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Alcalde E, Rouquette A, Wiernik E, Rigal L. How do men and women differ in their depressive symptomatology? A gendered network analysis of depressive symptoms in a French population-based cohort. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:1-10. [PMID: 38395202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience of depressive manifestations and the presentation of symptoms in clinical settings may differ in men and women. Despite the extensive literature, it remains unclear how depressive manifestations interact at symptom levels in men and women. First, we aimed to describe and compare depressive networks by sex. Second, we examined symptom connections to Clinical depression and Functional Limitations as a proxy of self-recognition of a depressive episode. METHODS We estimated networks from the 20 CES-D items in men and women from a large population-based French cohort. We computed centrality measures and ran comparisons. Then, we re-estimated two networks in men and women separately, adding, on the one hand, Clinical Depression and, on the other hand, Limitations due to a depressive episode. RESULTS Over 200,000 participants were included in this study. Women were twice as likely to have a previous diagnosis of depression. Sex-ratio was less pronounced (1,7:1) for Limitations due to depression. Centrality measures revealed similar symptom patterns. However, network structures differed between men and women. We found some symptom connections to Clinical depression and Limitations to be non-invariant according to sex. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data does not capture the direction of the connections between symptoms and an eventual diagnosis. We lacked data about the diagnosis's context and could not account for other factors influencing depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Network structures differed, suggesting gender-specific mechanisms in activating symptoms and depressive states. Addressing central symptoms evoking depressed moods with tailored interventions may serve to tackle depressive states in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Alcalde
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, France; IRIS, INSERM U997, Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, France; Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Université Paris Cité, Paris Saclay University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, INSERM, UMS 011 Population-based Cohorts Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Rigal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, France; Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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2
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Aharon G, Aisenberg-Shafran D, Levi-Belz Y. Adherence to Masculinity Norms and Depression Symptoms Among Israeli Men: The Moderating Role of Psychological Flexibility. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241253820. [PMID: 38794957 PMCID: PMC11128175 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241253820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Being a man has been recognized as a salient risk factor for suicide. Adopting uncompromised masculine perceptions (i.e., conforming to the masculine gender role norms) may restrict emotional expressiveness in men, which, in turn, may contribute to depression and somatization symptoms. We examined the moderating role of psychological flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship of masculinity with depression and somatization symptoms. A sample of 119 men completed measures of masculinity, alexithymia (difficulty identifying and delivering subjective feelings), psychological flexibility, depression, and somatization symptoms in a cross-sectional design study. Psychological flexibility levels moderated the relationship between masculinity and depression symptoms: Masculinity contributed as positively associated with depression symptoms when psychological flexibility was low, but no such association was found at moderate or high levels of psychological flexibility. As a cognitive factor promoting adaptive emotional regulation, psychological flexibility might reduce depression symptoms among inflexible masculine men. Clinical implications relate to diagnosing at-risk subgroups and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Aharon
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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Meisenzahl E, Wege N, Stegmüller V, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E, Dannlowski U, Hahn T, Romer G, Romanos M, Deserno L, Klingele C, Theisen C, Kieckhäfer C, Forstner A, Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F. Clinical high risk state of major depressive episodes: Assessment of prodromal phase, its occurrence, duration and symptom patterns by the instrument the DEpression Early Prediction-INventory (DEEP-IN). J Affect Disord 2024; 351:403-413. [PMID: 38181843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To decrease the incidence of major depressive episodes, indicated prevention that targets clinical high-risk individuals with first detectable signs that forecast mental disorder is a highly relevant topic of preventive psychiatry. Still little is known about the prodrome of MDE. The aim of the current study was to identify the occurrence of a clinical high-risk state of depression, its duration and symptom constellation. METHODS Seventy-three patients with a diagnosed affective disorder in partial remission were assessed with our newly developed semi-structured extensive clinical instrument, the DEpression Early Prediction-INventory (DEEP-IN). Within DEEP-IN the course of prodromal symptoms was explored by using a life-chart method. RESULTS The significant majority of patients (93.2 %) reported a prodromal phase. The mean duration was 7.9 months (SD = 12.5). Within the group with an identified prodromal phase, psychopathological (95.6 %) as well as somatic symptoms (88.2 %) were reported. Somatic symptoms showed a moderate-to-strong effect of sex with higher prevalence in females than in males (97.6 % vs 73.1 %; V = 0.370). LIMITATIONS This feasibility study had only a small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with affective disorders reported a clinical prodromal phase with both psychopathological and somatic symptoms that developed months before the onset of the depressive episode. The development of structured instruments for the assessment of depressive risk states is a promising approach for indicated prevention of depression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, LVR Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Natalia Wege
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, LVR Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronika Stegmüller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, LVR Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- Department of Child Adolescence Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Centre of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Centre of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cosima Klingele
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Theisen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, LVR Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Kieckhäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, LVR Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, LVR Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Alcalde E, Rouquette A, Wiernik E, Rigal L. Depressive symptomatology from a network perspective: Differences in the experience of symptoms involved in the self-recognition of depression and the diagnosis process by social position. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024:207640241237714. [PMID: 38488236 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241237714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While social disparities in depression are well-documented, the symptom experience across social positions remains less studied. AIMS This study examines the connections between depressive symptoms and self-recognizing a depressive episode, on the one hand, and clinical diagnosis, on the other hand, by three social position indicators. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from a population-based cohort of adults living in France, grouping participants by three indicators: education, financial difficulties, and occupation, and stratifying by sex. Utilizing a psychometric network approach, we estimated 24 networks. Nodes corresponded to the 20 CES-D items and 1 external variable, either 'Limitations due to depression' or 'Clinical depression'. Comparisons between socially disadvantaged and advantaged groups across the three social indicators were made in terms of network structures, global strength, and edge weights involving symptoms and both external nodes. RESULTS The study included data from 201,952 participants. Individuals in lower social positions exhibited higher rates of depressive-related variables. Four depressive symptoms emerged as crucial, being linked both to 'Clinical depression' and 'Limitations' across all social positions. Socially disadvantaged groups had denser networks. Some of the tests comparing network structures according to social position were significant, suggesting differences in the symptom activation chains. Connections between each external node and 'Felt depressed' and 'Could not get going' were non-invariant in educational and financial-based networks. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight four depressive symptoms, likely to play a key role in the experience of depression across all social positions. Other insights from specific symptoms could be used for improving depression care among disadvantaged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Alcalde
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, Villejuif, France
- IRIS, INSERM U997, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, Villejuif, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Saclay University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, INSERM, UMS011 Population-Based Cohorts Unit, France
| | - Laurent Rigal
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, Villejuif, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Lutzman M, Sommerfeld E. Mental pain as a mediator in the association between avoidant attachment and suicidal ideation among older men. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38456825 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2323957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, our aim was to deepen the understanding of suicidality in older men by adopting a biopsychosocial approach. The study focused on older men as they face an elevated risk of suicide, surpassing not only other age groups but also exhibiting higher rates compared to women. We examined the contribution of mental pain as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation among older men, taking into consideration the severity of their physical illnesses. METHODS Participants were 200 men in Israel, aged ≥65 years, living in the community and without cognitive impairment. Data collection was based on self-report measures of suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, BSSI), attachment (Experience in Close Relationships, ECR-R), mental pain (Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale, OMMP), and the severity of physical illnesses (Cumulative Illnesses Rating Scale, CIRS). RESULTS Mental pain was found to mediate the association between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation, but only among participants with higher levels of physical illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Mental pain should be considered as a complication of an avoidant coping strategy, which increases the risk of suicide among older men, especially those suffering from significant physical illnesses. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Lutzman
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Roche E, Richardson N, Sweeney J, O’Donnell S. Workplace Interventions Targeting Mental Health Literacy, Stigma, Help-Seeking, and Help-Offering in Male-Dominated Industries: A Systematic Review. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241236223. [PMID: 38581228 PMCID: PMC10998494 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241236223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental ill-health and suicide represent a significant proportion of the burden of global disease among men. Connell's relational theory of masculinities provides a useful framework to explore how mental health literacy, mental health stigma, and delayed help-seeking and help-offering behaviors are associated with mental ill-health among men, particularly within male-dominated industries. To address the high incidences of mental ill-health in male-dominated industries, several workplace interventions targeting these outcomes have been implemented. No review to date has examined the current state of evidence for these interventions or identified the behavior change techniques used. This review was restricted to empirical, quantitative research reporting on psychosocial interventions targeting mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking and help-offering behaviors in male-dominated industries. Quality appraisal was completed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Twelve articles were included for review which reported on four distinct interventions. The methodological quality of two articles was strong, three moderate and seven weak. The strongest evidence of intervention effects related to mental health literacy and help-seeking intentions. There was less evidence relating to help-offering and help-seeking behaviors and mental health stigma. Sixteen behavior change techniques were identified across interventions that are discussed in relation to the wider men's health literature. The evidence on psychosocial interventions in male-dominated industries is limited due to methodological and conceptual issues. Recommendations for future research include standardized reporting of intervention descriptions, the use of theory to guide intervention development, and utilizing validated and reliable outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Roche
- The National Centre for Men’s Health, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- The National Centre for Men’s Health, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Jack Sweeney
- The National Centre for Men’s Health, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Shane O’Donnell
- The National Centre for Men’s Health, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
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Godbout-Parent M, Julien N, Nguena Nguefack HL, Pagé MG, Guénette L, Blais L, Beaudoin S, Bertrand C, Lacasse A. Changing society, changing research: integrating gender to better understand physical and psychological treatments use in chronic pain management. Pain 2024; 165:674-684. [PMID: 37820267 PMCID: PMC10859849 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Treatment of chronic pain should be multimodal and include pharmacological, physical, and psychological treatments. However, because various barriers to physical and psychological treatments (PPTs) exist, a better understanding of biopsychosocial factors leading to their use is relevant. This study aimed to explore the association between gender identity, gender-stereotyped personality traits, and the use of PPTs in chronic pain management. The ChrOnic Pain trEatment cohort, a self-reported data infrastructure resulting from a web-based recruitment of 1935 people living with chronic pain (Quebec, Canada) was analyzed. Gender identity was operationalized as women, men, and nonbinary. Gender-stereotyped personality traits were measured using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (feminine, masculine, androgynous, undifferentiated). A checklist of 31 types of PPTs that can be used for chronic pain management was presented to participants (yes/no). From the 1433 participants, 85.5% reported using at least one PPT. Hot-cold therapies (43.4%), exercise (41.9%), and meditation (35.2%) were the most frequently used PPTs, but most popular PPTs were not the same among women and men. Women reported a significantly higher use of PPTs in general (87.2% vs 77.2%; P < 0.001). Multivariable and interaction analyses showed that identifying as a man decreased the odds of reporting the use of PPTs (odds ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.92) but only among participants who scored high on both masculine and feminine personality traits (those classified as androgynous). The high prevalence of PPTs use found in our study is positive. Our results are relevant for a more personalized promotion of PPTs for chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimée Godbout-Parent
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Julien
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Hermine Lore Nguena Nguefack
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - M. Gabrielle Pagé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département d'anesthésiologie et de médecine de la douleur, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Line Guénette
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Blais
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Beaudoin
- Person With Lived Experience, Chronic Pain Epidemiology Laboratory, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bertrand
- Person With Lived Experience, Chronic Pain Epidemiology Laboratory, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Anaïs Lacasse
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
