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Yang W, Zhang C, Liu LB, Bian ZZ, Chang JT, Fan DY, Gao N, Wang PG, An J. Immunocompetent mouse models revealed that S100A4 + monocytes/macrophages facilitate long-term Zika virus infection in the testes. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2300466. [PMID: 38164719 PMCID: PMC10773650 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2300466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
During its global epidemic, Zika virus (ZIKV) attracted widespread attention due to its link with various severe neurological symptoms and potential harm to male fertility. However, the understanding of how ZIKV invades and persists in the male reproductive system is limited due to the lack of immunocompetent small animal models. In this study, immunocompetent murine models were generated by using anti-IFNAR antibody blocked C57BL/6 male mice and human STAT2 (hSTAT2) knock in (KI) male mice. After infection, viral RNA could persist in the testes even after the disappearance of viremia. We also found a population of ZIKV-susceptible S100A4+ monocytes/macrophages that were recruited into testes from peripheral blood and played a crucial role for ZIKV infection in the testis. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, we also proved that S100A4+ monocytes/macrophages had a great impact on the microenvironment of ZIKV-infected testes, thus promoting ZIKV-induced testicular lesions. In conclusion, this study proposed a novel mechanism of long-term ZIKV infection in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Bo Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Zhan Bian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Tong Chang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Singh S, Ahmad F, Aruri H, Das S, Parajuli P, Gavande NS, Singh PK, Kumar A. Novel quinoline substituted autophagy inhibitors attenuate Zika virus replication in ocular cells. Virus Res 2024; 347:199419. [PMID: 38880335 PMCID: PMC11239713 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging RNA virus that is known to cause ocular and neurological abnormalities in infants. ZIKV exploits autophagic processes in infected cells to enhance its replication and spread. Thus, autophagy inhibitors have emerged as a potent therapeutic target to combat RNA viruses, with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) being one of the most promising candidates. In this study, we synthesized several novel small-molecule quinoline derivatives, assessed their antiviral activity, and determined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Among the nine synthesized analogs, two lead candidates, labeled GL-287 and GL-382, significantly attenuated ZIKV replication in human ocular cells, primarily by inhibiting autophagy. These two compounds surpassed the antiviral efficacy of HCQ and other existing autophagy inhibitors, such as ROC-325, DC661, and GNS561. Moreover, unlike HCQ, these novel analogs did not exhibit cytotoxicity in the ocular cells. Treatment with compounds GL-287 and GL-382 in ZIKV-infected cells increased the abundance of LC3 puncta, indicating the disruption of the autophagic process. Furthermore, compounds GL-287 and GL-382 effectively inhibited the ZIKV-induced innate inflammatory response in ocular cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates the safe and potent antiviral activity of novel autophagy inhibitors against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hariprasad Aruri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Prahlad Parajuli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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3
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Yan Y, Yang H, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhou Y, Tang C, Li B, Huang Q, An R, Liang X, Lin D, Yu W, Fan C, Lu S. The inoculum dose of Zika virus can affect the viral replication dynamics, cytokine responses and survival rate in immunocompromised AG129 mice. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:30. [PMID: 39095588 PMCID: PMC11297010 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus, a mosquito-borne arbovirus, has repeatedly caused large pandemics with symptoms worsening from mild and self-limiting diseases to Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and fetal microcephaly in newborns. In recent years, Zika virus diseases have posed a serious threat to human health. The shortage of susceptible small animal models makes it difficult to study pathogenic mechanisms and evaluate potential therapies for Zika virus infection. Therefore, we chose immunocompromised mice (AG129 mice) deficient in IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptors, which can abolish the innate immune system that prevents Zika virus infection early. AG129 mice were infected with the Zika virus, and this mouse model exhibited replication dynamics, tissue tropism, pathological lesion and immune activation of the Zika virus. Our results suggest that the inoculum dose of Zika virus can affect the viral replication dynamics, cytokine responses and survival rate in AG129 mice. By testing the potential antiviral drug favipiravir, several critical indicators, including replication dynamics and survival rates, were identified in AG129 mice after Zika virus infection. It is suggested that the model is reliable for drug evaluation. In brief, this model provides a potential platform for studies of the infectivity, virulence, and pathogenesis of the Zika virus. Moreover, the development of an accessible mouse model of Zika virus infection will expedite the research and deployment of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Yan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Cong Tang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Bai Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xiaoming Liang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wenhai Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Changfa Fan
- National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing, China.
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China.
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4
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Itoh Y, Miyamoto Y, Tokunaga M, Suzuki T, Takada A, Ninomiya A, Hishinuma T, Matsuda M, Yoneda Y, Oka M, Suzuki R, Matsuura Y, Okamoto T. Importin-7-dependent nuclear translocation of the Flavivirus core protein is required for infectious virus production. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012409. [PMID: 39146232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaviviridae is a family of positive-stranded RNA viruses, including human pathogens, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and West Nile virus (WNV). Nuclear localization of the viral core protein is conserved among Flaviviridae, and this feature may be targeted for developing broad-ranging anti-flavivirus drugs. However, the mechanism of core protein translocation to the nucleus and the importance of nuclear translocation in the viral life cycle remain unknown. We aimed to identify the molecular mechanism underlying core protein nuclear translocation. We identified importin-7 (IPO7), an importin-β family protein, as a nuclear carrier for Flaviviridae core proteins. Nuclear import assays revealed that core protein was transported into the nucleus via IPO7, whereas IPO7 deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 impaired their nuclear translocation. To understand the importance of core protein nuclear translocation, we evaluated the production of infectious virus or single-round-infectious-particles in wild-type or IPO7-deficient cells; both processes were significantly impaired in IPO7-deficient cells, whereas intracellular infectious virus levels were equivalent in wild-type and IPO7-deficient cells. These results suggest that IPO7-mediated nuclear translocation of core proteins is involved in the release of infectious virus particles of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Itoh
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecular Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tokunaga
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takada
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Ninomiya
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hishinuma
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Elendu C, Osamuyi EI, Afolayan IA, Opara NC, Chinedu-Anunaso NA, Okoro CB, Nwankwo AU, Ezidiegwu DO, Anunaso CA, Ogbu CC, Aghahowa SO, Atuchukwu CS, Akpa EU, Peterson JC. Clinical presentation and symptomatology of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38890. [PMID: 39058828 PMCID: PMC11272278 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by acute onset ascending paralysis and sensory abnormalities. This article provides a comprehensive overview of GBS, covering its epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management and treatment, prognosis, psychosocial impact, recent advances in research, public health implications, and ethical considerations. Epidemiological data reveal variations in GBS prevalence, incidence rates, and geographical distribution influenced by climate, infectious disease prevalence, and genetic susceptibility. Etiological factors include preceding infections, vaccinations, and autoimmune mechanisms, although the precise pathophysiology remains incomplete. Clinical presentation encompasses prodromal symptoms, motor deficits, sensory abnormalities, autonomic dysfunction, and variants such as Miller-Fisher Syndrome and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. Neurological examination findings include weakness, paralysis, sensory deficits, and reflex changes, while autonomic dysfunction manifests as cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnostic evaluation relies on clinical criteria, laboratory tests (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid analysis, nerve conduction studies), and consideration of differential diagnoses. Management strategies encompass supportive care, immunomodulatory therapies (e.g., intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange), and rehabilitation interventions to optimize functional outcomes and promote recovery. Prognosis varies depending on clinical features, treatment response, and complications such as respiratory failure and autonomic instability. Psychosocial impact encompasses psychological effects on patients and caregivers, highlighting the importance of coping strategies and support systems. Recent advances in research focus on emerging treatments, genetic predisposition, and biomarker discovery, offering promise for improving GBS outcomes. Public health implications include vaccination safety concerns and healthcare system considerations for GBS management. Ethical considerations encompass patient autonomy, resource allocation, and end-of-life decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Collins C. Ogbu
- University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Choba, Nigeria
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6
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Berglund G, Lennon CD, Badu P, Berglund JA, Pager CT. Transcriptomic Signatures of Zika Virus Infection in Patients and a Cell Culture Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1499. [PMID: 39065267 PMCID: PMC11278784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging flavivirus, is associated with devasting developmental and neurological disease outcomes particularly in infants infected in utero. Towards understanding the molecular underpinnings of the unique ZIKV disease pathologies, numerous transcriptome-wide studies have been undertaken. Notably, these studies have overlooked the assimilation of RNA-seq analysis from ZIKV-infected patients with cell culture model systems. In this study we find that ZIKV-infection of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, mirrored both the transcriptional and alternative splicing profiles from previously published RNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from pediatric patients during early acute, late acute, and convalescent phases of ZIKV infection. Our analyses show that ZIKV infection in cultured cells correlates with transcriptional changes in patients, while the overlap in alternative splicing profiles was not as extensive. Overall, our data indicate that cell culture model systems support dissection of select molecular changes detected in patients and establishes the groundwork for future studies elucidating the biological implications of alternative splicing during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Berglund
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Claudia D. Lennon
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Pheonah Badu
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - John Andrew Berglund
