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Lavillaureix A, Rollier P, Kim A, Panasenkava V, De Tayrac M, Carré W, Guyodo H, Faoucher M, Poirel E, Akloul L, Quélin C, Whalen S, Bos J, Broekema M, van Hagen JM, Grand K, Allen-Sharpley M, Magness E, McLean SD, Kayserili H, Altunoglu U, En Qi Chong A, Xue S, Jeanne M, Almontashiri N, Habhab W, Vanlerberghe C, Faivre L, Viora-Dupont E, Philippe C, Safraou H, Laffargue F, Mittendorf L, Abou Jamra R, Patil SJ, Dalal A, Sarma AS, Keren B, Reversade B, Dubourg C, Odent S, Dupé V. DISP1 deficiency: Monoallelic and biallelic variants cause a spectrum of midline craniofacial malformations. Genet Med 2024; 26:101126. [PMID: 38529886 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DISP1 encodes a transmembrane protein that regulates the secretion of the morphogen, Sonic hedgehog, a deficiency of which is a major cause of holoprosencephaly (HPE). This disorder covers a spectrum of brain and midline craniofacial malformations. The objective of the present study was to better delineate the clinical phenotypes associated with division transporter dispatched-1 (DISP1) variants. METHODS This study was based on the identification of at least 1 pathogenic variant of the DISP1 gene in individuals for whom detailed clinical data were available. RESULTS A total of 23 DISP1 variants were identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states in 25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects. Most cases were minor forms of HPE, with craniofacial features such as orofacial cleft, solitary median maxillary central incisor, and congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. These individuals had either monoallelic loss-of-function variants or biallelic missense variants in DISP1. In individuals with severe HPE, the DISP1 variants were commonly found associated with a variant in another HPE-linked gene (ie, oligogenic inheritance). CONCLUSION The genetic findings we have acquired demonstrate a significant involvement of DISP1 variants in the phenotypic spectrum of midline defects. This underlines its importance as a crucial element in the efficient secretion of Sonic hedgehog. We also demonstrated that the very rare solitary median maxillary central incisor and congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis combination is part of the DISP1-related phenotype. The present study highlights the clinical risks to be flagged up during genetic counseling after the discovery of a pathogenic DISP1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinoë Lavillaureix
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Paul Rollier
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Artem Kim
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Veranika Panasenkava
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marie De Tayrac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Guyodo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Faoucher
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Poirel
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Linda Akloul
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares des Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Bos
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjoleine Broekema
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Emily Magness
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott D McLean
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics, Christus Children's, San Antonio, TX
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angie En Qi Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- Service de Génétique, FHU GenOMedS, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Naif Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wisam Habhab
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Eléonore Viora-Dupont
- Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hana Safraou
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Laffargue
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Service de Génétique Clinique, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Luisa Mittendorf
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Asodu Sandeep Sarma
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique Médicale, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A∗STAR, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Disease, Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics Smart-Health Initiative, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France.
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Yu H, Zhao J, Shen Y, Qiao L, Liu Y, Xie G, Chang S, Ge T, Li N, Chen M, Li H, Zhang J, Wang X. The dynamic landscape of enhancer-derived RNA during mouse early embryo development. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114077. [PMID: 38592974 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancer-derived RNAs (eRNAs) play critical roles in diverse biological processes by facilitating their target gene expression. However, the abundance and function of eRNAs in early embryos are not clear. Here, we present a comprehensive eRNA atlas by systematically integrating publicly available datasets of mouse early embryos. We characterize the transcriptional and regulatory network of eRNAs and show that different embryo developmental stages have distinct eRNA expression and regulatory profiles. Paternal eRNAs are activated asymmetrically during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Moreover, we identify an eRNA, MZGAe1, which plays an important function in regulating mouse ZGA and early embryo development. MZGAe1 knockdown leads to a developmental block from 2-cell embryo to blastocyst. We create an online data portal, M2ED2, to query and visualize eRNA expression and regulation. Our study thus provides a systematic landscape of eRNA and reveals the important role of eRNAs in regulating mouse early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Westlake Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuxuan Shen
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- Westlake Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- HPC Center, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guanglei Xie
- Westlake Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shuhui Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tingying Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Nan Li
- HPC Center, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Westlake Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Ehlers SF, Manikowski D, Steffes G, Ehring K, Gude F, Grobe K. A Residual N-Terminal Peptide Enhances Signaling of Depalmitoylated Hedgehog to the Patched Receptor. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38651456 PMCID: PMC11036296 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During their biosynthesis, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) morphogens are covalently modified by cholesterol at the C-terminus and palmitate at the N-terminus. Although both lipids initially anchor Shh to the plasma membrane of producing cells, it later translocates to the extracellular compartment to direct developmental fates in cells expressing the Patched (Ptch) receptor. Possible release mechanisms for dually lipidated Hh/Shh into the extracellular compartment are currently under intense debate. In this paper, we describe the serum-dependent conversion of the dually lipidated cellular precursor into a soluble cholesteroylated variant (ShhC) during its release. Although ShhC is formed in a Dispatched- and Scube2-dependent manner, suggesting the physiological relevance of the protein, the depalmitoylation of ShhC during release is inconsistent with the previously postulated function of N-palmitate in Ptch receptor binding and signaling. Therefore, we analyzed the potency of ShhC to induce Ptch-controlled target cell transcription and differentiation in Hh-sensitive reporter cells and in the Drosophila eye. In both experimental systems, we found that ShhC was highly bioactive despite the absence of the N-palmitate. We also found that the artificial removal of N-terminal peptides longer than eight amino acids inactivated the depalmitoylated soluble proteins in vitro and in the developing Drosophila eye. These results demonstrate that N-depalmitoylated ShhC requires an N-peptide of a defined minimum length for its signaling function to Ptch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia F. Ehlers
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.E.); (D.M.); (K.E.); (F.G.)
| | - Dominique Manikowski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.E.); (D.M.); (K.E.); (F.G.)
| | - Georg Steffes
- Institute for Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Münster, Röntgenstrasse 16, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Kristina Ehring
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.E.); (D.M.); (K.E.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabian Gude
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.E.); (D.M.); (K.E.); (F.G.)
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.E.); (D.M.); (K.E.); (F.G.)
