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Ahanchi NS, Fischer AS, Quezada-Pinedo HG, Khatami F, Eisenga MF, Muka T, Vidal PM. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of Iron biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women: leveraging repeated measurements to address natural variability. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:158. [PMID: 38715055 PMCID: PMC11077797 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between iron biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) remains unclear. We aimed to (1) evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between iron biomarkers (serum ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), transferrin) and CVD-RFs among women, and (2) explore if these associations were modified by menopausal status. METHOD Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses including 2542 and 1482 women from CoLaus cohort, respectively. Multiple linear regression and multilevel mixed models were used to analyse the associations between Iron biomarkers and CVD-RFs. Variability of outcomes and iron markers between surveys was accessed using intraclass correlation (ICC). RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, elevated serum ferritin levels were associated with increased insulin and glucose levels, while higher transferrin levels were linked to elevated glucose, insulin and total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). No association was observed between CVD-RFs and TSAT (p > 0.05). Iron biomarkers demonstrated low reliability across reproductive stages but exhibited stronger associations in the perimenopausal group. In longitudinal analysis, we found association only for transferrin with lower glucose levels [β = - 0.59, 95% CI (- 1.10, - 0.08), p = 0.02] and lower diastolic blood pressure [β = - 7.81, 95% CI (- 15.9, - 0.56), p = 0.04]. CONCLUSION In cross-sectional analysis, transferrin was associated with several CVD-RFs, and the associations did not change according to menopausal status. Conversely, in the longitudinal analyses, changes in transferrin were associated only with lower glucose and diastolic blood pressure levels. These differences might stem from the substantial longitudinal variation of iron biomarkers, underscoring the need for multiple iron measurements in longitudinal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Sadat Ahanchi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Amira Salomé Fischer
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugo G Quezada-Pinedo
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Farnaz Khatami
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Community Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michele F Eisenga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Epistudia, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro-Marques Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kumari R, Ponte ME, Franczak E, Prom JC, O'Neil MF, Sardiu ME, Lutkewitte AJ, Christenson LK, Shankar K, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. VCD-induced menopause mouse model reveals reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101908. [PMID: 38432400 PMCID: PMC10944007 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause adversely impacts systemic energy metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic disease(s) including hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Dosing female mice with vinyl cyclohexene dioxide (VCD) selectively causes follicular atresia in ovaries, leading to a murine menopause-like phenotype. METHODS In this study, we treated female C57BL6/J mice with VCD (160 mg/kg i.p. for 20 consecutive days followed by verification of the lack of estrous cycling) to investigate changes in body composition, energy expenditure (EE), hepatic mitochondrial function, and hepatic steatosis across different dietary conditions. RESULTS VCD treatment induced ovarian follicular loss and increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in female mice, mimicking a menopause-like phenotype. VCD treatment did not affect body composition, or EE in mice on a low-fat diet (LFD) or in response to a short-term (1-week) high-fat, high sucrose diet (HFHS). However, the transition to a HFHS lowered cage activity in VCD mice. A chronic HFHS diet (16 weeks) significantly increased weight gain, fat mass, and hepatic steatosis in VCD-treated mice compared to HFHS-fed controls. In the liver, VCD mice showed suppressed hepatic mitochondrial respiration on LFD, while chronic HFHS resulted in compensatory increases in hepatic mitochondrial respiration. Also, liver RNA sequencing revealed that VCD promoted global upregulation of hepatic lipid/cholesterol synthesis pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the VCD-induced menopause model compromises hepatic mitochondrial function and lipid/cholesterol homeostasis that sets the stage for HFHS diet-induced steatosis while also increasing susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumari
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael E Ponte
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Edziu Franczak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John C Prom
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Maura F O'Neil
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mihaela E Sardiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew J Lutkewitte
- KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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3
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Engin A. Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of Risk Factors and Current Clinical Evaluation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:767-819. [PMID: 39287872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Additionally, obese and postmenopausal women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality compared with non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens, excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia, and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. Genetic evaluation is an integral part of diagnosis and treatment for patients with breast cancer. Despite trimodality therapy, the four-year cumulative incidence of regional recurrence is significantly higher. Axillary lymph nodes as well as primary lesions have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance for the management of breast cancer. In clinical setting, because of the obese population primary lesions and enlarged lymph nodes could be less palpable, the diagnosis may be challenging due to misinterpretation of physical findings. Thereby, a nomogram has been created as the "Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System" (BI-RADS) to increase agreement and decision-making consistency between mammography and ultrasonography (USG) experts. Additionally, the "breast density classification system," "artificial intelligence risk scores," ligand-targeted receptor probes," "digital breast tomosynthesis," "diffusion-weighted imaging," "18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography," and "dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)" are important techniques for the earlier detection of breast cancers and to reduce false-positive results. A high concordance between estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status evaluated in preoperative percutaneous core needle biopsy and surgical specimens is demonstrated. Breast cancer surgery has become increasingly conservative; however, mastectomy may be combined with any axillary procedures, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and/or axillary lymph node dissection whenever is required. As a rule, SLNB-guided axillary dissection in breast cancer patients who have clinically axillary lymph node-positive to node-negative conversion following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended, because lymphedema is the most debilitating complication after any axillary surgery. There is no clear consensus on the optimal treatment of occult breast cancer, which is much discussed today. Similarly, the current trend in metastatic breast cancer is that the main palliative treatment option is systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Price SAL, Finch S, Krejany E, Jiang H, Kale A, Domchek S, Wrede D, Wark JD, Hickey M. WHAM-A Prospective Study of Weight and Body Composition After Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e397-e405. [PMID: 37410931 PMCID: PMC10735279 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body weight and composition may change over the natural menopause transition. Whether surgical menopause has similar effects, and the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), are unknown. Understanding the metabolic effects of surgical menopause will inform clinical care. OBJECTIVE To prospectively measure weight and body composition over 24 months following surgical menopause compared with a similar comparison group who retained their ovaries. METHODS Prospective observational study of weight change from baseline to 24 months in 95 premenopausal women at elevated risk of ovarian cancer planning risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and 99 comparators who retained their ovaries. Change in body composition from baseline to 24 months was also assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in a subgroup of 54 women who underwent RRSO and 81 comparators who retained their ovaries. In the subgroup, weight, fat mass, lean mass, and abdominal fat measures were compared between groups. RESULTS At 24 months both groups had gained weight (RRSO 2760 ± 4860 g vs comparators 1620 ± 4540 g) with no difference between groups (mean difference 730 g; 95% CI 920 g to 2380 g; P = .383). In the body composition subgroup, there was no difference in weight between groups at 24 months (mean difference 944 g; 95% CI -1120 g to 2614 g; P = .431). RRSO women may have gained slightly more abdominal visceral adipose tissue (mean difference 99.0 g; 95% CI 8.8 g to 189.2 g; P = .032) but there were no other differences in body composition. There were also no differences in weight or body composition between HRT users and nonusers at 24 months. CONCLUSION 24 months after RRSO, there was no difference in body weight compared with women who retained their ovaries. RRSO women gained more abdominal visceral adipose tissue than comparators, but there were no other differences in body composition. Use of HRT following RRSO had no effect on these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A L Price
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Finch
- Statistical Consulting Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Efrosinia Krejany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qindao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Ashwini Kale
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Bone and Mineral Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Susan Domchek
- Basser Centre for BRCA, Department of Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Wrede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
- Bone and Mineral Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
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Kumari R, Ponte ME, Franczak E, Prom JC, O'Neil MF, Sardiu ME, Lutkewitte AJ, Shankar K, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. VCD-induced menopause mouse model reveals reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.14.571644. [PMID: 38168213 PMCID: PMC10760158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Menopause adversely impacts systemic energy metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic disease(s) including hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Dosing female mice with vinyl cyclohexene dioxide (VCD) selectively causes follicular atresia in ovaries, leading to a murine menopause-like phenotype. In this study, we treated female C57BL6/J mice with VCD (160mg/kg i.p. for 20 consecutive days followed by verification of the lack of estrous cycling) to investigate changes in body composition, energy expenditure (EE), hepatic mitochondrial function, and hepatic steatosis across different dietary conditions. VCD treatment induced ovarian follicular loss and increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in female mice, mimicking a menopause-like phenotype. VCD treatment did not affect body composition, or EE in mice on a low-fat diet or in response to a short-term (1-week) high-fat, high sucrose diet (HFHS). However, the transition to a HFHS lowered cage activity in VCD mice. A chronic HFHS diet (16 weeks) significantly increased weight gain, fat mass, and hepatic steatosis in VCD-treated mice compared to HFHS-fed controls. In the liver, VCD mice showed suppressed hepatic mitochondrial respiration on LFD, while chronic HFHS diet resulted in compensatory increases in hepatic mitochondrial respiration. Also, liver RNA sequencing revealed that VCD promoted global upregulation of hepatic lipid/cholesterol synthesis pathways. Our findings suggest that the VCD- induced menopause model compromises hepatic mitochondrial function and lipid/cholesterol homeostasis that sets the stage for HFHS diet-induced steatosis while also increasing susceptibility to obesity.