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Cara T. Pager
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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7
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Acosta CJ, Nordio F, Kpamegan E, Moss KJ, Kumar P, Hirata K. Immunological and Safety Considerations When Selecting the Dose Formulation of a Purified Inactivated Zika Virus Vaccine (PIZV). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1492. [PMID: 39065260 PMCID: PMC11279315 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the first-in-human assessment of three doses (2, 5, and 10 µg) of purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine (PIZV or TAK-426) in the Phase 1 ZIK-101 study (NCT03343626). Here, we report dose selection based on extended safety and immunogenicity data (6 months post-vaccination) and discuss considerations (e.g., immunological, historic, flavivirus immunological cross-reactions) for selecting a Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine dose formulation. TAK-426 dose selection was conducted at the first interim analysis, and was based on cumulative safety data from both flavivirus-naïve (up to ≥28 days post-dose PD2) and flavivirus-primed participants (up to ≥28 days PD1), and on immunogenicity data from flavivirus-naïve participants only (at 28 days PD1 and 28 days PD2). The safety profile from TAK-426 recipients was compared to placebo recipients. Immunogenicity was assessed by geometric mean titer ratios of neutralizing anti-ZIKV antibodies and differences in seroconversion rates. There was no significant difference in safety between the three TAK-426 doses. The 10 μg dose provided the earliest and strongest immune response (with close to 100% seroconversion and higher antibody titers PD1 in flavivirus-naïve participants), and was well tolerated with acceptable safety profiles in both flavivirus-naïve and flavivirus-primed participants; this dose was selected for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo J. Acosta
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (F.N.); (E.K.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Francesco Nordio
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (F.N.); (E.K.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Eloi Kpamegan
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (F.N.); (E.K.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Kelley J. Moss
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (F.N.); (E.K.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, 8152 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Kazuhiro Hirata
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka 541-0045, Japan;
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8
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. The Raf kinase inhibitors Dabrafenib and Regorafenib impair Zika virus replication via distinct mechanisms. J Virol 2024:e0061824. [PMID: 39023323 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00618-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that has been associated with congenital neurological defects in fetuses born to infected mothers. At present, no vaccine or antiviral therapy is available to combat this devastating disease. Repurposing drugs that target essential host factors exploited by viruses is an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we screened a panel of clinically approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors for their antiviral effects against a clinical isolate of ZIKV and thoroughly characterized their mechanisms of action. We found that the Raf kinase inhibitors Dabrafenib and Regorafenib potently impair the replication of ZIKV, but not that of its close relative dengue virus. Time-of-addition experiments showed that both inhibitors target ZIKV infection at post-entry steps. We found that Dabrafenib, but not Regorafenib, interfered with ZIKV genome replication by impairing both negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis. Regorafenib, on the other hand, altered steady-state viral protein levels, viral egress, and blocked NS1 secretion. We also observed Regorafenib-induced ER fragmentation in ZIKV-infected cells, which might contribute to its antiviral effects. Because these inhibitors target different steps of the ZIKV infection cycle, their use in combination therapy may amplify their antiviral effects which could be further explored for future therapeutic strategies against ZIKV and possibly other flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics against re-emerging arboviruses associated with neurological disorders like Zika virus (ZIKV). We identified two FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, Dabrafenib and Regorafenib, as potent inhibitors of contemporary ZIKV strains at distinct stages of infection despite overlapping host targets. Both inhibitors reduced viral titers by ~1 to 2 log10 (~10-fold to 100-fold) with minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we show that Dabrafenib inhibits ZIKV RNA replication whereas Regorafenib inhibits ZIKV translation and egress. Regorafenib has the added benefit of limiting NS1 secretion, which contributes to the pathogenesis and disease progression of several flaviviruses. Because these inhibitors affect distinct post-entry steps of ZIKV infection, their therapeutic potential may be amplified by combination therapy and likely does not require prophylactic administration. This study provides further insight into ZIKV-host interactions and has implications for the development of novel antivirals against ZIKV and possibly other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wilken
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
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9
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Acero-Garces D, Zuluaga-Lotero D, Ortiz-Muñoz D, Arango GP, Moyano M, Vargas-Manotas J, Rojas CA, Urrego J, Rojas JP, Rosso F, Ramos-Burbano GE, Llanos MD, Lizarazo J, Lopez-Gonzalez R, Jimenez-Arango JA, Benavides-Melo J, Martinez-Villota VA, Gonzalez G, Dominguez-Penuela SC, Quintero JA, Luque KA, Ruiz AM, Claros K, Osorio L, Pardo CA, Parra B. Long-term outcomes of patients affected by Guillain-Barré syndrome in Colombia after the Zika virus epidemic. J Neurol Sci 2024; 463:123140. [PMID: 39047509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) can lead to significant functional impairments, yet little is understood about the recovery phase and long-term consequences for patients in low- and medium-income countries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional status and identify factors influencing outcomes among patients with GBS in Colombia. METHODS Telephone interviews were conducted with GBS patients enrolled in the Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study between 2016 and 2020. The investigation encompassed access to health services and functional status assessments, utilizing the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), GBS Disability Score (GDS), Barthel Index (BI), and International Classification of Functioning (ICF). Univariate analysis, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and linear regression were employed to explore factors influencing functional status. RESULTS Forty-five patients (mean age = 50[±22] years) with a median time from diagnosis of 28 months (IQR = 9-34) were included. Notably, 22% and 16% of patients did not receive rehabilitation services during the acute episode and post-discharge, respectively. Most patients demonstrated independence in basic daily activities (median BI = 100, IQR = 77.5-100), improvement in disability as the median mRS at follow-up was lower than at onset (1 [IQR = 0-3] vs. 4.5 [IQR = 4-5], p < 0.001), and most were able to walk without assistance (median GDS = 2, IQR = 0-2). A shorter period from disease onset to interview was associated with worse mRS (p = 0.015) and ICF (p = 0.019). Negative outcomes on GDS and ICF were linked to low socioeconomic status, ICF to the severity of weakness at onset, and BI to an older age. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores that the functional recovery of GBS patients in Colombia is influenced not only by the natural course of the disease but also by socioeconomic factors, emphasizing the crucial role of social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gloria P Arango
- Universidad Del Valle, School of Human Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, Cali, Colombia
| | - Martha Moyano
- Universidad Del Valle, School of Public Health, Cali, Colombia
| | - José Vargas-Manotas
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; La Misericordia Clínica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Christian A Rojas
- Universidad del Valle, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia; Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Clinica Imbanaco, Department of Pediatrics, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jonathan Urrego
- Universidad del Valle, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia; Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan P Rojas
- Fundación Clínica Infantil Club Noel, Department of Pediatrics, Cali, Colombia; Universidad Libre seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rosso
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Internal Medicine, Cali, Colombia; Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gustavo E Ramos-Burbano
- Universidad del Valle, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia; Clinica Rey David, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Jairo Lizarazo
- Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Cúcuta, Colombia; Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillermo Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario de Neiva Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, Neiva, Colombia; Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime A Quintero
- Universidad del Valle, Department of Microbiology, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Katherinne Claros
- Hospital Universitario de Neiva Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Lyda Osorio
- Universidad Del Valle, School of Public Health, Cali, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Beatriz Parra
- Universidad del Valle, Department of Microbiology, Cali, Colombia
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10
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Göbel S, Kazemi O, Ma J, Jordan I, Sandig V, Paulissen J, Kerstens W, Thibaut HJ, Reichl U, Dallmeier K, Genzel Y. Parallel Multifactorial Process Optimization and Intensification for High-Yield Production of Live YF17D-Vectored Zika Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:755. [PMID: 39066393 PMCID: PMC11281342 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D strain is a potent vaccine and viral vector. Its manufacture is based on embryonated chicken eggs or adherent Vero cells. Both processes are unsuitable for rapid and scalable supply. Here, we introduce a high-throughput workflow to identify suspension cells that are fit for the high-yield production of live YF17D-based vaccines in an intensified upstream process. The use of an automated parallel ambr15 microbioreactor system for screening and process optimization has led to the identification of two promising cell lines (AGE1.CR.pIX and HEKDyn) and the establishment of optimized production conditions, which have resulted in a >100-fold increase in virus titers compared to the current state of the art using adherent Vero cells. The process can readily be scaled up from the microbioreactor scale (15 mL) to 1 L stirred tank bioreactors. The viruses produced are genetically stable and maintain their favorable safety and immunogenicity profile, as demonstrated by the absence of neurovirulence in suckling BALB/c mice and consistent seroprotection in AG129 mice. In conclusion, the presented workflow allows for the rapid establishment of a robust, scalable, and high-yield process for the production of live-attenuated orthoflavivirus vaccines, which outperforms current standards. The approach described here can serve as a model for the development of scalable processes and the optimization of yields for other virus-based vaccines that face challenges in meeting growing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Ozeir Kazemi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), 3000 Leuven, Belgium (K.D.)
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), 3000 Leuven, Belgium (K.D.)
| | | | | | - Jasmine Paulissen
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Winnie Kerstens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.G.)
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), 3000 Leuven, Belgium (K.D.)
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.G.)
