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Liu Z, Nie Y, Wang S, Sun C, Cai Y, Liu S. A cancer cell nanotherapy method based on GHz film bulk acoustic resonator and nanoscale CaO 2. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:932-939. [PMID: 38317637 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241229888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging cancer treatment method in recent years. However, the ultrasound signal utilized for SDT is usually located at a low-frequency spectrum (<2 MHz), and in the field of SDT research, few studies have focused on the exploration and development of ultrasound frequency. Studies have shown that the GHz-level ultrasound can increase cell membrane permeability and have a negligible effect on cell vitality. Herein, we reported the study of a GHz thin film bulk acoustic resonator as an ultrasound source for synergistic treatment with nanoscale calcium peroxide (CaO2). It was discovered that this ultrasound source ultimately achieved an efficient therapeutic outcome on mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1. Such GHz-level ultrasound application in SDT is of high significance to broaden the cognition and application scope of SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulun Nie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Cai
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hwang J, Jung HW, Kim KM, Jeong D, Lee JH, Hong JH, Jang WY. Regulation of myogenesis and adipogenesis by the electromagnetic perceptive gene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21167. [PMID: 38036595 PMCID: PMC10689489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been increasing in many regions of the world, including Europe, USA, and Korea. To manage obesity, we should consider it as a disease and apply therapeutic methods for its treatment. Molecular and therapeutic approaches for obesity management involve regulating biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein in adipose-derived stem cells to prevent to be fat cells. Multiple factors are believed to play a role in fat differentiation, with one of the most effective factor is Ca2+. We recently reported that the electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) regulated intracellular Ca2+ levels under various electromagnetic fields. This study aimed to investigate whether EPG could serve as a therapeutic method against obesity. We confirmed that EPG serves as a modulator of Ca2+ levels in primary adipose cells, thereby regulating several genes such as CasR, PPARγ, GLU4, GAPDH during the adipogenesis. In addition, this study also identified EPG-mediated regulation of myogenesis that myocyte transcription factors (CasR, MyoG, MyoD, Myomaker) were changed in C2C12 cells and satellite cells. In vivo experiments carried out in this study confirmed that total weight/ fat/fat accumulation were decreased and lean mass was increased by EPG with magnetic field depending on age of mice. The EPG could serve as a potent therapeutic agent against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsun Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano, Regeneration, and Reconstruction, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Jeong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano, Regeneration, and Reconstruction, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuck Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano, Regeneration, and Reconstruction, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano, Regeneration, and Reconstruction, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Korea-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Bohovyk R, Khedr S, Levchenko V, Stefanenko M, Semenikhina M, Kravtsova O, Isaeva E, Geurts AM, Klemens CA, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Protease-Activated Receptor 1-Mediated Damage of Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 2023; 72:1795-1808. [PMID: 37722138 PMCID: PMC10658073 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
There is clinical evidence that increased urinary serine proteases are associated with the disease severity in the setting of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Elevation of serine proteases may mediate [Ca2+]i dynamics in podocytes through the protease-activated receptors (PARs) pathway, including associated activation of nonspecific cation channels. Cultured human podocytes and freshly isolated glomeruli were used for fluorescence and immunohistochemistry stainings, calcium imaging, Western blot analysis, scanning ion conductance microscopy, and patch clamp analysis. Goto-Kakizaki, Wistar, type 2 DN (T2DN), and a novel PAR1 knockout on T2DN rat background rats were used to test the importance of PAR1-mediated signaling in DN settings. We found that PAR1 activation increases [Ca2+]i via TRPC6 channels. Both human cultured podocytes exposed to high glucose and podocytes from freshly isolated glomeruli of T2DN rats had increased PAR1-mediated [Ca2+]i compared with controls. Imaging experiments revealed that PAR1 activation plays a role in podocyte morphological changes. T2DN rats exhibited a significantly higher response to thrombin and urokinase. Moreover, the plasma concentration of thrombin in T2DN rats was significantly elevated compared with Wistar rats. T2DNPar1-/- rats were embryonically lethal. T2DNPar1+/- rats had a significant decrease in glomerular damage associated with DN lesions. Overall, these data provide evidence that, during the development of DN, elevated levels of serine proteases promote an excessive [Ca2+]i influx in podocytes through PAR1-TRPC6 signaling, ultimately leading to podocyte apoptosis, the development of albuminuria, and glomeruli damage. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Increased urinary serine proteases are associated with diabetic nephropathy. During the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, the elevation of serine proteases could overstimulate protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). PAR1 signaling is involved in the development of DN via TRPC6-mediated intracellular calcium signaling. This study provides fundamental knowledge that can be used to develop efficient therapeutic approaches targeting serine proteases or corresponding PAR pathways to prevent or slow the progression of diabetes-associated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Bohovyk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Marharyta Semenikhina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Olha Kravtsova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christine A. Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL
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Caminos E, Murillo-Martínez M, García-Belando M, Cabanes-Sanchís JJ, Martinez-Galan JR. Robust expression of the TRPC1 channel associated with photoreceptor loss in the rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109655. [PMID: 37722585 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Baseline intracellular calcium levels are significantly higher in neuronal and glial cells of rat retinas with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although this situation could initiate multiple detrimental pathways that lead to cell death, we considered the possibility of TRPC1 being involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the retina by acting as a component of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels with special relevance during photoreceptor degeneration. In this study, we examined by Western blot the expression of TRPC1 in healthy control rat retinas (Sprague-Dawley, SD) and retinas with RP (P23H-1 rats). We also analyzed its specific cellular distribution by immunofluorescence to recognize changes during neurodegeneration and to determine whether its presence is consistent with high basal calcium levels and cellular survival in degenerating retinas. We found that TRPC1 immunostaining was widely distributed across the retina in both rat strains, SD and P23H, and its expression levels significantly increased in the retinas with advanced degeneration compared to the age-control SD rats. In the outer retina, TRPC1 immunoreactivity was distributed in pigment epithelium cells, the photoreceptor inner segments of older animals, and the outer plexiform layer. In the inner retina, TRPC1 labeling was detected in horizontal cells, specific somata of bipolar and amacrine cells, and cellular processes in all the strata of the inner plexiform layer. Somata and processes were also highly immunoreactive in the ganglion cell layer and astrocytes in the nerve fiber layer in all animals. In the P23H rat retinas, the TRPC1 distribution pattern changed according to advancing photoreceptor degeneration and the gliosis reaction, with TRPC1 immunoreactive Müller cells mainly in advanced stages of disease. The cellular TRPC1 immunoreactivity found in this work suggests different mechanisms of activation of these channels depending on the cell type. Furthermore, the results support the idea that photoreceptor loss due to RP is associated with robust TRPC1 protein expression in the rat inner retina and raise the possibility of TRPC1 channels contributing to maintain high basal calcium levels during neurodegeneration and/or maintenance processes of the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caminos
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Medical Science, Medical School of Albacete, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain.
| | - Marina Murillo-Martínez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Medical Science, Medical School of Albacete, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain.
| | - María García-Belando
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Medical Science, Medical School of Albacete, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain.
| | - José Julio Cabanes-Sanchís
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Medical Science, Medical School of Albacete, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain.
| | - Juan R Martinez-Galan
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Medical Science, Medical School of Albacete, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain.
