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Cao Y, van der Velden WJC, Namkung Y, Nivedha AK, Cho A, Sedki D, Holleran B, Lee N, Leduc R, Muk S, Le K, Bhattacharya S, Vaidehi N, Laporte SA. Unraveling allostery within the angiotensin II type 1 receptor for Gα q and β-arrestin coupling. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf2173. [PMID: 37552769 PMCID: PMC10640921 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors engage both G proteins and β-arrestins, and their coupling can be biased by ligands and mutations. Here, to resolve structural elements and mechanisms underlying effector coupling to the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R), we combined alanine scanning mutagenesis of the entire sequence of the receptor with pharmacological profiling of Gαq and β-arrestin engagement to mutant receptors and molecular dynamics simulations. We showed that Gαq coupling to AT1R involved a large number of residues spread across the receptor, whereas fewer structural regions of the receptor contributed to β-arrestin coupling regulation. Residue stretches in transmembrane domain 4 conferred β-arrestin bias and represented an important structural element in AT1R for functional selectivity. Furthermore, we identified allosteric small-molecule binding sites that were enclosed by communities of residues that produced biased signaling when mutated. Last, we showed that allosteric communication within AT1R emanating from the Gαq coupling site spread beyond the orthosteric AngII-binding site and across different regions of the receptor, including currently unresolved structural regions. Our findings reveal structural elements and mechanisms within AT1R that bias Gαq and β-arrestin coupling and that could be harnessed to design biased receptors for research purposes and to develop allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Wijnand J. C. van der Velden
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anita K. Nivedha
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Aaron Cho
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dana Sedki
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Brian Holleran
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Lee
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sanychen Muk
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Keith Le
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Stéphane A. Laporte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
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2
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Smith D, Layton A. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: insights from mathematical modelling. J Math Biol 2023; 86:58. [PMID: 36952058 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of volume homeostasis and blood pressure. In addition to the well-studied systemic RAS, local RAS have been documented in various tissues, including the kidney. Given the role of the intrarenal RAS in the pathogenesis of hypertension, a role established via various pharmacologic and genetic studies, substantial efforts have been made to unravel the processes that govern intrarenal RAS activity. In particular, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the rise in intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) that accompanies Ang II infusion, including increased angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated uptake of Ang II and enhanced intrarenal Ang II production. However, experimentally isolating their contribution to the intrarenal accumulation of Ang II in Ang II-induced hypertension is challenging, given that they are fundamentally connected. Computational modelling is advantageous because the feedback underlying each mechanism can be removed and the effect on intrarenal Ang II can be studied. In this work, the mechanisms governing the intrarenal accumulation of Ang II during Ang II infusion experiments are delineated and the role of the intrarenal RAS in Ang II-induced hypertension is studied. To accomplish this, a compartmental ODE model of the systemic and intrarenal RAS is developed and Ang II infusion experiments are simulated. Simulations indicate that AT1R-mediated uptake of Ang II is the primary mechanism by which Ang II accumulates in the kidney during Ang II infusion. Enhanced local Ang II production is unnecessary. The results demonstrate the role of the intrarenal RAS in the pathogenesis of Ang II-induced hypertension and consequently, clinical hypertension associated with an overactive RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney Smith
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Anita Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Hirunpattarasilp C, James G, Kwanthongdee J, Freitas F, Huo J, Sethi H, Kittler JT, Owens RJ, McCoy LE, Attwell D. SARS-CoV-2 triggers pericyte-mediated cerebral capillary constriction. Brain 2023; 146:727-738. [PMID: 35867861 PMCID: PMC9384509 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is found on pericytes, contractile cells enwrapping capillaries that regulate brain, heart and kidney blood flow. ACE2 converts vasoconstricting angiotensin II into vasodilating angiotensin-(1-7). In brain slices from hamster, which has an ACE2 sequence similar to human ACE2, angiotensin II evoked a small pericyte-mediated capillary constriction via AT1 receptors, but evoked a large constriction when the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD, original Wuhan variant) was present. A mutated non-binding RBD did not potentiate constriction. A similar RBD-potentiated capillary constriction occurred in human cortical slices, and was evoked in hamster brain slices by pseudotyped virions expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This constriction reflects an RBD-induced decrease in the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) mediated by removal of ACE2 from the cell surface membrane and was mimicked by blocking ACE2. The clinically used drug losartan inhibited the RBD-potentiated constriction. Thus, AT1 receptor blockers could be protective in COVID-19 by preventing pericyte-mediated blood flow reductions in the brain, and perhaps the heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Greg James
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jaturon Kwanthongdee
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Huma Sethi
- Division of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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4