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11
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Metzler AD, Tang H. Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis-Research and Understanding. Pathogens 2024; 13:555. [PMID: 39057782 PMCID: PMC11279898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is prominently associated with microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers as well as Guillain-Barré Syndrome in adults. Each cell type infected by ZIKV-neuronal cells (radial glial cells, neuronal progenitor cells, astrocytes, microglia cells, and glioblastoma stem cells) and non-neuronal cells (primary fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and Sertoli cells)-displays its own characteristic changes to their cell physiology and has various impacts on disease. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the ZIKV life cycle and its cellular targets, and discuss the current knowledge of how infections cause neuropathologies, as well as what approaches researchers are currently taking to further advance such knowledge. A key aspect of ZIKV neuropathogenesis is virus-induced neuronal apoptosis via numerous mechanisms including cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, ER stress, and the unfolded protein response. These, in turn, result in the activation of p53-mediated intrinsic cell death pathways. A full spectrum of infection models including stem cells and co-cultures, transwells to simulate blood-tissue barriers, brain-region-specific organoids, and animal models have been developed for ZIKV research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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12
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Aguiar GRF, da Silva GB, Ramalho JDAM, Srisawat N, Daher EDF. Common arboviruses and the kidney: a review. J Bras Nefrol 2024; 46:e20230168. [PMID: 39074252 PMCID: PMC11287847 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0168en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are endemic in several countries and represent a worrying public health problem. The most important of these diseases is dengue fever, whose numbers continue to rise and have reached millions of annual cases in Brazil since the last decade. Other arboviruses of public health concern are chikungunya and Zika, both of which have caused recent epidemics, and yellow fever, which has also caused epidemic outbreaks in our country. Like most infectious diseases, arboviruses have the potential to affect the kidneys through several mechanisms. These include the direct action of the viruses, systemic inflammation, hemorrhagic phenomena and other complications, in addition to the toxicity of the drugs used in treatment. In this review article, the epidemiological aspects of the main arboviruses in Brazil and other countries where these diseases are endemic, clinical aspects and the main laboratory changes found, including changes in renal function, are addressed. It also describes how arboviruses behave in kidney transplant patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney injury associated with arboviruses are described and finally the recommended treatment for each disease and recommendations for kidney support in this context are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rotsen Fortes Aguiar
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Almeida Mota Ramalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Center of Excellence for Critical Care Nephrology, and Tropical Medicine Cluster, Bangkok, Tailândia
| | - Elizabeth de Francesco Daher
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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13
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CONSIGNY PH. [Zika virus infection: sexual transmission and implications for prevention]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2024; 4:mtsi.v4i2.2024.502. [PMID: 39099710 PMCID: PMC11292433 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v4i2.2024.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus infection, most oft n responsible for a benign arboviral disease or an asymptomatic infection, rarely Guillain-Barré syndrome, can become problematic in pregnant women, due to a risk of fetal malformations, in particular microcephaly linked to its neurotropism. The most recent large-scale epidemic was observed throughout Latin America between 2015 and 2017, causing several hundred thousand cases. Transmission is predominantly vector-borne, but sexual transmission has been described, mainly among travelers, although it undoubtedly accounts for a significant proportion of transmission in epidemic areas. The aim of this review is to describe this sexual transmission, mainly through examples linked to this large-scale epidemic in Latin America, to describe the link with prolonged excretion of infectious viral particles in genital secretions, especially semen but also vaginal secretions, and to highlight possible preventive measures apart from vector transmission, in particular the need for pregnant women or women wishing to become pregnant to avoid visiting countries where circulation of Zika virus is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Henri CONSIGNY
- Centre médical de l’Institut Pasteur, 211 rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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14
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Kumaree KK, Anthikapalli NVA, Prasansuklab A. In silico screening for potential inhibitors from the phytocompounds of Carica papaya against Zika virus NS5 protein. F1000Res 2024; 12:655. [PMID: 39132582 PMCID: PMC11310656 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134956.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as a global health threat. The causal reasoning is that Zika infection is linked to the development of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. With no clinically approved antiviral treatment for ZIKV, the need for the development of potential inhibitors against the virus is essential. In this study, we aimed to screen phytochemicals from papaya ( Carica papaya L.) against NS5 protein domains of ZIKV. Methods Approximately 193 phytochemicals from an online database (IMPACT) were subjected to molecular docking using AutoDock Vina against the NS5-MTase protein domain (5WXB) and -RdRp domain (5U04). Results Our results showed that β-sitosterol, carpaine, violaxanthin, pseudocarpaine, Δ7-avenasterols, Rutin, and cis-β-carotene had the highest binding affinity to both protein domains, with β-sitosterol having the most favorable binding energy. Furthermore, ADMET analysis revealed that selected compounds had good pharmacokinetic properties and were nontoxic. Conclusions Our findings suggest that papaya-derived phytochemicals could be potential candidates for developing antiviral drugs against ZIKV. However, further experimental studies using cell lines and in vivo models are needed to validate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Krishna Kumaree
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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15
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Tisoncik-Go J, Stokes C, Whitmore LS, Newhouse DJ, Voss K, Gustin A, Sung CJ, Smith E, Stencel-Baerenwald J, Parker E, Snyder JM, Shaw DW, Rajagopal L, Kapur RP, Adams Waldorf KM, Gale M. Disruption of myelin structure and oligodendrocyte maturation in a macaque model of congenital Zika infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5173. [PMID: 38890352 PMCID: PMC11189406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) infection during pregnancy can cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and neurodevelopmental delay in infants, of which the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We utilize an established female pigtail macaque maternal-to-fetal ZikV infection/exposure model to study fetal brain pathophysiology of CZS manifesting from ZikV exposure in utero. We find prenatal ZikV exposure leads to profound disruption of fetal myelin, with extensive downregulation in gene expression for key components of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin production. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal marked decreases in myelin basic protein intensity and myelinated fiber density in ZikV-exposed animals. At the ultrastructural level, the myelin sheath in ZikV-exposed animals shows multi-focal decompaction, occurring concomitant with dysregulation of oligodendrocyte gene expression and maturation. These findings define fetal neuropathological profiles of ZikV-linked brain injury underlying CZS resulting from ZikV exposure in utero. Because myelin is critical for cortical development, ZikV-related perturbations in oligodendrocyte function may have long-term consequences on childhood neurodevelopment, even in the absence of overt microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Caleb Stokes
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Gustin
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cheng-Jung Sung
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elise Smith
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Stencel-Baerenwald
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, NEI Core for Vision Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dennis W Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Acosta CJ, Nordio F, Boltz DA, Baldwin WR, Hather G, Kpamegan E. Predicting Efficacy of a Purified Inactivated Zika Virus Vaccine in Flavivirus-Naïve Humans Using an Immunological Correlate of Protection in Non-Human Primates. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1177. [PMID: 38930559 PMCID: PMC11206130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A traditional phase 3 clinical efficacy study for a Zika vaccine may be unfeasible because of the current low transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). An alternative clinical development approach to evaluate Zika vaccine efficacy (VE) is therefore required, delineated in the US FDA's Accelerated Approval Program for licensure, which utilizes an anti-Zika neutralizing antibody (Zika NAb) titer correlated with non-human primate (NHP) protection as a surrogate endpoint. In this accelerated approval approach, the estimation of VE would be inferred from the percentage of phase 3 trial participants achieving the established surrogate endpoint. We provide a statistical framework to predict the probability of protection for human participants vaccinated with a purified inactivated ZIKV vaccine (TAK-426), in the absence of VE measurements, using NHP data under a single-correlate model. Based on a logistic regression (LR) with bias-reduction model, a probability of 90% protection in humans is expected with a ZIKV NAb geometric mean titer (GMT) ≥ 3.38 log10 half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). The predicted probability of protection of TAK-426 against ZIKV infection was determined using the two-parameter LR model that fit the calculated VE in rhesus macaques and the flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants' ZIKV NAb GMTs log10 EC50, measured by a ZIKV reporter virus particle assay, at 1 month post dose 2. The TAK-426 10 µg dose predicted a probability of protection from infection of 98% among flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo J. Acosta
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (F.N.); (D.A.B.); (W.R.B.); (G.H.); (E.K.)
