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Huang F, Mao F, Nong W, Gong Z, Lao D, Huang W. Inhibiting Caveolin-1-Related Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Protects Against N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation-Mediated Dysfunction of Blood-Brain Barrier in vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4166-4177. [PMID: 38066401 PMCID: PMC11236913 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to further explore the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) related Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction caused by NMDAR activation. METHODS The cell localization of NMDAR GluN1 subunit and Cav-1 was observed on human brain microvascular HBEC-5i cells after immunofluorescence double staining. The transendothelial resistance (TEER) of BBB in vitro was measured by Millicell-ERS cell resistance meter. Sodium fluorescein (SF) was used to measure the permeability of BBB in vitro. A stable Cav-1-silenced HBEC-5i cell line was established by infecting the cells with a lentivirus encoding Cav-1 shRNA. The changes of the protein and mRNA of MMP9 and Occludin induced by NMDA were detected by Western blot (WB) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. The phosphorylated proteins of Cav-1, Akt, and mTOR were detected by WB. RESULTS NMDAR GluN1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and part of the cell membrane of the HBEC-5i cell line. NMDAR activation decreased TEER and increased the SF of BBB in vitro. HBEC-5i cells incubated with NMDA enhanced the phosphorylation of Cav-1, Akt, and mTOR, also promoting the expression of MMP9 along with the degradation of Occludin. These effects could be reversed by pretreatment with NMDAR antagonist (MK801) or Cav-1 antagonist (Daidzein), or Akt antagonist (LY294002), respectively. Further silencing Cav-1 with LV-Cav-1-RNAi also played a similar protective effect. CONCLUSION Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) related Akt/mTOR signaling probably contributes to BBB dysfunction by activating NMDAR on human brain microvascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, #6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengping Mao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, #6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Weidong Nong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, #6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuowei Gong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, #6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dayuan Lao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, #6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, #6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Suzuki N, Oota-Ishigaki A, Kaizuka T, Itoh M, Yamazaki M, Natsume R, Abe M, Sakimura K, Mishina M, Hayashi T. Limb-Clasping Response in NMDA Receptor Palmitoylation-Deficient Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04166-9. [PMID: 38592586 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Proper regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDA receptor) expression is responsible for excitatory synaptic functions in the mammalian brain. NMDA receptor dysfunction can cause various neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation, the covalent attachment of palmitic acid to intracellular cysteine residues via thioester bonds, occurs in the carboxyl terminus of GluN2B, which is the major regulatory NMDA receptor subunit. Mutations of three palmitoylatable cysteine residues in the membrane-proximal cluster of GluN2B to non-palmitoylatable serine (3CS) lead to the dephosphorylation of GluN2B Tyr1472 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, inducing a reduction in the surface expression of GluN2B-containig NMDA receptors. Furthermore, adult GluN2B 3CS homozygous mice demonstrated a definite clasping response without abnormalities in the gross brain structure, other neurological reflexes, or expression levels of synaptic proteins in the cerebrum. This behavioral disorder, observed in the GluN2B 3CS knock-in mice, indicated that complex higher brain functions are coordinated through the palmitoylation-dependent regulation of NMDA receptors in excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Suzuki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Akiko Oota-Ishigaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Toshie Kaizuka
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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3
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Gong R, Qin L, Chen L, Wang N, Bao Y, Lu W. Myosin Va-dependent Transport of NMDA Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-023-01174-y. [PMID: 38291290 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) trafficking is a key process in the regulation of synaptic efficacy and brain function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the surface transport of NMDARs is largely unknown. Here we identified myosin Va (MyoVa) as the specific motor protein that traffics NMDARs in hippocampal neurons. We found that MyoVa associates with NMDARs through its cargo binding domain. This association was increased during NMDAR surface transport. Knockdown of MyoVa suppressed NMDAR transport. We further demonstrated that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates NMDAR transport through its direct interaction with MyoVa. Furthermore, MyoVa employed Rab11 family-interacting protein 3 (Rab11/FIP3) as the adaptor proteins to couple themselves with NMDARs during their transport. Accordingly, the knockdown of FIP3 impairs hippocampal memory. Together, we conclude that in hippocampal neurons, MyoVa conducts active transport of NMDARs in a CaMKII-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Gong
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Linwei Qin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yifei Bao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Varadi G. Mechanism of Analgesia by Gabapentinoid Drugs: Involvement of Modulation of Synaptogenesis and Trafficking of Glutamate-Gated Ion Channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:121-133. [PMID: 37918854 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gabapentinoids have clinically been used for treating epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and several other neurologic disorders for >30 years; however, the definitive molecular mechanism responsible for their therapeutic actions remained uncertain. The conventional pharmacological observation regarding their efficacy in chronic pain modulation is the weakening of glutamate release at presynaptic terminals in the spinal cord. While the α2/δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) has been identified as the primary drug receptor for gabapentinoids, the lack of consistent effect of this drug class on VGCC function is indicative of a minor role in regulating this ion channel's activity. The current review targets the efficacy and mechanism of gabapentinoids in treating chronic pain. The discovery of interaction of α2/δ-1 with thrombospondins established this protein as a major synaptogenic neuronal receptor for thrombospondins. Other findings identified α2/δ-1 as a powerful regulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) by potentiating the synaptic expression, a putative pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain. Further, the interdependent interactions between thrombospondin and α2/δ-1 contribute to chronic pain states, while gabapentinoid ligands efficaciously reverse such pain conditions. Gabapentin normalizes and even blocks NMDAR and AMPAR synaptic targeting and activity elicited by nerve injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gabapentinoid drugs are used to treat various neurological conditions including chronic pain. In chronic pain states, gene expression of cacnα2/δ-1 and thrombospondins are upregulated and promote aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis. The complex trait of protein associations that involve interdependent interactions between α2/δ-1 and thrombospondins, further, association of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor with the C-tail of α2/δ-1, constitutes a macromolecular signaling complex that forms the crucial elements for the pharmacological mode of action of gabapentinoids.