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von Zimmermann C, Hübner M, Mühle C, Müller CP, Weinland C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Masculine depression and its problem behaviors: use alcohol and drugs, work hard, and avoid psychiatry! Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:321-333. [PMID: 36855002 PMCID: PMC10914846 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The gender role influences vulnerability to mental illness. Substance use, even critical in scale, is perceived as masculine, just like hard (over-)work, while not seeking help. With the ongoing separation between gender and sex, masculine norms become more relevant also to females' mental health. The male depression concept highlights the role of male symptoms in affective disorders. However, the empirical evidence is still limited. Here, we use the denomination 'masculine depression' to open the category for female patients and tested substance use patterns, health services' utilization, and working hours as predictors in a case-control study of 163 depressed in-patients (44% women; masculine vs. non-masculine depression according to a median split of the Male Depression Rating Scale-22) and 176 controls (51% women). We assessed higher depression severity in patients with masculine (vs. non-masculine) depression. Masculine depression (vs. non-masculine depression and vs. no depression) was predicted by more frequent and critical use of alcohol (including binge drinking), tobacco, and illicit drugs, and by longer working times. Moreover, fewer health services contacts due to mental complaints during the previous year were associated with masculine (vs. non-masculine) depression. Alarmingly, even critical substance misuse was not significantly associated with more frequent health services contacts; however, the higher the depression severity, the more contacts the patients reported. Here, we provide evidence that patients with masculine depression are highly burdened and undertreated, which applies equally to female and male patients. This study identified promising targets to establish specialized care offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Hübner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Van Laar C, Van Rossum A, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Bongiorno R, Block K. MANdatory - why men need (and are needed for) gender equality progress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1263313. [PMID: 38495418 PMCID: PMC10940445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1263313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While much progress has been made towards gender equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace, education and society, recent years have also revealed continuing challenges that slow or halt this progress. To date, the majority of gender equality action has tended to approach gender equality from one side: being focused on the need to remove barriers for girls and women. We argue that this is only half the battle, and that a focus on men is MANdatory, highlighting three key areas: First, we review men's privileged status as being potentially threatened by progress in gender equality, and the effects of these threats for how men engage in gender-equality progress. Second, we highlight how men themselves are victims of restrictive gender roles, and the consequences of this for men's physical and mental health, and for their engagement at work and at home. Third, we review the role of men as allies in the fight for gender equality, and on the factors that impede and may aid in increasing men's involvement. We end with recommendations for work organizations, educational institutions and society at large to reach and involve men as positive agents of social change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aster Van Rossum
- Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Renata Bongiorno
- School of Social Sciences, Bath Spa University, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Block
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lafta MS, Mwinyi J, Affatato O, Rukh G, Dang J, Andersson G, Schiöth HB. Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1340108. [PMID: 38449735 PMCID: PMC10915038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased knowledge about sex differences is important for development of individualized treatments against many diseases as well as understanding behavioral and pathological differences. This review summarizes sex chromosome effects on gene expression, epigenetics, and hormones in relation to the brain. We explore neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and brain pathology aiming to explain the current state of the art. While some domains exhibit strong differences, others reveal subtle differences whose overall significance warrants clarification. We hope that the current review increases awareness and serves as a basis for the planning of future studies that consider both sexes equally regarding similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz S. Lafta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Women’s Mental Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oreste Affatato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Women’s Mental Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Junhua Dang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nuwayhid R, Warg ML, Heister S, Langer S, Schulz T. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (LYMQOL) in German-Speaking Patients with Lymphedema of the Lower Limbs. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:409. [PMID: 38338294 PMCID: PMC10855540 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The LYMQOL Leg questionnaire is the most widely used, evidence-based tool for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with lower limb lymphedema (LLL). It has been translated into several languages, but a German version is currently lacking. The aim of our study was to validate a German translation of LYMQOL Leg. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed in accordance with ISPOR principles. A total of 103 patients with LLL from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were interviewed twice. The content and face validity assessments indicated that the German LYMQOL Leg questionnaire was acceptable for interviewing patients with lymphedema. Comparing the LYMQOL Leg with the SF-36 demonstrated good construct validity. Reliability determined by the test-retest procedure was good (intra-class-correlation coefficients 0.68-0.92). Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.76 to 0.90 in both interviews, showing an acceptable internal consistency. The four domains of the questionnaire reached a cumulative variance of 52.7% in the factor analysis. The association between the lymphedema stages and the LYMQOL Leg domain scores was not significant. In conclusion, the validity of the German version of LYMQOL Leg, called LYMQOL Bein, was confirmed and thus represents a suitable tool for measuring HRQoL in German-speaking patients with LLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Nuwayhid
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (S.H.); (T.S.)
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12
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Pulle J, Loue S, Kiwanuka GN, Francis B. Trust in Medical Research: A Comparative Study among Patients at a Regional Referral Hospital and Community Members in Lira District, Northern Uganda. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2024; 19:48-57. [PMID: 38216325 PMCID: PMC10957324 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231224374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Events such as the Tuskegee syphilis study shaped how the public perceives and trusts medical research globally. However, few studies have examined trust in medical research in developing countries. We tested the hypothesis that levels of trust may be lower among community members compared to hospitalized persons in Uganda. We enrolled 296 participants in rural northern Uganda, and 148(50%) were from the community, 192(65%) were female. Mean level of trust for medical research was higher among hospitalized persons compared to community members (p = 0.0001). Previous research participation (p = 0.03), and willingness to participate in future research (p = 0.001) were positively associated with trust. Medical personnel should engage more with the communities in which they practice fostering trust in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafesi Pulle
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sana Loue
- Department of Bioethics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Gertrude N. Kiwanuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Bajunirwe Francis
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Stańczykiewicz B, Bogudzińska B, Kowalski K, Misiak B. The association between depression and the cortisol awakening response is moderated by loneliness in men from a non-clinical sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 160:106924. [PMID: 38086318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating cortisol levels in people with depression or depressive symptoms have provided mixed findings. It has been suggested that the difficulty to generalize findings across studies in this field might be related to interindividual variability in experiencing depressive symptoms in terms of clinical and social contexts. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to test the association of morning cortisol levels and depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample of young men taking into consideration the level of perceived loneliness. We hypothesized that the level of loneliness might moderate the association between morning cortisol levels and depressive symptoms. A total of 102 participants (aged 29.9 ± 5.0 years) completed questionnaires measuring the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and loneliness. Cortisol levels were determined in four morning samples of saliva. There were significant positive correlations of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the mean increase in cortisol levels during the measurement period (MnInc) with the levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness. Moreover, a significant association of the depressive symptoms by loneliness interaction with the CAR and the MnInc was found. Specifically, the correlation of depressive symptoms with the CAR and the MnInc appeared to be significant and negative at high levels of loneliness. No significant association between depressive symptoms and the CAR was observed in men with low levels of loneliness. There were no significant associations of depressive symptoms, loneliness and the depressive symptoms by loneliness interaction with cortisol levels at awakening. In conclusion, findings from the present study indicate the importance of social contexts in understanding the association between altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depressive symptoms in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Bogna Bogudzińska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Blom S, Lindh F, Lundin A, Burström B, Hensing G, Löve J. How gender and low mental health literacy are related to unmet need for mental healthcare: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:12. [PMID: 38273389 PMCID: PMC10809616 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men are more likely to have unmet need for mental healthcare than women. However, an under-investigated aspect of the gender difference is the role of mental health literacy. This study investigated how combinations of gender and mental health literacy were related to two indicators of unmet need: not perceiving a need for mental healthcare despite poor mental health, and refraining from seeking mental healthcare. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (≥18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Men with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group). CONCLUSION The results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blom
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Frida Lindh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundin
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Montiel C, Bedrossian N, Myre A, Kramer A, Piché A, Mcdonough MH, Sabiston CM, Petrella A, Gauvin L, Doré I. "In My Mind, It Was Just Temporary": A Qualitative Study of the Impacts of Cancer on Men and Their Strategies to Cope. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883231215153. [PMID: 38179864 PMCID: PMC10771074 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231215153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals who are diagnosed and treated for cancer use a variety of strategies to manage its impacts. However, there is currently a lack of research on men's experience with managing cancer impacts, which is necessary to better support them throughout the cancer care continuum. This study explored the experience of men diagnosed with cancer, focusing on the impacts of the illness and its treatment and men's strategies to cope. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Thirty-one men (Mage = 52.7 [26-82] years) diagnosed with various cancer types were recruited to take part in individual telephone interviews (n = 14) or online focus groups (n = 17) addressing the impacts of cancer and strategies they used to cope with these impacts. Directed content analysis was performed, using Fitch's (2008) supportive care framework to guide the analysis. Cancer impacts and strategies used to cope were classified into six categories: physical, psychological, interpersonal, informational, practical, and spiritual. Results indicate that the cancer experience is diverse and multifaceted rather than homogeneous. Medical and supportive care services could be more effectively personalized to meet the diversity of men's needs by adopting a comprehensive and holistic approach to supportive care. Working in partnership with patients, it appears promising to recognize and identify men's needs and match them to appropriate resources to provide truly supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Bedrossian
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Myre
- Peer Researcher, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Alexia Piché
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Anika Petrella
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lise Gauvin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Hensing G, Blom S, Björkman I, Bertilsson M, Martinsson J, Wängnerud L, Löve J. Differences in how women and men in a Swedish population-based sample think about sick leave: A cross-sectional vignette study. Work 2024; 77:827-838. [PMID: 37781846 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender differences in attitudes towards depression gives reason to believe that sociocultural gender norms play a role in other areas. OBJECTIVE The aim was to test (i) if the likelihood to think that sick leave with depression symptoms is not reasonable varies between women and men, and (ii) if the likelihood to think sick leave is not reasonable varies depending on the gender of the individual with depression symptoms. METHODS A study population of 3147 participants responded to a web-survey with a written case briefly describing a man or woman with symptoms of depression. Respondents were asked if they thought it is reasonable that the person was sick listed for two weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. RESULTS After controlling for age, education, self-rated health, and respondent's own experience of sickness absence the adjusted OR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.67) for men being less likely to think sick-leave was reasonable. Gender difference decreased when adjusting for negative attitudes towards depression (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44). No difference was found between how women and men thought about sick leave in relation to the gender of the case described in the vignette. CONCLUSION Men were more likely to think that sick leave was not reasonable with decreased OR after adjustment for negative attitudes towards depression. Gender norms might be part of the explanation for differences but are challenging to test. This study contributes to a bourgeoning research field on gendered attitudes and sick leave, in terms of theoretical reasoning and methodological choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Blom
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida Björkman
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica Bertilsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Martinsson
- Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Wängnerud
- Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Scotti Requena S, Pirkis J, Currier D, Nicholas A, Arantes AA, Armfield NR. The Origins and Evolution of the Field of Masculinity and Suicide: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis of the Research Field. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:20-34. [PMID: 36472462 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most countries, men complete suicide at twice the rate of women; masculinity plays an important role in placing men at a greater risk of suicide. This study identifies and describes trends in the topics discussed within the masculinity and suicide literature and explores changes over time. METHODS We retrieved publications relating to masculinity and suicide from eight electronic databases and described origins in the field of research by reference to the first decade of publications. We then explored the subsequent evolution of the field by analysis of the content of article titles/abstracts for all years since the topic first emerged, and then separately by three epochs. RESULTS We included 452 publications (1954-2021); research output has grown substantially in the last five years. Early publications framed suicide in the context of severe mental illness, masculinity as a risk factor, and suicidality as being aggressive and masculine. We observed some differences in themes over time: Epoch 1 focused on sex differences in suicidality, a common theme in epochs 2 was relationship to work and its effect on men's mental health and suicidality, and epoch 3 had a focus on help-seeking in suicidality. CONCLUSION The research field of masculinity and suicide is growing strongly, as evidenced by recent increase in publication volume. The structure, content and direction of the masculinity and suicide research are still evolving. Researchers must work with policymakers and practitioners to ensure that emerging findings are translated for use in programs designed to address suicide in boys and men.HIGHLIGHTSMasculinity and suicide as a field is not new, with its origins in the literature dating back to 1954.More than half of the total research output in the field (1954-2021) has been published in the last five years.Early work focused on individual-level risk factors to male suicide (e.g., severe mental illness), while contemporary research focused on social and cultural determinants of male suicide (e.g., help-seeking).