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Barton LJ, Roa-de la Cruz L, Lehmann R, Lin B. The journey of a generation: advances and promises in the study of primordial germ cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201102. [PMID: 38607588 PMCID: PMC11165723 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The germline provides the genetic and non-genetic information that passes from one generation to the next. Given this important role in species propagation, egg and sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), are one of the first cell types specified during embryogenesis. In fact, PGCs form well before the bipotential somatic gonad is specified. This common feature of germline development necessitates that PGCs migrate through many tissues to reach the somatic gonad. During their journey, PGCs must respond to select environmental cues while ignoring others in a dynamically developing embryo. The complex multi-tissue, combinatorial nature of PGC migration is an excellent model for understanding how cells navigate complex environments in vivo. Here, we discuss recent findings on the migratory path, the somatic cells that shepherd PGCs, the guidance cues somatic cells provide, and the PGC response to these cues to reach the gonad and establish the germline pool for future generations. We end by discussing the fate of wayward PGCs that fail to reach the gonad in diverse species. Collectively, this field is poised to yield important insights into emerging reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy J. Barton
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Lorena Roa-de la Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Jiménez-Jiménez C, Grobe K, Guerrero I. Hedgehog on the Move: Glypican-Regulated Transport and Gradient Formation in Drosophila. Cells 2024; 13:418. [PMID: 38474382 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glypicans (Glps) are a family of heparan sulphate proteoglycans that are attached to the outer plasma membrane leaflet of the producing cell by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Glps are involved in the regulation of many signalling pathways, including those that regulate the activities of Wnts, Hedgehog (Hh), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), among others. In the Hh-signalling pathway, Glps have been shown to be essential for ligand transport and the formation of Hh gradients over long distances, for the maintenance of Hh levels in the extracellular matrix, and for unimpaired ligand reception in distant recipient cells. Recently, two mechanistic models have been proposed to explain how Hh can form the signalling gradient and how Glps may contribute to it. In this review, we describe the structure, biochemistry, and metabolism of Glps and their interactions with different components of the Hh-signalling pathway that are important for the release, transport, and reception of Hh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Jiménez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Isabel Guerrero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Hall ET, Dillard ME, Cleverdon ER, Zhang Y, Daly CA, Ansari SS, Wakefield R, Stewart DP, Pruett-Miller SM, Lavado A, Carisey AF, Johnson A, Wang YD, Selner E, Tanes M, Ryu YS, Robinson CG, Steinberg J, Ogden SK. Cytoneme signaling provides essential contributions to mammalian tissue patterning. Cell 2024; 187:276-293.e23. [PMID: 38171360 PMCID: PMC10842732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
During development, morphogens pattern tissues by instructing cell fate across long distances. Directly visualizing morphogen transport in situ has been inaccessible, so the molecular mechanisms ensuring successful morphogen delivery remain unclear. To tackle this longstanding problem, we developed a mouse model for compromised sonic hedgehog (SHH) morphogen delivery and discovered that endocytic recycling promotes SHH loading into signaling filopodia called cytonemes. We optimized methods to preserve in vivo cytonemes for advanced microscopy and show endogenous SHH localized to cytonemes in developing mouse neural tubes. Depletion of SHH from neural tube cytonemes alters neuronal cell fates and compromises neurodevelopment. Mutation of the filopodial motor myosin 10 (MYO10) reduces cytoneme length and density, which corrupts neuronal signaling activity of both SHH and WNT. Combined, these results demonstrate that cytoneme-based signal transport provides essential contributions to morphogen dispersion during mammalian tissue development and suggest MYO10 is a key regulator of cytoneme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christina A Daly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shariq S Ansari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Randall Wakefield
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel P Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alfonso Lavado
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alex F Carisey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Emma Selner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Tanes
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Young Sang Ryu
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Tippetts TS, Sieber MH, Solmonson A. Beyond energy and growth: the role of metabolism in developmental signaling, cell behavior and diapause. Development 2023; 150:dev201610. [PMID: 37883062 PMCID: PMC10652041 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is crucial for development through supporting cell growth, energy production, establishing cell identity, developmental signaling and pattern formation. In many model systems, development occurs alongside metabolic transitions as cells differentiate and specialize in metabolism that supports new functions. Some cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to circumvent mutations or aberrant signaling, whereas other cell types require specific nutrients for developmental progress. Metabolic gradients and protein modifications enable pattern formation and cell communication. On an organism level, inadequate nutrients or stress can limit germ cell maturation, implantation and maturity through diapause, which slows metabolic activities until embryonic activation under improved environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S. Tippetts
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matthew H. Sieber
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Laboratory of Developmental Metabolism and Placental Biology, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zhang Y, Beachy PA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of Hedgehog signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:668-687. [PMID: 36932157 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog signalling pathway has crucial roles in embryonic tissue patterning, postembryonic tissue regeneration, and cancer, yet aspects of Hedgehog signal transmission and reception have until recently remained unclear. Biochemical and structural studies surprisingly reveal a central role for lipids in Hedgehog signalling. The signal - Hedgehog protein - is modified by cholesterol and palmitate during its biogenesis, thereby necessitating specialized proteins such as the transporter Dispatched and several lipid-binding carriers for cellular export and receptor engagement. Additional lipid transactions mediate response to the Hedgehog signal, including sterol activation of the transducer Smoothened. Access of sterols to Smoothened is regulated by the apparent sterol transporter and Hedgehog receptor Patched, whose activity is blocked by Hedgehog binding. Alongside these lipid-centric mechanisms and their relevance to pharmacological pathway modulation, we discuss emerging roles of Hedgehog pathway activity in stem cells or their cellular niches, with translational implications for regeneration and restoration of injured or diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Xu J, Iyyanar PPR, Lan Y, Jiang R. Sonic hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development. Differentiation 2023; 133:60-76. [PMID: 37481904 PMCID: PMC10529669 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SHH and several other genes encoding components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway have been associated with holoprosencephaly syndromes, with craniofacial anomalies ranging in severity from cyclopia to facial cleft to midfacial and mandibular hypoplasia. Studies in animal models have revealed that SHH signaling plays crucial roles at multiple stages of craniofacial morphogenesis, from cranial neural crest cell survival to growth and patterning of the facial primordia to organogenesis of the palate, mandible, tongue, tooth, and taste bud formation and homeostasis. This article provides a summary of the major findings in studies of the roles of SHH signaling in craniofacial development, with emphasis on recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the SHH signaling pathway activity and those involving SHH signaling in the formation and patterning of craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Paul P R Iyyanar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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10
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Caiaffa CD, Ambekar YS, Singh M, Lin YL, Wlodarczyk B, Aglyamov SR, Scarcelli G, Larin KV, Finnell R. Disruption of Fuz in mouse embryos generates hypoplastic hindbrain development and reduced cranial nerve ganglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552068. [PMID: 37577618 PMCID: PMC10418252 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the brain and spinal cord is initiated in the earliest stages of mammalian pregnancy in a highly organized process known as neurulation. Convergent and extension movements transforms a flat sheet of ectodermal cells into a narrow and elongated line of neuroepithelia, while a major source of Sonic Hedgehog signaling from the notochord induces the overlying neuroepithelial cells to form two apposed neural folds. Afterward, neural tube closure occurs by synchronized coordination of the surface ectoderm and adjacent neuroepithelial walls at specific axial regions known as neuropores. Environmental or genetic interferences can impair neurulation resulting in neural tube defects. The Fuz gene encodes a subunit of the CPLANE complex, which is a macromolecular planar polarity effector required for ciliogenesis. Ablation of Fuz in mouse embryos results in exencephaly and spina bifida, including dysmorphic craniofacial structures due to defective cilia formation and impaired Sonic Hedgehog signaling. In this work, we demonstrate that knocking Fuz out during embryonic mouse development results in a hypoplastic hindbrain phenotype, displaying abnormal rhombomeres with reduced length and width. This phenotype is associated with persistent loss of ventral neuroepithelial stiffness, in a notochord adjacent area at the level of the rhombomere 5, preceding the development of exencephaly in Fuz ablated mutants. The formation of cranial and paravertebral ganglia is also impaired in these embryos, indicating that Fuz has a critical function sustaining normal neural tube development and neuronal differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a common cause of disability in children, representing the second most common congenital structural malformation in humans following only congenital cardiovascular malformations. NTDs affect approximately 1 to 2 pregnancies per 1000 births every year worldwide, when the mechanical forces folding the neural plate fails to close at specific neuropores located anteriorly (cranial) or posteriorly (caudal) along the neural tube, in a process known as neurulation, which happens throughout the third and fourth weeks of human pregnancy.
