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Santana-Sánchez P, Vaquero-García R, Legorreta-Haquet MV, Chávez-Sánchez L, Chávez-Rueda AK. Hormones and B-cell development in health and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385501. [PMID: 38680484 PMCID: PMC11045971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells is central to the adaptive immune system as they induce protective and specific antibody responses against invading pathogens. Various studies have shown that, during this process, hormones can play important roles in the lymphopoiesis, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B cells, and depending on the signal given by the receptor of each hormone, they can have a positive or negative effect. In autoimmune diseases, hormonal deregulation has been reported to be related to the survival, activation and/or differentiation of autoreactive clones of B cells, thus promoting the development of autoimmunity. Clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases have been associated with estrogens, prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) levels. However, androgens, such as testosterone and progesterone (P4), could have a protective effect. The objective of this review is to highlight the links between different hormones and the immune response mediated by B cells in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The data collected provide insights into the role of hormones in the cellular, molecular and/or epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the B-cell response in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Karina Chávez-Rueda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
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Mazzarella R, Cañón-Beltrán K, Cajas YN, Hamdi M, González EM, da Silveira JC, Leal CLV, Rizos D. Extracellular vesicles-coupled miRNAs from oviduct and uterus modulate signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and bovine early embryo development. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:51. [PMID: 38570884 PMCID: PMC10993494 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in oviductal (OF) and uterine fluid (UF) have been shown to enhance bovine embryo quality during in vitro culture by reducing lipid contents and modulating lipid metabolism-related genes (LMGs), while also influencing cell proliferation, suggesting their involvement on the regulation of different biological pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways related to cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism is crucial for early embryo development and can determine the success or failure of the pregnancy. Bioactive molecules within EVs in maternal reproductive fluids, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may contribute to this regulatory process as they modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. RESULTS From the 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 19 up-regulated in UF-EVs (bta-miR-134, bta-miR-151-3p, bta-miR-155, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-181b, bta-miR-181d, bta-miR-224, bta-miR-23b-3p, bta-miR-24-3p, bta-miR-27a-3p, bta-miR-29a, bta-miR-324, bta-miR-326, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-410, bta-miR-652, bta-miR-677, bta-miR-873 and bta-miR-708) and one (bta-miR-148b) in OF-EVs. These miRNAs were predicted to modulate several pathways such as Wnt, Hippo, MAPK, and lipid metabolism and degradation. Differences in miRNAs found in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from mid-luteal phase may reflect different environments to meet the changing needs of the embryo. Additionally, miRNAs may be involved, particularly in the uterus, in the regulation of embryo lipid metabolism, immune system, and implantation. This study evaluated miRNA cargo in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from the mid-luteal phase, coinciding with embryo transit within oviduct and uterus in vivo, and its possible influence on LMGs and signaling pathways crucial for early embryo development. A total of 333 miRNAs were detected, with 11 exclusive to OF, 59 to UF, and 263 were common between both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miRNAs within OF- and UF-EVs could modulate bovine embryo development and quality, providing insights into the intricate maternal-embryonic communication that might be involved in modulating lipid metabolism, immune response, and implantation during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Cañón-Beltrán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia N Cajas
- Department Agrarian Production, Technical University of Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja,, UTPL, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Meriem Hamdi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Claudia L V Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA-USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - D Rizos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Walker MB, Holton MP, Callaway TR, Lourenco JM, Fontes PLP. Differences in Microbial Community Composition between Uterine Horns Ipsilateral and Contralateral to the Corpus Luteum in Beef Cows on Day 15 of the Estrous Cycle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2117. [PMID: 37630677 PMCID: PMC10458157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated differences in uterine microbiota composition between uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum of beef cows on day 15 of the estrous cycle. Cows (n = 23) were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol to exogenously induce synchronized ovulation. Cows were then euthanized on day 15 of the estrous cycle, and individual swabs were collected from uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum using aseptic techniques. DNA was extracted, and the entire (V1-V9 hypervariable regions) 16s rRNA gene was sequenced. Sequences were analyzed, and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were determined. Across all samples, 2 bacterial domains, 24 phyla, and 265 genera were identified. Butyribirio, Cutibacterium, BD7-11, Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, Ruminococcus, Bacteroidales RF16 group, and Clostridia UCG-014 differed in relative abundances between uterine horns. Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Bacteroidales UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Psudobutyribibrio, and an unidentified genus of the family Chitinophagaceae and dgA-11 gut group differed between cows that expressed estrus and those that did not. The composition of the microbial community differed between the ipsilateral and contralateral horns and between cows that expressed estrus and cows that failed to express estrus, indicating that the uterine microbiota might play a role in cow fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Levy Piza Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.W.); (M.P.H.); (T.R.C.); (J.M.L.)
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Gao J, Marins TN, Calix JOS, Qi Z, Bernard JK, Tao S. Hormonal and immunological responses of Holstein dairy cows from late lactation to the dry period and from the dry period to early lactation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 83:106790. [PMID: 37060858 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Parturition and dry-off are challenging events for dairy cows partially due to changes in endocrine responses. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate blood concentrations of cortisol and prolactin and their effects on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with or without stimulation by common immune cell mitogens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], and concanavalin A [ConA]) of multiparous dairy cows from late lactation to the dry period and from the dry period to early lactation. Two groups of cows were enrolled: cows from late lactation to the dry period enrolled at 8 d before dry-off (LTD, n = 6, days in milk at dry-off = 332 ± 41 d) and cows from the dry period to early lactation enrolled at 7 d before expected calving date (DTL, n = 7). Blood was collected on d -8, 3, 7, and 15 relatives to dry-off for LTD cows, and on d -7, 3, 7, and 21 relatives to calving for DTL cows to analyze circulating stress hormones and to isolate PBMC. The PBMC were stimulated in vitro with prolactin (PRL), hydrocortisone (HDC), LPS, ConA, PRL + LPS, PRL + ConA, HDC+LPS, and HDC + ConA to assess proliferative responses. Plasma cortisol and PRL concentrations of LTD and DTL cows were not affected by time. Regardless of time, addition of HDC reduced PBMC proliferation stimulated by LPS, but PRL had no effect. No time effect was observed for proliferation of PBMC collected from LTD cows, but PBMC collected at 21 d after calving had higher proliferative responses to LPS and ConA than those from late dry period or early lactation. In conclusion, results from this experiment confirmed the lower PBMC proliferation during the transition period from the final week of gestation to early lactation and suggested that cows transitioning from late lactation to dry period maintained unchanged cell-mediated immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - T N Marins
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - J O S Calix
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Z Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J K Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - S Tao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Cui L, Shao X, Sun W, Zheng F, Dong J, Li J, Wang H, Li J. Anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone through NF-κB and MAPK pathway in lipopolysaccharide- or Escherichia coli-stimulated bovine endometrial stromal cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266144. [PMID: 35476705 PMCID: PMC9045630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infection in dairy cows is commonly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Progesterone elicits immunosuppressive function within bovine endometrium, and has been suggested to be related to postpartum uterine infection. Endometrial stroma is exposed to bacteria due to the disruption of epithelium during parturition, but the effect and mechanism of progesterone on innate immune response of stromal cells has not been reported. This study evaluated the impact of progesterone on inflammatory response of primary endometrial stromal cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed E. coli. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that progesterone repressed mRNA induction of IL1B, IL6, TNF, CXCL8, NOS2, and PTGS2 in stromal cells in response to lipopolysaccharide or E. coli challenge. Consistently, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining results showed that progesterone suppressed lipopolysaccharide- or E. coli-induced MAPK and NF-κB activations characterized with decreased phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK, P38, IκBα, and P65, and inhibition of P65 nuclear translocation. In unstimulated stromal cells, progesterone alone did not affect the mRNA transcription for IL6, TNF, CXCL8, NOS2, and PTGS2, and the signaling cascade of MAPK and NF-κB, but decreased IL1B mRNA expression. These results revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of progesterone in lipopolysaccharide- or E. coli-challenged endometrial stromal cells was probably mediated through MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenye Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fangling Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JL)
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JL)
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Progesterone: A Unique Hormone with Immunomodulatory Roles in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031333. [PMID: 35163255 PMCID: PMC8835837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone is well known for its numerous endocrinologic roles in pregnancy but is also endowed with fascinating immunomodulatory capabilities. It can downregulate the induction of inflammatory reactions, the activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines, which are critical mediators of immune responses. These features appear to be critical to the success of pregnancy, given the ability of maternal immune reactivity to interfere with pregnancy and to contribute to several pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the contribution of maternal immune effectors in general, and cytokines in particular, to pregnancy complications such as recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and preterm labor; it describes the promise offered by supplementation with progesterone and the oral progestogen dydrogesterone, as well as the progesterone-induced blocking factor in the prevention and/or treatment of these serious complications.