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Guimarães-Nobre CC, Mendonça-Reis E, Teixeira-Alves LR, Miranda-Alves L, Berto-Junior C. ATR1 Angiotensin II Receptor Reduces Hemoglobin S Polymerization, Phosphatidylserine Exposure, and Increases Deformability of Sickle Cell Disease Erythrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:711-721. [PMID: 36175813 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates blood volume and stimulates erythropoiesis through AT1 (ATR1) and AT2 (ATR2) receptors, found in multiple tissues, including erythrocytes. Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients present altered Ang II levels. Hemoglobin S polymerization, deformability and phosphatidylserine translocation are important features of mature erythrocytes, therefore, our hypothesis is Ang II affects these parameters and, if it does, what would be the influence of AT1R and AT2R on these effects. A polymerization assay (PA), deformability, and annexin V binding were performed in SCD erythrocytes samples adding Ang II, ATR1 antagonist (losartan or eprosartan), and ATR2 antagonist (PD123319). Through the PA test, we observed a dose-dependent polymerization inhibition effect when comparing Ang II to control. Losartan did not affect the level or the rate of Ang II inhibition, while PD123319 showed an increased level of protection against polymerization, and eprosartan brought levels back to control. Ang II was able to reduce the translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet, a marker of eryptosis, in the presence of PD123319. Also, ATR1 showed a positive effect increasing deformability. Our data shows that ATR1 is important for maintenance of erythrocyte physiological function in SCD and for prolonging its life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristina Guimarães-Nobre
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide - GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Mendonça-Reis
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide - GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyzes Rosa Teixeira-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide - GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental- LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clemilson Berto-Junior
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide - GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental- LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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5
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Song X, Zou X, Ge W, Hou C, Cao Z, Zhao H, Zhang T, Jin L, Fu Y, Kong W, Yan C, Cai J, Wang J. Blocking FcγRIIB in Smooth Muscle Cells Reduces Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 129:308-325. [PMID: 33980031 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/prevention & control
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Weipeng Ge
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Cuiliu Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Zhujie Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (T.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (L.J., J.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Y.F., W.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education (Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Wei Kong
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Y.F., W.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education (Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (L.J., J.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (X.S., X.Z., W.G., C.H., Z.C., H.Z., J.W.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
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6
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Takahashi T, Huang Y, Yamamoto K, Hamano G, Kakino A, Kang F, Imaizumi Y, Takeshita H, Nozato Y, Nozato S, Yokoyama S, Nagasawa M, Kawai T, Takeda M, Fujimoto T, Hongyo K, Nakagami F, Akasaka H, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Gaisano HY, Sawamura T, Rakugi H. The endocytosis of oxidized LDL via the activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. iScience 2021; 24:102076. [PMID: 33659870 PMCID: PMC7890409 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestin-dependent activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) triggers endocytotic internalization of the receptor complex. We analyzed the interaction between the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor (LOX-1) and the GPCR angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) to report a hitherto unidentified mechanism whereby internalization of the GPCR mediates cellular endocytosis of the PRR ligand. Using genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cells, we found that oxLDL activates Gαi but not the Gαq pathway of AT1 in the presence of LOX-1. Endocytosis of the oxLDL-LOX-1 complex through the AT1-β-arrestin pathway was demonstrated by real-time imaging of the membrane dynamics of LOX-1 and visualization of endocytosis of oxLDL. Finally, this endocytotic pathway involving GPCR kinases (GRKs), β-arrestin, and clathrin is relevant in accumulating oxLDL in human vascular endothelial cells. Together, our findings indicate that oxLDL activates selective G proteins and β-arrestin-dependent internalization of AT1, whereby the oxLDL-LOX-1 complex undergoes endocytosis. The binding of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) to LOX-1 induces selective activation of AT1 oxLDL and angiotensin II additively or competitively activate AT1 in different cells oxLDL promotes β-arrestin-dependent internalization of oxLDL-LOX-1-AT1 complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yibin Huang
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Go Hamano
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yuki Imaizumi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoko Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motonori Nagasawa
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masao Takeda
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nakagami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Herbert Y. Gaisano
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Angiotensin dependent and angiotensin independent protective effects of renin-b in H9c2 cells after anoxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19689. [PMID: 33184370 PMCID: PMC7661495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system is known to regulate blood pressure as well as water- and electrolyte balance. An activated RAS is involved in the development of hypertension and hypertension-related organ damage. Thus, inhibitors of the RAS are protective and markedly increasing the life span of patients. In contrast, renin transcripts have been discovered encoding a cytoplasmatic renin isoform, termed renin-b, which is not harmful but may be even protective. Here we demonstrate that depletion of renin-b encoding transcripts by small interference RNA decreased ATP levels and increased basal necrosis as well as apoptosis rates. Furthermore, renin-b depletion potentiated the anoxia-induced increase of necrosis rates. Vice versa, overexpression of renin-b prevented the anoxia-induced increase of caspase-mediated apoptosis rates. Besides, cells overexpressing renin-b exhibited even reduced mitochondrial mediated apoptosis rates under anoxia, when compared with normoxic conditions, as indicated by Annexin V labeling. However, whereas the protective effect of renin-b on caspase-mediated apoptosis was completely blocked by the renin inhibitor CH732, the effect on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis was not affected by CH732 at all. From these data we conclude that renin-b overexpression mediates cardioprotective effects under anoxia with respect to mitochondrial induced apoptosis angiotensin-independently, but with respect to caspase induced apoptosis likely in an angiotensin-dependent manner.
