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Quan M, Zhang X, Fang Q, Lv X, Wang X, Zong Z. Fighting against Clostridioides difficile infection: Current medications. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107198. [PMID: 38734214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) has been regarded as an 'urgent threat' and a significant global health problem, as life-threatening diarrhoea and refractory recurrence are common in patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). Unfortunately, the available anti-CDI drugs are limited. Recent guidelines recommend fidaxomicin and vancomycin as first-line drugs to treat CDI, bezlotoxumab to prevent recurrence, and faecal microbiota transplantation for rescue treatment. Currently, researchers are investigating therapeutic antibacterial drugs (e.g. teicoplanin, ridinilazole, ibezapolstat, surotomycin, cadazolid, and LFF571), preventive medications against recurrence (e.g. Rebyota, Vowst, VP20621, VE303, RBX7455, and MET-2), primary prevention strategies (e.g. vaccine, ribaxamase, and DAV132) and other anti-CDI medications in the preclinical stage (e.g. Raja 42, Myxopyronin B, and bacteriophage). This narrative review summarises current medications, including newly marketed drugs and products in development against CDI, to help clinicians treat CDI appropriately and to call for more research on innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Quan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Fang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoju Lv
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Di Bella S, Sanson G, Monticelli J, Zerbato V, Principe L, Giuffrè M, Pipitone G, Luzzati R. Clostridioides difficile infection: history, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future options. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0013523. [PMID: 38421181 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the major issues in nosocomial infections. This bacterium is constantly evolving and poses complex challenges for clinicians, often encountered in real-life scenarios. In the face of CDI, we are increasingly equipped with new therapeutic strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies and live biotherapeutic products, which need to be thoroughly understood to fully harness their benefits. Moreover, interesting options are currently under study for the future, including bacteriophages, vaccines, and antibiotic inhibitors. Surveillance and prevention strategies continue to play a pivotal role in limiting the spread of the infection. In this review, we aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of epidemiological aspects, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and current and future prophylactic and therapeutic options for C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo Monticelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mauro Giuffrè
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pipitone
- Infectious Diseases Unit, ARNAS Civico-Di Cristina Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
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Foppa C, Rizkala T, Repici A, Hassan C, Spinelli A. Microbiota and IBD: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:911-922. [PMID: 38008696 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting disease with a remarkable increase in incidence worldwide and a substantial disease burden. Although the pathophysiology is not fully elucidated yet an aberrant immune reaction against the intestinal microbiota and the gut microbial dysbiosis have been identified to play a major role. The composition of gut microbiota in IBD patients is distinct from that of healthy individuals, with certain organisms predominating over others. Differences in the microbial dysbiosis have been also observed between Crohn Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). A disruption of the microbiota's balance can lead to inflammation and intestinal damage. Microbiota composition in IBD can be affected both by endogenous (i.e., interaction with the immune system and intestinal epithelial cells) and exogenous (i.e., medications, surgery, diet) factors. The complex interplay between the gut microbiota and IBD is an area of great interest for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing new treatments. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest evidence on the role of microbiota in IBD pathogenesis and to explore possible future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Foppa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommy Rizkala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Sahle Z, Engidaye G, Shenkute Gebreyes D, Adenew B, Abebe TA. Fecal microbiota transplantation and next-generation therapies: A review on targeting dysbiosis in metabolic disorders and beyond. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241257486. [PMID: 38826830 PMCID: PMC11143861 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241257486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, has emerged as a central determinant of health and disease. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial composition of the gut, is associated with a variety of metabolic and other diseases, highlighting the potential for microbiota-targeted treatments. Fecal microbiota transplantation has received considerable attention as a promising therapy to modulate the gut microbiome and restore microbial homeostasis. However, challenges remain, including standardization, safety, and long-term efficacy. This review summarizes current knowledge on fecal microbiota transplantation and describes the next generation therapies targeting microbiome. This review looked at the mechanistic understanding of fecal microbiota transplantation and alternative strategies, elucidating their potential role in improving dysbiosis-associated metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and type 2 diabetes and others. Additionally, this review discussed the growing application of therapies targeting the gut microbiome. Insights from clinical trials, preclinical studies, and emerging technologies provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of microbiome-based interventions. Through a critical assessment of current advances and prospects, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting gut microbiome and pave the way for innovative approaches in precision medicine and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenawork Sahle
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Getabalew Engidaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Demissew Shenkute Gebreyes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Behailu Adenew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan Compressive Specialized Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Asfaw Abebe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Deng Y, Hou X, Wang H, Du H, Liu Y. Influence of Gut Microbiota-Mediated Immune Regulation on Response to Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:604. [PMID: 38794174 PMCID: PMC11123941 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the gut microbiota in anti-cancer treatment has gained increasing attention. Alterations to the structure and function of the gut bacteria are important factors in the development of cancer as well as the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent studies have confirmed that the gut microbiota and related metabolites influence the pharmacological activity of chemotherapeutic agents through interactions with the immune system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of how malignant tumor and chemotherapy affect the gut microbiota, how the gut microbiota regulates host immune response, and how interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune response influence the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent advances in strategies for increasing the efficiency of chemotherapy based on the gut microbiota are also described. Deciphering the complex homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiota and host immunity provides a solid scientific basis for bacterial intervention in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Soueges S, Cheynet V, Briot T, Merveilleux du Vignaux C, Benech N, Ader F. Clinical remission after faecal microbiota transplantation in transplanted recipients with refractory chronic Norovirus infections: a retrospective case series. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00212-X. [PMID: 38697391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Soueges
- Départment des Maladies Infectieuses et tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France.