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Ki Y, McAleavey AA, Moger TA, Moltu C. Cost structure in specialist mental healthcare: what are the main drivers of the most expensive episodes? Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:37. [PMID: 37946305 PMCID: PMC10633930 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are one of the costliest conditions to treat in Norway, and research into the costs of specialist mental healthcare are needed. The purpose of this article is to present a cost structure and to investigate the variables that have the greatest impact on high-cost episodes. METHODS Patient-level cost data and clinic information during 2018-2021 were analyzed (N = 180,220). Cost structure was examined using two accounting approaches. A generalized linear model was used to explain major cost drivers of the 1%, 5%, and 10% most expensive episodes, adjusting for patients' demographic characteristics [gender, age], clinical factors [length of stay (LOS), admission type, care type, diagnosis], and administrative information [number of planned consultations, first hospital visits, interval between two hospital episode]. RESULTS One percent of episodes utilized 57% of total resources. Labor costs accounted for 87% of total costs. The more expensive an episode was, the greater the ratio of the inpatient (ward) cost was. Among the top-10%, 5%, and 1% most expensive groups, ward costs accounted for, respectively, 89%, 93%, and 99% of the total cost, whereas the overall average was 67%. Longer LOS, ambulatory services, surgical interventions, organic disorders, and schizophrenia were identified as the major cost drivers of the total cost, in general. In particular, LOS, ambulatory services, and schizophrenia were the factors that increased costs in expensive subgroups. The "first hospital visit" and "a very short hospital re-visit" were associated with a cost increase, whereas "the number of planned consultations" was associated with a cost decrease. CONCLUSIONS The specialist mental healthcare division has a unique cost structure. Given that resources are utilized intensively at the early stage of care, improving the initial flow of hospital care can contribute to efficient resource utilization. Our study found empirical evidence that planned outpatient consultations may be associated with a reduced health care burden in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeujin Ki
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Førde, Førde, Norway.
| | - Andrew Athan McAleavey
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Førde, Førde, Norway
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tron Anders Moger
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Moltu
- Department of Psychiatry, Helse Førde, Førde, Norway
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
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Takashi N, Musumari PM, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M, Nakayama T. Unmet needs in long-term outpatient rehabilitative care: a qualitative and multi-perspective study in Japan. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3668-3676. [PMID: 36254819 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2133177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the experiences and unmet needs related to post-discharge long-term rehabilitation from triadic perspective of male patients with stroke, caregivers, and rehabilitation professionals. METHODS This is an exploratory qualitative study using in-depth interviews conducted in two outpatient rehabilitation facilities in Japan. Nine male patients with stroke, ten caregivers, and five rehabilitation professionals participated in this study. The data were coded, followed by thematic analysis. RESULTS Patients who did not achieve further physical recovery regardless of their efforts experienced a loss of motivation and lost sight of their goals. Moreover, caregivers regarded such patients as lazy and reported feeling frustrated with them. Furthermore, patients and caregivers had unmet needs regarding communication with professionals and psychological and emotional care. In contrast, professionals perceived time constraints on outpatient rehabilitation service provision and sometimes narrowed the scope of the care approach to physical function aspects for providing services efficiently. They also expressed difficulties in identifying patients' needs, values, and meaningful goals. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in Japanese post-stroke outpatient rehabilitation, there is a need to adopt a comprehensive care approach, enhance the quality of communication, and involve caregivers in the rehabilitation process in limited-resource situations.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIn long-term outpatient rehabilitation services in the community, stroke patients and their caregivers often face a physical recovery plateau.A comprehensive approach such as enhancing the quality of communication and providing psychological and emotional care -other than physical rehabilitation- is needed, particularly once the patient physical recovery stagnates.Involving caregivers in the rehabilitation process may be helpful for rehabilitation professionals to understand a potential problem that the patient cannot express but the caregiver can.It can be crucial to develop strategies that enable the rehabilitation professionals to provide a comprehensive care approach and prevent too much reliance on physical rehabilitation under the time-constraint situation in outpatient rehabilitation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Patou Masika Musumari
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teeranee Techasrivichien
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Pilar Suguimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Ono-Kihara
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kihara
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Socio-Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Cheng X, Zhou Z, Wang J, Yu H, Yao G, Lu Z, Chen X, Yan S, Zhao F. Suicide rates among patients with first and second primary cancer. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e57. [PMID: 37711033 PMCID: PMC10539740 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS With advancements in cancer treatments, the survival rates of patients with their first primary cancer (FPC) have increased, resulting in a rise in the number of patients with second primary cancer (SPC). However, there has been no assessment on the incidence of suicide among patients with SPC. This study assessed the occurrence of suicide among patients with SPC and compared them with that in patients with FPC. METHODS This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study that followed patients with FPC and SPC diagnosed from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registries database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019. RESULTS For patients with SPC, an age of 85+ years at diagnosis was associated with a higher incidence of suicide death (HR, 1.727; 95% CI, 1.075-2.774), while the suicide death was not considerably different in the chemotherapy group (P > 0.05). Female genital system cancers (HR, 3.042; 95% CI, 1.819-6.361) accounted for the highest suicide death among patients with SPC. The suicide death distribution of patients with SPC over time indicated that suicide events mainly occurred within 5 to 15 years of diagnosis. Compared with patients with FPC, patients with SPC in general had a lower risk of suicide, but increased year by year. CONCLUSION The risk of suicide was reduced in patients with SPC compared with patients with FPC, but increased year by year. Therefore, oncologists and related health professionals need to provide continuous psychological support to reduce the incidence of suicide. The highest suicide death was found among patients with female genital system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Haogang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjie Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Samson I, Nyberg J, Lindström E, Schalling E. "I Just Want People to Think I'm Normal": An Interview Study of Young Swedish Women With Covert Stuttering. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:2192-2210. [PMID: 37595785 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-22-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research indicates that there is a tendency for females who stutter, more often than males, to use coping strategies that involve covering their stutter, for example, by avoiding situations that require verbal participation. The aim of the study is to increase knowledge about how covert stuttering develops and its impact on self-image and quality of life for women who stutter. METHOD Eleven young women who stutter covertly were interviewed, and data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Background information was obtained from the self-report instruments measuring the impact of stuttering on different aspects of life (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experiences of Stuttering) and degree of perceived social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Self-Report). RESULTS Three main themes were identified: (a) managing stuttering, (b) personal aspects, and (c) stuttering as a phenomenon. Shame and a desire to fit in emerged as distinct motives for covering stuttering. The women described that stuttering controlled both life choices and everyday life. Development of self-image had been strongly negatively affected, resulting in social anxiety. The women expressed a particular vulnerability of being a woman who stutters, due to societal norms of female behavior and a lack of female role models who stutter. CONCLUSIONS The choice of coping strategy was motivated by a desire to "be normal." As a result, stuttering had come to dominate life and affect self-image and life choices. The study highlights the importance for clinicians to be alert to and aware of the fact that the experiences of women who stutter can lead them to develop coping strategies that have far-reaching negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Samson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jill Nyberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Lindström
- Logopedics, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turkku, Finland
| | - Ellika Schalling
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Speech-Language Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Scotti Requena S, Pirkis J, Currier D, Conway M, Lee S, Turnure J, Cummins J, Nicholas A. An Evaluation of the Boys Do Cry Suicide Prevention Media Campaign on Twitter: Mixed Methods Approach. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e49325. [PMID: 37676723 PMCID: PMC10514762 DOI: 10.2196/49325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most countries, men are more likely to die by suicide than women. Adherence to dominant masculine norms, such as being self-reliant, is linked to suicide in men in Western cultures. We created a suicide prevention media campaign, "Boys Do Cry," designed to challenge the "self-reliance" norm and encourage help-seeking in men. A music video was at the core of the campaign, which was an adapted version of the "Boys Don't Cry" song from "The Cure." There is evidence that suicide prevention media campaigns can encourage help-seeking for mental health difficulties. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the reach, engagement, and themes of discussion prompted by the Boys Do Cry campaign on Twitter. METHODS We used Twitter analytics data to investigate the reach and engagement of the Boys Do Cry campaign, including analyzing the characteristics of tweets posted by the campaign's hosts. Throughout the campaign and immediately after, we also used Twitter data derived from the Twitter Application Programming Interface to analyze the tweeting patterns of users related to the campaign. In addition, we qualitatively analyzed the content of Boys Do Cry-related tweets during the campaign period. RESULTS During the campaign, Twitter users saw the tweets posted by the hosts of the campaign a total of 140,650 times and engaged with its content a total of 4477 times. The 10 highest-performing tweets by the campaign hosts involved either a video or an image. Among the 10 highest-performing tweets, the first was one that included the campaign's core video; the second was a screenshot of the tweet posted by Robert Smith, the lead singer of The Cure, sharing the Boys Do Cry campaign's video and tagging the campaign's hosts. In addition, the pattern of Twitter activity for the campaign-related tweets was considerably higher during the campaign than in the immediate postcampaign period, with half of the activity occurring during the first week of the campaign when Robert Smith promoted the campaign. Some of the key topics of discussions prompted by the Boys Do Cry campaign on Twitter involved users supporting the campaign; referencing the original song, band, or lead singer; reiterating the campaign's messages; and having emotional responses to the campaign. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a brief media campaign such as Boys Do Cry can achieve good reach and engagement and can prompt discussions on Twitter about masculinity and suicide. Such discussions may lead to greater awareness about the importance of seeking help and providing support to those with mental health difficulties. However, this study suggests that longer, more intensive campaigns may be needed in order to amplify and sustain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scotti Requena
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mike Conway
- Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Angela Nicholas
