1
|
Overhoff M, Tellkamp F, Hess S, Tolve M, Tutas J, Faerfers M, Ickert L, Mohammadi M, De Bruyckere E, Kallergi E, Delle Vedove A, Nikoletopoulou V, Wirth B, Isensee J, Hucho T, Puchkov D, Isbrandt D, Krueger M, Kloppenburg P, Kononenko NL. Autophagy regulates neuronal excitability by controlling cAMP/protein kinase A signaling at the synapse. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110963. [PMID: 36217825 PMCID: PMC9670194 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy provides nutrients during starvation and eliminates detrimental cellular components. However, accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy is not merely a housekeeping process. Here, by combining mouse models of neuron-specific ATG5 deficiency in either excitatory or inhibitory neurons with quantitative proteomics, high-content microscopy, and live-imaging approaches, we show that autophagy protein ATG5 functions in neurons to regulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of a synapse-confined proteome. This function of ATG5 is independent of bulk turnover of synaptic proteins and requires the targeting of PKA inhibitory R1 subunits to autophagosomes. Neuronal loss of ATG5 causes synaptic accumulation of PKA-R1, which sequesters the PKA catalytic subunit and diminishes cAMP/PKA-dependent phosphorylation of postsynaptic cytoskeletal proteins that mediate AMPAR trafficking. Furthermore, ATG5 deletion in glutamatergic neurons augments AMPAR-dependent excitatory neurotransmission and causes the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures in mice. Our findings identify a novel role of autophagy in regulating PKA signaling at glutamatergic synapses and suggest the PKA as a target for restoration of synaptic function in neurodegenerative conditions with autophagy dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Overhoff
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Frederik Tellkamp
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Simon Hess
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Marianna Tolve
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Janine Tutas
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Marcel Faerfers
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Lotte Ickert
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Milad Mohammadi
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Elodie De Bruyckere
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Emmanouela Kallergi
- Département des Neurosciences FondamentalesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Delle Vedove
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Joerg Isensee
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Dirk Isbrandt
- Institute for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Experimental NeurophysiologyGerman Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Marcus Krueger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Getz AM, Ducros M, Breillat C, Lampin-Saint-Amaux A, Daburon S, François U, Nowacka A, Fernández-Monreal M, Hosy E, Lanore F, Zieger HL, Sainlos M, Humeau Y, Choquet D. High-resolution imaging and manipulation of endogenous AMPA receptor surface mobility during synaptic plasticity and learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5298. [PMID: 35895810 PMCID: PMC9328687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of synaptic neurotransmitter receptor content is a fundamental mechanism for tuning synaptic efficacy during experience-dependent plasticity and behavioral adaptation. However, experimental approaches to track and modify receptor movements in integrated experimental systems are limited. Exploiting AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) as a model, we generated a knock-in mouse expressing the biotin acceptor peptide (AP) tag on the GluA2 extracellular N-terminal. Cell-specific introduction of biotin ligase allows the use of monovalent or tetravalent avidin variants to respectively monitor or manipulate the surface mobility of endogenous AMPAR containing biotinylated AP-GluA2 in neuronal subsets. AMPAR immobilization precluded the expression of long-term potentiation and formation of contextual fear memory, allowing target-specific control of the expression of synaptic plasticity and animal behavior. The AP tag knock-in model offers unprecedented access to resolve and control the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous receptors, and opens new avenues to study the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Getz
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Ducros
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Breillat
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Lampin-Saint-Amaux
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Daburon
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Urielle François
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agata Nowacka
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mónica Fernández-Monreal
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Lanore
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanna L. Zieger
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hiengrach P, Visitchanakun P, Tongchairawewat P, Tangsirisatian P, Jungteerapanich T, Ritprajak P, Wannigama DL, Tangtanatakul P, Leelahavanichkul A. Sepsis Encephalopathy Is Partly Mediated by miR370-3p-Induced Mitochondrial Injury but Attenuated by BAM15 in Cecal Ligation and Puncture Sepsis Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105445. [PMID: 35628259 PMCID: PMC9141734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BAM15 (a mitochondrial uncoupling agent) was tested on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mice with in vitro experiments. BAM15 attenuated sepsis as indicated by survival, organ histology (kidneys and livers), spleen apoptosis (activated caspase 3), brain injury (SHIRPA score, serum s100β, serum miR370-3p, brain miR370-3p, brain TNF-α, and apoptosis), systemic inflammation (cytokines, cell-free DNA, endotoxemia, and bacteremia), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage (Evan's blue dye and the presence of green fluorescent E. coli in brain after an oral administration). In parallel, brain miR arrays demonstrated miR370-3p at 24 h but not 120 h post-CLP, which was correlated with metabolic pathways. Either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNF-α upregulated miR370-3p in PC12 (neuron cells). An activation by sepsis factors (LPS, TNF-α, or miR370-3p transfection) damaged mitochondria (fluorescent color staining) and reduced cell ATP, possibly through profound mitochondrial activity (extracellular flux analysis) that was attenuated by BAM15. In bone-marrow-derived macrophages, LPS caused mitochondrial injury, decreased cell ATP, enhanced glycolysis activity (extracellular flux analysis), and induced pro-inflammatory macrophages (iNOS and IL-1β) which were neutralized by BAM15. In conclusion, BAM15 attenuated sepsis through decreased mitochondrial damage, reduced neuronal miR370-3p upregulation, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. BAM15 is proposed to be used as an adjuvant therapy against sepsis hyperinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratsanee Hiengrach
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Pakteema Tongchairawewat
- Chulalongkorn University International Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (P.T.); (T.J.)
| | - Ponphisudti Tangsirisatian
- Chulalongkorn University International Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (P.T.); (T.J.)
| | - Thitiphat Jungteerapanich
- Chulalongkorn University International Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (P.T.); (T.J.)
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pattarin Tangtanatakul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Disease, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2256-4132 (A.L.); Fax: +66-2252-5952 (A.L.)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2256-4132 (A.L.); Fax: +66-2252-5952 (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Habbas K, Cakil O, Zámbó B, Tabet R, Riet F, Dembele D, Mandel JL, Hocquemiller M, Laufer R, Piguet F, Moine H. AAV-delivered diacylglycerol kinase DGKk achieves long-term rescue of fragile X syndrome mouse model. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14649. [PMID: 35373916 PMCID: PMC9081908 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of familial intellectual disability. FXS results from the lack of the RNA-binding protein FMRP and is associated with the deregulation of signaling pathways downstream of mGluRI receptors and upstream of mRNA translation. We previously found that diacylglycerol kinase kappa (DGKk), a main mRNA target of FMRP in cortical neurons and a master regulator of lipid signaling, is downregulated in the absence of FMRP in the brain of Fmr1-KO mouse model. Here we show that adeno-associated viral vector delivery of a modified and FMRP-independent form of DGKk corrects abnormal cerebral diacylglycerol/phosphatidic acid homeostasis and FXS-relevant behavioral phenotypes in the Fmr1-KO mouse. Our data suggest that DGKk is an important factor in FXS pathogenesis and provide preclinical proof of concept that its replacement could be a viable therapeutic strategy in FXS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Habbas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Oktay Cakil
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Boglárka Zámbó
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ricardos Tabet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabrice Riet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), PHENOMIN-ICS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Doulaye Dembele
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Piguet
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Moine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
HDAC inhibitor ameliorates behavioral deficits in Mecp2 308/y mouse model of Rett syndrome. Brain Res 2021; 1772:147670. [PMID: 34582789 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder. More than 95% of classic RETT syndrome cases result from pathogenic variants in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Nevertheless, it has been established that a spectrum of neuropsychiatric phenotypes is associated with MECP2 variants in both females and males. We previously reported that microtubule growth velocity and vesicle transport directionality are altered in Mecp2-deficient astrocytes from newborn Mecp2-deficient mice compared to that of their wild-type littermates suggesting deficit in microtubule dynamics. In this study, we report that administration of tubastatin A, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, restored microtubule dynamics in Mecp2-deficient astrocytes. We furthermore report that daily doses of tubastatin A reversed early impaired exploratory behavior in male Mecp2308/y mice. These findings are a first step toward the validation of a novel treatment for RTT.
