the apical cytoplasm of each Sertoli cell holds up to several dozens of germ cells, especially spermatids that are transported up and down the seminiferous epithelium. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) established by neighboring Sertoli cells in the basal compartment restructures on a regular basis to allow preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes to pass through. The timely transfer of germ cells and other cellular organelles such as residual bodies, phagosomes, and lysosomes across the epithelium to facilitate spermatogenesis is important and requires the microtubule-based cytoskeleton in Sertoli cells. Kinesins, a superfamily of the microtubule-dependent motor proteins, are abundantly and preferentially expressed in the testis, but their functions are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent findings on kinesins in mammalian spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential role in germ cell traversing through the BTB and the remodeling of Sertoli cell-spermatid junctions to advance spermatid transport. The possibility of kinesins acting as a mediator and/or synchronizer for cell cycle progression, germ cell transit, and junctional rearrangement and turnover is also discussed. We mostly cover findings in rodents, but we also make special remarks regarding humans. We anticipate that this information will provide a framework for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Yao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Qu
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Han
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Omelchenko T. Cellular protrusions in 3D: Orchestrating early mouse embryogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:63-74. [PMID: 35577698 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular protrusions generated by the actin cytoskeleton are central to the process of building the body of the embryo. Problems with cellular protrusions underlie human diseases and syndromes, including implantation defects and pregnancy loss, congenital birth defects, and cancer. Cells use protrusive activity together with actin-myosin contractility to create an ordered body shape of the embryo. Here, I review how actin-rich protrusions are used by two major morphological cell types, epithelial and mesenchymal cells, during collective cell migration to sculpt the mouse embryo body. Pre-gastrulation epithelial collective migration of the anterior visceral endoderm is essential for establishing the anterior-posterior body axis. Gastrulation mesenchymal collective migration of the mesoderm wings is crucial for body elongation, and somite and heart formation. Analysis of mouse mutants with disrupted cellular protrusions revealed the key role of protrusions in embryonic morphogenesis and embryo survival. Recent technical approaches have allowed examination of the mechanisms that control cell and tissue movements in vivo in the complex 3D microenvironment of living mouse embryos. Advancing our understanding of protrusion-driven morphogenesis should provide novel insights into human developmental disorders and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Omelchenko
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA.
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37
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Migrasomes: From Biogenesis, Release, Uptake, Rupture to Homeostasis and Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4525778. [PMID: 35464764 PMCID: PMC9023195 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4525778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Migrasomes are migration-dependent membrane-bound vesicular structures that contain cellular contents and small vesicles. Migrasomes grow on the tips or intersections of the retraction fibers after cells migrate away. The process of releasing migrasomes into the extracellular space is named as “migracytosis”. After releasing, they can be taken up by the surrounding cells, or rupture and further release their contents into the extracellular environment. Physiologically, migrasomes provide regional cues for organ morphogenesis during zebrafish gastrulation and discard the damaged mitochondria in response to mild mitochondrial stresses. Pathologically, migrasomes are released from podocyte during early podocyte stress and/or damage, from platelets after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from microglia/macrophages of the ischemic brain, and from tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-activated endothelial cells (ECs); thus, this newly discovered extracellular vesicle is involved in all these pathological processes. Moreover, migrasomes can modulate the proliferation of cancer cell via lateral transferring mRNA and protein. In this review, we will summarize the biogenesis, release, uptake, and rupture of migrasomes and discuss its biological roles in development, redox signalling, innate immunity and COVID-19, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, renal diseases, and cancer biology, all of these highlight the importance of migrasomes in modulating body homeostasis and diseases.