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Identification of Pathways Associated with Placental Adaptation to Maternal Nutrient Restriction in Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091031. [PMID: 32887397 PMCID: PMC7565845 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrient restriction impairs placental growth and development, but available evidence suggests that adaptive mechanisms exist, in a subset of nutrient restricted (NR) ewes, that support normal fetal growth and do not result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study utilized Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine and Ovine Genome 1.0 ST Arrays to identify novel placental genes associated with differential fetal growth rates within NR ewes. Singleton pregnancies were generated by embryo transfer and, beginning on Day 35 of pregnancy, ewes received either a 100% National Research Council (NRC) (control-fed group; n = 7) or 50% NRC (NR group; n = 24) diet until necropsy on Day 125. Fetuses from NR ewes were separated into NR non-IUGR (n = 6) and NR IUGR (n = 6) groups based on Day 125 fetal weight for microarray analysis. Of the 103 differentially expressed genes identified, 15 were upregulated and 88 were downregulated in NR non-IUGR compared to IUGR placentomes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that upregulated gene clusters in NR non-IUGR placentomes associated with cell membranes, receptors, and signaling. Downregulated gene clusters associated with immune response, nutrient transport, and metabolism. Results illustrate that placentomal gene expression in late gestation is indicative of an altered placental immune response, which is associated with enhanced fetal growth, in a subpopulation of NR ewes.
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Wilsher S, Greenwood RES, Mahon GD, Allen WR. Placentation and hormonal maintenance of pregnancy in the impala (Aepyceros melampus). Placenta 2020; 95:91-105. [PMID: 32452408 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impala is a widely distributed African ungulate. Detailed studies of the placenta and ovaries in impala undertaken in the 1970s did not address the endocrine functions of the placenta. METHODS The uteri of 25 pregnant impala estimated to be between 49 and 113 days of the 190 day gestation were examined grossly, histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS A single corpus luteum was present in either maternal ovary but the conceptus was always situated in the right uterine horn. The fetal membranes extended to the tips of both uterine horns. The amnion was in intimate contact with, but not fused to, the allantochorion. Placentation was typically ruminant with fetal macrocotyledons attached to the rows of maternal caruncles. The fetal villi were highly branched, especially in the centre of each placentome where the attenuated maternal epithelium lining the placental crypts was absent in some places. Both the corpus luteum and the uninucleate trophoblast cells of the interplacentomal allantochorion stained strongly for 3-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and progestagen concentrations in allantoic and amniotic fluids increased significantly as gestation progressed, with a tendency to do likewise in maternal serum. Binucleate trophoblast cells stained positively for bovine placental lactogen, but neither the placenta nor the maternal corpus luteum showed evidence of oestrogen synthesis. DISCUSSION Despite exhibiting the same basic type of placentation, both the gross and histological structure of the impala placenta, along with its immunohistochemical properties, demonstrates that great variation exists across ruminant placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wilsher
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Bridge No 6, Al Daid Road, Al Atain Area, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - R E S Greenwood
- Syde House, Saxon Street, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 9RU, United Kingdom.
| | - G D Mahon
- 3 Bayside Villas, 14 Bayside Drive, Coopers Beach, Northland, 0420, New Zealand.
| | - W R Allen
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Bridge No 6, Al Daid Road, Al Atain Area, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Cui L, Wang H, Lin J, Wang Y, Dong J, Li J, Li J. Progesterone inhibits inflammatory response in E.coli- or LPS-Stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells by NF-κB and MAPK pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103568. [PMID: 31821816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone suppresses the innate immune function of bovine endometrium, making the uterus susceptible to bacterial infection. The bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEEC) are the first line of defense against bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) that causes inflammation of endometrium through the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progesterone on the inflammatory response and its potential mechanism using E.coli- or LPS-induced BEEC. Concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 ng/mL progesterone were selected. The mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines were determined using qPCR. The activations of NF-κB and MAPK pathways were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. An increase in the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was observed in BEEC treated with progesterone, LPS or E.coli alone. Progesterone inhibited the E.coli- or LPS-induced gene expression of these cytokines. Progesterone treatment alone showed little influence on NF-κB or MAPK pathway. In BEEC stimulated with E.coli or LPS, progesterone inhibited the phosphorylations of IκB, p65, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK, and the translocation of p65 into the nucleus. These results suggested that progesterone has anti-inflammatory effect, which may be mediated by inhibiting NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation in BEEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Bunma T, Vonnahme KA, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Swanson KC, Dorsam ST, Ward AK, Navanukrav C, Grazul-Bilska AT. Nuclear and membrane progesterone receptors expression in placenta from early to late pregnancy in sheep: Effects of restricted nutrition and realimentation. Theriogenology 2020; 148:95-102. [PMID: 32169627 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient restriction and/or realimentation may affect several placental functions, such as expression of selected regulatory factors, blood flow and other processes in sheep and other species. To determine the effects of the plane of nutrition, nulliparous white face ewes (6-8 months) carrying singletons on day 50 of gestation were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments receiving 100% of National Research Council recommendations (control; C) or 60% of C (restricted; R). Two groups remained on C or R diets from day 50 until day 130. From day 90-130 another group of C fed ewes was switched to the R diet, and another group of R fed ewes was switched to the C diet. This resulted in 7 groups (n = 5-6 ewes/group): C (day 50, 90 and 130), R (day 90 and 130), CR (day 130) and RC (day 130). At these time points, placental tissues were collected for the evaluation of progesterone receptor (PGR) protein expression (whole tissue), and mRNA expression in maternal (caruncular, CAR) and fetal (cotyledon, COT) (separated tissues). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (SAS 9.4). Protein for PGRAB and PGRB isoforms was detected using immunohistochemistry in all placental tissues, but the pattern of expression differed depending on pregnancy stage and placental compartment (e.g., CAR vs COT). PGRAB protein expression, quantified using image analysis, was greater (P < 0.04) on day 50 than 90 or 130, and was not affected by plane of nutrition. In CAR and COT, PGRAB mRNA expression was greater (P < 0.05) on day 50 than 90 or 130. PGRB mRNA expression was greater (P < 0.03) in CAR on day 50 than 90 and 130, and was greatest (P < 0.02) in COT on day 50, less on day 130, and least on day 90. For the membrane progesterone receptors, PAQR7 (membrane PGR alpha) mRNA expression was greater (P < 0.05) on days 50 and 90 than 130 in CAR, and greater (P < 0.01) on days 50 than 90 and 130 in COT; PAQR8 (membrane PGR beta) was similar throughout pregnancy in CAR and COT, and PAQR5 (membrane PGR gamma) was greatest (P < 0.0001) on day 130 in COT, but similar throughout pregnancy in CAR. Plane of nutrition affected (P < 0.05) mRNA expression for all genes in CAR and COT throughout pregnancy. These data indicate that expression of PGR in ovine placenta is dependent on stage of pregnancy and plane of nutrition in sheep. The mechanisms of how diet and stage of pregnancy influences placental PGR expression and function remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanya Bunma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center for Sustainable Economy (ANRCE), Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kimberly A Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | | | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Chainarong Navanukrav
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center for Sustainable Economy (ANRCE), Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anna T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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Talukder AK, Marey MA, Shirasuna K, Kusama K, Shimada M, Imakawa K, Miyamoto A. Roadmap to pregnancy in the first 7 days post-insemination in the cow: Immune crosstalk in the corpus luteum, oviduct, and uterus. Theriogenology 2020; 150:313-320. [PMID: 32088048 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first 7 days post-insemination are critical for establishment of pregnancy. The pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge induces ovulation through disruption of the follicle structure that elucidates pro-inflammatory (Th1) responses. Various types of immune cells are recruited into the corpus luteum (CL) to regulate luteal angiogenesis and progesterone (P4) secretion into the circulation to establish pregnancy. The active sperm-uterine crosstalk also induces Th1 responses, mainly via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 signaling pathway in vitro. The endometrial glands serve as sensors for sperm signals, which trigger Th1 responses. Conversely, the sperm-oviduct binding generates anti-inflammatory (Th2) responses to support sperm survival until fertilization. It is well-established that embryo-maternal crosstalk starts after the embryo hatches out from the zona pellucida (ZP). However most recently, it was shown that the 16-cell stage bovine embryo starts to secrete interferon-tau (IFNT) that induces Th2 immune responses in the oviduct. Once developing embryos descend into the uterine horn, they induce Th2 responses with interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in the uterine epithelium and local immune cells mainly via IFNT release. Likewise, multiple embryos in the uterus of superovulated donor cows on D7 post-insemination induce Th2 immune responses with ISGs expressions in circulating immune cells. These findings strongly suggest that the maternal immune system reacts to the embryo during the first 7 days post-insemination to induce fetal tolerance. It became evident that the innate immunity of the developing CL, oviduct, and uterus works together to provide optimal conditions for fertilization and early embryonic development during the first 7 days post-insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Talukder
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan; Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed A Marey
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
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12
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Moore SG, Cummins SB, Mamo S, Lonergan P, Fair T, Butler ST. Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: VI. Oocyte developmental competence and embryo development. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4651-4661. [PMID: 30852009 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that cows with good genetic merit for fertility traits (Fert+) would produce oocytes and embryos of greater quality than cows with poor genetic merit for fertility traits (Fert-) and that mRNA expression of candidate genes would reflect the observed differences in quality. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine the effect of genetic merit for fertility traits on morphological classification and mRNA abundance of key genes in immature oocytes and cumulus cells following ovum pick-up and in embryos following superovulation, artificial insemination (AI), and uterine flushing. In experiment 1, 17 Fert+ and 11 Fert- cows, ranging from 54 to 84 d in milk, were submitted to ovum pick-up on 4 occasions during a 2-wk period. Recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were morphologically graded. Oocytes and cumulus cells were separated, and mRNA abundance of genes associated with oocyte developmental competence was measured. There was no effect of genotype on the distribution of COC grades or on the mRNA abundance of the candidate genes in grade 1 COC. In experiment 2, 20 Fert+ and 19 Fert- cows, ranging from 71 to 189 d in milk, were submitted to superovulation and AI. The uteri of cows that responded to the superovulation protocol (17 Fert+ and 16 Fert- cows) were nonsurgically flushed 7 d postovulation. Recovered embryos were morphologically graded, and mRNA abundance of genes associated with embryo development was measured in grade 1 blastocysts. The response to the superovulation protocol was assessed by counting the number of codominant follicles on the day of AI, which was similar for both genotypes (22.0 ± 9.7 and 19.8 ± 8.2 for Fert+ and Fert- cows, respectively). There was no effect of genotype on the proportion of transferable embryos recovered or on the mRNA abundance of the candidate genes tested in the grade 1 blastocysts. Of the total embryos classified as blastocysts, however, the Fert+ cows tended to have a greater proportion of grade 1 blastocysts compared with Fert- cows (90% vs. 64%, respectively). In conclusion, genetic merit for fertility traits had a no effect on mRNA abundance of the candidate genes that were examined in immature oocytes and cumulus cells and in embryos recovered after superovulation. The observed differences in morphological blastocyst quality following superovulation would suggest that the superior reproductive performance of Fert+ cows could arise during the later stages of embryo development from d 7 until maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Moore
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
| | - S B Cummins
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - S Mamo
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - T Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - S T Butler
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302.