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Rens E, Portzky G, Morrens M, Dom G, Van den Broeck K, Gijzen M. An exploration of suicidal ideation and attempts, and care use and unmet need among suicide-ideators in a Belgian population study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1741. [PMID: 37679752 PMCID: PMC10483782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation, or thinking about death and suicide, is common across all layers of society. The aim of this paper is to add to the understanding of suicidal ideation in the general population, as well as help-seeking behaviors and perceived unmet mental health needs among those who report suicidal thoughts. METHODS The research is part of a representative population-based survey study of mental wellbeing in Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) carried out in 2021. A total of 1202 participants between 15 and 80 years old answered the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ), and an additional question about suicide plans. Participation was by invitation only and possible online or via a postal paper questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between both current suicidal ideation and self-reported lifetime suicide attempt with the sociodemographic factors age, gender, educational level, origin and financial distress. Moreover, formal care use for mental health was examined among those experiencing suicidal ideation, and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associated sociodemographic factors. Finally, perceived unmet mental health needs were assessed among suicide ideators. RESULTS The point-prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.6% and was higher among younger age groups and individuals reporting financial distress. The lifetime-prevalence of suicide attempts is 6.5% and was higher in younger people and individuals with a primary educational level and with financial distress. About half (45.6%) of those with suicidal ideation consulted a professional for mental health problems in the past twelve months. Men and those with a primary educational level were less likely to seek help. Half of suicide ideators without care use perceived some need for mental health care, and a third of suicide ideators who used care perceived the obtained help as insufficient, resulting in a population prevalence of 3.6% suicide ideators with a fully or partially perceived unmet need. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicide attempts, suicidal ideation and unmet needs among suicide-ideators is high in this Belgian sample. Mental health care need perception in suicide ideators needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rens
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, 2570, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Kris Van den Broeck
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy Gijzen
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Lateef H, Adams L, Bernard D, Jellesma F, Frempong MRK, Boahen-Boaten BB, Leach BCB, Borgstrom E, Nartey PB. Mental Health Treatment-Seeking Appraisal, Afrocentric Cultural Norms, and Mental Health Functioning: Buffering Factors of Young Black Men's Externalizing Behavior. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01771-7. [PMID: 37624539 PMCID: PMC10894312 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression rates are disproportionately high among Black American Men. This disparity--compounded by low mental healthcare seeking rates and high incorrect diagnosis rates in men--could be related to masculine norms, including self-reliance, restrictive emotionality, and stoicism. Furthermore, men are more likely to engage in externalized behavior, such as aggression, to cope with mental health challenges; this pattern is influenced by cultural and environmental factors. Contrary to these detrimental factors, social relationships, belief in social networks, and collectivism have been associated with positive mental health in these populations. Similarly, an Afrocentric worldview (including concepts like Ubuntu and African self-consciousness) has been hypothesized to promote positive mental health outcomes among Black American men. However, little research exists on harnessing these factors as a means of increasing health-seeking behaviors in young Black males. AIM To elucidate the effect of region, depression, African humanism, collectivism, and help-seeking values and needs concerning aggression in young Black males. METHOD This study included Black or African American participants (n = 428) identifying as male, aged 18-25 years, who responded to a Qualtrics survey with questions on region, aggression, depression, African humanism, collectivism, and help-seeking value and need. RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression revealed that collectivism, humanness, value, and the need for seeking treatment were inversely associated with aggression (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Highlighting the effect of cultural norms and help-seeking behaviors and the aggravating effect of depression on aggression in young Black males can help to develop aggression-mitigating interventions rooted in Afrocentric Norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Lateef
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Lopes RT, da Rocha GC, Svacina MA, Meyer B, Šipka D, Berger T. Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Self-Guided Program to Treat Depression in a Sample of Brazilian Users: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46326. [PMID: 37590052 PMCID: PMC10472176 DOI: 10.2196/46326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is undertreated in Brazil. Deprexis is a self-guided internet-based program used to treat depressive symptoms based on empirically supported integrative and cognitive behavioral therapy. Evidence from a meta-analysis supports Deprexis' efficacy in German-speaking countries and the United States, but no study has been conducted using this program in countries with low literacy rates and large social disparities. Furthermore, few studies have investigated whether internet-based interventions ameliorate the psychological processes that might underlie depressive symptomatology, such as low perceived self-efficacy. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to replicate in Brazil previously reported effects of Deprexis on depressive symptom reduction. Therefore, the main research question was whether Deprexis is effective in reducing depressive symptoms and the general psychological state in Brazilian users with moderate and severe depression in comparison with a control group that does not receive access to Deprexis. A secondary research question was whether the use of Deprexis affects perceptions of self-efficacy. METHODS We interviewed 312 participants recruited over the internet and randomized 189 participants with moderate to severe depression (according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and a semistructured interview) to an intervention condition (treatment as usual plus immediate access to Deprexis for 90 days, n=94) or to a control condition (treatment as usual and delayed access to Deprexis, after 8 weeks, n=95). RESULTS Participants from the immediate access group logged in at Deprexis an average of 14.81 (SD 12.16) times. The intention-to-treat analysis using a linear mixed model showed that participants who received Deprexis improved significantly more than participants assigned to the delayed access control group on the primary depression self-assessment measure (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Cohen d=0.80; P<.001) and secondary outcomes, such as general psychological state measure (Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measurement; Cohen d=0.82; P<.001) and the perceived self-efficacy measure (Cohen d=0.63; P<.001). The intention-to-treat analyses showed that 21% (20/94) of the participants achieved remission compared with 7% (7/95) in the control group (P<.001). The deterioration rates were lower in the immediate access control group. The dropout rate was high, but no differences in demographic and clinical variables were found. Participants reported a medium to high level of satisfaction with Deprexis. CONCLUSIONS These results replicate previous findings by showing that Deprexis can facilitate symptomatic improvement over 3 months in depressed samples of Brazilian users. From a public health perspective, this is important information to expand the reach of internet-based interventions for those who really need them, especially in countries with less access to mental health care. This extends previous research by showing significant effects on perceived self-efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clíncos (ReBec) RBR-6kk3bx UTN U1111-1212-8998; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6kk3bx/. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0582.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Obeid S, Chidiac G, Dabbous M, Malaeb D, Hallit R, Hallit S. Measuring public attitudes towards people living with chronic diseases in Arabic-speaking populations: adaptation and development of the Social Stigma Scale of Chronic Diseases (SSS-CD). BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1375. [PMID: 37464332 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of the population in Arab countries suffer from chronic diseases. According to the statistics by the Global Health Estimates, chronic illnesses contribute by 71% to total deaths in the Arab region. While chronic illnesses have been demonstrated to carry high levels of social stigma, it is only recently that little research attention has been given to this topic in the Arab world. It is well-established that the social stigma construct is culturally-dependent. Therefore, the lack of an Arabic measure highlighted the urgent need for developing a culturally adapted and valid instrument to assess social stigma toward people living with chronic diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic translation, adaptation and development of "the Social Stigma Scale of Chronic Diseases" (SSS-CD). METHOD Fifteen items derived from the literature and assessing social stigma towards chronic diseases have been administered to 570 Arabic-speaking adults from the Lebanese general population (aged 24.59 ± 6.75years; 68.6% women). Items were translated into Arabic using a forward-backward translation method. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using a principal-axis EFA on the first split-half subsample, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested on the model extracted from the EFA on the second split-half subsample, were conducted to examine the construct validity of the SSS-CD. Fit indices were deemed adequate if the normed model chi-square (χ²/df) ≤ 3, the Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) ≤ 0.08, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the comparative fit index (CFI) ≥ 0.90. RESULTS Findings revealed that the 10-item SSS-CD has a unidimensional factor structure, with the following fit indices: χ2/df = 92.95/34 = 2.73, RMSEA = 0.077 (90% CI 0.059, 0.096), SRMR = 0.062, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.919. A good internal consistency was demonstrated by a McDonald's omega value of 0.73 for the total score. Findings also supported invariance across gender, with men exhibiting higher levels of social stigma attached to chronic diseases than women. All three dimensions of stigmatization (social, psychological and evolutionary stigmatization) were positively correlated with SSS-CD scores (Social self-interest [r = .40; p < .001], Evolutionary self-interest [r = .37; p < .001], Psychological self-interest [r = .42; p < .001]), demonstrating relatively strong convergent validity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the SSS-CD has robust psychometric qualities. We thus preliminarily suggest that the scale is valid, reliable and suitable for use among Arabic-speaking people from the general population to measure public attitudes towards people living with chronic diseases. Providing this psychometrically sound measure will hopefully enable to foster research in this area in order to draw a clear overview of the prevalence and characteristics of social stigma attached to chronic diseases in Arabic-speaking communities. However, given that this was the first study to examine the psychometric properties of the SSS-CD, the present findings and conclusions should be considered tentative pending future cross-national validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Georgio Chidiac
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Dermatology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Street 93, Byblos, Postal Code 3, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Potter F, Zehb M, Dohrmann K, Müller-Bamouh V, Rockstroh B, Crombach A. "It is worth hanging in there" - Psychotherapeutic experiences shaping future motivation for outpatient psychotherapy with refugee clients in Germany. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:503. [PMID: 37438750 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of mental disorders in refugees contrasts with a low rate of treatment and limited access to health care services. In addition to pre-, peri- and post-migration stress, language, cultural barriers together with lack of information about cost reimbursement, and access to German (mental) health care institutions are discussed as barriers to use of available services. Such barriers together with insufficient experience of treating traumatized refugee clients may lower therapists' motivation and facilities to accept refugee clients. A model project called "Fearless" trained, and supervised therapists, translators, and peer counsellors to reduce these barriers and increase therapists' motivation and engagement in future treatment of refugees. METHODS From a total 14 therapists participating in the project N = 13 were available for semi-structured interviews. The interviews were scheduled during or after their outpatient psychotherapy of refugee clients and lasted one hour on average. Based on qualitative assessment strategies, open questions addressed the therapists' experience of challenges, enrichments, and motivation throughout the therapy. Therapists' responses were analyzed using content structuring qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Three major challenges modulated therapists' future motivation for treating refugee clients: specific bureaucratic efforts (e.g., therapy application), organizational difficulties (e.g., scheduling appointments), and clients' motivation (e.g., adherence, reliability). Still, most interviewed therapists (n = 12) evaluated the therapy as enriching and expressed their motivation to accept refugee clients in the future (n = 10). CONCLUSION Results recommend the reduction of bureaucratic effort (e.g., regular health insurance cover for all refugees) and implementation of organizational support (e.g., peer counsellors) in support of therapists' motivation for future treatment of refugee clients. Further structural support e.g., with organizing and financing professional translators and referring refugee clients to psychotherapists should be deployed nationwide. We recommend the training in, and supervision of, the treatment of refugee clients as helpful additional modules in psychotherapy training curricula to raise therapists' motivation to work with refugee clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Potter
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Marlene Zehb