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Okada Y, Numata T, Sabirov RZ, Kashio M, Merzlyak PG, Sato-Numata K. Cell death induction and protection by activation of ubiquitously expressed anion/cation channels. Part 3: the roles and properties of TRPM2 and TRPM7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1246955. [PMID: 37842082 PMCID: PMC10576435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1246955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell volume regulation (CVR) is a prerequisite for animal cells to survive and fulfill their functions. CVR dysfunction is essentially involved in the induction of cell death. In fact, sustained normotonic cell swelling and shrinkage are associated with necrosis and apoptosis, and thus called the necrotic volume increase (NVI) and the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), respectively. Since a number of ubiquitously expressed ion channels are involved in the CVR processes, these volume-regulatory ion channels are also implicated in the NVI and AVD events. In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series of review articles, we described the roles of swelling-activated anion channels called VSOR or VRAC and acid-activated anion channels called ASOR or PAC in CVR and cell death processes. Here, Part 3 focuses on therein roles of Ca2+-permeable non-selective TRPM2 and TRPM7 cation channels activated by stress. First, we summarize their phenotypic properties and molecular structure. Second, we describe their roles in CVR. Since cell death induction is tightly coupled to dysfunction of CVR, third, we focus on their participation in the induction of or protection against cell death under oxidative, acidotoxic, excitotoxic, and ischemic conditions. In this regard, we pay attention to the sensitivity of TRPM2 and TRPM7 to a variety of stress as well as to their capability to physicall and functionally interact with other volume-related channels and membrane enzymes. Also, we summarize a large number of reports hitherto published in which TRPM2 and TRPM7 channels are shown to be involved in cell death associated with a variety of diseases or disorders, in some cases as double-edged swords. Lastly, we attempt to describe how TRPM2 and TRPM7 are organized in the ionic mechanisms leading to cell death induction and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Okada
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical Uniersity, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
| | - Ravshan Z. Sabirov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Makiko Kashio
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical Uniersity, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Peter G. Merzlyak
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kaori Sato-Numata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
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Dumanska H, Telka M, Veselovsky N. Inhibition of high-voltage-activated calcium currents by acute hypoxia in cultured retinal ganglion cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1202083. [PMID: 37465211 PMCID: PMC10351036 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1202083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common factor of numerous ocular diseases that lead to dysfunctions and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with subsequent vision loss. High-voltage-activated calcium channels are the main source of calcium entry into neurons. Their activity plays a central role in different signaling processes in health and diseases, such as enzyme activation, gene transcription, synaptic transmission, or the onset of cell death. This study aims to establish and evaluate the initial effect of the early stage of acute hypoxia on somatic HVA calcium currents in cultured RGCs. HVA calcium currents were recorded in RGCs using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in the voltage-clamp mode. The fast local superfusion was used for a brief (up to 270 s) application of the hypoxic solution (pO2 < 5 mmHg). The switch from normoxic to hypoxic solutions and vice versa was less than 1 s. The HVA calcium channel activity was inhibited by acute hypoxia in 79% of RGCs (30 of 38 RGCs) in a strong voltage-dependent manner. The level of inhibition was independent of the duration of hypoxia or repeated applications. The hypoxia-induced inhibition of calcium currents had a strong correlation with the duration of hypoxia and showed the transition from reversible to irreversible at 75 s of hypoxia and longer. The results obtained are the first demonstration of the phenomena of HVA calcium current inhibition by acute hypoxia in RGCs and provide a conceptual framework for further research.
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Du Preez S, Eaton-Fitch N, Smith PK, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Altered TRPM7-Dependent Calcium Influx in Natural Killer Cells of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1039. [PMID: 37509075 PMCID: PMC10377690 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling multisystemic condition. The pathomechanism of ME/CFS remains unestablished; however, impaired natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity is a consistent feature of this condition. Calcium (Ca2+) is crucial for NK cell effector functions. Growing research recognises Ca2+ signalling dysregulation in ME/CFS patients and implicates transient receptor potential ion channel dysfunction. TRPM7 (melastatin) was recently considered in the pathoaetiology of ME/CFS as it participates in several Ca2+-dependent processes that are central to NK cell cytotoxicity which may be compromised in ME/CFS. TRPM7-dependent Ca2+ influx was assessed in NK cells isolated from n = 9 ME/CFS patients and n = 9 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using live cell fluorescent imaging techniques. Slope (p < 0.05) was significantly reduced in ME/CFS patients compared with HCs following TRPM7 activation. Half-time of maximal response (p < 0.05) and amplitude (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in the HCs compared with the ME/CFS patients following TRPM7 desensitisation. Findings from this investigation suggest that TRPM7-dependent Ca2+ influx is reduced with agonism and increased with antagonism in ME/CFS patients relative to the age- and sex-matched HCs. The outcomes reported here potentially reflect TRPM3 dysfunction identified in this condition suggesting that ME/CFS is a TRP ion channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Du Preez
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Natalie Eaton-Fitch
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Peter K Smith
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- Queensland Allergy Services, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
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Uryash A, Mijares A, Estève E, Adams JA, Lopez JR. Smooth Muscle Cells of Dystrophic (mdx) Mice Are More Susceptible to Hypoxia; The Protective Effect of Reducing Ca 2+ Influx. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020623. [PMID: 36831159 PMCID: PMC9953629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited muscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD patients have hypoxemic events due to sleep-disordered breathing. We reported an anomalous regulation of resting intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a mouse (mdx) model of DMD. We investigated the effect of hypoxia on [Ca2+]i in isolated and quiescent VSMCs from C57BL/10SnJ (WT) and C57BL/10ScSn-Dmd (mdx) male mice. [Ca2+]i was measured using Ca2+-selective microelectrodes under normoxic conditions (95% air, 5% CO2) and after hypoxia (glucose-free solution aerated with 95% N2-5% CO2 for 30 min). [Ca2+]i in mdx VSMCs was significantly elevated compared to WT under normoxia. Hypoxia-induced [Ca2+]i overload, which was significantly greater in mdx than in WT VSMCs. A low Ca2+ solution caused a reduction in [Ca2+]i and prevented [Ca2+]i overload secondary to hypoxia. Nifedipine (10 µM), a Ca2+ channel blocker, did not modify resting [Ca2+]i in VSMCs but partially prevented the hypoxia-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in both genotypes. SAR7334 (1 µM), an antagonist of TRPC3 and TRPC6, reduced the basal and [Ca2+]i overload caused by hypoxia. Cell viability, assessed by tetrazolium salt (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, was significantly reduced in mdx compared to WT VSMCs. Pretreatment with SAR7341 increases cell viability in normoxic mdx (p < 0.001) and during hypoxia in WT and mdx VSMCs. These results provide evidence that the lack of dystrophin makes VSMCs more susceptible to hypoxia-induced [Ca2+]i overload, which appears to be mediated by increased Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ and TRPC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA
| | - Alfredo Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 21827, Venezuela
| | - Eric Estève
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHRU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG/PRETA (UMR 5525), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-674-2727
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Vlok M, Snoddy AME, Ramesh N, Wheeler BJ, Standen VG, Arriaza BT. The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23819. [PMID: 36251616 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than two centuries, lack of sunlight has been understood to cause vitamin D deficiency and documented as a primary cause of rickets. As such, evidence of rickets in the archeological record has been used as a proxy for vitamin D status in past individuals and populations. In the last decade, a clinical global consensus has emerged wherein it is recognized that dietary calcium deficiency also plays a role in the manifestation of rickets and classic skeletal deformities may not form if dietary calcium is normal even if vitamin D is deficient. This disease is now clinically called "nutritional rickets" to reflect the fact that rickets can take calcium deficiency-predominant or vitamin D deficiency-predominant forms. However, there are currently no paleopathological studies wherein dietary calcium deficiency is critically considered a primary etiology of the disease. We review here the interplay of calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous in bone homeostasis, examine the role of dietary calcium in human health, and critically explore the clinical literature on calcium deficiency-predominant rickets. Finally, we report a case of rickets from the late Formative Period (~2500-1500 years ago) of the Atacama Desert and argue the disease in this infant is likely an example of calcium deficiency-predominant rickets. We conclude that most archeological cases of rickets are the result of multiple micronutrient deficiencies that compound to manifest in macroscopic skeletal lesions. For clinicians, these factors are important for implementing best treatment practice, and for paleopathologists they are necessary for appropriate interpretation of health in past communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melandri Vlok
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anne Marie E Snoddy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Niranjan Ramesh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Wheeler
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Vivien G Standen
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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Correa BH, Moreira CR, Hildebrand ME, Vieira LB. The Role of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Basal Ganglia Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:183-201. [PMID: 35339179 PMCID: PMC10190140 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327211156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in regulating many cellular processes and influences cell survival. Several mechanisms can disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis to trigger cell death, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) act as the main source of Ca2+ entry into electrically excitable cells, such as neurons, and they are also expressed in glial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The dysregulation of VGCC activity has been reported in both Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's (HD). PD and HD are progressive neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) of the basal ganglia characterized by motor impairment as well as cognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions. This review will examine the putative role of neuronal VGCCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of central movement disorders, focusing on PD and HD. The link between basal ganglia disorders and VGCC physiology will provide a framework for understanding the neurodegenerative processes that occur in PD and HD, as well as a possible path towards identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo H.M. Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Kong J, Park SS, Ha CS. pH-Sensitive Polyacrylic Acid-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Incorporated with Calcium Ions for Controlled Drug Release. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5926. [PMID: 36079309 PMCID: PMC9457024 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, polyacrylic acid-functionalized MCM-41 was synthesized, which was made to interact with calcium ions, in order to realize enhanced pH-responsive nanocarriers for sustained drug release. First, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Afterward, a (3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) modified surface was prepared by using the post-grafting method, and then the polymerization of the acrylic acid was performed. After adding a calcium chloride solution, polyacrylic acid-functionalized MSNs with calcium-carboxyl ionic bonds in the polymeric layer, which can prevent the cargo from leaking out of the mesopore, were prepared. The structure and morphology of the modified nanoparticles (PAA-MSNs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, etc. The controlled release of guest molecules was studied by using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The drug molecule-incorporated nanoparticles showed different releasing rates under different pH conditions. It is considered that our current materials have the potential as pH-responsive nanocarriers in the field of medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Kong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Ha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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12
