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Sahelijo N, Rajagopalan P, Qian L, Rahman R, Priyadarshi D, Goldstein D, Thomopoulos SI, Bennett DA, Farrer LA, Stein TD, Shen L, Huang H, Nho K, Andrew SJ, Davatzikos C, Thompson PM, Tcw J, Jun GR. Brain Cell-based Genetic Subtyping and Drug Repositioning for Alzheimer Disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.21.24309255. [PMID: 38947056 PMCID: PMC11213108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.24309255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by its complex and heterogeneous etiology and gradual progression, leading to high drug failure rates in late-stage clinical trials. In order to better stratify individuals at risk for AD and discern potential therapeutic targets we employed a novel procedure utilizing cell-based co-regulated gene networks and polygenic risk scores (cbPRSs). After defining genetic subtypes using extremes of cbPRS distributions, we evaluated correlations of the genetic subtypes with previously defined AD subtypes defined on the basis of domain-specific cognitive functioning and neuroimaging biomarkers. Employing a PageRank algorithm, we identified priority gene targets for the genetic subtypes. Pathway analysis of priority genes demonstrated associations with neurodegeneration and suggested candidate drugs currently utilized in diabetes, hypertension, and epilepsy for repositioning in AD. Experimental validation utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes demonstrated the modifying effects of estradiol, levetiracetam, and pioglitazone on expression of APOE and complement C4 genes, suggesting potential repositioning for AD.
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Mehmood H, Haroon M, Akhtar T, Woodward S, Haq S, M Alshehri S. Synthesis, anti-diabetic profiling and molecular docking studies of 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5 H)-ones. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1255-1266. [PMID: 38989987 PMCID: PMC11244696 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2342700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To synthesize novel more potent anti-diabetic agents. Methodology: A simple cost effective Hantzsch's synthetic strategy was used to synthesize 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-ones. Results: Fifteen new 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-ones were established to check their anti-diabetic potential. From alpha(α)-amylase inhibition, anti-glycation and anti-oxidant activities it is revealed that most of the compounds possess good anti-diabetic potential. All tested compounds were found to be more potent anti-diabetic agents via anti-glycation mode. The results of α-amylase and anti-oxidant inhibition revealed that compounds are less active against α-amylase and anti-oxidant assays. Conclusion: This study concludes that introduction of various electron withdrawing groups at the aryl ring and substitution of different functionalities around thiazolone nucleus could help to find out better anti-diabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250, Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University 651, E. High Street, Oxford, 45056, Ohio, USA
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250, Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK, Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Saadia Haq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical & Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Haddadi R, Cheraghi-Poor M. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) ligand, pioglitazone, increases analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of naproxen. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1633-1646. [PMID: 37698622 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of naproxen and pioglitazone following intra-plantar injection of carrageenan and assessment of the PPAR-γ receptor involvement in these effects. Rats were intra-plantarly injected with carrageenan (1%, 100 μl) to induce thermal hyperalgesia and paw inflammation. Different groups of rats were pre-treated intraperitoneally with naproxen (1 and 10 mg/kg) or pioglitazone (3 and 10 mg/kg) or GW9662 (a selective PPAR-γ antagonist, 100 μl/paw). The volume of the paw was evaluated using a plethysmometer, and the hot plate test was employed to assess the pain threshold in the animals. Finally, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity status were evaluated in the hind paw tissue. Naproxen and pioglitazone demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Concurrent injection of an ineffective dose of naproxen (1 mg/kg) with an ineffective dose of pioglitazone (3 mg/kg) caused augmented analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, significantly (p≤0.001 and p≤0.01, respectively). Additionally, intra-plantar injection of GW-9662 before naproxen or pioglitazone significantly suppressed their analgesic (p≤0.001) and anti-inflammatory activity (p≤0.01). Also, naproxen and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) significantly (p≤0.001) reduced carrageenan-induced MPO activity and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß releasing. Furthermore, PPAR-γ blockade significantly prevented suppressive effects of naproxen and pioglitazone on the MPO activity and inflammatory cytokines. Pioglitazone significantly increased analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of naproxen. This study proposes that concurrent treatment with naproxen and pioglitazone may be a substitute for overcome pain and inflammation clinically, in the future, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disorders and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran.
- Medicinal plant and natural products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Cheraghi-Poor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
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Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Seyedi F, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Askarpour H, Kheirkhah A, Golkar A, Dalfardi M, Hosseini M. The effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on liver function in hypothyroid rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:123-130. [PMID: 38253264 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of rosiglitazone (ROG) and pioglitazone (POG) on oxidative damage and dysfunction of hepatic tissue in hypothyroid rats. METHODS The male rats were classified into six groups: (1) Control; (2) Hypothyroid, (3) Hypothyroid-POG 10, (4) Hypothyroid-POG 20, (5) Hypothyroid-ROG 2, and (6) Hypothyroid-ROG 4. To induction hypothyroidism in rats, propylthiouracil (PTU) (0.05 %w/v) was added to drinking water. In groups 2-6, besides PTU, the rats were also intraperitoneal administrated with 10 or 20 mg/kg POG or 2 or 4 mg/kg ROG for six weeks. Finally, after deep anesthesia, the blood was collected to measure the serum biochemical markers and hepatic tissue was separated for biochemical oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Administration of PTU significantly reduced serum thyroxin concentration, total thiol levels, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Additionally, our results showed that prescription of POG or ROG for six weeks to hypothyroid rats resulted in an improvement in liver dysfunction (decrease in serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALK-P) through reducing oxidative damage in hepatic tissue (increase in CAT, SOD, or total thiols and decrease in MDA levels). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study presented that the IP administration of POG and ROG for six weeks improves liver dysfunction induced by hypothyroidism in juvenile rats by reducing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Kheirkhah
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ahmad Golkar
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dalfardi
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Prado Y, Aravena D, Gatica S, Llancalahuen FM, Aravena C, Gutiérrez-Vera C, Carreño LJ, Cabello-Verrugio C, Simon F. From genes to systems: The role of food supplementation in the regulation of sepsis-induced inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166909. [PMID: 37805092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation includes a widespread immune response to a harmful stimulus that results in extensive systemic damage. One common example of systemic inflammation is sepsis, which is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Under the pro-inflammatory environment of sepsis, oxidative stress contributes to tissue damage due to dysfunctional microcirculation that progressively causes the failure of multiple organs that ultimately triggers death. To address the underlying inflammatory condition in critically ill patients, progress has been made to assess the beneficial effects of dietary supplements, which include polyphenols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that are recognized for their immuno-modulating, anticoagulating, and analgesic properties. Therefore, we aimed to review and discuss the contribution of food-derived supplementation in the regulation of inflammation from gene expression to physiological responses and summarize the precedented potential of current therapeutic approaches during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prado
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Aravena
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe M Llancalahuen
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Aravena
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.