| | - Valérie Cheynet
- Laboratoire commun de Recherche des Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Thomas Briot
- Département de Pharmacie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France; French Fecal Transplant Group, France
| | | | - Nicolas Benech
- French Fecal Transplant Group, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, F-69003, Lyon, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CRCL, Lyon, France; Lyon GEM Groupe d'étude du microbiote, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Départment des Maladies Infectieuses et tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France; French Fecal Transplant Group, France; Lyon GEM Groupe d'étude du microbiote, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, France
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Tian Y, Zhao M, Fu X. Editorial: Gastric microbiota dysbiosis and gastric diseases. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1390896. [PMID: 38725682 PMCID: PMC11079301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Guo Z, He K, Pang K, Yang D, Lyu C, Xu H, Wu D. Exploring Advanced Therapies for Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Insights from the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-Immunity Network. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4321. [PMID: 38673905 PMCID: PMC11050225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by immune-mediated injury to small bile ducts. Although PBC is an autoimmune disease, the effectiveness of conventional immunosuppressive therapy is disappointing. Nearly 40% of PBC patients do not respond to the first-line drug UDCA. Without appropriate intervention, PBC patients eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and even death. There is an urgent need to develop new therapies. The gut-liver axis emphasizes the interconnection between the gut and the liver, and evidence is increasing that gut microbiota and bile acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic diseases. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, imbalance of bile acids, and immune-mediated bile duct injury constitute the triad of pathophysiology in PBC. Autoimmune cholangitis has the potential to be improved through immune system modulation. Considering the failure of conventional immunotherapies and the involvement of gut microbiota and bile acids in the pathogenesis, targeting immune factors associated with them, such as bile acid receptors, microbial-derived molecules, and related specific immune cells, may offer breakthroughs. Understanding the gut microbiota-bile acid network and related immune dysfunctions in PBC provides a new perspective on therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we summarize the latest advances in research of gut microbiota and bile acids in PBC and, for the first time, explore the possibility of related immune factors as novel immunotherapy targets. This article discusses potential therapeutic approaches focusing on regulating gut microbiota, maintaining bile acid homeostasis, their interactions, and related immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Daiyu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Chengzhen Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
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Peddinti V, Avaghade MM, Suthar SU, Rout B, Gomte SS, Agnihotri TG, Jain A. Gut instincts: Unveiling the connection between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:266-280. [PMID: 38479921 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuroinflammation and gradual cognitive decline. Recent research has revealed that the gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanism by which GM and microbial metabolites alter brain function is not clearly understood. GM dysbiosis increases the permeability of the intestine, alters the blood-brain barrier permeability, and elevates proinflammatory mediators causing neurodegeneration. This review article introduced us to the composition and functions of GM along with its repercussions of dysbiosis in relation to AD. We also discussed the importance of the gut-brain axis and its role in communication. Later we focused on the mechanism behind gut dysbiosis and the progression of AD including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, we highlighted recent developments in AD management, such as microbiota-based therapy, dietary interventions like prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Finally, we concluded with challenges and future directions in AD research based on GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Peddinti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj Mohan Avaghade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Umedmal Suthar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Biswajit Rout
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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van Dorst MMAR, Pyuza JJ, Nkurunungi G, Kullaya VI, Smits HH, Hogendoorn PCW, Wammes LJ, Everts B, Elliott AM, Jochems SP, Yazdanbakhsh M. Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:250-263. [PMID: 37770632 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical regions. For example, attenuated malaria vaccines in high-income countries confer almost 100% protection, whereas in low-income regions these same vaccines achieve only 20-50% protection. This trend is also observed for other vaccines, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rotavirus and yellow fever vaccines, in terms of either immunogenicity or efficacy. Multiple environmental factors affect vaccine responses, including pathogen exposure, microbiota composition and dietary nutrients. However, there has been variable success with interventions that target these individual factors, highlighting the need for a better understanding of their downstream immunological mechanisms to develop new ways of modulating vaccine responses. Here, we review the immunological factors that underlie geographical variation in vaccine responses. Through the identification of causal pathways that link environmental influences to vaccine responsiveness, it might become possible to devise modulatory compounds that can complement vaccines for better outcomes in regions where they are needed most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes M A R van Dorst
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeremia J Pyuza
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gyaviira Nkurunungi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vesla I Kullaya
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Linda J Wammes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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11
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Stallmach A, von Müller L, Storr M, Link A, Konturek PC, Solbach PC, Weiss KH, Wahler S, Vehreschild MJGT. [Fecal Microbiota Transfer (FMT) in Germany - Status and Perspective]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:490-499. [PMID: 37187187 DOI: 10.1055/a-2075-2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is a treatment to modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota. Its use in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) is established throughout Europe and recommended in national and international guidelines. In Germany, the FMT is codeable in the hospital reimbursement system. A comprehensive survey on the frequency of use based on this coding is missing so far. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Reports of the Institute for Hospital Remuneration (InEK), the Federal Statistical Office (DESTATIS), and hospital quality reports 2015-2021 were examined for FMT coding and evaluated in a structured expert consultation. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2021, 1,645 FMT procedures were coded by 175 hospitals. From 2016 to 2018, this was a median of 293 (274-313) FMT annually, followed by a steady decline in subsequent years to 119 FMT in 2021. Patients with FMT were 57.7% female, median age 74 years, and FMT was applied colonoscopically in 72.2%. CDI was the primary diagnosis in 86.8% of cases, followed by ulcerative colitis in 7.6%. DISCUSSION In Germany, FMT is used less frequently than in the European comparison. One application hurdle is the regulatory classification of FMT as a non-approved drug, which leads to significantly higher costs in manufacturing and administration and makes reimbursement difficult. The European Commission recently proposed a regulation to classify FMT as a transplant. This could prospectively change the regulatory situation of FMT in Germany and thus contribute to a nationwide offer of a therapeutic procedure recommended in guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stallmach
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Alexander Link
- Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Peter C Konturek
- Thüringen-Klinik Saalfeld Georgius Agricola GmbH, Saalfeld, Deutschland
| | | | - Karl Heinz Weiss
- Krankenhaus Salem der Evang. Stadtmission Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | | | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xu T, Zeng L, Liu F, Huang X, Liu Q. Interactions among microorganisms open up a new world for anti-infectious therapy. FEBS J 2024; 291:1615-1631. [PMID: 36527169 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome, containing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is a community that coexists peacefully with humans most of the time, but with the potential to cause disease under certain conditions. When the environment changes or certain stimuli are received, microbes may interact with each other, causing or increasing the severity of disease in a host. With the appropriate methods, we can make these microbiota work for us, creating new applications for human health. This review discusses the wide range of interactions between microorganisms that result in an increase in susceptibility to, severity of, and mortality of diseases, and also briefly introduces how microorganisms interact with each other directly or indirectly. The study of microbial interactions and their mechanisms has revealed a new world of treatments for infectious disease. The regulation of the balance between intestinal flora, the correct application of probiotics, and the development of effective drugs by symbiosis all demonstrate the great contributions of the microbiota to human health and its powerful potential value. Consequently, the study of interactions between microorganisms plays an essential role in identifying the causes of diseases and the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejia Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hanchi Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Fadi Liu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
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13
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Liu K, Yin Y, Shi C, Yan C, Zhang Y, Qiu L, He S, Li G. Asiaticoside ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory response, protecting intestinal barrier and regulating intestinal microecology. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2023-2040. [PMID: 38384110 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases and poses a serious threat to human health. Currently, safe and effective preventive measures are unavailable. In this study, the protective effects of asiaticoside (AS) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated. In this experiment, colitis was induced in mice with DSS. Subsequently, the role of AS in colitis and its underlying mechanisms were examined using H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blot, Elisa, FMT, and other assays. The results showed that AS significantly attenuated the related symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice. In addition, AS inhibited the activation of signaling pathways TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK reduced the release of inflammatory factors, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response in mice. AS administration also restored the permeability of the intestinal barrier by increasing the levels of tight junction-associated proteins (claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1). In addition, AS rebalanced the intestinal flora of DSS-treated mice by increasing the diversity of the flora. AS can alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by maintaining the intestinal barrier, thus inhibiting the signaling pathways TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK activation, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, and regulating intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chong Shi
- Anorectal Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chengqiu Yan
- Anorectal Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Qiu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangyan He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Anorectal Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Abenavoli L, Gambardella ML, Scarlata GGM, Lenci I, Baiocchi L, Luzza F. The Many Faces of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Treatment: From the Mediterranean Diet to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:563. [PMID: 38674209 PMCID: PMC11051743 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the gut microbiota. The main phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, now renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), an alteration in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance promotes its pathogenesis and evolution into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. For this reason, early treatment is necessary to counteract its progression. The aim of the present narrative review is to evaluate the different therapeutic approaches to MAFLD. The most important treatment for MAFLD is lifestyle changes. In this regard, the Mediterranean diet could be considered the gold standard in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. In contrast, a Western diet should be discouraged. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation seem to be valid, safe, and effective alternatives for MAFLD treatment. However, more studies with a longer follow-up and with a larger cohort of patients are needed to underline the more effective approaches to contrasting MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.G.M.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Maria Luisa Gambardella
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.G.M.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.G.M.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.G.M.S.); (F.L.)