Collapse
|
6
|
Plasma miR-370-3P as a Biomarker of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy, the Transcriptomic Profiling Analysis of Microrna-Arrays From Mouse Brains. Shock 2021; 54:347-357. [PMID: 31743302 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), an alteration of conscious from sepsis, is difficult due to the similarity to altered states of conscious that occur from other causes. Transcriptomic analyses between mouse brains at 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (SAE brain as evaluated by SHIRPA score) and at 120 h post-CLP (survivor) were performed to discover the SAE biomarker. Then, candidate microRNAs were validated in mouse and patient samples.As such, increased miR-370-3p in SAE mouse-brains (compared with recovery phase) was demonstrated by transcriptomic miR-profiling and was highly expressed in brain (but not other organs) of 24 h post-CLP mice. Plasma miR-370-3p also increased in CLP but was non-detectable in bilateral-nephrectomy (BiNx, a representative model of acute uremic encephalopathy) despite blood brain barrier permeability defect (determined by plasma s100β and Evan blue dye assay) in both conditions. In parallel, high plasma miR-370-3p was demonstrated in patients with SAE (but not sepsis alone or uremia) suggesting the specificity toward SAE. The association among TNF-α, miR-370-3p and brain apoptosis was demonstrated by high serum TNF-α and increased brain apoptosis in SAE mice, TNF-α (but not other cytokines) activated miR-370-3p expression in PC-12 neuron cell, and increased cell apoptosis in miR-370-3p transfected PC-12 after incubation with TNF-α.In conclusion, miR-370-3p increased in brain and plasma of SAE mice but not uremic encephalopathy. Perhaps, TNF-α enhances cell susceptibility toward brain apoptosis in SAE, in part, through miR-370-3p induction in neuron. Our pilot results in patients with SAE supported the possibility that plasma miR-370-3p is an interesting SAE biomarker candidate. Further studies are warranted.
Collapse
|
7
|
Transection of the Superior Sagittal Sinus Enables Bilateral Access to the Rodent Midline Brain Structures. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0146-21.2021. [PMID: 34210659 PMCID: PMC8281263 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0146-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotaxic access to brain areas underneath the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is notoriously challenging. As a major drainage vessel, covering the whole extension of the sagittal fissure, the SSS impedes direct bilateral access to underlying regions for recording and stimulation probes, drug-delivery cannulas, and injection devices. We now describe a new method for transection and retraction of the SSS in rats, that allows the accurate placement of microinjection devices, or chronic electrode probes, while avoiding hemorrhage and the ensuing deleterious consequences for local structures, animal health, and behavior. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach we evaluated its consequences acutely during surgery, and thereafter during surgical survival, recovery, behavioral testing, as well as postmortem analysis of histologic impact in the related brain structures of male rats. This method provides a new approach enabling direct access for manipulation and recording of activity in brain areas previously obstructed by the SSS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bramanti SM, Trumello C, Lombardi L, Cavallo A, Stuppia L, Antonucci I, Babore A. Uncertainty following an inconclusive result from the BRCA1/2 genetic test: A review about psychological outcomes. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:189-200. [PMID: 34046315 PMCID: PMC8134867 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i5.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inconclusive result from BRCA1/2 genetic testing indicates that a genetic variant of uncertain significance is detected. This case constitutes the majority of genetic test results, but studies specifically addressing the psychological adjustment of people with inconclusive results are scarce.
AIM To examine psychological outcomes of receiving an uninformative BRCA1/2 test result.
METHODS PubMed, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were screened for studies focusing on distress, anxiety, and depression levels in individuals with inconclusive genetic test results. This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method.
RESULTS Studies on psychological outcomes of inconclusive BRCA1/2 focused on general and specific distress, anxiety, and depression. Overall, they produced mixed results. These inconsistent findings are probably due to the uncertainty caused by this type of result, that may also influence the decisions of individuals about surveillance and prophylactic options, reducing their compliance. In addition, this review highlights specific risk and protective factors that affect psychological adjustment in individuals with an inconclusive genetic testing result.
CONCLUSION Individuals with inconclusive genetic test results need specific educational programs and support to better understand the meaning of their results in order to be able to make decisions about surveillance and prophylactic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Monique Bramanti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Carmen Trumello
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cavallo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Babore
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti 66100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kojic M, Gawda T, Gaik M, Begg A, Salerno-Kochan A, Kurniawan ND, Jones A, Drożdżyk K, Kościelniak A, Chramiec-Głąbik A, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Kasherman M, Shim WJ, Sinniah E, Genovesi LA, Abrahamsen RK, Fenger CD, Madsen CG, Cohen JS, Fatemi A, Stark Z, Lunke S, Lee J, Hansen JK, Boxill MF, Keren B, Marey I, Saenz MS, Brown K, Alexander SA, Mureev S, Batzilla A, Davis MJ, Piper M, Bodén M, Burne THJ, Palpant NJ, Møller RS, Glatt S, Wainwright BJ. Elp2 mutations perturb the epitranscriptome and lead to a complex neurodevelopmental phenotype. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2678. [PMID: 33976153 PMCID: PMC8113450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and are characterized by substantial impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning, with their genetic and molecular basis remaining largely unknown. Here, we identify biallelic variants in the gene encoding one of the Elongator complex subunits, ELP2, in patients with ID and ASD. Modelling the variants in mice recapitulates the patient features, with brain imaging and tractography analysis revealing microcephaly, loss of white matter tract integrity and an aberrant functional connectome. We show that the Elp2 mutations negatively impact the activity of the complex and its function in translation via tRNA modification. Further, we elucidate that the mutations perturb protein homeostasis leading to impaired neurogenesis, myelin loss and neurodegeneration. Collectively, our data demonstrate an unexpected role for tRNA modification in the pathogenesis of monogenic ID and ASD and define Elp2 as a key regulator of brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kojic
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomasz Gawda
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Gaik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Begg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Salerno-Kochan
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Drożdżyk
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kościelniak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kasherman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Woo Jun Shim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Enakshi Sinniah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura A Genovesi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rannvá K Abrahamsen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Christina D Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Camilla G Madsen
- Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonas K Hansen
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Martin F Boxill
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Marey
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Margarita S Saenz
- The University of Colorado Anschutz, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathleen Brown
- The University of Colorado Anschutz, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Suzanne A Alexander
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sergey Mureev
- CSIRO-QUT Synthetic Biology Alliance, Centre for Tropical Crops and Bio-commodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Batzilla
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mikael Bodén
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department for Regional Health Research, The University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Brandon J Wainwright
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barbe MF, Loomis R, Lepkowsky AM, Forman S, Zhao H, Gordon J. A longitudinal characterization of sex-specific somatosensory and spatial memory deficits in HIV Tg26 heterozygous mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244725. [PMID: 33382797 PMCID: PMC7775086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus associated neurological disorders is still not well understood, yet is known to result in neurological declines despite combination anti-retroviral therapy. HIV-1 transgenic (Tg26) mice contain integrated non-infectious HIV-1 proviral DNA. We sought to assess the integrity of neurocognitive function and sensory systems in HIV-1 Tg26 mice using a longitudinal design, in both sexes, to examine both age- and sex-related disease progression. General neurological reflexive testing showed only acclimation to repeated testing by all groups. Yet, at 2.5 months of age, female Tg26 +/- mice showed hyposensitivity to noxious hot temperatures, compared to wild types (both sexes) and male Tg26 +/- mice, that worsened by 10 months of age. Female Tg26 +/- mice had short-term spatial memory losses in novel object location memory testing at 2.5 and 7 months, compared to female wild types; changes not observed in male counterparts. Female Tg26 +/- mice showed mild learning deficits and short- and long-term spatial memory deficits in olfactory and visually cued Barnes Maze testing at 3 months of age, yet greater learning and memory deficits by 8 months. In contrast, male Tg26 +/- mice displayed no learning deficits and fewer spatial memory deficits (mainly heading errors in nontarget holes). Thus, greater sex-specific temperature hyposensitivity and spatial memory declines were observed in female HIV Tg26 +/- mice, than in male Tg26 +/- mice, or their wild type littermates, that increased with aging. Additionally, tibial bones were examined using ex vivo micro-CT after tissue collection at 11 months. Sex-dependent increases in bone volume and trabecular number were seen in males, matching their greater weights at this age. These results indicate that HIV-1 Tg26 mice is a promising model in which to study neuropathic mechanisms underlying peripheral pathology as well as cognitive deficits seen with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Regina Loomis
- Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Lepkowsky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Steven Forman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dominant-Negative Attenuation of cAMP-Selective Phosphodiesterase PDE4D Action Affects Learning and Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165704. [PMID: 32784895 PMCID: PMC7460819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce 3′, 5′ cAMP levels in the CNS and thereby regulate PKA activity and the phosphorylation of CREB, fundamental to depression, cognition, and learning and memory. The PDE4 isoform PDE4D5 interacts with the signaling proteins β-arrestin2 and RACK1, regulators of β2-adrenergic and other signal transduction pathways. Mutations in PDE4D in humans predispose to acrodysostosis, associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits. To target PDE4D5, we developed mice that express a PDE4D5-D556A dominant-negative transgene in the brain. Male transgenic mice demonstrated significant deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, as assayed in the Morris water maze. In contrast, associative learning, as assayed in a fear conditioning assay, appeared to be unaffected. Male transgenic mice showed augmented activity in prolonged (2 h) open field testing, while female transgenic mice showed reduced activity in the same assay. Transgenic mice showed no demonstrable abnormalities in prepulse inhibition. There was also no detectable difference in anxiety-like behavior, as measured in the elevated plus-maze. These data support the use of a dominant-negative approach to the study of PDE4D5 function in the CNS and specifically in learning and memory.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gazdzinski LM, Mellerup M, Wang T, Adel SAA, Lerch JP, Sled JG, Nieman BJ, Wheeler AL. White Matter Changes Caused by Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Evaluated Using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1818-1828. [PMID: 32242488 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common and can lead to persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Although diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has demonstrated some sensitivity to changes in white matter following mTBI, recent studies have suggested that more complex geometric models of diffusion, including the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model, may be more sensitive and specific. Here, we evaluate microstructural changes in white matter following mTBI using DTI and NODDI in a mouse model, and compare the time course of these changes to behavioral impairment and recovery. We also assess volumetric changes for a comprehensive picture of the structural alterations in the brain and histological staining to identify cellular changes that may contribute to the differences detected in the imaging data. Increased orientation dispersion index (ODI) was observed in the optic tracts of mTBI mice compared with shams. Changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) were not statistically significant. Volume deficits were detected in the optic tract as well as in several gray matter regions: the lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus, the entorhinal cortex, and the superior colliculi. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) staining was increased in the optic tracts of mTBI brains, and this staining correlated with ODI values. A transient impairment in working memory was observed, which resolved by 6 weeks, whereas increased ODI, GFAP, and Iba1 persisted to 18 weeks post-injury. We conclude that the optic tracts are particularly vulnerable to damage from the closed-skull impact model used in this study, and that ODI may be a more sensitive metric to this damage than FA. Differences in ODI and in histological measures of astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, and axonal degeneration persist beyond behavioral impairment in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gazdzinski
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miranda Mellerup
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tong Wang
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Amir Ali Adel
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John G Sled
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mouse Imaging Centre at The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mouse Imaging Centre at The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Timberlake Ii M, Roy B, Dwivedi Y. A Novel Animal Model for Studying Depression Featuring the Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response in Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8524-8536. [PMID: 31267370 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide with global distribution of 322 million people suffering from the disease. While much is understood about depression, the underlying pathophysiology is yet to be fully characterized. Recently, the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been shown to be involved in regulating key aspects like inflammation, cell death, and behavioral depression. The UPR is an evolutionarily conserved ancient response system that reacts to the stressful environmental impact on a cell; the net effect of stress to a cell is that the quality of protein folding is diminished. The UPR responds by repairing and removing misfolded proteins and, if necessary, initiates apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that the UPR is not only involved in depression, but that its activation causes a depressive phenotype. The hippocampi of rats were directly infused with 500 ng of tunicamycin (TM), an agent that initiates the UPR by blocking N-terminal glycosylation. Three to 8 days post-surgery, the rats showed depressive behavior in escape latency, forced swim despair, sucrose preference anhedonia, and also physiological signs of depression like decreased weight. Further, these behavioral changes were associated with enhanced expression of key UPR genes and proteins in the hippocampus. We propose that this model will make an excellent tool for studying depression and for understanding pathways that are affected by the UPR which directly causes depressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Timberlake Ii
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, SC711 Sparks Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, SC711 Sparks Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, SC711 Sparks Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
R von Collenberg C, Schmitt D, Rülicke T, Sendtner M, Blum R, Buchner E. An essential role of the mouse synapse-associated protein Syap1 in circuits for spontaneous motor activity and rotarod balance. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042366. [PMID: 31118165 PMCID: PMC6602322 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 1 (Syap1) is the mammalian homologue of synapse-associated protein of 47 kDa (Sap47) in Drosophila. Genetic deletion of Sap47 leads to deficiencies in short-term plasticity and associative memory processing in flies. In mice, Syap1 is prominently expressed in the nervous system, but its function is still unclear. We have generated Syap1 knockout mice and tested motor behaviour and memory. These mice are viable and fertile but display distinct deficiencies in motor behaviour. Locomotor activity specifically appears to be reduced in early phases when voluntary movement is initiated. On the rotarod, a more demanding motor test involving control by sensory feedback, Syap1-deficient mice dramatically fail to adapt to accelerated speed or to a change in rotation direction. Syap1 is highly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei. Thus, this distinct motor phenotype could be due to a so-far unknown function of Syap1 in cerebellar sensorimotor control. The observed motor defects are highly specific since other tests in the modified SHIRPA exam, as well as cognitive tasks like novel object recognition, Pavlovian fear conditioning, anxiety-like behaviour in open field dark-light transition and elevated plus maze do not appear to be affected in Syap1 knockout mice. Summary: Knockout of the Syap1 gene in mice causes a distinct motor behaviour phenotype characterised by reduced initial locomotor activity and impaired rotarod performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cora R von Collenberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schmitt
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Buchner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The development of synaptic transmission is time-locked to early social behaviors in rats. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1195. [PMID: 30867422 PMCID: PMC6416358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional synapses is a sequential process preserved across many brain areas. Here, we show that glutamatergic postsynaptic currents anticipated GABAergic currents in Layer II/III of the rat neocortex, in contrast to the pattern described for other brain areas. The frequencies of both glutamatergic and GABAergic currents increased abruptly at the beginning of the second postnatal week, supported by a serotonin upsurge. Integrative behaviors arose on postnatal day (P)9, while most motor and sensory behaviors, which are fundamental for pup survival, were already in place at approximately P7. A reduction in serotonin reuptake accelerated the development of functional synapses and integrative huddling behavior, while sparing motor and sensory function development. A decrease in synaptic transmission in Layer II/III induced by a chemogenetic approach only inhibited huddling. Thus, precise developmental sequences mediate early, socially directed behaviors for which neurotransmission and its modulation in supragranular cortical layers play key roles. The development of functional synapses is a key milestone in neurodevelopment. Here, the authors show how serotonin signalling coordinates development of glutamatergic and GABAergic currents and triggers the emergence of integrative behavior (huddling) in rat pups.