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8
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He X, Yan L, Wu Q, Zhang G, Zhou N. Ligand-dependent internalization of Bombyx mori tachykinin-related peptide receptor is regulated by PKC, GRK5 and β-arrestin2/BmKurtz. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118690. [PMID: 32112783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin signaling system is present in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and functions as neuromodulator responsible for the regulation of various physiological processes. In human, the internalization of G protein-coupled receptors has been extensively characterized; however, the insect GPCR internalization has been rarely investigated. Here, we constructed two expression vectors of Bombyx tachykinin-related peptide receptor (BmTKRPR) fused with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) at the C-terminal end for direct visualization of receptor expression, localization, and trafficking in cultured mammalian HEK293 and insect Sf21 cells. Our results demonstrated that agonist-activated BmTKRPR underwent rapid internalization in a dose-and time-dependent manner via a clathrin-dependent pathway in both HEK293 and Sf21 cells. Further investigation via RNAi or specific inhibitors, or co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that agonist-induced BmTKRPR internalization was mediated by PKC, GRK5 and β-arrestin2/BmKurtz. In addition, we also observed that most of the internalized BmTKRP receptors were recycled to the cell surface via early endosomes upon peptide ligand removal. Our study provides the first in-depth information on mechanisms underlying insect TKRP receptor internalization and perhaps aids in the interpretation of the signaling in the regulation of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai He
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
| | - Lili Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Sericulture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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9
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Imaizumi T, Kobayashi A, Otsubo S, Komai M, Magara M, Otsubo N. The discovery and optimization of a series of 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives as ChemR23 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Bouressam ML, Lecat S, Raoul A, Gaucher C, Perrin-Sarrado C, Lartaud I, Dupuis F. S-nitrosoglutathione inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT 1 receptor responses: A possible role of S-nitrosation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2049-2062. [PMID: 30822355 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin II (AngII) and NO regulate the cerebral circulation. AngII AT1 receptors exert ligand-dependent and ligand-independent (myogenic tone [MT]) vasoconstriction of cerebral vessels. NO induces post-translational modifications of proteins such as S-nitrosation (redox modification of cysteine residues). In cultured cells, S-nitrosation decreases AngII's affinity for the AT1 receptor. The present work evaluated the functional consequences of S-nitrosation on both AngII-dependent and AngII-independent cerebrovascular responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH S-Nitrosation was induced in rat isolated middle cerebral arteries by pretreatment with the NO donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Agonist-dependent activation of AT1 receptors was evaluated by obtaining concentration-response curves to AngII. Ligand-independent activation of AT1 receptors was evaluated by calculating MT (active vs. passive diameter) at pressures ranging from 20 to 200 mmHg in the presence or not of a selective AT1 receptor inverse agonist. KEY RESULTS GSNO or SNP completely abolished the AngII-dependent AT1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. GSNO had no impact on responses to other vasoconstrictors sharing (phenylephrine, U46619) or not (5-HT) the same signalling pathway. MT was reduced by GSNO, and the addition of losartan did not further decrease MT, suggesting that GSNO blocks AT1 receptor-dependent MT. Ascorbate (which reduces S-nitrosated compounds) restored the response to AngII but not the soluble GC inhibitor ODQ, suggesting that these effects are mediated by S-nitrosation rather than by S-nitrosylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In rat middle cerebral arteries, GSNO pretreatment specifically affects the AT1 receptor and reduces both AngII-dependent and AngII-independent activation, most likely through AT1 receptor S-nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Lecat
- BSC UMR7242 "GPCRs, pain and inflammation" team, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg Labex Medalis, Illkirch, France
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11