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katalin Dohrmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- vivo international, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller-Bamouh
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- vivo international, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rockstroh
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- vivo international, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anselm Crombach
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- vivo international, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Krumm S, Krieg G, Lamp N, Marek F, Nickel P, Panzirsch M, Stiawa M, Beschoner P, Brieger P, Frasch K, Gertzen M, Gündel H, Hasan A, Jäger M, Kling-Lourenco P, Koussemou JM, Steber R, Kilian R. The transformation of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes in men treated for depression (TRANSMODE): study protocol for a mixed-methods observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:492. [PMID: 37430236 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masculinity norms play a crucial role in men's help-seeking behaviors, service-use, and coping strategies for depression. While previous studies provided evidence for the association between gender role orientations, work related attitudes, stigmatization of men with depression and depressive symptoms, it remains unclear to what extent gender role orientations change over time and whether psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatment have an impact on these transformations. Additionally, the role of partners in supporting depressed men and the impact of dyadic coping on these processes have not been explored. The aim of this study is to investigate how masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes change over time in men treated for depression, and to examine the role of their partners and dyadic coping in these transformation processes. METHODS TRANSMODE is a prospective longitudinal mixed-methods study investigating the transformation of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes in men treated for depression between the ages of 18 and 65 from different settings in Germany. The study will recruit 350 men from various settings for quantitative analysis. By applying a latent transition analysis, the primary outcome are changes in masculine orientations and work-related attitudes over time, measured at four times (t0, t1, t2, t3) with intervals of 6 months. Qualitative interview with a subsample of depressed men selected using latent profile analysis, will be conducted between t0 and t1 (a1) with a follow-up of 12 months (a2). In addition, qualitative interviews with the partners of depressed men will be conducted between t2 and t3 (p1). Qualitative data will be analysed using qualitative structured content analysis. DISCUSSION A comprehensive understanding of the transformation processes of masculinity orientations over time including the impact of psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment and the role of partners can lead to the development of gender-sensitive depression treatment tailored to the unique needs of men with depression. Thus, the study can promote more effective and successful treatment outcomes and further contribute to reducing the stigma surrounding mental health issues among men and encourage them for mental health service use. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered in the German Clinical Trail Register (DRKS) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) under registration number DRKS00031065 (Date of registration 06 February 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Krumm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Gironimo Krieg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natalie Lamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Marek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Panzirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Christophsbad Clinic, Göppingen, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Karel Frasch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Marcus Gertzen
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | | | - José Marie Koussemou
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Heidenheim Clinic, Heidenheim, Germany
| | | | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Kuhl DR, Lutz K, Wu E, Arsovska O, Berkowitz J, Klimas J, Sundar M, Goldenberg SL, Higano CS. Living with prostate cancer: a mixed-method evaluation of group therapy intervention to alleviate psychological distress in a Canadian setting. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:398. [PMID: 37326757 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of group therapy focused on the experience of living with prostate cancer (PC) on depression and mental well-being among men with the disease and to explore participant experiences of a guided opportunity to 'speak the unspeakable' as it pertains to living with PC. METHODS We used a mixed-method convergent design. Participants completed four validated self-report questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the final session, and at three, six, and 12 months follow-up. A repeated measures mixed-effect model examined the effects of the program on depression, mental well-being, and masculinity. Seven focus groups (n = 37) and 39 semi-structured individual interviews explored participant reactions at follow-up. RESULTS Thirty-nine (93%) participants completed the questionnaires at all follow-ups. Responses indicated improved mental well-being up to three months (p < 0.01) and a decrease in depressive symptoms to 12 months (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis revealed how the cohesive group environment alleviated psychological stress, enabled participants to identify significant issues and concerns in their lives, and improved communication and relationship skills that were of value in the group as well as with family and friends. The facilitation was essential to guiding participants to 'speak the unspeakable.' CONCLUSION Men with PC who speak of their experience in a group setting with a guided process incorporating features of a life review appear to gain insight into the impact of PC in their lives, experience diminished features of depression and isolation, and enhance their communication skills within the groups as well as with family members and friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Kuhl
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 3rd Floor David Strangway Building, 5950 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 6th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Kevin Lutz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Eugenia Wu
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 6th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Olga Arsovska
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 6th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Berkowitz
- Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Henry Angus-HA 475, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 3rd Floor David Strangway Building, 5950 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Monita Sundar
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 6th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - S Larry Goldenberg
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 6th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Celestia S Higano
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 6th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
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Jachim SK, Bowles BS, Panicker AJ, Yousaf I, Brown AD, Zoroufy AJ, Boehmer KR, Stonnington CM, Vadeboncoeur TF, Lujan JL, Ehlers SL, Schulze AJ. A single-center assessment of mental health and well-being in a biomedical sciences graduate program. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:728-733. [PMID: 37193845 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Jachim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley S Bowles
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Iris Yousaf
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alyssa D Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kasey R Boehmer
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - J Luis Lujan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shawna L Ehlers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Autumn J Schulze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Pamplin JR, Kelsall NC, Keyes KM, Bates LM, Prins SJ. Race, criminalization and urban mental health in the United States. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:219-236. [PMID: 36762668 PMCID: PMC10079600 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As efforts to increase policing and roll back criminal legal system reforms in major U.S. cities rise, the collateral consequences of increased criminalization remain critical to document. Although the criminalization of mental illness has been well studied in the U.S., the mental health effects of criminalization are comparatively under-researched. In addition, despite extreme racial disparities in U.S. policing, there is limited understanding of how criminalization may contribute to racial disparities in mental health. RECENT FINDINGS Literature included in this review covers various types of criminalization, including direct and indirect impacts of incarceration, criminalization of immigration, first-hand and witnessed encounters with police, and the effects of widely publicized police brutality incidents. All forms of criminalization were shown to negatively impact mental health (depression, anxiety and suicidality), with evidence suggestive of disproportionate impact on Black people. SUMMARY There is evidence of significant negative impact of criminalization on mental health; however, more robust research is needed to address the limitations of the current literature. These limitations include few analyses stratified by race, a lack of focus on nonincarceration forms of criminalization, few longitudinal studies limiting causal inference, highly selected samples limiting generalizability and few studies with validated mental health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Pamplin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nora Clancy Kelsall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lisa M. Bates
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Seth J. Prins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Haider K, Humer E, Weber M, Pieh C, Ghorab T, Dale R, Dinhof C, Gächter A, Probst T, Jesser A. An Assessment of Austrian School Students' Mental Health and Their Wish for Support: A Mixed Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4749. [PMID: 36981657 PMCID: PMC10049003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mental health of school students has been severely impacted by the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study used a mixed methods approach to assess students' mental health and examine their wishes for support to improve their psychological well-being. We further investigated gender and age group differences in the amount of clinically relevant mental health problems and the roles that mental health and gender had on desired support. Between April and May 2022, a total of 616 Austrian students aged between 14 and 20 participated in a cross-sectional online survey (77.4% female; 19.8% male; 2.8% non-binary) assessing wishes for support regarding mental well-being and mental health indicators (depression: PHQ-9; anxiety: GAD-7; insomnia: ISI; stress: PSS-10; eating disorders: SCOFF; alcohol abuse: CAGE). A wish for support was expressed by 46.6% of the students. Qualitative content analysis revealed that the two most important categories of desired support types were "professional help" and "someone to talk to". The group of students with a wish for support in general significantly more often showed clinically relevant depression, anxiety, insomnia, eating disorders, or high stress symptoms. Students that wished for professional help significantly more often exceeded the cut-off for clinically relevant depression, anxiety, and high stress. Those who wished for someone to talk to significantly more often exceeded the cut-off for clinically relevant eating disorders. The results indicate a great need for support for young people's mental health problems and that this need is even more urgent for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Haider
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Magdalena Weber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Private University of Schloss Seeburg, 5201 Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Tiam Ghorab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Rachel Dale
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Carina Dinhof
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Afsaneh Gächter
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
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[Inpatient care capacities in child and adolescent psychiatry-increase in emergency admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic?]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2023; 37:12-21. [PMID: 35817994 PMCID: PMC9273683 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying containment measures have had a fundamental impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. In the present study, the emergency admissions of the first two Corona years (2020/21) at the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Hall i. T./Innsbruck were retrospectively analysed and compared with the two years before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018/19). There was no change in the total number of emergency admissions in 2020 compared to 2019 before Corona, but in 2021 emergency admissions increased by 40.1%. The pre-Corona (2018/19) gender ratio of 65.4% girls to 34.6% boys did not change in 2020. In 2021, the proportion of girls increased to 74.4%. In the COVID-19 pandemic, acute suicidality increased (+48.3%) while aggression decreased (-51.0%). Acute intoxications increased in the first Corona year and decreased again in 2021. The present study results show that the mental health needs of children and adolescents increased significantly in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and that this was also reflected in child and adolescent psychiatry. The increased demands must now be met with appropriate care and prevention measures as well as sufficient child and adolescent psychiatric bed capacities in order to mitigate the longer-term psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as best as possible.