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Katano T, Konno K, Takao K, Abe M, Yoshikawa A, Miyakawa T, Sakimura K, Watanabe M, Ito S, Kobayashi T. Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein, a component of the post-synaptic density protein complexes, contributes to learning and memory. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22027. [PMID: 38086879 PMCID: PMC10716515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein (BEGAIN) is highly enriched in the post-synaptic density (PSD) fraction and was identified in our previous study as a protein associated with neuropathic pain in the spinal dorsal horn. PSD protein complexes containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are known to be involved in neuropathic pain. Since these PSD proteins also participate in learning and memory, BEGAIN is also expected to play a crucial role in this behavior. To verify this, we first examined the distribution of BEGAIN in the brain. We found that BEGAIN was widely distributed in the brain and highly expressed in the dendritic regions of the hippocampus. Moreover, we found that BEGAIN was concentrated in the PSD fraction of the hippocampus. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that BEGAIN was localized at the asymmetric synapses. Behavioral tests were performed using BEGAIN-knockout (KO) mice to determine the contribution of BEGAIN toward learning and memory. Spatial reference memory and reversal learning in the Barns circular maze test along with contextual fear and cued fear memory in the contextual and cued fear conditioning test were significantly impaired in BEGAIN-KO mice compared to with those in wild-type mice. Thus, this study reveals that BEGAIN is a component of the post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses involved in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayo Katano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Section of Behavior Patterns, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, NINS, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akari Yoshikawa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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Dai Y, Wang S, Yang M, Zhuo P, Ding Y, Li X, Cao Y, Guo X, Lin H, Tao J, Chen L, Liu W. Electroacupuncture protective effects after cerebral ischemia are mediated through miR-219a inhibition. Biol Res 2023; 56:36. [PMID: 37391839 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary and alternative therapy which has shown protective effects on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. METHODS Rat models of VCI were established with cerebral ischemia using occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or bilateral common carotid artery. The brain structure and function imaging were measured through animal MRI. miRNA expression was detected by chip and qPCR. Synaptic functional plasticity was detected using electrophysiological techniques. RESULTS This study demonstrated the enhancement of Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) activity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the entorhinal cortical (EC) and hippocampus (HIP) in response to EA treatment. miR-219a was selected and confirmed to be elevated in HIP and EC in VCI but decreased after EA. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor1 (NMDAR1) was identified as the target gene of miR-219a. miR-219a regulated NMDAR-mediated autaptic currents, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), and long-term potentiation (LTP) of the EC-HIP CA1 circuit influencing synaptic plasticity. EA was able to inhibit miR-219a, enhancing synaptic plasticity of the EC-HIP CA1 circuit and increasing expression of NMDAR1 while promoting the phosphorylation of downstream calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), improving overall learning and memory in VCI rat models. CONCLUSION Inhibition of miR-219a ameliorates VCI by regulating NMDAR-mediated synaptic plasticity in animal models of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Dai
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Sinuo Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhuo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yanyi Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jing Tao
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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7
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miR-34a regulates silent synapse and synaptic plasticity in mature hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 222:102404. [PMID: 36642095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AMPAR-lacking silent synapses are prevailed and essential for synaptic refinement and synaptic plasticity in developing brains. In mature brain, they are sparse but could be induced under several pathological conditions. How they are regulated molecularly is far from clear. miR-34a is a highly conserved and brain-enriched microRNA with age-dependent upregulated expression profile. Its neuronal function in mature brain remains to be revealed. Here by analyzing synaptic properties of the heterozygous miR-34a knock out mice (34a_ht), we have discovered that mature but not juvenile 34a_ht mice have more silent synapses in the hippocampus accompanied with enhanced synaptic NMDAR but not AMPAR function and increased spine density. As a result, 34a_ht mice display enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer collateral synapses and better spatial learning and memory. We further found that Creb1 is a direct target of miR-34a, whose upregulation and activation may mediate the silent synapse increment in 34a_ht mice. Hence, we reveal a novel physiological role of miR-34a in mature brains and provide a molecular mechanism underlying silent synapse regulation.
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8
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Trafficking of NMDA receptors is essential for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111217. [PMID: 35977502 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDAR) plays a vital role in brain development and normal physiological functions. Surface trafficking of NMDAR contributes to the modulation of synaptic functions and information processing. However, it remains unclear whether NMDAR trafficking is independent of long-term potentiation (LTP) and whether it regulates behavior. Here, we report that LTP of AMPAR and NMDAR can occur concurrently and that NMDAR trafficking can regulate AMPAR trafficking and AMPAR-mediated LTP. By contrast, AMPAR trafficking does not impact NMDAR-mediated LTP. Using SAP97-interfering peptide and SAP97 knockin (KI) rat, we show that the effect is mediated by GluN2A-subunit-containing NMDARs. At the behavior level, impaired NMDAR trafficking results in deficits in consolidation, but not acquisition, of fear memory. Collectively, our results suggest the essential role of NMDAR trafficking in LTP and memory consolidation.
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Zhu S, Yu J, Wu Y, Peng J, Xie X, Zhang X, Xie H, Sui L. Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis-Associated Seizures. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:282-295. [PMID: 35580556 DOI: 10.1159/000524783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are a very common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), ranging from 33% to 100% depending on the antigen, most often accompanied by other clinical features such as behavioral changes, movement disorders, memory deficits, autoimmune disturbances, and altered levels of consciousness. Unusual seizure frequency, resistance to antiepileptic treatment, and often, definitive response to immunotherapy emphasize the importance for neurologists to consider the probable etiology of immune disorders. Studies on pathogenic mechanisms of autoantibodies have improved the understanding of different pathophysiologies and clinical characteristics of different AE groups. In encephalitis with antibodies to neuronal extracellular antigens, autoantibodies play a direct role in disease pathogenesis. They have access to target antigens and can potentially alter the structure and function of antigens but induce relatively little neuronal death. Prompt immunotherapy is usually very effective, and long-term antiepileptic treatment may not be needed. In contrast, in encephalitis with antibodies against intracellular antigens, autoantibodies may not be directly pathogenic but serve as tumor markers. These autoantibodies cannot reach intracellular target antigens and are considered to result from a T-cell-mediated immune response against antigens released by apoptotic tumor cells, which contain nerve tissue or express neuronal proteins. Neuronal loss is frequently described and predominantly induced through cytotoxic T-cell mechanisms. They often exhibit an inadequate response to immunotherapy and require early tumor treatment. Long-term antiepileptic treatment is usually needed. In conclusion, each neural autoantibody can specifically precipitate seizures. Early proper management of these cases may help prevent neurological deterioration and manage the occurrence of seizures. Consequently, confirmation of the presence of neuronal autoantibodies is strongly recommended even in patients with confirmed AE, as they are not only essential in achieving a good outcome but also may provide evidence for underlying neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Zhu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Peng
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Xie
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisen Sui
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Carvajal FJ, Cerpa W. Regulation of Phosphorylated State of NMDA Receptor by STEP 61 Phosphatase after Mild-Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101575. [PMID: 34679709 PMCID: PMC8533270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) mediates neuronal death through several events involving many molecular pathways, including the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity for excessive stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), producing activation of death signaling pathways. However, the contribution of NMDARs (distribution and signaling-associated to the distribution) remains incompletely understood. We propose a critical role of STEP61 (Striatal-Enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) in TBI; this phosphatase regulates the dephosphorylated state of the GluN2B subunit through two pathways: by direct dephosphorylation of tyrosine-1472 and indirectly via dephosphorylation and inactivation of Fyn kinase. We previously demonstrated oxidative stress’s contribution to NMDAR signaling and distribution using SOD2+/− mice such a model. We performed TBI protocol using a controlled frontal impact device using C57BL/6 mice and SOD2+/− animals. After TBI, we found alterations in cognitive performance, NMDAR-dependent synaptic function (decreased synaptic form of NMDARs and decreased synaptic current NMDAR-dependent), and increased STEP61 activity. These changes are reduced partially with the STEP61-inhibitor TC-2153 treatment in mice subjected to TBI protocol. This study contributes with evidence about the role of STEP61 in the neuropathological progression after TBI and also the alteration in their activity, such as an early biomarker of synaptic damage in traumatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2354-2656; Fax: +56-2-2354-2660