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Opoku AA, Abushama M, Konje JC. Obesity and menopause. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023:102348. [PMID: 37244787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The global obesity pandemic continues to rise, with figures from the World Health Organization showing that 13% of the world's adult population was obese in 2016. Obesity has significant implications, with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and several malignancies. The menopausal transition is associated with increased obesity, a transition from a gynecoid to an android body shape, and increased abdominal and visceral fat, which further worsens the associated cardiometabolic risks. Whether this increased obesity is a consequence of menopause, age, genetics, or environmental factors has long been debated. Increasing life expectancy means women spend a significant part of their lives in the menopause. As such, understanding this complex interplay of obesity and menopause is important to providing the right advice/management. We review the current evidence on obesity and menopause, focusing on the implications of increased obesity during menopause, the impact of menopause on obesity, and the effect of available treatments on associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Opoku
- Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra Hospital, P O Box 82228, Al Wakra, Qatar; Assistant Professor in Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell, Medicine, P O Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mandy Abushama
- Assistant Professor in Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar; Senior Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Feto Maternal Center, Al Markhiya, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Senior Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Feto Maternal Center, Al Markhiya, Doha, Qatar; Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar; Emeritus Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Zhu J, Zhang L, Ji M, Jin B, Shu J. Elevated adipose differentiation-related protein level in ovariectomized mice correlates with tissue-specific regulation of estrogen. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:1173-1179. [PMID: 36772863 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Redistribution of adipose tissue in the abdomen during the menopausal transition is attributable mostly to estrogen drop with aging. Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a major component of lipid droplets, is closely related to the onset of lipid accumulation. We hypothesized that estrogen exerted its tissue-specific effect in reducing abdominal fat accumulation by regulation of ADRP. METHODS Twenty-four female C57/BL6 mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation (Sham), bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), and OVX plus 17β-estradiol (OVX + E2). After being fed 8 weeks of a high-fat diet, plasma lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, body weight gain, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipocyte size, and ADRP expression were measured. RESULTS In comparison to sham-operated mice, OVX mice presented a weight gain with higher plasma TC, TG, LDL-C levels, and lower HDL-C levels. E2 supplement ameliorated the increase in weight and lipid profiles. Elevated ADRP expression was observed in visceral adipose tissue of OVX mice, whereas treatment of estrogen suppressed the ADPR expression and reversed the fat accumulation in the abdomen. However, no significant difference of ADRP expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was detected between sham, OVX, and OVX + E2 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that enhanced ADRP expression in ovariectomized mice correlates with the tissue-specific regulation of estrogen, which may provide useful clues for further exploring the regulatory mechanism and corresponding anti-abdominal obesity treatment in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Ji
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bihui Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Plasma circulating microRNAs associated with obesity, body fat distribution, and fat mass: the Rotterdam Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:2137-2144. [PMID: 36216908 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Limited studies have investigated the association of circulating miRNAs with obesity and body fat distribution and their link to obesity-related diseases using population-based data. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide profile of circulating miRNAs in plasma, collected between 2002 and 2005, in 1208 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. Obesity and body fat distribution were measured as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), android-fat to gynoid-fat ratio (AGR), and fat mass index (FMI) measured by anthropometrics and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association of 591 miRNAs well-expressed in plasma with these traits adjusted for potential covariates. We further sought for the association of identified miRNAs with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the Rotterdam study and previous publications. RESULTS Plasma levels of 65 miRNAs were associated with BMI, 40 miRNAs with WHR, 65 miRNAs with FMI, and 15 miRNAs with AGR surpassing the Bonferroni-corrected P < 8.46 × 10-5. Of these, 12 miRNAs were significantly associated with all traits, while four miRNAs were associated only with WHR, three miRNAs only with FMI, and miR-378i was associated only with AGR. The most significant association among the overlapping miRNAs was with miR-193a-5p, which was shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis in the Rotterdam Study. Moreover, five of the obesity-associated miRNAs and two of the body fat distribution miRNAs have been correlated previously to cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that plasma levels of several miRNAs are associated with obesity and body fat distribution which could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and may have the biomarker potential for obesity-related diseases.