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McLean E, Livingston TN, Mitchell SM, Singer J. Perceptions of grief reactions in family members of incarcerated individuals: A vignette-based experiment. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 47:1167-1179. [PMID: 36772949 PMCID: PMC10363178 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2175391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We examined perceptions of individuals grieving the loss of a family member to incarceration. Participants (N = 1095) were randomized to a vignette that varied by race-ethnicity, crime type, and grief trajectory to assess their perceptions. Results indicated: (1) participants perceived prolonged grief as less appropriate than resilience; (2) Black family members grieving someone who committed a violent crime as more appropriate compared to White family members; and (3) women endorsed both grief trajectories as more appropriate and indicated greater comfort supporting the family member. Lastly, participants indicated prolonged, White and Latinx grievers should seek therapy more than resilient or Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth McLean
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sean M. Mitchell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Singer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Kampmann JD, Heaf JG, Mogensen CB, Mickley H, Wolff DL, Brandt F. Prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease stage 3-5 - results from KidDiCo. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:17. [PMID: 36658506 PMCID: PMC9849831 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global challenge. CKD prevalence estimation is central to management strategies and prevention. It is necessary to predict end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and, subsequently, the burden for healthcare systems. In this study we characterize CKD stage 3-5 prevalence and incidence in a cohort covering the majority of the Region of Southern Denmark and investigate individuals' demographic, socioeconomic, and comorbidity status. METHODS We used data from the Kidney Disease Cohort (KidDiCo) combining laboratory data from Southern Denmark with Danish national databases. Chronic kidney disease was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. RESULTS The prevalence varied between 4.83 and 4.98% and incidence rate of CKD was 0.49%/year. The median age was 76.4 years. The proportion of individuals with CKD stage 3-5 in the entire population increased consistently with age. The percentage of women in the CKD 3-5 group was higher than in the background population. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease were more prominent in patients with CKD. CKD stage 5 and ESKD were more frequent as incident CKD stages in the 18-49 year olds when compared to older individuals. CKD patients tended to have a lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Chronic kidney disease stage 3-5 is common, especially in the elderly. Patients with CKD stage 3-5 are predominantly female. The KidDiCo data suggests an association between lower socioeconomic status and prevalence of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dominik Kampmann
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sydvang 1, Sonderborg, 6400 Denmark ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230 Denmark
| | - James Goya Heaf
- grid.476266.7Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, 4000 Denmark
| | - Christian Backer Mogensen
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230 Denmark ,grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, Aabenraa, 6200 Denmark
| | - Hans Mickley
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense, 5000 Denmark
| | - Donna Lykke Wolff
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sydvang 1, Sonderborg, 6400 Denmark ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230 Denmark
| | - Frans Brandt
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sydvang 1, Sonderborg, 6400 Denmark ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230 Denmark
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Kuhlmann E, Scharli P, Schick M, Ditzen B, Langer L, Strowitzki T, Wischmann T, Kuon RJ. The Posttraumatic Impact of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Both Women and Men. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83:88-96. [PMID: 36643876 PMCID: PMC9835763 DOI: 10.1055/a-1916-9180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually associated with significant psychological distress for both partners of the couple. It may act as a traumatic experience resulting in a posttraumatic stress disorder. The object of this study is to examine the posttraumatic impact of recurrent pregnancy loss on men and women and their interdependencies. Methods Cross-sectional study. All couples referred to the special unit for recurrent pregnancy loss between March 2019 and October 2020 were asked to participate with a sample size of 105 couples and 17 women. They were invited to complete a questionnaire package estimating the prevalence of posttraumatic stress, with anxiety, depression, lack of social support and dysfunctional coping strategies as contributing risk factors. Couple data were analysed with the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, taking the couple as a dyad. Results The response rate was 82.3 percent, with posttraumatic stress being measured in 13.7% of the women versus 3.9% of the men (p = 0.017). For women, number of curettages, controlled for the number of losses, correlated with the severity of posttraumatic stress (p < 0.05). Higher levels of anxiety, depression and lack of social support in women correlated positively with posttraumatic stress in their partners. The men's coping strategy "trivialization and wishful thinking" as well as "avoidance" correlated with more severe posttraumatic stress in the female partners (both p < 0.05). Conclusion The posttraumatic risks within a couple with recurrent pregnancy loss are interdependent. Recurrent pregnancy loss clinics should assess posttraumatic risks of both partners in their routine diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg
University Women’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Scharli
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg
University Women’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maren Schick
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila Langer
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg
University Women’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg
University Women’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tewes Wischmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben-J. Kuon
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg
University Women’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Korrespondenzadresse Prof. Dr. Ruben-J. Kuon Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg
University Women’s HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 44069120 HeidelbergGermany
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Seidler ZE, Wilson MJ, Oliffe JL, Kealy D, Ogrodniczuk JS, Walther A, Rice SM. "I could hang up if the practitioner was a prat": Australian men's feedback on telemental healthcare during COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279127. [PMID: 36516184 PMCID: PMC9749969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, uncertainties and management inconsistencies have been implicated in men's rising distress levels, which in turn have somewhat normed the uptake of telemental healthcare services (i.e., phone and/or video-conference-based therapy). Given past evidence of poor engagement with telemental health among men, this mixed-methods study examined Australian men's use of, and experiences with telemental health services relative to face-to-face care during the pandemic. A community sample of Australian-based men (N = 387; age M = 47.5 years, SD = 15.0 years) were recruited via Facebook advertising, and completed an online survey comprising quantitative items and open-response qualitative questions with the aim of better understanding men's experiences with telemental healthcare services. In total, 62.3% (n = 241) of participants reported experience with telemental health, and regression analyses revealed those who engaged with telemental health were on average younger, more likely to be gay and university educated. Men who had used telemental health were, on average, more satisfied with their therapy experience than those who had face-to-face therapy. Among those who had telemental healthcare, marginally lower satisfaction was observed among regional/rural based relative to urban men, and those who had to wait longer than 2 months to commence therapy. Qualitative findings highlighted positive aspects of telemental healthcare including comfort with accessing therapy from familiar home environments and the convenience and accessibility of telemental health alongside competing commitments and COVID-19 restrictions. Conversely, drawbacks included technical limitations such as crosstalk impeding therapeutic progress, disconnects and audio-visual lag-times and the 'impersonal' nature of telemental healthcare services. Findings broadly signal COVID-19 induced shifts norming of the use of virtual therapy services, with clear scope for improvement in the delivery of therapeutic practice using digital modalities, especially among help-seeking men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac E. Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Movember, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael J. Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ludwig VU, Berry B, Cai JY, Chen NM, Crone DL, Platt ML. The impact of disclosing emotions on ratings of interpersonal closeness, warmth, competence, and leadership ability. Front Psychol 2022; 13:989826. [PMID: 36582324 PMCID: PMC9793093 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.989826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasingly, business leaders and other professionals are called upon to be vulnerable and authentic in the workplace, which often includes disclosing emotions to others. While sharing emotions is known to enhance closeness, several questions remain underexplored. Specifically, disclosing personal facts about oneself and disclosing emotions have often been studied together, making it difficult to determine the effects of disclosing emotions per se. Moreover, not enough is known about factors that may influence effects of disclosing emotions, including recipients' attitudes toward emotion-sharing, the sharer's gender, and whether one considers the disclosure to be similar to one's own experiences. We examined the impact of disclosing positive and negative emotion on ratings of closeness, warmth, competence, and leadership ability. Methods 119 participants (95 female) in the United States were shown headshots of individuals who were introduced in the first person in written format. For half of the pictures, an autobiographical fact about the individual's past was disclosed. For the other half, an autobiographical fact and an associated emotion were disclosed. Results We found that sharing both positive and negative emotions increased feelings of closeness above and beyond the effects of autobiographical sharing alone. Sharing positive emotions also increased ratings of warmth, competence, and leadership ability. Male and female sharers benefited equally from disclosing emotions and effects were largely robust to recipients' attitudes toward emotional expression. Having something in common with the disclosed fact or emotion further increased all ratings. Conclusion These findings indicate that disclosing emotions may improve interpersonal interactions, with potential management applications in business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera U. Ludwig
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Vera U. Ludwig,
| | - Blaire Berry
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Marketing, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jerry Y. Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nai Ming Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Damien L. Crone
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Marketing Department, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Landis RK, Levin JS, Saloner B, Gordon AJ, Dick AW, Sherry TB, Leslie DL, Sorbero M, Stein BD. Sociodemographic differences in quality of treatment to Medicaid enrollees receiving buprenorphine. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1057-1071. [PMID: 35442178 PMCID: PMC9945372 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Buprenorphine is a key medication to treat opioid use disorder, but little is known about how treatment quality varies across sociodemographic groups. Objective: We examined measures of treatment quality and explored variation by sociodemographic factors. Methods: We used Medicaid MAX data from 50 states from 2006 to 2014 to identify buprenorphine treatment episodes (N = 317,494). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the quality of buprenorphine treatment along four dimensions: (1) sufficient duration, (2) effective dosage, and concurrent prescribing of (3) opioid analgesics and (4) benzodiazepines. We explored how quality varied by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and urbanicity. Results: In adjusted models, compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals had lower odds of receiving effective dosage (aORs = 0.79 and 0.89, respectively) and sufficient duration (aORs = 0.64 and 0.71, respectively), and lower odds of concurrent prescribing of opioid analgesics (aORs = 0.86 and 0.85, respectively) and benzodiazepines (aORs = 0.51 and 0.59, respectively). Older individuals had higher odds of sufficient duration (aORs from 1.21-1.33), but also had higher odds of concurrent opioid analgesics prescribing (aORs from 1.29-1.56) and benzodiazepines (aORs from 1.44-1.99). Females had higher odds of sufficient duration (aOR = 1.12), but lower odds of effective dosage (aOR = 0.77) and higher odds of concurrent prescribing of opioid analgesics (aOR = 1.25) and benzodiazepines (aOR = 1.16). Compared to individuals living in metropolitan areas, individuals living in non-metropolitan areas had higher odds of sufficient duration (aORs = 1.11 and 1.24) and effective dosage (aORs = 1.06 and 1.33), and lower odds of concurrent prescribing (aORs from 0.81-0.98). Conclusions: Black and Hispanic individuals were less likely to receive effective buprenorphine dosage and sufficient duration. Quality results were mixed for older and female individuals; although these individuals were more likely to receive treatment of sufficient duration, they were also more likely to be concurrently prescribed potentially contraindicated medications, and females were less likely to receive effective dosage. Findings raise concerns about adequacy of care for minority and other at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Landis
- George Washington University Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, Washington, DC, USA
- RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA, USA