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Gull H, Ikram A, Khalil AA, Ahmed Z, Nemat A. Assessing the multitargeted antidiabetic potential of three pomegranate peel-specific metabolites: An in silico and pharmacokinetics study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7188-7205. [PMID: 37970376 PMCID: PMC10630828 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs due to impaired secretion of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. Recent studies show that the antidiabetic drugs used to control hyperglycemic levels are associated with undesirable adverse effects. Therefore, developing a safe and effective medicine with antidiabetic potential is needed. In this context, in silico studies are considered a rapid, effectual, and cost-effective method in drug discovery procedures. It is evident from the literature that plant-based natural components have shown promising outcomes in drug development to alleviate various diseases and hence have diversified the screening of potential antidiabetic agents. Purposely, in the present study, an in silico approach was performed on three Punica granatum peel metabolites (punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid). All these three compounds were docked against nine protein targets involved in glucose metabolism (GFAT, PTP1β, PPAR-ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GCK, and AQP-2). These three pomegranate-specific compounds demonstrated significant interactions with GFAT, PTP1β, PPAR-ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GCK, and AQP-2 protein targets. Specifically, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid revealed significant binding scores (-9.2, -9.3, -8.1, -9.1, -8.5, -11.3, -9.2, -9.5, -10.1 kcal/mol; -10, -9.9, -8.5, -8.9, -10.4, -9.0, -10.2, -9.4, -9.0 kcal/mol; and -8.1, -8.0, -8.0, -6.8, -8.7, -7.8, -8.3, -8.1, -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively), with nine protein targets mentioned above. Hence, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid can be promising candidates in drug discovery to manage diabetes. Furthermore, in vivo and clinical trials must be conducted to validate the outcomes of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gull
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Arash Nemat
- Department of MicrobiologyKabul University of Medical SciencesKabulAfghanistan
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Rangasamy SB, Jana M, Dasarathi S, Kundu M, Pahan K. Treadmill workout activates PPARα in the hippocampus to upregulate ADAM10, decrease plaques and improve cognitive functions in 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:204-218. [PMID: 36682514 PMCID: PMC10023420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although liver is rich in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), recently we have described the presence of PPARα in hippocampus where it is involved in non-amyloidogenic metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) via ADAM10, decreasing amyloid plaques and improving memory and learning. However, mechanisms to upregulate PPARα in vivo in the hippocampus are poorly understood. Regular exercise has multiple beneficial effects on human health and here, we describe the importance of regular mild treadmill exercise in upregulating PPARα in vivo in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We also demonstrate that treadmill exercise remained unable to stimulate ADAM10, reduce plaque pathology and improve cognitive functions in 5XFADΔPPARα mice (5XFAD mice lacking PPARα). On the other hand, treadmill workout increased ADAM10, decreased plaque pathology and protected memory and learning in 5XFADΔPPARβ mice (5XFAD mice lacking PPARβ). Moreover, the other PPAR (PPARγ) also did not play any role in the transcription of ADAM10 in vivo in the hippocampus of treadmill exercised 5XFAD mice. These results underline an important role of PPARα in which treadmill exercise remains unable to exhibit neuroprotection in the hippocampus in the absence of PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh B Rangasamy
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Malabendu Jana
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sridevi Dasarathi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
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Cheshmeh S, Nachvak SM, Hojati N, Elahi N, Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani N, Saber A. The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes-predisposing genes in healthy infants. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15469. [PMID: 36200185 PMCID: PMC9535349 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are common illnesses characterized by glucose metabolism issues and excessive weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed a newborn up to 6 months old and it has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity later in life due to its nutritional properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and formula-plus breastfeeding (mix-feeding) on the anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and the expression level of obesity and diabetes-predisposing genes of healthy infants. A total of 150 healthy infants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All infants (aged 24 months) were divided into three groups based on the type of feeding, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mix-feeding. The anthropometric indices, glycemic indexes, lipid profile, and the expression levels of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), liver X receptor α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes were measured in all infants using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The anthropometric indices including weight, height, head circumference, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in the breastfeeding infants in comparison to other groups. As well, the expression level of the ACACB gene was significantly downregulated in breastfeeding infants, while the PPAR-γ gene was significantly upregulated, but the expression levels of LXR- α, PTEN and BDNF did not change significantly across groups. Breastfeeding compared to formula feeding had positive effects on anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and diabetes-predisposing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Cheshmeh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Niloofar Hojati
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Negin Elahi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Amir Saber
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Li H, Yuan W, Chen Y, Lin B, Wang S, Deng Z, Zheng Q, Li Q. Transcription and proteome changes involved in re-innervation muscle following nerve crush in rats. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:666. [PMID: 36131238 PMCID: PMC9494802 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe peripheral nerve injury leads to the irreparable disruption of nerve fibers. This leads to disruption of synapses with the designated muscle, which consequently go through progressive atrophy and damage of muscle function. The molecular mechanism that underlies the re-innervation process has yet to be evaluated using proteomics or transcriptomics. In the present study, multi-dimensional data were therefore integrated with transcriptome and proteome profiles in order to investigate the mechanism of re-innervation in muscles. Two simulated nerve injury muscle models in the rat tibial nerve were compared: the nerve was either cut (denervated, DN group) or crushed but with the nerve sheath intact (re-innervated, RN group). The control group had a preserved and intact tibial nerve. At 4 weeks, the RN group showed better tibial nerve function and recovery of muscle atrophy compared to the DN group. As the high expression of Myh3, Postn, Col6a1 and Cfi, the RN group demonstrated superior re-innervation as well. Both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) were enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathway, as well as the energy metabolism. This study provides basic information regarding DEGs and DEPs during re-innervation-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, the crucial genes and proteins can be detected as possible treatment targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bofu Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ruoff F, Kersten N, Anderle N, Jerbi S, Stahl A, Koch A, Staebler A, Hartkopf A, Brucker SY, Hahn M, Schenke-Layland K, Schmees C, Templin MF. Protein Profiling of Breast Carcinomas Reveals Expression of Immune-Suppressive Factors and Signatures Relevant for Patient Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184542. [PMID: 36139700 PMCID: PMC9496820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, the complex interplay between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment results in the modulation of signaling processes. By assessing the expression of a multitude of proteins and protein variants in cancer tissue, wide-ranging information on signaling pathway activation and the status of the immunological landscape is obtainable and may provide viable information on the treatment response. Archived breast cancer tissues from a cohort of 84 patients (no adjuvant therapy) were analyzed by high-throughput Western blotting, and the expression of 150 proteins covering central cancer pathways and immune cell markers was examined. By assessing CD8α, CD11c, CD16 and CD68 expression, immune cell infiltration was determined and revealed a strong correlation between event-free patient survival and the infiltration of immune cells. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was linked to the pronounced activation of the Jak/Stat signaling pathway and apoptotic processes. The elevated phosphorylation of PPARγ (pS112) in non-immune-infiltrated tumors suggests a novel immune evasion mechanism in breast cancer characterized by increased PPARγ phosphorylation. Multiplexed immune cell marker assessment and the protein profiling of tumor tissue provide functional signaling data facilitating breast cancer patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kersten
- FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Anderle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Jerbi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartkopf
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7121-51530-828
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11
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Obernikhina NV, Kobzar OL, Kachaeva MV, Kachkovsky OD, Brovarets VS. In silico and in vitro Estimation of Structure and Biological Affinity of 1,3-
Oxazoles: Fragment-to-fragment Approach. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:95-109. [DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666220404100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The fragment-to-fragment approach for the estimation of the biological af-finity of the pharmacophores with biologically active molecules has been proposed. It is the next step in the elaboration of molecular docking and using the quantum-chemical methods for the complex modeling of pharmacophores with biomolecule fragments.