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38
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Walker BR, Moraes CT. Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030427. [PMID: 35327619 PMCID: PMC8946195 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cell’s major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. To respond to changes in cell physiology, the mitochondria must send signals to the nucleus, which can, in turn, upregulate gene expression to alter metabolism or initiate a stress response. This is known as retrograde signaling. A variety of stimuli and pathways fall under the retrograde signaling umbrella. Mitochondrial dysfunction has already been shown to have severe implications for human health. Disruption of retrograde signaling, whether directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction or cellular environmental changes, may also contribute to pathological deficits. In this review, we discuss known signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus, examine the possibility of direct contacts, and identify pathological consequences of an altered relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni R. Walker
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Carlos T. Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-5858
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39
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Morikawa M, Jerath NU, Ogawa T, Morikawa M, Tanaka Y, Shy ME, Zuchner S, Hirokawa N. A neuropathy-associated kinesin KIF1A mutation hyper-stabilizes the motor-neck interaction during the ATPase cycle. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108899. [PMID: 35132656 PMCID: PMC8886545 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanochemical coupling of ATPase hydrolysis and conformational dynamics in kinesin motors facilitates intramolecular interaction cycles between the kinesin motor and neck domains, which are essential for microtubule-based motility. Here, we characterized a charge-inverting KIF1A-E239K mutant that we identified in a family with axonal-type Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and also in 24 cases in human neuropathies including spastic paraplegia and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. We show that Glu239 in the β7 strand is a key residue of the motor domain that regulates the motor-neck interaction. Expression of the KIF1A-E239K mutation has decreased ability to complement Kif1a+/- neurons, and significantly decreases ATPase activity and microtubule gliding velocity. X-ray crystallography shows that this mutation causes an excess positive charge on β7, which may electrostatically interact with a negative charge on the neck. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis supports that the mutation hyper-stabilizes the motor-neck interaction at the late ATP hydrolysis stage. Thus, the negative charge of Glu239 dynamically regulates the kinesin motor-neck interaction, promoting release of the neck from the motor domain upon ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatsu Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Nivedita U Jerath
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA,Neuromuscular DivisionAdventHealth OrlandoWinter ParkFLUSA
| | - Tadayuki Ogawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,Research Center for Advanced Medical ScienceDokkyo Medical UniversityMibuJapan
| | - Momo Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human GenomicsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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40
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βIII-Tubulin Structural Domains Regulate Mitochondrial Network Architecture in an Isotype-Specific Manner. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050776. [PMID: 35269398 PMCID: PMC8909761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
βIII-tubulin is a neuronal microtubule protein that is aberrantly expressed in epithelial cancers. The microtubule network is implicated in regulating the architecture and dynamics of the mitochondrial network, although the isotype-specific role for β-tubulin proteins that constitute this microtubule network remains unclear. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed that manipulation of βIII-tubulin expression levels impacts the volume and shape of mitochondria. Analysis of the structural domains of the protein identifies that the C-terminal tail of βIII-tubulin, which distinguishes this protein from other β-tubulin isotypes, significantly contributes to the isotype-specific effects of βIII-tubulin on mitochondrial architecture. Mass spectrometry analysis of protein–protein interactions with β-tubulin isotypes identifies that βIII-tubulin specifically interacts with regulators of mitochondrial dynamics that may mediate these functional effects. Advanced quantitative dynamic lattice light sheet imaging of the mitochondrial network reveals that βIII-tubulin promotes a more dynamic and extended reticular mitochondrial network, and regulates mitochondrial volume. A regulatory role for the βIII-tubulin C-terminal tail in mitochondrial network dynamics and architecture has widespread implications for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in health and disease.
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41
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Air Plasma-Activated Medium Evokes a Death-Associated Perinuclear Mitochondrial Clustering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031124. [PMID: 35163042 PMCID: PMC8835529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable cancers such as osteosarcoma (OS) and oral cancer (OC) are highly refractory, recurrent, and metastatic once developed, and their prognosis is still disappointing. Tumor-targeted therapy, which eliminates cancers effectively and safely, is the current clinical choice. Since aggressive tumors are substantially resistant to multidisciplinary therapies that target apoptosis, tumor-specific activation of another cell death modality is a promising avenue for meeting this goal. Here, we report that a cold atmospheric air plasma-activated medium (APAM) can kill OS and OC by causing a unique mitochondrial clustering. This event was named monopolar perinuclear mitochondrial clustering (MPMC) based on its characteristic unipolar mitochondrial perinuclear accumulation. The APAM caused apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death. The APAM increased mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and cell death, and the antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented them. MPMC occurred following mitochondrial fragmentation, which coincided with nuclear damages. MPMC was accompanied by mitochondrial lipid peroxide (mLPO) accumulation and prevented by NAC, Ferrostatin-1, and Nocodazole. In contrast, the APAM induced minimal cell death, mROS generation, mLPO accumulation, and MPMC in fibroblasts. These results suggest that MPMC occurs in a tumor-specific manner via mitochondrial oxidative stress and microtubule-driven mitochondrial motility. MPMC induction might serve as a promising target for exerting tumor-specific cytotoxicity.
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Puttrich V, Rohlena J, Braun M, Lansky Z. In Vitro Reconstitution of Molecular Motor-Driven Mitochondrial Transport. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2431:533-546. [PMID: 35412296 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of organelles driven by molecular motors underlies essential cellular processes. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, are one of the major cargoes of molecular motors. Efficient distribution of mitochondria ensures cellular fitness while defects in this process contribute to severe pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Reconstitution of the mitochondrial microtubule-based transport in vitro in a bottom-up approach provides a powerful tool to investigate the mitochondrial trafficking machinery in a controlled environment in the absence of complex intracellular interactions. In this chapter, we describe the procedures for achieving such reconstitution of mitochondrial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Puttrich
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Braun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Lansky
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic.
