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Silva A, Pereira Filho JM, Oliveira J, Lucena K, Mazza P, Silva Filho E, Nascimento A, Pereira E, Vaz A, Barbosa A, Oliveira R, Bezerra L. Effect of slow-release urea on intake, ingestive behavior, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, microbial protein production, blood and ruminal parameters of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:414. [PMID: 37996715 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We conducted two experiments. The first aimed to obtain and characterize microparticles of slow-release urea (SRU) using calcium alginate as the encapsulating agent. The second experiment evaluated their inclusion in sheep diets. In the first experiment, four treatments from a completely randomized design were employed to develop an SRU through the ionic gelification technique testing two drying methods (oven and lyophilizer) and addition or no of sulfur (S): SRU oven-dried with sulfur (MUSO) and without sulfur (MUO), SRU freeze-dried/lyophilized with (MUSL), and without sulfur (MUL). MUO exhibited better yield and encapsulation efficiency among these formulations than the others. Therefore, the second experiment was conducted to compare free urea (U) as control and three proportions (1%, 1.5%, and 2% of total dry matter) of MUO in the diet of sheep. Twenty-four non-castrated male Santa Ines lambs, with an average body weight of 22 ± 3.0 kg, were used and distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The inclusion of 1% alginate-encapsulated urea (MUO1%) resulted in higher dry matter (DM) intake than free urea (p ≤ 0.05). MUO2% inclusion promoted higher NDF digestibility than U and MUO1%. MUO1% showed higher DM than MUO2% and higher NFC digestibility than U and MUO2% (p ≤ 0.05). Sheep fed MUO1.5% and MUO2% exhibited similar nutrient intake and digestibility. Sheep receiving MUO1% had higher N-intake, N-urinary, N-excretion total, N-digested, and N-retained compared to U. Sheep fed MUO1% showed greater N-retained (as % ingested and digested), microbial protein production, and efficiency when compared to other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). MUO2% addition (SRU) promoted the lowest microbial protein production and efficiency in sheep. MUO dietary inclusion increased feeding time and reduced idleness time compared to U, regardless of the MUO level (p ≤ 0.05). Adding MUO1% improved the intake efficiency of DM and NDF and resulted in more feed boli than the other MUO levels (p ≤ 0.05). Sheep receiving U had (4 h after fending) higher NH3-N, pH, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lower TGL serum compared to sheep fed MUO (p ≤ 0.05), without significant difference among MUO levels (p > 0.05), except NH3-N was higher in MUO1.5% and MUO2% compared to MUO1.0%. The external ionic gelation technique proved suitable for urea microencapsulation in calcium alginate (3%), demonstrating high quality, efficiency, and yield. MUO represents a promising slow-release urea for ruminants and is recommended for sheep diets at an inclusion level of 1.0%. This inclusion level improves intake efficiency and nutrient digestibility, increases rumen nitrogen retention, and reduces BUN without compromising sheep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - José Morais Pereira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Gloria, Sergipe, 49680000, Brazil
| | - Kevily Lucena
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mazza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Edson Silva Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Ininga, S/N, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ariane Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Ininga, S/N, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Elzânia Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60356000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Vaz
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Analivia Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Leilson Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil.
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Su BY, Chen ZJ, Lv JC, Wang ZG, Huang FW, Liu Y, Luo E, Wang J, Xu JZ, Li ZM. Scalable Fabrication of Polymeric Composite Microspheres to Inhibit Oral Pathogens and Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Membrane Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4431-4441. [PMID: 37452570 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a worldwide bacterial infectious disease, resulting in the resorption of tooth-supporting structures. Biodegradable polymeric microspheres are emerging as an appealing local therapy candidate for periodontal defect regeneration but suffer from tedious procedures and low yields. Herein, we developed a facile yet scalable approach to prepare polylactide composite microspheres with outstanding drug-loading capability. It was realized by blending equimolar polylactide enantiomers at the temperature between the melting point of homocrystallites and stereocomplex (sc) crystallites, enabling the precipitation of sc crystallites in the form of microspheres. Meanwhile, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and nano-hydroxyapatite were encapsulated in the microspheres in the designated amount. Such an assembly allowed the fast and sustained release of EGCG and Ca2+ ions. The resultant hybrid composite microspheres not only exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against typical oral pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis), but also directly promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells with good cytocompatibility. These dual-functional composite microspheres offer a desired drug delivery platform to address the practical needs for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao-Yao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fu-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Adamiak K, Sionkowska A. State of Innovation in Alginate-Based Materials. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:353. [PMID: 37367678 PMCID: PMC10302983 DOI: 10.3390/md21060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article presents past and current alginate-based materials in each application, showing the widest range of alginate's usage and development in the past and in recent years. The first segment emphasizes the unique characteristics of alginates and their origin. The second segment sets alginates according to their application based on their features and limitations. Alginate is a polysaccharide and generally occurs as water-soluble sodium alginate. It constitutes hydrophilic and anionic polysaccharides originally extracted from natural brown algae and bacteria. Due to its promising properties, such as gelling, moisture retention, and film-forming, it can be used in environmental protection, cosmetics, medicine, tissue engineering, and the food industry. The comparison of publications with alginate-based products in the field of environmental protection, medicine, food, and cosmetics in scientific articles showed that the greatest number was assigned to the environmental field (30,767) and medicine (24,279), whereas fewer publications were available in cosmetic (5692) and food industries (24,334). Data are provided from the Google Scholar database (including abstract, title, and keywords), accessed in May 2023. In this review, various materials based on alginate are described, showing detailed information on modified composites and their possible usage. Alginate's application in water remediation and its significant value are highlighted. In this study, existing knowledge is compared, and this paper concludes with its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamiak
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- WellU sp.z.o.o., Wielkopolska 280, 81-531 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, Nowy Świat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
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Shahbazi M, Jäger H. Current Status in the Utilization of Biobased Polymers for 3D Printing Process: A Systematic Review of the Materials, Processes, and Challenges. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:325-369. [PMID: 35014287 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary additive manufacturing technique that allows rapid prototyping of objects with intricate architectures. This Review covers the recent state-of-the-art of biopolymers (protein and carbohydrate-based materials) application in pharmaceutical, bioengineering, and food printing and main reinforcement approaches of biomacromolecular structure for the development of 3D constructs. Some perspectives and main important limitations with the biomaterials utilization for advanced 3D printing procedures are also provided. Because of the improved the ink's flow behavior and enhance the mechanical strength of resulting printed architectures, biopolymers are the most used materials for 3D printing applications. Biobased polymers by taking advantage of modifying the ink viscosity could improve the resolution of deposited layers, printing precision, and consequently, develop well-defined geometries. In this regard, the rheological properties of printable biopolymeric-based inks and factors affecting ink flow behavior related to structural properties of printed constructs are discussed. On the basis of successful applications of biopolymers in 3D printing, it is suggested that other biomacromolecules and nanoparticles combined with the matrix can be introduced into the ink dispersions to enhance the multifunctionality of 3D structures. Furthermore, tuning the biopolymer's structural properties offers the most common and essential approach to attain the printed architectures with precisely tailored geometry. We finish the Review by giving a viewpoint of the upcoming 3D printing process and recognize some of the existing bottlenecks facing the blossoming 3D pharmaceutical, bioengineering, and food printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyar Shahbazi
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Chen PC, Yii D, Tsai HC, Parasuraman VR, Prasannan A, Kao CY, Lai JY. Fabrication of branched polyethylenimin/alginic acid/poly(cyclohexane-1,4-diyl acetone dimethylene ketal as a nano size carrier for controlled release of 5-fluorouracil. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Martău GA, Mihai M, Vodnar DC. The Use of Chitosan, Alginate, and Pectin in the Biomedical and Food Sector-Biocompatibility, Bioadhesiveness, and Biodegradability. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1837. [PMID: 31717269 PMCID: PMC6918388 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biopolymers as intelligent and active biopolymer systems in the food and pharmaceutical industry are of considerable interest in their use. With this association in view, biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, pectin, cellulose, agarose, guar gum, agar, carrageenan, gelatin, dextran, xanthan, and other polymers have received significant attention in recent years due to their abundance and natural availability. Furthermore, their versatile properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and flexibility offer significant functionalities with multifunctional applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most compatible biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin, which are used for application in food, biotechnological processes, and biomedical applications. Therefore, chitosan, alginate, and pectin are biopolymers (used in the food industry as a stabilizing, thickening, capsular agent, and packaging) with great potential for future developments. Moreover, this review highlights their characteristics, with a particular focus on their potential for biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioadhesiveness, and their limitations on certain factors in the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania; (G.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania; (G.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania; (G.A.M.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania
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Moon YM, Gurav R, Kim J, Hong YG, Bhatia SK, Jung HR, Hong JW, Choi TR, Yang SY, Park HY, Joo HS, Yang YH. Whole-cell Immobilization of Engineered Escherichia coli JY001 with Barium-alginate for Itaconic Acid Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Microparticles, microcapsules and microspheres: A review of recent developments and prospects for oral delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:223-244. [PMID: 29288095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic health disease affecting the homeostasis of blood sugar levels. However, subcutaneous injection of insulin can lead to patient non-compliance, discomfort, pain and local infection. Sub-micron sized drug delivery systems have gained attention in oral delivery of insulin for diabetes treatment. In most of the recent literature, the terms "microparticles" and "nanoparticle" refer to particles where the dimensions of the particle are measured in micrometers and nanometers respectively. For instance, insulin-loaded particles are defined as microparticles with size larger than 1 μm by most of the research groups. The size difference between nanoparticles and microparticles proffers numerous effects