Methods:
The parameter 0 was used to estimate the contribution of -electron interactions in bio-logical affinity. It is directly related to the position of the frontier levels and reflects the donor-accep-tor properties of the pharmacophores and stabilization energy of the [Pharm꞉BioM] complex.
Results:
By using quantum-chemical calculations, it was found that the stacking interaction of oxa-zoles with phenylalanine is 7-11 kcal/mol, while the energy of hydrogen bonding of oxazoles with the amino group of lysine is 5-9 kcal/mol. The fragment-to-fragment approach can be applied for the investigation of the dependence of biological affinity on the electronic structure of pharmacophores.
Conclusion:
The founded quantum-chemical regularities are confirmed with the structure-activity relationships of substituted oxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Obernikhina
- Department of Bioorganic and Biological Chemistry, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, 13 T. Shevchenko
boul., 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr L. Kobzar
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 1 Murmanskaya Str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marina V. Kachaeva
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 1 Murmanskaya Str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy D. Kachkovsky
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 1 Murmanskaya Str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr S. Brovarets
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 1 Murmanskaya Str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Touaibia M, St-Coeur PD, Duff P, Faye DC, Pichaud N. 5-Benzylidene, 5-benzyl, and 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones as potential inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: Effects on mitochondrial functions and survival in Drosophila melanogaster. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174627. [PMID: 34774497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were synthesized and screened for their effect on the mitochondrial respiration as well as on several mitochondrial respiratory system components of Drosophila melanogaster. Substituted and non-substituted 5-benzylidene and 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones were investigated. The effect of a substitution in position 3, at the nitrogen atom, of the thiozolidine heterocycle was also investigated. The designed TZDs were compared to UK5099, the most potent mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor, in in vitro and in vivo tests. Compared to 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones 6-7 and 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione 8, 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-diones 2-5 showed more inhibitory capacity on mitochondrial respiration. 5-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (3) and 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (5) were among the best compounds that compared well with UK5099. Additionally, TZDs 3 and 5, showed no effects on the non-coupled respiration and weak effects on pathways using substrates such as proline, succinate, and G3P. 5-Benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione 3 showed a positive effect on survival and lifespan when added to Drosophila standard and high fat diet. Interestingly, analog 3 completely reversed the effects of high fat diet on Drosophila longevity and induced metabolic changes which suggests an in vivo inhibition of MPC at the mitochondrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
| | | | - Patrick Duff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Diene Codou Faye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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13
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Wu Y, Amirkhani A, Meyfour A, Sheriff S, Shen T, Dhiman K, Ghasem HS, Paul AH, Stuart LG, Mirzaei M. Comparative Analysis of Aducanumab, Zagotenemab and Pioglitazone as Targeted Treatment Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1964-1976. [PMID: 34881080 PMCID: PMC8612603 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia that has remained a major medical, sociocultural and economical challenge globally. Previously developed treatments like anticholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists only provide short-term symptomatic improvement and do not prevent progression. Repeated setbacks and failures over the past 25 years in AD clinical trials have hindered efforts to develop effective AD treatments. Fortunately, Aducanumab, a specific anti-amyloid β antibody, has shown promising clinical results and was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through an accelerated approval pathway. This has raised hopes for AD patients; however post-approval trials are necessary to estimate the true scope of its clinical benefits. We have reviewed several AD clinical studies and summarized the experience to date with Aducanumab and two other potential AD drugs including Zagotenemab (an anti-tau antibody) and Pioglitazone (nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist). These have shown mixed results so far and the next few years will be critical to elucidate and interpret their broad long-term protective effects. A concerted effort is required to understand and strengthen the translation of pre-clinical findings from these drugs to routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- 1Cell Science Research Center, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vivek Gupta
- 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- 3School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- 4Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- 4Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Meyfour
- 5Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samran Sheriff
- 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ting Shen
- 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- 3School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - H Salekdeh Ghasem
- 6Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - A Haynes Paul
- 6Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - L Graham Stuart
- 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
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14
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Ahmadi S, Azizian J. HClO4-catalyzed Diastereoselective synthesis of 2-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) acetonitrile from oxindole and 4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl acetonitrile. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Sun J, Liu HY, Zhang YH, Fang ZY, Lv PC. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of thiazolidinedione derivatives as partial agonists targeting PPARγ. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105342. [PMID: 34536928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a novel peroxides proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist with many side effects. Herein, we developed a series of novel TZD analogues as partial agonists targeting PPARγ. The study of anti-hyperglycemic activity and anti-inflammatory activity enabled us to identify a novel compound, 4 g, which quickly recover the blood glucose of mice at the concentration of 100 mg/kg, and show similar anti-inflammatory activity to ibuprofen at the concentration of 20 mg/kg. The competitive binding assay confirmed direct binding of 4 g to the LBD of PPARγ with IC50 being 1790 nM, and dose-dependently increased the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. Besides, through computer-aided drug design software simulation docking, it was found that compound 4 g showed the best binding ability to target protein PPARγ. Furthermore, because of the introduction of benzene containing group at N3 position, the stability of H12 in the active pocket is reduced and the stability of H3 and β-fold is increased, showing the characteristics of some PPARγ agonists, based on the docking model analysis. Together, these results suggest that 4 g is a promising PPARγ agonist that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Liu
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele Univeristy for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Heng Zhang
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yu Fang
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lv
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele Univeristy for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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16
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Saha PS, Kim Sawtelle KR, Bamberg BN, Arrick DM, Watt MJ, Scholl JL, Zheng H, Mayhan WG. Rosiglitazone restores nitric oxide synthase-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles in rats exposed to prenatal alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1359-1369. [PMID: 34120346 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to alcohol leads to a greater incidence of many cardiovascular-related diseases, presumably via a mechanism that may involve increased oxidative stress. An agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ; rosiglitazone) has been shown to suppress alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to determine whether acute and chronic treatment with rosiglitazone could restore or prevent impaired nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles in male and female adult (14-16 weeks old) rats exposed to alcohol in utero. METHODS We fed Sprague-Dawley dams a liquid diet with or without 3% ethanol for the duration of their pregnancy (21-23 days). In the first series of studies, we examined the reactivity of cerebral arterioles to eNOS- (ADP), nNOS-dependent (NMDA), and NOS-independent agonists in male and female adult rats before and during acute (1 hour) topical application of rosiglitazone (1 µM). In a second series of studies, we examined the influence of chronic treatment with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 2-3 weeks) on the responses of cerebral arterioles in male and female adult rats exposed to alcohol in utero. RESULTS We found that in utero exposure to alcohol similarly reduced responses of cerebral arterioles to ADP and NMDA, but not to nitroglycerin in male and female adult rats. In addition, acute treatment of the male and female adult rats with rosiglitazone similarly restored this impairment in cerebral vascular function to that observed in controls. We also found that chronic treatment with rosiglitazone prevented impaired vascular function in male and female adult rats that were exposed to alcohol in utero. CONCLUSIONS PPARγ activation may be an effective and relevant treatment to reverse or prevent cerebral vascular abnormalities associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Saha
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Kirsten R Kim Sawtelle
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Brittany N Bamberg
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Denise M Arrick
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Michael J Watt
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jamie L Scholl
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - William G Mayhan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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17