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43
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Morris SL, Brady ST. Tau phosphorylation and PAD exposure in regulation of axonal growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1023418. [PMID: 36742197 PMCID: PMC9893789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1023418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tau is a microtubule associated phosphoprotein found principally in neurons. Prevailing dogma continues to define microtubule stabilization as the major function of tau in vivo, despite several lines of evidence suggesting this is not the case. Most importantly, tau null mice have deficits in axonal outgrowth and neuronal migration while still possessing an extensive microtubule network. Instead, mounting evidence suggests that tau may have a major function in the regulation of fast axonal transport (FAT) through activation of neuronal signaling pathways. Previous studies identified a phosphatase activating domain (PAD) at the tau N-terminal that is normally sequestered, but is constitutively exposed in tauopathies. When exposed, the PAD activates a signaling cascade involving PP1 and GSK3β which affects cellular functions including release of cargo from kinesin. Furthermore, we discovered that PAD exposure can be regulated by a single phosphorylation at T205. Exposure of the PAD is an early event in multiple tauopathies and a major contributing factor to neurodegeneration associated with tau hyperphosphorylation. However, effects of tau PAD exposure on anterograde FAT raised the interesting possibility that this pathway may be a mechanism for physiological regulation of cargo delivery through site-specific phosphorylation of tau and transient activation of PP1 and GSK3β. Significantly, there is already evidence of local control of PP1 and GSK3β at sites which require cargo delivery. Methods: To investigate this hypothesis, first we evaluated cellular localization of tau PAD exposure, pT205 tau phosphorylation, and active GSK3β in primary hippocampal neurons during development. Second, we analyzed the axonal outgrowth of tau knockout neurons following transfection with full length hTau40-WT, hTau40-ΔPAD, or hTau40-T205A. Results and Discussion: The results presented here suggest that transient activation of a PP1-GSK3β signaling pathway through locally regulated PAD exposure is a mechanism for cargo delivery, and thereby important for neurite outgrowth of developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - S T Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Fang Z, Fallet M, Moest T, Gorvel JP, Méresse S. The Salmonella effector SifA initiates a kinesin-1 and kinesin-3 recruitment process mirroring that mediated by Arl8a/b. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273658. [PMID: 34878110 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When intracellular, pathogenic Salmonella reside in a membrane compartment composed of interconnected vacuoles and tubules, the formation of which depends on the translocation of bacterial effectors into the host cell. Cytoskeletons and their molecular motors are prime targets for these effectors. In this study, we show that the microtubule molecular motor KIF1Bß, a member of the kinesin-3 family, is a key element for the establishment of the Salmonella replication niche as its absence is detrimental to the stability of bacterial vacuoles and the formation of associated tubules. Kinesin-3 interacts with the Salmonella effector SifA but also with SKIP, a host protein complexed to SifA. The interaction with SifA is essential for the recruitment of kinesin-3 on Salmonella vacuoles while that with SKIP is incidental. In the non-infectious context, however, the interaction with SKIP is essential for the recruitment and activity of kinesin-3 on a part of lysosomes. Finally, our results show that in infected cells, the presence of SifA establishes a kinesin-1 and kinesin-3 recruitment pathway that is analogous to and functions independently of that mediated by the Arl8a/b GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Fang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Fallet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Tomas Moest
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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45
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Fan R, Lai KO. Understanding how kinesin motor proteins regulate postsynaptic function in neuron. FEBS J 2021; 289:2128-2144. [PMID: 34796656 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are major molecular motors that transport diverse set of cargoes along microtubules to both the axon and dendrite of a neuron. Much of our knowledge about kinesin function is obtained from studies on axonal transport. Emerging evidence reveals how specific kinesin motor proteins carry cargoes to dendrites, including proteins, mRNAs and organelles that are crucial for synapse development and plasticity. In this review, we will summarize the major kinesin motors and their associated cargoes that have been characterized to regulate postsynaptic function in neuron. We will also discuss how specific kinesins are selectively involved in the development of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic compartments, their regulation by post-translational modifications (PTM), as well as their roles beyond conventional transport carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Fan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Energy matters: presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 23:4-22. [PMID: 34782781 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ATP drives action potentials, supports synapse assembly and remodelling, and fuels synaptic vesicle filling and recycling, thus sustaining synaptic transmission. Given their polarized morphological features - including long axons and extensive branching in their terminal regions - neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining presynaptic energy homeostasis, particularly during intensive synaptic activity. Recent studies have started to uncover the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in activity-dependent and energy-sensitive regulation of presynaptic energetics, or 'synaptoenergetics'. These conceptual advances have established the energetic regulation of synaptic efficacy and plasticity as an exciting research field that is relevant to a range of neurological disorders associated with bioenergetic failure and synaptic dysfunction.