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11
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Heimke M, Richter F, Heinze T, Kunke M, Wedel T, Böttner M, Egberts JH, Lucius R, Cossais F. Localization Pattern of Dispatched Homolog 2 (DISP2) in the Central and Enteric Nervous System. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:539-548. [PMID: 37369878 PMCID: PMC10517031 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Dispatched homolog (DISP) proteins have been implicated in the regulation of hedgehog signaling during embryologic development. Although DISP2 has recently been associated with neuronal development and control of cognitive functions, its localization pattern in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system has not yet been investigated. In this study, the Disp2 expression profile was assessed in human tissues from publicly available transcriptomic datasets. The DISP2 localization pattern was further characterized in the human and rat central nervous system (CNS), as well as within the colonic enteric nervous system (ENS) using dual-label immunohistochemistry. Colocalization of DISP2 with neuronal and glial markers was additionally analyzed in murine primary ENS culture. At transcriptomic level, DISP2 expression was predominant in neuronal cell types of the CNS and ENS. DISP2 immunoreactivity was mainly located within PGP9.5-positive neurons rather than in S100-positive glial cells throughout the nervous system. Investigation of human and rat brain tissues, colonic specimens, and murine ENS primary cultures revealed that DISP2 was located in neuronal cell somata, as well as along neuronal processes both in the human and murine CNS and ENS. Our results indicate that DISP2 is prominently localized within neuronal cells of the CNS and ENS and support putative functions of DISP2 in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Heimke
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Richter
- Department of General, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tillmann Heinze
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Madlen Kunke
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Böttner
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - François Cossais
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
Ligands of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway are paracrine signaling molecules that coordinate tissue development in metazoans. A remarkable feature of HH signaling is the repeated use of cholesterol in steps spanning ligand biogenesis, secretion, dispersal, and reception on target cells. A cholesterol molecule covalently attached to HH ligands is used as a molecular baton by transfer proteins to guide their secretion, spread, and reception. On target cells, a signaling circuit composed of a cholesterol transporter and sensor regulates transmission of HH signals across the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. The repeated use of cholesterol in signaling supports the view that the HH pathway likely evolved by coopting ancient systems to regulate the abundance or organization of sterol-like lipids in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
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13
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Lin WH, Cooper LM, Anastasiadis PZ. Cadherins and catenins in cancer: connecting cancer pathways and tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1137013. [PMID: 37255594 PMCID: PMC10225604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-catenin complexes are integral components of the adherens junctions crucial for cell-cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these complexes is linked to cancer development via alteration of cell-autonomous oncogenic signaling pathways and extrinsic tumor microenvironment. Advances in multiomics have uncovered key signaling events in multiple cancer types, creating a need for a better understanding of the crosstalk between cadherin-catenin complexes and oncogenic pathways. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of classical cadherins and associated catenins, describe how their dysregulation influences major cancer pathways, and discuss feedback regulation mechanisms between cadherin complexes and cellular signaling. We discuss evidence of cross regulation in the following contexts: Hippo-Yap/Taz and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, key pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth; Wnt, Notch, and hedgehog signaling, key developmental pathways involved in human cancer; as well as TGFβ and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, an important process for cancer cell plasticity. Moreover, we briefly explore the role of cadherins and catenins in mechanotransduction and the immune tumor microenvironment.
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14
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Wang J, Cui B, Li X, Zhao X, Huang T, Ding X. The emerging roles of Hedgehog signaling in tumor immune microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171418. [PMID: 37213270 PMCID: PMC10196179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is pervasively involved in human malignancies, making it an effective target for cancer treatment for decades. In addition to its direct role in regulating cancer cell attributes, recent work indicates that it has an immunoregulatory effect on tumor microenvironments. An integrated understanding of these actions of Hh signaling pathway in tumor cells and tumor microenvironments will pave the way for novel tumor treatments and further advances in anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the most recent research about Hh signaling pathway transduction, with a particular emphasis on its role in modulating tumor immune/stroma cell phenotype and function, such as macrophage polarity, T cell response, and fibroblast activation, as well as their mutual interactions between tumor cells and nonneoplastic cells. We also summarize the recent advances in the development of Hh pathway inhibitors and nanoparticle formulation for Hh pathway modulation. We suggest that targeting Hh signaling effects on both tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironments could be more synergistic for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taomin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Taomin Huang, ; Xiaolei Ding,
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Taomin Huang, ; Xiaolei Ding,
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15
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Jiang J. Hedgehog signaling mechanism and role in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:107-122. [PMID: 33836254 PMCID: PMC8492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling pathways has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including cancer. One such pathway is the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which was originally discovered in Drosophila and later found to play a fundamental role in human development and diseases. Abnormal Hh pathway activation is a major driver of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and medulloblastoma. Hh exerts it biological influence through a largely conserved signal transduction pathway from the activation of the GPCR family transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) to the conversion of latent Zn-finger transcription factors Gli/Ci proteins from their repressor (GliR/CiR) to activator (GliA/CiA) forms. Studies from model organisms and human patients have provided deep insight into the Hh signal transduction mechanisms, revealed roles of Hh signaling in a wide range of human cancers, and suggested multiple strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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16
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Zhou Y, Qiu S, Kim JT, Lee SB, Park HJ, Son MJ, Lee HJ, Chen J. Garcinone C Suppresses Tumorsphere Formation and Invasiveness by Hedgehog/Gli1 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Stem-like Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7941-7952. [PMID: 35749593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of hedgehog signaling occurs in colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation, potentially involved in metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and cancer relapse. Garcinone C, a xanthone isolated from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), suppresses colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting Gli1-dependent noncanonical hedgehog signaling. Herein, we investigated the effect of garcinone C on cancer stemness and invasiveness in colorectal cancer; Gli1 was noted as pivotal in maintaining stemness and invasiveness in HCT116 and HT29 CSCs. Garcinone C inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of HCT116 and HT29 CSCs. Colon cancer stemness markers such as CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and Nanog were significantly decreased by garcinone C. Computational studies showed that garcinone C showed a high affinity with the Gli1 protein ZF domain by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of ASP244, ARG223, and ASP216. Besides, MG132 blocked the effects of garcinone C on Gli1. Thus, garcinone C suppressed colorectal CSCs by binding to Gli1 and enhancing its degradation. MMP2 and MMP9 levels, invasive-related markers, were increased in HCT116 CSCs but decreased by garcinone C. E-cadherin level was reduced in HCT116 CSCs, while the presence of garcinone C was restored. Garcinone C inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of colorectal CSCs by targeting Gli1-dependent Hh signaling. Garcinone C may be a potent natural agent against colorectal cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Seung Beom Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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17