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Huang R, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu H. PPARγ in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Overview of the Biology and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:600618. [PMID: 33995008 PMCID: PMC8117354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that is often characterized as a blood circulation disorder caused due to various factors (such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, burn, and thrombus). Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Theoretically, IRI can occur in various tissues and organs, including the kidney, liver, myocardium, and brain, among others. The advances made in research regarding restoring tissue perfusion in ischemic areas have been inadequate with regard to decreasing the mortality and infarct size associated with IRI. Hence, the clinical treatment of patients with severe IRI remains a thorny issue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists and is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating IRI. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in IRI. The protective effects of PPARγ, such as attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described, envisaging certain therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Long X, Zeng X, Tan F, Yi R, Pan Y, Zhou X, Mu J, Zhao X. Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04 prevents obesity in mice through the PPAR pathway and alleviates oxidative damage and inflammation. Food Funct 2021; 11:5460-5472. [PMID: 32490861 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04, was isolated from Xinjiang yogurt, and it was used to intervene in obese mice maintained on a 45% fat diet, and we compared its effects to those of a commercial strain, LDSB, and l-carnitine. The results showed that the LP-KFY04 intervention mice gained weight more slowly and had lower liver, epididymal adipose, and perirenal adipose tissue indices when compared to the other high-fat groups. Moreover, the LP-KFY04 can reduce the formation of fat vacuoles in the liver, while also reducing adipocyte differentiation and volume, and LP-KFY04 groups had the lowest liver and serum AST, ALT, TG, and TC levels and lowest serum LDL-C and highest HDL-C levels among the groups maintained on a high-fat diet. LP-KFY04 was also shown to mitigate obesity-associated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis examining liver and adipose tissue expression of PPAR-α, CYP7A1, CPT1, and LPL showed an increased expression in the LP-KFY04 groups while decreased expression levels of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα relative to the other high-fat diet groups. These results show that of the different interventions, LP-KFY04 was the most effective at mitigating the effects of obesity than LDSB and l-carnitine. The results confirmed that LP-KEY04 has better anti-obesity, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects than current fermentation strains. It indicates LP-KFY04 is a fermentation strain with potential practical value and high functionality, and it shows that a fermentation strain should not only have good fermentation performance, but, more importantly, it must provide more functionality on the basis of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China. and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, South Korea
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, P.R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China. and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, South Korea
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
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Yoshikawa C, Ishida H, Ohashi N, Itoh T. Synthesis of a Coumarin-Based PPARγ Fluorescence Probe for Competitive Binding Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4034. [PMID: 33919837 PMCID: PMC8070791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a molecular target of metabolic syndrome and inflammatory disease. PPARγ is an important nuclear receptor and numerous PPARγ ligands were developed to date; thus, efficient assay methods are important. Here, we investigated the incorporation of 7-diethylamino coumarin into the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and used the compound in a binding assay for PPARγ. PPARγ-ligand-incorporated 7-methoxycoumarin, 1, showed weak fluorescence intensity in a previous report. We synthesized PPARγ-ligand-incorporating coumarin, 2, in this report, and it enhanced the fluorescence intensity. The PPARγ ligand 2 maintained the rosiglitazone activity. The obtained partial agonist 6 appeared to act through a novel mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of 2 and 6 increased by binding to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ and the affinity of reported PPARγ ligands were evaluated using the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; (C.Y.); (H.I.); (N.O.)
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20
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Van Hove L, Kim KR, Arrick DM, Mayhan WG. A cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist augments NOS-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles during type 1 diabetes. Microvasc Res 2021; 133:104077. [PMID: 32979391 PMCID: PMC7704564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While activation of cannabinoid (CB2) receptors has been shown to be neuroprotective, no studies have examined whether this neuroprotection is directed at cerebral arterioles and no studies have examined whether activation of CB2 receptors can rescue cerebrovascular dysfunction during a chronic disease state such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our goal was to test the hypothesis that administration of a CB2 agonist (JWH-133) would improve impaired endothelial (eNOS)- and neuronal (nNOS)-dependent dilation of cerebral arterioles during T1D. In vivo diameter of cerebral arterioles in nondiabetic and T1D rats was measured in response to an eNOS-dependent agonist (adenosine 5'-diphosphate; ADP), an nNOS-dependent agonist (N-methyl-d-aspartate; NMDA), and an NOS-independent agonist (nitroglycerin) before and 1 h following JWH-133 (1 mg/kg IP). Dilation of cerebral arterioles to ADP and NMDA was greater in nondiabetic than in T1D rats. Treatment with JWH-133 increased responses of cerebral arterioles to ADP and NMDA in both nondiabetic and T1D rats. Responses of cerebral arterioles to nitroglycerin were similar between nondiabetic and T1D rats, and JWH-133 did not influence responses to nitroglycerin in either group. The restoration in responses to the agonists by JWH-133 could be inhibited by treatment with a specific inhibitor of CB2 receptors (AM-630; 3 mg/kg IP). Thus, activation of CB2 receptors can potentiate reactivity of cerebral arterioles during physiologic and pathophysiologic states. We speculate that treatment with CB2 receptor agonists may have potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of cerebral vascular diseases via a mechanism that can increase cerebral blood flow.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterioles/drug effects
- Arterioles/enzymology
- Brain/blood supply
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cerebrovascular Disorders/enzymology
- Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology
- Cerebrovascular Disorders/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Male
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Van Hove
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States of America
| | - Kirsten R Kim
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States of America
| | - Denise M Arrick
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States of America
| | - William G Mayhan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States of America.
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21
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Wang X, Su F, Yu X, Geng N, Li L, Wang R, Zhang M, Liu J, Liu Y, Han B. RNA-Seq Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in Response to Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:642. [PMID: 33426011 PMCID: PMC7793973 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a common mastitis pathogen widespread in the natural environment of dairy farms, is capable of invading mammary epithelial cells making treatment difficult. However, the mechanism of the response of bovine mammary epithelial cell to S. aureus invasion remains elusive. In this study, transcriptomic analysis and bioinformatics tools were applied to explore the differentially expressed RNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) between the control and S. aureus-treated group. A total of 259 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 27 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 21 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were found. These RNAs mainly enrich the inflammatory response, immune response, endocytosis, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the quality of the RNA-seq results. In particular, to the defense mechanism of bovine mammary epithelial cells against intracellular S. aureus, the PPAR signaling pathway and the genes (ACOX2, CROT, and NUDT12) were found to be up-regulated to promote the production of peroxisomes and ROS, DRAM1 expression was also up-regulated to facilitate the activation of autophagy, indicating that the above mechanisms were involved in the elimination of intracellular S. aureus in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Feng Su
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Run Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation following binding to α 2 adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173733. [PMID: 33220278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been found to possess an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the local anti-inflammatory mechanism of DEX has not been fully clarified. Some intracellular inflammatory pathways lead to negative feedback during the inflammatory process. The cyclooxygenase (COX) cascade synthesizes prostaglandins (PGs) and plays a key role in inflammation, but is known to also have anti-inflammatory properties through an alternative route of a PGD2 metabolite, 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), and its receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Therefore, we hypothesized that DEX inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through 15d-PGJ2 and/or PPARγ activation, and evaluated the effects of DEX on these responses. The RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells were pre-incubated with DEX, followed by the addition of LPS to induce inflammatory responses. Concentrations of TNFα, IL-6, PGE2, and 15d-PGJ2 in the supernatants of the cells were measured, and gene expressions of PPARγ and COX-2 were evaluated in the cells. Furthermore, we evaluated whether a selective α2 adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine or a selective PPARγ antagonist, T0070907, reversed the effects of DEX on the LPS-induced inflammatory responses. DEX inhibited LPS-induced TNFα, IL-6, and PGE2 productions and COX-2 mRNA expression, and the effects of DEX were reversed by yohimbine. On the other hand, DEX significantly increased 15d-PGJ2 production and PPARγ mRNA expression, and yohimbine reversed these DEX's effects. Furthermore, T0070907 reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on TNFα and IL-6 productions in the cells. These results suggest that DEX inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through PPARγ activation following binding to α2 adrenoceptors.