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Feng J, Li JZ, Mao XM, Wang Q, Li SP, Wang CY. Real-time detection and imaging of exogenous and endogenous Zn 2+ in the PC12 cell model of depression with a NIR fluorescent probe. Analyst 2021; 146:3971-3976. [PMID: 33997880 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is closely related to overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, and Zn2+ is a vital NMDA receptor modulator involved in the pathophysiological and physiological processes of depression. Therefore, quantitative and real-time detection of Zn2+ is very important for understanding the pathogenesis of depression. In this work, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe ISO-DPA was designed and synthesized for Zn2+ detection with a large Stokes shift (185 nm), high quantum yield (up to 44%), high sensitivity (LOD = 0.106 μM) and good pH stability. The probe showed rapid response within 10 s, accompanied by a distinct fluorescence change from faint to bright pink with the fluorescence intensity increasing 4.5-fold. Moreover, the sensing mechanism of ISO-DPA towards Zn2+ was supported by MALDI-TOF-MS and Job's plot. The probe ISO-DPA could detect instantaneous variation of exogenous and endogenous Zn2+ in PC12 cells. The bioimaging results reveal the increase of the endogenous Zn2+ concentration in PC12 cells under the oxidative stress induced by glutamate and confirm that overactivation of NMDA receptors results in an increase of the Zn2+ level. All the results proved that ISO-DPA is an excellent probe for detecting Zn2+ in solution and living cells and could help us better understand Zn2+ associated pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xi-Mo Mao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Su-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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12
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Lasseigne AM, Echeverry FA, Ijaz S, Michel JC, Martin EA, Marsh AJ, Trujillo E, Marsden KC, Pereda AE, Miller AC. Electrical synaptic transmission requires a postsynaptic scaffolding protein. eLife 2021; 10:e66898. [PMID: 33908867 PMCID: PMC8081524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical synaptic transmission relies on neuronal gap junctions containing channels constructed by Connexins. While at chemical synapses neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are critically supported by scaffolding proteins, it is unknown if channels at electrical synapses require similar scaffold support. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between neuronal Connexins and Zonula Occludens 1 (ZO1), an intracellular scaffolding protein localized to electrical synapses. Using model electrical synapses in zebrafish Mauthner cells, we demonstrated that ZO1 is required for robust synaptic Connexin localization, but Connexins are dispensable for ZO1 localization. Disrupting this hierarchical ZO1/Connexin relationship abolishes electrical transmission and disrupts Mauthner cell-initiated escape responses. We found that ZO1 is asymmetrically localized exclusively postsynaptically at neuronal contacts where it functions to assemble intercellular channels. Thus, forming functional neuronal gap junctions requires a postsynaptic scaffolding protein. The critical function of a scaffolding molecule reveals an unanticipated complexity of molecular and functional organization at electrical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Sundas Ijaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | | | - E Anne Martin
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Audrey J Marsh
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Elisa Trujillo
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
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13
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AMPA and NMDA Receptor Trafficking at Cocaine-Generated Synapses. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1996-2011. [PMID: 33436529 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1918-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine experience generates AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-silent synapses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which are thought to be new synaptic contacts enriched in GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs). After drug withdrawal, some of these synapses mature by recruiting AMPARs, strengthening the newly established synaptic transmission. Silent synapse generation and maturation are two consecutive cellular steps through which NAc circuits are profoundly remodeled to promote cue-induced cocaine seeking after drug withdrawal. However, the basic cellular processes that mediate these two critical steps remains underexplored. Using a combination of electrophysiology, viral-mediated gene transfer, and confocal imaging in male rats as well as knock-in (KI) mice of both sexes, our current study characterized the dynamic roles played by AMPARs and NMDARs in generation and maturation of silent synapses on NAc medium spiny neurons after cocaine self-administration and withdrawal. We report that cocaine-induced generation of silent synapses not only required synaptic insertion of GluN2B-containing NMDARs, but also, counterintuitively, involved insertion of AMPARs, which subsequently internalized, resulting in the AMPAR-silent state on withdrawal day 1. Furthermore, GluN2B NMDARs functioned to maintain these cocaine-generated synapses in the AMPAR-silent state during drug withdrawal, until they were replaced by nonGluN2B NMDARs, a switch that allowed AMPAR recruitment and maturation of silent synapses. These results reveal dynamic interactions between AMPARs and NMDARs during the generation and maturation of silent synapses after cocaine experience and provide a mechanistic basis through which new synaptic contacts and possibly new neural network patterns created by these synapses can be manipulated for therapeutic benefit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Studies over the past decade reveal a critical role of AMPA receptor-silent, NMDA receptor-containing synapses in forming cocaine-related memories that drive cocaine relapse. However, it remains incompletely understood how AMPA and NMDA receptors traffic at these synapses during their generation and maturation. The current study characterizes a two-step AMPA receptor trafficking cascade that contributes to the generation of silent synapses in response to cocaine experience, and a two-step NMDA receptor trafficking cascade that contributes to the maturation of these synapses after cocaine withdrawal. These results depict a highly regulated cellular procedure through which nascent glutamatergic synapses are generated in the adult brain after drug experience and provide significant insight into the roles of glutamate receptors in synapse formation and maturation.
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14
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Fyk-Kolodziej BE, Ghoddoussi F, Mueller PJ. Neuroplasticity in N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor signaling in subregions of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla following sedentary versus physically active conditions. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:2311-2331. [PMID: 33347606 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a brain region involved in normal regulation of the cardiovascular system and heightened sympathoexcitatory states of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among major risk factors for CVD, sedentary lifestyles contribute to higher mortality than other modifiable risk factors. Previous studies suggest excessive glutamatergic excitation of presympathetic neurons in the RVLM occurs in sedentary animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine neuroplasticity in the glutamatergic system in the RVLM of sedentary and physically active rats. We hypothesized that relative to active rats, sedentary rats would exhibit higher expression of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor subunits (GluN), phosphoGluN1, and the excitatory scaffold protein postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), while achieving higher glutamate levels. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were divided into sedentary and active (running wheel) conditions for 10-12 weeks. We used retrograde tracing/triple-labeling techniques, western blotting, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report in sedentary versus physically active rats: 1) fewer bulbospinal non-C1 neurons positive for GluN1, 2) significantly higher expression of GluN1 and GluN2B but lower levels of phosphoGluN1 (pSer896) and PSD95, and 3) higher levels of glutamate in the RVLM. Higher GluN expression is consistent with enhanced sympathoexcitation in sedentary animals; however, a more complex neuroplasticity occurs within subregions of the ventrolateral medulla. Our results in rodents may also indicate that alterations in glutamatergic excitation of the RVLM contribute to the increased incidence of CVD in humans who lead sedentary lifestyles. Thus, there is a strong need to further pursue mechanisms of inactivity-related neuroplasticity in the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena E Fyk-Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Farhad Ghoddoussi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick J Mueller
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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15
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Chen C, Xu D, Zhang ZH, Jia SZ, Cao XC, Chen YB, Song GL, Wong MS, Li HW. Cognitive improvement and synaptic deficit attenuation by a multifunctional carbazole-based cyanine in AD mice model through regulation of Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Hayashi T. Post-translational palmitoylation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in excitatory synaptic functions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:784-797. [PMID: 32159240 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian CNS, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter. Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are responsible for the glutamate-mediated postsynaptic excitation of neurons. Regulation of glutamatergic synapses is critical for higher brain functions including neural communication, memory formation, learning, emotion, and behaviour. Many previous studies have shown that post-translational protein S-palmitoylation, the only reversible covalent attachment of lipid to protein, regulates synaptic expression, intracellular localization, and membrane trafficking of iGluRs and their scaffolding proteins in neurons. This modification mechanism is extremely conserved in the vertebrate lineages. The failure of appropriate palmitoylation-dependent regulation of iGluRs leads to hyperexcitability that reduces the maintenance of network stability, resulting in brain disorders, such as epileptic seizures. This review summarizes advances in the study of palmitoylation of iGluRs, especially AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors, and describes the current understanding of palmitoylation-dependent regulation of excitatory glutamatergic synapses. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hayashi