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Grant LK, Coborn JE, Cohn A, Nathan MD, Scheer FAJL, Klerman EB, Kaiser UB, Harder J, Abramson M, Elguenaoui E, Russell JA, Wiley A, Rahman SA, Joffe H. Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Suppression Decrease Fat Oxidation in Premenopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3167-e3176. [PMID: 35569055 PMCID: PMC9282266 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body fat gain associated with menopause has been attributed to estradiol (E2) withdrawal. Hypoestrogenism is unlikely to be the only contributing factor, however. OBJECTIVE Given the links between sleep and metabolic health, we examined the effects of an experimental menopausal model of sleep fragmentation on energy metabolism. METHODS Twenty premenopausal women (age 21-45 years) underwent a 5-night inpatient study during the mid-to-late follicular phase (estrogenized; n = 20) and the same protocol was repeated in a subset of the participants (n = 9) following leuprolide-induced E2 suppression (hypo-estrogenized). During each 5-night study, there were 2 nights of unfragmented sleep followed by 3 nights of fragmented sleep. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess fasted resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation. RESULTS Sleep fragmentation in the estrogenized state increased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and carbohydrate oxidation while decreasing fat oxidation (all P < 0.01). Similarly, in the hypo-estrogenized state without sleep fragmentation, RER and carbohydrate oxidation increased and fat oxidation decreased (all P < 0.01); addition of sleep fragmentation to the hypo-estrogenized state did not produce further effects beyond that observed for either intervention alone (P < 0.05). There were no effects of either sleep fragmentation or E2 state on REE. CONCLUSION Sleep fragmentation and hypoestrogenism each independently alter fasting substrate oxidation in a manner that may contribute to body fat gain. These findings are important for understanding mechanisms underlying propensity to body fat gain in women across the menopause transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilah K Grant
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie E Coborn
- Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviva Cohn
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margo D Nathan
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Harder
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mathena Abramson
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elkhansaa Elguenaoui
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia A Russell
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleta Wiley
- Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Women’s Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hadine Joffe
- Correspondence: Dr. Hadine Joffe, MD, MSc, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Thorn 1111, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email
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Ceccarelli I, Bioletti L, Peparini S, Solomita E, Ricci C, Casini I, Miceli E, Aloisi AM. Estrogens and phytoestrogens in body functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:648-663. [PMID: 34890602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different phases of life, e.g. during puberty, pregnancy or at menopause/andropause. Phytoestrogens are natural non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds that can mimic the activity of estrogens and their beneficial effects in women and in men. This narrative review summarizes the literature on the physiological role of estrogens and the several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, with particular attention given to the possible role of phytoestrogens in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Bioletti
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sofia Peparini
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Erminia Solomita
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Comasia Ricci
- Department Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Casini
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aloisi
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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11
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Tjahajawati S, Rafisa A, Gumilar KN, Nurzanah F, Rikmasari R. The Impact of Pregnancy and Menopause on the Correlation Between Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:324-331. [PMID: 34268195 PMCID: PMC8257019 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Evaluate the impact of pregnancy and menopause on the correlation between salivary calcium levels, calcium intake, and bleeding on probing (BOP), so it can be used as indicators to determine the oral health status of pregnant and menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach. Participants included 26 menopausal women, 24 pregnant women, and 35 control subjects. Salivary calcium levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and calcium intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Other supporting data included height, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose level, salivary pH, and volume. Results: The mean salivary calcium levels of pregnant women (0.72 ± 0.61 mmol/L) were lower than those of control subjects (1.69 ± 0.81 mmol/L), but the mean salivary calcium levels of menopausal women were higher (1.99 ± 1.24 mmol/L). Most of the subjects in all three groups had inadequate calcium intake. The mean BOP values of pregnant and menopausal women were higher than those of the control subjects. This study found the only variable that correlated with the salivary calcium level was the menopausal group’s blood glucose level (P = 0.009). Conclusions: Pregnancy and menopause did not have an impact on the relationship between salivary calcium levels and BOP but had an impact on the relationship between salivary calcium levels and calcium intake. Calcium intake did not affect salivary calcium levels in both conditions when compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Tjahajawati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Anggun Rafisa
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Fitri Nurzanah
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rasmi Rikmasari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
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Stahr S, Chiang T, Bauer MA, Runnells GA, Rogers LJ, Vi Do H, Kadlubar SA, Joseph Su L. Low‑Level Environmental Heavy Metals are Associated with Obesity Among Postmenopausal Women in a Southern State. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2021; 13:269-280. [PMID: 34337191 PMCID: PMC8323941 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-020-00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Both arsenic and cadmium are reported to be toxic to humans. The use of saliva as a biomarker of low-level exposures to these elements has not been adequately explored, and the putative relationship between exposure and obesity is unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between salivary arsenic and cadmium concentrations and their association with obesity. Arsenic and cadmium concentrations were analyzed in human saliva samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry on 270 randomly selected women who participated in the Arkansas Rural Community Health Study. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between heavy metal concentrations and obesity. Stratified logistic regression was performed based on menopausal status. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate weight gain velocity. Significant positive associations were observed in postmenopausal women for both arsenic (OR = 4.43, 95% CI 1.91-10.28) and cadmium (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.23-5.99) concentrations, as well as significant trends among tertiles (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). No relationship with obesity was evident among premenopausal women for either metal. A dose-response relationship was observed between increasing weight gain velocity and increasing metal concentrations. At concentrations well below governmental and industrial standards for acute toxicity, significant associations between obesity and concentration of these heavy metals are evident. The rate at which individuals gain weight is affected by metal concentrations and may play a role in the rapid increase in weight in postmenopausal women. These results might explain, in part, the missing variability in the increasing obesity pandemic in certain population exposed to these environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelbie Stahr
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Slot #601, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Tung‑chin Chiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, # 820, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Michael A. Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4018 W Capitol Ave, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Gail A. Runnells
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. # 820, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lora J. Rogers
- COPH Department of Epidemiology Slot 721-21, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4104 Outpatient Circle, Little Rock, AR 72205-7101, USA
| | - Huyen Vi Do
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. # 820, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Susan A. Kadlubar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, # 820, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. # 820, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Jang HJ, Oh H. Trends and Inequalities in Overall and Abdominal Obesity by Sociodemographic Factors in Korean Adults, 1998-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084162. [PMID: 33920007 PMCID: PMC8070993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have comprehensively examined the nationwide trends in overall and abdominal obesity prevalence and related sociodemographic inequalities in Korea. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2018, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of overall (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm men, ≥85 cm women) in each sociodemographic subgroup of Korean adults (aged 19–79 years). For each survey year, weighted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity prevalence and sociodemographic factors. During the study period, the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity increased in men (24.8% to 42.4%; 20.1% to 32.1%; respectively) but only a small change was observed in women (26.5% to 26.0%; 22.7% to 20.9%; respectively). Obesity prevalence increased in all sociodemographic groups of men but varied across groups in women. In women, income (4th vs. 1st quartiles in 2016–2018: OR (95% CI) = 0.66 (0.56–0.78) overall obesity; 0.60 (0.51–0.71) abdominal obesity) and education (college or higher vs. high school or less: 0.62 (0.54–0.72) overall obesity; 0.58 (0.50–0.68) abdominal obesity) were inversely associated with obesity prevalence, and the gaps became more pronounced since 2007. Our data suggest that the inequalities in obesity prevalence by sex and by socioeconomic status have become more apparent over time in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-5678