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23
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Roudsari NM, Lashgari NA, Zandi N, Pazoki B, Momtaz S, Sahebkar A, Abdolghaffari AH. PPARγ: A turning point for irritable bowel syndrome treatment. Life Sci 2020; 257:118103. [PMID: 32681913 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder with negative impacts on quality of life of patients. Although the etiology of the disease is still unclear, there are a set of mechanisms and factors involved in IBS pathogenesis. Visceral hypersensitivity, impaired gut barrier, along with minor inflammation and oxidative stress are the most important triggers for IBS induction. Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has been shown to improve gut barrier, downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce free radical production through antioxidative mechanisms, and exert anti-nociceptive effects against somatic pain. An electronic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane library was performed and relevant clinical, in vivo and in vitro articles published between 2004 and June 2020 were collected. Search terms included "Irritable Bowel Syndrome" OR "IBS" OR "visceral hypersensitivity" OR "motility dysfunction" AND "peroxisome proliferator activated receptors" OR "PPAR". Herein, the efficacy of PPARγ signaling as a potential target for IBS treatment is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Zandi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Adipocyte dedifferentiation in health and diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2107-2119. [PMID: 31654064 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues collectively as an endocrine organ and energy storage are crucial for systemic metabolic homeostasis. The major cell type in the adipose tissue, the adipocytes or fat cells, are remarkably plastic and can increase or decrease their size and number to adapt to changes in systemic or local metabolism. Changes in adipocyte size occur through hypertrophy or atrophy, and changes in cell numbers mainly involve de novo generation of new cells or death of existing cells. Recently, dedifferentiation, whereby a mature adipocyte is reverted to an undifferentiated progenitor-like status, has been reported as a mechanism underlying adipocyte plasticity. Dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes has been observed under both physiological and pathological conditions. This review covers several aspects of adipocyte dedifferentiation, its relevance to adipose tissue function, molecular pathways that drive dedifferentiation, and the potential of therapeutic targeting adipocyte dedifferentiation in human health and metabolic diseases.
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25
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Mohamed MAA, Abd Allah OA, Bekhit AA, Kadry AM, El‐Saghier AMM. Synthesis and antidiabetic activity of novel triazole derivatives containing amino acids. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health DepartmentCollege of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain Zallaq Bahrain
| | - Asmaa M. Kadry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSohag University Sohag Egypt
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Ju Z, Su M, Hong J, Kim EL, Jung JH. Anti-inflammatory effects of an optimized PPAR-γ agonist via NF-κB pathway inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Nazeef M, Shivhare KN, Ali S, Ansari K, Ansari MD, Tiwari SK, Yadav V, Siddiqui I. Visible-light-promoted C N and C S bonds formation: A catalyst and solvent-free photochemical approach for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Ding H, Yu J, Chang W, Liu F, He Z. Searching for differentially expressed proteins in spinal cord injury based on the proteomics analysis. Life Sci 2020; 242:117235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Laha A, Singh M, George AK, Homme RP, Tyagi SC. Dysregulation of 1-carbon metabolism and muscle atrophy: potential roles of forkhead box O proteins and PPARγ co-activator-1α. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1013-1017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid but an important metabolic intermediate is generated as an integral component for the “1-carbon metabolism” during normal physiology. It is catabolized to cysteine via the transulfuration pathway resulting in the generation of hydrogen sulfide, a naturally endogenous byproduct. Genetics or metabolic derangement can alter homocysteine concentration leading to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a physiologically unfavorable condition that causes serious medical conditions including muscle wasting. HHcy environment can derail physiological processes by targeting biomolecules such as Akt; however, not much is known regarding the effects of HHcy on regulation of transcription factors such as forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins. Recently, hydrogen sulfide has been shown to be highly effective in alleviating the effects of HHcy by serving as an antiapoptotic factor, but role of FOXO and its interaction with hydrogen sulfide are yet to be established. In this review, we discuss role(s) of HHcy in skeletal muscle atrophy and how HHcy interact with FOXO and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha expressions that are relevant in musculoskeletal atrophy. Further, therapeutic intervention with hydrogen sulfide for harnessing its beneficial effects might help mitigate the dysregulated 1-carbon metabolism that happens to be the hallmark of HHcy-induced pathologies such as muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Akash K. George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rubens P. Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
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31
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The nitrated fatty acid, 10-nitrooleate inhibits the neutrophil chemotaxis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in CLP-induced sepsis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Comparative Evaluation of Gemcabene and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Ligands in Transcriptional Assays of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Implication for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:3-10. [PMID: 29621036 PMCID: PMC6039382 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gemcabene, a late-stage clinical candidate, has shown efficacy for LDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol, apoB, triglycerides, and hsCRP reduction, all risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In rodents, gemcabene showed changes in targets, including apoC-III, apoA-I, peroxisomal enzymes, considered regulated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene activation, suggesting a PPAR-mediated mechanism of action for the observed hypolipidemic effects observed in rodents and humans. In the current study, the gemcabene agonist activity against PPAR subtypes of human, rat, and mouse were compared with known lipid lowering PPAR activators. Surprisingly, gemcabene showed no or little PPAR-α transactivation compared with reference agonists, which showed concentration-dependent transactivation against human PPAR-α of 2.4- to 30-fold (fenofibric acid), 17-fold (GW590735), and 2.3- to 25-fold (WY-14643). These agents also showed robust transactivation of mouse and rat PPAR-α in a concentration-dependent manner. The known PPAR-δ agonists, GW1516, L165041, and GW0742, showed potent agonist activity against human, mouse, and rat receptors (ranging from 165- to 396-fold). By contrast, gemcabene at the highest concentration tested (300 μM) showed no response in mouse and rat and a marginal response against human PPAR-δ receptors (3.2-fold). For PPAR-γ, gemcabene showed no agonist activity against all 3 species at 100 μM and marginal activity (3.6- to 5-fold) at 300 μM. By contrast, the known agonists, rosiglitazone, indomethacin, and muraglitazar showed strong activation against the mouse, rat, and human PPAR-γ receptors. No clear antagonist activity was observed with gemcabene against any PPAR subtypes for all 3 species over a wide range of concentrations. In summary, the transactivation studies rule out gemcabene as a direct agonist or antagonist of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-δ receptors of these 3 species. These data suggest that the peroxisomal effects observed in rodents and the lipid regulating effects observed in rodents and humans are not related to a direct activation of PPAR receptors by gemcabene.