- Section of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Wang X, Bai X, Su D, Zhang Y, Li P, Lu S, Gong Y, Zhang W, Tang B. Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging Reveals N-Methyl-d-aspartic Acid Receptor Dependent Zn 2+/H + Flux in the Brains of Mice with Depression. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4101-4107. [PMID: 32037810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is immensely attributed to the overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in the brains. As regulatory binding partners of NMDA receptor, both Zn2+ and H+ are intimately interrelated to NMDA receptor's activity. Therefore, exploring synergistic changes on the levels of Zn2+ and H+ in brains will promote the knowledge and treatment of depression. However, the lack of efficient, appropriate imaging tools limits simultaneously tracking Zn2+ and H+ in living mouse brains. Thus, a well-designed dual-color fluorescent probe (DNP) was fabricated for the simultaneous monitoring of Zn2+ and H+ in the brains of mice with depression. Encountering Zn2+, the probe evoked bright blue fluorescence at 460 nm. Meanwhile, the red fluorescence at 680 nm was decreased with H+ addition. With blue/red dual fluorescence signal of DNP, we observed the synchronous increased Zn2+ and H+ in PC12 cells under oxidative stress. Notably, in vivo imaging for the first time revealed the simultaneous reduction of Zn2+ and pH in brains of mice with depression-like behaviors. Further results implied that the NMDA receptor might be responsible for the coinstantaneous fluctuation of Zn2+ and H+ during depression. Altogether, this work is conducive to the knowledge of neural signal transduction mechanisms, advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Gong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ryu HH, Kim SY, Lee YS. Connecting the dots between SHP2 and glutamate receptors. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:129-135. [PMID: 32140036 PMCID: PMC7043995 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SHP2 is an unusual protein phosphatase that functions as an activator for several signaling pathways, including the RAS pathway, while most other phosphatases suppress their downstream signaling cascades. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of SHP2 have been extensively studied in the field of cancer research. Mutations in the PTPN11 gene which encodes SHP2 are also highly associated with developmental disorders, such as Noonan syndrome (NS), and cognitive deficits including learning disabilities are common among NS patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism by which SHP2 is involved in cognitive functions is not well understood. Recent studies using SHP2 mutant mice or pharmacological inhibitors have shown that SHP2 plays critical role in learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent studies demonstrating that SHP2 is involved in synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory, by the regulation of the expression and/or function of glutamate receptors. We suggest that each cell type may have distinct paths connecting the dots between SHP2 and glutamate receptors, and these paths may also change with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sun Yong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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19
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Kumar A. Calcium Signaling During Brain Aging and Its Influence on the Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:985-1012. [PMID: 31646542 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are highly versatile intracellular signaling molecules and are universal second messenger for regulating a variety of cellular and physiological functions including synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ homeostasis in the central nervous system endures subtle dysregulation with advancing age. Research has provided abundant evidence that brain aging is associated with altered neuronal Ca2+ regulation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during aging. The current chapter takes a specific perspective, assessing various Ca2+ sources and the influence of aging on Ca2+ sources and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and synaptic plasticity mechanisms will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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20
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Wolpaw JR, Millán JDR, Ramsey NF. Brain-computer interfaces: Definitions and principles. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 168:15-23. [PMID: 32164849 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63934-9.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, the central nervous system (CNS) interacts with the world and with the body by activating muscles and excreting hormones. In contrast, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) quantify CNS activity and translate it into new artificial outputs that replace, restore, enhance, supplement, or improve the natural CNS outputs. BCIs thereby modify the interactions between the CNS and the environment. Unlike the natural CNS outputs that come from spinal and brainstem motoneurons, BCI outputs come from brain signals that represent activity in other CNS areas, such as the sensorimotor cortex. If BCIs are to be useful for important communication and control tasks in real life, the CNS must control these brain signals nearly as reliably and accurately as it controls spinal motoneurons. To do this, they might, for example, need to incorporate software that mimics the function of the subcortical and spinal mechanisms that participate in normal movement control. The realization of high reliability and accuracy is perhaps the most difficult and critical challenge now facing BCI research and development. The ongoing adaptive modifications that maintain effective natural CNS outputs take place primarily in the CNS. The adaptive modifications that maintain effective BCI outputs can also take place in the BCI. This means that the BCI operation depends on the effective collaboration of two adaptive controllers, the CNS and the BCI. Realization of this second adaptive controller, the BCI, and management of its interactions with concurrent adaptations in the CNS comprise another complex and critical challenge for BCI development. BCIs can use different kinds of brain signals recorded in different ways from different brain areas. Decisions about which signals recorded in which ways from which brain areas should be selected for which applications are empirical questions that can only be properly answered by experiments. BCIs, like other communication and control technologies, often face artifacts that contaminate or imitate their chosen signals. Noninvasive BCIs (e.g., EEG- or fNIRS-based) need to take special care to avoid interpreting nonbrain signals (e.g., cranial EMG) as brain signals. This typically requires comprehensive topographical and spectral evaluations. In theory, the outputs of BCIs can select a goal or control a process. In the future, the most effective BCIs will probably be those that combine goal selection and process control so as to distribute control between the BCI and the application in a fashion suited to the current action. Through such distribution, BCIs may most effectively imitate natural CNS operation. The primary measure of BCI development is the extent to which BCI systems benefit people with neuromuscular disorders. Thus, BCI clinical evaluation, validation, and dissemination is a key step. It is at the same time a complex and difficult process that depends on multidisciplinary collaboration and management of the demanding requirements of clinical studies. Twenty-five years ago, BCI research was an esoteric endeavor pursued in only a few isolated laboratories. It is now a steadily growing field that engages many hundreds of scientists, engineers, and clinicians throughout the world in an increasingly interconnected community that is addressing the key issues and pursuing the high potential of BCI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Wolpaw
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies and Stratton VA Medical Center, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - José Del R Millán
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nick F Ramsey
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Lu Y, Ding X, Wu X, Huang S. Ketamine inhibits LPS‐mediated BV2 microglial inflammation via NMDA receptor blockage. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:229-237. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128 Shenyang road Shanghai200090China
| | - Xiaonan Ding
- Department of Anaesthesiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University No.12 Middle Wulumuqi road Shanghai200040China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Fudan University No. 270 Dongan road Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University No. 270 Dongan road Shanghai China
| | - Shaoqiang Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128 Shenyang road Shanghai200090China
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22
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Teppola H, Aćimović J, Linne ML. Unique Features of Network Bursts Emerge From the Complex Interplay of Excitatory and Inhibitory Receptors in Rat Neocortical Networks. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:377. [PMID: 31555093 PMCID: PMC6742722 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous network activity plays a fundamental role in the formation of functional networks during early development. The landmark of this activity is the recurrent emergence of intensive time-limited network bursts (NBs) rapidly spreading across the entire dissociated culture in vitro. The main excitatory mediators of NBs are glutamatergic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and N-Methyl-D-aspartic-acid receptors (NMDARs) that express fast and slow ion channel kinetics, respectively. The fast inhibition of the activity is mediated through gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs). Although the AMPAR, NMDAR and GABAAR kinetics have been biophysically characterized in detail at the monosynaptic level in a variety of brain areas, the unique features of NBs emerging from the kinetics and the complex interplay of these receptors are not well understood. The goal of this study is to analyze the contribution of fast GABAARs on AMPAR- and NMDAR- mediated spontaneous NB activity in dissociated neonatal rat cortical cultures at 3 weeks in vitro. The networks were probed by both acute and gradual application of each excitatory receptor antagonist and combinations of acute excitatory and inhibitory receptor antagonists. At the same time, the extracellular network-wide activity was recorded with microelectrode arrays (MEAs). We analyzed the characteristic NB measures extracted from NB rate profiles and the distributions of interspike intervals, interburst intervals, and electrode recruitment time as well as the similarity of spatio-temporal patterns of network activity under different receptor antagonists. We show that NBs were rapidly initiated and recruited as well as diversely propagated by AMPARs and temporally and spatially maintained by NMDARs. GABAARs reduced the spiking frequency in AMPAR-mediated networks and dampened the termination of NBs in NMDAR-mediated networks as well as slowed down the recruitment of activity in all networks. Finally, we show characteristic super bursts composed of slow NBs with highly repetitive spatio-temporal patterns in gradually AMPAR blocked networks. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to unravel in detail how the three main mediators of synaptic transmission uniquely shape the NB characteristics, such as the initiation, maintenance, recruitment and termination of NBs in cortical cell cultures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Teppola
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jugoslava Aćimović
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Linne