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Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins constitute one family of a small number of secreted signaling proteins that together regulate multiple aspects of animal development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Originally uncovered through genetic analyses in Drosophila, their subsequent discovery in vertebrates has provided a paradigm for the role of morphogens in positional specification. Most strikingly, the Sonic hedgehog protein was shown to mediate the activity of two classic embryonic organizing centers in vertebrates and subsequent studies have implicated it and its paralogs in a myriad of processes. Moreover, dysfunction of the signaling pathway has been shown to underlie numerous human congenital abnormalities and diseases, especially certain types of cancer. This review focusses on the genetic studies that uncovered the key components of the Hh signaling system and the subsequent, biochemical, cell and structural biology analyses of their functions. These studies have revealed several novel processes and principles, shedding new light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cell-cell communication. Notable amongst these are the involvement of cholesterol both in modifying the Hh proteins and in activating its transduction pathway, the role of cytonemes, filipodia-like extensions, in conveying Hh signals between cells; and the central importance of the Primary Cilium as a cellular compartment within which the components of the signaling pathway are sequestered and interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip William Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Kaushal JB, Batra SK, Rachagani S. Hedgehog signaling and its molecular perspective with cholesterol: a comprehensive review. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:266. [PMID: 35486193 PMCID: PMC9990174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is evolutionarily conserved and plays an instructional role in embryonic morphogenesis, organogenesis in various animals, and the central nervous system organization. Multiple feedback mechanisms dynamically regulate this pathway in a spatiotemporal and context-dependent manner to confer differential patterns in cell fate determination. Hh signaling is complex due to canonical and non-canonical mechanisms coordinating cell-cell communication. In addition, studies have demonstrated a regulatory framework of Hh signaling and shown that cholesterol is vital for Hh ligand biogenesis, signal generation, and transduction from the cell surface to intracellular space. Studies have shown the importance of a specific cholesterol pool, termed accessible cholesterol, which serves as a second messenger, conveying signals between smoothened (Smo) and patched 1 (Ptch1) across the plasma and ciliary membranes. Remarkably, recent high-resolution structural and molecular studies shed new light on the interplay between Hh signaling and cholesterol in membrane biology. These studies elucidated novel mechanistic insight into the release and dispersal of cholesterol-anchored Hh and the basis of Hh recognition by Ptch1. Additionally, the putative model of Smo activation by cholesterol binding and/or modification and Ptch1 antagonization of Smo has been explicated. However, the coupling mechanism of Hh signaling and cholesterol offered a new regulatory principle in cell biology: how effector molecules of the Hh signal network react to and remodel cholesterol accessibility in the membrane and selectively activate Hh signaling proteins thereof. Recognizing the biological importance of cholesterol in Hh signaling activation and transduction opens the door for translational research to develop novel therapeutic strategies. This review looks in-depth at canonical and non-canonical Hh signaling and the distinct proposed model of cholesterol-mediated regulation of Hh signaling components, facilitating a more sophisticated understanding of the Hh signal network and cholesterol biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti B Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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19
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Garg C, khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG, Sharma VK, Singh SK. Therapeutic Implications of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in Metabolic Disorders: Novel Target for Effective Treatment. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Barratt KS, Drover KA, Thomas ZM, Arkell RM. Patterning of the antero-ventral mammalian brain: Lessons from holoprosencephaly comparative biology in man and mouse. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1552. [PMID: 35137563 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult form and function are dependent upon the activity of specialized signaling centers that act early in development at the embryonic midline. These centers instruct the surrounding cells to adopt a positional fate and to form the patterned structures of the phylotypic embryo. Abnormalities in these processes have devastating consequences for the individual, as exemplified by holoprosencephaly in which anterior midline development fails, leading to structural defects of the brain and/or face. In the 25 years since the first association between human holoprosencephaly and the sonic hedgehog gene, a combination of human and animal genetic studies have enhanced our understanding of the genetic and embryonic causation of this congenital defect. Comparative biology has extended the holoprosencephaly network via the inclusion of gene mutations from multiple signaling pathways known to be required for anterior midline formation. It has also clarified aspects of holoprosencephaly causation, showing that it arises when a deleterious variant is present within a permissive genome, and that environmental factors, as well as embryonic stochasticity, influence the phenotypic outcome of the variant. More than two decades of research can now be distilled into a framework of embryonic and genetic causation. This framework means we are poised to move beyond our current understanding of variants in signaling pathway molecules. The challenges now at the forefront of holoprosencephaly research include deciphering how the mutation of genes involved in basic cell processes can also cause holoprosencephaly, determining the important constituents of the holoprosencephaly permissive genome, and identifying environmental compounds that promote holoprosencephaly. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Barratt
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kyle A Drover
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Zoe M Thomas
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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21
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Analysis of Dispatched Protein Processing and Sonic Hedgehog Ligand Release. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2374:95-106. [PMID: 34562246 PMCID: PMC8864978 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1701-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The 12-pass transmembrane protein Dispatched (DISP) is essential for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) release from ligand-producing cells and is indispensable for establishment of the SHH morphogen gradient during tissue patterning. Regulatory events controlling DISP release of SHH are not yet fully characterized. We recently demonstrated that DISP is cleaved by FURIN proprotein convertase at a conserved site in its first extracellular loop. Mutation of the cleavage site attenuates DISP-mediated SHH release, which indicates that Furin cleavage is a positive step toward DISP protein maturation. In this chapter, we present a ligand release/retention protocol that allows for the analysis of DISP cleavage, DISP-mediated release of SHH ligand from producing cells, and secretion-dependent signal induction in target cells.
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22
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Li W, Wang L, Wierbowski BM, Lu M, Dong F, Liu W, Li S, Wang P, Salic A, Gong X. Structural insights into proteolytic activation of the human Dispatched1 transporter for Hedgehog morphogen release. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6966. [PMID: 34845226 PMCID: PMC8630017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein Dispatched (Disp), which belongs to the RND family of small molecule transporters, is essential for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, by catalyzing the extracellular release of palmitate- and cholesterol-modified Hh ligands from producing cells. Disp function requires Furin-mediated proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular domain, but how this activates Disp remains obscure. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy to determine atomic structures of human Disp1 (hDisp1), before and after cleavage, and in complex with lipid-modified Sonic hedgehog (Shh) ligand. These structures, together with biochemical data, reveal that proteolytic cleavage opens the extracellular domain of hDisp1, removing steric hindrance to Shh binding. Structure-guided functional experiments demonstrate the role of hDisp1-Shh interactions in ligand release. Our results clarify the mechanisms of hDisp1 activation and Shh morphogen release, and highlight how a unique proteolytic cleavage event enabled acquisition of a protein substrate by a member of a family of small molecule transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Li
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China ,grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Linlin Wang
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Bradley M. Wierbowski
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Mo Lu
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Feitong Dong
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Wenchen Liu
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Sisi Li
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China ,grid.508211.f0000 0004 6004 3854Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790SUSTech Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Adrian Salic
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Dispatching plasma membrane cholesterol and Sonic Hedgehog dispatch: two sides of the same coin? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2455-2463. [PMID: 34515747 PMCID: PMC8589413 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate and invertebrate Hedgehog (Hh) morphogens signal over short and long distances to direct cell fate decisions during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis after birth. One of the most important questions in Hh biology is how such Hh signaling to distant target cells is achieved, because all Hh proteins are secreted as dually lipidated proteins that firmly tether to the outer plasma membrane leaflet of their producing cells. There, Hhs multimerize into light microscopically visible storage platforms that recruit factors required for their regulated release. One such recruited release factor is the soluble glycoprotein Scube2 (Signal sequence, cubulin domain, epidermal-growth-factor-like protein 2), and maximal Scube2 function requires concomitant activity of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) transporter Dispatched (Disp) at the plasma membrane of Hh-producing cells. Although recently published cryo-electron microscopy-derived structures suggest possible direct modes of Scube2/Disp-regulated Hh release, the mechanism of Disp-mediated Hh deployment is still not fully understood. In this review, we discuss suggested direct modes of Disp-dependent Hh deployment and relate them to the structural similarities between Disp and the related RND transporters Patched (Ptc) and Niemann-Pick type C protein 1. We then discuss open questions and perspectives that derive from these structural similarities, with particular focus on new findings that suggest shared small molecule transporter functions of Disp to deplete the plasma membrane of cholesterol and to modulate Hh release in an indirect manner.