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Farnsworth NL, Piscopio RA, Schleicher WE, Ramirez DG, Miranda JG, Benninger RKP. Modulation of Gap Junction Coupling Within the Islet of Langerhans During the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913611. [PMID: 35837011 PMCID: PMC9274093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), islet dysfunction occurs prior to diabetes onset. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can disrupt insulin secretion and Ca2+ homeostasis. Connexin36 (Cx36) gap junctions electrically couple β-cells to coordinate glucose-stimulated Ca2+ and insulin secretion. Cx36 gap junction coupling can also protect against cytokine-induced apoptosis. Our goal was to determine how islet gap junction coupling and Ca2+ dynamics are altered in mouse models of T1D prior to diabetes. Glucose tolerance was assessed in NOD and immunodeficient NOD-RAG1KO mice at 6-12 weeks age. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, Ca2+ dynamics, and gap junction coupling were measured in islets isolated at each age. Gap junction coupling was also measured in islets from mice that underwent transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes and from chromograninA knockout NOD mice. Cell death was measured in islets isolated from wild-type, Cx36 knockout or Cx36 over-expression mice, each treated with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines and KATP or SERCA activators/inhibitors. NOD mice over-expressing Cx36 were also monitored for diabetes development, and islets assessed for insulitis and apoptosis. NOD and NOD-RAG1KO controls showed similar glucose tolerance at all ages. Ca2+ dynamics and gap junction coupling were disrupted in islets of NOD mice at 9 weeks, compared to controls. Transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes also decreased gap junction coupling. Islets from chromograninA knockout mice displayed normal coupling. Overexpression of Cx36 protected islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis. A knockout of Cx36 amplified cytokine-induced apoptosis, which was reversed by KATP activation or SERCA activation. Cx36 overexpression in NOD mice delayed diabetes development compared to NOD controls. However, apoptosis and insulitis were not improved. Decreases in islet gap junction coupling occur prior to T1D onset. Such decreases alter islet susceptibility to apoptosis due to altered Ca2+. Future studies will determine if increasing Cx36 gap junction coupling in combination with restoring Ca2+ homeostasis protects against islet decline in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L. Farnsworth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Universty of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert A. Piscopio
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Universty of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wolfgang E. Schleicher
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Universty of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David G. Ramirez
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Universty of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jose G. Miranda
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Universty of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard K. P. Benninger
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Universty of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Richard K. P. Benninger,
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13
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Bertagna F, Lewis R, Silva SRP, McFadden J, Jeevaratnam K. Thapsigargin blocks electromagnetic field-elicited intracellular Ca 2+ increase in HEK 293 cells. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15189. [PMID: 35510320 PMCID: PMC9069166 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have previously been identified for cellular proliferation and changes in expression and conduction of diverse types of ion channels. The major effect elicited by EMFs seems to be directed toward Ca2+ homeostasis. This is particularly remarkable since Ca2+ acts as a central modulator in various signaling pathways, including, but not limited to, cell differentiation and survival. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying this modulation have yet to be unraveled. Here, we assessed the effect of EMFs on intracellular [Ca2+], by exposing HEK 293 cells to both radio‐frequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs) and static magnetic fields (SMFs). We detected a constant and significant increase in [Ca2+] subsequent to exposure to both types of fields. Strikingly, the increase was nulled by administration of 10 μM Thapsigargin, a blocker of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPases (SERCAs), indicating the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in EMF‐related modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertagna
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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14
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Cong M, Xu H, Li Y, Tian W, Lv J. Modifications of calcium metabolism and apoptosis after ammonia nitrogen exposure imply a tumorous fate in clam Ruditapes philippinarum? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 245:106110. [PMID: 35189509 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) is a kind of toxic inorganic nitrogen that has been a great ecological stressor to the marine organisms for quite a few years in Chinese coastal area. Toxic mechanism of ammonia nitrogen on marine bivalve is not well elucidated, especially in calcium metabolism and apoptosis. In the present study, clams Ruditapes philippinarum were used as the experiment animals to receive NH3N exposure with environmental concentrations for 21 days. Results showed that NH3N exposure induced ROS production, decreased Ca2+ concentration, and increased caspase 3 activities in the clam gill cells. In addition, three kinds of Ca2+ exchanger genes, e. g. Na+/K+/Ca2+ exchanger 2, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 and monovalent cation/H+ antiporter, exhibited significant increments in transcription to eliminate intracellular Ca2+. Besides, NH3N exposure significantly increased mRNA expression levels of key anti-apoptotic regulator Bcl-2 genes (Bcl2-1 and Bcl2-1), which would inhibit the apoptosis degree in gill cells. Taken together, increased Ca2+-extrusion and apoptosis inhibition would act cooperatively to alleviate the apoptosis degree and extend the lifespan, so that some kind of tumor might develop in oxidative damaged gill cells after NH3N exposure. Therefore, it is predicted that NH3N exposure will probably bring the clam R. philippinarum a tumorous fate, which will be a great challenge for the healthy development of molluscs aquaculture under the current pollution condition. In addition, caspase 3 activity and mRNA expression levels of Bcl2-2 and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 could be used as potential clam biomarkers to indicate NH3N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cong
- Ocean School of Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Hongchao Xu
- Biology School of Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yuanmei Li
- Ocean School of Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- Ocean School of Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jiasen Lv
- Biology School of Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
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15
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Rihal V, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Vitamin D as therapeutic modulator in cerebrovascular diseases: a mechanistic perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7772-7794. [PMID: 35285752 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be particularly harmful to the cardiovascular system, as it can cause endothelial dysfunctioning and vascular abnormalities through the modulation of various downstream mechanisms. As a result, new research indicates that therapeutic approaches targeting vitamin D inadequacies or its significant downstream effects, such as impaired autophagy, abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant reactions, may delay the onset and severity of major cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and neurologic malformations. Vitamin D modulates the various molecular pathways, i.e., Nitric Oxide, PI3K-Akt Pathway, cAMP pathway, NF-kB Pathway, Sirtuin 1, Nrf2, FOXO, in cerebrovascular disorder. The current review shows evidence for vitamin D's mitigating or slowing the progression of these cerebrovascular disorders, which are significant causes of disability and death worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rihal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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16
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Gu Y, Forget A, Shastri VP. Biobridge: An Outlook on Translational Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103469. [PMID: 34862764 PMCID: PMC8787414 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
3D-bioprinting (3DBP) possesses several elements necessary to overcome the deficiencies of conventional tissue engineering, such as defining tissue shape a priori, and serves as a bridge to clinical translation. This transformative potential of 3DBP hinges on the development of the next generation of bioinks that possess attributes for clinical use. Toward this end, in addition to physicochemical characteristics essential for printing, bioinks need to possess proregenerative attributes, while enabling printing of stable structures with a defined biological function that survives implantation and evolves in vivo into functional tissue. With a focus on bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting, this perspective review advocates a rigorous biology-based approach to engineering bioinks, emphasizing efficiency, reproducibility, and a streamlined translation process that places the clinical endpoint front and center. A blueprint for engineering the next generation of bioinks that satisfy the aforementioned performance criteria for various translational levels (TRL1-5) and a characterization tool kit is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Gu
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
- Bioss‐Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgBreisgau79104Germany
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17
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Characterization of IL-2 Stimulation and TRPM7 Pharmacomodulation in NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Channel Co-Localization with PIP 2 in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211879. [PMID: 34831634 PMCID: PMC8618557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex multisystemic disorder responsible for significant disability. Although a unifying etiology for ME/CFS is uncertain, impaired natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity represents a consistent and measurable feature of this disorder. Research utilizing patient-derived NK cells has implicated dysregulated calcium (Ca2+) signaling, dysfunction of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent cation channel, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 3, as well as altered surface expression patterns of TRPM3 and TRPM2 in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS. TRPM7 is a related channel that is modulated by PIP2 and participates in Ca2+ signaling. Though TRPM7 is expressed on NK cells, the role of TRPM7 with IL-2 and intracellular signaling mechanisms in the NK cells of ME/CFS patients is unknown. This study examined the effect of IL-2 stimulation and TRPM7 pharmacomodulation on NK cell cytotoxicity using flow cytometric assays as well as co-localization of TRPM7 with PIP2 and cortical actin using confocal microscopy in 17 ME/CFS patients and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The outcomes of this investigation are preliminary and indicate that crosstalk between IL-2 and TRMP7 exists. A larger sample size to confirm these findings and characterization of TRPM7 in ME/CFS using other experimental modalities are warranted.