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15
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Wang S, Zhou S, Han Z, Yu B, Xu Y, Lin Y, Chen Y, Jin Z, Li Y, Cao Q, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Wang YC. From gut to brain: understanding the role of microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384270. [PMID: 38576620 PMCID: PMC10991805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With the proposal of the "biological-psychological-social" model, clinical decision-makers and researchers have paid more attention to the bidirectional interactive effects between psychological factors and diseases. The brain-gut-microbiota axis, as an important pathway for communication between the brain and the gut, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews the mechanism by which psychological disorders mediate inflammatory bowel disease by affecting the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Research progress on inflammatory bowel disease causing "comorbidities of mind and body" through the microbiota-gut-brain axis is also described. In addition, to meet the needs of individualized treatment, this article describes some nontraditional and easily overlooked treatment strategies that have led to new ideas for "psychosomatic treatment".
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalong Li
- Anorectal Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qinhan Cao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chengdu, China
| | - Yunying Xu
- Clinical Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Zhang F, Lu G, Wang X, Wu L, Li R, Nie Y. Concept, breakthrough, and future of colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:633-635. [PMID: 38321613 PMCID: PMC10950190 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faming Zhang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Gaochen Lu
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lihao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510062, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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17
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Schreiber F, Balas I, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38534321 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosal epithelium is one of the largest organs in the body and plays a critical role in regulating the crosstalk between the resident microbiome and the host. To this effect, the tight control of what is permitted through this barrier is of high importance. There should be restricted passage of harmful microorganisms and antigens while at the same time allowing the absorption of nutrients and water. An increased gut permeability, or "leaky gut", has been associated with a variety of diseases ranging from infections, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases to neurological conditions. Several factors can affect gut permeability, including cytokines, dietary components, and the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss how the gut microbiome impacts the permeability of the gut epithelial barrier and how this can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
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18
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Behling AH, Wilson BC, Ho D, Cutfield WS, Vatanen T, O'Sullivan JM. Horizontal gene transfer after faecal microbiota transplantation in adolescents with obesity. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38347627 PMCID: PMC10860221 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) describes the transmission of DNA outside of direct ancestral lineages. The process is best characterised within the bacterial kingdom and can enable the acquisition of genetic traits that support bacterial adaptation to novel niches. The adaptation of bacteria to novel niches has particular relevance for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a therapeutic procedure which aims to resolve gut-related health conditions of individuals, through transplanted gut microbiota from healthy donors. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-one stool metagenomic samples from a placebo-controlled FMT trial for obese adolescents (the Gut Bugs Trial) were analysed for HGT, using two complementary methodologies. First, all putative HGT events, including historical HGT signatures, were quantified using the bioinformatics application WAAFLE. Second, metagenomic assembly and gene clustering were used to assess and quantify donor-specific genes transferred to recipients following the intervention. Both methodologies found no difference between the level of putative HGT events in the gut microbiomes of FMT and placebo recipients, post-intervention. HGT events facilitated by engrafted donor species in the FMT recipient gut at 6 weeks post-intervention were identified and characterised. Bacterial strains contributing to this subset of HGT events predominantly belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Engraftment-dependent horizontally transferred genes were retained within recipient microbiomes at 12 and 26 weeks post-intervention. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that novel microorganisms introduced into the recipient gut following FMT have no impact on the basal rate of HGT within the human gut microbiome. Analyses of further FMT studies are required to assess the generalisability of this conclusion across different FMT study designs and for the treatment of different gut-related conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Behling
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brooke C Wilson
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Ho
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Australian Parkinsons Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, SydneyDarlinghurst, NSWNSW, 2010, Australia.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Yu F, Zhong Y, Zhang B, Zhou Y, He M, Yang Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Ren X, Qian J, Zhang H, Tian M. A New Theranostic Platform Against Gram-Positive Bacteria Based on Near-Infrared-Emissive Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2308071. [PMID: 38342680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Infections induced by Gram-positive bacteria pose a great threat to public health. Antibiotic therapy, as the first chosen strategy against Gram-positive bacteria, is inevitably associated with antibiotic resistance selection. Novel therapeutic strategies for the discrimination and inactivation of Gram-positive bacteria are thus needed. Here, a specific type of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) with near-infrared fluorescence emission as a novel antibiotic-free therapeutic strategy against Gram-positive bacteria is proposed. With the combination of a positively charged group into a highly twisted architecture, self-assembled AIEgens (AIE nanoparticles (NPs)) at a relatively low concentration (5 µm) exhibited specific binding and photothermal effect against living Gram-positive bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, toxicity assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of AIE NPs at this concentration. All these properties make the AIE NPs as a novel generation of theranostic platform for combating Gram-positive bacteria and highlight their promising potential for in vivo tracing of such bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Mubin He
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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20
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Seton KA, Espejo-Oltra JA, Giménez-Orenga K, Haagmans R, Ramadan DJ, Mehlsen J. Advancing Research and Treatment: An Overview of Clinical Trials in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38256459 PMCID: PMC10816159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, debilitating, and multi-faceted illness. Heterogenous onset and clinical presentation with additional comorbidities make it difficult to diagnose, characterize, and successfully treat. Current treatment guidelines focus on symptom management, but with no clear target or causative mechanism, remission rates are low, and fewer than 5% of patients return to their pre-morbid activity levels. Therefore, there is an urgent need to undertake robust clinical trials to identify effective treatments. This review synthesizes insights from clinical trials exploring pharmacological interventions and dietary supplements targeting immunological, metabolic, gastrointestinal, neurological, and neuroendocrine dysfunction in ME/CFS patients which require further exploration. Additionally, the trialling of alternative interventions in ME/CFS based on reported efficacy in the treatment of illnesses with overlapping symptomology is also discussed. Finally, we provide important considerations and make recommendations, focusing on outcome measures, to ensure the execution of future high-quality clinical trials to establish clinical efficacy of evidence-based interventions that are needed for adoption in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A. Seton
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - José A. Espejo-Oltra
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karen Giménez-Orenga
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rik Haagmans
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Donia J. Ramadan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Jesper Mehlsen
- Surgical Pathophysiology Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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21
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Lauko S, Gancarcikova S, Hrckova G, Hajduckova V, Andrejcakova Z, Fecskeova LK, Bertkova I, Hijova E, Kamlarova A, Janicko M, Ambro L, Kvakova M, Gulasova Z, Strojny L, Strkolcova G, Mudronova D, Madar M, Demeckova V, Nemetova D, Pacuta I, Sopkova D. Beneficial Effect of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation on Mild, Moderate and Severe Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in a Pseudo Germ-Free Animal Model. Biomedicines 2023; 12:43. [PMID: 38255150 PMCID: PMC10813722 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of faecal microbiota (FMT) is generally considered a safe therapeutic procedure with few adverse effects. The main factors that limit the spread of the use of FMT therapy for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are the necessity of minimising the risk of infection and transfer of another disease. Obtaining the animal model of UC (ulcerative colitis) by exposure to DSS (dextran sodium sulphate) depends on many factors that significantly affect the result. Per os intake of DSS with water is individual for each animal and results in the development of a range of various forms of induced UC. For this reason, the aim of our study was to evaluate the modulation and regenerative effects of FMT on the clinical and histopathological responses and the changes in the bowel microenvironment in pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice of the BALB/c line subjected to chemical induction of mild, moderate and serious forms of UC. The goal was to obtain new data related to the safety and effectiveness of FMT that can contribute to its improved and optimised use. The animals with mild and moderate forms of UC subjected to FMT treatment exhibited lower severity of the disease and markedly lower damage to the colon, including reduced clinical and histological disease index and decreased inflammatory response of colon mucosa. However, FMT treatment failed to achieve the expected therapeutic effect in animals with the serious form of UC activity. The results of our study indicated a potential safety risk involving development of bacteraemia and also translocation of non-pathogenic representatives of bowel microbiota associated with FMT treatment of animals with a diagnosed serious form of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Lauko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Sona Gancarcikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Gabriela Hrckova
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vanda Hajduckova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Livia Kolesar Fecskeova
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital (UHLP) in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Izabela Bertkova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Emilia Hijova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Anna Kamlarova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Martin Janicko
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Lubos Ambro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kvakova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Zuzana Gulasova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Ladislav Strojny
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Gabriela Strkolcova
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Dagmar Mudronova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Marian Madar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Vlasta Demeckova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Nemetova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Ivan Pacuta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Drahomira Sopkova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (D.S.)