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24
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Wang Q, Asarnow DE, Ding K, Mann RK, Hatakeyama J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Cheng Y, Beachy PA. Dispatched uses Na + flux to power release of lipid-modified Hedgehog. Nature 2021; 599:320-324. [PMID: 34707294 PMCID: PMC8785653 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Dispatched protein, which is related to the NPC1 and PTCH1 cholesterol transporters1,2 and to H+-driven transporters of the RND family3,4, enables tissue-patterning activity of the lipid-modified Hedgehog protein by releasing it from tightly -localized sites of embryonic expression5-10. Here we determine a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the mouse protein Dispatched homologue 1 (DISP1), revealing three Na+ ions coordinated within a channel that traverses its transmembrane domain. We find that the rate of Hedgehog export is dependent on the Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane. The transmembrane channel and Na+ binding are disrupted in DISP1-NNN, a variant with asparagine substitutions for three intramembrane aspartate residues that each coordinate and neutralize the charge of one of the three Na+ ions. DISP1-NNN and variants that disrupt single Na+ sites retain binding to, but are impaired in export of the lipid-modified Hedgehog protein to the SCUBE2 acceptor. Interaction of the amino-terminal signalling domain of the Sonic hedgehog protein (ShhN) with DISP1 occurs via an extensive buried surface area and contacts with an extended furin-cleaved DISP1 arm. Variability analysis reveals that ShhN binding is restricted to one extreme of a continuous series of DISP1 conformations. The bound and unbound DISP1 conformations display distinct Na+-site occupancies, which suggests a mechanism by which transmembrane Na+ flux may power extraction of the lipid-linked Hedgehog signal from the membrane. Na+-coordinating residues in DISP1 are conserved in PTCH1 and other metazoan RND family members, suggesting that Na+ flux powers their conformationally driven activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Asarnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ke Ding
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Randall K Mann
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Departments of Urology, and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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Genetics of diaphragmatic hernia. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1729-1733. [PMID: 34621023 PMCID: PMC8632982 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a life-threatening malformation characterised by failure of diaphragmatic development with lung hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The incidence is 1:2000 corresponding to 8% of all major congenital malformations. Morbidity and mortality in affected newborns are very high and at present, there is no precise prenatal or early postnatal prognostication parameter to predict clinical outcome in CDH patients. Most cases occur sporadically, however, genetic causes have long been discussed to explain a proportion of cases. These range from aneuploidy to complex chromosomal aberrations and specific mutations often causing a complex phenotype exhibiting multiple malformations along with CDH. This review summarises the genetic variations which have been observed in syndromic and isolated cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
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26
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Manikowski D, Ehring K, Gude F, Jakobs P, Froese J, Grobe K. Hedgehog lipids: Promotors of alternative morphogen release and signaling?: Conflicting findings on lipidated Hedgehog transport and signaling can be explained by alternative regulated mechanisms to release the morphogen. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100133. [PMID: 34611914 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two posttranslational lipid modifications present on all Hedgehog (Hh) morphogens-an N-terminal palmitate and a C-terminal cholesterol-are established and essential regulators of Hh biofunction. Yet, for several decades, the question of exactly how both lipids contribute to Hh signaling remained obscure. Recently, cryogenic electron microscopy revealed different modes by which one or both lipids may contribute directly to Hh binding and signaling to its receptor Patched1 (Ptc). Some of these modes demand that the established release factor Dispatched1 (Disp) extracts dual-lipidated Hh from the cell surface, and that another known upstream signaling modulator called Scube2 chaperones the dual-lipidated morphogen to Ptc. By mechanistically and biochemically aligning this concept with established in vivo and recent in vitro findings, this reflection identifies remaining questions in lipidated Hh transport and evaluates additional mechanisms of Disp- and Scube2-regulated release of a second bioactive Hh fraction that has one or both lipids removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Manikowski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Kristina Ehring
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Fabian Gude
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Petra Jakobs
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Jurij Froese
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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27
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Luo Y, Wan G, Zhou X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Bao J, Cong Y, Zhao Y, Li D. Architecture of Dispatched, a Transmembrane Protein Responsible for Hedgehog Release. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701826. [PMID: 34557519 PMCID: PMC8453165 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial for programmed cell differentiation and proliferation. Dispatched (Disp) is a 12-transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by releasing the dually lipidated ligand HhN from the membrane, a prerequisite step to the downstream signaling cascade. In this study, we focus on the Disp from water bear, a primitive animal known as the most indestructible on Earth. Using a zebrafish model, we show that the water bear homolog possesses the function of Disp. We have solved its structure to a 6.5-Å resolution using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy. Consistent with the evolutional conservation of the pathway, the water bear Disp structure is overall similar to the previously reported structures of the fruit fly and human homologs. Although not revealing much detail at this resolution, the water bear Disp shows a different conformation compared to published structures, suggesting that they represent different functional snapshots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyue Wan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuwen Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianfan Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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28
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Pakvasa M, Tucker AB, Shen T, He TC, Reid RR. The Pleiotropic Intricacies of Hedgehog Signaling: From Craniofacial Patterning to Carcinogenesis. FACE (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2021; 2:260-274. [PMID: 35812774 PMCID: PMC9268505 DOI: 10.1177/27325016211024326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling was discovered more than 40 years ago in experiments demonstrating that it is a fundamental mediator of limb development. Since that time, it has been shown to be important in development, homeostasis, and disease. The hedgehog pathway proceeds through a pathway highly conserved throughout animals beginning with the extracellular diffusion of hedgehog ligands, proceeding through an intracellular signaling cascade, and ending with the activation of specific target genes. A vast amount of research has been done elucidating hedgehog signaling mechanisms and regulation. This research has found a complex system of genetics and signaling that helps determine how organisms develop and function. This review provides an overview of what is known about hedgehog genetics and signaling, followed by an in-depth discussion of the role of hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pakvasa
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew B. Tucker
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy Shen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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29
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Ehring K, Manikowski D, Goretzko J, Froese J, Gude F, Jakobs P, Rescher U, Kirchhefer U, Grobe K. Conserved cholesterol-related activities of Dispatched 1 drive Sonic hedgehog shedding from the cell membrane. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:271842. [PMID: 34308968 PMCID: PMC8403983 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway controls embryonic development and tissue homeostasis after birth. Long-standing questions about this pathway include how the dual-lipidated, firmly plasma membrane-associated Shh ligand is released from producing cells to signal to distant target cells and how the resistance-nodulation-division transporter Dispatched 1 (Disp, also known as Disp1) regulates this process. Here, we show that inactivation of Disp in Shh-expressing human cells impairs proteolytic Shh release from its lipidated terminal peptides, a process called ectodomain shedding. We also show that cholesterol export from Disp-deficient cells is reduced, that these cells contain increased cholesterol amounts in the plasma membrane, and that Shh shedding from Disp-deficient cells is restored by pharmacological membrane cholesterol extraction and by overexpression of transgenic Disp or the structurally related protein Patched 1 (Ptc, also known as Ptch1; a putative cholesterol transporter). These data suggest that Disp can regulate Shh function via controlled cell surface shedding and that membrane cholesterol-related molecular mechanisms shared by Disp and Ptc exercise such sheddase control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ehring
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominique Manikowski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Goretzko
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Münster, Von Esmarch Strasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jurij Froese
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Gude
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Jakobs
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Münster, Von Esmarch Strasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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30
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Kothandapani A, Jefcoate CR, Jorgensen JS. Cholesterol Contributes to Male Sex Differentiation Through Its Developmental Role in Androgen Synthesis and Hedgehog Signaling. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6204698. [PMID: 33784378 PMCID: PMC8168945 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two specialized functions of cholesterol during fetal development include serving as a precursor to androgen synthesis and supporting hedgehog (HH) signaling activity. Androgens are produced by the testes to facilitate masculinization of the fetus. Recent evidence shows that intricate interactions between the HH and androgen signaling pathways are required for optimal male sex differentiation and defects of either can cause birth anomalies indicative of 46,XY male variations of sex development (VSD). Further, perturbations in cholesterol synthesis can cause developmental defects, including VSD, that phenocopy those caused by disrupted androgen or HH signaling, highlighting the functional role of cholesterol in promoting male sex differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of cholesterol in systemic androgen and local HH signaling events during fetal masculinization and their collective contributions to pediatric VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Correspondence: Anbarasi Kothandapani, PhD, Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53705, USA. E-mail:
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Joan S Jorgensen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Correspondence: Joan S. Jorgensen, DVM, PhD, Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53705, USA. E-mail:
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31
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Hu J, Peng X, Du W, Huang Y, Zhang C, Zhang X. circSLC6A6 Sponges miR-497-5p to Promote Endometrial Cancer Progression via the PI4KB/Hedgehog Axis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5512391. [PMID: 34258297 PMCID: PMC8245255 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new kind of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been substantiated to be involved in multiple biological processes. Accumulating studies indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the development of cancers by acting as miRNA sponges. However, the role of circRNAs in endometrial cancer (EC) is rarely reported. This study was aimed at investigating the functional roles of circSLC6A6 in EC. METHODS The qRT-PCR assay was performed to detect the circSLC6A6 expression in EC tissues and cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore the connection between circSLC6A6 and miR-497-5p as well as the connection between miR-497-5p and PI4KB. The colony formation assay, EdU assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to examine the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. The in vivo assay was performed to reveal the function of circSLC6A6 in tumorigenesis. RESULTS We found that circSLC6A6 was highly expressed in both EC tissues and cells. And circSLC6A6 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells in vitro. In vivo, circSLC6A6 promoted tumor growth. Besides, a mechanistic study demonstrated that circSLC6A6 could regulate tumor-associated signaling PI4KB/hedgehog pathway by sponging miR-497-5p. CONCLUSION This study illustrates that circSLC6A6 plays a role in promoting EC progression via the miR-497-5p-mediated PI4KB/hedgehog pathway. Our study may provide a potential novel biomarker for EC diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weina Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Chiyoda H, Kume M, del Castillo CC, Kontani K, Spang A, Katada T, Fukuyama M. Caenorhabditis elegans PTR/PTCHD PTR-18 promotes the clearance of extracellular hedgehog-related protein via endocytosis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009457. [PMID: 33872306 PMCID: PMC8104386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal restriction of signaling plays a critical role in animal development and tissue homeostasis. All stem and progenitor cells in newly hatched C. elegans larvae are quiescent and capable of suspending their development until sufficient food is supplied. Here, we show that ptr-18, which encodes the evolutionarily conserved patched-related (PTR)/patched domain-containing (PTCHD) protein, temporally restricts the availability of extracellular hedgehog-related protein to establish the capacity of progenitor cells to maintain quiescence. We found that neural progenitor cells exit from quiescence in ptr-18 mutant larvae even when hatched under starved conditions. This unwanted reactivation depended on the activity of a specific set of hedgehog-related grl genes including grl-7. Unexpectedly, neither PTR-18 nor GRL-7 were expressed in newly hatched wild-type larvae. Instead, at the late embryonic stage, both PTR-18 and GRL-7 proteins were first localized around the apical membrane of hypodermal and neural progenitor cells and subsequently targeted for lysosomal degradation before hatching. Loss of ptr-18 caused a significant delay in GRL-7 clearance, causing this protein to be retained in the extracellular space in newly hatched ptr-18 mutant larvae. Furthermore, the putative transporter activity of PTR-18 was shown to be required for the appropriate function of the protein. These findings not only uncover a previously undescribed role of PTR/PTCHD in the clearance of extracellular hedgehog-related proteins via endocytosis-mediated degradation but also illustrate that failure to temporally restrict intercellular signaling during embryogenesis can subsequently compromise post-embryonic progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Chiyoda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kume
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kontani
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Toshiaki Katada
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Fukuyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Hall ET, Dillard ME, Stewart DP, Zhang Y, Wagner B, Levine RM, Pruett-Miller SM, Sykes A, Temirov J, Cheney RE, Mori M, Robinson CG, Ogden SK. Cytoneme delivery of Sonic Hedgehog from ligand-producing cells requires Myosin 10 and a Dispatched-BOC/CDON co-receptor complex. eLife 2021; 10:61432. [PMID: 33570491 PMCID: PMC7968926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogens function in concentration-dependent manners to instruct cell fate during tissue patterning. The cytoneme morphogen transport model posits that specialized filopodia extend between morphogen-sending and responding cells to ensure that appropriate signaling thresholds are achieved. How morphogens are transported along and deployed from cytonemes, how quickly a cytoneme-delivered, receptor-dependent signal is initiated, and whether these processes are conserved across phyla are not known. Herein, we reveal that the actin motor Myosin 10 promotes vesicular transport of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) morphogen in mouse cell cytonemes, and that SHH morphogen gradient organization is altered in neural tubes of Myo10-/- mice. We demonstrate that cytoneme-mediated deposition of SHH onto receiving cells induces a rapid, receptor-dependent signal response that occurs within seconds of ligand delivery. This activity is dependent upon a novel Dispatched (DISP)-BOC/CDON co-receptor complex that functions in ligand-producing cells to promote cytoneme occurrence and facilitate ligand delivery for signal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Daniel P Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Ben Wagner
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Rachel M Levine
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - April Sykes
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jamshid Temirov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Richard E Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Motomi Mori
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
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Geyer N, Gerling M. Hedgehog Signaling in Colorectal Cancer: All in the Stroma? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031025. [PMID: 33498528 PMCID: PMC7864206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates intestinal development and homeostasis. The role of Hh signaling in cancer has been studied for many years; however, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. It has become increasingly clear that the “canonical” Hh pathway, in which ligand binding to the receptor PTCH1 initiates a signaling cascade that culminates in the activation of the GLI transcription factors, is mainly organized in a paracrine manner, both in the healthy colon and in CRC. Such canonical Hh signals largely act as tumor suppressors. In addition, stromal Hh signaling has complex immunomodulatory effects in the intestine with a potential impact on carcinogenesis. In contrast, non-canonical Hh activation may have tumor-promoting roles in a subset of CRC tumor cells. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of the Hh pathway in CRC, with a focus on the tumor-suppressive role of canonical Hh signaling in the stroma. Despite discouraging results from clinical trials using Hh inhibitors in CRC and other solid cancers, we argue that a more granular understanding of Hh signaling might allow the exploitation of this key morphogenic pathway for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Geyer
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Marco Gerling
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Theme Cancer, Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Solna, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Wierbowski BM, Petrov K, Aravena L, Gu G, Xu Y, Salic A. Hedgehog Pathway Activation Requires Coreceptor-Catalyzed, Lipid-Dependent Relay of the Sonic Hedgehog Ligand. Dev Cell 2020; 55:450-467.e8. [PMID: 33038332 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling governs critical processes in embryogenesis, adult stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis. The activating ligand, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), is highly hydrophobic because of dual palmitate and cholesterol modification, and thus, its release from cells requires the secreted SCUBE proteins. We demonstrate that the soluble SCUBE-SHH complex, although highly potent in cellular assays, cannot directly signal through the SHH receptor, Patched1 (PTCH1). Rather, signaling by SCUBE-SHH requires a molecular relay mediated by the coreceptors CDON/BOC and GAS1, which relieves SHH inhibition by SCUBE. CDON/BOC bind both SCUBE and SHH, recruiting the complex to the cell surface. SHH is then handed off, in a dual lipid-dependent manner, to GAS1, and from GAS1 to PTCH1, initiating signaling. These results define an essential step in Hedgehog signaling, whereby coreceptors activate SHH by chaperoning it from a latent extracellular complex to its cell-surface receptor, and point to a broader paradigm of coreceptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostadin Petrov
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Aravena
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Garrick Gu
- Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Yangqing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrian Salic
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Distinct Cation Gradients Power Cholesterol Transport at Different Key Points in the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Dev Cell 2020; 55:314-327.e7. [PMID: 32860743 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays two critical roles in Hedgehog signaling, a fundamental pathway in animal development and cancer: it covalently modifies the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) ligand, restricting its release from producing cells, and directly activates Smoothened in responding cells. In both contexts, a membrane protein related to bacterial RND transporters regulates cholesterol: Dispatched1 controls release of cholesterylated SHH, and Patched1 antagonizes Smoothened activation by cholesterol. The mechanism and driving force for eukaryotic RND proteins, including Dispatched1 and Patched1, are unknown. Here, we show that Dispatched1 acts enzymatically to catalyze SHH release. Dispatched1 uses the energy of the plasma membrane Na+ gradient, thus functioning as an SHH/Na+ antiporter. In contrast, Patched1 repression of Smoothened requires the opposing K+ gradient. Our results clarify the transporter activity of essential eukaryotic RND proteins and demonstrate that the two main cation gradients of animal cells differentially power cholesterol transport at two crucial steps in the Hedgehog pathway.