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13
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Piersanti RL, Zimpel R, Molinari PCC, Dickson MJ, Ma Z, Jeong KC, Santos JEP, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. A model of clinical endometritis in Holstein heifers using pathogenic Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2686-2697. [PMID: 30692014 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection of the uterus causes clinical endometritis in 15 to 20% of postpartum dairy cows and reduces fertility, even after the resolution of disease. However, it is difficult to disentangle the mechanisms linking reduced fertility with endometritis because cows have multiple confounding postpartum conditions. The aim of the present experiment was to develop an in vivo model of clinical endometritis in Holstein heifers using pathogenic Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes. Estrous cycles of heifers were synchronized using a 5-d Co-Synch protocol, and subsequently received exogenous progesterone to elevate circulating progesterone at the time of uterine infusion. Endometrial scarification was performed before uterine infusion of live pathogenic Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes, or sterile vehicle. Effects of infusion were evaluated by measuring rectal temperature, plasma haptoglobin, hematology, grading pus in the vaginal mucus, quantifying 16S rRNA in vaginal mucus, and transrectal ultrasonography. Bacterial infusion increased the median vaginal mucus to grade 2 by d 3 postinfusion, and to grade 3 from d 4 to 6 postinfusion. Control heifers maintained a median vaginal mucus grade ≤1 from d 1 to 6. Transrectal ultrasound revealed the accumulation of echogenic fluid in the uterus of heifers following bacterial infusion, which was absent in control heifers. Total 16S rRNA in vaginal mucus was elevated in bacteria-infused heifers compared with control heifers at d 5. Rectal temperature was increased in bacteria-infused heifers. Plasma haptoglobin, general health, and appetite did not differ between groups. As indicated by increased vaginal mucus grade after bacterial infusion and absence of systemic signs of illness, this model successfully induced symptoms resembling clinical endometritis in virgin Holstein heifers. The model allows the isolation of effects of uterine disease on fertility from confounding factors that can occur during the postpartum period in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roney Zimpel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | | | | | - Zhengxin Ma
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | | | - José E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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Wattegedera SR, Doull LE, Goncheva MI, Wheelhouse NM, Watson DM, Pearce J, Benavides J, Palarea-Albaladejo J, McInnes CJ, Ballingall K, Entrican G. Immunological Homeostasis at the Ovine Placenta May Reflect the Degree of Maternal Fetal Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3025. [PMID: 30687304 PMCID: PMC6334339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful mammalian pregnancies are a result of complex physiological, endocrinological, and immunological processes that combine to create an environment where the mother is tolerant to the semi-allogeneic fetus. Our knowledge of the mechanisms that contribute to maternal tolerance is derived mainly from human and murine studies of haemochorial placentation. However, as this is the most invasive type of placentation it cannot be assumed that identical mechanisms apply to the less invasive epitheliochorial placentation found in other species such as ruminants. Here, we examine three features associated with reproductive immune regulation in a transformed ovine trophoblast cell line and ex-vivo ovine reproductive tissues collected at term, namely: major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression, Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) expression, and Natural Killer (NK) cell infiltration. High levels of MHC class I protein expression were detected at the surface of the trophoblast cell line using a pan-MHC class I specific monoclonal antibody. The majority of MHC class I transcripts isolated from the cell line clustered with classical MHC alleles. Transcriptional analysis of placental tissues identified only classical MHC class I transcripts. We found no evidence of constitutive transcription of IDO-1 in either the trophoblast cell line or placental tissues. Ex-vivo tissues collected from the materno-fetal interface were negative for cells expressing NKp46/NCR1. Collectively, these observations suggest that the relatively non-invasive synepitheliochorial placentation found in sheep has a more limited requirement for local immunoregulation compared to the more invasive haemochorial placentation of primates and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Wattegedera
- Vaccines Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Doull
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya I Goncheva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Julian Pearce
- University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Colin J McInnes
- Vaccines Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Ballingall
- Vaccines Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Entrican
- Vaccines Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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15
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Talukder AK, Rashid MB, Takedomi T, Moriyasu S, Imakawa K, Miyamoto A. Day-7 embryos generate an anti-inflammatory immune response in peripheral blood immune cells in superovulated cows. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 81:e13069. [PMID: 30376193 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Recently, we demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that an immunological crosstalk between Day-7 embryo and immune cells exists locally in the uterus in cows. The peripheral immune response to early embryos at Day-7 of pregnancy in cows remains largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the response of peripheral blood immune cells in the presence of multiple Day-7 embryos in the uterus in donor cows of embryo transfer program. METHOD OF STUDY Superovulated cows were either inseminated (n = 13) at 12-18 hours post-estrus or remained without inseminations (n = 6). Blood was collected following insemination (Day-1) and immediately after uterine flushing (Day-7). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood for analysis of gene expression. RESULTS Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs: ISG15 and OAS1) were increased in both PMNs and PBMCs, with up-regulation of PTGES and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGFB1 and IL10) expressions at Day-7 of post-inseminations in cows, when compared to those at Day-7 in non-inseminated cows. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the presence of multiple embryos in the uterus generates an anti-inflammatory immune response in peripheral blood immune cells at Day-7 of pregnancy in cows, which might help to accept semi-allogenic embryo in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Talukder
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad B Rashid
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | | | - Satoru Moriyasu
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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16
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Clancy CS, Van Wettere AJ, Morrey JD, Julander JG. Coitus-Free Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus in a Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15379. [PMID: 30337585 PMCID: PMC6194026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arboviral infection that may be sexually transmitted. The present study aims to determine if accessory sex glands are a potential source of infectious virus and important in sexual transmission. Male interferon type I receptor knockout (Ifnar−/−) mice were challenged subcutaneously with a Puerto Rican ZIKV isolate. Reproductive tissues were harvested seven days after viral challenge and artificial insemination fluid derived from epididymis or homogenized accessory sex glands (seminal plasma) was obtained. Naïve interferon type I and II receptor knockout (AG129) females were pre-treated with progesterone, and inoculated intravaginally with either epididymal flush or seminal plasma from ZIKV-infected males. ZIKV RNA was demonstrated in the artificial insemination fluid and ZIKV antigen was detected in epididymal epithelial cells but not within seminiferous tubules at the time of artificial insemination fluid collection. Peripheral viremia, demonstrated by ZIKV RNA in whole blood samples of females from each challenge group was observed. Infectious virus was present in both epididymal fluid and seminal plasma. These studies provide evidence of passage of virus from epididymal flush and seminal plasma to naïve females via artificial insemination and provides a model for the study of sexual transmission of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S Clancy
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America.,Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - John D Morrey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
| | - Justin G Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America.