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18
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Caldwell S, Rothman DL. 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Understand the Biological Basis of ALS, Diagnose Patients Earlier, and Monitor Disease Progression. Front Neurol 2021; 12:701170. [PMID: 34512519 PMCID: PMC8429815 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, limited biomarkers exist to reliably understand, diagnose, and monitor the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurological disease characterized by motor neuron death. Standard MRI technology can only be used to exclude a diagnosis of ALS, but 1H-MRS technology, which measures neurochemical composition, may provide the unique ability to reveal biomarkers that are specific to ALS and sensitive enough to diagnose patients at early stages in disease progression. In this review, we present a summary of current theories of how mitochondrial energetics and an altered glutamate/GABA neurotransmitter flux balance play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The theories are synthesized into a model that predicts how pathogenesis impacts glutamate and GABA concentrations. When compared with the results of all MRS studies published to date that measure the absolute concentrations of these neurochemicals in ALS patients, results were variable. However, when normalized for neuronal volume using the MRS biomarker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), there is clear evidence for an elevation of neuronal glutamate in nine out of thirteen studies reviewed, an observation consistent with the predictions of the model of increased activity of glutamatergic neurons and excitotoxicity. We propose that this increase in neuronal glutamate concentration, in combination with decreased neuronal volume, is specific to the pathology of ALS. In addition, when normalized to glutamate levels, there is clear evidence for a decrease in neuronal GABA in three out of four possible studies reviewed, a finding consistent with a loss of inhibitory regulation contributing to excessive neuronal excitability. The combination of a decreased GABA/Glx ratio with an elevated Glx/NAA ratio may enhance the specificity for 1H-MRS detection of ALS and ability to monitor glutamatergic and GABAergic targeted therapeutics. Additional longitudinal studies calculating the exact value of these ratios are needed to test these hypotheses and understand how ratios may change over the course of disease progression. Proposed modifications to the experimental design of the reviewed 1H MRS studies may also increase the sensitivity of the technology to changes in these neurochemicals, particularly in early stages of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Caldwell
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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19
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Palygin O, Klemens CA, Isaeva E, Levchenko V, Spires DR, Dissanayake LV, Nikolaienko O, Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A. Characterization of purinergic receptor 2 signaling in podocytes from diabetic kidneys. iScience 2021; 24:102528. [PMID: 34142040 PMCID: PMC8188476 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that renal purinergic signaling undergoes significant remodeling during pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes. This study examined the renal P2 receptor profile and ATP-mediated calcium response from podocytes in glomeruli from kidneys with type 1 or type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD), using type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) rats and streptozotocin-injected Dahl salt-sensitive (type 1 diabetes) rats. A dramatic increase in the ATP-mediated intracellular calcium flux in podocytes was observed in both models. Pharmacological inhibition established that P2X4 and P2X7 are the major receptors contributing to the augmented ATP-mediated intracellular calcium signaling in diabetic podocytes. The transition in purinergic receptor composition from metabotropic to ionotropic may disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis in podocytes resulting in their dysfunction and potentially further aggravating DKD progression. Diabetic podocytes have sustained intracellular Ca2+ signaling in response to ATP Podocyte purinergic receptor signaling is predominantly ionotropic in diabetes Both type 1 and 2 diabetic podocytes have similar purinergic receptor remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lashodya V Dissanayake
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Oksana Nikolaienko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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20
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Bertagna F, Lewis R, Silva SRP, McFadden J, Jeevaratnam K. Effects of electromagnetic fields on neuronal ion channels: a systematic review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:82-103. [PMID: 33945157 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of chemistry and biology are mediated by electromagnetic field (EMF) interactions. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly sensitive to EMF stimuli. Studies have explored the direct effect of different EMFs on the electrical properties of neurons in the last two decades, particularly focusing on the role of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs). This work aims to systematically review published evidence in the last two decades detailing the effects of EMFs on neuronal ion channels as per the PRISM guidelines. Following a predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria, 22 papers were included after searches on three online databases. Changes in calcium homeostasis, attributable to the voltage-gated calcium channels, were found to be the most commonly reported result of EMF exposure. EMF effects on the neuronal landscape appear to be diverse and greatly dependent on parameters, such as the field's frequency, exposure time, and intrinsic properties of the irradiated tissue, such as the expression of VGCs. Here, we systematically clarify how neuronal ion channels are particularly affected and differentially modulated by EMFs at multiple levels, such as gating dynamics, ion conductance, concentration in the membrane, and gene and protein expression. Ion channels represent a major transducer for EMF-related effects on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertagna
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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21
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Ren H, Zhao X, Li W, Hussain J, Qi G, Liu S. Calcium Signaling in Plant Programmed Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051089. [PMID: 34063263 PMCID: PMC8147489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process intended for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by eliminating old, damaged, or unwanted cells. In plants, PCD takes place during developmental processes and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to the field of animal studies, PCD is not well understood in plants. Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal cell signaling entity and regulates numerous physiological activities across all the kingdoms of life. The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ is a prerequisite for the induction of PCD in plants. Although over the past years, we have witnessed significant progress in understanding the role of Ca2+ in the regulation of PCD, it is still unclear how the upstream stress perception leads to the Ca2+ elevation and how the signal is further propagated to result in the onset of PCD. In this review article, we discuss recent advancements in the field, and compare the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD in biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we discuss the upstream and downstream components of Ca2+ signaling and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in PCD. The review is expected to provide new insights into the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD and to identify gaps for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Guoning Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Q.); (S.L.)
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22
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Deprez J, Lajoinie G, Engelen Y, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I. Opening doors with ultrasound and microbubbles: Beating biological barriers to promote drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:9-36. [PMID: 33705877 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its clinical use in imaging, ultrasound has been thoroughly investigated as a tool to enhance drug delivery in a wide variety of applications. Therapeutic ultrasound, as such or combined with cavitating nuclei or microbubbles, has been explored to cross or permeabilize different biological barriers. This ability to access otherwise impermeable tissues in the body makes the combination of ultrasound and therapeutics very appealing to enhance drug delivery in situ. This review gives an overview of the most important biological barriers that can be tackled using ultrasound and aims to provide insight on how ultrasound has shown to improve accessibility as well as the biggest hurdles. In addition, we discuss the clinical applicability of therapeutic ultrasound with respect to the main challenges that must be addressed to enable the further progression of therapeutic ultrasound towards an effective, safe and easy-to-use treatment tailored for drug delivery in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deprez
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Y Engelen
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - S C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Ishii M, Beeson G, Beeson C, Rohrer B. Mitochondrial C3a Receptor Activation in Oxidatively Stressed Epithelial Cells Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628062. [PMID: 33746964 PMCID: PMC7973370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement component 3 fragment C3a is an anaphylatoxin involved in promoting cellular responses important in immune response and host defense. Its receptor (C3a receptor, C3aR) is distributed on the plasma membrane; however, lysosomal localization in immune cells has been reported. Oxidative stress increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS activate complement signaling in immune cells and metabolic reprogramming. Here we tested oxidative stress and intracellular complement in mitochondrial dysfunction in RPE cells using high resolution live-cell imaging, and metabolism analysis in isolated mitochondria using Seahorse technology. While C3aR levels were unaffected by oxidative stress, its cell membrane levels decreased and mitochondrial (mt) localization increased. Trafficking was dependent on endocytosis, utilizing endosomal-to-mitochondrial cargo transfer. H2O2-treatment also increased C3a-mtC3aR co-localization dose-dependently. In isolated mitochondria from H2O2-treated cells C3a increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, that could be inhibited by C3aR antagonism (SB290157), mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter blocker (Ru360), and Gαi-protein inhibition (pertussis toxin, PTX); and inhibited mitochondrial repiration in an SB290157- and PTX-dependent manner. Specifically, mtC3aR activation inhibited state III ADP-driven respiration and maximal respiratory capacity. Mitochondria from control cells did not respond to C3a. Furthermore, transmitochondrial cybrid ARPE-19 cells harboring J haplogroup mitochondria that confer risk for age-related macular degeneration, showed high levels of mtC3aR and reduced ATP production upon C3a stimulation. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress increases mtC3aR, leading to altered mitochondrial calcium uptake and ATP production. These studies will have important implication in our understanding on the balance of extra- and intracellular complement signaling in controlling cellular health and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ishii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gyda Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Craig Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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24
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The bile acid TUDCA and neurodegenerative disorders: An overview. Life Sci 2021; 272:119252. [PMID: 33636170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bear bile has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years due to its therapeutic potential and clinical applications. The tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), one of the acids found in bear bile, is a hydrophilic bile acid and naturally produced in the liver by conjugation of taurine to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Several studies have shown that TUDCA has neuroprotective action in several models of neurodegenerative disorders (ND), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, based on its potent ability to inhibit apoptosis, attenuate oxidative stress, and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in different experimental models of these illnesses. Our research extends the knowledge of the bile acid TUDCA actions in ND and the mechanisms and pathways involved in its cytoprotective effects on the brain, providing a novel perspective and opportunities for treatment of these diseases.