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Liu W, Wu Z, Zhu D, Chen G, Yan G, Zhang S, Chen F, Khan BA, Hou K. Vitamin D and Lipid Profiles in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:799934. [PMID: 34977158 PMCID: PMC8719197 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.799934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is known that hyperlipidemia and low vitamin D level are risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effect of vitamin D administration on lipid profiles in postmenopausal women remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on lipid profiles in postmenopausal women based on meta-analysis and systemic review. Methods: The literature search was performed in multiple databases (Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase) from 1997 to 2021. The statistical analysis was performed using the Stata software version 14 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, United States). The effects of vitamin D administration of the lipid profiles, including Triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), and Total Cholesterol (TC) were evaluated by the Der Simonian and Laird random effects model. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: The level of TG changed significantly by -3.76 mg/dl (CI: -6.12 to -1.39, p = 0.004) and HDL-C by 0.48 mg/dl (CI: -0.80 to -0.15, p = 0.004) in vitamin D administration group [11 eligible trials (placebo = 505 participants, vitamin D intervention = 604 participants)] compared to the control group in the postmenopausal women. Taking into account this comparison between groups, in contrast, the level of LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: 0.73 mg/dl, 95% CI: -1.88, 3.36, p = 0.583) and TC (WMD: 0.689 mg/dl, CI: -3.059 to 4.438, p = 0.719) did not change significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, the vitamin D administration in postmenopausal women, decreased the concentrations of TG, and HDL-C, but have no effects on LDL-C and TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zezhen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Genben Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chaoan District People’s Hospital, Chaozhou, China
| | - Guiming Yan
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Fengwu Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetics Lab (DDCL), GCPS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kaijian Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaijian Hou,
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Shirazi M, Khodakarami F, Feizabad E, Ghaemi M. The effects of nigella sativa on anthropometric and biochemical indices in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine 2020; 69:49-52. [PMID: 32236818 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the nigella sativa vs. placebo effect on anthropometric and biochemical indices in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted as a third-phase trial among 140 menopausal women within the age of 45-60 years old, who were suffering from metabolic syndrome and were assigned to receive 500 mg nigella sativa or placebo pill once daily. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters including body weight, waist circumference, serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1C were measured at baseline and 8 weeks after administration the ingredient or placebo. RESULTS In nigella sativa group, the serum markers such as low-density lipoprotein (115.1 ± 17.6 vs. 127.7 ± 12.6), triglyceride (158.3 ± 14.0 vs. 166.7 ± 16.0), total cholesterol (115.1 ± 17.6 vs. 127.7 ± 12.6), and fasting blood sugar (90.8 ± 16.9 vs. 113.7 ± 12.1) decreased significantly compared with the placebo (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Administration of nigella sativa might be recommended for improving lipid profile and blood sugar in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Shirazi
- Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Reproductive Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khodakarami
- Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Feizabad
- Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghaemi
- Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Kamali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Lissarassa YPS, Vincensi CF, Costa-Beber LC, Dos Santos AB, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Dos Santos JB, Donato YH, Wildner G, Homem de Bittencourt Júnior PI, Frizzo MN, Heck TG, Ludwig MS. Chronic heat treatment positively impacts metabolic profile of ovariectomized rats: association with heat shock response pathways. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:467-479. [PMID: 32215846 PMCID: PMC7192980 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Low estrogen levels may predispose women to increased bodyweight and dyslipidemia. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest an involvement of depressed heat shock response (HSR) in this scenario because estrogen potently stimulates HSR. As heat treatment induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory heat shock proteins of the 70-kDa family (HSP70) and its accompanying HSR, we aimed to investigate whether chronic heat treatment promotes beneficial effects on biometric, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and HSR in ovariectomized rats. Wistar adult female rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: control (C, n = 7), ovariectomized (OVX, n = 9), heat-treated (HT, n = 9), and heat-treated ovariectomized rats (OVX+HT, n = 7). HT and OVX+HT rats were anesthetized and submitted to heat treatment (once a week for 12 weeks) in a water bath (41 °C) to increase rats' rectal temperature up to 41 °C for 15 min, while C and OVX animals were submitted to a 36 °C water bath. HT attenuated the weight gain induced by OVX and increased HDL cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels. Also, OVX rats showed increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels that were not influenced by HT. Interestingly, it was found that an overall trend for HT to decrease tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activities was paralleled by a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (indicative of lower lipoperoxidation), especially in the skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, OVX was not able to depress intracellular HSP70 expression in the skeletal muscle, as expected, and this remained unchanged with HT. However, chronic HT did enhance intracellular HSP70 contents in white adipose tissue of OVX animals. As both glucose and insulin tolerance tests were not affected by OVX, which was not modified by HT, we suppose that estrogen absence alone is not sufficient to determine a state of insulin resistance associated with low intramuscular HSP70 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Picinin Sandri Lissarassa
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Carolain Felipin Vincensi
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Borges Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Yohanna Hannnah Donato
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Wildner
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
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18
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Yang K, Li Y, Xue Y, Wang L, Liu X, Tu R, Dong X, Mao Z, Li W, Wang C. Association of the frequency of spicy food intake and the risk of abdominal obesity in rural Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028736. [PMID: 31712332 PMCID: PMC6858110 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent data relating to the association between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity are limited, especially in low-income areas. Therefore, the study explored the relationship between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity, and assessed the role of energy intake as a mediator of these associations in a rural Chinese adult population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Rural Chinese adult population. PARTICIPANTS Subjects from Henan Rural Cohort Study (n=28 773). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The effects of spicy food intake frequency on abdominal obesity were analysed by restricted cubic spline and logistic regression, and the mediation effect was analysed using the bootstrap method. RESULTS The adjusted percentages of abdominal obesity were 47.32%, 51.93%, 50.66% and 50.29% in the spicy food intake subgroups of never, 1-2 day/week, 3-5 day/week and 6-7 day/week, respectively. An inverse U-shaped association was found between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity (p<0.01). Compared with subjects who never consumed spicy food, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the 1-2 day/week, 3-5 day/week and 6-7 day/week subgroups were 1.186 (1.093, 1.287), 1.127 (1.038, 1.224) and 1.104 (1.044, 1.169), respectively. Furthermore, the increased odd of abdominal obesity related to more frequent spicy food intake was mediated by higher fat energy intake; the direct and indirect effects were 1.107 (1.053, 1.164) and 1.007 (1.003, 1.012), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that spicy food intake increased the risk of abdominal obesity, and fat energy intake may be a mediator of this association in rural Chinese populations. Clarifying the mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for abdominal obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-OOC-15006699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang F, Wang K, Du X, Deng H, Wu HE, Yin G, Ning Y, Huang X, Teixeira AL, de Quevedo J, Soares JC, Li X, Lang X, Zhang XY. Sex difference in the association of body mass index and BDNF levels in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:753-762. [PMID: 30456540 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia displays sex differences in many aspects. Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported to be associated with high body weight or obesity as well as other psychopathological aspects in schizophrenia patients. This study aimed to explore sex differences in the relationship between serum BDNF levels and obesity in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited 132 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia (98 males and 34 females) and compared sex differences in the body mass index (BMI), obesity, serum BDNF levels, and their associations. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A regression model with various demographic and clinical variables was applied to predict the serum levels of BDNF. RESULTS Female patients had a higher rate of obesity and higher BMI, but lower BDNF levels than male schizophrenia patients. A significantly negative correlation was observed between BMI and BDNF levels only in female patients but not in male patients. The multiple regression model with demographic and clinical variables significantly predicted BDNF levels only in female patients, with a medium size effect. And only in female patients, BMI made a significant contribution to this prediction. CONCLUSION Our results indicate significant sex differences in the obesity, BMI, BDNF levels, and their association in chronic patients with schizophrenia, showing a significant inverse correlation between BMI and BDNF levels only in female patients. Thus, sex needs to be considered when assessing the relationship between BDNF and metabolic syndromes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keming Wang
- Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiqiong Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanjing Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João de Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang Southern Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Inhibitor of Differentiation-3 and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors: Implications for Susceptibility to Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6821601. [PMID: 29507860 PMCID: PMC5817379 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6821601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rising global incidence of obesity cannot be fully explained within the context of traditional risk factors such as an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, aging, or genetics. Adipose tissue is an endocrine as well as a metabolic organ that may be susceptible to disruption by environmental estrogenic chemicals. Since some of the endocrine disruptors are lipophilic chemicals with long half-lives, they tend to bioaccumulate in the adipose tissue of exposed populations. Elevated exposure to these chemicals may predispose susceptible individuals to weight gain by increasing the number and size of fat cells. Genetic studies have demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3) promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in vivo. We have shown previously that PCB153 and natural estrogen 17β-estradiol increase ID3 expression. Based on our findings, we postulate that ID3 is a molecular target of estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in the adipose tissue and a better understanding of this relationship may help to explain how EEDs can lead to the transcriptional programming of deviant fat cells. This review will discuss the current understanding of ID3 in excess fat accumulation and the potential for EEDs to influence susceptibility to obesity or metabolic disorders via ID3 signaling.