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37
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Chen H, Liu Y, Li X. Structure of human Dispatched-1 provides insights into Hedgehog ligand biogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000776. [PMID: 32646883 PMCID: PMC7362390 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cryo-EM structure of human Dispatched-1 reveals a unique open conformation of its extracellular domains for Hedgehog ligand binding. Hedgehog (HH) signaling is essential for metazoan development. The HH ligand is secreted into the extracellular space by a cell surface protein named Dispatched-1 (DISP1). Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human DISP1 protein. DISP1 contains 12 transmembrane helices (TMs) and two extracellular domains (ECDs). Its ECDs reveal an open state, in contrast to its structural homologues PTCH1 and NPC1, whose extracellular/luminal domains adopt a closed state. The low-resolution structure of the DISP1 complex with dual lipid-modified HH ligand reveals how the ECDs of DISP1 engage with HH ligand. Moreover, several cholesterol-like molecules are found in the TMs, implying a transport-like function of DISP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA .,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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38
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González‐Méndez L, Gradilla A, Sánchez‐Hernández D, González E, Aguirre‐Tamaral A, Jiménez‐Jiménez C, Guerra M, Aguilar G, Andrés G, Falcón‐Pérez JM, Guerrero I. Polarized sorting of Patched enables cytoneme-mediated Hedgehog reception in the Drosophila wing disc. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103629. [PMID: 32311148 PMCID: PMC7265244 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signal molecules play a fundamental role in development, adult stem cell maintenance and cancer. Hh can signal at a distance, and we have proposed that its graded distribution across Drosophila epithelia is mediated by filopodia-like structures called cytonemes. Hh reception by Patched (Ptc) happens at discrete sites along presenting and receiving cytonemes, reminiscent of synaptic processes. Here, we show that a vesicle fusion mechanism mediated by SNARE proteins is required for Ptc placement at contact sites. Transport of Ptc to these sites requires multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation via ESCRT machinery, in a manner different to that regulating Ptc/Hh lysosomal degradation after reception. These MVBs include extracellular vesicle (EV) markers and, accordingly, Ptc is detected in the purified exosomal fraction from cultured cells. Blockage of Ptc trafficking and fusion to basolateral membranes result in low levels of Ptc presentation for reception, causing an extended and flattened Hh gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González‐Méndez
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ana‐Citlali Gradilla
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Sánchez‐Hernández
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Esperanza González
- Exosomes Lab. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)DerioSpain
| | - Adrián Aguirre‐Tamaral
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Carlos Jiménez‐Jiménez
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Milagros Guerra
- Electron Microscopy UnitCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CSIC‐UAM)Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Gustavo Aguilar
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Growth and DevelopmentBiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Germán Andrés
- Electron Microscopy UnitCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CSIC‐UAM)Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Juan M Falcón‐Pérez
- Exosomes Lab. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)DerioSpain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)DerioSpain
| | - Isabel Guerrero
- Tissue and Organ HomeostasisCentro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC‐UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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Qi X, Li X. Mechanistic Insights into the Generation and Transduction of Hedgehog Signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:397-410. [PMID: 32311334 PMCID: PMC7174405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation and proliferation require Hedgehog (HH) signaling and aberrant HH signaling causes birth defects or cancers. In this signaling pathway, the N-terminally palmitoylated and C-terminally cholesterylated HH ligand is secreted into the extracellular space with help of the Dispatched-1 (DISP1) and Scube2 proteins. The Patched-1 (PTCH1) protein releases its inhibition of the oncoprotein Smoothened (SMO) after binding the HH ligand, triggering downstream signaling events. In this review, we discuss the recent structural and biochemical studies on four major components of the HH pathway: the HH ligand, DISP1, PTCH1, and SMO. This research provides mechanistic insights into how HH signaling is generated and transduced from the cell surface into the intercellular space and will aid in facilitating the treatment of HH-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Qi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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40
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Cannac F, Qi C, Falschlunger J, Hausmann G, Basler K, Korkhov VM. Cryo-EM structure of the Hedgehog release protein Dispatched. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7928. [PMID: 32494603 PMCID: PMC7159904 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway controls embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster, the pathway is primed by secretion of a dually lipid-modified morphogen, Hh, a process dependent on a membrane-integral protein Dispatched. Although Dispatched is a critical component of the pathway, the structural basis of its activity has, so far, not been described. Here, we describe a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the D. melanogaster Dispatched at 3.2-Å resolution. The ectodomains of Dispatched adopt an open conformation suggestive of a receptor-chaperone role. A three-dimensional reconstruction of Dispatched bound to Hh confirms the ability of Dispatched to bind Hh but using a unique mode distinct from those previously observed in structures of Hh complexes. The structure may represent the state of the complex that precedes shedding of Hh from the surface of the morphogen-releasing cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Cannac
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chao Qi
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Falschlunger
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr M. Korkhov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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41
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Sasai N, Toriyama M, Kondo T. Hedgehog Signal and Genetic Disorders. Front Genet 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31781166 PMCID: PMC6856222 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide spectrum of biological events including cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival; establishment of the vertebrate body plan; and aging. These molecules play critical roles from embryogenesis to adult stages; therefore, alterations such as abnormal expression or mutations of the genes involved and their downstream factors cause a variety of genetic disorders at different stages. The Hh family involves many signaling mediators and functions through complex mechanisms, and achieving a comprehensive understanding of the entire signaling system is challenging. This review discusses the signaling mediators of the Hh pathway and their functions at the cellular and organismal levels. We first focus on the roles of Hh signaling mediators in signal transduction at the cellular level and the networks formed by these factors. Then, we analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of Hh pathway molecules in tissues and organs, and describe the phenotypes of mutant mice. Finally, we discuss the genetic disorders caused by malfunction of Hh signaling-related molecules in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Michinori Toriyama
- Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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42
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Bhateja P, Cherian M, Majumder S, Ramaswamy B. The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Viable Target in Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081126. [PMID: 31394751 PMCID: PMC6721501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell programs. Deregulation of the Hh pathway is a key driver of basal cell carcinoma, and therapeutic targeting led to approval of Hh inhibitor, vismodegib, in the management of this cancer. The Hh pathway is implicated in other malignancies including hormone receptor (HR+) positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hh signaling, which is activated in human mammary stem cells, results in activation of glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors. High GLI1 expression correlates with worse outcomes in breast cancer. Non-canonical GLI1 activation is one mechanism by which estrogen exposure promotes breast cancer stem cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Tamoxifen resistant cell lines show aberrant activation of Hh signaling, and knockdown of Hh pathway inhibited growth of tamoxifen resistant cells. As in other cancers Hh signaling is activated by the PI3K/AKT pathway in these endocrine resistant cell lines. Hh pathway activation has also been reported to mediate chemotherapy resistance in TNBC via various mechanisms including paracrine signaling to tumor micro-environment and selective proliferation of cancer stem cells. Co-activation of Hh and Wnt signaling pathways is a poor prognostic marker in TNBC. Early phase clinical trials are evaluating the combination of smoothened (SMO) inhibitors and chemotherapy in TNBC. In addition to SMO inhibitors like vismodegib and sonidegib, which are in clinical use for basal cell carcinoma, GLI1 inhibitors like GANT58 and GANT61 are in preclinical drug development and might be an effective mechanism to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer. Gene signatures predictive of Hh pathway activation could enrich for patients likely to respond to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhateja
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarmila Majumder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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43
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Guo W, Roelink H. Loss of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican5 Facilitates Long-Range Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Stem Cells 2019; 37:899-909. [PMID: 30977233 PMCID: PMC8491322 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a morphogen, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) mediates signaling at a distance from its sites of synthesis. After secretion, Shh must traverse a distance through the extracellular matrix (ECM) to reach the target cells and activate the Hh response. ECM proteins, in particular, the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) of the glypican family, have both negative and positive effects on Shh signaling, all attributed to their ability to bind Shh. Using mouse embryonic stem cell-derived mosaic tissues with compartments that lack the glycosyltransferases Exostosin1 and Exostosin2, or the HSPG core protein Glypican5, we show that Shh accumulates around its source cells when they are surrounded by cells that have a mutated ECM. This accumulation of Shh is correlated with an increased noncell autonomous Shh response. Our results support a model in which Shh presented on the cell surface accumulates at or near ECM that lacks HSPGs, possibly due to the absence of these Shh sequestering molecules. Stem Cells 2019;37:899-909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Henk Roelink