Collapse
|
16
|
Carlson SJ, O'Loughlin AA, Anez-Bustillos L, Baker MA, Andrews NA, Gunner G, Dao DT, Pan A, Nandivada P, Chang M, Cowan E, Mitchell PD, Gura KM, Fagiolini M, Puder M. A Diet With Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as the Sole Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Sufficient to Support Visual, Cognitive, Motor, and Social Development in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:72. [PMID: 30858795 PMCID: PMC6397844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids serve multiple functions in neurodevelopment and neurocognitive function. Intravenous lipid emulsions are administered to children that are dependent on parenteral nutrition to provide the essential fatty acids needed to sustain growth and development. One of these emulsions, derived from fish-oil, is particularly poor in the traditional essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. However, it does contain adequate amounts of its main derivatives, arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. This skewed composition has raised concern about the sole use of fish-oil based lipid emulsions in children and how its administration can be detrimental to their neurodevelopment. Using a custom-made diet that contains ARA and DHA as a sole source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, we bred and fed mice for multiple generations. Compared to adult, chow-fed mice, animals maintained on this special diet showed similar outcomes in a battery of neurocognitive tests performed under controlled conditions. Chow-fed mice did perform better in the rotarod test for ataxia and balance, although both experimental groups showed a conserved motor learning capacity. Conversely, mice fed the custom diet rich in DHA and ARA showed less neophobia than the chow-fed animals. Results from these experiments suggest that providing a diet where ARA and DHA are the sole source of polyunsaturated fatty acids is sufficient to support gross visual, cognitive, motor, and social development in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Carlson
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alison A O'Loughlin
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meredith A Baker
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas A Andrews
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Georgia Gunner
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Prathima Nandivada
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Chang
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eileen Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michela Fagiolini
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grote CW, Wilson NM, Katz NK, Guilford BL, Ryals JM, Novikova L, Stehno-Bittel L, Wright DE. Deletion of the insulin receptor in sensory neurons increases pancreatic insulin levels. Exp Neurol 2018; 305:97-107. [PMID: 29649429 PMCID: PMC5963702 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is known to have neurotrophic properties and loss of insulin support to sensory neurons may contribute to peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Here, genetically-modified mice were generated in which peripheral sensory neurons lacked the insulin receptor (SNIRKO mice) to determine whether disrupted sensory neuron insulin signaling plays a crucial role in the development of PDN and whether SNIRKO mice develop symptoms of PDN due to reduced insulin neurotrophic support. Our results revealed that SNIRKO mice were euglycemic and never displayed significant changes in a wide range of sensorimotor behaviors, nerve conduction velocity or intraepidermal nerve fiber density. However, SNIRKO mice displayed elevated serum insulin levels, glucose intolerance, and increased insulin content in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. These results contribute to the growing idea that sensory innervation of pancreatic islets is key to regulating islet function and that a negative feedback loop of sensory neuron insulin signaling keeps this regulation in balance. Our results suggest that a loss of insulin receptors in sensory neurons does not lead to peripheral nerve dysfunction. The SNIRKO mice will be a powerful tool to investigate sensory neuron insulin signaling and may give a unique insight into the role that sensory neurons play in modifying islet physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb W Grote
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States
| | - Natalie M Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States
| | - Natalie K Katz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States
| | - Brianne L Guilford
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, United States
| | - Janelle M Ryals
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States
| | - Lesya Novikova
- Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, United States
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, United States
| | - Douglas E Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang YA, Lee S, Zhao J, Thompson AJ, McBride R, Tsogtbaatar B, Paulson JC, Nussinov R, Deng L, Song J. In vivo tropism of Salmonella Typhi toxin to cells expressing a multiantennal glycan receptor. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:155-163. [PMID: 29203881 PMCID: PMC6045816 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease, but little is known about the molecular bases for its unique clinical presentation. Typhoid toxin, a unique virulence factor of Salmonella Typhi (the cause of typhoid fever), recapitulates in an animal model many symptoms of typhoid fever. Typhoid toxin binding to its glycan receptor Neu5Ac is central, but, due to the ubiquity of Neu5Ac, how typhoid toxin causes specific symptoms remains elusive. Here we show that typhoid toxin displays in vivo tropism to cells expressing multiantennal glycoprotein receptors, particularly on endothelial cells of arterioles in the brain and immune cells, which is in line with typhoid symptoms. Neu5Ac displayed by multiantennal N-glycans, rather than a single Neu5Ac, appears to serve as the high-affinity receptor, as typhoid toxin possesses five identical binding pockets per toxin. Human counterparts also express the multiantennal Neu5Ac receptor. Here we also show that mice immunized with inactive typhoid toxins and challenged with wild-type typhoid toxin presented neither the characteristic in vivo tropism nor symptoms. These mice were protected against a lethal-dose toxin challenge, but Ty21a-vaccinated mice were not. Cumulatively, these results reveal remarkable features describing how a bacterial exotoxin induces virulence exclusively in specific cells at the organismal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sohyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lingquan Deng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeongmin Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Campbell SL, van Groen T, Kadish I, Smoot LHM, Bolger GB. Altered phosphorylation, electrophysiology, and behavior on attenuation of PDE4B action in hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:77. [PMID: 29197324 PMCID: PMC5712142 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases regulate 3′, 5′ cAMP abundance in the CNS and thereby regulate PKA activity and phosphorylation of CREB, which has been implicated in learning and memory, depression and other functions. The PDE4 isoform PDE4B1 also interacts with the DISC1 protein, implicated in neural development and behavioral disorders. The cellular functions of PDE4B1 have been investigated extensively, but its function(s) in the intact organism remained unexplored. Results To specifically disrupt PDE4B1, we developed mice that express a PDE4B1-D564A transgene in the hippocampus and forebrain. The transgenic mice showed enhanced phosphorylation of CREB and ERK1/2 in hippocampus. Hippocampal neurogenesis was increased in the transgenic mice. Hippocampal electrophysiological studies showed increased baseline synaptic transmission and enhanced LTP in male transgenic mice. Behaviorally, male transgenic mice showed increased activity in prolonged open field testing, but neither male nor female transgenic mice showed detectable anxiety-like behavior or antidepressant effects in the elevated plus-maze, tail-suspension or forced-swim tests. Neither sex showed any significant differences in associative fear conditioning or showed any demonstrable abnormalities in pre-pulse inhibition. Conclusions These data support the use of an isoform-selective approach to the study of PDE4B1 function in the CNS and suggest a probable role of PDE4B1 in synaptic plasticity and behavior. They also provide additional rationale and a refined approach to the development of small-molecule PDE4B1-selective inhibitors, which have potential functions in disorders of cognition, memory, mood and affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Campbell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Inga Kadish
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lisa High Mitchell Smoot
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, NP 2501, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3300, USA
| | - Graeme B Bolger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, NP 2501, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3300, USA. .,Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
François JC, Aïd S, Chaker Z, Lacube P, Xu J, Fayad R, Côté F, Even P, Holzenberger M. Disrupting IGF Signaling in Adult Mice Conditions Leanness, Resilient Energy Metabolism, and High Growth Hormone Pulses. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2269-2283. [PMID: 28881863 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulinlike growth factor (IGF) promote aging and age-related pathologies. Inhibiting this pathway by targeting IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is a promising strategy to extend life span, alleviate age-related diseases, and reduce tumor growth. Although anti-IGF-1R agents are being developed, long-term effects of IGF-1R blockade remain unknown. In this study, we used ubiquitous inducible IGF-1R knockout (UBIKOR) to suppress signaling in all adult tissues and screened health extensively. Surprisingly, UBIKOR mice showed no overt defects and presented with rather inconspicuous health, including normal cognition. Endocrine GH and IGF-1 were strongly upregulated without causing acromegaly. UBIKOR mice were strikingly lean with coordinate changes in body composition and organ size. They were insulin resistant but preserved physiological energy expenditure and displayed enhanced fasting metabolic flexibility. Thus, long-term IGF-1R blockade generated beneficial effects on aging-relevant metabolism, but exposed to high GH. This needs to be considered when targeting IGF-1R to protect from neurodegeneration, retard aging, or fight cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Aïd
- INSERM Research Center Unité 938, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zayna Chaker
- INSERM Research Center Unité 938, 75012 Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Jie Xu
- INSERM Research Center Unité 938, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Racha Fayad
- INSERM Research Center Unité 938, 75012 Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Francine Côté
- Institut Imagine INSERM Unité 1163/CNRS Equipe 8254, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Even
- AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior Unité 914, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- INSERM Research Center Unité 938, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deletion of Numb/Numblike in glutamatergic neurons leads to anxiety-like behavior in mice. Brain Res 2017; 1665:36-49. [PMID: 28347671 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocytic adaptor protein Numb is the first identified cell fate determinant in Drosophila melanogaster. It has been implicated in Notch signaling pathway and regulation of neural stem cells proliferation in the central nervous system. Numb is also expressed in postmitotic neurons, in vitro studies showed that Numb is involved in neuronal morphologic development, such as neurite growth, axonal growth and spine development. However, in vivo functions of Numb in the postmitotic neurons are largely unknown. Here we show that deletion of Numb/Numblike in glutamatergic neurons causes anxiety-like behavior in mouse. In this study, we conditionally deleted Numb and its homologous gene Numblike in the glutamatergic neurons in dorsal forebrain, and thoroughly characterized the behavioral phenotypes of mutant mice. On a battery of tests for anxiety-like behavior, the conditional double knockout mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior on light/dark exploration and novel open field tests, but not on elevated zero maze tests. The conditional double knockout mice also displayed novelty induced hyperactivity in novel open field test. Control measures of general health, motor functions, startle response, sensorimotor gating, depression-related behaviors did not show differences between genotypes. Our present findings provide new insight into the indispensable functions of Numb/Numblike in the brain and behavior, and suggest that Numb/Numblike may play a role in mediating neuronal functions that underlie behaviors related to anxiety.