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Kim H, Hur SW, Park JB, Seo J, Shin JJ, Kim S, Kim M, Han DH, Park J, Park JM, Kim SJ, Chun Y. Histone demethylase PHF2 activates CREB and promotes memory consolidation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e45907. [PMID: 31359606 PMCID: PMC6726911 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory formation is attributed to experience-dependent gene expression. Dynamic changes in histone methylation are essential for the epigenetic regulation of memory consolidation-related genes. Here, we demonstrate that the plant homeodomain finger protein 2 (PHF2) histone demethylase is upregulated in the mouse hippocampus during the experience phase and plays an essential role in memory formation. PHF2 promotes the expression of memory-related genes by epigenetically reinforcing the TrkB-CREB signaling pathway. In behavioral tests, memory formation is enhanced by transgenic overexpression of PHF2 in mice, but is impaired by silencing PHF2 in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological studies reveal that PHF2 elevates field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and NMDA receptor-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in CA1 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that PHF2 promotes long-term potentiation. This study provides insight into the epigenetic regulation of learning and memory formation, which advances our knowledge to improve memory in patients with degenerative brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye‐Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sung Won Hur
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jae Jin Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Center for cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
| | - Seon‐Young Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Myoung‐Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Do Hyun Han
- Proteomics Core FacilityBiomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Jong‐Wan Park
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yang‐Sook Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Sadat-Shirazi MS, Ashabi G, Hessari MB, Khalifeh S, Neirizi NM, Matloub M, Safarzadeh M, Vousooghi N, Zarrindast MR. NMDA receptors of blood lymphocytes anticipate cognitive performance variations in healthy volunteers. Physiol Behav 2018; 201:53-58. [PMID: 30553898 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) system, temporarily stores information and uses this information for complex cognitive tasks. WM connects memory, emotional feelings and perception. Evidence compelling that N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression relatively affect WM performance in animal models. It has been suggested some peripheral blood lymphocyte's (PBL) receptors are similar with neuronal receptors in the brain, so we measured PBL's receptors changes as a marker of the neuronal receptor. In this study, we examined one hundred adult men with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a tool for primary screening for executive function (EF) which include WM. Then, we selected fifty individuals with high and low WCST scores. With digit span and symmetry span tasks, we screened 20 samples for high WM group and 19 samples for low WM group. After separating PBL, we measured mRNA expression level changes in NMDAR subunits with Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. We demonstrated that GluN2D increased and GluN3A decreased in individuals with high WM compared with the low WM (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively). The expression levels of GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN3B were not altered between two groups (P > .05). Modifying the PBL receptors could be future approaches to defend memory loss and concentrate the senses over WM-related processes in physiological and pathological statuses. We hypothesized that increasing in GluN2 subunits and decreasing in GluN3 subunits led to improving current via NMDAR and subsequently affect WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Monfared Neirizi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Matloub
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarzadeh
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Wu Q, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhu M, Miao C. Propofol attenuates BV2 microglia inflammation via NMDA receptor inhibition. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:241-248. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated microglia, involved in the occurrence and improvement of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, can induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes, resulting in inflammation-mediated neuronal cell death. It was reported that propofol could inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and pro-inflammatory enzyme expression in BV2 and primary microglial cells. However, the underlying mechanism is not well known. In the present study, we investigated whether and how propofol inhibited LPS-induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes in BV2 cells. LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and pro-inflammatory enzyme expression, NF-κB, extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), calcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) phosphorylation, and BV2 cell Ca2+ accumulation. Propofol could reverse these effects induced by LPS. MK801, an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor, could attenuate LPS-induced Ca2+ accumulation, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes, and phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, and CaMK II, which was similar to propofol. Moreover, these effects of propofol could be counteracted by rapastinel, an activator of the NMDA receptor. The present study suggested that propofol, via inhibiting the NMDA receptor, attenuating Ca2+ accumulation, and inhibiting CaMK II, ERK1/2, and NF-κB phosphorylation, down-regulated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and pro-inflammatory enzyme expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Role of α7nAChR-NMDAR in sevoflurane-induced memory deficits in the developing rat hippocampus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192498. [PMID: 29401517 PMCID: PMC5798850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Detrimental effects of volatile anaesthetics, including sevoflurane, on the structure and function of the developing brain have been reported. The internalization of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) contributes to anaesthetic neurotoxicity. Both nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and NMDAR play a critical role in the development of the nervous system. Moreover, nAChR can interact with NMDAR, and previous studies have demonstrated modulation of NMDAR by nAChR. In our study, we used an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist and α7nAChR antagonist to explore the role of α7nAChR and NMDAR in sevoflurane-induced long-term effects on memory and dendritic spine both in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that the activation of α7nAChR attenuated the development of sevoflurane-induced memory deficit and dendritic spine changes, which might be by regulating NR2B-containing NMDAR trafficking from the intracellular pool to the cell surface pool in the hippocampus. Moreover, we demonstrated that α7nAChR could regulate NR2B-containing NMDAR via Src-family tyrosine kinase (SFK). Thus, our current study indicates that the trafficking of NR2B-containing NMDAR is regulated by α7nAChR via SFK in neonatal rat hippocampus, which may be secondary to sevoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in the developing hippocampus.
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Fedin AI. The efficacy of cortexin and memantinol (memantine) in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:30-36. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181181130-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prenatal stress induced gender-specific alterations of N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunit expression and response to Aβ in offspring hippocampal cells. Behav Brain Res 2018; 336:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wei IH, Chen KT, Tsai MH, Wu CH, Lane HY, Huang CC. Acute Amino Acid d-Serine Administration, Similar to Ketamine, Produces Antidepressant-like Effects through Identical Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10792-10803. [PMID: 29161812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
d-Serine is an amino acid and can work as an agonist at the glycine sites of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Interestingly, both types of glutamatergic modulators, NMDAR enhancers and blockers, can improve depression through common targets, namely alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionaic acid receptors (AMPARs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). To elucidate the cellular signaling pathway underlying this counterintuitive observation, we activated NMDARs in rats by using d-serine. Saline, ketamine (NMDAR antagonist), and desipramine (tricyclic antidepressant) were used as controls. The antidepressant-like effects of all agents were evaluated using the forced swim test. The activation of the AMPAR-mTOR signaling pathway, release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and alteration of AMPAR and NMDAR trafficking in the hippocampus of rats were examined. A single high dose of d-serine exerted an antidepressant-like effect that was mediated by rapid AMPAR-induced mTOR signaling pathway and increased BDNF proteins, identical to that of ketamine. Furthermore, in addition to the increased protein kinase A phosphorylation of the AMPAR subunit GluR1 (an indicator of AMPAR insertion in neurons), treatment with individual optimal doses of d-serine and ketamine also increased adaptin β2-NMDAR association (an indicator of the intracellular endocytic machinery and subsequent internalization of NMDARs). Desipramine did not influence these processes. Our study is the first to demonstrate an association between d-serine and ketamine; following adaptative regulation of AMPAR and NMDAR may lead to common changes of them. These findings provide novel targets for safer antidepressant agents with mechanisms similar to those of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ching-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Brain Disease Research Center & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital , 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Brain Disease Research Center & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital , 404 Taichung, Taiwan
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Nway NC, Fujitani Y, Hirano S, Mar O, Win-Shwe TT. Role of TLR4 in olfactory-based spatial learning activity of neonatal mice after developmental exposure to diesel exhaust origin secondary organic aerosol. Neurotoxicology 2017; 63:155-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bodera P, Makarova K, Zawada K, Antkowiak B, Paluch M, Sobiczewska E, Sirav B, Siwicki AK, Stankiewicz W. The effect of 1800MHz radio-frequency radiation on NMDA receptor subunit NR1 expression and peroxidation in the rat brain in healthy and inflammatory states. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:802-809. [PMID: 28591692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated exposure (5 times for 15min) of 1800MHz radio-frequency radiation (RFR) on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 (NMDA-NR1) expression in the brains of rats in a persistent inflammatory state. We also measured the effect of RFR combined with tramadol (TRAM) to determine the potential antioxidant capacity of this agent. METHODS The effects of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modulated 1800MHz RFR exposure on the expression and activity of glutamate receptor channels with antioxidative activity in brain tissue was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of the hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction. NMDA-NR1 was measured in the cerebral tissue of rats with inflammation (complete Freund's adjuvent) and those injected with tramadol after RFR exposure (RFR, RFR/TRAM) and in non-exposed (baseline, TRAM) rats. RESULTS No differences between the baseline group and the exposed group (RFR) were observed. NMDA-NR1 expression decreased after CFA injection and RFR exposure, and an elevated expression of NMDA-NR1 was observed in healthy control rats of both groups: TRAM/RFR and RFR. CONCLUSIONS ORAC assessment revealed a robust effect of RFR, however the other experiments revealed equivocal effects. Further studies examining the combination of ORAC with NMDA are warranted to elucidate more clearly the effect of RFR on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bodera