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Turu G, Balla A, Hunyady L. The Role of β-Arrestin Proteins in Organization of Signaling and Regulation of the AT1 Angiotensin Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:519. [PMID: 31447777 PMCID: PMC6691095 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AT1 angiotensin receptor plays important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the cardiovascular system. Renin-angiotensin system represents a target system for drugs acting at different levels. The main effects of ATR1 stimulation involve activation of Gq proteins and subsequent IP3, DAG, and calcium signaling. It has become evident in recent years that besides the well-known G protein pathways, AT1R also activates a parallel signaling pathway through β-arrestins. β-arrestins were originally described as proteins that desensitize G protein-coupled receptors, but they can also mediate receptor internalization and G protein-independent signaling. AT1R is one of the most studied receptors, which was used to unravel the newly recognized β-arrestin-mediated pathways. β-arrestin-mediated signaling has become one of the most studied topics in recent years in molecular pharmacology and the modulation of these pathways of the AT1R might offer new therapeutic opportunities in the near future. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the field of β-arrestin signaling of the AT1R, emphasizing its role in cardiovascular regulation and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Hunyady
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12
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Alterations in vascular function by syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles via lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in mouse uterine arteries. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2369-2381. [PMID: 30352791 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEVs), released into the maternal circulation during pregnancy, have been shown to affect vascular function; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In rats, STBEVs were shown to reduce endothelium-mediated vasodilation via lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), a multi-ligand scavenger receptor that has been associated with vascular dysfunction. Recently, LOX-1 was shown to interact with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1). We hypothesized that, in pregnant mice, STBEVs would impair vascular function via LOX-1 and would specifically affect angiotensin II responses. Uterine arteries from pregnant control (C57BL/6) and LOX-1 knockout (LOX-1KO) mice were isolated on gestational day (GD) 18.5. Endothelium-dependent (methylcholine (MCh); ± N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester to assess nitric oxide (NO) contribution), and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilation, and vasoconstriction (angiotensin II; ± AT-1 [candesartan] or angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT-2) [PD123.319] receptor antagonists; high potassium salt solution) responses were assessed using wire myography. AT-1 and AT-2 expression was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with STBEVs ± LOX-1 blocking antibody, and superoxide and peroxynitrite production were analyzed. Although MCh-induced vasodilation was decreased (P=0.0012), NO contribution to vasodilation was greater in LOX-1KO mice (P=0.0055). STBEVs delayed angiotensin II tachyphylaxis in arteries from control but not LOX-1KO mice (P<0.0001), while AT-1 and AT-2 expression was unchanged. STBEVs increased peroxynitrite production in HUVECs via LOX-1 (P=0.0091). In summary, LOX-1 deletion altered endothelium-mediated vasodilation, suggesting that LOX-1 contributes to vascular adaptations in pregnancy. STBEVs increased angiotensin II responsiveness and oxidative stress levels via LOX-1, suggesting that increased LOX-1 expression/activation or STBEVs could adversely affect vascular function and contribute to vascular complications of pregnancy.
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13
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GRK2 knockdown in mice exacerbates kidney injury and alters renal mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11415. [PMID: 30061705 PMCID: PMC6065385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body primarily via angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R). Renal AT1R was found to be primarily responsible for Ang II-mediated hypertension. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) modulates AT1R desensitization and increased GRK2 protein expression is reported in hypertensive patients. However, the consequences of GRK2 inhibition on kidney functions remain unknown. We employed shGRK2 knockdown mice (shGRK2 mice) to test the role of GRK2 in kidney development and function that can be ultimately linked to the hypertensive phenotype detected in shGRK2 mice. GRK2 knockdown reduced kidney size, nephrogenesis and glomerular count, and impaired glomerular filtration. Glomerular damage in adult shGRK2 mice was associated with increased renin- and AT1R-mediated production of reactive oxygen species. The AT1R blocker, Losartan, normalized elevated blood pressure and markedly improved glomerular filtration in the shGRK2 knockdown mice. Our findings provide evidence for the crucial role of GRK2 in renal regulation of blood pressure. It also suggests that the detrimental outcomes of GRK2 inhibitors on the kidney should be carefully examined when used as antihypertensive.