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Ju Z, Su M, Li D, Hong J, Im DS, Kim S, Kim EL, Jung JH. An Algal Metabolite-Based PPAR-γ Agonist Displayed Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060321. [PMID: 31151271 PMCID: PMC6627743 DOI: 10.3390/md17060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, a synthetic compound, (+)-(R,E)-6a1, that incorporated the key structures of anti-inflammatory algal metabolites and the endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) ligand 15-deoxy-∆12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), exerted significant PPAR-γ transcriptional activity. Because PPAR-γ expressed in macrophages has been postulated as a negative regulator of inflammation, this study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the PPAR-γ agonist, (+)-(R,E)-6a1. Compound (+)-(R,E)-6a1 displayed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Compound (+)-(R,E)-6a1 suppressed the expression of proinflammatory factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), possibly by the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. In macrophages, (+)-(R,E)-6a1 suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα), and IκB kinase (IKK). These results indicated that PPAR-γ agonist, (+)-(R,E)-6a1, exerts anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Mingzhi Su
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyunghee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Eun La Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jee H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Tan ST, Ismail A, Hamid M, Chong PP, Sun J. Soy husk extract improves physical and biochemical parameters of obese-diabetic rats through the regulation of PPARγ expression. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12843. [PMID: 31353513 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activities are among the contributing factors for obesity and diabetes. It has been reported that consumption of naturally occurring phenolics could exert beneficial effects toward these diseases. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the ability of phenolic-rich soy husk powder extract (SHPE) in modifying the physical and biochemical parameters for obesity and diabetes. Forty-nine Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including three supplementary/treatment groups. Rats in supplementary/treatment groups were provided with either 4 mg/kg BW Rosiglitazone Maleate, 250 mg SHPE/kg BW, or 500 mg SHPE/kg BW. The effectiveness of SHPE in alleviating obesity-diabetes was evaluated by measuring body weight (physical parameter), blood glucose metabolisms (biochemical parameters), and PPARγ expression. Findings in the present study revealed that short-term SHPE and Rosiglitazone Maleate administration improved the physical and biochemical parameters of obese-diabetic rats. In addition, SHPE was also demonstrated to upregulate PPARγ expression in adipocytes. These findings suggest that soy husk could emerge as a potential hypoglycemic and anti-adipogenic nutraceutical in future. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This was the first study to evaluate the potential effects of soy husk against the parameters of obese-diabetes in rats. In addition, promising effects derived from this study might explore the possibility of soy husk to be utilized as an antidiabetes nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Tyug Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Healthcare Professional, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Pei Chong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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35
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Han X, Li P, Luo X, Qiao D, Tang X, Li G. Two new compounds from the marine sponge derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2926-2930. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1598994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Pinglin Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangchao Luo
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuli Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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36
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Kim S, Oh MW, Bin Park W, Yoo HS. Global Gene Networks in 3D4/31 Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Treated with Antigenic Epitopes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA, IIA, and IVA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5269. [PMID: 30918280 PMCID: PMC6437162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Although App produces several virulence factors, Apx toxins, the primary App virulence factors, have been the focus of numerous studies. However, the host response against the Apx toxins has not been elucidated at the transcriptomic level. Therefore, in this study, we examined the response of an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (IPAM 3D4/31) to four antigenic epitopes of the App exotoxins, ApxIA, IIA and IVA. The antigenic epitopes of the Apx toxins (ApxIA Ct, ApxIIA Nt, ApxIVA C1 and ApxIV C2) were determined by an in-silico antigenicity prediction analysis. Gene expression in IPAMs was analyzed by RNA-Seq after treatment with the four proteins for 24 h. A total of 15,269 DEGs were observed to be associated with cellular and metabolic processes in the GO category Biological Process and nuclear receptors and apoptosis signaling in IPA analyses. These DEGs were also related to M2 macrophage polarization and apoptosis in IPAMs. These host transcriptional analyses present novel global gene networks of the host response to treatment with Apx toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Bin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Progress in the discovery of naturally occurring anti-diabetic drugs and in the identification of their molecular targets. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:270-289. [PMID: 30840917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease, severely affects patients' life and intensively increases risks of developing other diseases. It is estimated that 0.4 billion individuals worldwide are subjected to diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. At present, although various synthetic drugs for diabetes such as Alogliptin and Rosiglitazone, etc. have been used to manage diabetes, some of them showed severe side effects. Given that the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, natural occurring drugs are beneficial alternatives for diabetes therapy with low adverse effects or toxicity. Recently, more and more plant-derived extracts or compounds were evaluated to have anti-diabetic activities. Their anti-diabetic mechanisms involve certain key targets like α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPP-4, PPAR γ, PTP1B, and GLUT4, etc. Here, we summarize the newly found anti-diabetic (type 2 diabetes mellitus) natural compounds and extracts from 2011-2017, and give the identification of their molecular targets. This review could provide references for the research of natural agents curing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Chhabra M, Sharma S. Potential role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma analogues in regulation of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus: An overview. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1123-1129. [PMID: 31336454 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells are recognized as the potential targets for the revascularization and angiogenesis because of their ability to get themselves transformed into mature endothelial cells. Underlying pathophysiology in diabetes mellitus leads to decrease in circulatory endothelial progenitor cells, resulting in diabetic macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) gamma analogues serves as an effective therapy for controlling blood sugar levels and preventing its complications. Reports of clinical trials and meta-analysis of clinical trial suggests the beneficial aspects of PPAR gamma therapy in increasing the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This review highlights the pleotropic effect of PPAR gamma analogs, apart from their antidiabetic action via reduction of oxidative stress, increasing expression of eNOS, reducing level of miR 22, miR 222 levels and positive modulation of rapamycin/Protein kinase B/phosphoinoside3-kinase pathways, preventing the early apoptosis, enhanced mobility proliferation and transformation into mature endothelial cells. PPAR gamma therapy in diabetes regulates endothelial progenitor cells, reduces complications of diabetes like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, deep vein thrombosis, and maintains the healthy vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chhabra
- PharmD Intern, Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical and Allied Medical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu G. Pioglitazone increases VEGFR3 expression and promotes activation of M2 macrophages via the peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2740-2748. [PMID: 30816473 PMCID: PMC6423577 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone has been widely used in previous studies to ameliorate diabetes mellitus and regulate inflammation. However, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on macrophages and determine its impact on renal fibrosis in vivo. Firstly, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were used to detect the effects of pioglitazone on macrophages in vitro. It was demonstrated that pioglitazone promoted M2 macrophage activation and induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) upregulation in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Furthermore, pioglitazone increased macrophage proliferation and macrophage VEGFR3 expression in a murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model; however, it had no therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis in vivo. Therefore, the results in the present study implied that presence of M2 macrophages may inhibit pioglitazone's ability to attenuate UUO-induced renal fibrosis. In addition, the results demonstrated that macrophage-associated VEGFR3 could be induced by pioglitazone, although it is still unclear what role VEGFR3+ M2 macrophages have in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Chen J, Xuan Y, Chen Y, Wu T, Chen L, Guan H, Yang S, He J, Shi D, Wang Y. Netrin-1 alleviates subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced brain injury via the PPARγ/NF-KB signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2256-2262. [PMID: 30614619 PMCID: PMC6378208 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin‐1 (NTN‐1) is a novel drug to alleviate early brain injury following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However the molecular mechanism of NTN‐1‐mediated protection against early brain injury following SAH remains largely elusive. This study aims to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of NTN‐1 in protecting SAH‐induced early brain injury. The endovascular perforation SAH model was constructed using male C57BL/6J mice, and recombinant NTN‐1 was administrated intravenously. Mortality rates, SAH grade, brain water content, neurological score and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated. The expression of PPARγ, Bcl‐2, Bax and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) were detected by Western blot. Small interfering RNA specific to NTN‐1 receptor, UNC5B, and a selective PPARγ antagonist, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), were applied in combination with NTN‐1. The results suggested that NTN‐1 improved the neurological deficits, reduced the brain water content and alleviated neuronal apoptosis. In addition, NTN‐1 enhanced PPARγ and Bcl‐2 expression and decreased the levels of Bax and NF‐κB. However, the neuroprotection of NTN‐1 was abolished by UNC5B and BADGE. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that NTN‐1 attenuates early brain injury following SAH via the UNC5B PPARγ/NF‐κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Yong Xuan
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Hexian Peoples Hospital, Ma Anshan City, Anhui Province, PR. China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Haoxiang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Jianqing He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Dongliang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Medical College of Anhui Medical University (l0lst Hospital of PLA), Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, PR. China
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Abstract
Prominent in the current stage of drug development, antiviral compounds can be efficiently prepared through cycloaddition reactions. The chapter reports the use of classical Diels–Alder and their hetero version for the design and synthesis of compounds that were tested for their antiviral activities against a variety of viruses. Furthermore, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of selected 1,3-dipoles, such as azides, nitrones, and nitrile oxides, are reviewed in the light of their application in the preparation of key intermediates for antiviral synthesis. A few examples of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions are also presented. The products obtained from these pericyclic reaction approaches were all tested for their activities in terms of blocking the virus replication, and the relevant biological data are highlighted.