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Liang WZ. Mechanism of action of a diterpene alkaloid hypaconitine on cytotoxicity and inhibitory effect of BAPTA-AM in HCN-2 neuronal cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:801-810. [PMID: 33609056 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypaconitine, a neuromuscular blocker, is a diterpene alkaloid found in the root of Aconitum carmichaelii. Although hypaconitine was shown to affect various physiological responses in neurological models, the effect of hypaconitine on cell viability and the mechanism of its action of Ca2+ handling is elusive in cortical neurons. This study examined whether hypaconitine altered viability and Ca2+ signalling in HCN-2 neuronal cell lines. Cell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST-1). Cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+ ]i was measured by the Ca2+ -sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. In HCN-2 cells, hypaconitine (10-50 μmol/L) induced cytotoxicity and [Ca2+ ]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ partially reduced the hypaconitine's effect on [Ca2+ ]i rises. Furthermore, chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM reduced hypaconitine's cytotoxicity. In Ca2+ -containing medium, hypaconitine-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by modulators (2-APB and SKF96365) of store-operated Ca2+ channels and a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (GF109203X). Hypaconitine induced Mn2+ influx indirectly suggesting that hypaconitine evoked Ca2+ entry. In Ca2+ -free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished hypaconitine-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. Conversely, treatment with hypaconitine inhibited thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. However, inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 did not inhibit hypaconitine-induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. Together, hypaconitine caused cytotoxicity that was linked to preceding [Ca2+ ]i rises by Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry involved PKC regulation and evoking PLC-independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Because BAPTA-AM loading only partially reversed hypaconitine-induced cell death, it suggests that hypaconitine induced a second Ca2+ -independent cytotoxicity in HCN-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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26
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Mijares A, Allen PD, Lopez JR. Senescence Is Associated With Elevated Intracellular Resting [Ca 2 +] in Mice Skeletal Muscle Fibers. An in vivo Study. Front Physiol 2021; 11:601189. [PMID: 33510646 PMCID: PMC7837333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes skeletal muscles to become atrophied, weak, and easily fatigued. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that normal aging in skeletal muscle cells is associated with Ca2+ intracellular dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), resting intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured in vivo (superficial gastrocnemius fibers) using double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes, and in vitro [isolated single flexor digitorum brevis fibers] using fluorescent ROS sensor CM-H2DCFDA in young (3 months of age), middle-aged (12 months of age), and aged (24 months of age) mice. We found an age-related increase in [Ca2+]i from 121 ± 4 nM in young muscle cells which rose to 255 ± 36 nM in middle-aged and to 409 ± 25 nM in aged cells. [Na+]i also showed an age-dependent elevation, increasing from 8 ± 0.5 mM in young muscle fibers, to 12 ± 1 mM in middle-aged and to 17 ± 1 mM in old muscle fibers. Using the fluorescent ROS sensor CM-H2DCFDA we found that these increases in intracellular cation concentrations were associated with significantly increased basal ROS production as demonstrated by age related increases in the rate of dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence. To determine is this could be modified by reducing ROS and/or blocking sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx we administered flufenamic acid (FFA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is also a non-selective blocker of the transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPCs), for 4 weeks to determine if this would have a beneficial effect. FFA treatment reduced both basal ROS production and muscle [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i in middle-aged and aged muscle fibers compared to fibers and muscles of untreated 12 and 24-months old mice. [Ca2+]i was reduced to 134 ± 8 nM in middle-aged muscle and to 246 ± 40 nM in muscle from aged mice. Likewise [Na+]i was reduced to 9 ± 0.7 mM in middle-aged muscles and to 13 ± 1 mM in muscle from aged mice. FFA treatment also reduced age associated increases in plasma interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations which were elevated in 12 and 24-months old mice compared to young mice and decreased age-related muscle damage as indicated by a reduction in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity. Our data provides a direct demonstration that normal aging is associated with a significant elevation [Ca2+]i, [Na+]i, and intracellular ROS production in skeletal muscle fibers. Furthermore, the fact that FFA reduced the intracellular [Ca2+], [Na+], and ROS production as well as the elevated IL6, TNF-α, and CK levels, led us to suggest that its pharmacological effect may be related to its action both as a TRPC channel blocker and as an anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Paul D Allen
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, St James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United states
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Cheng CH, Ma HL, Deng YQ, Feng J, Jie YK, Guo ZX. Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) induced by cadmium exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128277. [PMID: 33297221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants in the aquatic environment. Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is considered a model organism to monitor the impact of heavy metals. However, knowledge about toxicological mechanism of cadmium in crustaceans still remains limited. In this study, mud crabs were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) for 72 h. Cadmium exposure significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity significantly increased after cadmium exposure. Moreover, integrated biological responses version 2 (IBRv2) analysis suggested that cadmium exposure exerted stronger toxicity on mud crab. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by cadmium exposure could decrease total hemocyte count (THC), interrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, and lead to cytological damage. Cadmium exposure induced DNA damage, which activated DNA damage response signaling ATR-CHK1-p53 pathway. Our results also showed that cadmium exposure significantly increased the apoptosis and caspase-3 mRNA levels, which implied that cadmium induced apoptosis through a caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Jie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China.
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28
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Nascimento AC, Erustes AG, Reckziegel P, Bincoletto C, Ureshino RP, Pereira GJS, Smaili SS. α-Synuclein Overexpression Induces Lysosomal Dysfunction and Autophagy Impairment in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2749-2761. [PMID: 32915398 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is multifactorial, it has been linked to abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in dopaminergic neurons, which could lead to dysfunctions on intracellular organelles, with potential neurodegeneration. Patients with familial early-onset PD frequently present mutation in the α-syn gene (SNCA), which encodes mutant α-syn forms, such as A30P and A53T, which potentially regulate Ca2+ unbalance. Here we investigated the effects of overexpression of wild-type α-syn (WT) and the mutant forms A30P and A53T, on modulation of lysosomal Ca2+ stores and further autophagy activation. We found that in α-syn-overexpressing cells, there was a decrease in Ca2+ released from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which is related to the increase in lysosomal Ca2+ release, coupled to lysosomal pH alkalization. Interestingly, α-syn-overexpressing cells showed lower LAMP1 levels, and a disruption of lysosomal morphology and distribution, affecting autophagy. Interestingly, all these effects were more evident with A53T mutant isoform when compared to A30P and WT α-syn types, indicating that the pathogenic phenotype for PD is potentially related to impairment of α-syn degradation. Taken together, these events directly impact PD-related dysfunctions, being considered possible molecular targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Adolfo G Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema Campus, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Professor Arthur Riedel Street, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
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29
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De Loof A, Schoofs L. Two Undervalued Functions of the Golgi Apparatus: Removal of Excess Ca 2+ and Biosynthesis of Farnesol-Like Sesquiterpenoids, Possibly as Ca 2+-Pump Agonists and Membrane "Fluidizers-Plasticizers". Front Physiol 2020; 11:542879. [PMID: 33178030 PMCID: PMC7593688 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.542879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive literature dealing with the Golgi system emphasizes its role in protein secretion and modification, usually without specifying from which evolutionary ancient cell physiological necessity such secretion originated. Neither does it specify which functional requirements the secreted proteins must meet. From a reinterpretation of some classical and recent data gained mainly, but not exclusively, from (insect) endocrinology, the view emerged that the likely primordial function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)–Golgi complex in all eukaryotes was not the secretion of any type of protein but the removal of toxic excess Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. Such activity requires the concurrent secretion of large amounts of Ca2+-carrying/transporting proteins acting as a micro-conveyor belt system inside the RER–Golgi. Thus, (fitness increasing) protein secretion is subordinate to Ca2+ removal. Milk with its high content of protein and Ca2+ (60–90 mM vs. 100 nM in unstimulated mammary gland cells) is an extreme example. The sarco(endo)plasmatic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) and SPCA1a Ca2+/Mn2+ transport ATPases are major players in Ca2+ removal through the Golgi. Both are blocked by the sesquiterpenoid thapsigargin. This strengthens the hypothesis (2014) that endogenous farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids (FLSs) may act as the long sought for but still unidentified agonist(s) for Ca2+-pumps in both the ER and Golgi. A second putative function also emerges. The fusion of both the incoming and outgoing transport vesicles, respectively, at the cis- and trans- side of Golgi stacks, with the membrane system requiring high flexibility and fast self-closing of the involved membranes. These properties may—possibly partially—be controlled by endogenous hydrophobic membrane “fluidizers” for which FLSs are prime candidates. A recent reexamination of unexplained classical data suggests that they are likely synthesized by the Golgi itself. This game-changing hypothesis is endorsed by several arguments and data, some of which date from 1964, that the insect corpus allatum (CA), which is the major production site of farnesol-esters, has active Golgi systems. Thus, in addition to secreting FLS, in particular juvenile hormone(s), it also secretes a protein(s) or peptide(s) with thus far unknown function. This paper suggests answers to various open questions in cell physiology and general endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold De Loof