on the drug loading efficiency, aggregation, permeability across the biological membranes, cell entry and tissue retention. For instance, microparticulate drug delivery systems have demonstrated a number of advantages including protective effect against enzymatic degradation, enhancement of peptide stability, site-specific and controlled drug release. Compared to nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, microparticulate formulations can facilitate oral absorption of insulin by paracellular, transcellular and lymphatic routes. In this article, we review the current status of microparticles, microcapsules and microspheres for oral administration of insulin. A number of novel techniques including layer-by-layer coating, self-polymerisation of shell, nanocomposite microparticulate drug delivery system seem to be promising for enhancing the oral bioavailability of insulin. This review draws several conclusions for future directions and challenges to be addressed for optimising the properties of microparticulate drug formulations and enhancing their hypoglycaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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Gurina MS, Vil’danova RR, Badykova LA, Vlasova NM, Kolesov SV. Microparticles based on chitosan–hyaluronic acid interpolyelectrolyte complex, which provide stability of aqueous dispersions. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427217020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Samak YO, El Massik M, Coombes AGA. A Comparison of Aerosolization and Homogenization Techniques for Production of Alginate Microparticles for Delivery of Corticosteroids to the Colon. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:208-216. [PMID: 27693300 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alginate microparticles incorporating hydrocortisone hemisuccinate were produced by aerosolization and homogenization methods to investigate their potential for colonic drug delivery. Microparticle stabilization was achieved by CaCl2 crosslinking solution (0.5 M and 1 M), and drug loading was accomplished by diffusion into blank microparticles or by direct encapsulation. Homogenization method produced smaller microparticles (45-50 μm), compared to aerosolization (65-90 μm). High drug loadings (40% wt/wt) were obtained for diffusion-loaded aerosolized microparticles. Aerosolized microparticles suppressed drug release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) prior to drug release in simulated colonic fluid (SCF) to a higher extent than homogenized microparticles. Microparticles prepared using aerosolization or homogenization (1 M CaCl2, diffusion loaded) released 5% and 17% of drug content after 2 h in SGF and 4 h in SIF, respectively, and 75% after 12 h in SCF. Thus, aerosolization and homogenization techniques show potential for producing alginate microparticles for colonic drug delivery in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmin O Samak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Magda El Massik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Allan G A Coombes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Azeredo HM, Waldron KW. Crosslinking in polysaccharide and protein films and coatings for food contact – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Repeated production of l-xylulose by an immobilized whole-cell biocatalyst harboring l-arabinitol dehydrogenase coupled with an NAD+ regeneration system. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang J, Han S, Zheng H, Dong H, Liu J. Preparation and application of micro/nanoparticles based on natural polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:53-66. [PMID: 25843834 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have attracted more and more attentions and been recognized to be the most promising materials in recent years because of their outstanding merits such as easily available, non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and easily modified. Considerable research efforts have been directed toward developing polysaccharides-based micro/nanoparticles (PM/NPs). The new major studies of PM/NPs over the past few years are outlined in this review. Methods of preparation, including self-assembly, ionic-gelation, complex coacervation, emulsification, and desolvation method and some others, are summarized. Different applications of PM/NPs in the field of drug-delivery system are highlighted. Besides, another novel application of PM/NPs that are used as emulsifiers to stabilize Pickering emulsion is also introduced. These environmental-friendly particle emulsifiers have received reasonable attention due to their novel applications, especially in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. From literature surveys, we realized that studies on PM/NP systems for different applications have increased rapidly. Hence, the present review is timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Suya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Haicheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jiubing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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14
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Preparation and investigation of sodium alginate nanocapsules by different microemulsification devices. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Abulateefeh SR, Taha MO. Enhanced drug encapsulation and extended release profiles of calcium-alginate nanoparticles by using tannic acid as a bridging cross-linking agent. J Microencapsul 2014; 32:96-105. [PMID: 25413187 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.985343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium alginate nanoparticles (NPs) suffer from sub-optimal stability in bio-relevant media leading to low drug encapsulation efficiency and uncontrolled release profiles. To sort out these drawbacks, a novel approach is proposed herein based on introducing tannic acid into these NPs to act as a bridging cross-linking aid agent. Calcium-alginate NPs were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method and loaded with diltiazem hydrochloride as a model drug. These NPs were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and morphology, and results were explained in accordance with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The incorporation of tannic acid led to more than four folds increase in drug encapsulation efficiency (i.e. from 15.3% to 69.5%) and reduced burst drug release from 44% to around 10% within the first 30 min. These findings suggest the possibility of improving the properties of Ca-alginate NPs by incorporating cross-linking aid agents under mild conditions.