Collapse
|
22
|
Targeting the histone methyltransferase G9a activates imprinted genes and improves survival of a mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome. Nat Med 2016; 23:213-222. [PMID: 28024084 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by a deficiency of paternally expressed gene(s) in the 15q11-q13 chromosomal region. The regulation of imprinted gene expression in this region is coordinated by an imprinting center (PWS-IC). In individuals with PWS, genes responsible for PWS on the maternal chromosome are present, but repressed epigenetically, which provides an opportunity for the use of epigenetic therapy to restore expression from the maternal copies of PWS-associated genes. Through a high-content screen (HCS) of >9,000 small molecules, we discovered that UNC0638 and UNC0642-two selective inhibitors of euchromatic histone lysine N-methyltransferase-2 (EHMT2, also known as G9a)-activated the maternal (m) copy of candidate genes underlying PWS, including the SnoRNA cluster SNORD116, in cells from humans with PWS and also from a mouse model of PWS carrying a paternal (p) deletion from small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (Snrpn (S)) to ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (Ube3a (U)) (mouse model referred to hereafter as m+/pΔS-U). Both UNC0642 and UNC0638 caused a selective reduction of the dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at PWS-IC, without changing DNA methylation, when analyzed by bisulfite genomic sequencing. This indicates that histone modification is essential for the imprinting of candidate genes underlying PWS. UNC0642 displayed therapeutic effects in the PWS mouse model by improving the survival and the growth of m+/pΔS-U newborn pups. This study provides the first proof of principle for an epigenetics-based therapy for PWS.
Collapse
|
23
|
Meziane H, Khelfaoui M, Morello N, Hiba B, Calcagno E, Reibel-Foisset S, Selloum M, Chelly J, Humeau Y, Riet F, Zanni G, Herault Y, Bienvenu T, Giustetto M, Billuart P. Fasudil treatment in adult reverses behavioural changes and brain ventricular enlargement in Oligophrenin-1 mouse model of intellectual disability. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2314-2323. [PMID: 27146843 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in human Oligophrenin1 (OPHN1) gene are responsible for syndromic intellectual disability (ID) associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and cerebral ventricles enlargement. Functional studies in rodent models suggest that OPHN1 linked ID is a consequence of abnormal synaptic transmission and shares common pathophysiological mechanisms with other cognitive disorders. Variants of this gene have been also identified in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. The advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying OPHN1-related ID, allowed us to develop a therapeutic approach targeting the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RHOA) signalling pathway and repurpose Fasudil- a well-tolerated Rho Kinase (ROCK) and Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitor- as a treatment of ID. We have previously shown ex-vivo its beneficial effect on synaptic transmission and plasticity in a mouse model of the OPHN1 loss of function. Here, we report that chronic treatment in adult mouse with Fasudil, is able to counteract vertical and horizontal hyperactivities, restores recognition memory and limits the brain ventricular dilatation observed in Ophn1-/y However, deficits in working and spatial memories are partially or not rescued by the treatment. These results highlight the potential of Fasudil treatment in synaptopathies and also the need for multiple therapeutic approaches especially in adult where brain plasticity is reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Meziane
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Malik Khelfaoui
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France Institut interdisciplinaire de neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33077, France
| | - Noemi Morello
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience « Rita Levi Montalcini », National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Bassem Hiba
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eleonora Calcagno
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience « Rita Levi Montalcini », National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | | | - Mohammed Selloum
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Institut interdisciplinaire de neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33077, France
| | - Fabrice Riet
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Yann Herault
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience « Rita Levi Montalcini », National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Behavioral characterization of CD36 knockout mice with SHIRPA primary screen. Behav Brain Res 2015; 299:90-6. [PMID: 26628208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins, which plays a major role in fatty acid, glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, CD36 functions as a microglial surface receptor for amyloid beta peptide. Regarding this, we suggest CD36 might also contribute to neuropsychiatric disease. The aim of this study was to achieve a behavioral phenotype of CD36 knockout (CD36(-/-)) mice. We characterized the behavior of CD36(-/-) mice and C57BL/6J mice by subjecting them to a series of tests, which include SHIRPA primary behavioral screen test, 1% sucrose preference test, elevated plus-maze test, open-field test and forced swimming test. The results showed that CD36(-/-) mice traversed more squares, emitted more defecation, exhibited higher tail elevation and had more aggressive behaviors than C57BL/6J mice. The CD36(-/-) mice spent more time and traveled longer distance in periphery zone in the open-field test. Meanwhile, the numbers that CD36(-/-) mice entered in the open arms of elevated plus-maze were reduced. These findings suggest that CD36(-/-) mice present an anxious phenotype and might be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Neurobehavioral Anomalies in the Pitx3/ak Murine Model of Parkinson’s Disease and MPTP. Behav Genet 2015; 46:228-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
26
|
Abstract
In this article, we refer to an original opinion paper written by Prof. Frank Beach in 1950 ("The Snark was a Boojum"). In his manuscript, Beach explicitly criticised the field of comparative psychology because of the disparity between the original understanding of comparativeness and its practical overly specialised implementation. Specialisation encompassed both experimental species (rats accounted for 70% of all subjects) and test paradigms (dominated by conditioning/learning experiments). Herein, we attempt to evaluate the extent to which these considerations apply to current behavioural neuroscience. Such evaluation is particularly interesting in the context of "translational research" that has recently gained growing attention. As a community, we believe that preclinical findings are intended to inform clinical practice at the level of therapies and knowledge advancements. Yet, limited reproducibility of experimental results and failures to translate preclinical research into clinical trial sindicate that these expectations are not entirely fulfilled. Theoretical considerations suggest that, before concluding that a given phenomenon is of relevance to our species, it should be observed in more than a single experimental model (be it an animal strain or species) and tested in more than a single standardized test battery. Yet, current approaches appear limited in terms of variability and overspecialised in terms of operative procedures. Specifically, as in 1950, rodents (mice instead of rats) still constitute the vast majority of animal species investigated. Additionally, the scientific community strives to homogenise experimental test strategies, thereby not only limiting the generalizability of the findings, but also working against the design of innovative approaches. Finally, we discuss the importance of evolutionary-adaptive considerations within the field of laboratory research. Specifically, resting upon empirical evidence indicating that developing individuals adjust their long-term phenotype according to early environmental demands, we propose that current rearing and housing standards do not adequately prepare experimental subjects to their actual adult environments. Specifically, while the adult life of a laboratory animal is characterized by frequent stimulations and challenges, the neonatal life is dominated by quietness and stability. We suggest that such form of mismatch may remarkably influence the reproducibility and reliability of experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Macrì
- Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - S Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Institute of Neuro and Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestraße 13, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nacer A, Movila A, Sohet F, Girgis NM, Gundra UM, Loke P, Daneman R, Frevert U. Experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis--hemodynamics at the blood brain barrier. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004528. [PMID: 25474413 PMCID: PMC4256476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria claims the lives of over 600,000 African children every year. To better understand the pathogenesis of this devastating disease, we compared the cellular dynamics in the cortical microvasculature between two infection models, Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infected CBA/CaJ mice, which develop experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), and P. yoelii 17XL (PyXL) infected mice, which succumb to malarial hyperparasitemia without neurological impairment. Using a combination of intravital imaging and flow cytometry, we show that significantly more CD8(+) T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages are recruited to postcapillary venules during ECM compared to hyperparasitemia. ECM correlated with ICAM-1 upregulation on macrophages, while vascular endothelia upregulated ICAM-1 during ECM and hyperparasitemia. The arrest of large numbers of leukocytes in postcapillary and larger venules caused microrheological alterations that significantly restricted the venous blood flow. Treatment with FTY720, which inhibits vascular leakage, neurological signs, and death from ECM, prevented the recruitment of a subpopulation of CD45(hi) CD8(+) T cells, ICAM-1(+) macrophages, and neutrophils to postcapillary venules. FTY720 had no effect on the ECM-associated expression of the pattern recognition receptor CD14 in postcapillary venules suggesting that endothelial activation is insufficient to cause vascular pathology. Expression of the endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of PbA-infected mice with ECM was unaltered compared to FTY720-treated PbA-infected mice or PyXL-infected mice with hyperparasitemia. Thus, blood brain barrier opening does not involve endothelial injury and is likely reversible, consistent with the rapid recovery of many patients with CM. We conclude that the ECM-associated recruitment of large numbers of activated leukocytes, in particular CD8(+) T cells and ICAM(+) macrophages, causes a severe restriction in the venous blood efflux from the brain, which exacerbates the vasogenic edema and increases the intracranial pressure. Thus, death from ECM could potentially occur as a consequence of intracranial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Nacer
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fabien Sohet