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Wang H, Zhang X, Wang S, Li H, Lu Z, Shi J, Xu Z. Mannan-oligosaccharide modulates the obesity and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:3916-3929. [PMID: 29974116 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered to be associated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) is widely used as a natural additive, and its effect on promoting fat metabolism has been reported. Here, we performed a 11-week study on C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with/without MOS supplementation, and the results showed that MOS could attenuate high-fat diet induced metabolic syndrome, including slower body weight gain, lowered serum lipids and reduced insulin resistance. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the gut microbiota indicated that MOS modulated the overall structure of the gut microbiome, which was highly correlated with MS parameters. Specifically, the intake of MOS decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and could reverse the changes in the relative abundance of several species caused by HFD, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Lactobacillus gasseri and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Thus, MOS has the potential to be used as a new prebiotic for regulating the gut microbiota and helping in attenuating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Dai Y, Wang Z, Quan M, Lv Y, Li Y, Xin HB, Qian Y. Asiatic acid protests against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of glycometabolism in rat cardiomyocyte. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3573-3582. [PMID: 30498333 PMCID: PMC6207266 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Asiatic acid is a reported glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor derived from the tropical medicinal plant Centella asiatica and exhibits myocardial protection both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of asiatic acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the modulation of glycometabolism in cardiomyocyte. Materials and methods The rats were subjected to MI/R with or without asiatic acid pretreatment. The cardiac function indexes, the size of myocardial infarction, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were detected. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. The Akt/GSK-3β activation was measured by Western blot. The glycogen content, plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were determined following MI/R. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ and GLUT4 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Asiatic acid pretreatment significantly improved the cardiac function indexes, attenuated the size of myocardial infarction, reduced LDH and CK activities, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Asiatic acid activated Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway in the myocardium following MI/R injury. In addition, asiatic acid effectively suppressed MI/R-induced glycogen breakdown and inhibited the elevation of plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Asiatic acid treatment increased PPARγ expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and promoted the translocation of GLUT4 to plasma membrane after MI/R insult. However, the effects mediated by asiatic acid on glycometabolism and GLUT4 translocation were reversed by the administration of LY294002, the Akt inhibitor. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that asiatic acid exerts beneficial effects on MI/R injury in rats. This protection may be related to the modulation of glycometabolism via Akt-dependent GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ activation in ischemic cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Minxue Quan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Yisong Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
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Abdellatif KRA, Fadaly WAA, Kamel GM, Elshaier YAMM, El-Magd MA. Design, synthesis, modeling studies and biological evaluation of thiazolidine derivatives containing pyrazole core as potential anti-diabetic PPAR-γ agonists and anti-inflammatory COX-2 selective inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:86-99. [PMID: 30278282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes and its associated inflammatory complications are important public health problems worldwide. Market limitations of drugs with dual actions as anti-inflammatory (AI) and anti-diabetic have been led to a temptation for focusing on the discovery and development of new compounds with potential AI and anti-diabetic activities. Herein, we synthesized two new series containing pyrazole ring with vicinal diaryl rings as selective COX-2 moiety and thiazolidindione (series 12a-f) or thiazolidinone (series 13a-f) as anti-diabetic moiety and the two moieties were linked together with methylene or methylenehydrazone functionality. The two series were evaluated for their COX inhibition, AI activity and ulcerogenic liability and for the anti-diabetic activity; 12a-f and 13a-f were assessed in vitro against α-glucosidase, β- glucosidase, in vivo hypoglycemic activity (one day and 15 days studies) in addition to PPARγ activation study. Four compounds (12c, 12f, 13b and 13f) had higher COX-2 S.I. (8.69-9.26) than the COX-2 selective drug celecoxib (COX-2 S.I. = 8.60) and showed the highest AI activities and the lowest ulcerogenicity than other derivatives. Also, two thiazolidindione derivatives 12e and 12f and two thiazolidinone derivatives 13b and 13c showed higher inhibitory activities against α- and β-glucosidase (% inhibitory activity = 62.15, 55.30, 65.37, 59.08 for α-glucosidase and 57.42, 60.07, 58.19, 66.90 for β-glucosidase respectively) than reference compounds (acarbose with % inhibitory activity = 49.50 for α-glucosidase and d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate with % inhibitory activity = 53.42 for β-glucosidase) and also showed good PPAR-γ activation and good hypoglycemic effect in comparison to pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. Moreover, Shape comparison and docking studies were carried out to understand their interaction and similarity with standard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R A Abdellatif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wael A A Fadaly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gehan M Kamel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshiekh University, Kafrelshiekh, 33516, Egypt
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Majumder A, Singh M, George AK, Behera J, Tyagi N, Tyagi SC. Hydrogen sulfide improves postischemic neoangiogenesis in the hind limb of cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mice via PPAR-γ/VEGF axis. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13858. [PMID: 30175474 PMCID: PMC6119702 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is a fundamental process which helps to meet energy requirements, tissue growth, and wound healing. Although previous studies showed that Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) regulates neoangiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and both VEGF and PPAR-γ expressions were inhibited during hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy), whether these two processes could trigger pathological effects in skeletal muscle via compromising neoangiogenesis has not been studied yet. Unfortunately, there are no treatment options available to date for ameliorating HHcy-mediated neoangiogenic defects. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a novel gasotransmitter that can induce PPAR-γ levels. However, patients with cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) mutation(s) cannot produce a sufficient amount of H2 S. We hypothesized that exogenous supplementation of H2 S might improve HHcy-mediated poor neoangiogenesis via the PPAR-γ/VEGF axis. To examine this, we created a hind limb femoral artery ligation (FAL) in CBS+/- mouse model and treated them with GYY4137 (a long-acting H2 S donor compound) for 21 days. To evaluate neoangiogenesis, we used barium sulfate angiography and laser Doppler blood flow measurements in the ischemic hind limbs of experimental mice post-FAL to assess blood flow. Proteins and mRNAs levels were studied by Western blots and qPCR analyses. HIF1-α, VEGF, PPAR-γ and p-eNOS expressions were attenuated in skeletal muscle of CBS+/- mice after 21 days of FAL in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice, that were improved via GYY4137 treatment. We also found that the collateral vessel density and blood flow were significantly reduced in post-FAL CBS+/- mice compared to WT mice and these effects were ameliorated by GYY4137. Moreover, we found that plasma nitrite levels were decreased in post-FAL CBS+/- mice compared to WT mice, which were mitigated by GYY4137 supplementation. These results suggest that HHcy can inhibit neoangiogenesis via antagonizing the angiogenic signal pathways encompassing PPAR-γ/VEGF axis and that GYY4137 could serve as a potential therapeutic to alleviate the harmful metabolic effects of HHcy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Akash K. George