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Katerina Makarova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bożena Antkowiak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska Str. 4, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Sobiczewska
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bahriye Sirav
- Department of Biophysics, Gazi Univ Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andrzej K Siwicki
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wanda Stankiewicz
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warszawa, Poland
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Chang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Song Y, Lv A, Li Y, Zhou W, Yan Z, Almeida OFX, Wu Y. Differential Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits is an Early Event in the Actions of Soluble Amyloid-β(1-40) Oligomers on Hippocampal Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:197-212. [PMID: 26836185 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is triggered by soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers that interact with NMDA receptors (NMDARs). We previously showed that Aβ induces synaptic protein loss through NMDARs, albeit through undefined mechanisms. Accordingly, we here examined the contribution of individual NMDAR subunits to synaptotoxicity and demonstrate that Aβ exerts differential effects on the levels and distribution of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of NMDAR in dendrites. Treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons with Aβ1-40 (10 μM, 1 h) induced a significant increase of dendritic and synaptic GluN2B puncta densities with parallel decreases in the puncta densities of denritic and synaptic pTyr1472-GluN2B. Conversely, Aβ significantly decreased dendritic and synaptic GluN2A and dendritic pTyr1325-GluN2A puncta densities and increased synaptic pTyr1325-GluN2A puncta densities. Unexpectedly, Aβ treatment resulted in a significant reduction of GluN2B and pTyr1472-GluN2B protein levels but did not influence GluN2A and pTyr1325-GluN2A levels. These results show that Aβ exerts complex and distinct regulatory effects on the trafficking and phosphorylation of GluN2A and GluN2B, as well as on their localization within synaptic and non-synaptic sites. Increased understanding of these early events in Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction is likely to be important for the development of timely preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Angchu Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Inoue A, Uchida H, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Ito S. Phosphorylation of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit at Tyr1472 is important for trigeminal processing of itch. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2474-2482. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Inoue
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata 573-1010 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata 573-1010 Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Drug Innovation Center; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Osaka University; Suita Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University; Okinawa Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata 573-1010 Japan
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Won S, Incontro S, Nicoll RA, Roche KW. PSD-95 stabilizes NMDA receptors by inducing the degradation of STEP61. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4736-44. [PMID: 27457929 PMCID: PMC4987792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609702113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation regulates surface and synaptic expression of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Both the tyrosine kinase Fyn and the tyrosine phosphatase striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) are known to target the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B on tyrosine 1472, which is a critical residue that mediates NMDAR endocytosis. STEP reduces the surface expression of NMDARs by promoting dephosphorylation of GluN2B Y1472, whereas the synaptic scaffolding protein postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) stabilizes the surface expression of NMDARs. However, nothing is known about a potential functional interaction between STEP and PSD-95. We now report that STEP61 binds to PSD-95 but not to other PSD-95 family members. We find that PSD-95 expression destabilizes STEP61 via ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Using subcellular fractionation, we detect low amounts of STEP61 in the PSD fraction. However, STEP61 expression in the PSD is increased upon knockdown of PSD-95 or in vivo as detected in PSD-95-KO mice, demonstrating that PSD-95 excludes STEP61 from the PSD. Importantly, only extrasynaptic NMDAR expression and currents were increased upon STEP knockdown, as is consistent with low STEP61 localization in the PSD. Our findings support a dual role for PSD-95 in stabilizing synaptic NMDARs by binding directly to GluN2B but also by promoting synaptic exclusion and degradation of the negative regulator STEP61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Won
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Salvatore Incontro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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35
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van der Doef TF, Golla SSV, Klein PJ, Oropeza-Seguias GM, Schuit RC, Metaxas A, Jobse E, Schwarte LA, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM, Boellaard R. Quantification of the novel N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor ligand [11C]GMOM in man. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1111-21. [PMID: 26661185 PMCID: PMC4904354 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15608391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
[(11)C]GMOM (carbon-11 labeled N-(2-chloro-5-thiomethylphenyl)-N'-(3-[(11)C]methoxy-phenyl)-N'-methylguanidine) is a PET ligand that binds to the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor with high specificity and affinity. The purpose of this first in human study was to evaluate kinetics of [(11)C]GMOM in the healthy human brain and to identify the optimal pharmacokinetic model for quantifying these kinetics, both before and after a pharmacological dose of S-ketamine. Dynamic 90 min [(11)C]GMOM PET scans were obtained from 10 subjects. In six of the 10 subjects, a second PET scan was performed following an S-ketamine challenge. Metabolite corrected plasma input functions were obtained for all scans. Regional time activity curves were fitted to various single- and two-tissue compartment models. Best fits were obtained using a two-tissue irreversible model with blood volume parameter. The highest net influx rate (Ki) of [(11)C]GMOM was observed in regions with high N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor density, such as hippocampus and thalamus. A significant reduction in the Ki was observed for the entire brain after administration of ketamine, suggesting specific binding to the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. This initial study suggests that the [(11)C]GMOM could be used for quantification of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia F van der Doef
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Oropeza-Seguias
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Jobse
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar A Schwarte
- Department of Anesthesiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Oh SH, Kim HN, Park HJ, Shin JY, Bae EJ, Sunwoo MK, Lee SJ, Lee PH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Transmission of α-Synuclein by Modulating Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in a Parkinsonian Model. Cell Rep 2016; 14:835-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kumar A. NMDA Receptor Function During Senescence: Implication on Cognitive Performance. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:473. [PMID: 26732087 PMCID: PMC4679982 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a family of L-glutamate receptors, play an important role in learning and memory, and are critical for spatial memory. These receptors are tetrameric ion channels composed of a family of related subunits. One of the hallmarks of the aging human population is a decline in cognitive function; studies in the past couple of years have demonstrated deterioration in NMDA receptor subunit expression and function with advancing age. However, a direct relationship between impaired memory function and a decline in NMDA receptors is still ambiguous. Recent studies indicate a link between an age-associated NMDA receptor hypofunction and memory impairment and provide evidence that age-associated enhanced oxidative stress might be contributing to the alterations associated with senescence. However, clear evidence is still deficient in demonstrating the underlying mechanisms and a relationship between age-associated impaired cognitive faculties and NMDA receptor hypofunction. The current review intends to present an overview of the research findings regarding changes in expression of various NMDA receptor subunits and deficits in NMDA receptor function during senescence and its implication in age-associated impaired hippocampal-dependent memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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Yu H, Liao Y, Li T, Cui Y, Wang G, Zhao F, Jin Y. Alterations of Synaptic Proteins in the Hippocampus of Mouse Offspring Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6786-6798. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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CDRI-08 Attenuates REST/NRSF-Mediated Expression of NMDAR1 Gene in PBDE-209-Exposed Mice Brain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:403840. [PMID: 26413122 PMCID: PMC4564648 DOI: 10.1155/2015/403840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CDRI-08 is a standardized bacoside enriched ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri, a nootropic plant. We reported that CDRI-08 attenuated oxidative stress and memory impairment in mice, induced by a flame retardant, PBDE-209. In order to explore the mechanism, present study was designed to examine the role of CDRI-08 on the expression of NMDAR1 (NR1) and the binding of REST/NRSF to NR1 promoter against postnatal exposure of PBDE-209. Male mice pups were orally supplemented with CDRI-08 at the doses of 40, 80, or 120 mg/kg along with PBDE-209 (20 mg/kg) during PND 3–10 and frontal cortex and hippocampus were collected at PND 11 and 60 to study the expression and regulation of NR1 by RT-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. The findings showed upregulated expression of NR1 and decreased binding of REST/NRSF to NR1 promoter after postnatal exposure of PBDE-209. Interestingly, supplementation with CDRI-08 significantly restored the expression of NR1 and binding of REST/NRSF to NR1 promoter near to the control value at the dose of 120 mg/kg. In conclusion, the results suggest that CDRI-08 possibly acts on glutamatergic system through expression and regulation of NR1 and may restore memory, impaired by PBDE-209 as reported in our previous study.