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17
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Mandhwani R, Bhardwaz A, Kumar S, Shivhare M, Aich R. Insights into bovine endometritis with special reference to phytotherapy. Vet World 2017; 10:1529-1532. [PMID: 29391697 PMCID: PMC5771181 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1529-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum reproductive disorders cause heavy economic losses in dairy sector. Uterine infections include endometritis, metritis, mucometra, and pyometra. Postpartum endometritis in dairy cows has been defined as inflammation of endometrium occurring 21 days or more after parturition without systemic signs of illness. The treatment of endometritis with antimicrobials has met with varying degrees of success, inconsistent recovery rate, high cost of treatment, milk disposal, emergence of microbial resistance, and reduced phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes In our country, around 20,000 medicinal plant species have been recorded, but more than 500 traditional communities use about 800 plant species for curing different diseases. Many herbs such as garlic, neem, ashwagandha, and turmeric have been tried for the treatment of endometritis in cows with a good success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Mandhwani
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Mhow, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-453446, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anavil Bhardwaz
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Mhow, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-453446, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Mhow, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-453446, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Shivhare
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Mhow, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-453446, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Aich
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Mhow, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 453446, Madhya Pradesh, India
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18
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Gutiérrez-Amézquita R, Morales-Montor J, Muñoz-Guzmán M, Nava-Castro K, Ramírez-Álvarez H, Cuenca-Verde C, Moreno-Mendoza N, Cuéllar-Ordaz J, Alba-Hurtado F. Progesterone inhibits the in vitro L3/L4 molting process in Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2017. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Progesterone inhibits the in vitro L3/L4 molting process in Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2017; 248:48-53. [PMID: 29173541 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the direct effects of progesterone on the morphology, maturation and behavior of Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro. The presence and location of possible progesterone receptors in these larvae were also determined. The addition of 8ng/mL of progesterone to larval cultures over 10days reduced larval enlargement, while the addition of 160ng/mL of the hormone increased the enlargement. Up to 62% and 65% of the H. contortus larvae molted from third-stage larvae (L3) to fourth-stage larvae (L4) when cultured in RPMI-1640 media without hormone for 5 and 10days, respectively. The addition of different progesterone concentrations (1, 8, 16, 80 and 160ng/mL) to the larval cultures significantly inhibited the molting process within the same periods. The addition of 8ng/mL or higher progesterone concentrations to the cultures significantly increased larval motility (p<0.05) compared with unstimulated larvae. Flow cytometry showed the expression of progesterone receptors (P4-R) in 15% of the cells from newly isolated H. contortus larvae. When the larvae were cultured for 5days in the presence of the hormone, the percentage of P4-R+ cells remained the same. In contrast, unstimulated larvae showed a significant reduction in the number of P4-R+ cells. Using confocal microscopy, a greater concentration of P4-Rs was immunolocated in the anterior portion of the alimentary tract of the larvae, suggesting that the cells in this region are targeted by the hormone. The results of the present study show that H. contortus larvae have possible P4-Rs and respond to this hormone by inhibiting their molting process, thereby suggesting the participation of progesterone in the larval arrest phenomenon.
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20
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Ciliberti MG, Francavilla M, Intini S, Albenzio M, Marino R, Santillo A, Caroprese M. Phytosterols from Dunaliella tertiolecta Reduce Cell Proliferation in Sheep Fed Flaxseed during Post Partum. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070216. [PMID: 28684702 PMCID: PMC5532658 DOI: 10.3390/md15070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The post partum period is characterized by immunosuppression and increased disease susceptibility. Both phytosterols from microalga Dunaniella tertiolecta and dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence cell proliferation and cytokine release during inflammation. The objective of this paper was the evaluation of the effects of physterols, extracted and purified from D. tertiolecta, on the in vitro immune responses of ewes supplemented with flaxseed during post partum. Twenty Comisana parturient ewes were divided in two balanced groups, and supplemented with flaxseed (FS, 250 g/day) or fed with a conventional diet (CON). Blood samples (15 mL) were collected for five weeks, starting from lambing, in order to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Stimulated PBMC were treated with a total sterols fraction from D. tertiolecta (TS), a mix of ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol (purified extract, PE), and a mix of acetylated ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol (acetylated purified extract, AcPE), extracted and purified from D. tertiolecta at two concentrations (0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL). Results of the experiment demonstrated that n-3 PUFA from flaxseed induced an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, with an increase of both IL-10, IL-6 and a decrease of IL-1β. TS, PE, and AcPE purified from D. tertiolecta showed an anti-proliferative effect on sheep PBMC regardless their chemical composition and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Francavilla
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council, Arsenale Castello, 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Simona Intini
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy.
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21
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González-Jaranay M, Téllez L, Roa-López A, Gómez-Moreno G, Moreu G. Periodontal status during pregnancy and postpartum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178234. [PMID: 28538740 PMCID: PMC5438174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Different studies have documented an association between periodontal disease and low birth-weight delivery. Hence, knowledge of periodontal status during pregnancy and postpartum is important in order to reduce the risks of both diseases. This study aimed to analyze periodontal status at successive stages of pregnancy and 3–6 weeks postpartum in women with initial periodontal alterations. Materials and methods Ninety-six pregnant women were examined at 8–10 weeks (pregnancy diagnosis, baseline), 21–23 weeks and 34–36 weeks of gestation and at 40 days postpartum to record plaque scores, clinically assessed gingival inflammation and probing depth (mean depth and % sites with depth >3 mm). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Type 1 (α) error was established at 0.05 Results Plaque Index increased (p = 0.043) throughout pregnancy (baseline, 42%±0.18); 21–23 weeks, 42.6%±0.14; 34–36 weeks, 45.6%±0.13 and decreased postpartum (44.8%±0–13). Gingival Index increased (p<0.001) throughout pregnancy (baseline, 56.7%±0.20; 21–23 weeks, 66.36%±0.17; 34–36 weeks, 74.5%±0.18) and decreased postpartum (59.3%±0.21). Probing Depth increased (p<0.001) throughout pregnancy (baseline, 2.51±0.05; 21–23 weeks, 2.63±0.053; 34–36 weeks 2.81±0.055) and decreased postpartum (2.54±0.049). Percentage of sites with Probing Depth >3 mm increased (p<0.001) throughout pregnancy (baseline, 17.6%±0.16; 21–23 weeks, 23.9%±0.17; 34–36 weeks, 31.1%±0.17) and decreased postpartum (21.2%±0.17) but remained significantly (p<0.02) higher than at baseline. Conclusion Periodontal status deteriorates during gestation but improves postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Téllez
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada University, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Roa-López
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada University, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada University, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo Moreu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada University, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Tekin S, Padua MB, Brad AM, Rhodes ML, Hansen PJ. Expression and Properties of Recombinant Ovine Uterine Serpin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:1313-22. [PMID: 16946400 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine uterine serpin (OvUS) is produced in the uterus of sheep under the influence of progesterone. It weakly inhibits pepsin and reduces proliferation of lymphocytes, tumor cell lines, and preimplantation embryos. When purified from uterine fluid, the concentration required for its antiproliferative effect in vitro is ~0.25–1 mg/ml. Here we show that recombinant (r) OvUS is a more potent regulator of cell proliferation than native (n) OvUS purified from uterine fluid. To produce rOvUS, RNA was extracted from endometrium from a pregnant ewe and cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers. The purified OvUS cDNA was inserted into the ampicillin-resistant plasmid vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO. The plasmid was introduced into the TOP10 Escherichia coli strain, purified, and used for transfection of Freestyle 293-F cells. Digestion of rOvUS with protein N-glycosidase F confirmed that rOvUS was N-glycosylated. Both rOvUS and nOvUS inhibited proliferation of phytohemagglutin-activated sheep lymphocytes and the P388D1 mouse lymphoma and PC-3 prostate cell lines. Inhibition was greater for rOvUS than for nOvUS, and concentrations as low as 15 μg/ml rOvUS were effective at reducing lymphocyte proliferation. Addition of rOvUS to fertilized bovine embryos reduced the cleavage rate and the percentage of embryos that became blastocysts. Native OvUS did not affect cleavage rate and had a smaller effect on development to the blastocyst stage. Experiments demonstrate that OvUS is a more potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and embryonic development than previously believed and add credence to the putative role for the protein in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saban Tekin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
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Brosnahan MM, Silvela EJ, Crumb J, Miller DC, Erb HN, Antczak DF. Ectopic Trophoblast Allografts in the Horse Resist Destruction by Secondary Immune Responses. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:135. [PMID: 27760752 PMCID: PMC5315430 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive trophoblast from Day 34 horse conceptuses survives in extrauterine sites in allogeneic recipients that are immunologically naive to donor major histocompatibility complex class I antigens. The ectopic trophoblast retains its in utero characteristics, including similar lifespan, physiologic effect of its secreted product (equine chorionic gonadotropin) upon the recipient's ovaries, and induction of host immune responses. Immunologic memory has not been considered previously in this experimental system. We hypothesized that primary exposure to ectopic trophoblast would affect the recipient's immune status such that the survival time of subsequent transplants would be altered. Secondary transplant lifespans could be shortened by destructive memory responses, as has been observed in ectopic trophoblast studies in rodents, or lengthened, as occurs when male skin grafts follow multiple syngeneic pregnancies in mice. Eight mares received two closely spaced trophoblast transplants. Both grafts for each recipient were obtained from conceptuses sired by the same stallion to provide consistency in histocompatibility antigen exposure. Donor stallions were major histocompatibility complex class I homozygotes. Cytotoxic antibody production was tracked to monitor recipients' immune responses to the transplants. Detection of serum equine chorionic gonadotropin was used as a proxy for transplant lifespan. There was no significant difference between the distributions of primary and secondary transplant lifespans, despite evidence of immunologic memory. These data demonstrate that secondary ectopic trophoblast transplants in horses do not experience earlier destruction or prolonged survival following immune priming of recipients. Mechanisms responsible for the eventual demise of the transplants remain unperturbed by secondary immune responses or chronic antigenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Brosnahan
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Emily J Silvela