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Beekers I, Mastik F, Beurskens R, Tang PY, Vegter M, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Verweij MD, Kooiman K. High-Resolution Imaging of Intracellular Calcium Fluctuations Caused by Oscillating Microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2017-2029. [PMID: 32402676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound insonification of microbubbles can locally enhance drug delivery, but the microbubble-cell interaction remains poorly understood. Because intracellular calcium (Cai2+) is a key cellular regulator, unraveling the Cai2+ fluctuations caused by an oscillating microbubble provides crucial insight into the underlying bio-effects. Therefore, we developed an optical imaging system at nanometer and nanosecond resolution that can resolve Cai2+ fluctuations and microbubble oscillations. Using this system, we clearly distinguished three Cai2+ uptake profiles upon sonoporation of endothelial cells, which strongly correlated with the microbubble oscillation amplitude, severity of sonoporation and opening of cell-cell contacts. We found a narrow operating range for viable drug delivery without lethal cell damage. Moreover, adjacent cells were affected by a calcium wave propagating at 15 μm/s. With the unique optical system, we unraveled the microbubble oscillation behavior required for drug delivery and Cai2+ fluctuations, providing new insight into the microbubble-cell interaction to aid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Beekers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frits Mastik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Beurskens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phoei Ying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Vegter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nico de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D Verweij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Klazina Kooiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Brzezinski K, MacMillan HA. Chilling induces unidirectional solute leak through the locust gut epithelia. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb215475. [PMID: 32532867 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.215475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Chill-susceptible insects, like the migratory locust, often die when exposed to low temperatures from an accumulation of tissue damage that is unrelated to freezing (chilling injury). Chilling injury is often associated with a loss of ion balance across the gut epithelia. It has recently been suggested that this imbalance is at least partly caused by a cold-induced disruption of epithelial barrier function. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis in the migratory locust (Locustamigratoria). First, chill tolerance was quantified by exposing locusts to -2°C and recording chill coma recovery time and survival 24 h post-cold exposure. Longer exposure times significantly increased recovery time and caused injury and death. Ion-selective microelectrodes were also used to test for a loss of ion balance in the cold. We found a significant increase of haemolymph K+ and decrease of haemolymph Na+ concentration over time. Next, barrier failure along the gut was tested by monitoring the movement of an epithelial barrier marker (FITC-dextran) across the gut epithelia during exposure to -2°C. We found a significant increase in haemolymph FITC-dextran concentration over time in the cold when assayed in the mucosal to serosal direction. However, when tested in the serosal to mucosal direction, we saw minimal marker movement across the gut epithelia. This suggests that while cold-induced barrier disruption is present, it is apparently unidirectional. It is important to note that these data reveal only the phenomenon itself. The location of this leak as well as the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylen Brzezinski
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
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Abstract
Alphaviruses, members of the enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Togaviridae family, represent a reemerging public health threat as mosquito vectors expand into new geographic territories. The Old World alphaviruses, which include chikungunya virus, Ross River virus, and Sindbis virus, tend to cause a clinical syndrome characterized by fever, rash, and arthritis, whereas the New World alphaviruses, which consist of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and western equine encephalitis virus, induce encephalomyelitis. Following recovery from the acute phase of infection, many patients are left with debilitating persistent joint and neurological complications that can last for years. Clues from human cases and studies using animal models strongly suggest that much of the disease and pathology induced by alphavirus infection, particularly atypical and chronic manifestations, is mediated by the immune system rather than directly by the virus. This review discusses the current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the arthritogenic and neurotropic alphaviruses accumulated through both natural infection of humans and experimental infection of animals, particularly mice. As treatment following alphavirus infection is currently limited to supportive care, understanding the contribution of the immune system to the disease process is critical to developing safe and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Baxter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Calcium Entry through TRPV1: A Potential Target for the Regulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cancerous and Healthy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4177. [PMID: 32545311 PMCID: PMC7312732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of cell fate and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Membrane ion channels are structures through which ions enter or exit the cell, depending on the driving forces. The opening of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ligand-gated ion channels facilitates transmembrane Ca2+ and Na+ entry, which modifies the delicate balance between apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways. Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. While proliferative mechanisms are typically upregulated in cancerous tissues, shifting the balance to favor apoptosis could support anti-cancer therapies. TRPV1, through [Ca2+]i signaling, influences cancer cell fate; therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. As such, this review characterizes and evaluates the role of TRPV1 in cell death and survival, in the interest of identifying mechanistic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
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de la Fuente B, López-García G, Máñez V, Alegría A, Barberá R, Cilla A. Antiproliferative Effect of Bioaccessible Fractions of Four Brassicaceae Microgreens on Human Colon Cancer Cells Linked to Their Phytochemical Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E368. [PMID: 32354116 PMCID: PMC7278869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiproliferative effect of the bioaccessible fractions (BFs) of four hydroponic Brassicaceae microgreens (broccoli, kale, mustard and radish) was evaluated on colon cancer Caco-2 cells vs. normal colon CCD18-Co cells after 24 h treatment with BFs diluted 1:10 v/v in cell culture medium. Their bioactivity was compared with the digestion blank, while the colon cancer chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control. Cell viability (mitochondrial enzyme activity assay (MTT test) and Trypan blue test) and mechanisms related to antiproliferative activity (cell cycle, apoptosis/necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ and glutathione (GSH) intracellular content) were studied. All microgreen BFs increased ROS and decreased GSH, altering the redox status and causing mitochondrial membrane dissipation followed by a general cell cycle arrest in G2/M and apoptotic cell death via a Ca2+-independent mechanism. As a result, the antioxidant bioactive compounds present in these microgreen species reduced the proliferation of tumoral cells (10 to 12.8% -MTT or 20 to 41.9% -Trypan blue), showing lesser effects with broccoli microgreens, in line with their lower ascorbic acid content and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the daily intake of microgreens within a balanced diet could be a preventive nutritional strategy to reduce the burden of chronic degenerative diseases such as colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de la Fuente
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel López-García
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Máñez
- CIAM (Centro de Innovación Agronómica_Grupo Alimentario Citrus), Av. dels Gremis, Parcela 28. Pol. Ind. Sector 13, Riba-roja de Túria, 46394 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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The Interplay of Dysregulated pH and Electrolyte Imbalance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040898. [PMID: 32272658 PMCID: PMC7226178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics driven by a combination of poor vascular perfusion, regional hypoxia, and increased the flux of carbons through fermentative glycolysis. This leads to extracellular acidosis and intracellular alkalinization. Dysregulated pH dynamics influence cancer cell biology, from cell transformation and tumorigenesis to proliferation, local growth, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, this dysregulated intracellular pH (pHi) drives a metabolic shift to increased aerobic glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, referred to as the Warburg effect, or Warburg metabolism, which is a selective feature of cancer. This metabolic reprogramming confers a thermodynamic advantage on cancer cells and tissues by protecting them against oxidative stress, enhancing their resistance to hypoxia, and allowing a rapid conversion of nutrients into biomass to enable cell proliferation. Indeed, most cancers have increased glucose uptake and lactic acid production. Furthermore, cancer cells have very dysregulated electrolyte balances, and in the interaction of the pH dynamics with electrolyte, dynamics is less well known. In this review, we highlight the interconnected roles of dysregulated pH dynamics and electrolytes imbalance in cancer initiation, progression, adaptation, and in determining the programming and reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism.