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Shin KA. The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and High Sensitive C-reactive Protein in Abdominal Obesity Elderly Women. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Shin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University, Dangjin, Korea
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Is waist circumference ≥102/88cm better than body mass index ≥30 to predict hypertension and diabetes development regardless of gender, age group, and race/ethnicity? Meta-analysis. Prev Med 2017; 97:100-108. [PMID: 28137662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Between body mass index (BMI) ≥30 and waist circumference (WC) ≥102/88cm, we investigated which of the two measures is a better predictor of two of the most common chronic diseases - diabetes mellitus and hypertension while also examining differential association by gender, age group, and race/ethnicity. Meta-analysis was conducted for all longitudinal studies with at least 12months of follow-up published up to April 2015. Ratio of relative risk (rRR) and relative risk of diseases were computed and compared by baseline obesity measurement. The final sample included 23 longitudinal observation studies involving 62 study arms with 259,200 individuals. WC≥102/88cm was a better predictor than BMI≥30 for development of diabetes (rRR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68-0.96), but not for hypertension (rRR=0.92, 95% CI=0.80-1.06). Subgroup analyses showed WC≥102/88cm was a better predictor for diabetes in women than men, and for ages 60 and older than other ages. Only WC≥102/88cm, not BMI≥30, predicted development of hypertension among Hispanic/Latinos. Neither BMI≥30 nor WC≥102/88cm were significant predictors of hypertension when age group was controlled. Central obesity may be a more serious risk factor for diabetes development in women and for older ages. The predictive power of BMI≥30 or WC≥102/88cm in hypertension development should not be emphasized as either could mask the effect of age.
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Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis of risk factors in revision spine surgery using a prospectively collected database. OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of developing early (30-day) complications across obesity level after adjusting for comorbidities in patients undergoing revision spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Prior studies suggest obesity influences early complications after primary surgery. The association between obesity and early complications after revision surgery remains to be characterized. METHODS Data were abstracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2012. Adult Caucasian patients undergoing removal/revision of instrumentation or exploration of fusion were included. Patients were categorized by WHO body mass index (BMI, kg/m): Non-Obese (18.5-29.9), Obese Class I (30-34.9), and Obese Class II/III (≥35). Univariate regression was performed to assess the predictive value of obesity level and baseline risk factors in the presence of at least one early complication, and significant predictors were entered into the multivariable model. RESULTS Of 2538 patients, 57.6% were nonobese, 23% Obese Class I, and 19.4% Obese Class II/III. Obesity was associated with diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3-4 (all P < 0.001). BMI group (P = 0.01), older age (P = 0.008), functional dependence (P < 0.001), ASA 3-4 (P = 0.008), bleeding disorder (P = 0.04), and diabetes (P = 0.016) were identified as univariate predictors for early complications. In the multivariable model, higher BMI (P = 0.04), older age (P = 0.014), and functional dependence (P < 0.001) remained significant predictors for early complications. Notably, patients who were Obese Class II/III (OR 1.66, 95% CI [1.12-2.45]), age ≥75 (OR 1.83, [1.20-2.81]), and functionally dependent (OR 3.02 [1.85-4.94]) had significantly higher risk compared with their reference groups. CONCLUSION Obesity is an independent risk factor for early complications after revision spine surgery. Although obesity may not contraindicate revision surgery, its status as a modifiable risk factor warrants disclosure and preoperative counseling to optimize outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Mitra S, Nayak PK, Agrawal S, Sahoo JP, Kamalanathan S, Nanda R. Vitamin D Status and Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Indian Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:QC17-20. [PMID: 27134948 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17839.7438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of chronic and non-communicable health disorders like cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide including in India. The various risk factors for these health issues need to be addressed. The role of vitamin D deficiency in the causation of all these abnormal health conditions among postmenopausal women is a matter of debate now-a-days. AIM To determine the correlation of serum vitamin D levels with various cardio-metabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women (PMW). MATERIALS AND METHODS Total of 64 PMW were included in this cross-sectional study. Clinical (waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure) and biochemical (fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D levels) parameters were measured. MetS was defined using modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) guidelines. Serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D levels <50 nmol/l, between 52.5-72.5 nmol/l and >75 nmol/l were classified as deficient, insufficient and sufficient, respectively. RESULTS MetS was prevalent in 33 (52%) subjects. There were no differences in serum vitamin D levels or proportion of vitamin D deficient individuals in those with and without MetS. 33 women (52%) had vitamin D deficiency. Cardio-metabolic risk profile was similar in both vitamin D deficient and replete women. CONCLUSION Despite a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and MetS in Indian PMW, serum vitamin D concentrations do not correlate with the cardio-metabolic risk factors or MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Mitra
- Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Raipur, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Raipur, India
| | - Sarita Agrawal
- Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Raipur, India
| | - Jaya Prakash Sahoo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
| | - Rachita Nanda
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Raipur, India
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Shrivastava U, Misra A, Gupta R, Viswanathan V. Socioeconomic factors relating to diabetes and its management in India. J Diabetes 2016; 8:12-23. [PMID: 26019052 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an escalating problem in India and has major socioeconomic dimensions. Rapid dietary changes coupled with decreased levels of physical activity have resulted in increases in obesity and diabetes in rural and semi-urban areas, as well as in urban-based people living in resettlement colonies. Increasing risk has also been recorded in those who suffered from poor childhood nutrition and in rural-to-urban migrants. Social inequity manifests in disparities in socioeconomic status (SES), place of residence, education, gender, and level of awareness and affects prevention, care, and management. All these population subsets have major socioeconomic challenges: low levels of awareness regarding diabetes and prevention, inadequate resources, insufficient allotment of healthcare budgets, and lack of medical reimbursement. Unawareness and delays in seeking medical help lead to complications, resulting in many-fold increased costs in diabetes care. These costs plunge individuals and households into a vicious cycle of further economic hardship, inadequate management, and premature mortality, resulting in more economic losses. At the societal level, these are massive losses to national productivity and the exchequer. Overall, there is an immediate need to strengthen the healthcare delivery system to generate awareness and for the prevention, early detection, cost-effective management, and rehabilitation of patients with diabetes, with a focus on people belonging to the lower SES and women (with a particular focus on nutrition before and during pregnancy). Because of an enhanced awareness campaign spearheaded through the National Program on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes and Stroke (NCPCDS) initiated by Government of India, it is likely that the level of awareness and early detection of diabetes may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Shrivastava
- Centre for Public Health India, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Centre for Public Health India, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- Fortis-Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Disorders (C-DOC) Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Fortis Escorts Hospital, JLN Marg, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- M.V. Hospital for Diabetes, Chennai, India
- Profesoor M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education and Training in Diabetes), Chennai, India