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jessica Crumb
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Donald C Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Hollis N Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Douglas F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
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Korzekwa AJ, Szczepańska A, Bogdaszewski M, Nadolski P, Malż P, Giżejewski Z. Production of prostaglandins in placentae and corpus luteum in pregnant hinds of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Theriogenology 2015; 85:762-8. [PMID: 26553568 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are synthesized from arachidonic acid by prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2) and specific terminal PG synthases such as PGES and PGFS. The role of PGs in the reproductive processes of domestic ruminants is well recognized, whereas in cervidae, it is almost unknown, although it is noteworthy because some species of this family are valued in meat production and trophies. The aim of this study was to determine an effective marker of pregnancy and investigate the production and secretion of PGs in placenta and CL tissue in pregnancy. In the preliminary experiment, the levels of progesterone and 17-β estradiol (RIA; N = 14 divided into seven pregnant and seven nonpregnant hinds) were measured in the peripheral blood. In the main experiment, a comparison of messenger RNA (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and protein expression (Western blotting) of PTGS2, PGES, and PGFS, the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2α in the placentae and CL in pregnant hinds (aged 3-4 years, ca. 100 days of pregnancy, N = 6). In pregnant hinds, the level of progesterone in the blood was higher than that in nonpregnant hinds (P < 0.05), whereas the level of E2 was similar in all animals (P > 0.05). The highest messenger RNA expression of PTGS2, PGES, and PGFS was observed in the placentae than in the CL (P < 0.05). The protein expression of PTGS2 and PGES was elevated in the placentae compared with the CL (P < 0.05). The PGE2 output was the highest in cotyledonary tissue (P < 0.05). Pregnancy development in hinds around 100 days is regulated by arachidonic acid metabolites, especially PGE2 produced by the placentae, which production increases in pregnancy. Further studies are required to unravel the mechanisms involved in the regulation of PG and biosynthetic enzymes in uteroplacental and ovarian tissues during pregnancy in red deer females.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Korzekwa
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A Szczepańska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Bogdaszewski
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Station in Kosewo, Kosewo Górne 7, 11-700 Mragowo, Poland
| | - P Nadolski
- Kowalik Forestry, Forest Inspectorate Maskulińskie, Poland
| | - P Malż
- Czapla Forestry, Forest Inspectorate Maskulińskie, Poland
| | - Z Giżejewski
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Association of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate and Risk of Infection. Obstet Gynecol 2015; 126:103-8. [PMID: 26241262 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate is associated with the rate of peripartum infection in women who deliver preterm and their neonates. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who delivered before 37 weeks of gestation at a tertiary care hospital between July 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012. Women in the case group (women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate) were matched to women in a control group (unexposed patients) by gestational age and delivery date. The primary outcome was a composite infection rate comprising histologic or clinical chorioamnionitis, endometritis, or early-onset neonatal sepsis. To detect a 15% difference in composite infection rate between women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and those unexposed (two-tailed α=0.05 and power=80%), 183 patients per group were required. Logistic regression was performed to control for a history of prior spontaneous preterm birth and exposure to betamethasone. RESULTS The primary outcome frequency for women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was 34.6% (64 patients) compared with 33% (61 patients) in those unexposed (P=.74). There was no significant difference between women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and those unexposed in frequency of clinical chorioamnionitis (1.9% compared with 1.1%, P=.66), histologic chorioamnionitis (39.4% compared with 40%, P=.92), or early-onset neonatal sepsis (2.7% compared with 1.1%, P=.28). A total of 7.1% of women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate developed endometritis compared with 2.7% of those unexposed (P=.05). The adjusted odds ratio for the primary outcome in women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.31-1.38). CONCLUSION Exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate does not increase the risk of peripartum infection among women who deliver preterm or their neonates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Ruiz-González I, Minten M, Wang X, Dunlap KA, Bazer FW. Involvement of TLR7 and TLR8 in conceptus development and establishment of pregnancy in sheep. Reproduction 2015; 149:305-16. [PMID: 25602033 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the innate immune system and regulate inflammatory events that affect mammalian reproduction. In Study 1, we demonstrated that abundance of ovine TLR1-TLR9 mRNAs in the uterus differs due to reproductive status (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8) and the day of the estrous cycle and pregnancy (TLR1-TLR3, TLR5-TLR7, and TLR9). Expression of TLR7 and TLR8 proteins was localized primarily to uterine epithelia and stroma and regulated in a temporal manner. In Study 2, we determined that ovine conceptuses express TLR7 and TLR8 on all days studied and that expression of the envelope protein of ovine endogenous retrovirus (enJSRV-Env) declined in conceptus trophectoderm from Day 13 to Day 16 of pregnancy. In Study 3, loss-of-function experiments were conducted in vivo using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MAOs) injected into the uterine lumen to block synthesis of TLR7 and TLR8 proteins, individually and jointly. Conceptuses were recovered on Day 16 to assess their morphology. MAO-treated conceptuses were developmentally retarded, produced less interferon tau (IFNT), and had fewer binucleate cells (BNCs) compared with MAO-Controls. Moreover, expression of enJSRV-Env mRNA in MAO-TLR7 conceptuses was greater than that for MAO-Control and MAO-TLR8 conceptuses, but similar to MAO-TLR7/TLR8 conceptuses. Results of this study indicated differences in TLR1-TLR9 expression due to reproductive status and the day of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. TLR7 and TLR8 also influence development, enJSRV-Env abundance, secretion of IFNT, and formation of BNCs by conceptuses. These findings corroborate our hypothesis that TLR7 and TLR8 mediate pathways whereby enJSRV-Env regulates key peri-implantation events in conceptus development and differentiated functions of trophectoderm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruiz-González
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M University, Room 442 Kleberg, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Megan Minten
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M University, Room 442 Kleberg, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M University, Room 442 Kleberg, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Kathrin A Dunlap
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M University, Room 442 Kleberg, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M University, Room 442 Kleberg, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
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Brodzki P, Kostro K, Brodzki A, Niemczuk K, Lisiecka U. Cytometric analysis of surface molecules of leucocytes and phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages in cows with pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:858-64. [PMID: 25124985 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyometra is a serious problem in dairy cow herds, causing large economic losses due to infertility. The development of pyometra depends mainly on the immunological status of the cow. The aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of selected indicators involving non-specific and specific immunity in cows with pyometra and in cows without inflammation of the uterus. The study was performed in 20 cows, which were divided into two groups: pyometra group and healthy group, each comprising 10 cows, based on the results of cytological and ultrasonographic tests. A flow cytometric analysis was performed for the surface molecules CD4, CD8, CD14, CD21, CD25 and CD4(+) CD25(+) on leucocytes, and the phagocytic activity was determined from granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood and uterine washings, respectively. It was demonstrated that the percentage of phagocytic granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages in both the peripheral blood and uterine washings was significantly lower in cows with pyometra compared with the healthy group (p < 0.001). Significantly (p ≤ 0.001) lower percentage of CD4(+) , CD14(+) , CD25(+) and CD4(+) CD25(+) phenotype leucocytes was also observed in the peripheral blood of cows from the pyometra group, along with a significantly higher (p < 0.001) percentage of CD8(+) and CD21(+) lymphocytes as compared to the healthy group. The results of work indicate that disfunction of cell immunity coexisting with pyometra may be caused by a bacterial infection and the presence of blocking agents (IL-10), released by the increasing number of CD8(+) lymphocytes what leads to the advanced inflammation of uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Peltier MR, Arita Y, Klimova NG, Gurzenda EM, Koo HC, Murthy A, Lerner V, Hanna N. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) enhances placental inflammation. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 98:10-20. [PMID: 23642494 PMCID: PMC3752305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality that is often associated with ascending infections from the lower genital tract. Recent studies with animal models have suggested that developmental exposure to the environmental toxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can increase the risk of preterm birth in the offspring. How TCDD may modify placental immunity to ascending infections is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of TCDD treatment on basal and Escherichia coli-stimulated cytokine production by placental explants. Cultures of second-trimester placentas were treated with up to 40 nM TCDD for 72 h and then stimulated with 10(7)CFU/ml E. coli for an additional 24h. Concentrations of cytokines and PGE2 were measured in conditioned medium by immunoassay. TCDD exposure increased mRNA levels of IL-1β by unstimulated cultures, but no effects on protein levels of this cytokine were detected. TNF-α production was unaffected by TCDD for unstimulated cultures, but pre-treatment with 40 nM TCDD significantly increased E. coli-stimulated TNF-α production. Both basal and bacteria-stimulated PGE2 and COX-2 gene expression were enhanced by TCDD pretreatment. In contrast, production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was reduced by TCDD pretreatment for both unstimulated and E. coli-stimulated cultures. No effect of TCDD on the viability of the cultures was detected. These results suggest that TCDD exposure may shift immunity to enhance a proinflammatory phenotype at the maternal-fetal interface that could increase the risk of infection-mediated preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R. Peltier
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Natalia G. Klimova
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Ellen M. Gurzenda
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Hchi-Chi Koo
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | | | - Veronica Lerner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bellevieu Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