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Lopez JR, Uryash A, Faury G, Estève E, Adams JA. Contribution of TRPC Channels to Intracellular Ca 2 + Dyshomeostasis in Smooth Muscle From mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:126. [PMID: 32153426 PMCID: PMC7044154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an irreversible muscle disease characterized by a progressive loss of muscle function, decreased ambulation, and ultimately death as a result of cardiac or respiratory failure. DMD is caused by the lack of dystrophin, a protein that is important for membrane stability and signaling in excitable cells. Although vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dysfunction occurs in many pathological conditions, little is known about vascular smooth muscle function in DMD. We have previously shown that striated muscle cells, as well as neurons isolated from dystrophic (mdx) mice have higher intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Na+ ([Na+]i) concentrations and decreased cell viability in comparison with wild type (Wt). Experiments were carried out in isolated VSMCs from mdx (a murine model of DMD) and congenic C57BL/10SnJ Wt mice. We found elevated [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i in VSMCs from mdx mice compared to Wt. Exposure to 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a TRPC3 and TRPC6 channel activator, induced a greater elevation of [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i in mdx than Wt VSMCs. The OAG induced increases in [Ca2+]i could be abolished by either removal of extracellular Ca2+ or by SAR7334, a blocker of TRPC3 and TRPC 6 channels in both genotypes. Mdx and Wt VSMCs were susceptible to muscle cell stretch-induced elevations of [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i which was completely inhibited by GsMTx-4, a mechanosensitive ion channel inhibitor. Western blots showed a significant upregulation of TRPC1 -3, -6 proteins in mdx VSMCs compare to age-matched Wt. The lack of dystrophin in mdx VSMCs produced a profound alteration of [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i homeostasis that appears to be mediated by TRPC channels. Moreover, we have been able to demonstrate pharmacologically that the enhanced stretch-induced elevation of intracellular [Ca2+] and concomitant cell damage in mdx VSMCs also appears to be mediated through TRPC1, -3 and -6 channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gilles Faury
- HP2, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Estève
- HP2, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jose A Adams
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
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Wang C, Nie G, Yang F, Chen J, Zhuang Y, Dai X, Liao Z, Yang Z, Cao H, Xing C, Hu G, Zhang C. Molybdenum and cadmium co-induce oxidative stress and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121157. [PMID: 31518807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High doses of molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) cause adverse reactions on animals, but the joint toxic effects of Mo and Cd on duck renal tubular epithelial cells are not fully illustrated. To investigate the combined effects of Mo and Cd on oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis in primary duck renal tubular epithelial cells, the cells were either treated with (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (480, 960 μM Mo), 3CdSO4·8H2O (2.5, 5.0 μM Cd) or combination of Mo and Cd for 12 h, and then the joint cytotoxicity was evaluated. The results demonstrated that Mo or/and Cd exposure could induce release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species generation, acidification, increase levels of malondialdehyde and [Ca2+]i, decrease levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and mitochondrial membrane potential; upregulate mRNA levels of Caspase-3, Bak-1, Bax, and cytochrome C, inhibit Bcl-2 mRNA level, and induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the changes of these indicators in co-treated groups were more remarkable. The results indicated that exposure to Mo or/and Cd could induce oxidative stress and apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in duck renal tubular epithelial cells and the two metals may have a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330032, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhiyue Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Bye AP, Gibbins JM, Mahaut-Smith MP. Ca 2+ waves coordinate purinergic receptor-evoked integrin activation and polarization. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/615/eaav7354. [PMID: 31964805 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav7354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense extracellular nucleotides through the P2Y class of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which stimulate integrin activation through signaling events, including intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. We investigated the relationship between P2Y-stimulated repetitive Ca2+ waves and fibrinogen binding to the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa) through confocal fluorescence imaging of primary rat megakaryocytes. Costimulation of the receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12 generated a series of Ca2+ transients that each induced a rapid, discrete increase in fibrinogen binding. The peak and net increase of individual fibrinogen binding events correlated with the Ca2+ transient amplitude and frequency, respectively. Using BAPTA loading and selective receptor antagonists, we found that Ca2+ mobilization downstream of P2Y1 was essential for ADP-evoked fibrinogen binding, whereas P2Y12 and the kinase PI3K were also required for αIIbβ3 activation and enhanced the number of Ca2+ transients. ADP-evoked fibrinogen binding was initially uniform over the cell periphery but subsequently redistributed with a polarity that correlated with the direction of the Ca2+ waves. Polarization of αIIbβ3 may be mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, because surface-bound fibrinogen is highly immobile, and its motility was enhanced by cytoskeletal disruption. In conclusion, spatial and temporal patterns of Ca2+ increase enable fine control of αIIbβ3 activation after cellular stimulation. P2Y1-stimulated Ca2+ transients coupled to αIIbβ3 activation only in the context of P2Y12 coactivation, thereby providing an additional temporal mechanism of synergy between these Gq- and Gi-coupled GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Martyn P Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated in contributing to a variety of neurologic and somatic illnesses including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and depression. In this chapter, we focus on the role of neuroinflammation in mediating these three illnesses and portray interactions between the immune response and the central nervous system in the context of sex differences in disease progression. The majority of this chapter is supported by clinical findings; however, we occasionally utilize preclinical models where human studies are currently lacking. We begin by detailing the pathology of neuroinflammation, distinguishing between acute and chronic inflammation, and examining contributions from the innate and adaptive immune systems. Next, we summarize potential mechanisms of immune cell mediators including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-6 in AD, PD, and depression development. Given the strong sex bias seen in these illnesses, we additionally examine the role of sex hormones, e.g., estrogen and testosterone in mediating neuroinflammation at the cellular level. Systematically, we detail how sex hormones may contribute to distinct behavioral and clinical symptoms and prognosis between males and females with AD, PD, or depression. Finally, we highlight the possible role of exercise in alleviating neuroinflammation, as well as evidence that antiinflammatory drug therapies improve cognitive symptoms observed in brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mukhara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Unsong Oh
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Fraser MS, Dauphinee AN, Gunawardena AHLAN. Determining the effect of calcium on cell death rate and perforation formation during leaf development in the novel model system, the lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis). J Microsc 2019; 278:132-144. [PMID: 31875955 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the destruction of unwanted cells through an intracellularly mediated process. Perforation formation in the lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) provides an excellent model for studying developmentally regulated PCD. Ca2+ fluxes have previously been identified as important signals for PCD in plants and mammals. The fundamental goal of this project was to determine the influence of Ca2+ on the rate of cell death and perforation formation during leaf development in the lace plant. This was investigated using the application of various known calcium modulators including lanthanum III chloride (LaCl3 ), ruthenium red and calcium ionophore A23187. Detached lace plant leaves at an early stage of development were treated with these modulators in both short- and long-term exposure assays and analysed using live cell imaging. Results from this study indicate that calcium plays a vital role in developmentally regulated PCD in the lace plant as application of the modulators significantly altered the rate of cell death and perforation formation during leaf development. In conclusion, this study exemplifies the suitability of the lace plant for live cell imaging and detached leaf experiments to study cell death and provides insight into the importance of Ca2+ in developmentally regulated PCD in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian N Dauphinee
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Current address: Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Salubrinal attenuates nitric oxide mediated PERK:IRE1α: ATF-6 signaling and DNA damage in neuronal cells. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Franko J, Pomfy M, Prosbová T. Apoptosis and Cell Death (Mechanisms, Pharmacology and Promise for the Future). ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing body of evidence on cell death mechanisms and its disorders during last five years has replaced old paradigms and opened new horizons in medicine. Identification of different morphological and signaling aspects, as well as variances in requirement for energy enabled us to construct a theory of three main types of cell death: necrosis, apoptosis, and lysosomal cell death. Mitochondria, certain oncoproteins such as Bcl-2 family, and special catabolic enzymes participating in cellular demise might serve as targets for pharmacological manipulation. Upregulation or downregulation of programmed cell death has been implicated in ischemic, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders, as well as in oncology and chronic inflammation. This minireview brings a short overview of genesis and development of theories on programmed cell death and apoptosis, summarizes basic relevant facts on apoptotic mechanisms and draws a new hypothesis on possible implication in medicine and surgery.