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Balogun KA, Cheema SK. Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevented Adipocyte Hypertrophy by Downregulating DGAT-2 and FABP-4 in a Sex-Dependent Fashion. Lipids 2015; 51:25-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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El Khoudary SR, Shields KJ, Janssen I, Hanley C, Budoff MJ, Barinas-Mitchell E, Everson-Rose SA, Powell LH, Matthews KA. Cardiovascular Fat, Menopause, and Sex Hormones in Women: The SWAN Cardiovascular Fat Ancillary Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3304-12. [PMID: 26176800 PMCID: PMC4570161 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular risk increases in women after menopause. Mounting evidence demonstrates a role of cardiovascular fat (CF) in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, but no research has examined CF in relation to sex hormones or menopausal status in women. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the relationship between CF depots, menopausal status, and endogenous sex hormones. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs were used. SETTING The setting included the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Heart and Cardiovascular Fat Ancillary Study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 456 women (mean age, 50.75 y); 62% premenopausal/early perimenopausal, and 38% late peri-/postmenopausal. INTERVENTION Menopausal status, endogenous sex hormones measured simultaneously with CF volumes, and circulating estradiol available 4.80 years (median) before CF measures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Volumes of CF (epicardial adipose tissue [EAT], paracardial adipose tissue [PAT], total heart adipose tissue [TAT = EAT + PAT], and aortic perivascular adipose tissue [PVAT]). RESULTS In final models, late peri-/postmenopausal women had 9.88% more EAT, 20.72% more PAT, and 11.69% more TAT volumes than pre-/early perimenopausal women (P < .05). PVAT was not associated with menopausal status. In final models, lower estradiol concentrations were associated with greater volumes of PAT and TAT (P < .05). Women with the greatest reduction in estradiol since baseline had greater volumes of PAT compared to women with the least reduction (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Late peri-/postmenopausal women have greater volumes of heart fat compared with pre-/early perimenopausal women independent of age, obesity, and other covariates. Endogenous sex hormones are associated with CF. Perhaps CF plays a role in the higher risk of coronary heart disease reported in women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R El Khoudary
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Kelly J Shields
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Imke Janssen
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Carrie Hanley
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Susan A Everson-Rose
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Lynda H Powell
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Karen A Matthews
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E.K., C.H., E.B.-M., K.A.M.), Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Lupus Center of Excellence (K.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; Rush University Medical Center (I.J., L.H.P.), Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (M.J.B.), Division of Cardiology, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Medicine, Program in Health Disparities Research and Center for Health Equity (S.A.E.-R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414; and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Kotsopoulos J, Lubinski J, Neuhausen SL, Gronwald J, Lynch HT, Huzarski T, Demsky R, Foulkes WD, Senter L, Friedman S, Ainsworth P, Sun P, Narod SA. Weight gain after oophorectomy among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:453-9. [PMID: 26258912 DOI: 10.2217/whe.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To measure weight gain among unaffected women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation after undergoing an oophorectomy. PATIENTS & METHODS We compared the bodyweight of women with (n = 405) and without an oophorectomy (n = 741) at baseline as well as the rate of weight change prior to and following surgery among 1454 BRCA mutation carriers who had an oophorectomy. RESULTS There was a small and non-significant difference in bodyweight between BRCA mutation carriers who had an oophorectomy compared with those women who did not (151.5 vs 149.1 pounds; p = 0.26). There was an increase in bodyweight with increasing age, but this relationship did not differ prior to and following surgery (p comparing the slope parameters = 0.78). CONCLUSION Oophorectomy is not associated with significant weight gain in high-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Room 750, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Henry T Lynch
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rochelle Demsky
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology & Human Genetics, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Leigha Senter
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susan Friedman
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Anatomic Pathology, & Experimental Therapeutics, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Peter Ainsworth
- London Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Ping Sun
- Women's College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Room 750, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Room 750, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
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Tanaka NI, Hanawa S, Murakami H, Cao ZB, Tanimoto M, Sanada K, Miyachi M. Accuracy of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis for predicting body composition in pre- and postmenopausal women. J Clin Densitom 2015; 18:252-9. [PMID: 25174687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the accuracy for predicting body composition using single-frequent segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) between pre- and postmenopausal women. A total f 559 Japanese women aged 30-88yr were divided into 4 groups by questionnaire: natural menopause, pathological menopause, regular menstruation, or irregular menstruation. The measurement values by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used as a reference of the body composition. In terms of the results, regardless of the menopausal status, BIA slightly but significantly overestimated the percentage of body fat (standard error of estimate: 5.3%-6.7%) and the leg lean soft tissue mass (LSTM; 5.1%-6.1%), and underestimated the LSTM in the whole body (6.2%-7.6%) and arm (2.8%-3.7%). The absolute values of the predictive error for leg LSTM were significantly higher in postmenopausal groups than in the premenopausal ones. The corresponding values for the whole body and arm LSTM, and the percentage of body fat were higher in premenopausal groups than in postmenopausal ones. In conclusion, the predictive accuracy of BIA for postmenopausal women is not inferior to that for premenopausal ones, unless we target the leg LSTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko I Tanaka
- Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hanawa
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michiya Tanimoto
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Kinokawa-shi, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Shin KA. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome according to Menopausal Status: The 5th Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2014.46.3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Shin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University, Dangjin 343-861, Korea
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Obesity and associated lifestyle in a large sample of multi-morbid German primary care attendees. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102587. [PMID: 25036102 PMCID: PMC4103827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and the accompanying increased morbidity and mortality risk is highly prevalent among older adults. As obese elderly might benefit from intentional weight reduction, it is necessary to determine associated and potentially modifiable factors on senior obesity. This cross-sectional study focuses on multi-morbid patients which make up the majority in primary care. It reports on the prevalence of senior obesity and its associations with lifestyle behaviors. Methods A total of 3,189 non-demented, multi-morbid participants aged 65–85 years were recruited in primary care within the German MultiCare-study. Physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and quantity and quality of nutritional intake were classified as relevant lifestyle factors. Body Mass Index (BMI, general obesity) and waist circumference (WC, abdominal obesity) were used as outcome measures and regression analyses were conducted. Results About one third of all patients were classified as obese according to BMI. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 73.5%. Adjusted for socio-demographic variables and objective and subjective disease burden, participants with low physical activity had a 1.6 kg/m2 higher BMI as well as a higher WC (4.9 cm, p<0.001). Current smoking and high alcohol consumption were associated with a lower BMI and WC. In multivariate logistic regression, using elevated WC and BMI as categorical outcomes, the same pattern in lifestyle factors was observed. Only for WC, not current but former smoking was associated with a higher probability for elevated WC. Dietary intake in quantity and quality was not associated with BMI or WC in either model. Conclusions Further research is needed to clarify if the huge prevalence discrepancy between BMI and WC also reflects a difference in obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Yet, age-specific thresholds for the BMI are needed likewise. Encouraging and promoting physical activity in older adults might a starting point for weight reduction efforts.
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Effect of preventive hormonal therapy on breast density: a systematic qualitative review. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:942386. [PMID: 24895676 PMCID: PMC4032660 DOI: 10.1155/2014/942386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast density (BD) is recognized as one of the strongest independent risk factors of breast cancer (BC). Unlike most other risk factors, BD can be modified, suggesting that it may be a biomarker for preventive interventions. We conducted a qualitative systematic review to address the effect of preventive hormonal therapy on BD. Among the 26 relevant studies, 10 assessed the effect of tamoxifen on BD (TAM: n = 2 877), 9 that of raloxifene (RLX: n = 1 544), and 7 that of aromatase inhibitors (AI: n = 416). The studies were characterized by a large heterogeneity in designs and in methods of BD measurement. BD could be reduced by TAM (10 studies/10). However, the effect of RLX and AI on BD remains unclear due to conflicting results between studies. Consequently, it is crucial to develop practical, accurate, and reproducible methods of measurement in order to be able to compare the effect of preventive hormonal agents on BD and to determine whether change in BD can be used as a predictor of response to therapy.