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Harper M, Li L, Zhao Y, Klebanoff MA, Thorp JM, Sorokin Y, Varner MW, Wapner RJ, Caritis SN, Iams JD, Carpenter MW, Peaceman AM, Mercer BM, Sciscione A, Rouse DJ, Ramin SM, Anderson GD. Change in mononuclear leukocyte responsiveness in midpregnancy and subsequent preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121:805-811. [PMID: 23635681 PMCID: PMC3830536 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e3182878a80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations of change in immune response with preterm delivery, omega-3 supplementation, and fish diet. METHODS This was an ancillary study to a randomized trial of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth. In vitro maternal peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, was measured at 16-22 weeks of gestation (baseline) and again at 25-28 weeks of gestation (follow-up) among women with prior spontaneous preterm birth. Changes in concentrations from baseline to follow-up ([INCREMENT]) were compared separately among groups defined by gestational age category at delivery, fish diet history, and omega-3 compared with placebo treatment assignment with Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Interleukin-10 [INCREMENT] differed by gestational age category among 292 women with paired assays. Concentrations increased less in women delivering between 35 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation (48.9 pg/mL) compared with women delivering at term (159.3 pg/mL) and decreased by 65.2 pg/mL in women delivering before 35 weeks of gestation (P=.01). Tumor necrosis factor-α Δ also differed by gestational age category among 319 women, but the pattern was inconsistent. Those delivering between 35 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation exhibited decreased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α at follow-up compared with baseline (-356.0 pg/mL); concentrations increased among women delivering before 35 weeks of gestation and those delivering at term, 132.1 and 86.9 pg/mL (P=.03). Interleukin-10 Δ and tumor necrosis factor-α Δ were unaffected by either omega-3 supplementation or fish diet. CONCLUSION Recurrent preterm birth was associated with decreased peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte production of interleukin-10 in response to a stimulus during the second trimester. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00135902. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Harper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Liwu Li
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington DC
| | - Mark A. Klebanoff
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - John M. Thorp
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian M. Mercer
- Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Susan M. Ramin
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Morel O, Laporte-Broux B, Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. The use of ruminant models in biomedical perinatal research. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1763-73. [PMID: 22925634 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are of critical importance in biomedical research. Although rodents and lagomorphs are the most commonly used species, larger species are required, especially when surgical approaches or new medical devices have to be evaluated. In particular, in the field of perinatal medicine, they are critical for the evaluation of new pharmacologic treatments and the development of new invasive procedures in fetuses. In some areas, such as developmental genetics, reproductive biotechnologies and metabolic programming, the contribution of ruminants is essential. The current report focuses on some of the most outstanding examples of great biomedical advances carried out with ruminant models in the field of perinatal research. Experiments recently carried in our research unit using ruminants are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Morel
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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31
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Sandra O, Mansouri-Attia N, Lea RG. Novel aspects of endometrial function: a biological sensor of embryo quality and driver of pregnancy success. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:68-79. [PMID: 22394719 DOI: 10.1071/rd11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy depends on complex biological processes that are regulated temporally and spatially throughout gestation. The molecular basis of these processes have been examined in relation to gamete quality, early blastocyst development and placental function, and data have been generated showing perturbations of these developmental stages by environmental insults or embryo biotechnologies. The developmental period falling between the entry of the blastocyst into the uterine cavity to implantation has also been examined in terms of the biological function of the endometrium. Indeed several mechanisms underlying uterine receptivity, controlled by maternal factors, and the maternal recognition of pregnancy, requiring conceptus-produced signals, have been clarified. Nevertheless, recent data based on experimental perturbations have unveiled unexpected biological properties of the endometrium (sensor/driver) that make this tissue a dynamic and reactive entity. Persistent or transient modifications in organisation and functionality of the endometrium can dramatically affect pre-implantation embryo trajectory through epigenetic alterations with lasting consequences on later stages of pregnancy, including placentation, fetal development, pregnancy outcome and post-natal health. Developing diagnostic and prognostic tools based on endometrial factors may enable the assessment of maternal reproductive capacity and/or the developmental potential of the embryo, particularly when assisted reproductive technologies are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sandra
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Ma AT, Zhong XH, Liu ZM, Shi WY, Du J, Zhai XH, Zhang T, Meng LG. Protective Effects of Baicalin against Bromocriptine Induced Abortion in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 37:85-95. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09006709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese herbal medicine Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae) had been used for restless fetus for hundreds of years in China, however, little attention had been given to the components of the herb, specifically its ability to exert abortion-preventing effects at the maternal fatal interface. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of baicalin and the possible mechanisms on pregnancies. Baicalin (at 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg BW respectively) was gavaged to bromocriptine-treated mice from gestation day (GD) 1 through GD 7. Abortion rates were calculated and the changes of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and progesterone were assayed on different gestation days. Results showed that the embryonic death rates were significantly decreased in groups supplemented with 20 or 50 mg/kg BW of baicalin, accompanied with reduced IFN-γ and enhanced progesterone contents. Moreover, the highest levels of IFN-γ appeared on GD 5 both in the control and in baicalin treated groups. It is concluded that baicalin can exert an anti-abortive effect by cutting down the production of IFN-γ and elevating the levels of progesterone in a dose dependent manner and IFN-γ is involved in an inflammatory reaction which is beneficial for a successful implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Tuan Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Xiu-Hui Zhong
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Zhan-Min Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Wan-Yu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Jian Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Xiang-He Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Tie Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
| | - Li-Gen Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou City 073000, China
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Maeda Y, Ohtsuka H, Tomioka M, Tanabe T, Nambo Y, Uematsu H, Oikawa MA. Effect of progesterone on the in vitro response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Escherichia coli in mares. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:629-32. [PMID: 22167103 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli(E. coli) isolated from the uterus of a Thoroughbred mare with bacterial endometritis was used to evaluate the effect of progesterone (P(4)) on the immune response of mares. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 10 nonpregnant clinically healthy adult mares (range, 4-12 years) during diestrus, four Thoroughbreds and six Hokkaido native horses. Cell proliferation and expression of cytokine mRNA, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10, of PBMCs stimulated with E. coli and P(4) were examined in vitro. P(4) was shown to have significantly inhibited E. coli induced proliferation and expression of IFN-γ in PBMCs. These results indicate that P(4) inhibits the immune response to E. coli in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Maeda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi 23 Bancho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Pretheeban T, Gordon MB, Singh R, Rajamahendran R. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2010-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pretheeban, T., Gordon, M. B., Singh, R. and Rajamahendran, R. 2011. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 255–264. Pregnancy rates (PR) in high-producing lactating dairy cows have declined drastically over the past several decades, but those of heifers have remained constant. Reduced PR could be due to multiple causes, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. A compromised maternal uterine environment could be one of factors that could affect the PR. This study was performed to compare the nature of the uterine environment in dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows (2nd/3rd parity) by analyzing the expression levels of selected endometrial genes. Estrus was synchronized in heifers (n=5) and lactating dairy cows (n=5) and endometrial biopsies were performed during the mid luteal phase (day 11) of the estrous cycle. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyse the mRNA and protein levels of genes respectively. Relative abundance of BCL2, HSPA1A, IL1A, TNF, IGF1, FGF2 and SERPINA14 transcripts and the protein expression of IL1A, TNF and FGF2 were significantly higher in heifers in comparison with lactating dairy cows. Our findings suggest an altered endometrial environment in lactating dairy cows compared with heifers. However, whether these differences play a role in pregnancy outcomes should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Pretheeban
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - M. B. Gordon
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - R. Singh
- Translational Research Labs, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4N2
| | - R. Rajamahendran
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
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Lopes F, Vannoni A, Sestini S, Casciaro A, Carducci A, Bartolommei S, Toschi P, Ptak G, Cintorino M, Arcuri F. Sheep (Ovis aries) Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: molecular cloning, characterization, tissue distribution and expression in the ewe reproductive tract and in the placenta. Cytokine 2011; 54:315-23. [PMID: 21419644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a pivotal regulator of innate and acquired immunity affecting the response and behavior of macrophages and lymphocytes. However, a number of studies indicated wider physiological functions for this cytokine to include key-roles in reproductive biology. The present study was designed to clone the coding sequence of sheep MIF, to examine the characteristics of the protein in vitro, and to evaluate its expression in sheep tissues and in the ewe reproductive tract in vivo. Ovine MIF cDNA consisted of 348 nucleotides encoding a 115 amino acids protein with an estimated molecular mass of 12,343 Da and an isoelectric point of 7.68. Sheep MIF shared high amino acid identity with the other mammalian MIF family members and showed parallel functions to human MIF, displaying enzymatic oxoreductase activity and inducing monocyte transmigration. Expression studies detected a MIF transcript in all the sheep tissues examined. Among reproductive tissues, MIF mRNA and protein were detected in the ovary, oviduct, uterus and placenta. These results indicate that sheep MIF shares crucial features with other MIF family members and delineate its potential involvement in several aspects of ovine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lopes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Kandasamy S, Jain A, Kumar R, Agarwal SK, Joshi P, Mitra A. Molecular characterization and expression profile of uterine serpin (SERPINA14) during different reproductive phases in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Uterine serpins (recently designated as SERPINA14) are hormonally induced proteins secreted in large quantities by the endometrial epithelium during pregnancy. The SERPINA14 proteins belong to the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, but their apparent lack of inhibitory activity toward serine proteinases suggests that these proteins evolved a different function from the anti-proteinase activity typically found in most members of the serpin superfamily. The gene is present in a limited group of mammals in the Laurasiatheria superorder (ruminants, horses, pigs, dolphins and some carnivores) while being absent in primates, rodents, lagomorphs and marsupials. Thus, the gene is likely to have evolved by gene duplication after divergence of Laurasiatheria and to play an important role in pregnancy. That role may vary between species. In sheep, SERPINA14 probably serves an immunoregulatory role to prevent rejection of the fetal allograft. It is inhibitory to lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell function. In the pig, SERPINA14 is involved in iron transport to the fetus by binding to and stabilizing the iron-binding protein uteroferrin. It is possible that SERPINA14 has undergone divergence in function since the original emergence of the gene in a common ancestor of species possessing SERPINA14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Padua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0294, USA.