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Zhou H, Zhang YQ, Lai T, Liu XJ, Guo FY, Guo T, Ding W. Acaricidal Mechanism of Scopoletin Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Front Physiol 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30894818 PMCID: PMC6414448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a promising acaricidal botanical natural compound against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and its acaricidal mechanism maybe involve calcium overload according to our previous study. To seek potential candidate target genes of calcium overload induced by scopoletin in T. cinnabarinus, RNA-seq was utilized to detect changes in transcription levels. 24 and 48 h after treatment, 70 and 102 differentially expressed genes were obtained, respectively. Target genes included 3 signal transduction genes, 4 cell apoptosis genes, 4 energy metabolism genes, and 2 transcription factor genes. The role of 3 calcium signaling pathway-related genes, namely, G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor, Bcl-2 protein and guanylate kinase (designated TcGPCR, TcBAG, and TcGUK, respectively) in the calcium overload were investigated in this study. RT-qPCR detection showed that scopoletin treatment upregulated the expression level of TcGPCR and downregulated the expression level of TcBAG and TcGUK. The result of RNAi indicated that downregulation of TcGPCR decreased susceptibility to scopoletin, and downregulation of TcBAG and TcGUK enhanced susceptibility to scopoletin. Functional expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that scopoletin induced a significant increase in intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i levels by activating TcGPCR. These results demonstrated that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin was via disrupting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and calcium signaling pathway mediated by GPCR, BAG, and GUK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Nani A, Belarbi M, Murtaza B, Benammar C, Merghoub T, Rialland M, Akhtar Khan N, Hichami A. Polyphenols from Pennisetum glaucum grains induce MAP kinase phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in human osteosarcoma cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Development of apoptosis-inducing polypeptide via simultaneous mitochondrial membrane disruption and Ca2+ delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 197:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cold exposure causes cell death by depolarization-mediated Ca 2+ overload in a chill-susceptible insect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9737-E9744. [PMID: 30254178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813532115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold tolerance of insects is arguably among the most important traits defining their geographical distribution. Even so, very little is known regarding the causes of cold injury in this species-rich group. In many insects it has been observed that cold injury coincides with a cellular depolarization caused by hypothermia and hyperkalemia that develop during chronic cold exposure. However, prior studies have been unable to determine if cold injury is caused by direct effects of hypothermia, by toxic effects of hyperkalemia, or by the depolarization that is associated with these perturbations. Here we use a fluorescent DNA-staining method to estimate cell viability of muscle and hindgut tissue from Locusta migratoria and show that the cellular injury is independent of the direct effects of hypothermia or toxic effects of hyperkalemia. Instead, we show that chill injury develops due to the associated cellular depolarization. We further hypothesized that the depolarization-induced injury was caused by opening of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, causing a Ca2+ overload that triggers apoptotic/necrotic pathways. In accordance with this hypothesis, we show that hyperkalemic depolarization causes a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. Furthermore, using pharmacological manipulation of intra- and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations as well as Ca2+ channel conductance, we demonstrate that injury is prevented if transmembrane Ca2+ flux is prevented by removing extracellular Ca2+ or blocking Ca2+ influx. Together these findings demonstrate a causal relationship between cold-induced hyperkalemia, depolarization, and the development of chill injury through Ca2+-mediated necrosis/apoptosis.
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Isx9 Regulates Calbindin D28K Expression in Pancreatic β Cells and Promotes β Cell Survival and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092542. [PMID: 30150605 PMCID: PMC6165483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death contribute to the onset of diabetes, and novel strategies of β-cell function and survival under diabetogenic conditions need to be explored. We previously demonstrated that Isx9, a small molecule based on the isoxazole scaffold, drives neuroendocrine phenotypes by increasing the expression of genes required for β-cell function and improves glycemia in a model of β cell regeneration. We further investigated the role of Isx9 in β-cell survival. We find that Isx9 drives the expression of Calbindin-D28K (D28K), a key regulator of calcium homeostasis, and plays a cytoprotective role through its calcium buffering capacity in β cells. Isx9 increased the activity of the calcineurin (CN)/cytoplasmic nuclear factor of the activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor, a key regulator of D28K, and improved the recruitment of NFATc1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and p300 to the D28K promoter. We found that nutrient stimulation increased D28K plasma membrane enrichment and modulated calcium channel activity in order to regulate glucose-induced insulin secretion. Isx9-mediated expression of D28K protected β cells against chronic stress induced by serum withdrawal or chronic inflammation by reducing caspase 3 activity. Consequently, Isx9 improved human islet function after transplantation in NOD-SCID mice in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. In summary, Isx9 significantly regulates expression of genes relevant to β cell survival and function, and may be an attractive therapy to treat diabetes and improve islet function post-transplantation.
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Dibenzoxanthenes induce apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells by modeling the PI3K/Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 187:76-88. [PMID: 30099272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of dibenzoxanthene derivatives 4a-4d (4a: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-methoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene, 4b: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-ethoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene, 4c: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-propoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene and 4d: 1-oxo-5-bromo-11-cyano-13c-butoxy-1,13c-dihydroxyl-dibenzo[a,kl]xanthene) were synthesized and the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer activities were investigated. These compounds showed excellent anti-tumor activity against A549, Eca-109, HeLa, HepG2 and SGC-7901 cell lines. Compounds 4a-4d could effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of HeLa cells in wound healing and transwell assays. Compounds induced the DNA damage and arrested in cell cycle distribution at G0/G1 phase. Apoptosis induced by compounds was detected using morphological observation of nuclear changes and FITC-Annexin V/PI staining. Additionally, compounds also induced the autophagy of HeLa cells through observing AO staining and upregulated the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 proteins. Furthermore, treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine induced an obvious decrease in apoptotic rate in HeLa cells. This indicated that autophagy further promoted the HeLa cells apoptosis. Compounds 4a-4d enhanced the intracellular Ca2+ and ROS. Then the mitochondrial membrane potential of HeLa cells was depolarized and the cytochrome C was released from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Activities of the apoptotic factors Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 were measured using western blotting. After HeLa cells were exposed to compounds, the expressions of PI3K and Akt protein were decreased. Compounds exhibit anti-cancer activity via apoptosis and autophagy through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HeLa cells.
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Banerjee M, Parai D, Dhar P, Roy M, Barik R, Chattopadhyay S, Mukherjee SK. Andrographolide induces oxidative stress-dependent cell death in unicellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Acta Trop 2017; 176:58-67. [PMID: 28739368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease in humans and livestock caused by Trypanosoma brucei throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Absence of appropriate vaccines and prevalence of drug resistance proclaim that a new way of therapeutic interventions is essential against African trypanosomiasis. In the present study, we have looked into the effect of andrographolide (andro), a diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paiculata on Trypanosoma brucei PRA 380. Although andro has been recognized as a promosing anti-cancer drug, its usefulness against Trypanosoma spp remained unexplored. Andro showed promising anti-trypanosomal activity with an IC50 value of 8.3μM assessed through SYBR Green cell viability assay and also showed no cytotoxicity towards normal murine macrophages. Cell cycle analysis revealed that andro could induce sub-G0/G1 phase arrest. Flow cytometric analysis also revealed that incubation with andro caused exposure of phosphatidyl serine to the outer leaflet of plasma membrane in T. brucei PCF. This event was preceded by andro-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δym) and elevation of cytosolic calcium. Andro also caused elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as lipid peroxidation level, and depletion in reduced thiol levels. Taken together, these data indicate that andro has promising antitrypanosomal activity mediated by promoting oxidative stress and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and thereby triggering an apoptosis-like programmed cell death. Therefore, this study merits further investigation to the therapeutic possibility of using andro for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, WB, India; TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, WB, India
| | - Pranab Dhar
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Manab Roy
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Rajib Barik
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
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Nègre-Salvayre A, Garoby-Salom S, Swiader A, Rouahi M, Pucelle M, Salvayre R. Proatherogenic effects of 4-hydroxynonenal. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:127-139. [PMID: 28040472 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal generated by peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. This reactive carbonyl compound exhibits a huge number of biological properties that result mainly from the formation of HNE-adducts on free amino groups and thiol groups in proteins. In the vascular system, HNE adduct accumulation progressively leads to cellular dysfunction and tissue damages that are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and related diseases. HNE contributes to the atherogenicity of oxidized LDL, by forming HNE-apoB adducts that deviate the LDL metabolism to the scavenger receptor pathway of macrophagic cells, and lead to the formation of foam cells. HNE activates transcription factors (Nrf2, NF-kappaB) that (dys)regulate various cellular responses ranging from hormetic and survival signaling at very low concentrations, to inflammatory and apoptotic effects at higher concentrations. Among a variety of cellular targets, HNE can modify signaling proteins involved in atherosclerotic plaque remodeling, particularly growth factor receptors (PDGFR, EGFR), cell cycle proteins, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum components or extracellular matrix proteins, which progressively alters smooth muscle cell proliferation, angiogenesis and induces apoptosis. HNE adducts accumulate in the lipidic necrotic core of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and may locally contribute to macrophage and smooth muscle cell apoptosis, which may induce plaque destabilization and rupture, thereby increasing the risk of athero-thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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