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17
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Fazecas T, Lopes FPPL, Guedes B, Castro P, Nogueira R, Werner H. Zika virus as a new pathogenic agent within the Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex (TORCH) virus family: where do we stand? Pediatr Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00247-024-05944-2. [PMID: 38822063 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections in low-income countries such as Brazil pose a significant challenge for medical authorities, with epidemics such as Zika virus infection having lasting effects. The increase in microcephaly among newborns has prompted investigations into the association between Zika virus and this congenital syndrome. The severity and prevalence of microcephaly led to the declaration of national and international emergencies. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the teratogenic effects of Zika virus, particularly its impact on neural progenitor cells in the fetal brain. Various pre- and postnatal imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and postnatal computed tomography (CT), have played crucial roles in diagnosing and monitoring malformations linked to congenital Zika virus infection in the central nervous system (CNS). These modalities can detect brain parenchymal abnormalities, calcifications, cerebral atrophy, and callosal anomalies. Additionally, three-dimensional ultrasound and fetal MRI provide detailed anatomical images, while CT can identify calcifications that are not easily detected by other methods. Despite advancements in imaging, there are still unanswered questions and ongoing challenges in comprehending the long-term effects and developmental impairments in children affected by Zika virus. Radiologists continue to play a crucial role in diagnosing and assisting in the management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Fazecas
- Radiology Department, Dasa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Imaging Department, Hospital Municipal Jesus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Bianca Guedes
- Radiology Department, Dasa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castro
- Radiology Department, Dasa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Heron Werner
- Radiology Department, Dasa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Surya W, Honey SS, Torres J. Flavivirus Zika NS4A protein forms large oligomers in liposomes and in mild detergent. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12533. [PMID: 38822066 PMCID: PMC11143224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In flaviviruses such as Dengue or Zika, non-structural (NS) NS4A protein forms homo-oligomers, participates in membrane remodelling and is critical for virulence. In both viruses, mature NS4A has the same length and three predicted hydrophobic domains. The oligomers formed by Dengue NS4A are reported to be small (n = 2, 3), based on denaturing SDS gels, but no high-resolution structure of a flavivirus NS4A protein is available, and the size of the oligomer in lipid membranes is not known. Herein we show that crosslinking Zika NS4A protein in lipid membranes results in oligomers at least up to hexamers. Further, sedimentation velocity shows that NS4A in mild detergent C14-betaine appears to be in fast equilibrium between at least two species, where one is smaller, and the other larger, than a trimer or a tetramer. Consistently, sedimentation equilibrium data was best fitted to a model involving an equilibrium between dimers (n = 2) and hexamers (n = 6). Overall, the large, at least hexameric, oligomers obtained herein in liposomes and in mild detergent are more likely to represent the forms of NS4A present in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Surya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Shwe Sin Honey
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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19
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Li Y, Zhao R, Li L, Xue H, Meng H, Li G, Liang F, Zhang H, Ma J, Pang X, Wang J, Chang X, Guo J, Zhang W. Relative frequencies and clinical features of Guillain-Barré Syndrome before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in North China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:541. [PMID: 38816802 PMCID: PMC11138026 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most studies investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) by comparing the incidence of GBS before and during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, the findings were inconsistent, probably owing to varying degrees of the lockdown policy. The quarantine requirements and travel restrictions in China were lifted around December 7, 2022. This study aimed to explore whether the relative frequency of GBS increased during the major outbreak in the absence of COVID-19-mandated social restrictions in China. METHODS GBS patients admitted to the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, from December 7, 2022 to February 20, 2023, and from June, 2017 to August, 2019 were included. The relative frequencies of GBS in hospitalized patients during different periods were compared. The patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection within six weeks prior to GBS onset formed the COVID-GBS group and non-COVID-GBS group, respectively. RESULTS The relative frequency of GBS among hospitalized patients during the major outbreak of COVID-19 (13/14,408) was significantly higher than that before the COVID-19 epidemic (29/160,669, P < 0.001). More COVID-GBS patients (11/13) presented AIDP subtype than non-COVID-GBS cases (10/27, P = 0.003). The mean interval between onset of infective symptoms and GBS was longer in COVID-GBS (21.54 ± 11.56 days) than in non-COVID-GBS (5.76 ± 3.18 days, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 significantly increased the incidence of GBS. Most COVID-GBS patients fell into the category of AIDP, responded well to IVIg, and had a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiru Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huaxing Meng
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanxi Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiqiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueli Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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20
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Berglund G, Lennon CD, Badu P, Berglund JA, Pager CT. Zika virus infection in a cell culture model reflects the transcriptomic signatures in patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.25.595842. [PMID: 38826459 PMCID: PMC11142252 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.25.595842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging flavivirus, is associated with devasting developmental and neurological disease outcomes particularly in infants infected in utero. Towards understanding the molecular underpinnings of the unique ZIKV disease pathologies, numerous transcriptome-wide studies have been undertaken. Notably, these studies have overlooked the assimilation of RNA-seq analysis from ZIKV-infected patients with cell culture model systems. In this study we find that ZIKV-infection of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, mirrored both the transcriptional and alternative splicing profiles from previously published RNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from pediatric patients during early acute, late acute, and convalescent phases of ZIKV infection. Our analyses show that ZIKV infection in cultured cells correlates with transcriptional changes in patients, while the overlap in alternative splicing profiles was not as extensive. Overall, our data indicate that cell culture model systems support dissection of select molecular changes detected in patients and establishes the groundwork for future studies elucidating the biological implications of alternative splicing during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Berglund
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Claudia D. Lennon
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Pheonah Badu
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - J. Andrew Berglund
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Cara T. Pager
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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21
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Jiu Y. Host caveolin-1 facilitates Zika virus infection by promoting viral RNA replication. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261877. [PMID: 38660993 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has gained notoriety in recent years because there are no targeted therapies or vaccines available so far. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in host cells plays crucial functions in the invasion of many viruses. However, its specific involvement in ZIKV infection has remained unclear. Here, we reveal that depleting Cav-1 leads to a substantial reduction in ZIKV RNA levels, protein expression and viral particle production, indicating that ZIKV exploits Cav-1 for its infection. By dissecting each stage of the viral life cycle, we unveil that, unlike its invasion role in many other viruses, Cav-1 depletion selectively impairs ZIKV replication, resulting in altered replication dynamics and reduced strand-specific RNA levels, but does not affect viral entry, maturation and release. These results reveal an unforeseen function of Cav-1 in facilitating ZIKV replication, which provides new insights into the intricate interaction between Cav-1 and ZIKV and underscores Cav-1 as a potential candidate for anti-ZIKV approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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22
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Rozmyslowicz T, Arévalo-Romero H, Conover DO, Fuentes-Pananá EM, León-Juárez M, Gaulton GN. A Highly Sensitive Molecular Technique for RNA Virus Detection. Cells 2024; 13:804. [PMID: 38786028 PMCID: PMC11120490 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are mosquito-transmitted infections, or vector-borne pathogens, that emerged a few years ago. Reliable diagnostic tools for ZIKV and CHIKV-inexpensive, multiplexed, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific point-of-care (POC) systems-are vital for appropriate risk management and therapy. We recently studied a detection system with great success in Mexico (Villahermosa, state of Tabasco), working with human sera from patients infected with those viruses. The research conducted in Mexico validated the efficacy of a novel two-step rapid isothermal amplification technique (RAMP). This approach, which encompasses recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), had been previously established in the lab using lab-derived Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Crucially, our findings confirmed that this technique is also effective when applied to human sera samples collected from locally infected individuals in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rozmyslowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.O.C.); (G.N.G.)
| | - Haruki Arévalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Departamento de Genómica, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Mexico;
| | - Dareus O. Conover
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.O.C.); (G.N.G.)
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Glen N. Gaulton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.O.C.); (G.N.G.)
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23
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Sornjai W, Promma P, Priewkhiew S, Ramphan S, Jaratsittisin J, Jinagool P, Wikan N, Greenwood M, Murphy D, Smith DR. The interaction of GRP78 and Zika virus E and NS1 proteins occurs in a chaperone-client manner. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10407. [PMID: 38710792 PMCID: PMC11074156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is a central mediator of the unfolded protein response, a key cellular stress response pathway. GRP78 has been shown to be critically required for infection and replication of a number of flaviviruses, and to interact with both non-structural (NS) and structural flavivirus proteins. However, the nature of the specific interaction between GRP78 and viral proteins remains largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize the binding domain and critical amino acid residues that mediate the interaction of GRP78 to ZIKV E and NS1 proteins. Recombinant EGFP fused GRP78 and individual subdomains (the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and the substrate binding domain (SBD)) were used as a bait protein and co-expressed with full length or truncated ZIKV E and NS1 proteins in HEK293T/17 cells. Protein-protein interactions were determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. From the results, both the NBD and the SBD of GRP78 were crucial for an effective interaction. Single amino acid substitutions in the SBD showed that R492E and T518A mutants significantly reduced the binding affinity of GRP78 to ZIKV E and NS1 proteins. Notably, the interaction of GRP78 with ZIKV E was stably maintained against various single amino acid substitutions on ZIKV E domain III and with all truncated ZIKV E and NS1 proteins. Collectively, the results suggest that the principal binding between GRP78 and viral proteins is mainly a classic canonical chaperone protein-client interaction. The blocking of GRP78 chaperone function effectively inhibited ZIKV infection and replication in neuronal progenitor cells. Our findings reveal that GRP78 is a potential host target for anti-ZIKV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannapa Sornjai
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ploenphit Promma
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suphansa Priewkhiew
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Ramphan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Janejira Jaratsittisin
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pailin Jinagool
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Michael Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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24
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Leite-Aguiar R, Cristina-Rodrigues F, Ciarlini-Magalhães R, Dantas DP, Alves VS, Gavino-Leopoldino D, Neris RLS, Schmitz F, Silveira JS, Kurtenbach E, Wyse ATS, Clarke JR, Figueiredo CP, Assunção-Miranda I, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. ATP-P2X7 signaling mediates brain pathology while contributing to viral control in perinatal Zika virus infection. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:318-333. [PMID: 38460804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of Zika fever, is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus. Zika virus infection has become an international concern due to its association with severe neurological complications such as fetal microcephaly. Viral infection can induce the release of ATP in the extracellular environment, activating receptors sensitized by extracellular nucleotides, such as the P2X7 receptor. This receptor is the primary purinergic receptor involved in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunity. In this work, we investigated the role of ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling in Zika-related brain abnormalities. Wild-type mice (WT) and P2X7 receptor-deficient (P2X7-/-) C57BL/6 newborn mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5 × 106plaque-forming units of ZIKV or mock solution. P2X7 receptor expression increased in the brain of Zika virus-infected mice compared to the mock group. Comparative analyses of the hippocampi from WT and P2X7-/-mice revealed that the P2X7 receptor increased hippocampal damage in CA1/CA2 and CA3 regions. Doublecortin expression decreased significantly in the brains of ZIKV-infected mice. WT ZIKV-infected mice showed impaired motor performance compared to P2X7-/- infected mice. WT ZIKV-infected animals showed increased expression of glial markers GFAP (astrocytes) and IBA-1 (microglia) compared to P2X7-/- infected mice. Although the P2X7 receptor contributes to neuronal loss and neuroinflammation, WT mice were more efficient in controlling the viral load in the brain than P2X7 receptor-deficient mice. This result was associated with higher induction of TNF-α, IFN-β, and increased interferon-stimulated gene expression in WT mice than P2X7-/-ZIKV-infected. Finally, we found that the P2X7 receptor contributes to inhibiting the neuroprotective signaling pathway AKT/mTOR while stimulating the caspase-3 activation, possibly two distinct pathways contributing to neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling contributes to the antiviral response in the brain of ZIKV-infected mice while increasing neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and related brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Leite-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cristina-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ciarlini-Magalhães
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pereira Dantas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gavino-Leopoldino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Leão Silva Neris
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Rosauro Clarke
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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25
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Gonzales Y Tucker RD, Addepalli A. Fever and Rash. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2024; 42:303-334. [PMID: 38641393 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Infectious causes of fever and rash pose a diagnostic challenge for the emergency provider. It is often difficult to discern rashes associated with rapidly progressive and life-threatening infections from benign exanthems, which comprise the majority of rashes seen in the emergency department. Physicians must also consider serious noninfectious causes of fever and rash. A correct diagnosis depends on an exhaustive history and head-to-toe skin examination as most emergent causes of fever and rash remain clinical diagnoses. A provisional diagnosis and immediate treatment with antimicrobials and supportive care are usually required prior to the return of confirmatory laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Diego Gonzales Y Tucker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0209, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System - Wilma Chan Highland Hospital, 1411 E 31st Street, Oakland, CA 94602, USA.