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Bech-Sàbat G, García-Ispierto I, Yániz J, López-Gatius F. Therapeutic Approaches to Pregnancy Loss of Non-infectious Cause During the Late Embryonic/Early Foetal Period in Dairy Cattle. A Review. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:e469-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Padua MB, Hansen PJ. Changes in expression of cell-cycle-related genes in PC-3 prostate cancer cells caused by ovine uterine serpin. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:1182-8. [PMID: 19530225 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hormonal-regulated serpin, ovine uterine serpin (OvUS), also called uterine milk protein (UTMP), inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells by blocking cell-cycle progression. The present aim was to identify cell-cycle-related genes regulated by OvUS in PC-3 cells using the quantitative human cell-cycle RT(2) Profiler PCR array. Cells were cultured +/-200 microg/ml recombinant OvUS (rOvUS) for 12 and 24 h. At 12 h, rOvUS increased expression of three genes related to cell-cycle checkpoints and arrest (CDKN1A, CDKN2B, and CCNG2). Also, 14 genes were down-regulated including genes involved in progression through S (MCM3, MCM5, PCNA), M (CDC2, CKS2, CCNH, BIRC5, MAD2L1, MAD2L2), G(1) (CDK4, CUL1, CDKN3) and DNA damage checkpoint and repair genes RAD1 and RBPP8. At 24 h, rOvUS decreased expression of 16 genes related to regulation and progression through M (BIRC5, CCNB1, CKS2, CDK5RAP1, CDC20, E2F4, MAD2L2) and G(1) (CDK4, CDKN3, TFDP2), DNA damage checkpoints and repair (RAD17, BRCA1, BCCIP, KPNA2, RAD1). Also, rOvUS down-regulated the cell proliferation marker gene MKI67, which is absent in cells at G(0). Results showed that OvUS blocks cell-cycle progression through upregulation of cell-cycle checkpoint and arrest genes and down-regulation of genes involved in cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Padua
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0910, USA
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40
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Ulbrich SE, Frohlich T, Schulke K, Englberger E, Waldschmitt N, Arnold GJ, Reichenbach HD, Reichenbach M, Wolf E, Meyer HH, Bauersachs S. Evidence for Estrogen-Dependent Uterine Serpin (SERPINA14) Expression During Estrus in the Bovine Endometrial Glandular Epithelium and Lumen1. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:795-805. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.075184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Akalin FA, Baltacioğlu E, Alver A, Karabulut E. Total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in pregnant women with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80:457-67. [PMID: 19254130 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of reduced antioxidant (AO) defense in periodontitis and pregnancy and adverse interactions between periodontitis and pregnancy. METHODS In this study, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) total AO capacity (TAOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme concentrations in pregnant patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were compared to those in non-pregnant patients. Periodontal examinations were performed and GCF/serum samples were obtained from 33 pregnant patients with CP (PCP), 18 pregnant patients with gingivitis (PG), and 21 periodontally healthy pregnant controls (P-controls), monitored in the first and third trimesters; 27 non-pregnant women with CP; and 25 non-pregnant control women. The concentrations of TAOC (automated measurement method) and SOD (spectrophotometric method) were determined. RESULTS Periodontal parameters were higher in pregnant patients versus non-pregnant patients and in the CP group compared to controls, whereas TAOC and SOD concentrations were lower (P <0.05). All parameters, except plaque index, increased in pregnant subjects in the third trimester compared to the first trimester, whereas TAOC and SOD levels decreased (P <0.05). Periodontal parameters were highest and TAOC and SOD levels were lowest in the PCP group in the third trimester (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Systemic and local GCF AO levels decreased in pregnancy and periodontitis, and AO defense reached the lowest levels in the last phase of pregnancy, whereas periodontal status deteriorated. These results suggest that reduced AO capacity may be associated with adverse periodontitis-pregnancy interactions, and each situation can be a provocative risk factor for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Alev Akalin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Epple-Farmer J, Debeb BG, Smithies O, Binas B. Gender-dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells in liver. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:769-76. [PMID: 19523327 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x470856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the well-known phenomenon of trophoblast immune privilege, trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) might be expected to be immune privileged, which could be of interest for cell or gene therapies. Yet in the ectopic sites tested so far, TSC transplants fail to show noticeable immune privilege and seem to lack physiological support. However, we show here that after portal venous injection, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled TSCs survive for several months in the livers of allogeneic female but not male mice. Gonadectomy experiments revealed that this survival does not require the presence of ovarian hormones but does require the absence of testicular factors. By contrast, GFP-labeled allogeneic embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are reliably rejected; however, these same ESCs survive when mixed with unlabeled TSCs. The protective effect does not require immunological compatibility between ESCs and TSCs. Tumors were not observed in animals with either successfully engrafted TSCs or coinjected ESCs. We conclude that in a suitable hormonal context and location, ectopic TSCs can exhibit and confer immune privilege. These findings suggest applications in cell and gene therapy as well as a new model for studying trophoblast immunology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Epple-Farmer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Protective adaptive immunity to Chlamydophila abortus infection and control of ovine enzootic abortion (OEA). Vet Microbiol 2009; 135:112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zuluaga JF, Williams GL. High-pressure steam sterilization of previously used CIDR inserts enhances the magnitude of the acute increase in circulating progesterone after insertion in cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 107:30-5. [PMID: 17629424 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) in ovariectomized cows receiving (1) new, (2) re-used disinfected (DIS), and (3) re-used autoclaved (AC) controlled internal drug release (CIDR) inserts. Five ovariectomized (OVX) beef cows were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 7 days, with at least 48 h between periods. All re-used CIDR had been inserted previously in beef cows for 7 days. Upon removal, CIDR used for the DIS treatment were washed thoroughly and soaked in a chlorhexidine gluconate solution (0.03%) for 2h, rinsed thoroughly with water and air-dried. For the AC treatment, CIDR were not soaked in disinfectant but were steam sterilized at 121 degrees C and 724 mmHg for 20 min before use. Blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 180, and 480 min relative to time of insertion of CIDR, daily until day 7, and at 30, 60, and 180 min relative to time of removal for radioimmunoassay of P4. Mean serum concentrations (ng/mL) of P4 during the 7-day period of insertion were greater (P<0.03) for new (3.7+/-0.2) and AC (3.4+/-0.3) than for DIS CIDR (2.8+/-0.2). These effects were created primarily by differences occurring during the first 8h after CIDR insertion. Within this interval, mean concentrations (ng/mL) differed (P<0.05) among all groups, but values for AC (6.0+/-0.7) exceeded both new (4.6+/-0.5) and DIS (2.7+/-0.3) markedly. Autoclaving may be the best option when re-using CIDR inserts because it creates greater concentrations of P4 immediately after insertion and reduces maximally the risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Zuluaga
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research Station, 3507 Hwy 59E, Beeville, TX 78102-8571, USA
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Wattegedera S, Rocchi M, Sales J, Howard CJ, Hope JC, Entrican G. Antigen-specific peripheral immune responses are unaltered during normal pregnancy in sheep. J Reprod Immunol 2008; 77:171-8. [PMID: 17826845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A shift in the balance of T(Helper) (T(H))1/T(H)2 cytokine production by maternal peripheral blood leukocytes is regarded as a common important feature of successful mammalian pregnancy. Although the phenomenon has been studied extensively in animals with invasive hemochorial placentae, the paradigm has not been studied in detail in species with less-invasive placentae, such as sheep that have a synepitheliochorial placenta. Sixteen sheep were immunised with the nominal antigen chicken egg albumin (Ova) and antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses were established in all sheep. The 16 sheep were synchronised, 11 were mated and successfully conceived, the remaining 5 served as non-pregnant controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated approximately every 2 weeks and restimulated in vitro with either Ova or the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (ConA), and cell proliferation and cytokine production measured. There were no detectable differences in antigen-driven PBMC proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10 production between pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. Also, there were no appreciable differences in ConA-induced IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-10 between the groups. These data suggest that a shift in T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine production does not occur in pregnant sheep and indicate that further comparative reproductive immunology studies on species with non-invasive placentation will be informative of materno-fetal interactions and immune regulation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wattegedera
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK.