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22
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Yadav A, Ahlawat S, Sharma KK. Culturing the unculturables: strategies, challenges, and opportunities for gut microbiome study. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad280. [PMID: 38006234 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Metagenome sequencing techniques revolutionized the field of gut microbiome study. However, it is equipped with experimental and computational biases, which affect the downstream analysis results. Also, live microbial strains are needed for a better understanding of host-microbial crosstalks and for designing next-generation treatment therapies based on probiotic strains and postbiotic molecules. Conventional culturing methodologies are insufficient to get the dark gut matter on the plate; therefore, there is an urgent need to propose novel culturing methods that can fill the limitations of metagenomics. The current work aims to provide a consolidated evaluation of the available methods for host-microbe interaction with an emphasis on in vitro culturing of gut microbes using organoids, gut on a chip, and gut bioreactor. Further, the knowledge of microbial crosstalk in the gut helps us to identify core microbiota, and key metabolites that will aid in designing culturing media and co-culturing systems for gut microbiome study. After the deeper mining of the current culturing methods, we recommend that 3D-printed intestinal cells in a multistage continuous flow reactor equipped with an extended organoid system might be a good practical choice for gut microbiota-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Yadav
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Ahlawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Yu Y, Wang W, Zhang F. The Next Generation Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: To Transplant Bacteria or Virome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301097. [PMID: 37914662 PMCID: PMC10724401 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for dysbiosis-related diseases. However, the clinical practice of crude fecal transplants presents limitations in terms of acceptability and reproductivity. Consequently, two alternative solutions to FMT are developed: transplanting bacteria communities or virome. Advanced methods for transplanting bacteria mainly include washed microbiota transplantation and bacteria spores treatment. Transplanting the virome is also explored, with the development of fecal virome transplantation, which involves filtering the virome from feces. These approaches provide more palatable options for patients and healthcare providers while minimizing research heterogeneity. In general, the evolution of the next generation of FMT in global trends is fecal microbiota components transplantation which mainly focuses on transplanting bacteria or virome.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yu
- Department of Microbiota Medicine & Medical Center for Digestive DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative EnterologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine & Medical Center for Digestive DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative EnterologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine & Medical Center for Digestive DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative EnterologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
- Department of Microbiota MedicineSir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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24
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Marasco G, Buttitta F, Cremon C, Barbaro MR, Stanghellini V, Barbara G. The role of microbiota and its modulation in colonic diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14615. [PMID: 37243442 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease (DD) is a common condition in Western countries. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of DD and its related symptoms has been frequently postulated since most complications of this disease are bacteria-driven and most therapies rely on microbiota modulation. Preliminary data showed fecal microbial imbalance in patients with DD, particularly when symptomatic, with an increase of pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenetic bacteria. In addition, bacterial metabolic markers can mirror specific pathways of the disease and may be even used for monitoring treatment effects. All treatments currently suggested for DD can affect microbiota structure and metabolome compositions. PURPOSE Sparse evidence is available linking gut microbiota perturbations, diverticular disease pathophysiology, and symptom development. We aimed to summarize the available knowledge on gut microbiota evaluation in diverticular disease, with a focus on symptomatic uncomplicated DD, and the relative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Buttitta
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bosch B, Hartikainen A, Ronkainen A, Scheperjans F, Arkkila P, Satokari R. Development of a Protocol for Anaerobic Preparation and Banking of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Material: Evaluation of Bacterial Richness in the Cultivated Fraction. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2901. [PMID: 38138045 PMCID: PMC10745795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown highly variable results in indications beyond recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases is characterized by the depletion of strictly anaerobic bacteria, which may be crucial for FMT efficacy. We developed a protocol to ensure anaerobic conditions during the entire transplant preparation and banking process, from material collection to administration. The protocol necessitates an anaerobic cabinet, i.e., a non-standard laboratory equipment. We analyzed the population of viable anaerobes by combining cultivation and 16S rRNA gene profiling during the transplant preparation, and after 4, 8, and 12 months of anaerobic or aerobic storage at -80 °C, 78% of fecal species were captured via cultivation. Our findings suggest that strictly anaerobic transplant preparation and storage may preserve species richness better than oxic conditions, but the overall difference was not significant. However, specific anaerobes such as Neglecta and Anaerotruncus were affected by the oxygen exposure. A storage time of up to 12 months did not affect the presence of cultivated taxa. Noteworthy, our analysis focused on the richness of cultivated anaerobes rather than their abundance, which may have been affected. The benefits of the developed anaerobic protocol in FMT for specific indications remain to be demonstrated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Bosch
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Hartikainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Aki Ronkainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Filip Scheperjans
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.H.); (A.R.)