| | - Aravind Addepalli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0209, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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26
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Henrio Marcellin DF, Huang J. Exploring Zika Virus Impact on Endothelial Permeability: Insights into Transcytosis Mechanisms and Vascular Leakage. Viruses 2024; 16:629. [PMID: 38675970 PMCID: PMC11054372 DOI: 10.3390/v16040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating brain disease is challenging, and the Zika virus (ZIKV) presents a unique obstacle due to its neuroinvasive nature. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV and explore how the virus interacts with the body's immune responses and the role of the protein Mfsd2a in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during ZIKV neuroinvasion. ZIKV has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its association with severe neurological problems, including microcephaly and Gillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Understanding its journey through the brain-particularly its interaction with the placenta and BBB-is crucial. The placenta, which is designed to protect the fetus, becomes a pathway for ZIKV when infected. The BBB is composed of brain endothelial cells, acts as a second barrier, and protects the fetal brain. However, ZIKV finds ways to disrupt these barriers, leading to potential damage. This study explores the mechanisms by which ZIKV enters the CNS and highlights the role of transcytosis, which allows the virus to move through the cells without significantly disrupting the BBB. Although the exact mechanisms of transcytosis are unclear, research suggests that ZIKV may utilize this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
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27
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V S, Pattanaik A, Marate S, Mani RS, Pai AR, Mukhopadhyay C. Guillain-barré syndrome (GBS) with antecedent chikungunya infection: a case report and literature review. Neurol Res Pract 2024; 6:21. [PMID: 38600592 PMCID: PMC11008014 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-024-00315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neuropathy. Antecedent infections have been seen to be significant triggering factors for developing GBS. Among them, arboviral infections are rapidly gaining importance as significant triggers, especially in the areas where they are endemic. Chikungunya, an arboviral infection that usually causes a self-limiting acute febrile illness can lead to GBS as one its severe complications. Herein, we describe a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with weakness in all four limbs and paresthesia. Nerve conduction study and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed axonal, demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathy with albuminocytological dissociation indicating Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) variant of GBS. Serum IgM antibodies against ganglioside GM1 were detected. Anti-Chikungunya IgM antibodies were found in both serum and CSF samples. The patient was initiated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. In view of hypoxia, she was intubated and was on mechanical ventilation. After 2 weeks of being comatose, the patient gradually improved and was discharged with no sequelae.A literature review on antecedent infections in GBS is presented alongside the case report to better understand the association of GBS with antecedent infections, especially the endemic arboviral infections like Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika. This will help in reinforcing the significance of having robust surveillance and public health control measures for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi V
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrita Pattanaik
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Srilatha Marate
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Reeta S Mani
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aparna R Pai
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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28
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Nissly RH, Lim L, Keller MR, Bird IM, Bhushan G, Misra S, Chothe SK, Sill MC, Kumar NV, Sivakumar AVN, Naik BR, Jayarao BM, Kuchipudi SV. The Susceptibility of Chickens to Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Study on Age-Dependent Infection Dynamics and Host Responses. Viruses 2024; 16:569. [PMID: 38675911 PMCID: PMC11054531 DOI: 10.3390/v16040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a public health concern, with epidemics in endemic regions and sporadic outbreaks in new areas posing significant threats. Several mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause human illness, including West Nile, Usutu, and St. Louis encephalitis, have associations with birds. However, the susceptibility of chickens to ZIKV and their role in viral epidemiology is not currently known. We investigated the susceptibility of chickens to experimental ZIKV infection using chickens ranging from 1-day-old chicks to 6-week-old birds. ZIKV caused no clinical signs in chickens of all age groups tested. Viral RNA was detected in the blood and tissues during the first 5 days post-inoculation in 1-day and 4-day-old chicks inoculated with a high viral dose, but ZIKV was undetectable in 6-week-old birds at all timepoints. Minimal antibody responses were observed in 6-week-old birds, and while present in younger chicks, they waned by 28 days post-infection. Innate immune responses varied significantly between age groups. Robust type I interferon and inflammasome responses were measured in older chickens, while limited innate immune activation was observed in younger chicks. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a major driver of host restriction to ZIKV, and chicken STAT2 is distinct from human STAT2, potentially contributing to the observed resistance to ZIKV infection. The rapid clearance of the virus in older chickens coincided with an effective innate immune response, highlighting age-dependent susceptibility. Our study indicates that chickens are not susceptible to productive ZIKV infection and are unlikely to play a role in the ZIKV epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H. Nissly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Levina Lim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
- DermBiont, Inc., 451 D Street, Suite 908, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Margo R. Keller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Ian M. Bird
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
- Applied Biological Sciences Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Gitanjali Bhushan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.M.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.M.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Miranda C. Sill
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Nagaram Vinod Kumar
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517 602, Andhra Pradesh, India; (N.V.K.); (A.V.N.S.); (B.R.N.)
| | - A. V. N. Sivakumar
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517 602, Andhra Pradesh, India; (N.V.K.); (A.V.N.S.); (B.R.N.)
| | - B. Rambabu Naik
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517 602, Andhra Pradesh, India; (N.V.K.); (A.V.N.S.); (B.R.N.)
| | - Bhushan M. Jayarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.M.); (S.K.C.)