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Padua MB, Hansen PJ. Regulation of DNA synthesis and the cell cycle in human prostate cancer cells and lymphocytes by ovine uterine serpin. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9:5. [PMID: 18218135 PMCID: PMC2254604 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine serpins are members of the serine proteinase inhibitor superfamily. Like some other serpins, these proteins do not appear to be functional proteinase inhibitors. The most studied member of the group, ovine uterine serpin (OvUS), inhibits proliferation of several cell types including activated lymphocytes, bovine preimplantation embryos, and cell lines for lymphoma, canine primary osteosarcoma and human prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. The goal for the present study was to evaluate the mechanism by which OvUS inhibits cell proliferation. In particular, it was tested whether inhibition of DNA synthesis in PC-3 cells involves cytotoxic actions of OvUS or the induction of apoptosis. The effect of OvUS in the production of the autocrine and angiogenic cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 by PC-3 cells was also determined. Finally, it was tested whether OvUS blocks specific steps in the cell cycle using both PC-3 cells and lymphocytes. Results Recombinant OvUS blocked proliferation of PC-3 cells at concentrations as low as 8 μg/ml as determined by measurements of [3H]thymidine incorporation or ATP content per well. Treatment of PC-3 cells with OvUS did not cause cytotoxicity or apoptosis or alter interleukin-8 secretion into medium. Results from flow cytometry experiments showed that OvUS blocked the entry of PC-3 cells into S phase and the exit from G2/M phase. In addition, OvUS blocked entry of lymphocytes into S phase following activation of proliferation with phytohemagglutinin. Conclusion Results indicate that OvUS acts to block cell proliferation through disruption of the cell cycle dynamics rather than induction of cytotoxicity or apoptosis. The finding that OvUS can regulate cell proliferation makes this one of only a few serpins that function to inhibit cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Padua
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA.
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Azawi OI. Postpartum uterine infection in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 105:187-208. [PMID: 18280065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections results from uterine contamination with bacteria during parturition. The prevalence of uterine infections varies considerably among studies. Uterine infection implies adherence of pathogenic organisms to the mucosa, colonization or penetration of the epithelium, and/or release of bacterial toxins that lead to establishment of uterine disease. The development of uterine disease depends on the immune response of the cow, as well as the species and number (load or challenge) of bacteria. The postpartum uterus has a disrupted surface epithelium in contact with fluid and tissue debris that can support bacterial growth. A variety of species of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes, can be isolated from the early postpartum uterus. Most of these are environmental contaminants that are gradually eliminated during the first 6 weeks postpartum. A normal postpartum cow resolves uterine infection by rapid involution of the uterus and cervix, discharge of uterine content, and mobilization of natural host defenses, including mucus, antibodies and phagocytic cells. Clinical signs of uterine infection vary with the virulence of the causative organisms and the presence of factors that predispose to the disease. The treatment of endometritis and metritis in bovine should be directed towards improving fertility. The antibiotic should be active against the main uterine pathogens and should maintain its activity in the environment of the uterus. Also, should not inhibit the normal defense mechanisms and should be well tolerated and not induce irritation in the endometrium. Effective use of hormones in uterine infection requires knowledge of both normal reproductive endocrinology and the therapeutic characteristics of available hormonal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Azawi
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
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Song G, Bazer FW, Spencer TE. Pregnancy and interferon tau regulate RSAD2 and IFIH1 expression in the ovine uterus. Reproduction 2007; 133:285-95. [PMID: 17244754 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) encodes a cytoplasmic antiviral protein induced by interferons (IFN). Interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) is a RNA helicase involved in innate immune defense against viruses, growth suppression, and apoptosis. Interferon tau (IFNT), a Type I IFN produced by the peri-implantation ruminant conceptus, acts on the uterine endometrium to signal pregnancy recognition and promote receptivity to implantation. Transcriptional profiling identified RSAD2 and IFIH1 as IFNT regulated genes in the ovine uterine endometrium. This study tested the hypothesis that RSAD2 and IFIH1 were induced in the endometrium in a cell type-specific manner by IFNT from the conceptus during early pregnancy. Endometrial RSAD2 and IFIH1 mRNA increased between days 12 and 16 of pregnancy, but not of the estrous cycle. In pregnant ewes, RSAD2 and IFIH1 mRNAs increased in endometrial glands, and stroma and immune cells, but not in the luminal epithelium. Neither gene was expressed in the trophectoderm of day 18 or 20 conceptuses. Progesterone (P4) treatment of ovariectomized ewes did not induce expression RSAD2 or IFIH1 mRNA in the endometrium; however, intrauterine injections of IFNT induced expression of RSAD2 and IFIH1 mRNA in endometria of ewes treated with P4, as well as in ewes treated with P4 and the progesterone receptor antagonist, ZK 136,317. These results indicate that conceptus IFNT induces both RSAD2 and IFIH1 in a P4-independent manner in the ovine uterine endometrium. These two IFNT-stimulated genes are proposed to have biological roles in the establishment of uterine receptivity to the conceptus during implantation through induction of an antiviral state and modulation of local immune cells in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwonhwa Song
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, 442 Kleberg Center, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
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Ghasemzadeh-Nava H, Kohsari H, Tajik P. Maintenance of pregnancy in repeat breeder dairy cows by CIDR administration after breeding. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:2402-2406. [PMID: 19070164 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2402.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two periods of P4 therapy by CIDR on the 1st service Conception Rate (CR) of repeat breeder dairy cows. The cows were selected on the following basis: absence of dystocia, retained placenta and endometritis after the last parturition. They were inseminated according to the AM/PM rule relative to estrus onset and randomly assigned into 3 groups: (A) CIDR on day 5 after insemination that was removed on day 9 of the cycle (n = 40); (B) CIDR on day 5 after insemination that was removed on day 19 of the cycle (n = 36) and (C) untreated controls (n = 40). Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted by rectal palpation 45-55 days after AI in cows not observed in estrus. The difference in CR among the groups was analyzed by chi square analysis. The CR in groups A, B and C was 55, 41.7 and 30%, respectively and was greater (p<0.05) in treatment (A) cows than in control cows. In conclusion, repeat breeder cows in groups A and B benefited from progesterone supplementation, but significant effects of treatment for improvement of conception rate was seen in short treatment period (4 days treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ghasemzadeh-Nava
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
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Hashizume K, Ushizawa K, Patel OV, Kizaki K, Imai K, Yamada O, Nakano H, Takahashi T. Gene expression and maintenance of pregnancy in bovine: roles of trophoblastic binucleate cell-specific molecules. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:79-90. [PMID: 17389137 DOI: 10.1071/rd06118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell to cell interaction plays a pivotal role in the regulation of placentogenesis and exchange of stage-specific developmental signals between the fetal and maternal units. Specifically, these interactions are paramount for programmed fetal growth, maternal adaptation to pregnancy and coordination of parturition. However, little is known about the precise regulation of placentation and maintenance of gestation in cattle. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to decipher the complex networks of cell communication to gain an insight into the multifaceted developmental process and understand the profound consequences of flawed communication. In the ruminant, the binucleate cell plays a central role in forming the structures and secretions at the fetomaternal interface that are crucial in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Herein, we summarise differences in the abundance of specific RNA transcripts in the bovine cotyledon and caruncle using global gene expression profiling and further investigate the relationship of mRNA abundance for selected pregnancy-specific genes of interest (identified from microarray studies) that are localised exclusively to the binucleate cell, such as placental lactogen, prolactin-related proteins and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. The results suggest that a well-orchestrated transcriptional command from binucleate cells is pivotal to the establishment and progression of pregnancy in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Hashizume
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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