| | | | - Brendan Saloner
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam J. Gordon
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center (IDEAS), Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew W. Dick
- RAND Corporation, 20 Park Plaza, Suite 920, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Douglas L. Leslie
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Applied Studies in Health Economics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark Sorbero
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley D. Stein
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Baldoni F, Giannotti M, Casu G, Agostini F, Mandolesi R, Peverieri S, Ambrogetti N, Spelzini F, Caretti V, Terrone G. The Perinatal Assessment of Paternal Affectivity (PAPA): Italian validation of a new tool for the screening of perinatal depression and affective disorders in fathers. J Affect Disord 2022; 317:123-130. [PMID: 36028014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Questionnaires for the screening of paternal perinatal psychological distress are based on clinical manifestations expressed by women, showing limitations in capturing the wide array of signs and symptoms exhibited by men. The current study aimed to validate the Perinatal Assessment of Paternal Affectivity, a new self-report tool for the screening of paternal depressive and affective disorder. METHOD This study used a cross-sectional design with a 3-month test-retest, involving respectively 385 (T1) and a sub-sample of 111(T2) fathers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test structural validity and concurrent validity was assessed by Spearman correlations. We assessed reliability using McDonald's ω and ordinal alpha. Group differences in PAPA scores based on sociodemographic were also tested. RESULTS The CFA reported a one factor structure as the optimal solution. The PAPA also showed adequate reliability and internal consistency as well as acceptable test-retest indices. Concurrent validity was confirmed by significant correlations between PAPA total score and standardized test scores. Non-Italian fathers and fathers who experienced recent stressful life events reported higher PAPA scores. LIMITATIONS Our sample was not homogeneous in terms of nationality and most of the participants, were from Northern Italy. Some risk factors associated with paternal parental psychological distress (e.g., unplanned pregnancy) have not been considered. CONCLUSION This study provides initial evidence of validity and reliability of the PAPA as a brief and sensitive screening tool to detect signs and symptoms of paternal affective disorder during both prenatal and postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baldoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Giannotti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - G Casu
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - F Agostini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - R Mandolesi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - S Peverieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - N Ambrogetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - F Spelzini
- Operative Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rimini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - G Terrone
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Rate and Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction after Debut of Chronic Kidney Disease-Results from the KidDiCo. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9110387. [PMID: 36354786 PMCID: PMC9696870 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including acute myocardial infarction. However, whether this risk is only associated with severe kidney disease or is also related to mildly impaired kidney function is still under debate. The incidence rate and risk factors of incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with CKD are sparse. Potential differences in risk factor profiles between CKD patients with incident AMI and CKD patients with a prior AMI have not been sufficiently investigated. Furthermore, important factors such as albuminuria and socio-economic factors are often not included. The primary aim of this study was to establish the incidence rate of AMI after CKD debut. Secondly, to evaluate the importance of different CKD stages and the risk of having an AMI. Finally, to identify individuals at risk for AMI after CKD debut adjusted for prevalent AMI. Based on data from the kidney disease cohort of Southern Denmark (KidDiCo), including 66,486 CKD patients, we established incidence rates and characteristics of incident AMI among patients within a 5-year follow-up period after CKD debut. A Cox regression was performed to compute the cause-specific hazard ratios for the different risk factors. The incidence rate for CKD stage G3−5 patients suffering acute myocardial infarction is 2.5 cases/1000 people/year. In patients without a previous myocardial infarction, the risk of suffering a myocardial infarction after CKD debut was only significant in CKD stage G4 (HR = 1.402; (95% CI: 1.08−1.81); p-value = 0.010) and stage G5 (HR = 1.491; (95% CI: 1.01−2.19); p-value = 0.042). This was not the case in patients who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction prior to their CKD debut. In this group, a previous myocardial infarction was the most critical risk factor for an additional myocardial infarction after CKD debut (HR = 2.615; (95% CI: 2.241−3.05); p-value < 0.001). Irrespective of a previous myocardial infarction, age, male sex, hypertension, and a low educational level were significant risk factors associated with an acute myocardial infarction after CKD debut. The incidence rate of AMI in patients with CKD stage G3−5 was 2.5 cases/1000 people/year. Risk factors associated with incident AMI in CKD stage G3−5 patients were CKD stage, age, and hypertension. Female sex and higher educational levels were associated with a lower risk for AMI. Prior AMI was the most significant risk factor in patients with and without previous AMI before fulfilling CKD stage G3−5 criteria. Only age, sex, and a medium-long educational level were significant risk factors in this group.
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Carragher L, Golding B, Foley A. Shedding light: A qualitative study of women's view on Men's Sheds in Ireland and Australia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e4355-e4362. [PMID: 35574606 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Older men are less likely than women to meet in social groups and have greater difficulty developing social relationships beyond paid work. Yet they are joining Men's Sheds in ever greater numbers, often with the support of women, as wives, partners and daughters. Little is known about women's perspectives of Men's Sheds and what women get from men's participation in Sheds. Informed by social role theory, the present study explored narratives from 26 significant women of male Shedders in Ireland and Australia. The narratives reveal how gender roles and unspoken rules shape people's lives, with three overarching themes emerging. These include (1) older men being vulnerable, with subthemes men's masculine persona, and women's vigilance, (2) gendered spaces for older men, with subthemes companionship: men mending men and healing in the Shed and (3) the spill over effects of Men's Sheds. Retirement, whether planned or prompted by ill-health, ushers in a new stage of life, requiring new routines and social contacts. For men who lived their life according to gender social roles, which perceive men as masculine, independent and assertive and not inclined to open display of emotion and affection, adjusting to certain aspects of retirement may be difficult, particularly the lack of purposeful activity. Conversely, for women social role identity may be a source of strength for recognising and accepting vulnerability, and for seeking help. Our findings suggest women are central in encouraging older men to join Men's Sheds. In turn, women may experience an alleviation of stress when men participate in Sheds because they are not under the same pressure of their traditional social roles as carers and nurturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Carragher
- School of Health & Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Barry Golding
- School of Education, Federation University, Mount Helen Campus, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Annette Foley
- School of Education, Federation University, Mount Helen Campus, Ballarat, Australia
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Berardelli I, Rogante E, Sarubbi S, Erbuto D, Cifrodelli M, Concolato C, Pasquini M, Lester D, Innamorati M, Pompili M. Is Lethality Different between Males and Females? Clinical and Gender Differences in Inpatient Suicide Attempters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013309. [PMID: 36293891 PMCID: PMC9602518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the gender paradox in suicidology, an important sex difference has been reported with a preponderance of females in nonfatal suicidal behavior and a preponderance of males in completed suicide. Furthermore, females and males present different risk factors for suicide. The present study explored possible clinical differences between male and female psychiatric inpatients who had recently attempted suicide. The study included 177 adult inpatients hospitalized following a suicide attempt at the University Psychiatric Clinic, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome. Clinical features assessed included psychiatric diagnosis, method and lethality of suicide attempts using the Risk/Rescue Rating Scale, the history of suicide attempts, age at onset of psychiatric illness, the presence of substance or alcohol use, and the length of stay. The results found that males and females differed in the method used for the suicide attempt, the scores for risk and rescue, and the length of hospitalization post-suicide attempt. In conclusion, identifying gender characteristics of patients at higher risk of suicide is important for implementing specific suicide prevention strategies and reducing the risk of future suicidal behavior in psychiatric inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +06-33-775-675
| | - Elena Rogante
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sarubbi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Erbuto
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Cifrodelli
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Concolato
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pasquini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - David Lester
- Psychology Program, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Sabawoon A, Keyes KM, Karam E, Kovess-Masfety V. Associations between traumatic event experiences, psychiatric disorders, and suicidal behavior in the general population of Afghanistan: findings from Afghan National Mental Health Survey. Inj Epidemiol 2022; 9:31. [PMID: 36203184 PMCID: PMC9535941 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-022-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of traumatic event exposure and psychiatric disorders as central risk factors for suicidal behavior has been established, but there are limited data in high conflict regions with significant trauma exposures such as Afghanistan. Methods A nationally representative, cross-sectional survey was conducted through systematic stratified random sampling in 8 regions of Afghanistan in 2017 (N = 4474). Well-validated instruments were used to establish trauma exposure, psychiatric disorders. Death preference, suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts were assessed. Results In the total sample, 2.2% reported suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, and 7.1% of respondents reported that they had suicidal ideation at some point in their lives; 3.4% reported a suicide attempt. Women were at higher risk than men. All traumatic event exposures were strongly associated with suicidal behavior. Respondents who reported experiencing sexual violence were 4.4 times more likely to report lifetime suicide attempts (95% CI 2.3–8.4) and 5.8 times more likely to report past 12-month suicidal ideation (95% CI 2.7–12.4). Associations were strong and significant for all psychiatric disorders related to suicidal behavior. Respondents who met criteria for major depressive episodes (OR = 7.48; 95% CI 4.40–12.72), generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 6.61; 95% CI 3.54–12.33), and PTSD (OR = 7.26; 95% CI 4.21–12.51) had the highest risk of past 12-month suicidal ideation. Conclusion Traumatic event exposures and psychiatric disorders increase risk of suicidal behavior in the Afghan general population; women are at high risk. Interventions to reduce trauma exposure, including expansion of a mental health workforce in the region, are critically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Sabawoon
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elie Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital University Medical Center University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Université de Paris, LPPS, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Hearing Aid Use Time Is Causally Influenced by Psychological Parameters in Mildly Distressed Patients with Chronic Tinnitus and Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195869. [PMID: 36233736 PMCID: PMC9573609 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hearing aids (HAs) can improve tinnitus-related distress (TRD) and speech-comprehension (SC) in silence or at 55 dB level of noise-interference (SC_55 dB) in patients with chronic tinnitus and mild-to-moderate hearing loss. However, the role of HA use time in relation to psychological, audiological, or self-reported tinnitus characteristics is an under-investigated area. Methods: We examine 177 gender-stratified patients before (t1) and after an intervention comprising binaural DSLchild algorithm-based HA fitting and auditory training (t2) and at a 70-day follow up [t3]. HA use time was retrospectively retrieved (at t2) for the pre-post- and (at t3) post-follow up periods. General linear models investigated HA use time in relation to (1) general audiological, (2) tinnitus-related audiological, (3) tinnitus-related self-report, and (4) distress-related self-report indices before and after treatment, where applicable. Receiver operator characteristic analyses identified optimal HA use time for hereby-mediated treatment changes. Results: At t1 and t2, psychological, but not audiological indices causally influenced prospective HA use time—except for SC_55 dB at t1, which, however, correlated with patients’ anxiety, depressivity, and psychological distress levels. Correlations did not differ between patient subgroups defined by categorical tinnitus-related audiological or self-report indices. HA use time partly mediated treatment-related improvement in TRD, but not SC. Optimal use amounted to 9.5–10.5 h/day. Conclusions: An awareness of psychological influences may help clinicians facilitate HA use and, thereby, TRD improvement with hearing amplification.