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Islan GA, Castro GR. Tailoring of alginate-gelatin microspheres properties for oral Ciprofloxacin-controlled release against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug Deliv 2014; 21:615-26. [PMID: 24401147 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.870257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Ciprofloxacin (Cip) is a broad spectrum antibiotic frequently used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cip oral administration is commonly associated with poor drug biodisponibility, gastrointestinal tract irritation, and toxic undesirable side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to provide an oral biopolymeric system for controlled release of Cip. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alginate-gelatin blend microspheres were crosslinked in the presence of 1,2-propylene glycol, calcium, and glutaraldehyde. Studies of Cip encapsulation and release were performed. Matrix characteristics were studied simultaneously by optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using synchrotron light, and by texturometric analysis. Microsphere surface topologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and epifluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Microspheres crosslinked with glutaraldehyde showed about 80% Cip encapsulation and less than 10% Cip release under simulated gastric conditions in 15 min, while a controlled release profile was observed at intestinal environment conditions. Antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa showed an increasing bacterial growth inhibition in time. Finally, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as model protein for binding of macromolecules onto active surface of microspheres, with a consequently modulation of Cip release. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results are indicating that alginate/gelatin matrix crosslinked via Ca(2+) and glutaraldehyde can be tailored by decorating the microsphere surface with biological active molecules useful for targeting, making a potential tool to improve Cip oral administration for infection diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Islan
- Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Applied Biotechnology (CINDEFI, UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata) -- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
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Adel S, ElKasabgy NA. Design of innovated lipid-based floating beads loaded with an antispasmodic drug:in-vitroandin-vivoevaluation. J Liposome Res 2013; 24:136-49. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.857355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper, calcium–alginate beads have been manufactured by physically cross-linked technology, by dripping an aqueous alginate solution into a solution of calcium salt as a crosslinker. The effect of various elements controlling beads shape such as solution concentration, flow rate and the distance between the orifice tip and surface of the cross-linking solution were studied. The various elements affected the gelling rate and diameter and weight were studied. The findings indicated that shape of alginate beads in the hydrated state was strongly dependent on the flow rate and concentration of sodium alginate solutions.
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Goh CH, Heng PWS, Chan LW. Alginates as a useful natural polymer for microencapsulation and therapeutic applications. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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20
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Babiuch K, Gottschaldt M, Werz O, Schubert US. Particulate transepithelial drug carriers: barriers and functional polymers. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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21
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Chen AZ, Chen MY, Wang SB, Huang XN, Liu YG, Chen ZX. Poly(L-histidine)-chitosan/alginate complex microcapsule as a novel drug delivery agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Venkata Prasad C, Yerri Swamy B, Mallikarjuna B, Sreekanth KC, Subha MCS, Chowdoji Rao K, Yu JS. Preparation and characterization of interpenetrating polymer network beads for controlled release of acebutolol hydrochloride. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Hua S, Yang H, Li Q, Zhang J, Wang A. pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite hybrid beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:728-34. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.623702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Enhancing immunogenicity to PLGA microparticulate systems by incorporation of alginate and RGD-modified alginate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Wang CC, Yang KC, Lin KH, Liu HC, Lin FH. A highly organized three-dimensional alginate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering prepared by microfluidic technology. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7118-26. [PMID: 21724248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease and frequently involves the knee, hip and phalangeal joints. Current treatments used in small cartilage defects including multiple drilling, abrasion arthroplasty, mosaicplasty, and autogenous chondrocyte transplantation, however, there are problems needed to be solved. The standard treatment for severe osteoarthritis is total joint arthroplasty. The disadvantages of this surgery are the possibility of implant loosening. Therefore, tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration has become a promising topic. We have developed a new method to produce a highly organized single polymer (alginate) scaffold using microfluidic device. Scanning electron microscope and confocal fluoroscope examinations showed that the scaffold has a regular interconnected porous structure in the scale of 250 μm and high porosity. The scaffold is effective in chondrocyte culture; the cell viability test (WST-1 assay), cell toxicity (lactate dehydrogenase assay), cell survival rate, extracellular matrix production (glycosaminoglycans contents), cell proliferation (DNA quantification), and gene expression (real-time PCR) all revealed good results for chondrocyte culture. The chondrocytes can maintain normal phenotypes, highly express aggrecan and type II collagen, and secrete a great deal of extracellular matrix when seeded in the alginate scaffold. This study demonstrated that a highly organized alginate scaffold can be prepared with an economical microfluidic device, and this scaffold is effective in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chie Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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26