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Zhang T, Gao G, Kwok LY, Sun Z. Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2271613. [PMID: 37934614 PMCID: PMC10631445 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput 'omics' technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications and mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. A large body of research has reported a close association between the gut microbiota and AD development, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may curb or even improve AD symptoms and progression. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota has become a novel paradigm for clinical management of AD, and emerging effort has focused on developing potential novel strategies for preventing and/or treating the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the connection and causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD, the mechanisms of gut microbiota in driving AD progression, and the successes and challenges of implementing available gut microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in preventive and/or therapeutic preclinical and clinical intervention studies of AD. Finally, we discuss the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Li M, Yang H, Shao C, Liu Y, Wen S, Tang L. Application of Dominant Gut Microbiota Promises to Replace Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a New Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2854. [PMID: 38137998 PMCID: PMC10745325 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have confirmed that the pathophysiological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to changes in the intestinal microbiota; thus, modifying the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a new way to treat AD. Effective interventions for gut microbiota include the application of probiotics and other measures such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, the application of probiotics ignores that the intestine is a complete microecosystem with competition among microorganisms. FMT also has issues when applied to patient treatment. In a previous study, we found that eight species of bacteria that are isolated with high frequency in the normal intestinal microbiota (i.e., intestinal dominant microbiota) have biological activities consistent with the effects of FMT. In this article, we confirmed that the treatment of intestinal dominant microbiota significantly restored intestinal microbiota abundance and composition to normal levels in APP/PS1 mice; downregulated brain tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression levels; and reduced the area of Aβ plaque deposition in the brain hippocampus. Our study provides a new therapeutic concept for the treatment of AD, adjusting the intestinal microecological balance through dominant intestinal microbiota may be an alternative to FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Tang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (M.L.); (H.Y.); (C.S.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
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28
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Yuan QF, Wu HY, Chen XY, Zheng YM, Fu SL, Wang XH, Zhu JW, Guo JD, He XX, Wu LH. Colonic Endoscopic Tubing Is Safe and Effective Approach for Washed Microbiota Transplantation in Autistic Children. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2023; 2023:7838601. [PMID: 38035162 PMCID: PMC10686710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7838601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as the improved methods of fecal microbiota transplantation has been employed as a therapeutic approach for ameliorating symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) has been utilized as a novel procedure for administering WMT. Methods Data of children with ASD who received WMT by TET were retrospectively reviewed, including bowel preparation methods, TET operation time, success rate, tube retention time, the comfort of children, adverse events, and parent satisfaction. Results A total of 38 participants underwent 124 colonic TET catheterization procedures. The average time of TET operation was 15 minutes, and the success rate was 100% (124/124). There was no significant difference in TET operation time between high-seniority physicians and low-seniority physicians. In 123 procedures (99%), the TET tube allowed the completion of WMT treatment for 6 consecutive days. In 118 procedures (95.2%), the tube was detached spontaneously after the end of the treatment course, and the average TET tube retention time was 8 days. There was no incidence of tube blockage during the treatment course. No severe adverse events occurred during follow-up. Parents of all participants reported a high level of satisfaction with TET. Conclusion Colonic TET is a safe and feasible method for WMT in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fen Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xian-Yun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song-Lin Fu
- Inner Mongolia Ewenki Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, The Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-He Wang
- Inner Mongolia Ewenki Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, The Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Ewenki Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, The Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Dong Guo
- Inner Mongolia Ewenki Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, The Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang X, Luo X, Tian L, Yue P, Li M, Liu K, Zhu D, Huang C, Shi Q, Yang L, Xia Z, Zhao J, Ma Z, Li J, Leung JW, Lin Y, Yuan J, Meng W, Li X, Chen Y. The gut microbiome dysbiosis and regulation by fecal microbiota transplantation: umbrella review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1286429. [PMID: 38029189 PMCID: PMC10655098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in various gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases, but evidence on the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for therapeutic indications remains unclear. Methods The gutMDisorder database was used to summarize the associations between gut microbiome dysbiosis and diseases. We performed an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to determine the evidence synthesis on the efficacy and safety of FMT in treating various diseases. Our study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022301226). Results Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with 117 gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal. Colorectal cancer was associated with 92 dysbiosis. Dysbiosis involving Firmicutes (phylum) was associated with 34 diseases. We identified 62 published meta-analyses of FMT. FMT was found to be effective for 13 diseases, with a 95.56% cure rate (95% CI: 93.88-97.05%) for recurrent Chloridoids difficile infection (rCDI). Evidence was high quality for rCDI and moderate to high quality for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease but low to very low quality for other diseases. Conclusion Gut microbiome dysbiosis may be implicated in numerous diseases. Substantial evidence suggests FMT improves clinical outcomes for certain indications, but evidence quality varies greatly depending on the specific indication, route of administration, frequency of instillation, fecal preparation, and donor type. This variability should inform clinical, policy, and implementation decisions regarding FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhuo Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xufei Luo
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Chongfei Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianling Shi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhili Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zelong Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
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Pan I, Issac PK, Rahman MM, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Gut-Brain Axis a Key Player to Control Gut Dysbiosis in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3. [PMID: 37851313 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neuropathy characterised by the formation of Lewy bodies (misfolded alpha-synuclein) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain. Dopaminergic neurons play a vital role in generating both motor and non-motor symptoms. Finding therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease (PD) is hindered due to an incomplete understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Existing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD via immunological, neuroendocrine, and direct neural mechanisms. Gut microbial dysbiosis triggers the loss of dopaminergic neurons via mitochondrial dysfunction. Gut dysbiosis triggers bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, which increases the permeability barrier and induces systemic inflammation. It results in excessive stimulation of the innate immune system. In addition to that, activation of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells initiates the aggregation of alpha-synuclein. This alpha-synucleinopathy thus affects all levels of the brain-gut axis, including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Though the neurobiological signaling cascade between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system is poorly understood, gut microbial metabolites may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. This article summarises all the known possible ways of bidirectional signal communication, i.e., the "gut-brain axis," where microbes from the middle gut interact with the brain and vice versa, and highlights a unique way to treat neurodegenerative diseases by maintaining homeostasis. The tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve) plays a significant part in this signal communication. However, the leading regulatory factor for this axis is a diet that helps with microbial colonisation and brain function. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from microbially fermented dietary fibres, link host nutrition to maintain intestinal homeostasis. In addition to that, probiotics modulate cognitive function and the metabolic and behavioural conditions of the body. As technology advances, new techniques will emerge to study the tie-up between gut microbes and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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31
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Hyde MK, Masser BM, Spears L. "Why don't you want my poop?" Willing stool donor's experiences of being ineligible to donate intestinal microbiota. Transfusion 2023; 63:1916-1925. [PMID: 37615344 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood collection agencies (BCAs) hosting stool (fecal or poo) donor programs report high rates of donor deferral. However, the impact of deferral on willing donors, in terms of personal well-being and future engagement with BCAs, remains unexplored. Accordingly, we surveyed those attempting to donate intestinal microbiota about their experience of being ineligible. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 196 potential stool donors from Australia's BCA (>90% blood/blood product donors) completed the first stage of eligibility screening and then an online survey once notified of their ineligibility. Respondents reported motives for donating, perceptions of screening and improvements needed, experience of being told they are ineligible, and their feelings about this. RESULTS Over 80% of participants were ineligible to donate. Of those ineligible, 58% did not know why they were ineligible resulting in potentially future eligible donors being permanently lost. Motives (>5%) included helping others, being a human substance donor, understanding benefits, curiosity/novelty, and helping science/research. Participants identified they needed clear and timely information during screening and a specific reason for their ineligibility. Participants commonly experienced disappointment, confusion, and calm in response to being ineligible. DISCUSSION BCAs need strategies to mitigate the disappointment of ineligible donors, maintain satisfaction with BCAs, and preserve donor identity since many ineligible donors give multiple human substances. BCAs should provide more information about eligibility criteria during early screening stages to reduce disappointment and give personalized information about ineligibility to resolve the confusion. Offering alternative opportunities to give may reduce disappointment and increase ineligible donor engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Hyde
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara M Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lianne Spears