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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29
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Fishburn AT, Florio CJ, Lopez NJ, Link NL, Shah PS. Molecular functions of ANKLE2 and its implications in human disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050554. [PMID: 38691001 PMCID: PMC11103583 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and LEM domain-containing 2 (ANKLE2) is a scaffolding protein with established roles in cell division and development, the dysfunction of which is increasingly implicated in human disease. ANKLE2 regulates nuclear envelope disassembly at the onset of mitosis and its reassembly after chromosome segregation. ANKLE2 dysfunction is associated with abnormal nuclear morphology and cell division. It regulates the nuclear envelope by mediating protein-protein interactions with barrier to autointegration factor (BANF1; also known as BAF) and with the kinase and phosphatase that modulate the phosphorylation state of BAF. In brain development, ANKLE2 is crucial for proper asymmetric division of neural progenitor cells. In humans, pathogenic loss-of-function mutations in ANKLE2 are associated with primary congenital microcephaly, a condition in which the brain is not properly developed at birth. ANKLE2 is also linked to other disease pathologies, including congenital Zika syndrome, cancer and tauopathy. Here, we review the molecular roles of ANKLE2 and the recent literature on human diseases caused by its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Fishburn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cole J. Florio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nick J. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nichole L. Link
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Raju G, Ranjan A, Banik S, Poddar A, Managuli V, Mazumder N. A commentary on the development and use of smartphone imaging devices. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:151-163. [PMID: 38737211 PMCID: PMC11078910 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Current-age smartphones are known for their wide array of functionality and are now being utilized in the field of healthcare and medicine due to their proven capabilities as smartphone imaging devices (SIDs). Recent technical advancements enabled the integration of special add-on lenses with smartphones to transform them into SIDs. With the rising demand for efficient point-of-care (PoC) devices for better diagnostic applications, SIDs will be a one-stop solution. Additionally, portability, user-friendliness and low-cost make it accessible for all even at remote locations. Furthermore, improvements in resolution, magnification and field-of-view (FOV) have attracted the scientific community to use SIDs in various biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis, food quality control and pathogen detection. SIDs can be arranged in various combinational setups by using different illumination sources and optics to achieve suitable contrast and visibility of the specimen under study. This Commentary illustrates the various illumination sources used in SID and also spotlights their design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Raju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Aashrayi Ranjan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Soumyabrata Banik
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ashmini Poddar
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Vishwanath Managuli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Ji Y, Wang L, Zhou R, Yang X, Li S, Cen S, Li Y. Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of 1-aryl-4-arylmethylpiperazine derivatives as Zika virus inhibitors with broad antiviral spectrum. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 103:117682. [PMID: 38493729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) disease has been given attention due to the risk of congenital microcephaly and neurodevelopmental disorders after ZIKV infection in pregnancy, but no vaccine or antiviral drug is available. Based on a previously reported ZIKV inhibitor ZK22, a series of novel 1-aryl-4-arylmethylpiperazine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and investigated for antiviral activity by quantify cellular ZIKV RNA amount using RT-qPCR method in ZIKV-infected human venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) assay. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis demonstrated that anti-ZIKV activity of 1-aryl-4-arylmethylpiperazine derivatives is not correlated with molecular hydrophobicity, multiple new derivatives with pyridine group to replace the benzonitrile moiety of ZK22 showed stronger antiviral activity, higher ligand lipophilicity efficiency as well as lower cytotoxicity. Two active compounds 13 and 33 were further identified as novel ZIKV entry inhibitors with the potential of oral available. Moreover, both ZK22 and newly active derivatives also possess of obvious inhibition on the viral replication of coronavirus and influenza A virus at low micromolar level. In summary, this work provided better candidates of ZIKV inhibitor for preclinical study and revealed the promise of 1-aryl-4-arylmethylpiperazine chemotype in the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ji
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaotang Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Siqi Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shan Cen
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanping Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Rodrigues MMDS, Júnior AMP, Fukutani ER, Bergamaschi KB, Araújo-Pereira M, Salgado VR, de Queiroz ATL. The impact of ZIKV infection on gene expression in neural cells over time. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290209. [PMID: 38512822 PMCID: PMC10956780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak caused one of the most significant medical emergencies in the Americas due to associated microcephaly in newborns. To evaluate the impact of ZIKV infection on neuronal cells over time, we retrieved gene expression data from several ZIKV-infected samples obtained at different time point post-infection (pi). Differential gene expression analysis was applied at each time point, with more differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified at 72h pi. There were 5 DEGs (PLA2G2F, TMEM71, PKD1L2, UBD, and TNFAIP3 genes) across all timepoints, which clearly distinguished between infected and healthy samples. The highest expression levels of all five genes were identified at 72h pi. Taken together, our results indicate that ZIKV infection greatly impacts human neural cells at early times of infection, with peak perturbation observed at 72h pi. Our analysis revealed that all five DEGs, in samples of ZIKV-infected human neural stem cells, remained highly upregulated across the timepoints evaluated. Moreover, despite the pronounced inflammatory host response observed throughout infection, the impact of ZIKV is variable over time. Finally, the five DEGs identified herein play prominent roles in infection, and could serve to guide future investigations into virus-host interaction, as well as constitute targets for therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Rocha Fukutani
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional (LPCT), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional (LPCT), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Trancoso Lopo de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional (LPCT), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
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Rippee-Brooks MD, Wu W, Dong J, Pappolla M, Fang X, Bao X. Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease? Pathogens 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38535583 PMCID: PMC10974111 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating condition, is reported to be the most common type of dementia, with at least 55 million people believed to be currently affected. Many causation hypotheses of AD exist, yet the intriguing link between viral infection and its possible contribution to the known etiology of AD has become an attractive focal point of research for the field and a challenging study task. In this review, we will explore the historical perspective and milestones that led the field to investigate the viral connection to AD. Specifically, several viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Zika virus (ZIKV), and severe cute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along with several others mentioned, include the various viruses presently considered within the field. We delve into the strong evidence implicating these viruses in the development of AD such as the lytic replication and axonal transport of HSV-1, the various mechanisms of ZIKV neurotropism through the human protein Musashi-1 (MSI1), and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the transfer of the virus through the BBB endothelial cells to glial cells and then to neurons via transsynaptic transfer. We will also explore beyond these mere associations by carefully analyzing the potential mechanisms by which these viruses may contribute to AD pathology. This includes but is not limited to direct neuronal infections, the dysregulation of immune responses, and the impact on protein processing (Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau). Controversies and challenges of the virus-AD relationship emerge as we tease out these potential mechanisms. Looking forward, we emphasize future directions, such as distinct questions and proposed experimentations to explore, that the field should take to tackle the remaining unanswered questions and the glaring research gaps that persist. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the past, present, and future of the potential link between viral infections and their association with AD development while encouraging further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan D. Rippee-Brooks
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Miguel Pappolla
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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Sharma P, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Alotaibi F, Bhardwaj R, Singh IK. A simulation-based approach to target Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with marine compounds for antiviral development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38415996 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant efforts, currently, there is no particular drug available to treat Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. To identify putative inhibitors of the ZIKV RdRp protein's RNA binding function, the present study applied an extensive in-silico drug discovery methodology. The initial phase involved virtual screening using Lipinski's rule of five as a filter, ensuring the selection of molecules with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This process yielded 238 compounds with promising docking scores, ranging from -6.0 to -7.48 kcal/mol, indicative of their potential binding affinity to the ZIKV RdRp. To refine the selection, these compounds underwent a re-docking process, comparing their binding energies with a reference molecule known for its inhibitory action against RdRp. Remarkably, five compounds, labeled CMNPD30598, CMNPD27464, CMNPD25971, CMNPD27444, and CMNPD16599, demonstrated superior re-docking energies compared to the reference, suggesting a stronger interaction with the RdRp allosteric site. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the stability of these complexes over time, reinforcing their potential as RdRp inhibitors. Additionally, the calculation of free binding energies and principal component analysis (PCA) of the free energy landscape offered a deeper understanding of the binding dynamics and energetics. This study not only highlights the utility of marine fungi compounds in antiviral drug discovery but also showcases the power of computational tools in identifying novel therapeutics. The identified compounds represent promising candidates for further experimental validation and development as ZIKV RdRp inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Poona College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Dong HL, Chen ZL, He MJ, Cui JZ, Cheng H, Wang QY, Xiong XH, Liu G, Chen HP. The Chimeric Chaoyang-Zika Vaccine Candidate Is Safe and Protective in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:215. [PMID: 38400198 PMCID: PMC10893063 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes congenital syndromes including microcephaly and fetal demise in pregnant women. No commercial vaccines against ZIKV are currently available. We previously generated a chimeric ZIKV (ChinZIKV) based on the Chaoyang virus (CYV) by replacing the prME protein of CYV with that of a contemporary ZIKV strain GZ01. Herein, we evaluated this vaccine candidate in a mouse model and showed that ChinZIKV was totally safe in both adult and suckling immunodeficient mice. No viral RNA was detected in the serum of mice inoculated with ChinZIKV. All of the mice inoculated with ChinZIKV survived, while mice inoculated with ZIKV succumbed to infection in 8 days. A single dose of ChinZIKV partially protected mice against lethal ZIKV challenge. In contrast, all the control PBS-immunized mice succumbed to infection after ZIKV challenge. Our results warrant further development of ChinZIKV as a vaccine candidate in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui-Peng Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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36
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Elliott KC, Mattapallil JJ. Zika Virus-A Reemerging Neurotropic Arbovirus Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Neuropathogenesis. Pathogens 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38392915 PMCID: PMC10892292 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging flavivirus that is primarily spread through bites from infected mosquitos. It was first discovered in 1947 in sentinel monkeys in Uganda and has since been the cause of several outbreaks, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. Unlike earlier outbreaks, the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil was characterized by the emergence of neurovirulent strains of ZIKV strains that could be sexually and perinatally transmitted, leading to the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in newborns, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) along with encephalitis and meningitis in adults. The immune response elicited by ZIKV infection is highly effective and characterized by the induction of both ZIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies and robust effector CD8+ T cell responses. However, the structural similarities between ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) lead to the induction of cross-reactive immune responses that could potentially enhance subsequent DENV infection, which imposes a constraint on the development of a highly efficacious ZIKV vaccine. The isolation and characterization of antibodies capable of cross-neutralizing both ZIKV and DENV along with cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses suggest that vaccine immunogens can be designed to overcome these constraints. Here we review the structural characteristics of ZIKV along with the evidence of neuropathogenesis associated with ZIKV infection and the complex nature of the immune response that is elicited by ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Elliott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Joseph J. Mattapallil
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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37
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Hcini N, Lambert V, Picone O, Carod JF, Carles G, Pomar L, Epelboin L, Nacher M. Arboviruses and pregnancy: are the threats visible or hidden? Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2024; 10:4. [PMID: 38355934 PMCID: PMC10868105 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviral diseases are a global concern and can have severe consequences on maternal, neonatal, and child health. Their impact on pregnancy tends to be neglected in developing countries. Despite hundreds of millions of infections, 90% pregnancies being exposed, scientific data on pregnant women is poor and sometimes non-existent. Recently and since the 2016 Zika virus outbreak, there has been a newfound interest in these diseases. Through various neuropathogenic, visceral, placental, and teratogenic mechanisms, these arbovirus infections can lead to fetal losses, obstetrical complications, and a wide range of congenital abnormalities, resulting in long-term neurological and sensory impairments. Climate change, growing urbanization, worldwide interconnectivity, and ease of mobility allow arboviruses to spread to other territories and impact populations that had never been in contact with these emerging agents before. Pregnant travelers are also at risk of infection with potential subsequent complications. Beyond that, these pathologies show the inequalities of access to care on a global scale in a context of demographic growth and increasing urbanization. It is essential to promote research, diagnostic tools, treatments, and vaccine development to address this emerging threat.Background The vulnerability of pregnant women and fetuses to emergent and re-emergent pathogens has been notably illustrated by the outbreaks of Zika virus. Our comprehension of the complete scope and consequences of these infections during pregnancy remains limited, particularly among those involved in perinatal healthcare, such as obstetricians and midwives. This review aims to provide the latest information and recommendations regarding the various risks, management, and prevention for pregnant women exposed to arboviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeh Hcini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West French Guiana Hospital Center, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana.