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Zou Q, Zhao J, Liu X, Tian F, Zhang HP, Zhang H, Chen W. Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum F-35 in reinforced alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification/internal gelation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Patil SB, Sawant KK. Development, optimization and in vitro evaluation of alginate mucoadhesive microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery. J Microencapsul 2011; 26:432-43. [PMID: 18932060 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802456726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present research work was aimed at development and optimization of alginate mucoadhesive microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery to avoid first pass metabolism and to improve the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. The microspheres were prepared by a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsification technique. A 2(3) factorial design was employed with drug : polymer ratio, calcium chloride concentration and cross-linking time as independent variables while particle size of the microspheres and in vitro mucoadhesion were the dependent variables. Regression analysis was performed to identify the best formulation conditions. Particle size was analysed by dynamic laser light diffraction technique and found to be in the range of 26.36-54.32 microm, which is favourable for intranasal absorption. The shape and surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which depicted the spherical nature and nearly smooth surfaces of the microspheres. The percentage encapsulation efficiency was found to be in the range between 36.62-56.18. In vitro mucoadhesion was performed by adhesion number using sheep nasal mucosa and was observed in a range from 69.25-85.28. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results indicated a molecular level dispersion of carvedilol in the microspheres. In vitro release studies in pH 6.2 phosphate buffer indicated non-Fickian or anomalous type of transport for the release of carvedilol from the microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay B Patil
- New Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, TIFAC Center of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, Pharmacy Department, The M. S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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28
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Alipour S, Montaseri H, Tafaghodi M. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable paclitaxel loaded alginate microparticles for pulmonary delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 81:521-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Hua S, Ma H, Li X, Yang H, Wang A. pH-sensitive sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel beads prepared by combined Ca2+ crosslinking and freeze-thawing cycles for controlled release of diclofenac sodium. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:517-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Greimel A, Werle M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Oral peptide delivery: in-vitro evaluation of thiolated alginate/poly(acrylic acid) microparticles. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1191-8. [PMID: 17883889 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.9.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an oral thiomer-based microparticulate delivery system for insulin by ionic gelation. The microparticulate matrix consisted of either poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine (PAA-Cys) and alginate-cysteine (Alg-Cys) or the corresponding unmodified polymers (PAA, Alg). Two different viscosities of alginates were provided for the study, low and medium. Three different types of microparticles were prepared via ionic gelation with calcium (Alg, AlgPAA and AlgPAA-Cys) and their different properties evaluated in-vitro (particle size and shape, drug loading and release profile, swelling and stability). The mean particle size of all formulations ranged from 400 to 600 μm, revealing the lowest for thiolated microparticles. SEM micrographs showed different morphological profiles for the three different types of microparticles. Encapsulation efficiency of insulin increased within the following rank order: Alg (15%) < AlgPAA (40%) < AlgPAA-Cys (65%). Alginate and AlgPAA microparticles displayed a burst release after 30 min, whereas the thiolated particles achieved a controlled release of insulin over 3 h. The swelling ratio was pH dependent: in simulated intestinal fluid microparticles exhibited a much higher water uptake compared with simulated gastric fluid. Due to the formation of intraparticulate disulfide bonds during the preparation process, thiolated particles revealed a higher stability. It was also observed that the viscosity of the two alginates used had no influence on the properties of the particles. According to these results AlgPAA-Cys microparticles obtained by ionic gelation and stabilized via disulfide bonds might be an alternative tool for the oral administration of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Greimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Josef-Möller-Haus, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Zhang YW, Prabhu P, Lee JK, Kim IW. ENHANCED STABILITY OFBACILLUS LICHENIFORMISL-ARABINOSE ISOMERASE BY IMMOBILIZATION WITH ALGINATE. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 40:65-75. [DOI: 10.1080/10826060903400567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Khan W, Rayirath UP, Subramanian S, Jithesh MN, Rayorath P, Hodges DM, Critchley AT, Craigie JS, Norrie J, Prithiviraj B. Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth and Development. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2009. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-009-9103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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33
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Zhang YW, Prabhu P, Lee JK. Alginate immobilization of recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells harboring L-arabinose isomerase for L-ribulose production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:741-8. [PMID: 19946709 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells harboring Bacillus licheniformis L-arabinose isomerase (BLAI) were immobilized with alginate. The operational conditions for immobilization were optimized with response surface methodology. Optimal alginate concentration, Ca(2+) concentration, and cell mass loading were 1.8% (w/v), 0.1 M, and 44.5 g L(-1), respectively. The interactions between Ca(2+) concentration, alginate concentration, and initial cell mass were significant. After immobilization of BLAI, cross-linking with 0.1% glutaraldehyde significantly reduced cell leakage. The half-life of immobilized whole cells was 150 days, which was 50-fold longer than that of free cells. In seven repeated batches for L-ribulose production, the productivity was as high as 56.7 g L(-1) h(-1) at 400 g L(-1) substrate concentration. The immobilized cells retained 89% of the initial yield after 33 days of reaction. Immobilization of whole cells harboring BLAI, therefore, makes a suitable biocatalyst for the production of L-ribulose, particularly because of its high stability and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Wang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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34