- Donor Engagement and Experience, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yi X, Cai R, Shaoyong W, Wang G, Yan W, He Z, Li R, Chao M, Zhao T, Deng L, Yang G, Pang W. Melatonin promotes gut anti-oxidative status in perinatal rat by remodeling the gut microbiome. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102829. [PMID: 37527604 PMCID: PMC10407234 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health is important for nutrition absorption, reproduction, and lactation in perinatal and early weaned mammals. Although melatonin functions in maintaining circadian rhythms and preventing obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections, its impact on the gut microbiome and its function in mediating gut health through gut microbiota remain largely unexplored. In the present study, the microbiome of rats was monitoring after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and foster care (FC). The results showed that FMT and FC increased intestinal villus height/crypt depth in perinatal rats. Mechanistically, the melatonin-mediated remodeling of gut microbiota inhibited oxidative stress, which led to attenuation of autophagy and inflammation. In addition, FMT and FC encouraged the growth of more beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum, which produce more short-chain fatty acids to strengthen intestinal anti-oxidation. These findings suggest that melatonin-treated gut microbiota increase the production of SCFAs, which improve gut health by reducing oxidative stress, autophagy and inflammation. The transfer of melatonin-treated gut microbiota may be a new and effective method by which to ameliorate gut health in perinatal and weaned mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weike Shaoyong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyong Yan
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ri Li
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingkun Chao
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Li C, Liu Y, Liu X, Bai X, Jin X, Xu F, Chen H, Zhang Y, Vallee I, Liu M, Yang Y. The gut microbiota contributes to changes in the host immune response induced by Trichinella spiralis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011479. [PMID: 37585413 PMCID: PMC10431649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in parasite-host interactions and the induction of immune defense responses. Trichinella spiralis is an important zoonotic parasite that can directly or indirectly interact with the host in the gut. Changes in the gut microbiota following infection with T. spiralis and the role of the gut microbiota in host immune defense against T. spiralis infection were investigated in our study. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that infection with T. spiralis can reduce the diversity of the gut microbiota and alter the structure of the gut microbiota during early infection, which was restored when the worm left the gut. Antibiotic treatment (ABX) and fecal bacterial transplantation (FMT) were used to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in the host expulsion response during infection with T. spiralis. We found that ABX mice had a higher burden of parasites, and the burden of parasites decreased after fecal bacterial transplantation. The results of flow cytometry and qPCR revealed that the disturbance of the gut microbiota affects the proportion of CD4+ T cells and the production of IL-4, which weakens Th2 responses and makes expulsion difficult. In addition, as the inflammatory response decreased with the changes of the microbiota, the Th1 response also decreased. The metabolomic results were in good agreement with these findings, as the levels of inflammatory metabolites such as ceramides were reduced in the ABX group. In general, T. spiralis infection can cause changes in the gut microbiota, and the presence or absence of microbes may also weaken intestinal inflammation and the expulsion of T. spiralis by affecting the immune response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Isabelle Vallee
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, University Paris-Est, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Zhao M, Chu J, Feng S, Guo C, Xue B, He K, Li L. Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114985. [PMID: 37311282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's digestive capacity, safeguarding the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen invasion. Additionally, the gut microbiota exhibits a bidirectional interaction with the host immune system and promotes the immune system of the host to mature. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, primarily caused by factors such as host genetic susceptibility, age, BMI, diet, and drug abuse, is a significant contributor to inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases resulting from gut microbiota dysbiosis lack systematic categorization. In this study, we summarize the normal physiological functions of symbiotic microbiota in a healthy state and demonstrate that when dysbiosis occurs due to various external factors, the normal physiological functions of the gut microbiota are lost, leading to pathological damage to the intestinal lining, metabolic disorders, and intestinal barrier damage. This, in turn, triggers immune system disorders and eventually causes inflammatory diseases in various systems. These discoveries provide fresh perspectives on how to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases. However, the unrecognized variables that might affect the link between inflammatory illnesses and gut microbiota, need further studies and extensive basic and clinical research will still be required to investigate this relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min'an Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jiayi Chu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shiyao Feng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chuanhao Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Baigong Xue
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Kan He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Salonen T, Jokinen E, Satokari R, Lahtinen P. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study: efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation on chronic fatigue syndrome. J Transl Med 2023; 21:513. [PMID: 37516837 PMCID: PMC10386223 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling illness of unknown aetiology. Disruption of gut microbiota may play a role in several neurological disorders. In this study, the effect of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on fatigue severity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with CFS was evaluated. METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Patients and researchers were blinded to treatment assignment. 11 patients with CFS (10 female and 1 male, mean age 42.2 years and mean duration of CFS 6.3 years) were randomly assigned to receive either FMT from a universal donor (n = 5) or autologous FMT (n = 6) via colonoscopy. Patients' HRQOL was assessed by using visual analog scale (VAS) and self-reporting questionnaires Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), 15D and EQ-5D-3L. Patients' HRQOL was evaluated at baseline, and 1 and 6 months after the FMT. RESULTS The baseline VAS scores in the FMT and placebo groups were 62.4 and 76.0 (p = 0.29). 1-month scores were 60.0 and 73.7 and 6-months scores 72.8 and 69.5, respectively. Total MFIS scores in the FMT and placebo groups were 59.6 and 61.0 at the baseline (p = 0.80), 53.5 and 62.0 at 1 month and 58.6 and 56.2 at 6 months. Compared to the baseline scores, differences at 1 and 6 months were statistically insignificant both in VAS and in MFIS. The 15D and EQ-5D-3L profiles did not change after the FMT or placebo. FMT-related adverse events were not reported. CONCLUSION FMT was safe but did not relieve symptoms or improve the HRQOL of patients with CFS. Small number of study subjects limits the generalizability of these results. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04158427, https://register. CLINICALTRIALS gov , date of registration 08/08/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Salonen
- Department of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, BOX 2000, FIN, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Elina Jokinen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Lahtinen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
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Roggiani S, Mengoli M, Conti G, Fabbrini M, Brigidi P, Barone M, D'Amico F, Turroni S. Gut microbiota resilience and recovery after anticancer chemotherapy. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:16. [PMID: 38046820 PMCID: PMC10688789 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although research on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in human health has sharply increased in recent years, what a "healthy" gut microbiota is and how it responds to major stressors is still difficult to establish. In particular, anticancer chemotherapy is known to have a drastic impact on the microbiota structure, potentially hampering its recovery with serious long-term consequences for patients' health. However, the distinguishing features of gut microbiota recovery and non-recovery processes are not yet known. In this narrative review, we first investigated how gut microbiota layouts are affected by anticancer chemotherapy and identified potential gut microbial recovery signatures. Then, we discussed microbiome-based intervention strategies aimed at promoting resilience, i.e., the rapid and complete recovery of a healthy gut microbial network associated with a better prognosis after such high-impact pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roggiani
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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Sun CY, Yang N, Zheng ZL, Liu D, Xu QL. T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses to the gut microbiota in human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114483. [PMID: 36906976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, is an indispensable "invisible organ" that affects multiple aspects of human health. The gut microbial community has been assumed to be an important stimulus to the immune homeostasis and development, and increasing data support the role of the gut microbiota-immunity axis in autoimmune diseases. Host's immune system requires recognition tools to communicate with the gut microbial evolutionary partners. Among these microbial perceptions, T cells enable the widest spectrum of gut microbial recognition resolution. Specific gut microbiota direct the induction and differentiation of Th17 cells in intestine. However, the detailed links between the gut microbiota and Th17 cells have not been well established. In this review, we describe the generation and characterization of Th17 cells. Notably, we discuss the induction and differentiation of Th17 cells by the gut microbiota and their metabolites, as well as recent advances in our understanding of interactions between Th17 cells and the gut microbiota in human diseases. In addition, we provide the emerging evidences in support of interventions targeting the gut microbes/Th17 cells in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qi-Lin Xu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Lupu VV, Adam Raileanu A, Mihai CM, Morariu ID, Lupu A, Starcea IM, Frasinariu OE, Mocanu A, Dragan F, Fotea S. The Implication of the Gut Microbiome in Heart Failure. Cells 2023; 12:1158. [PMID: 37190067 PMCID: PMC10136760 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide health problem with important consequences for the overall wellbeing of affected individuals as well as for the healthcare system. Over recent decades, numerous pieces of evidence have demonstrated that the associated gut microbiota represent an important component of human physiology and metabolic homeostasis, and can affect one's state of health or disease directly, or through their derived metabolites. The recent advances in human microbiome studies shed light on the relationship between the gut microbiota and the cardiovascular system, revealing its contribution to the development of heart failure-associated dysbiosis. HF has been linked to gut dysbiosis, low bacterial diversity, intestinal overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in short chain fatty acids-producing bacteria. An increased intestinal permeability allowing microbial translocation and the passage of bacterial-derived metabolites into the bloodstream is associated with HF progression. A more insightful understanding of the interactions between the human gut microbiome, HF and the associated risk factors is mandatory for optimizing therapeutic strategies based on microbiota modulation and offering individualized treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data regarding the influence of gut bacterial communities and their derived metabolites on HF, in order to obtain a better understanding of this multi-layered complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.M.S.)
| | - Anca Adam Raileanu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.M.S.)
| | | | - Ionela Daniela Morariu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.M.S.)