- CIC Inserm 1424 and DFR Santé Université Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France.
| | - Véronique Lambert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West French Guiana Hospital Center, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana
| | - Olivier Picone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance Publique : Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, CEDEX, Colombes, France
| | - Jean-Francois Carod
- Department of Biology, West French Guiana Hospital Center, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana
| | - Gabriel Carles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West French Guiana Hospital Center, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana
| | - Léo Pomar
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department "Woman-Mother-Child", Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Cruz KG, Eron MH, Makhaik S, Savinov S, Hardy JA. A Non-Active-Site Inhibitor with Selectivity for Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 Protease. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:412-425. [PMID: 38265226 PMCID: PMC11099878 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Flavivirus infection usually results in fever accompanied by headache, arthralgia, and, in some cases, rash. Although the symptoms are mild, full recovery can take several months. Flaviviruses encode seven nonstructural proteins that represent potential drug targets for this viral family. Focusing on the Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease, we uncovered a unique inhibitor, MH1, composed of aminothiazolopyridine and benzofuran moieties. MH1 inhibits ZVP with a biochemical IC50 of 440 nM and effectively blocks cleavage of ZVP substrates in cells. Surprisingly, MH1 inhibits the other flaviviral proteases at least 18-fold more weakly. This same phenomenon was observed in assays of the viral cytopathic effect, where only Zika virus showed sensitivity to MH1. This selectivity was unexpected since flaviviral proteases have high similarity in sequence and protein structure. MH1 binds at an allosteric site, as demonstrated by its ability to stabilize ZVP synergistically with an active site inhibitor. To understand its selectivity, we constructed a series of hybrid proteases composed of select segments of ZVP, which is sensitive to MH1, and dengue virus protease, which is essentially insensitive to MH1. Our results suggest that MH1 binds to the NS3 protease domain, disrupting its interaction with NS2B. These interactions are essential for substrate binding and cleavage. In particular, the unique dynamic properties of NS2B from Zika seem to be required for the function of MH1. Insights into the mechanism of MH1 function will aid us in developing non-active-site-directed, pan-flaviviral inhibitors, by highlighting the importance of evaluating and considering the dynamics of the NS2B regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sparsh Makhaik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, US 01002
| | | | - Jeanne A. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, US 01002
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Censi S, Bisaccia G, Gallina S, Tomassini V, Uncini A. Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis on a debated issue and evidence for the 'Italian factor'. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16094. [PMID: 37823707 PMCID: PMC11235836 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association between Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is debated. This study reappraises, after three pandemic years, the epidemiological data and the features of GBS in SARS-CoV-2 patients. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports/series and cohort studies published between 1 January 2020 and 19 April 2023 was performed. RESULTS In all, 209 case reports/series (304 patients) and 26 cohort studies were included. The risk of GBS in northern Italy during the first pandemic wave was 2.85 times increased (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54; 5.25) whereas in some countries the risk during the first pandemic year was 0.17 times reduced (risk ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.75; 0.93). The incidence of GBS in SARS-CoV-2 Italian hospitalized cohorts was 8.55 per 1000 (95% CI 5.33; 12.49) with an estimated incidence of 0.13 GBS per 1000 in the SARS-CoV-2 infected population. In European cohorts the pooled rate of GBS with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 61.3% of the total. GBS patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed more frequently, but not differently from non-infected patients, the classical clinical presentation and the demyelinating subtype. Cranial nerves were more frequently involved in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk of GBS occurred in northern Italy during early COVID-19 pandemic. The recognition of the 'Italian factor' reconciles contrasting results of the epidemiological studies. The slightly reduced GBS risk in other countries and the relatively high frequency of GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection can be explained by the adopted health measures that decreased the circulation of other GBS infective antecedents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Censi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Giandomenico Bisaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
- Clinical NeurologySS. Annunziata University HospitalChietiItaly
| | - Antonino Uncini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB)‘G. d'Annunzio’ University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
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Link N, Harnish JM, Hull B, Gibson S, Dietze M, Mgbike UE, Medina-Balcazar S, Shah PS, Yamamoto S. A Zika virus protein expression screen in Drosophila to investigate targeted host pathways during development. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050297. [PMID: 38214058 PMCID: PMC10924231 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global public health concern. Although adult infections are typically mild, maternal infection can lead to adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding how ZIKV proteins disrupt development can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease caused by this virus, which includes microcephaly. In this study, we generated a toolkit to ectopically express ZIKV proteins in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster in a tissue-specific manner using the GAL4/UAS system. We used this toolkit to identify phenotypes and potential host pathways targeted by the virus. Our work identified that expression of most ZIKV proteins caused scorable phenotypes, such as overall lethality, gross morphological defects, reduced brain size and neuronal function defects. We further used this system to identify strain-dependent phenotypes that may have contributed to the increased pathogenesis associated with the outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas in 2015. Our work demonstrates the use of Drosophila as an efficient in vivo model to rapidly decipher how pathogens cause disease and lays the groundwork for further molecular study of ZIKV pathogenesis in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Link
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J. Michael Harnish
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brooke Hull
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shelley Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Miranda Dietze
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Silvia Medina-Balcazar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Súkeníková L, Mallone A, Schreiner B, Ripellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target peripheral nerves in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nature 2024; 626:160-168. [PMID: 38233524 PMCID: PMC10830418 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare heterogenous disorder of the peripheral nervous system, which is usually triggered by a preceding infection, and causes a potentially life-threatening progressive muscle weakness1. Although GBS is considered an autoimmune disease, the mechanisms that underlie its distinct clinical subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, by combining in vitro T cell screening, single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we identify autoreactive memory CD4+ cells, that show a cytotoxic T helper 1 (TH1)-like phenotype, and rare CD8+ T cells that target myelin antigens of the peripheral nerves in patients with the demyelinating disease variant. We characterized more than 1,000 autoreactive single T cell clones, which revealed a polyclonal TCR repertoire, short CDR3β lengths, preferential HLA-DR restrictions and recognition of immunodominant epitopes. We found that autoreactive TCRβ clonotypes were expanded in the blood of the same patient at distinct disease stages and, notably, that they were shared in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid across different patients with GBS, but not in control individuals. Finally, we identified myelin-reactive T cells in the nerve biopsy from one patient, which indicates that these cells contribute directly to disease pathophysiology. Collectively, our data provide clear evidence of autoreactive T cell immunity in a subset of patients with GBS, and open new perspectives in the field of inflammatory peripheral neuropathies, with potential impact for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Súkeníková
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Mallone
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Schreiner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Ripellino
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S E Ulbrich
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - D Latorre
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hadhiah K, Alhashim A, Al-Dandan HA, Alhassan E, Alqarni AM, Memish AAA, Alabdali M. Guillain-Barré syndrome post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a systematic review and data analysis on its clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and radiological features. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1332364. [PMID: 38352138 PMCID: PMC10863047 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1332364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disease that affects almost 0.8-1.9 cases per 100,000 people worldwide every year. This is the most prevalent cause of subacute flaccid paralyzing illness today. It is a subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; the typical scenario involves ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis, but in some circumstances, sensory, autonomic, and cranial neuropathy may also be involved. Several vaccines have been found to have complications since the previous century. Numerous case reports of GBS in the literature have been reported following COVID-19 vaccines in recent times. Objective This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive examination of GBS cases that have been reported after COVID-19 vaccines; to analyze the descriptive statistical analysis of data gathered regarding clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and radiological characteristics; to discuss, based on the available evidence, whether the disease has a preference for a particular vaccine type; and to speculate on the potential pathogenesis. Methodology This review has been carried out by recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Result Reviewing 60 case reports illustrated that most of them are from the USA (18.1%) and the majority of affected individuals were males (60%). The results favored the association between vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, particularly AstraZeneca vaccine, and the GBS. The mean of symptoms onset is 11.4 days. The results of diagnostic tests such as LP are consistent mostly with albumin-cytological dissociation (81.81%), where brain and spine MRI was unremarkable in 59.52%. Regarding electrodiagnostic tests, AIDP is the most common variant (61.81%). The management was not consistent among the case reports. However, IVIG is the most frequent way of treating these patients (68.33%). The functional outcome was documented in 47 patients; 65% improved with medical management. Conclusion This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of reported cases of GBS following COVID-19 vaccines and descriptive statistical analysis of collected data on clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and radiological features, to discuss, based on available results, whether the disease has a predilection to a specific vaccine type and to speculate the potential pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Alhashim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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43