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Moebus K, Siepmann J, Bodmeier R. Alginate–poloxamer microparticles for controlled drug delivery to mucosal tissue. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Ditto AJ, Shah PN, Lopina ST, Yun YH. Nanospheres formulated from l-tyrosine polyphosphate as a potential intracellular delivery device. Int J Pharm 2009; 368:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Lee HY, Chan LW, Dolzhenko AV, Heng PWS. Influence of viscosity and uronic acid composition of alginates on the properties of alginate films and microspheres produced by emulsification. J Microencapsul 2008; 23:912-27. [PMID: 17390632 DOI: 10.1080/02652040601058368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of viscosity and uronic acid composition of alginates on the properties of alginate films and microspheres produced by emulsification. Tensile properties of films were determined while the yield, size, drug contents and release characteristics of the microspheres were examined. Tensile properties of calcium alginate matrix were significantly affected by the orientation and arrangement of the polymer chains. High viscosity alginates gave rise to higher yields and bigger microspheres. Generally, microspheres with high drug content and slower rate of drug release had high Ca2+ contents and were produced from alginates of higher viscosity. Within an alginate microsphere batch, small sized microsphere fractions had higher drug contents but showed faster drug release rates. Microspheres having a defined size range revealed great dependence of encapsulation efficiency and drug release rates on viscosity and extent of Ca2+-alginate interaction. Viscosity appeared to exert a predominant influence on the microsphere properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Ying Lee
- Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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37
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Wong TW, Wahab S, Anthony Y. Effects of Microwave on Drug Release Property of Poly(Methyl Vinyl Ether-co-Maleic Acid) Matrix. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:737-46. [PMID: 17654022 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601015513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The drug release behavior of beads made of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) was investigated with respect to the influence of microwave irradiation. The beads were prepared by an extrusion method with sodium diclofenac as a model water-soluble drug. The beads were subjected to microwave irradiation at 80 W for 5 and 20 min, and at 300 W for 1 min 20 s and 5 min 20 s. The profiles of drug dissolution, drug content, drug-polymer interaction, and polymer-polymer interaction were determined by using dissolution testing, drug content assay, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Keeping the level of supplied irradiation energy identical, treatment of beads by microwave at varying intensities of irradiation did not bring about similar drug release profiles. The extent and rate of drug released from beads were markedly enhanced through treating the samples by microwave at 80 W as a result of loss of polymer-polymer interaction via the (CH(2))(n) moiety, but decreased upon treating the beads by microwave at 300 W following polymer-polymer interaction via the O-H, COOH, and COO(-) moieties as well as drug-polymer interaction via the N-H, O-H, COO(-), and C-O moieties. The beads treated by microwave at 300 W exhibited a higher level of drug release retardation capacity than those that were treated by microwave at 80 W in spite of polymer-polymer interaction via the (CH(2))(n) moiety was similarly reduced in the matrix. The mechanism of drug release of both microwave-treated and untreated beads tended to follow zero order kinetics. The drug release was markedly governed by the state of polymer relaxation of the matrix and was in turn affected by the state of polymer-polymer and/or drug-polymer interaction in beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Wui Wong
- Particle Design Research Group, Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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38
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Chan AW, Whitney RA, Neufeld RJ. Kinetic Controlled Synthesis of pH-Responsive Network Alginate. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2536-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel W. Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Ralph A. Whitney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Ronald J. Neufeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
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39
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Hung CP, Lo HF, Hsu WH, Chen SC, Lin LL. Immobilization of Escherichia coli novablue γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in Ca-alginate-k-carrageenan beads. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 150:157-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Wong TW, Nurjaya S. Drug release property of chitosan–pectinate beads and its changes under the influence of microwave. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:176-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Chi MC, Lyu RC, Lin LL, Huang HB. Characterization of Bacillus kaustophilus leucine aminopeptidase immobilized in Ca-alginate/k-carrageenan beads. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Nasser A, Mingelgrin U, Gerstl Z. Effect of soil moisture on the release of alachlor from alginate-based controlled-release formulations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1322-1327. [PMID: 18193836 DOI: 10.1021/jf0718392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The release of alachlor from controlled-release formulations (CRFs) based on alginate-montmorillonite matrices into aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions of different concentrations and into a soil at different moisture contents was studied. In distilled water and in PEG-containing solutions displaying -0.1 MPa potential and up, the beads imbibe water and swell. The ensuing increase in weight is about 5%, and the increase in the bead's diameter is about 10%. At water potentials of -0.5 MPa and lower, loss of weight and shrinkage of the beads were observed. The changes in weight and diameter of the alginate-clay beads incubated in a Hamra loamy sand soil at 26.5% moisture content (w/w; -0.18 MPa) were similar to those observed in PEG solutions of >-0.5 MPa moisture potential. The weight and diameter losses observed in the drier soils (12.0 and 7.1% water content; -0.49 and -1.11 MPa) were similar to those in the more concentrated PEG solutions. A decrease in the rate of release of the active ingredient from the beads into soil was observed as the water potential decreased (drier soils). The release of the active ingredient from the investigated CRFs displayed a linear relationship to the square root of time, suggesting a diffusion-controlled-release rate. Data extracted from this relationship enabled the formulation of a mathematical model that correlates rate of release to water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nasser
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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43