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
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Su Y, Shen X, Chen J, Isales CM, Zhao J, Shi XM. Differentially expressed genes in PPARγ-deficient MSCs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:97-104. [PMID: 28774780 PMCID: PMC5792374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipogenesis. It is also a central player in energy metabolism, inflammation and immunity. As an important nuclear transcription factor, PPARγ can regulate the expression and function of genes or biological processes directly or indirectly via association with other factors and thus modulate their activities. To better understand the impact of PPARγ on the global gene expression profile, we evaluated the bioinformatic data, which revealed the changes that occurred in genes and their pathways in the absence of PPARγ. In brief, we performed RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis using RNA samples isolated from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of PPARγ knockout and wild type control mice. The RNA-Seq data sets were then subjected to bioinformatic analyses from various angles to better reveal the breadth of PPARγ function in different biological processes. Our results reveal novel genes and networks modulated by PPARγ and provides new insights into our understanding of the physiologic and pathophysiologic role this nuclear receptor plays in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiaona Shen
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Laha A, Majumder A, Singh M, Tyagi SC. Connecting homocysteine and obesity through pyroptosis, gut microbiome, epigenetics, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and zinc finger protein 407. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:971-976. [PMID: 29890083 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although homocysteine (Hcy), a part of the epigenome, contributes to cell death by pyroptosis and decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) levels, the mechanisms are unclear. Hcy is found in high concentrations in the sera of obese individuals, which can elicit an immune response as well by hypermethylating CpG islands of specific gene promoters, a marker of epigenetics. Hcy has also been established to chelate divalent metal ions like Cu2+ and Zn2+, but this role of Hcy has not been established in relationship with obesity. It has been known for a while that PPARγ dysregulation results in various metabolic disorders including glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, zinc finger protein 407 (Zfp407) is reported to regulate PPARγ target gene expression without affecting PPARγ transcript and protein levels by synergistically working with PPARγ. However, the mechanism(s) of this synergy, as well as other factors contributing to or inhibiting this synergism, have not been proven. This review suggests that Hcy contributes to pyroptosis, changes gut microbiome, and alters PPARγ-dependent mechanism(s) via Zfp407-mediated upregulated adipogenesis and misbalanced fatty acid metabolism, which can predispose to obesity and, consequently, obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Avisek Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Poganik JR, Long MJC, Aye Y. Getting the Message? Native Reactive Electrophiles Pass Two Out of Three Thresholds to be Bona Fide Signaling Mediators. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700240. [PMID: 29603288 PMCID: PMC6488019 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision cell signaling activities of reactive electrophilic species (RES) are arguably among the most poorly-understood means to transmit biological messages. Latest research implicates native RES to be a chemically-distinct subset of endogenous redox signals that influence cell decision making through non-enzyme-assisted modifications of specific proteins. Yet, fundamental questions remain regarding the role of RES as bona fide second messengers. Here, we lay out three sets of criteria we feel need to be met for RES to be considered as true cellular signals that directly mediate information transfer by modifying "first-responding" sensor proteins. We critically assess the available evidence and define the extent to which each criterion has been fulfilled. Finally, we offer some ideas on the future trajectories of the electrophile signaling field taking inspiration from work that has been done to understand canonical signaling mediators. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/rG7o0clVP0c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Poganik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY 10065, USA
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49
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Han Q, Yuan Q, Meng X, Huo J, Bao Y, Xie G. 6-Shogaol attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells by activating PPAR-γ. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42001-42006. [PMID: 28410218 PMCID: PMC5522044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Shogaol, a pungent agent isolated from Zingiber officinale Roscoe, has been known to have anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and biological mechanism of 6-Shogaol in LPS-activated BV2 microglia remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of 6-Shogaol in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. 6-Shogaol was administrated 1 h before LPS treatment. The production of inflammatory mediators were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB and PPAR-γ were detected by western blot analysis. Our results revealed that 6-Shogaol inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 production in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, 6-Shogaol inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In addition, 6-Shogaol could increase the expression of PPAR-γ. Moreover, inhibition of PPAR-γ by GW9662 could prevent the inhibition of 6-Shogaol on LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production. In conclusion, 6-Shogaol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by activating PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qinghai Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Junyuan Huo
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yuxin Bao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Guanghong Xie
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Montani L, Pereira JA, Norrmén C, Pohl HBF, Tinelli E, Trötzmüller M, Figlia G, Dimas P, von Niederhäusern B, Schwager R, Jessberger S, Semenkovich CF, Köfeler HC, Suter U. De novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells is essential for peripheral nervous system myelination. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1353-1368. [PMID: 29434029 PMCID: PMC5881495 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Montani et al. reveal that de novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells, mediated by fatty acid synthase, contributes fundamentally to driving myelination in the peripheral nervous system. They identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putatively involved functional mechanism. Myelination calls for a remarkable surge in cell metabolism to facilitate lipid and membrane production. Endogenous fatty acid (FA) synthesis represents a potentially critical process in myelinating glia. Using genetically modified mice, we show that Schwann cell (SC) intrinsic activity of the enzyme essential for de novo FA synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is crucial for precise lipid composition of peripheral nerves and fundamental for the correct onset of myelination and proper myelin growth. Upon FASN depletion in SCs, epineurial adipocytes undergo lipolysis, suggestive of a compensatory role. Mechanistically, we found that a lack of FASN in SCs leads to an impairment of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ–regulated transcriptional program. In agreement, defects in myelination of FASN-deficient SCs could be ameliorated by treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone ex vivo and in vivo. Our results reveal that FASN-driven de novo FA synthesis in SCs is mandatory for myelination and identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putative downstream functional mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montani
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge A Pereira
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Norrmén
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut B F Pohl
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Lipidomics Center for Medical Research, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Dimas
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Belinda von Niederhäusern
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Schwager
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Lipidomics Center for Medical Research, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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