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Lizcano F, Guzmán G. Estrogen Deficiency and the Origin of Obesity during Menopause. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:757461. [PMID: 24734243 PMCID: PMC3964739 DOI: 10.1155/2014/757461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones strongly influence body fat distribution and adipocyte differentiation. Estrogens and testosterone differentially affect adipocyte physiology, but the importance of estrogens in the development of metabolic diseases during menopause is disputed. Estrogens and estrogen receptors regulate various aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism. Disturbances of this metabolic signal lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and a higher cardiovascular risk in women. The absence of estrogens is a clue factor in the onset of cardiovascular disease during the menopausal period, which is characterized by lipid profile variations and predominant abdominal fat accumulation. However, influence of the absence of these hormones and its relationship to higher obesity in women during menopause are not clear. This systematic review discusses of the role of estrogens and estrogen receptors in adipocyte differentiation, and its control by the central nervous systemn and the possible role of estrogen-like compounds and endocrine disruptors chemicals are discussed. Finally, the interaction between the decrease in estrogen secretion and the prevalence of obesity in menopausal women is examined. We will consider if the absence of estrogens have a significant effect of obesity in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogota, Chia, Colombia ; Fundacion Cardio-Infantil Instituto de Cardiologia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Guzmán
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogota, Chia, Colombia
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Rashid NAA, Lim J, Lam M, Chong SA, Keefe RSE, Lee J. Unraveling the relationship between obesity, schizophrenia and cognition. Schizophr Res 2013; 151:107-12. [PMID: 24119725 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies investigating the relationship between obesity and cognition as well as gender differences in these relationships reported equivocal results. Here, we examined age, years of education, schizophrenia, and gender differences which might affect the relationship between obesity and cognition. METHODS 1012 healthy controls and 707 participants with schizophrenia were recruited. Information on body mass index (BMI) was obtained and a neurocognitive battery was administered. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine the relationship between BMI, schizophrenia, cognition and its covariates. RESULTS No significant direct effect of BMI on cognition was found when cognition was regressed on age, years of education, diagnosis of schizophrenia and BMI. Instead, two SEM models indicated that indirect effects between BMI and cognition exist. The indirect effect of BMI on cognition through schizophrenia was present in both genders, while the indirect effect of cognition on BMI through schizophrenia was only found in females. BMI affecting cognition through age, years of education and schizophrenia appears to be the most plausible model that explains the data. This indirect effect was larger in females and was masked by diagnosis of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION With increased rates of obesity in schizophrenia, it is important to highlight the potentially deleterious effect of obesity on cognition. BMI could be used as a candidate risk marker to identify people at higher risk of cognitive deficits, and as an intervention target for modifications of cognitive outcomes.
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Correlation of serum leptin and resistin levels with the metabolic risk factors of pre- and postmenopausal women in South India. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Ghanbarian A, Azizi F. Effect of menopause on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors: a 9-year follow-up study. Climacteric 2013; 17:164-72. [PMID: 23895384 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.828197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the cardiovascular risk attributable to menopausal status in a 9-year follow-up, population-based study. METHOD All middle-aged women who met our eligibility criteria were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews, physical examination and biochemical assessments at 3-year intervals. The World Health Organization classification was used to define menopausal status. Cardiovascular events that occurred in the cohort were investigated by a panel of medical specialists. RESULTS Based on menopausal status, there were no significant differences in cardiovascular disease after adjustment for age, body mass index and other confounders; however, significant relationships between serum concentrations of low density cholesterol and total cholesterol and menopausal status were observed. CONCLUSIONS Menopause, independent of other cardiovascular disease risk factors, incurred cardiometabolic risk.
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Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in the reproductive age group; it is characterized by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyperandrogenism and the presence of polycystic ovaries. It affects 8-10% of women in the reproductive age group and its main presentations are irregular periods, hirsutism and infertility in this group. Women with PCOS have impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The phenotype of PCOS in menopausal women is difficult to define. Studies have included previous history of oligomenorrhea, infertility and hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) to describe the phenotype for postmenopausal women. Hyperandrogenism seen in PCOS women persists after the menopausal transition. Similarly, PCOS women continue to manifest the metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance after menopause, which makes them more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metabolic syndrome occurs more often in women with PCOS and has been shown to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether PCOS itself causes an increased cardiovascular disease risk later in life is still uncertain. This dilemma needs to be solved since young women with PCOS may be required to undergo expensive investigations and screening for cardiovascular disease, whilst their true disease risk is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shah
- Gynaecworld , Kwality House, Mumbai , India
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Rao BN, Pal GK, Pravati P. Effect of subcutaneous injection of estradiol on feeding and drinking behaviors and body weight in basolateral amygdaloid lesioned rats. Ann Neurosci 2013; 20:139-44. [PMID: 25206037 PMCID: PMC4117138 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estradiol is known to inhibit food intake (FI), water intake (WI) and body weight (BW) across the species including women and it is most evident in rats. Ovariectomy in rats and menopause in women produce hyperphagia and obesity. Estradiol substitution in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and hormone replacement in women reverses these changes suggesting that lack of estradiol causes eating related disorders. However, the neurobiological target/s for estradiol mediating effects remains largely unknown. While lesions of basolateral amygdala (BLA) also produce hyperphagia, polydipsia and obesity in female rats suggesting BLA normally inhibits these behaviors. PURPOSE Since ovariectomy is a useful model to study postmenopausal obesity in women, we have investigated the role of BLA in ovariectomy induced ingestive behaviors. METHODS Ovariectomy and stereotaxic lesions in experimental group (n = 6) whereas sham operations in control group (n = 6) were carried out in female rats. Estradiol was injected subcutaneously (s.c) before and after lesions in experimental group and vehicle was injected in control group. RESULTS Data from the present study shows that there was an additional increase in FI, WI and BW in OVX animals following BLA lesions, but this additive effect was small compared to sham operated controls. Conversely, OVX rats with lesions have shown small but significant reductions in FI, WI, and lost less BW, following s.c injection of estradiol compared to rats with intact BLA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ovariectomy and estradiol induced changes on ingestive behaviors and body weight are partly mediated via BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodepudi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Ammapettai, Kancheepuram (Dist), Tamil Nadu
| | - Gopal K Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA-605006
| | - Pal Pravati
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, INDIA-605006
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Priya T, Chowdhury MG, Vasanth K, Vijayakumar TM, Ilango K, Agrawal A, Dubey GP. Assessment of serum leptin and resistin levels in association with the metabolic risk factors of pre- and post-menopausal rural women in South India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013; 7:233-237. [PMID: 24290091 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menopausal status is related with weight gain, abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism leading to metabolic syndrome susceptibility. The aim of this study is to determine circulating serum leptin and resistin levels and to correlate these levels in relationship with the metabolic factors in pre- and post-menopausal women. METHODS A cross-sectional study has been carried out for 34 subjects who were in post-menopause and 31 subjects who had regular menstruation in south Indian rural women. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting lipid profile, fasting leptin and resistin levels were measured. RESULTS In a total of 65 subjects, the mean age of pre-menopausal group was 38.65±6.21 and that of post-menopausal group was 55.32±6.32. Fasting serum leptin level was increased considerably in post-menopausal women when compared to pre-menopausal women (P=0.018). Resistin has no significant relationship with metabolic factors except Body Mass Index (BMI) in both the groups. Triglycerides and FBS were lower in pre-menopausal group when compared to post-menopausal group (P<0.001). Leptin was well correlated with BMI in pre-menopausal women (r(2)=0.7120, P<0.0001) as well as post-menopausal women (r(2)=0.2470, P=0.0028). Leptin also had significant correlation with FBS in both pre (r(2)=0.1373, P=0.0402) and post-menopausal women (r(2)=0.2141, P=0.0401). Systolic blood pressure was positively associated with the leptin levels in post-menopausal women (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Leptin was found to have significant association with metabolic factors when compared to resistin in pre- and post-menopausal women and there is no doubt that association of BMI and FBS elevates the level of leptin in both the category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Priya