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Attiori Essis S, Laurier-Laurin ME, Pépin É, Cyr M, Massicotte G. GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors are upregulated in plasma membranes by the sphingosine-1-phosphate analog FTY720P. Brain Res 2015; 1624:349-358. [PMID: 26260438 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a ceramide derivative serving not only as a regulator of immune properties but also as a modulator of brain functions. To better understand the mechanism underlying the effects of S1P on brain functions, we investigated the potential impact of S1P receptor (S1PR) activation on NMDA receptor subunits. We used acute rat hippocampal slices as a model system, and determined the effects of the active phosphorylated S1P analog, fingolimod (FTY720P) on various NMDA receptors. Treatment with FTY720P significantly increased phosphorylation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors at Tyr1472. This effect appears rather specific, as treatment with FTY720P did not modify GluN2B-Tyr1336, GluN2B-Ser1480, GluN2A-Tyr1325 or GluN1-Ser897 phosphorylation. Pre-treatment of hippocampal slices with the compounds W146 and PP1 indicated that FTY720P-induced GluN2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 epitopes was dependent on activation of S1PR subunit 1 (S1PR1) and Src/Fyn kinase, respectively. Cell surface biotinylation experiments indicated that FTY720P-induced GluN2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 was also associated with increased levels of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits on membrane surface, whereas no change was observed for GluN2A subunits. We finally demonstrate that FTY720P is inclined to favor Tau and Fyn accumulation on plasma membranes. These results suggest that activation of S1PR1 by FTY720P enhances GluN2B receptor phosphorylation in rat hippocampal slices, resulting in increased levels of GluN1 and GluN2B receptor subunits in neuronal membranes through a mechanism probably involving Fyn and Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Attiori Essis
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Marie-Elaine Laurier-Laurin
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Élise Pépin
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Michel Cyr
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Guy Massicotte
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7.
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Zhang Y, Liu G, Yan J, Zhang Y, Li B, Cai D. Metabolic learning and memory formation by the brain influence systemic metabolic homeostasis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6704. [PMID: 25848677 PMCID: PMC4391062 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis is regulated by the brain, whether this regulation involves learning and memory of metabolic information remains unexplored. Here we use a calorie-based, taste-independent learning/memory paradigm to show that Drosophila form metabolic memories that help balancing food choice with caloric intake; however, this metabolic learning or memory is lost under chronic high-calorie feeding. We show that loss of individual learning/memory-regulating genes causes a metabolic learning defect, leading to elevated trehalose and lipids levels. Importantly, this function of metabolic learning requires not only the mushroom body but the hypothalamus-like pars intercerebralis, while NF-κB activation in the pars intercerebralis mimics chronic overnutrition in that it causes metabolic learning impairment and disorders. Finally, we evaluate this concept of metabolic learning/memory in mice, suggesting the hypothalamus is involved in a form of nutritional learning and memory, which is critical for determining resistance or susceptibility to obesity. In conclusion, our data indicate the brain, and potentially the hypothalamus, direct metabolic learning and the formation of memories, which contribute to the control of systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- 1] Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA [2] Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Chen LJ, Wang YJ, Chen JR, Tseng GF. NMDA receptor triggered molecular cascade underlies compression-induced rapid dendritic spine plasticity in cortical neurons. Exp Neurol 2015; 266:86-98. [PMID: 25708984 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Compression causes the reduction of dendritic spines of underlying adult cortical pyramidal neurons but the mechanisms remain at large. Using a rat epidural cerebral compression model, dendritic spines on the more superficial-lying layer III pyramidal neurons were found quickly reduced in 12h, while those on the deep-located layer V pyramidal neurons were reduced slightly later, starting 1day following compression. No change in the synaptic vesicle markers synaptophysin and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 suggest no change in afferents. Postsynaptically, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor trafficking to synaptic membrane was detected in 10min and lasting to 1day after compression. Translocation of calcineurin to synapses and enhancement of its enzymatic activity were detected within 10min as well. These suggest that compression rapidly activated NMDA receptors to increase postsynaptic calcium, which then activated the phosphatase calcineurin. In line with this, dephosphorylation and activation of the actin severing protein cofilin, and the consequent depolymerization of actin were all identified in the compressed cortex within matching time frames. Antagonizing NMDA receptors with MK801 before compression prevented this cascade of events, including NR1 mobilization, calcineurin activation and actin depolymerization, in the affected cortex. Morphologically, MK801 pretreatment prevented the loss of dendritic spines on the compressed cortical pyramidal neurons as well. In short, we demonstrated, for the first time, mechanisms underlying the rapid compression-induced cortical neuronal dendritic spine plasticity. In addition, the mechanical force of compression appears to activate NMDA receptors to initiate a rapid postsynaptic molecular cascade to trim dendritic spines on the compressed cortical pyramidal neurons within half a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Rung Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Fang Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Born G, Grayton HM, Langhorst H, Dudanova I, Rohlmann A, Woodward BW, Collier DA, Fernandes C, Missler M. Genetic targeting of NRXN2 in mice unveils role in excitatory cortical synapse function and social behaviors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2015; 7:3. [PMID: 25745399 PMCID: PMC4333794 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetics has identified rare copy number variations and deleterious mutations for all neurexin genes (NRXN1-3) in patients with neurodevelopmental diseases, and electrophysiological recordings in animal brains have shown that Nrxns are important for synaptic transmission. While several mouse models for Nrxn1α inactivation have previously been studied for behavioral changes, very little information is available for other variants. Here, we validate that mice lacking Nrxn2α exhibit behavioral abnormalities, characterized by social interaction deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior, which partially overlap, partially differ from Nrxn1α mutant behaviors. Using patch-clamp recordings in Nrxn2α knockout brains, we observe reduced spontaneous transmitter release at excitatory synapses in the neocortex. We also analyse at this cellular level a novel NRXN2 mouse model that carries a combined deletion of Nrxn2α and Nrxn2β. Electrophysiological analysis of this Nrxn2-mutant mouse shows surprisingly similar defects of excitatory release to Nrxn2α, indicating that the β-variant of Nrxn2 has no strong function in basic transmission at these synapses. Inhibitory transmission as well as synapse densities and ultrastructure remain unchanged in the neocortex of both models. Furthermore, at Nrxn2α and Nrxn2-mutant excitatory synapses we find an altered facilitation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function because NMDAR-dependent decay time and NMDAR-mediated responses are reduced. As Nrxn can indirectly be linked to NMDAR via neuroligin and PSD-95, the trans-synaptic nature of this complex may help to explain occurrence of presynaptic and postsynaptic effects. Since excitatory/inhibitory imbalances and impairment of NMDAR function are alledged to have a role in autism and schizophrenia, our results support the idea of a related pathomechanism in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Born
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah M Grayton
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK ; Discovery Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd. Surrey, UK
| | - Hanna Langhorst
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Rohlmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin W Woodward
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - David A Collier
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK ; Discovery Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd. Surrey, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany ; Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion Münster, Germany