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Zhao Q, Mao Z, Gao C, Shen J. Assembly of multilayer microcapsules on CacO3 particles from biocompatible polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2006; 17:997-1014. [PMID: 17094638 DOI: 10.1163/156856206778366031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multilayer microcapsules were fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of natural polysaccharides onto CaCO3 particles, following with core removal. The micron-sized CaCO3 particles were synthesized by reaction between Ca(NO3)2 and Na2CO3 solutions in the existence of carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC). The incorporated amount of CMC in the CaCO3 particles was found to be 5.3 wt% by thermogravimetric analysis. Two biocompatible polysaccharides, chitosan and sodium alginate were alternately deposited onto the CaCO3(CMC) templates to obtain hollow microcapsules. Regular oscillation of surface charge as detected by zeta potential demonstrated that the assembly proceeded surely in a LbL manner. The stability of the microcapsules was effectively improved by cross-linking of chitosan with glutaraldehyde. The chemical reaction was verified by infrared spectroscopy. The microcapsules thus fabricated could be spontaneously filled with positively charged low molecular weight substances such as rhodamine 6G and showed good biocompatibility, as detected by in vitro cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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44
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Liu X, Heng WS, Li Q, Chan LW. Novel polymeric microspheres containing norcantharidin for chemoembolization. J Control Release 2006; 116:35-41. [PMID: 17050026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemoembolization has been found to be a potentially effective method of treating certain types of cancer. It involves arterial embolization of a tumor, in combination with simultaneous or subsequent local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, PLGA-alginate microspheres were evaluated for their potential application in chemoembolization. Norcantharidin, which possesses anti-tumor properties, was used to investigate the application of drug-containing microspheres for chemoembolization. The release profiles of alginate, PLGA and PLGA-alginate microspheres were markedly different in phosphate buffered saline, with the composite microspheres showing the most appropriate release rate for chemoembolization. Burst effect decreased while particle size increased with increasing proportion of alginate in the PLGA-alginate microspheres. PLGA-alginate microspheres containing norcantharidin were effective in destroying the cancer cells used in this study. The growth inhibitory effect was concentration and time dependent. These microspheres also exhibited excellent embolization and therapeutic effects on rats with transplanted tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Alginates
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma 256, Walker/drug therapy
- Carcinoma 256, Walker/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemoembolization, Therapeutic
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Lactic Acid
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microspheres
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Particle Size
- Polyglycolic Acid
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
- Polymers
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Solubility
- Survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Srivastava R, McShane MJ. Application of self-assembled ultra-thin film coatings to stabilize macromolecule encapsulation in alginate microspheres. J Microencapsul 2006; 22:397-411. [PMID: 16214787 DOI: 10.1080/02652040500099612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alginate-based hydrogels have several unique properties that have enabled them to be used as a matrix for the entrapment of a variety of enzymes, proteins and cells for applications in bioprocessing, drug delivery and chemical sensing. However, control over release rates or, in some cases, stable encapsulation remains a difficult goal, especially for small particles with high surface-area-to-volume ratios. In this work, the potential to limit diffusion of macromolecules embedded in alginate spheres with nanofilm coatings was assessed. Alginate microspheres were fabricated using an emulsification process with high surfactant concentration to form beads in the size range of 2-10 microm. Using calcium chloride for ionotropic gelation, dextran was encapsulated in the gel phase by mixing with the alginate in solution. The exterior surface was then modified with polyelectrolyte coatings using the layer-by-layer self assembly technique. Leaching studies to assess retention of dextran with varying molecular weights confirmed that the application of multi-layer thin films to the alginate microspheres was effective in reducing leaching rate and total loss of the encapsulated material from the microspheres. For the best case, the rate of release for dextran of 2,000,000 Dalton molecular weight decreased from 1% h(-1) in bare microspheres to 0.1% h(-1) in polyelectrolyte-coated microspheres. The effectiveness of nanofilms reducing loss of the encapsulated macromolecules was found to vary between different polycation materials used. These studies support the feasibility of using these microsystems for development of long-term stable encapsulated systems, such as implantable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srivastava
- Biomedical engineering and the Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
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46
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George M, Abraham TE. Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs: alginate and chitosan--a review. J Control Release 2006; 114:1-14. [PMID: 16828914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1170] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The protein pharmaceutical market is rapidly growing, since it is gaining support from the recombinant DNA technology. To deliver these drugs via the oral route, the most preferred route, is the toughest challenge. In the design of oral delivery of peptide or protein drugs, pH sensitive hydrogels like alginate and chitosan have attracted increasing attention, since most of the synthetic polymers are immunogenic and the incorporation of proteins in to these polymers require harsh environment which may denature and inactivate the desired protein. Alginate is a water-soluble linear polysaccharide composed of alternating blocks of 1-4 linked alpha-L-guluronic and beta-D-mannuronic acid residues where as chitosan is a co polymer of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine. The incorporation of protein into these two matrices can be done under relatively mild environment and hence the chances of protein denaturation are minimal. The limitations of these polymers, like drug leaching during preparation can be overcome by different techniques which increase their encapsulation efficiency. Alginate, being an anionic polymer with carboxyl end groups, is a good mucoadhesive agent. The pore size of alginate gel microbeads has been shown to be between 5 and 200 nm and coated beads and microspheres are found to be better oral delivery vehicles. Cross-linked alginate has more capacity to retain the entrapped drugs and mixing of alginate with other polymers such as neutral gums, pectin, chitosan, and eudragit have been found to solve the problem of drug leaching. Chitosan has only limited ability for controlling the release of encapsulated compound due to its hydrophilic nature and easy solubility in acidic medium. By simple covalent modifications of the polymer, its physicochemical properties can be changed and can be made suitable for the peroral drug delivery purpose. Ionic interactions between positively charged amino groups in chitosan and the negatively charged mucus gel layer make it mucoadhesive. The favourable properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH sensitiveness, mucoadhesiveness, etc. has enabled these polymers to become the choice of the pharmacologists as oral delivery matrices for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera George