- Interdisciplinary School of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chopra SM, Misra A, Gulati S, Gupta R. Overweight, obesity and related non-communicable diseases in Asian Indian girls and women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:688-96. [PMID: 23612512 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rising globally and in India. Overweight, obesity and related diseases need to be delineated in Asian Indian women. A literature search was done using key words like 'obesity', 'Asian Indian women', 'body fat distribution', 'type 2 diabetes', 'fertility', 'polycystic ovarian disease', metabolic syndrome', 'cardiovascular disease', 'non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'gender', 'sex' and 'prevalence' up to September 2012 in Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines. This review highlights the Asian Indian body composition with regards to obesity and provides a collated perspective of gender-specific prevalence of the co-morbidities. Recent data show that women (range of prevalence of overweight and obesity from different studies 15-61%) have higher prevalence of overweight and obesity as compared with men (range of prevalence of overweight and obesity from different studies 12-54%) in India and that obesity is increasing in the youth. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in both men and women steeply rose in a Punjabi community from Jaipur. Importantly, prevalence of abdominal obesity has been consistently higher in women than in men. The lowest prevalence (6.0%) of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women is reported from South India (rural Andhra Pradesh; 2006) and the highest (14.0%) by the National Urban Diabetes Survey (2001). Although the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors was generally high, it increased further in post-menopausal women. There are a number of factors that predispose Indian women to obesity; sedentary behaviour, imbalanced diets, sequential and additive postpartum weight gain and further decrease in physical activity during this period and cultural issues. In view of these data, preventive measures should be specifically targeted to Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chopra
- National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India
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LaRose JG, Leahey TM, Hill JO, Wing RR. Differences in motivations and weight loss behaviors in young adults and older adults in the National Weight Control Registry. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:449-53. [PMID: 23404944 PMCID: PMC3630273 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare young adults (YA) and older adults (OA) in the National Weight Control Registry on motivations for weight loss and weight-loss behaviors. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants (n = 2,964, 82% female, 94% White, BMI = 24.8 ± 4.4) were divided into two age groups (18-35 vs. 36-50) and compared on motivations, strategies for weight loss, diet, physical activity (PA), and the three-factor eating questionnaire. RESULTS YA were 28.6% of the sample (n = 848). YA and OA achieved similar weight losses (P = 0.38), but duration of maintenance was less in YA (43 vs. 58 months, P < 0.001). YA were more likely to cite appearance and social motivations for weight loss, were less motivated by health, and were less likely to report a medical trigger for weight loss (P's < 0.001). YA were more likely to use exercise classes and to lose weight on their own, and less likely to use a commercial program (P's < 0.001). YA reported engaging in more high-intensity PA (P = 0.001). There were no group differences in total calories consumed (P = 0.47), or percent calories from fat (P = 0.97), alcohol (P = 0.52), or sugar-sweetened beverages (P = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS YA successful weight losers (SWL) are motivated more by appearance and social influences than OA, and physical activity appears to play an important role in their weight-loss efforts. The differences reported by YA and OA SWL should be considered when developing weight-loss programs for YA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Hilakivi-Clarke L, de Assis S, Warri A. Exposures to synthetic estrogens at different times during the life, and their effect on breast cancer risk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:25-42. [PMID: 23392570 PMCID: PMC3635108 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are using estrogens for many purposes, such as to prevent pregnancy or miscarriage, or to treat menopausal symptoms. Estrogens also have been used to treat breast cancer which seems puzzling, since there is convincing evidence to support a link between high lifetime estrogen exposure and increased breast cancer risk. In this review, we discuss the findings that maternal exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy increases breast cancer risk in both exposed mothers and their daughters. In addition, we review data regarding the use of estrogens in oral contraceptives and as postmenopausal hormone therapy and discuss the opposing effects on breast cancer risk based upon timing of exposure. We place particular emphasis on studies investigating how maternal estrogenic exposures during pregnancy increase breast cancer risk among daughters. New data suggest that these exposures induce epigenetic modifications in the mammary gland and germ cells, thereby causing an inheritable increase in breast cancer risk for multiple generations.
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Yang N, Ginsburg GS, Simmons LA. Personalized medicine in women's obesity prevention and treatment: implications for research, policy and practice. Obes Rev 2013; 14:145-61. [PMID: 23114034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in America has reached epidemic proportions, and obesity among women is particularly concerning. Severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg m(-2) ) is more prevalent in women than men. Further, women have sex-specific risk factors that must be considered when developing preventive and therapeutic interventions. This review presents personalized medicine as a dynamic approach to obesity prevention, management and treatment for women. First, we review obesity as a complex health issue, with contributing sex-specific, demographic, psychosocial, behavioural, environmental, epigenetic and genetic/genomic risk factors. Second, we present personalized medicine as a rapidly advancing field of health care that seeks to quantify these complex risk factors to develop more targeted and effective strategies that can improve disease management and/or better minimize an individual's likelihood of developing obesity. Third, we discuss how personalized medicine can be applied in a clinical setting with current and emerging tools, including health risk assessments, personalized health plans, and strategies for increasing patient engagement. Finally, we discuss the need for additional research, training and policy that can enhance the practice of personalized medicine in women's obesity, including further advancements in the '-omics' sciences, physician training in personalized medicine, and additional development and standardization of innovative targeted therapies and clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Duke Center for Research on Prospective Health Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Rao S, Parab-Waingankar P. Performance of waist circumference relative to BMI in predicting risk of obesity and hypertension among affluent Indian adults. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.58a3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Pinto AM, Gokee-Larose J, Wing RR. Behavioral approaches to weight control: a review of current research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:341-53. [PMID: 19803993 DOI: 10.2217/17455057.3.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Weight management is a salient issue for women. Studies of behavioral, pharmacological and surgical interventions indicate that women comprise the majority of patients presenting for weight-loss treatment. In this review we discuss the health impact of obesity for women, review behavioral treatments for adult overweight and obesity, and address topics of particular relevance for women, including concerns that weight-loss treatment may precipitate the development of eating pathology, as well as time periods of high risk for weight gain such as pregnancy and menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marinilli Pinto
- Brown Medical School/The Miriam Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control & Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Abstract
There is a global obesity pandemic. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men and women varies greatly within and between countries, and overall, more women are obese than men. These gender disparities in overweight and obesity are exacerbated among women in developing countries, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Yet, in developed countries, more men are overweight than women. Current knowledge suggests that myriad sociocultural dynamics throughout the world exacerbate gender disparities in excess weight gain. Different contextual factors drive gender differences in food consumption, and women often report consuming healthier foods, yet may consume more sugar-laden foods, than men. Acculturation, through complex sociocultural pathways, affects weight gain among both men and women. The nutrition transition taking place in many developing countries has also affected excess weight gain among both genders, but has had an even greater impact on the physical activity levels of women. Furthermore, in some countries, cultural values favor larger body size among women or men as a sign of fertility, healthfulness, or prosperity. As the global obesity pandemic continues, more research on gender disparities in overweight and obesity will improve the understanding of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kanter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Benjamin Caballero
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Baltimore, MD, and
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Body mass index and mental health problems in general adults: disparity in gender and socioeconomic status. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72:393-8. [PMID: 22469283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This nationwide population-based study aims to evaluate the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mental health problems, and to investigate the effects of gender and socioeconomic status (SES) on this association. METHODS This study was a longitudinal study. 12,862 adults (aged 18years or older), who responded to the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and gave consent to the linking of the survey data to their National Health Insurance (NHI) claims records, were included. The 2002-2004 NHI claims records of the sample were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds ratios. Those with middle and high income (per capita annual household income ≧US$9375) in the sample were referred to as the better-offs. RESULTS After adjustment, increased BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.22) and a lower risk of mood disorder (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) in women. In addition, a higher BMI was significantly associated with a lower risk of mood disorders (risk reduction: 6%) and a lower risk of any major mental health problem (risk reduction: 3%) among the better-offs. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to other (cross-sectional) studies in other countries, our longitudinal results suggest that in a general Taiwanese population, the association between BMI and mental health may vary by type of mental health problems. Gender and SES may have influenced this relationship. Further studies are required to elucidate the biological or social factors underlying these empirical observations.
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Joo JK, Son JB, Jung JE, Kim SC, Lee KS. Differences of Prevalence and Components of Metabolic Syndrome according to Menopausal Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.6118/jksm.2012.18.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Bin Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ju Eun Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyu Sup Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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