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Natasha M. Girgis
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uma Mahesh Gundra
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Daneman
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ute Frevert
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Meziane H, Fraulob V, Riet F, Krezel W, Selloum M, Geffarth M, Acampora D, Hérault Y, Simeone A, Brand M, Dollé P, Rhinn M. The homeodomain factor Gbx1 is required for locomotion and cell specification in the dorsal spinal cord. PeerJ 2013; 1:e142. [PMID: 24010020 PMCID: PMC3757465 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord integrate and relay sensory information to higher brain centers. These neurons are organized in specific laminae and different transcription factors are involved in their specification. The murine homeodomain Gbx1 protein is expressed in the mantle zone of the spinal cord at E12.5-13.5, correlating with the appearance of a discernable dorsal horn around E14 and eventually defining a narrow layer in the dorsal horn around perinatal stages. At postnatal stages, Gbx1 identifies a specific subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal spinal cord. We have generated a loss of function mutation for Gbx1 and analyzed its consequences during spinal cord development. Gbx1−/− mice are viable and can reproduce as homozygous null mutants. However, the adult mutant mice display an altered gait during forward movement that specifically affects the hindlimbs. This abnormal gait was evaluated by a series of behavioral tests, indicating that locomotion is impaired, but not muscle strength or motor coordination. Molecular analysis showed that the development of the dorsal horn is not profoundly affected in Gbx1−/− mutant mice. However, analysis of terminal neuronal differentiation revealed that the proportion of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn is diminished. Our study unveiled a role for Gbx1 in specifying a subset of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord involved in the control of posterior limb movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Meziane
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Fraulob
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Riet
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Michaela Geffarth
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies / Cluster of Excellence, and Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dario Acampora
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Yann Hérault
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Simeone
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michael Brand
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies / Cluster of Excellence, and Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Giralt A, Sanchis D, Cherubini M, Ginés S, Cañas X, Comella JX, Alberch J. Neurobehavioral characterization of Endonuclease G knockout mice reveals a new putative molecular player in the regulation of anxiety. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:122-9. [PMID: 23603365 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endonuclease G (EndoG) has been largely related with a role in the modulation of a caspase-independent cell death pathway in many cellular systems. However, whether this protein plays a specific role in the brain remains to be elucidated. Here we have characterized the behavioral phenotype of EndoG(-/-) null mice and the expression of the nuclease among brain regions. EndoG(-/-) mice showed normal neurological function, learning, motor coordination and spontaneous behaviors. However, these animals displayed lower activity in a running wheel and, strikingly, they were consistently less anxious compared to EndoG(+/+) mice in different tests for anxiety such as plus maze and dark-light test. We next evaluated the expression of EndoG in different brain regions of wild type mice and found that it was expressed in all over but specially enriched in the striatum. Further, subcellular biochemical experiments in neocortical samples from wild type mice revealed that EndoG is localized in pre-synaptic compartments but not in post-synaptic compartments. Altogether these findings suggest that EndoG could play a highly specific role in the regulation of anxiety by modulating synaptic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nacer A, Movila A, Baer K, Mikolajczak SA, Kappe SHI, Frevert U. Neuroimmunological blood brain barrier opening in experimental cerebral malaria. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002982. [PMID: 23133375 PMCID: PMC3486917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is responsible for nearly one million annual deaths worldwide. Because of the difficulty in monitoring the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in humans, we conducted a study in various mouse models to better understand disease progression in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). We compared the effect on the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the histopathology of the brain of P. berghei ANKA, a known ECM model, P. berghei NK65, generally thought not to induce ECM, P. yoelii 17XL, originally reported to induce human cerebral malaria-like histopathology, and P. yoelii YM. As expected, P. berghei ANKA infection caused neurological signs, cerebral hemorrhages, and BBB dysfunction in CBA/CaJ and Swiss Webster mice, while Balb/c and A/J mice were resistant. Surprisingly, PbNK induced ECM in CBA/CaJ mice, while all other mice were resistant. P. yoelii 17XL and P. yoelii YM caused lethal hyperparasitemia in all mouse strains; histopathological alterations, BBB dysfunction, or neurological signs were not observed. Intravital imaging revealed that infected erythrocytes containing mature parasites passed slowly through capillaries making intimate contact with the endothelium, but did not arrest. Except for relatively rare microhemorrhages, mice with ECM presented no obvious histopathological alterations that would explain the widespread disruption of the BBB. Intravital imaging did reveal, however, that postcapillary venules, but not capillaries or arterioles, from mice with ECM, but not hyperparasitemia, exhibit platelet marginalization, extravascular fibrin deposition, CD14 expression, and extensive vascular leakage. Blockage of LFA-1 mediated cellular interactions prevented leukocyte adhesion, vascular leakage, neurological signs, and death from ECM. The endothelial barrier-stabilizing mediators imatinib and FTY720 inhibited vascular leakage and neurological signs and prolonged survival to ECM. Thus, it appears that neurological signs and coma in ECM are due to regulated opening of paracellular-junctional and transcellular-vesicular fluid transport pathways at the neuroimmunological BBB. Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of all human malaria parasites, can cause cerebral malaria, a severe and frequently fatal complication of this devastating disease. Young children are predominantly at risk and may progress rapidly from the first signs of neurological involvement to coma and death. Here we used a murine model for high-resolution in vivo imaging to demonstrate that cerebral malaria, but not high parasitemia and severe anemia, is associated with extensive leakage of fluid from cerebral blood vessels into the brain tissue. This vascular leakage occurs downstream from the capillary bed, at the neuroimmunological blood brain barrier, a site recently recognized as the immune cell entry point into the brain during neuroinflammation. Vascular leakage is closely associated with the appearance of neurological signs suggesting that the ultimate cause of brain edema, coma and death in cerebral malaria is a widespread opening of the neuroimmunological blood brain barrier. Indeed, vascular leakage, neurological signs, and death from ECM can be prevented with endothelial barrier-stabilizing drugs. Based on the unique role of this anatomical feature in neuroinflammation, our findings are expected to have implications for other infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Nacer
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kerstin Baer
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ute Frevert
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Winchester CL, Ohzeki H, Vouyiouklis DA, Thompson R, Penninger JM, Yamagami K, Norrie JD, Hunter R, Pratt JA, Morris BJ. Converging evidence that sequence variations in the novel candidate gene MAP2K7 (MKK7) are functionally associated with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4910-21. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
32
|
Dombret C, Nguyen T, Schakman O, Michaud JL, Hardin-Pouzet H, Bertrand MJ, De Backer O. Loss of Maged1 results in obesity, deficits of social interactions, impaired sexual behavior and severe alteration of mature oxytocin production in the hypothalamus. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4703-17. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
33
|
Filali M, Lalonde R, Theriault P, Julien C, Calon F, Planel E. Cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease expressing mutated APP, PS1, and Mapt (3xTg-AD). Behav Brain Res 2012; 234:334-42. [PMID: 22796601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
3xTg-AD mutant mice are characterized by parenchymal Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles resembling those found in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The mutants were compared with non-transgenic controls in sensorimotor and learning tests. 3xTg-AD mutants were deficient in T-maze reversal, object recognition, and passive avoidance learning. In addition, the mutants showed hypoactivity in two open-field tests, fewer fecal boli in an observation jar, and reduced enclosed arm entries and head-dipping in the elevated plus-maze. On the contrary, the mutants did not differ from controls in pain thresholds, nest-building, and various reflexes determined by the SHIRPA primary screen and were even better on the rotorod test of motor coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Filali
- Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Platform, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Genomics, CHUQ Research Center, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hunsaker MR. Comprehensive neurocognitive endophenotyping strategies for mouse models of genetic disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 96:220-41. [PMID: 22266125 PMCID: PMC3289520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for refinement of the current behavioral phenotyping methods for mouse models of genetic disorders. The current approach is to perform a behavioral screen using standardized tasks to define a broad phenotype of the model. This phenotype is then compared to what is known concerning the disorder being modeled. The weakness inherent in this approach is twofold: First, the tasks that make up these standard behavioral screens do not model specific behaviors associated with a given genetic mutation but rather phenotypes affected in various genetic disorders; secondly, these behavioral tasks are insufficiently sensitive to identify subtle phenotypes. An alternate phenotyping strategy is to determine the core behavioral phenotypes of the genetic disorder being studied and develop behavioral tasks to evaluate specific hypotheses concerning the behavioral consequences of the genetic mutation. This approach emphasizes direct comparisons between the mouse and human that facilitate the development of neurobehavioral biomarkers or quantitative outcome measures for studies of genetic disorders across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hunsaker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jacquelin C, Strazielle C, Lalonde R. Neurologic function during developmental and adult stages in Dab1scm (scrambler) mutant mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226:265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Zurborg S, Piszczek A, Martínez C, Hublitz P, Al Banchaabouchi M, Moreira P, Perlas E, Heppenstall PA. Generation and characterization of an Advillin-Cre driver mouse line. Mol Pain 2011; 7:66. [PMID: 21906401 PMCID: PMC3185264 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in the somatosensory field has been restricted by the limited number of genetic tools available to study gene function in peripheral sensory neurons. Here we generated a Cre-driver mouse line that expresses Cre-recombinase from the locus of the sensory neuron specific gene Advillin. These mice displayed almost exclusive Cre-mediated recombination in all peripheral sensory neurons. As such, the Advillin-Cre-driver line will be a powerful tool for targeting peripheral neurons in future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zurborg