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Win-Shwe TT, Fujitani Y, Kyi-Tha-Thu C, Furuyama A, Michikawa T, Tsukahara S, Nitta H, Hirano S. Effects of diesel engine exhaust origin secondary organic aerosols on novel object recognition ability and maternal behavior in BALB/c mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:11286-307. [PMID: 25361045 PMCID: PMC4245613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality associated with increasing exposure to air pollution. Ambient particulate matter consists of primary particles emitted directly from diesel engine vehicles and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) are formed by oxidative reaction of the ultrafine particle components of diesel exhaust (DE) in the atmosphere. However, little is known about the relationship between exposure to SOA and central nervous system functions. Recently, we have reported that an acute single intranasal instillation of SOA may induce inflammatory response in lung, but not in brain of adult mice. To clarify the whole body exposure effects of SOA on central nervous system functions, we first created inhalation chambers for diesel exhaust origin secondary organic aerosols (DE-SOAs) produced by oxidation of diesel exhaust particles caused by adding ozone. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to clean air (control), DE and DE-SOA in inhalation chambers for one or three months (5 h/day, 5 days/week) and were examined for memory function using a novel object recognition test and for memory function-related gene expressions in the hippocampus by real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, female mice exposed to DE-SOA for one month were mated and maternal behaviors and the related gene expressions in the hypothalamus examined. Novel object recognition ability and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression in the hippocampus were affected in male mice exposed to DE-SOA. Furthermore, a tendency to decrease maternal performance and significantly decreased expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and oxytocin receptor were found in DE-SOA exposed dams compared with the control. This is the first study of this type and our results suggest that the constituents of DE-SOA may be associated with memory function and maternal performance based on the impaired gene expressions in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (H.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-29-850-2542; Fax: +81-29-850-2334
| | - Yuji Fujitani
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.F.); (A.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; E-Mails: (C.K.-T.-T.); (S.T.)
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.F.); (A.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; E-Mails: (C.K.-T.-T.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Seishiro Hirano
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.F.); (A.F.); (S.H.)
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Rivera-Cervantes MC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Castro-Torres RD, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Feria y Velasco AI, Camins A, Beas-Zárate C. P38 MAPK inhibition protects against glutamate neurotoxicity and modifies NMDA and AMPA receptor subunit expression. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:596-608. [PMID: 25172309 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NMDA and AMPA receptors are thought to be responsible for Ca(++) influx during glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and, therefore, hippocampal neuronal death. We assessed whether excitotoxicity induced by neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate in rats at postnatal age of 1, 3, 5, and 7 modifies the hippocampal expression of the NMDAR subunit NR1 and the AMPAR subunits GluR1/GluR2 at postnatal days 8, 10, 12, and 14. We also assessed the involvement of MAPK signaling by using the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Our results showed that monosodium glutamate induces neuronal death and alters the expression of the subunits evaluated in the hippocampus at all ages studied, which could be prevented by SB203580 treatment.Furthermore, expression of the NRSF gene silencing factor also increased in response to excitotoxicity, suggesting a relationship in suppressing GluR2-expression, which was regulated by the p38-MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580. This result suggests that selectively blocking the pro-death signaling pathway may reduce neuronal death in some neurodegenerative diseases in which these neurotoxic processes are present and produce major clinical benefits in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Jiang J, Duan Z, Nie X, Xi H, Li A, Guo A, Wu Q, Jiang S, Zhao J, Chen G. Activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) signaling pathway in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:119-130. [PMID: 24930124 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been reported to cause alterations in cognitive and motor behavior during both development and adulthood. In this study, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) signaling pathway was investigated in differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells to better understand the mechanisms of TCDD-induced neurotoxicity. TCDD exposure induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in nNOS expression. High levels of nitric oxide (NO) production by nNOS activation induced mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt-c) release and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Additionally, TCDD increased the expression of active caspase-3 and significantly led to apoptosis in PC12 cells. However, these effects above could be effectively inhibited by the addition of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a highly selective nNOS inhibitor. Moreover, in the brain cortex of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, nNOS was also found to have certain relationship with TCDD-induced neuronal apoptosis. Together, our findings establish a role for nNOS as an enhancer of TCDD-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Duan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Xi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aisong Guo
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Bova J, Sergent A. Chiropractic management of an 81-year-old man with Parkinson disease signs and symptoms. J Chiropr Med 2014; 13:116-20. [PMID: 25685120 PMCID: PMC4322011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this case report is to describe the chiropractic management of a patient with Parkinson disease. CLINICAL FEATURES An 81-year-old male with a 12-year history of Parkinson disease sought chiropractic care. He had a stooped posture and a shuffling gait. He was not able to ambulate comfortably without the guidance of his walker. The patient had a resting tremor, most notably in his right hand. Outcome measures were documented using the Parkinson's Disease Questionaire-39 (PDQ-39) and patient subjective reports. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME The patient was treated with blue-lensed glasses, vibration stimulation therapy, spinal manipulation, and eye-movement exercises. Within the first week of treatment, there was a reduction in symptoms, improvement in ambulation, and tremor. CONCLUSION For this particular patient, the use of alternative treatment procedures appeared to help his Parkinson disease signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joesph Bova
- Private Practice, Private Practice, Latham NY
| | - Adam Sergent
- Assistant Professor, Faculty Clinician, Palmer College of Chiropractic Florida, Port Orange, FL
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Stayte S, Vissel B. Advances in non-dopaminergic treatments for Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:113. [PMID: 24904259 PMCID: PMC4033125 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1960's treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) have traditionally been directed to restore or replace dopamine, with L-Dopa being the gold standard. However, chronic L-Dopa use is associated with debilitating dyskinesias, limiting its effectiveness. This has resulted in extensive efforts to develop new therapies that work in ways other than restoring or replacing dopamine. Here we describe newly emerging non-dopaminergic therapeutic strategies for PD, including drugs targeting adenosine, glutamate, adrenergic, and serotonin receptors, as well as GLP-1 agonists, calcium channel blockers, iron chelators, anti-inflammatories, neurotrophic factors, and gene therapies. We provide a detailed account of their success in animal models and their translation to human clinical trials. We then consider how advances in understanding the mechanisms of PD, genetics, the possibility that PD may consist of multiple disease states, understanding of the etiology of PD in non-dopaminergic regions as well as advances in clinical trial design will be essential for ongoing advances. We conclude that despite the challenges ahead, patients have much cause for optimism that novel therapeutics that offer better disease management and/or which slow disease progression are inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Stayte
- Neuroscience Department, Neurodegenerative Disorders Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Neuroscience Department, Neurodegenerative Disorders Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Electrical synapses and their functional interactions with chemical synapses. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:250-63. [PMID: 24619342 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain function relies on the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. Interneuronal communication primarily takes place at synapses, where information from one neuron is rapidly conveyed to a second neuron. There are two main modalities of synaptic transmission: chemical and electrical. Far from functioning independently and serving unrelated functions, mounting evidence indicates that these two modalities of synaptic transmission closely interact, both during development and in the adult brain. Rather than conceiving synaptic transmission as either chemical or electrical, this article emphasizes the notion that synaptic transmission is both chemical and electrical, and that interactions between these two forms of interneuronal communication might be required for normal brain development and function.
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