- Polymer Section, Chemical Science Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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Controlled release formulations of carbaryl based on copper alginate, barium alginate, and alginic acid beads. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shi XW, Du YM, Sun LP, Yang JH, Wang XH, Su XL. Ionically crosslinked alginate/carboxymethyl chitin beads for oral delivery of protein drugs. Macromol Biosci 2005; 5:881-9. [PMID: 16134086 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Complex beads composed of alginate and carboxymethyl chitin (CMCT) were prepared by dropping aqueous alginate-CMCT into an iron(III) solution. The structure and morphology of the beads were characterized by IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IR confirmed electrostatic interactions between iron(III) and the carboxyl groups of alginate as well as CMCT, and the binding model was suggested as a three-dimensional structure. SEM revealed that CMCT had a porous morphology while alginate and their complex beads had a core-layer structure. The swelling behavior, encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from the beads at different pHs were investigated. The BSA encapsulation efficiency was fairly high (>90%). It was found that CMCT disintegrated at pH 1.2 and alginate eroded at pH 7.4 while the complex beads could effectively retain BSA in acid (>85%) and reduce the BSA release at pH 7.4. The results suggested that the iron(III)-alginate-CMCT bead could be a suitable polymeric carrier for site-specific protein drug delivery in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Shi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhu H, Srivastava R, Brown JQ, McShane MJ. Combined physical and chemical immobilization of glucose oxidase in alginate microspheres improves stability of encapsulation and activity. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 16:1451-8. [PMID: 16287241 PMCID: PMC4465397 DOI: 10.1021/bc050171z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical sensors utilizing immobilized enzymes and proteins are important for monitoring chemical processes and biological systems. In this study, calcium-cross-linked alginate hydrogel microspheres were fabricated as enzyme carriers by an emulsification technique. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was encapsulated in alginate microspheres using three different methods: physical entrapment (emulsion), chemical conjugation (conjugation), and a combination of physical entrapment and chemical conjugation (emulsion-conjugation). Nano-organized coatings were applied on alginate/GOx microspheres using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique in order to stabilize the hydrogel/enzyme system under biological environment. The encapsulation of GOx and formation of nanofilm coating on alginate microspheres were verified with FTIR spectral analysis, zeta-potential analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. To compare both the immobilization properties of enzyme encapsulation techniques and the influence of nanofilms with uncoated microspheres, the relationship between enzyme loading, release, and effective GOx activity (enzyme activity per unit protein loading) were studied over a period of four weeks. The results produced four key findings: (1) the emulsion-conjugation technique improved the stability of GOx in alginate microspheres compared to the emulsion technique, reducing the GOx leaching from microsphere from 50% to 17%; (2) the polyelectrolyte nanofilm coatings increased the GOx stability over time, but also reduced the effective GOx activity; (3) the effective GOx activity for the emulsion-conjugation technique (about 3.5 x 10(-)(5) AU microg(-)(1) s(-)(1)) was higher than that for other methods, and did not change significantly over four weeks; and (4) the GOx concentration, when compared after one week for microspheres with three bilayers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) ({PAH/PSS}) coating, was highest for the emulsion-conjugation technique. As a result, the comparison of these three techniques showed the emulsion-conjugation technique to be a potentially effective and practical way to fabricate alginate/GOx microspheres for implantable glucose biosensor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Zhu
- Corresponding author. Tel: (318) 257-5127. Fax: (318) 257-5104.
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Ribeiro AJ, Silva C, Ferreira D, Veiga F. Chitosan-reinforced alginate microspheres obtained through the emulsification/internal gelation technique. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 25:31-40. [PMID: 15854798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification/internal gelation were chosen as carriers for a model protein, hemoglobin (Hb). Reinforced chitosan-coated microspheres were obtained by an uninterrupted method, in order to simplify the coating process, minimize protein losses during production and to avoid Hb escape under acidic conditions. Microspheres recovery was evaluated as well as its morphology by determination of Hb encapsulation efficiency and microscopic observation, respectively. The formation of chitosan membrane made of it interaction with alginate was assessed by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry) studies. Spherical uncoated microspheres with a mean diameter of 20 microm and encapsulation efficiency above 89% were obtained. Coated microspheres provided similar encapsulation efficiency but a higher mean diameter was obtained due to microspheres clumping during the coating step. Protein loss occurred mainly during emulsification rather than recovery. FT-IR and DSC together indicated electrostatic interactions between alginate carboxylate and chitosan ammonium groups as the main forces for complex formation. Hb release from microspheres showed a pH-dependent profile and was affected by chitosan coating. Under simulated gastric conditions, a total Hb burst release from uncoated microspheres was decreased with one-stage and two-stage chitosan coatings (68% and 28%, respectively). At pH 6.8, the Hb release from coated microspheres was fast but incomplete. These results suggest an optimization of the coating method to protect Hb under acidic conditions and to permit a complete but sustained release of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- António J Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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