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tsukiyama N, Saida Y, Kakuda M, Shintani N, Hayata A, Morita Y, Tanida M, Tajiri M, Hazama K, Ogata K, Hashimoto H, Baba A. PACAP centrally mediates emotional stress-induced corticosterone responses in mice. Stress 2011; 14:368-75. [PMID: 21438773 PMCID: PMC3128825 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2010.544345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide widely distributed in the nervous system. Recently, PACAP was shown to be involved in restraint stress-induced corticosterone release and concomitant expression of the genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Therefore, in this study, we have addressed the types of stressors and the levels of the HPA axis in which PACAP signaling is involved using mice lacking PACAP (PACAP⁻/⁻). Among four different types of stressors, open-field exposure, cold exposure, ether inhalation, and restraint, the corticosterone response to open-field exposure and restraint, which are categorized as emotional stressors, but not the other two, was markedly attenuated in PACAP⁻/⁻ mice. Peripheral administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) or adrenocorticotropic hormone induced corticosterone increase similarly in PACAP⁻/⁻ and wild-type mice. In addition, the restraint stress-induced c-Fos expression was significantly decreased in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and medial amygdala (MeA), but not the medial prefrontal cortex, in PACAP⁻/⁻ mice. In the PVN of PACAP⁻/⁻ mice, the stress-induced c-Fos expression was blunted in the CRF neurons. These results suggest that PACAP is critically involved in activation of the MeA and PVN CRF neurons to centrally regulate the HPA axis response to emotional stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Tsukiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pazirandeh A, Sultana T, Mirza M, Rozell B, Hultenby K, Wallis K, Vennström B, Davis B, Arner A, Heuchel R, Löhr M, Philipson L, Sollerbrant K. Multiple phenotypes in adult mice following inactivation of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (Car) gene. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20203. [PMID: 21674029 PMCID: PMC3108585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the normal function of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), a protein found in tight junctions and other intercellular complexes, we constructed a mouse line in which the CAR gene could be disrupted at any chosen time point in a broad spectrum of cell types and tissues. All knockouts examined displayed a dilated intestinal tract and atrophy of the exocrine pancreas with appearance of tubular complexes characteristic of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. The mice also exhibited a complete atrio-ventricular block and abnormal thymopoiesis. These results demonstrate that CAR exerts important functions in the physiology of several organs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Pazirandeh
- Ludwig Institutet for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taranum Sultana
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Momina Mirza
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Rozell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karin Wallis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Vennström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Davis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lennart Philipson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sollerbrant
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A rapid murine coma and behavior scale for quantitative assessment of murine cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20957049 PMCID: PMC2948515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neurological syndrome that includes coma and seizures following malaria parasite infection. The pathophysiology is not fully understood and cannot be accounted for by infection alone: patients still succumb to CM, even if the underlying parasite infection has resolved. To that effect, there is no known adjuvant therapy for CM. Current murine CM (MCM) models do not allow for rapid clinical identification of affected animals following infection. An animal model that more closely mimics the clinical features of human CM would be helpful in elucidating potential mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and evaluating new adjuvant therapies. Methodology/Principal Findings A quantitative, rapid murine coma and behavior scale (RMCBS) comprised of 10 parameters was developed to assess MCM manifested in C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Using this method a single mouse can be completely assessed within 3 minutes. The RMCBS enables the operator to follow the evolution of the clinical syndrome, validated here by correlations with intracerebral hemorrhages. It provides a tool by which subjects can be identified as symptomatic prior to the initiation of trial treatment. Conclusions/Significance Since the RMCBS enables an operator to rapidly follow the course of disease, label a subject as affected or not, and correlate the level of illness with neuropathologic injury, it can ultimately be used to guide the initiation of treatment after the onset of cerebral disease (thus emulating the situation in the field). The RMCBS is a tool by which an adjuvant therapy can be objectively assessed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Niklasson M, Bergström T, Zhang XQ, Gustafsdottir SM, Sjögren M, Edqvist PH, Vennström B, Forsberg M, Forsberg-Nilsson K. Enlarged lateral ventricles and aberrant behavior in mice overexpressing PDGF-B in embryonic neural stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2779-89. [PMID: 20643125 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is important in central nervous system (CNS) development, and aberrant expression of PDGF and its receptors has been linked to developmental defects and brain tumorigenesis. We previously found that neural stem and progenitor cells in culture produce PDGF and respond to it by autocrine and/or paracrine signaling. We therefore aimed to examine CNS development after PDGF overexpression in neural stem cells in vivo. Transgenic mice were generated with PDGF-B under control of a minimal nestin enhancer element, which is specific for embryonic expression and will not drive adult expression in mice. The resulting mouse showed increased apoptosis in the developing striatum, which suggests a disturbed regulation of progenitor cells. Later in neurodevelopment, in early postnatal life, mice displayed enlarged lateral ventricles. This enlargement remained into adulthood and it was more pronounced in male mice than in transgenic female mice. Nevertheless, there was an overall normal composition of cell types and numbers in the brain and the transgenic mice were viable and fertile. Adult transgenic males, however, showed behavioral aberrations and locomotor dysfunction. Thus, a tightly regulated expression of PDGF during embryogenesis is required for normal brain development and function in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Niklasson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Martins YC, Werneck GL, Carvalho LJ, Silva BPT, Andrade BG, Souza TM, Souza DO, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Algorithms to predict cerebral malaria in murine models using the SHIRPA protocol. Malar J 2010; 9:85. [PMID: 20334682 PMCID: PMC2850361 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in C57Bl/6 mice induces cerebral malaria (CM), which reproduces, to a large extent, the pathological features of human CM. However, experimental CM incidence is variable (50-100%) and the period of incidence may present a range as wide as 6-12 days post-infection. The poor predictability of which and when infected mice will develop CM can make it difficult to determine the causal relationship of early pathological changes and outcome. With the purpose of contributing to solving these problems, algorithms for CM prediction were built. Methods Seventy-eight P. berghei-infected mice were daily evaluated using the primary SHIRPA protocol. Mice were classified as CM+ or CM- according to development of neurological signs on days 6-12 post-infection. Logistic regression was used to build predictive models for CM based on the results of SHIRPA tests and parasitaemia. Results The overall CM incidence was 54% occurring on days 6-10. Some algorithms had a very good performance in predicting CM, with the area under the receiver operator characteristic (auROC) curve ≥ 80% and positive predictive values (PV+) ≥ 95, and correctly predicted time of death due to CM between 24 and 72 hours before development of the neurological syndrome (auROC = 77-93%; PV+ = 100% using high cut off values). Inclusion of parasitaemia data slightly improved algorithm performance. Conclusion These algorithms work with data from a simple, inexpensive, reproducible and fast protocol. Most importantly, they can predict CM development very early, estimate time of death, and might be a valuable tool for research using CM murine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri C Martins
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Cep: 21045-900 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
How Many Ways Can Mouse Behavioral Experiments Go Wrong? Confounding Variables in Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases and How to Control Them. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(10)41007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Urbach YK, Bode FJ, Nguyen HP, Riess O, von Hörsten S. Neurobehavioral tests in rat models of degenerative brain diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 597:333-56. [PMID: 20013245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-389-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Each translational approach in medical research forces the establishment of neurobehavioral screening systems, dedicated to fill the gap between postgenomic generation of state-of-the-art animal models (i.e. transgenic rats) on the one hand and their added value for really predictive experimental preclinical therapy on the other. Owing to these developments in the field, neuroscientists are frequently challenged by the task of detecting discrete behavioral differences in rats. Systematic, comprehensive phenotyping covers these needs and represents a central part of the process. In this chapter, we provide an overview on theoretical issues related to comprehensive neurobehavioral phenotyping of rats and propose specific classical procedures, protocols (similar to the SHIRPA approach in mice), as well as techniques for repeated, intraindividual phenotyping. Neurological testing of rats, motorfunctional screening using the accelerod approach, emotional screening using the social interaction test of anxiety, and testing of sensorimotoric gating functions by prepulse inhibition of the startle response are provided in more detail. This description is completed by an outlook on most recent developments in the field dealing with automated, intra-home-cage technologies, allowing continuous screening in rats in various behavioral and physiological dimensions on an ethological basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K Urbach