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.M.S.)
| | - Otilia Elena Frasinariu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.M.S.)
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (I.M.S.)
| | - Felicia Dragan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
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Del Barrio M, Lavín L, Santos-Laso Á, Arias-Loste MT, Odriozola A, Rodriguez-Duque JC, Rivas C, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Paving the Way to Treat Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076123. [PMID: 37047094 PMCID: PMC10094628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). Currently, the only therapeutic recommendation available is a lifestyle change. However, adherence to this approach is often difficult to guarantee. Alteration of the microbiota and an increase in intestinal permeability seem to be key in the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, the manipulation of microbiota seems to provide a promising therapeutic strategy. One way to do so is through faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Here, we summarize the key aspects of FMT, detail its current indications and highlight the most recent advances in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Barrio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Lucía Lavín
- Clinical Trial Agency Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Álvaro Santos-Laso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Loste
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Aitor Odriozola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Duque
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Coral Rivas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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40
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Cheng YW, Fischer M. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:151-156. [PMID: 36844708 PMCID: PMC9946715 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of transplanting stool from a healthy donor into the gut of a patient for therapeutic purposes. Current guidelines recommend FMT for the prevention of multiply recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after two recurrences, with cure rates approaching 90%. Emerging evidence also supports the use of FMT in the management of severe and fulminant CDI, resulting in decreased mortality and colectomy rates compared with standard of care approach. FMT shows promise as salvage therapy for critically-ill, refractory CDI patients who are poor surgical candidates. FMT should be considered early in the clinical course of severe CDI, preferably within 48 hours of failing to respond to antibiotic therapy and volume resuscitation. Besides CDI, ulcerative colitis was more recently identified as a potential treatment target for FMT. Several live biotherapeutics for microbiome restoration are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Kondaveeti SN, Thekkekkara D, T LN, Manjula SN, Tausif YM, Babu A, Meheronnisha SK. A Deep Insight into the Correlation Between Gut Dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s Amyloidopathy. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221150310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has shown a strong correlation between gut dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Purpose To investigate the relationship between gut dysbiosis, immune system activation, and the onset of AD and to examine current breakthroughs in microbiota-targeted AD therapeutics. Methods A review of scientific literature was conducted to assess the correlation between gut dysbiosis and AD and the various factors associated. Results Gut dysbiosis produces an increase in harmful substances, such as bacterial amyloids, which makes the gut barrier and blood-brain barrier more permeable. This leads to the stimulation of immunological responses and an increase in cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). As a result, gut dysbiosis accelerates the progression of AD. Conclusion The review highlights the connection between gut dysbiosis and AD and the potential for microbiota-targeted therapies in AD treatment. Pictorial Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan T
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Y Mohammed Tausif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Amrita Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - SK Meheronnisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Gut-Spleen Axis: Microbiota via Vascular and Immune Pathways Improve Busulfan-Induced Spleen Disruption. mSphere 2023; 8:e0058122. [PMID: 36511706 PMCID: PMC9942571 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00581-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective means of modulating gut microbiota for the treatment of many diseases, including Clostridioides difficile infections. The gut-spleen axis has been established, and this is involved in the development and function of the spleen. However, it is not understood whether gut microbiota can be used to improve spleen function, especially in spleens disrupted by a disease or an anti-cancer treatment. In the current investigation, we established that alginate oligosaccharide (AOS)-improved gut microbiota (A10-FMT) can rescue anticancer drug busulfan-disrupted spleen vasculature and spleen function. A10-FMT improved the gene and/or protein expression of genes involved in vasculature development, increased the cell proliferation rate, enhanced the endothelial progenitor cell capability, and elevated the expression of the cell junction molecules to increase the vascularization of the spleen. This investigation found for the first time that the reestablishment of spleen vascularization restored spleen function by improving spleen immune cells and iron metabolism. These findings may be used as a strategy to minimize the side effects of anti-cancer drugs or to improve spleen vasculature-related diseases. IMPORTANCE Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS)-improved gut microbiota (A10-FMT) can rescue busulfan disrupted spleen vasculature. A10-FMT improved the cell proliferation rate, endothelial progenitor cell capability, and cell junction molecules to increase vasculature formation in the spleen. This reestablishment restored spleen function by improving spleen immune cells and iron metabolism. These findings are useful for the treatment of spleen vasculature-related diseases.
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Zhang B, Yang L, Ning H, Cao M, Chen Z, Chen Q, Lian G, Tang H, Wang Q, Wang J, Lin Z, Wen J, Liu Y, Xuan J, Li X, Lin A, He J, Zhang L, Hou X, Zeng Q, Xiao C. A Matching Strategy To Guide Donor Selection for Ulcerative Colitis in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Meta-Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0215921. [PMID: 36472435 PMCID: PMC9927247 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02159-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) targeting gut microbiota has recently been applied to the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, preliminary trials showed that only a subset of patients responded to FMT, and the heterogeneity in donor gut microbiota probably played important roles in patients' responses, implying the significance of matching an appropriate donor to a specified patient. We developed a strategy to build a donor-recipient matching model to guide rational donor selection for UC in FMT. We collected and uniformly reanalyzed 656 fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing samples (350 from UC patients and 306 from healthy subjects) from 9 studies. Significantly lower α-diversity indexes were observed in UC patients by random effects model. Thirty-four bacterial genera and 34 predicted pathways were identified with significant odds ratios and classification potentials for UC patients. Based on six bacterial indicators, including richness, overall distance, genera, and pathways (beneficial and harmful), the analytic hierarchy process-based donor-recipient matching model was set to rank and select appropriate donors for patients with UC. Finally, the model showed favorable classification powers (>70%) for FMT effectiveness in two previous clinical trials. This study revealed the dysbiosis of fecal bacterial diversity, composition, and predicted pathways of patients with UC by meta-analysis and hereby developed a donor-recipient matching strategy to guide donor selection for UC in FMT. This strategy can also be applied to other diseases associated with gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Modulation of gut microbiota by FMT from donors has been applied to the treatment of UC and yielded variable effectiveness in clinical trials. One possibility is that this variable effectiveness was related to donor selection, as a patient's response to FMT may rely on the capability of the used donor's microbiota to restore the specific gut disturbances of the patient. However, the biggest issues on the practical level are what should be considered in the selection process and how to set up such a donor-recipient matching model. In this study, we presented a bacterial profile-based donor-recipient matching strategy to guide donor selection for UC in FMT by first meta-analysis of 656 fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing samples from 9 studies to identify significant indicators and then setting up the model by an analytic hierarchy process. The applicability and accuracy of this model were verified in the data sets from two previous FMT clinical studies. Our data indicate that the donor-recipient matching model built in this study enables researchers to rationally select donors for UC patients in FMT clinical practice, although it needs more samples and prospective trials for validation. The strategy adopted in this study to leverage existing data sets to build donor-recipient matching models for precision FMT is feasible for other diseases associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangzhou Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Universitygrid.12955.3a, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen Universitygrid.12955.3a, Xiamen, China
| | - Luxi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Universitygrid.12955.3a, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Cao
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangran Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen Universitygrid.12955.3a, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiongyun Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen Universitygrid.12955.3a, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanghui Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hailing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pingxiang People’s Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yuedong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Aiqiang Lin
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Jianquan He
- School of Medicine, Xiamen Universitygrid.12955.3a, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Technology and Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Technology and Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Gut Prevotellaceae-GABAergic septohippocampal pathway mediates spatial memory impairment in high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105993. [PMID: 36627028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the risk factors and mechanisms that contribute to the onset of cognitive impairment following estrogen depletion is essential for improving the quality of life of older females. In the current study, using behavioral tests, 16S rDNA sequencing, in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology, optogenetics and chemogenetics, we found that high-fat diet (HFD)-accelerated impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory, gut microbiota, and hippocampal theta rhythmogenesis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and fecal microbiota transplantation rescued these phenomena. The identification of fasting-activated medial septal neurons showed that PV+ GABAergic neurons in the medial septal area (MSA) respond to gut sensory signals. Optogenetic activation of septohippocampal PV+ GABAergic fibers (but not cholinergic fibers) significantly rescued hippocampal theta rhythmogenesis and spatial memory in HFD-fed OVX mice. Resistant starch supplementation (RSHFD) rectified the gut Prevotellaceae and considerably alleviated reduced septal gut-responsive neurons, decreased hippocampal theta rhythm, and impaired hippocampus-dependent memory in HFD-fed OVX mice. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of septal PV+ GABAergic neurons reversed the neuroprotective effects of resistant starch supplementation. These findings highlight the notable gut-sensory nature of medial septal PV+ GABAergic neurons. A HFD accelerates estrogen deficiency-induced cognitive impairment by disrupting the gut Prevotellaceae-septo-hippocampal pathway. This study contributes to a better understanding of the precise gut-brain control of cognition and cognitive impairment in postmenopausal females.