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de Sales-Neto JM, Madruga Carvalho DC, Arruda Magalhães DW, Araujo Medeiros AB, Soares MM, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Zika virus: Antiviral immune response, inflammation, and cardiotonic steroids as antiviral agents. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111368. [PMID: 38103408 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus first reported from humans in Nigeria in 1954. The first outbreak occurred in Micronesia followed by an outbreak in French Polynesia and another in Brazil when the virus was associated with numerous cases of severe neurological manifestations such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital zika syndrome in fetuses, particularly congenital microcephaly. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against ZIKV through triggering an antiviral immune response. Along with innate immune responses, a sufficient balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the amount of these cytokines are triggered to enhance the antiviral responses. Here, we reviewed the complex interplay between the mediators and signal pathways that coordinate antiviral immune response and inflammation as a key to understanding the development of the underlying diseases triggered by ZIKV. In addition, we summarize current and new therapeutic strategies for ZIKV infection, highlighting cardiotonic steroids as antiviral drugs for the development of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marreiro de Sales-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Mendonça Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues-Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Shu J, Ma X, Zou J, Yuan Z, Yi Z. Zika virus infection triggers caspase cleavage of STAT1. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0360923. [PMID: 38018976 PMCID: PMC10783001 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03609-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus. Similar to other flaviviruses, ZIKV antagonizes the host interferon (IFN) signaling pathway to establish infection. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which ZIKV antagonizes IFN-induced antiviral signaling may lead to a new antiviral strategy by cracking the IFN antagonism. Flaviviruses have been reported to employ NS5-dependent and -independent mechanisms to block STAT2-mediated signaling, whereas whether flaviviruses target STAT1 remains controversial. Herein, we found that ZIKV infection triggered caspase-dependent cleavage of STAT1 at the aspartic acid 694 during late infection, whereas murine STAT1 (mSTAT1) was resistant to cleavage. Intriguingly, ectopically expressed cleavage-resistant human STAT1.D694A or complementation of cleavable mSTAT1.D695G exerted comparable anti-ZIKV activity with their counterparts, challenging the role of caspase-mediated STAT1 cleavage in the IFN antagonism in ZIKV-infected cells. These data may also imply a dominant role of the antagonism of STAT2 but not STAT1 in ZIKV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yue Z, Zhang X, Gu Y, Liu Y, Lan LM, Liu Y, Li Y, Yang G, Wan P, Chen X. Regulation and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RNA virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1309128. [PMID: 38249297 PMCID: PMC10796458 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1309128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus infection is one of the greatest threats to human life and health. In response to viral infection, the host's innate immune system triggers an antiviral immune response mostly mediated by inflammatory processes. Among the many pathways involved, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has received wide attention in the context of viral infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular sensor composed of three components, including the innate immune receptor NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and the cysteine protease caspase-1. After being assembled, the NLRP3 inflammasome can trigger caspase-1 to induce gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis, promoting the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Recent studies have revealed that a variety of viruses activate or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome via viral particles, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this review, we present a variety of regulatory mechanisms and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome upon RNA viral infection and demonstrate multiple therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome for anti-inflammatory effects in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yue
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Miaoshen Lan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Liu ZY, Li XF, Qin CF. A Stable Reverse Genetics System of Zika Virus Based on a Self-Splicing Group II Intron. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2733:207-229. [PMID: 38064035 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3533-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family first isolated from a sentinel monkey in the Zika Forest, Uganda, in 1947. Since 2007, the virus has had a vast geographic expansion that extended to the Americas in 2015, leading to a series of large outbreaks. Although mainly transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, human infection of ZIKV can also happen through unconventional routes such as sexual intercourse and, more importantly, vertical transmission. The genome of ZIKV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule about 11 kb in length. The genome contains a single opening reading frame (ORF) flanked by highly structured 5' and 3' untranslated regions. To understand the mechanisms about ZIKV replication, transmission, and pathogenesis, reverse genetic tools are of great importance. In this chapter, a novel system is described for the generation and manipulation of a ZIKV infectious clone stabilized by a self-splicing group II intron, a mobile element with ribozyme activity. The intron can be spliced in vitro, and thus full-length vRNA can be prepared allowing virus genome manipulation required for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China.
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López-Rosero A, Sippy R, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Ryan SJ, Mordecai E, Heras F, Beltrán E, Costales JA, Neira M. High prevalence of Zika virus infection in populations of Aedes aegypti from South-western Ecuador. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011908. [PMID: 38236943 PMCID: PMC10826935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed an arboviral survey in mosquitoes from four endemic Ecuadorian cities (Huaquillas, Machala, Portovelo and Zaruma) during the epidemic period 2016-2018. Collections were performed during the pre-rainy season (2016), peak transmission season (2017) and post-rainy season (2018). Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were pooled by date, location and sex. Pools were screened by RT-PCR for the presence of ZIKV RNA, and infection rates (IRs) per 1,000 specimens were calculated. A total of 2,592 pools (comprising 6,197 mosquitoes) were screened. Our results reveal high IRs in all cities and periods sampled. Overall IRs among female mosquitoes were highest in Machala (89.2), followed by Portovelo (66.4), Zaruma (47.4) and Huaquillas (41.9). Among male mosquitoes, overall IRs were highest in Machala (35.6), followed by Portovelo (33.1), Huaquillas (31.9) and Zaruma (27.9), suggesting that alternative transmission routes (vertical/venereal) can play important roles for ZIKV maintenance in the vector population of these areas. Additionally, we propose that the stabilization of ZIKV vertical transmission in the vector population could help explain the presence of high IRs in field-caught mosquitoes during inter-epidemic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea López-Rosero
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Laboratory, Department of Geography and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Froilán Heras
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Efraín Beltrán
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Jaime A. Costales
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Neira
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Madden J, Spadaro A, Koyfman A, Long B. High risk and low prevalence diseases: Guillain-Barré syndrome. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 75:90-97. [PMID: 37925758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious condition that carries with it a high rate of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This review highlights the pearls and pitfalls of GBS, including presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence. DISCUSSION GBS is a rare immune-mediated neurologic disorder with peripheral nerve injury. It most commonly presents weeks after a bacterial or viral infection, though there are a variety of associated inciting events. The diagnosis is challenging and often subtle, as only 25-30% of patients are diagnosed on their initial healthcare visit. Clinicians should consider GBS in patients with progressive ascending weakness involving the lower extremities associated with hyporeflexia, but the cranial nerves, respiratory system, and autonomic system may be involved. While the ED diagnosis should be based on clinical assessment, further evaluation includes laboratory testing, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and potentially neuroimaging. Not all patients demonstrate albumino-cytological dissociation on CSF testing. Several criteria exist to assist with diagnosis, including the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke criteria and the Brighton criteria. Management focuses first on assessment of the patient's hemodynamic and respiratory status, which may require emergent intervention. Significant fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure may occur, and respiratory muscle weakness may result in the need for airway protection. Neurology consultation is recommended, and definitive treatment includes PLEX or IVIG. CONCLUSIONS An understanding of GBS can assist emergency clinicians in diagnosing and managing this potentially deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Madden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brit Long
- SAUSHEC, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.
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Chaudhary N, Newby AN, Whitehead KA. Non-Viral RNA Delivery During Pregnancy: Opportunities and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2306134. [PMID: 38145340 PMCID: PMC11196389 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the risk of maternal and fetal adversities increases due to physiological changes, genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and infections. Unfortunately, treatment options are severely limited because many essential interventions are unsafe, inaccessible, or lacking in sufficient scientific data to support their use. One potential solution to this challenge may lie in emerging RNA therapeutics for gene therapy, protein replacement, maternal vaccination, fetal gene editing, and other prenatal treatment applications. In this review, the current landscape of RNA platforms and non-viral RNA delivery technologies that are under active development for administration during pregnancy is explored. Advancements of pregnancy-specific RNA drugs against SARS-CoV-2, Zika, influenza, preeclampsia, and for in-utero gene editing are discussed. Finally, this study highlights bottlenecks that are impeding translation efforts of RNA therapies, including the lack of accurate cell-based and animal models of human pregnancy and concerns related to toxicity and immunogenicity during pregnancy. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate the rapid development of this new class of pregnancy-safe drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Alexandra N. Newby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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50
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Zhang B, Yu J, Zhu G, Huang Y, Zhang K, Xiao X, He W, Yuan J, Gao X. Dapoxetine, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Suppresses Zika Virus Infection In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:8142. [PMID: 38138628 PMCID: PMC10745718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, and is a pathogen posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, there is a lack of internationally approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of ZIKV infection, and symptomatic management remains the primary clinical approach. Consequently, the exploration of safe and effective anti-ZIKV drugs has emerged as a paramount imperative in ZIKV control efforts. In this study, we performed a screening of a compound library consisting of 1789 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential agents with anti-ZIKV activity. We have identified dapoxetine, an orally administered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly employed for the clinical management of premature ejaculation (PE), as a potential inhibitor of ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Consequently, we conducted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to validate the specific binding of dapoxetine to ZIKV RdRp, and further evaluated its inhibitory effect on ZIKV RdRp synthesis using the ZIKV Gluc reporter gene assay. Furthermore, we substantiated the efficacy of dapoxetine in suppressing intracellular replication of ZIKV, thereby demonstrating a concentration-dependent antiviral effect (EC50 values ranging from 4.20 μM to 12.6 μM) and negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM) across diverse cell lines. Moreover, cell fluorescence staining and Western blotting assays revealed that dapoxetine effectively reduced the expression of ZIKV proteins. Collectively, our findings suggest that dapoxetine exhibits anti-ZIKV effects by inhibiting ZIKV RdRp activity, positioning it as a potential candidate for clinical therapeutic intervention against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Xuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxuan He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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