- Franz-Penzoldt-Center, Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lad HV, Liu L, Paya-Cano JL, Parsons MJ, Kember R, Fernandes C, Schalkwyk LC. Behavioural battery testing: evaluation and behavioural outcomes in 8 inbred mouse strains. Physiol Behav 2009; 99:301-16. [PMID: 19931548 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of large scale behavioural batteries for the discovery of novel genes underlying behavioural variation has considerable potential. Building a broad behavioural profile serves to better understand the complex interplay of overlapping genetic factors contributing to various paradigms, underpinning a systems biology approach. We devised a battery of tests to dissect and characterise the genetic bases of behavioural phenotypes, but firstly undertook to evaluate several aspects considered potentially confounding for mapping quantitative traits. These included investigating: individual versus sibling housing; testing at different times during the day; battery versus non-battery testing; and initial placement within the light-dark box. Furthermore, we assessed how behavioural profiles differed in our battery across 8 inbred strains. Overall, we found the behavioural battery was most sensitive to paired-housing effects, where weight and some measures in the open field, elevated plus maze and light-dark box differed significantly between sibling housed and singly housed mice. Few large effects were found for testing at different times of day and battery versus non-battery testing. Placement in the light-dark box influenced activity and duration measures, which profoundly affected the analysis outcome. Behavioural profiles across eight inbred strains (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, and SJL/J) demonstrated some robust strain ranking differences for measures in the open field and light-dark tests in our battery. However, some tests such as the elevated plus maze produced incongruous strain ranking effects across measures. The findings reported herein bear out the promise of behavioural batteries for mapping naturally occurring variation in mouse reference populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Vanmalibhai Lad
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bhogal N, Scrivens M. Welfare Implications of Standardised Protocols for Phenotyping and Genotyping Genetically Altered Mice. Altern Lab Anim 2008; 36:599-612. [DOI: 10.1177/026119290803600515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype-driven mouse mutagenesis programmes are widely advocated as a means of assigning functions to human genes. These programmes often give rise to a number of animal welfare concerns, not least the large numbers of animals that are used. Here, we consider how the phenotyping screens used in all such programmes can be improved, with specific reference to the standard phenotyping procedures described by the European Mouse Phenotyping Resource of Standardised Screens (EMPReSS). Although we commend the efforts of the Consortium in developing standardised screens for phenotyping, animal welfare should take precedence over technical ease and the cost implications of the research. A number of recommendations are made that could reduce the suffering of the mice used in such studies. These include the use of minimally invasive practices, reduced sample sizes, and combining the assays used in such studies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rodrigues LG, Ferraz MJ, Rodrigues D, Pais-Vieira M, Lima D, Brady RO, Sousa MM, Sá-Miranda MC. Neurophysiological, behavioral and morphological abnormalities in the Fabry knockout mice. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 33:48-56. [PMID: 18848893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (OMIM 301500) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the alpha-galactosidase gene (GLA). Loss of alpha-galactosidase (alpha-Gal) activity leads to the abnormal accumulation of glycosphingolipids in lysosomes predominantly of vascular endothelial cells. Clinically the disorder presents with angiokeratomas, clouding of the cornea, and renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular complications. In addition, there is an increased incidence of neuropathic pain in Fabry patients. In this study, we investigated the implications of loss of alpha-galactosidase A activity on sensorimotor function and peripheral nervous system. Similar to the described in Fabry disease patients, the sensorimotor assessment of Fabry mice revealed diminished locomotor activity and warm hypoalgesia as assessed in the hot-plate. Moreover Fabry mice displayed alterations both in balance and co-ordination. By histological analysis, the cyto-architecture of Fabry mice sciatic nerves showed an increase in mean cross-sectional area accompanied by a decrease in the density of non-myelinated fibers as well as a trend for a decreased number of small myelinated fibers, a well established feature of Fabry disease. A relative preservation of large myelinated fibers and nerve conduction velocity measurements was observed. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that Fabry knockout mice have Gb3 accumulation in the peripheral nervous system, alterations in sensorimotor function, hypoalgesia and no impairment of motor nerve conduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Rodrigues
- Lysosome and Peroxisome Biology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heinrichs SC, Koob GF. Application of experimental stressors in laboratory rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 8:Unit8.4. [PMID: 18428648 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0804s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This unit presents eight separate stressor protocols for laboratory rodents. Stress induction is a critical element in the study of neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining a state of stress. The first four procedures, immobilization, footshock, swimming, and noise, involve acute exposure to noxious stimuli. The next three procedures, social isolation, resident/intruder aggression, and maternal deprivation, induce social disruption by withdrawal from a group housing condition, attack within the unfamiliar territory of a dominant male, or segregation of a preweanling pup from its mother, respectively. The final procedure, sleep deprivation, involves passive denial of the opportunity to sleep. Support protocols are provided to address the need for environmental acclimation and calming procedures prior to any stress-related studies (including, for rats, handling of the animals as a calming measure) and to detail a simple method of quantifying the response to a given stressor by direct measurement of levels of the stress hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone.
Collapse
|
48
|
Staton PC, Hatcher JP, Walker DJ, Morrison AD, Shapland EM, Hughes JP, Chong E, Mander PK, Green PJ, Billinton A, Fulleylove M, Lancaster HC, Smith JC, Bailey LT, Wise A, Brown AJ, Richardson JC, Chessell IP. The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 plays a role in mechanical hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pain 2008; 139:225-236. [PMID: 18502582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR55, is a third cannabinoid receptor. Given that the ligands at the CB(1) and CB(2) receptors are effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, the role of GPR55 in hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain has been investigated. As there are no well-validated GPR55 tool compounds, a GPR55 knockout (GPR55(-/-)) mouse line was generated and fully backcrossed onto the C57BL/6 strain. General phenotypic analysis of GPR55(-/-) mice revealed no obvious primary differences, compared with wild-type (GPR55(+/+)) littermates. GPR55(-/-) mice were then tested in the models of adjuvant-induced inflammation and partial nerve ligation. Following intraplantar administration of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia was completely absent in GPR55(-/-) mice up to 14 days post-injection. Cytokine profiling experiments showed that at 14 days post-FCA injection there were increased levels of IL-4, IL-10, IFN gamma and GM-CSF in paws from the FCA-injected GPR55(-/-) mice when compared with the FCA-injected GPR55(+/+) mice. This suggests that GPR55 signalling can influence the regulation of certain cytokines and this may contribute to the lack of inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia in the GPR55(-/-) mice. In the model of neuropathic hypersensitivity, GPR55(-/-) mice also failed to develop mechanical hyperalgesia up to 28 days post-ligation. These data clearly suggest that the manipulation of GPR55 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penny C Staton
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK Discovery Technology Group, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wallis K, Sjögren M, van Hogerlinden M, Silberberg G, Fisahn A, Nordström K, Larsson L, Westerblad H, Morreale de Escobar G, Shupliakov O, Vennström B. Locomotor deficiencies and aberrant development of subtype-specific GABAergic interneurons caused by an unliganded thyroid hormone receptor alpha1. J Neurosci 2008; 28:1904-15. [PMID: 18287507 PMCID: PMC6671444 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5163-07.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency during development causes severe and permanent neuronal damage, but the primary insult at the tissue level has remained unsolved. We have defined locomotor deficiencies in mice caused by a mutant thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 (TR alpha1) with potent aporeceptor activity attributable to reduced affinity to TH. This allowed identification of distinct functions that required either maternal supply of TH during early embryonic development or sufficient innate levels of hormone during late fetal development. In both instances, continued exposure to high levels of TH after birth and throughout life was needed. The hormonal dependencies correlated with severely delayed appearance of parvalbumin-immunoreactive GABAergic interneurons and increased numbers of calretinin-immunoreactive cells in the neocortex. This resulted in reduced numbers of fast spiking interneurons and defects in cortical network activity. The identification of locomotor deficiencies caused by insufficient supply of TH during fetal/perinatal development and their correlation with subtype-specific interneurons suggest a previously unknown basis for the neuronal consequences of endemic cretinism and untreated congenital hypothyroidism, and specifies TR alpha1 as the receptor isoform mediating these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Larsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Morreale de Escobar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lindemann L, Meyer CA, Jeanneau K, Bradaia A, Ozmen L, Bluethmann H, Bettler B, Wettstein JG, Borroni E, Moreau JL, Hoener MC. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Modulates Dopaminergic Activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:948-56. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|