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Emerging Options for the Prevention and Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection. Drugs 2023; 83:105-116. [PMID: 36645620 PMCID: PMC9841950 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Agents in development for the prevention or treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection can be split into three broad categories: antibiotics, microbiome restoration, and vaccines. Given the extensive list of agents currently in development, this narrative review will focus on agents that have progressed into late-stage clinical trials, defined as having a Phase III clinical trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. These agents include one antibiotic (ridinilazole), three live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) (CP101, RBX2660, and SER109), and two toxoid vaccines (PF06425090 and a second toxoid vaccine). As new prevention and treatment strategies enter the market, clinicians and administrators will need knowledge of these products to make rational decisions on how best to adopt them into clinical practice.
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46
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Promotes Recovery of the Colon Barrier in Septic Mice through Accelerating ISCs Regeneration. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030672. [PMID: 36771378 PMCID: PMC9921111 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal barrier is both the cause and result of sepsis. The proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) promote the regenerative nature of intestinal epithelial cells, repairing the injured intestinal mucosal barrier; however, it is uncertain whether the recovery effects mediated by the ISCs are related to the gut microbiota. This research found that the survival rate of septic mice was improved with a Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) treatment. Furthermore, an increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in colon epithelial cells were observed in the LGG-treated septic mice. In vitro, we found that a LGG supernatant was effective in maintaining the colonoid morphology and proliferation under the damage of TNF-α. Both in the mice colon and the colonoid, the LGG-induced barrier repair process was accompanied by an increased expression of Lgr5+ and lysozyme+ cells. This may be attributed to the upregulation of the IL-17, retinol metabolism, NF-kappa B and the MAPK signaling pathways, among which, Tnfaip3 and Nfkbia could be used as two potential biomarkers for LGG in intestinal inflammation therapy. In conclusion, our finding suggests that LGG protects a sepsis-injured intestinal barrier by promoting ISCs regeneration, highlighting the protective mechanism of oral probiotic consumption in sepsis.
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47
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Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing Is a New Pathway to Microbial Therapy, Colonic Drainage, and Host-Microbiota Interaction Research. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030780. [PMID: 36769429 PMCID: PMC9918197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitation of traditional delivery methods for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gave birth to colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) to address the requirement of frequent FMTs. Colonic TET as a novel endoscopic intervention has received increasing attention in practice since 2015 in China. Emerging studies from multiple centers indicate that colonic TET is a promising, safe, and practical delivery method for microbial therapy and administering medication with high patient satisfaction. Intriguingly, colonic TET has been used to rescue endoscopy-related perforations by draining colonic air and fluid through the TET tube. Recent research based on collecting ileocecal samples through a TET tube has contributed to demonstrating community dynamics in the intestine, and it is expected to be a novel delivery of proof-of-concept in host-microbiota interactions and pharmacological research. The present article aims to review the concept and techniques of TET and to explore microbial therapy, colonic drainage, and microbial research based on colonic TET.
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48
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Bachour SP, Dalal R, Allegretti JR. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Clostridioides difficile infection and utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231165581. [PMID: 37091531 PMCID: PMC10107020 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231165581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gains cell entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is abundantly found throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, resulting in a wide array of GI manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By gaining entry into the intestinal epithelial and stromal cells, SARS-CoV-2 has been observed to cause intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in gut microbiota are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). During the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of CDI were similar to historical data despite the increased use of antibiotics. This may be due to increased emphasis on hygiene and protective equipment and reduced C. difficile testing as diarrhea was presumed to be COVID-19 related. Studies also demonstrated additional risk factors for CDI in COVID-19 patients, including length of hospitalization and new abdominal pain during admission. Although not associated with increased mortality, CDI was associated with increased length of hospital stay among patients admitted with COVID-19. Due to fecal viral shedding and concern of oral-fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, increased safety regulations were introduced to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) leading to reduced rates of this procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic. FMT for recurrent CDI during the COVID-19 pandemic remained highly effective without any reports of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In addition, limited data show that FMT may be effective in treating COVID-19 and restoring healthy gut microbiota. The goal of this article is to review the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on hospital-acquired CDI and the utilization of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam P. Bachour
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Dalal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Gonzales-Luna AJ, Carlson TJ, Garey KW. Gut microbiota changes associated with Clostridioides difficile infection and its various treatment strategies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2223345. [PMID: 37318134 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2223345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota are critical to both the development of and recovery from Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotics are the mainstay of CDI treatment, yet inherently cause further imbalances in the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, complicating recovery. A variety of microbiota-based therapeutic approaches are in use or in development to limit disease- and treatment-associated dysbiosis and improve rates of sustained cure. These include the recently FDA-approved fecal microbiota, live-jslm (formerly RBX2660) and fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk (formerly SER-109), which represent a new class of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), traditional fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and ultra-narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Here, we aim to review the microbiome changes associated with CDI as well as a variety of microbiota-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Gonzales-Luna
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis J Carlson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Kevin W Garey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
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50
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Zhang L, Zhao M, Fu X. Gastric microbiota dysbiosis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1153269. [PMID: 37065152 PMCID: PMC10098173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1153269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common causes of gastric disease. The persistent increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide has made H. pylori eradication challenging for clinicians. The stomach is unsterile and characterized by a unique niche. Communication among microorganisms in the stomach results in diverse microbial fitness, population dynamics, and functional capacities, which may be positive, negative, or neutral. Here, we review gastric microecology, its imbalance, and gastric diseases. Moreover, we summarize the relationship between H. pylori and gastric microecology, including non-H. pylori bacteria, fungi, and viruses and the possibility of facilitating H. pylori eradication by gastric microecology modulation, including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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