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Murayama Y, Yamazaki S, Hasebe M, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi J, Kobayashi E. Psychological Factors That Suppress Help-Seeking among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Living Alone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10620. [PMID: 36078335 PMCID: PMC9518183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Help-seeking among destitute adults has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, this study clarifies the mechanisms that suppress help-seeking in middle-aged and older adults living alone. Data were collected from 1274 individuals (aged 50-79 years) who were living alone, using a survey that measured future time perspective, barriers to help-seeking, help-seeking intentions, and current and childhood economic statuses. Men living alone experienced lower help-seeking intention than women, were more likely to try to solve problems by themselves, and experienced greater distrust in others. No sex differences were observed in "future anxiety" and "resignation to the future." Poor economic status was associated with high "resignation to the future," "future anxiety," and "distrust of others" for both sexes. "Resignation to the future" was particularly higher among men with a poorer current economic status, which suppressed help-seeking. Abandoning hope for the future, which is characteristic of middle-aged and older men living alone, may inhibit help-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Murayama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamazaki
- Department of Human Studies, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Saitama-ken 356-8533, Japan
| | - Masami Hasebe
- Department of Human Welfare, Seigakuin University, Saitama-ken 362-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takahashi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jun Yamaguchi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Erika Kobayashi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Choi I, Petrie K, Einboden R, Collins D, Ryan R, Johnston D, Harvey SB, Glozier N, Wray A, Deady M. Apprentices' Attitudes Toward Using a Mental Health Mobile App to Support Healthy Coping: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e35661. [PMID: 35980733 PMCID: PMC9437784 DOI: 10.2196/35661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apprenticeships are a common pathway for young people transitioning into the workforce. Apprentices often face many employment-related challenges and have high levels of psychological distress, drug and alcohol use, and suicidal ideation. Little is known about the attitudes of apprentices toward using smartphone apps to support their mental health and the content that would engage them. Objective This study explored (1) apprentices’ interest in using an app to support their mental health and (2) the healthy coping strategies used to manage their mental well-being in the face of workplace challenges, in order to inform future app content. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted with 54 apprentices (50/54 male, 93%) with a mean age of 22.7 (SD 5.7) years. Participants completed a survey on preferred ways of using an app to support mental health. Across 8 focus groups, participants were asked to describe healthy strategies they used to cope with occupational stressors. Results Only 11% (6/54) of participants currently used a well-being app, but there was high interest in using an app to support their friends (47/54 participants, 87%) and develop self-help strategies to manage or prevent mental health issues (42/54 participants, 78%). Four major types of coping behaviors were identified: (1) social connection for disclosure, advice, and socializing; (2) pleasurable activities, such as engaging in hobbies, time-outs, and developing work-life separation; (3) cognitive approaches, including defusing from thoughts and cognitive reframing; and (4) self-care approaches, including exercise, a healthy diet, and getting adequate sleep. Conclusions There is interest among apprentices to use an app with a positive well-being focus that helps them to develop self-management skills and support their friends. Apprentices utilized a range of healthy behaviors to cope with workplace stressors that can be incorporated into mental health apps to improve uptake and engagement. However, many of the preferred coping strategies identified are not those focused on by currently available apps, indicating the need for more targeted digital interventions for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Choi
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Petrie
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rochelle Einboden
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Nursing, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Collins
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rose Ryan
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Johnston
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Glozier
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Maeshima LS, Parent MC. Mental health stigma and professional help-seeking behaviors among Asian American and Asian international students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1761-1767. [PMID: 33048652 PMCID: PMC10371199 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1819820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between stigma and mental health help-seeking among Asian American and Asian international college students. Participants: Asian American college students (401 men, 858 women) and Asian international college students (384 men, 428 women). Methods: Data from the 2018-2019 Healthy Minds Study were used to assess perceived stigma, personal stigma, and help-seeking behaviors of college students. Results: Personal stigma mediated the relationship between perceived stigma and professional help-seeking intentions. The relationship between perceived stigma and personal stigma differed by international status, such that the relationship between perceived stigma and personal stigma was stronger for Asian international students. The indirect effect between perceived stigma and professional help-seeking via personal stigma also differed by international status. Conclusions: These results suggest that, consistent with prior work, stigma impacts help-seeking among Asian college students and international student status affects the strength of the key relationship between perceived stigma and personal stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey S Maeshima
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counselor Education Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mike C Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling Psychology Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Jansen E, Smith K, Thapaliya G, Sadler J, Aghababian A, Carnell S. Associations of mothers' and fathers' structure-related food parenting practices and child food approach eating behaviors during the COVID pandemic. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113837. [PMID: 35513084 PMCID: PMC9059343 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, many mothers and fathers have spent more time at home with their children, warranting consideration of parenting practices around food during the pandemic as influences on obesogenic eating behaviors among children. Structure-related feeding practices, particularly around snacking, may be particularly challenging yet influential in the pandemic setting. Parent sex and levels of feeding-related co-operation among parents (co-feeding) are understudied potential influences on parent-child feeding relationships. METHODS We investigated relationships between structure-related parent feeding and child food approach behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, while considering potential moderating influences of parent sex and co-feeding levels. An online survey was completed by 318 parents (206 mothers and 112 fathers) of 2-12-year-olds who were living in states with statewide or regional lockdowns in May/June 2020 within the US. Mothers and fathers were drawn from different families, with each survey corresponding to a unique parent-child dyad. Parental stress/mental health, co-feeding (Feeding Coparenting Scale), structure-related food and snack parenting (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire and Parenting around SNAcking Questionnaire), and child eating behaviors (Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) were assessed. Relationships of parents' structure-related food and snack parenting practices with their child's emotional overeating and food responsiveness behaviors were examined using structural equation modelling. Further, we investigated whether these relations were moderated by parent sex or level of co-feeding. RESULTS Parent sex differences were seen in parental stress, mental health, and co-feeding, but not in structure-related food and snack parenting or child food approach eating behaviors. Structure-related food parenting was negatively associated with emotional overeating. However, structure-related snack parenting was positively associated with emotional overeating and food responsiveness. While regression paths varied between mothers vs. fathers, as well as by co-feeding levels, neither parent sex nor co-feeding levels significantly moderated relationships between parent feeding and child eating variables. CONCLUSIONS Future studies of food and snack parenting and co-operation in relation to feeding among mothers and fathers within a familial unit may be critical to identify intervention strategies that draw on all family resources to better navigate future disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jansen
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Sadler
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anahys Aghababian
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Seo YW, Choi BR, Kim MS, Lim MH. Exploring psychopathological and cognitive factors associated with help-seeking intentions among Korean high school students: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29502. [PMID: 35905237 PMCID: PMC9333469 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Competitive college admissions and academic pressure have continuously increased the psychopathological burden of Korean high school students. Seeking help is one of the primary means of managing mental health, and more attention is required. This study aimed to explore the psychopathological and cognitive factors related to the help-seeking intentions of Korean high school students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2020 using the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-R, and Mental Health Literacy Scale. Four hundred and twenty-one Korean high school students (275 males, 146 females; average age 17.44 years [standard deviation = 0.651]) completed self-report questionnaires. We performed analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis to explore the factors related to help-seeking intentions. The final model showed an explanatory power of 23.6% for the overall variance in help-seeking intentions. Somatization (β = -0.200; P = .001) and hostility (β = -0.203; P = .001) had a negative effect on help-seeking intentions. Further, knowledge of where to seek information (β = 0.230; P < .001) and attitudes promoting recognition and help-seeking behavior (β = 0.095; P = .030) had a positive effect. Students responded to society's negative awareness of mental illness by converting psychopathology into socially acceptable symptoms. Educational support can improve mental health literacy. This study is expected to help improve mental illness awareness and increase adolescents' access to public services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Won Seo
- Department of Psychology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Choi
- Department of Psychology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Lim
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Myung-Ho Lim, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Environmental Health Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, South Korea (e-mail: )
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