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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44
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Abstract
Signaling pathways that mediate cell-cell communication are essential for collective cell behaviors in multicellular systems. The hedgehog (HH) pathway, first discovered and elucidated in Drosophila, is one of these iconic signaling systems that plays many roles during embryogenesis and in adults; abnormal HH signaling can lead to birth defects and cancer. We review recent structural and biochemical studies that have advanced our understanding of the vertebrate HH pathway, focusing on the mechanisms by which the HH signal is received by patched on target cells, transduced across the cell membrane by smoothened, and transmitted to the nucleus by GLI proteins to influence gene-expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Kong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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45
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Abramyan J. Hedgehog Signaling and Embryonic Craniofacial Disorders. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:E9. [PMID: 31022843 PMCID: PMC6631594 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial discovery in a Drosophila mutagenesis screen, the Hedgehog pathway has been revealed to be instrumental in the proper development of the vertebrate face. Vertebrates possess three hedgehog paralogs: Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh). Of the three, Shh has the broadest range of functions both in the face and elsewhere in the embryo, while Ihh and Dhh play more limited roles. The Hedgehog pathway is instrumental from the period of prechordal plate formation early in the embryo, until the fusion of the lip and secondary palate, which complete the major patterning events of the face. Disruption of Hedgehog signaling results in an array of developmental disorders in the face, ranging from minor alterations in the distance between the eyes to more serious conditions such as severe clefting of the lip and palate. Despite its critical role, Hedgehog signaling seems to be disrupted through a number of mechanisms that may either be direct, as in mutation of a downstream target of the Hedgehog ligand, or indirect, such as mutation in a ciliary protein that is otherwise seemingly unrelated to the Hedgehog pathway. A number of teratogens such as alcohol, statins and steroidal alkaloids also disrupt key aspects of Hedgehog signal transduction, leading to developmental defects that are similar, if not identical, to those of Hedgehog pathway mutations. The aim of this review is to highlight the variety of roles that Hedgehog signaling plays in developmental disorders of the vertebrate face.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abramyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA.
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46
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Manikowski D, Jakobs P, Jboor H, Grobe K. Soluble Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans Interfere with Sonic Hedgehog Solubilization and Receptor Binding. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081607. [PMID: 31018591 PMCID: PMC6526471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a tumor-promoting role in many epithelial cancers. Cancer cells produce soluble a Shh that signals to distant stromal cells that express the receptor Patched (Ptc). These receiving cells respond by producing other soluble factors that promote cancer cell growth, generating a positive feedback loop. To interfere with reinforced Shh signaling, we examined the potential of defined heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides to block Shh solubilization and Ptc receptor binding. We confirm in vitro and in vivo that proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal Cardin-Weintraub (CW) amino acid motif is a prerequisite for Shh solubilization and function. Consistent with the established binding of soluble heparin or HS to the Shh CW target motif, both polysaccharides impaired proteolytic Shh processing and release from source cells. We also show that HS and heparin bind to, and block, another set of basic amino acids required for unimpaired Shh binding to Ptc receptors on receiving cells. Both modes of Shh activity downregulation depend more on HS size and overall charge than on specific HS sulfation modifications. We conclude that heparin oligosaccharide interference in the physiological roles of HS in Shh release and reception may be used to expand the field of investigation to pharmaceutical intervention of tumor-promoting Shh functions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drosophila Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Drosophila Proteins/chemistry
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development
- Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- HeLa Cells
- Hedgehog Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hedgehog Proteins/chemistry
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Heparin/chemistry
- Heparin/pharmacology
- Heparitin Sulfate/chemistry
- Heparitin Sulfate/pharmacology
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Patched-1 Receptor/genetics
- Patched-1 Receptor/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Solubility
- Wings, Animal/growth & development
- Wings, Animal/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Manikowski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Petra Jakobs
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Hamodah Jboor
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Hall ET, Cleverdon ER, Ogden SK. Dispatching Sonic Hedgehog: Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Deployment. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:385-395. [PMID: 30852081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens direct cell fate decisions during embryogenesis and signal to maintain tissue homeostasis after birth. Hh ligands harbor dual lipid modifications that anchor the proteins into producing cell membranes, effectively preventing ligand release. The transporter-like protein Dispatched (Disp) functions to release these membrane tethers and mobilize Hh ligands to travel toward distant cellular targets. The molecular mechanisms by which Disp achieves Hh deployment are not yet fully understood, but a number of recent publications provide insight into the complex process of Hh release. Herein we review this literature, integrate key discoveries, and discuss some of the open questions that will drive future studies aimed at understanding Disp-mediated Hh ligand deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Roessler E, Hu P, Marino J, Hong S, Hart R, Berger S, Martinez A, Abe Y, Kruszka P, Thomas JW, Mullikin JC, Wang Y, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, Solomon BD, Richieri-Costa A, Ribeiro-Bicudo LA, Muenke M. Common genetic causes of holoprosencephaly are limited to a small set of evolutionarily conserved driver genes of midline development coordinated by TGF-β, hedgehog, and FGF signaling. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1416-1427. [PMID: 29992659 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we applied targeted capture to examine 153 genes representative of all the major vertebrate developmental pathways among 333 probands to rank their relative significance as causes for holoprosencephaly (HPE). We now show that comparisons of variant transmission versus nontransmission among 136 HPE Trios indicates some reported genes now lack confirmation, while novel genes are implicated. Furthermore, we demonstrate that variation of modest intrinsic effect can synergize with these driver mutations as gene modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sungkook Hong
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Hart
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth Berger
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ariel Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yu Abe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James W Thomas
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NISC, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NISC, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Wendy S W Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia.,Presently the Managing Director, GeneDx, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Antônio Richieri-Costa
- Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Ribeiro-Bicudo
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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49
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Roessler E, Hu P, Muenke M. Holoprosencephaly in the genomics era. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 178:165-174. [PMID: 29770992 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the direct consequence of specific genetic and/or environmental insults interrupting the midline specification of the nascent forebrain. Such disturbances can lead to a broad range of phenotypic consequences for the brain and face in humans. This malformation sequence is remarkably common in utero (1 in 250 human fetuses), but 97% typically do not survive to birth. The precise molecular pathogenesis of HPE in these early human embryos remains largely unknown. Here, we outline our current understanding of the principal driving factors leading to HPE pathologies and elaborate our multifactorial integrated genomics approach. Overall, our understanding of the pathogenesis continues to become simpler, rather than more complicated. Genomic technologies now provide unprecedented insight into disease-associated variation, including the overall extent of genetic interactions (coding and noncoding) predicted to explain divergent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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50
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Abstract
Spatial organization of membrane domains within cells and cells within tissues is key to the development of organisms and the maintenance of adult tissue. Cell polarization is crucial for correct cell-cell signalling, which, in turn, promotes cell differentiation and tissue patterning. However, the mechanisms linking internal cell polarity to intercellular signalling are just beginning to be unravelled. The Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt pathways are major directors of development and their malfunction can cause severe disorders like cancer. Here we discuss parallel advances into understanding the mechanism of Hedgehog and Wnt signal dissemination and reception. We hypothesize that cell polarization of the signal-sending and signal-receiving cells is crucial for proper signal spreading and activation of the pathway and, thus, fundamental for development of multicellular organisms.
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