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Guardia CM, Jain A, Mattera R, Friefeld A, Li Y, Bonifacino JS. RUSC2 and WDR47 oppositely regulate kinesin-1-dependent distribution of ATG9A to the cell periphery. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar25. [PMID: 34432492 PMCID: PMC8693955 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-06-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) is a transmembrane protein component of the autophagy machinery that cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in the perinuclear area and other compartments in the peripheral area of the cell. In mammalian cells, export of the ATG9A isoform from the TGN into ATG9A-containing vesicles is mediated by the adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) complex. However, the mechanisms responsible for the subsequent distribution of these vesicles to the cell periphery are unclear. Herein we show that the AP-4-accessory protein RUSC2 couples ATG9A-containing vesicles to the plus-end-directed microtubule motor kinesin-1 via an interaction between a disordered region of RUSC2 and the kinesin-1 light chain. This interaction is counteracted by the microtubule-associated protein WDR47. These findings uncover a mechanism for the peripheral distribution of ATG9A-containing vesicles involving the function of RUSC2 as a kinesin-1 adaptor and WDR47 as a negative regulator of this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Guardia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Akansha Jain
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Rafael Mattera
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Alex Friefeld
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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48
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Liang MZ, Ke TL, Chen L. Mitochondrial Protein PGAM5 Emerges as a New Regulator in Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:730604. [PMID: 34630036 PMCID: PMC8496500 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.730604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As mitochondrial dysfunction has increasingly been implicated in neurological diseases, much of the investigation focuses on the response of the mitochondria. It appears that mitochondria can respond to external stimuli speedy fast, in seconds. Understanding how mitochondria sense the signal and communicate with cytosolic pathways are keys to understand mitochondrial regulation in diseases or in response to trauma. It was not until recently that a novel mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) has emerged to be a new regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis. Although controversial results reveal beneficial as well as detrimental roles of PGAM5 in cancers, these findings also suggest PGAM5 may have diverse regulation on cellular physiology. Roles of PGAM5 in neuronal tissues remain to be uncovered. This review discusses current knowledge of PGAM5 in neurological diseases and provides future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ling Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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49
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Ravi B, Kanwar P, Sanyal SK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. VDACs: An Outlook on Biochemical Regulation and Function in Animal and Plant Systems. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683920. [PMID: 34421635 PMCID: PMC8375762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are the most abundant proteins present on the outer mitochondrial membrane. They serve a myriad of functions ranging from energy and metabolite exchange to highly debatable roles in apoptosis. Their role in molecular transport puts them on the center stage as communicators between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial signaling events. Beyond their general role as interchangeable pores, members of this family may exhibit specific functions. Even after nearly five decades of their discovery, their role in plant systems is still a new and rapidly emerging field. The information on biochemical regulation of VDACs is limited. Various interacting proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs) modulate VDAC functions, amongst these, phosphorylation is quite noticeable. In this review, we have tried to give a glimpse of the recent advancements in the biochemical/interactional regulation of plant VDACs. We also cover a critical analysis on the importance of PTMs in the functional regulation of VDACs. Besides, the review also encompasses numerous studies which can identify VDACs as a connecting link between Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling in special reference to the plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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50
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Basu H, Pekkurnaz G, Falk J, Wei W, Chin M, Steen J, Schwarz TL. FHL2 anchors mitochondria to actin and adapts mitochondrial dynamics to glucose supply. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212527. [PMID: 34342639 PMCID: PMC8340551 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial movement and distribution are fundamental to their function. Here we report a mechanism that regulates mitochondrial movement by anchoring mitochondria to the F-actin cytoskeleton. This mechanism is activated by an increase in glucose influx and the consequent O-GlcNAcylation of TRAK (Milton), a component of the mitochondrial motor-adaptor complex. The protein four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) serves as the anchor. FHL2 associates with O-GlcNAcylated TRAK and is both necessary and sufficient to drive the accumulation of F-actin around mitochondria and to arrest mitochondrial movement by anchoring to F-actin. Disruption of F-actin restores mitochondrial movement that had been arrested by either TRAK O-GlcNAcylation or forced direction of FHL2 to mitochondria. This pathway for mitochondrial immobilization is present in both neurons and non-neuronal cells and can thereby adapt mitochondrial dynamics to changes in glucose availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanish Basu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jill Falk
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Wei
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Morven Chin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Judith Steen
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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