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14
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Rainbow RD, Brennan S, Jackson R, Beech AJ, Bengreed A, Waldschmidt HV, Tesmer JJG, Challiss RAJ, Willets JM. Small-Molecule G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Attenuate G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2-Mediated Desensitization of Vasoconstrictor-Induced Arterial Contractions. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1079-1091. [PMID: 29980659 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoconstrictor-driven G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)/phospholipase C (PLC) signaling increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration to mediate arterial contraction. To counteract vasoconstrictor-induced contraction, GPCR/PLC signaling can be desensitized by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), with GRK2 playing a predominant role in isolated arterial smooth muscle cells. In this study, we use an array of GRK2 inhibitors to assess their effects on the desensitization of UTP and angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated arterial contractions. The effects of GRK2 inhibitors on the desensitization of UTP- or AngII-stimulated mesenteric third-order arterial contractions, and PLC activity in isolated mesenteric smooth muscle cells (MSMC), were determined using wire myography and Ca2+ imaging, respectively. Applying a stimulation protocol to cause receptor desensitization resulted in reductions in UTP- and AngII-stimulated arterial contractions. Preincubation with the GRK2 inhibitor paroxetine almost completely prevented desensitization of UTP- and attenuated desensitization of AngII-stimulated arterial contractions. In contrast, fluoxetine was ineffective. Preincubation with alternative GRK2 inhibitors (Takeda compound 101 or CCG224063) also attenuated the desensitization of UTP-mediated arterial contractile responses. In isolated MSMC, paroxetine, Takeda compound 101, and CCG224063 also attenuated the desensitization of UTP- and AngII-stimulated increases in Ca2+, whereas fluoxetine did not. In human uterine smooth muscle cells, paroxetine reversed GRK2-mediated histamine H1 receptor desensitization, but not GRK6-mediated oxytocin receptor desensitization. Utilizing various small-molecule GRK2 inhibitors, we confirm that GRK2 plays a central role in regulating vasoconstrictor-mediated arterial tone, highlighting a potentially novel strategy for blood pressure regulation through targeting GRK2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Rainbow
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Sean Brennan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Robert Jackson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Alison J Beech
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Amal Bengreed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Helen V Waldschmidt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - R A John Challiss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Jonathon M Willets
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
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15
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Bian J, Zhang S, Yi M, Yue M, Liu H. The mechanisms behind decreased internalization of angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 103-105:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Tóth AD, Turu G, Hunyady L, Balla A. Novel mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptors functions: AT 1 angiotensin receptor acts as a signaling hub and focal point of receptor cross-talk. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:69-82. [PMID: 29678287 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AT1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R), a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is the main receptor, which mediates the effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). AT1R plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-water homeostasis, and in the development of pathological conditions, such as hypertension, heart failure, cardiovascular remodeling, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Stimulation of AT1R leads to pleiotropic signal transduction pathways generating arrays of complex cellular responses. Growing amount of evidence shows that AT1R is a versatile GPCR, which has multiple unique faces with distinct conformations and signaling properties providing new opportunities for functionally selective pharmacological targeting of the receptor. Biased ligands of AT1R have been developed to selectively activate the β-arrestin pathway, which may have therapeutic benefits compared to the conventional angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. In this review, we provide a summary about the most recent findings and novel aspects of the AT1R function, signaling, regulation, dimerization or oligomerization and its cross-talk with other receptors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, adrenergic receptors and CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Better understanding of the mechanisms and structural aspects of AT1R activation and cross-talk can lead to the development of novel type of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Tóth AD, Prokop S, Gyombolai P, Várnai P, Balla A, Gurevich VV, Hunyady L, Turu G. Heterologous phosphorylation-induced formation of a stability lock permits regulation of inactive receptors by β-arrestins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:876-892. [PMID: 29146594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins are key regulators and signal transducers of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The interaction between receptors and β-arrestins is generally believed to require both receptor activity and phosphorylation by GPCR kinases. In this study, we investigated whether β-arrestins are able to bind second messenger kinase-phosphorylated, but inactive receptors as well. Because heterologous phosphorylation is a common phenomenon among GPCRs, this mode of β-arrestin activation may represent a novel mechanism of signal transduction and receptor cross-talk. Here we demonstrate that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol myristate acetate, Gq/11-coupled GPCR, or epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation promotes β-arrestin2 recruitment to unliganded AT1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R). We found that this interaction depends on the stability lock, a structure responsible for the sustained binding between GPCRs and β-arrestins, formed by phosphorylated serine-threonine clusters in the receptor's C terminus and two conserved phosphate-binding lysines in the β-arrestin2 N-domain. Using improved FlAsH-based serine-threonine clusters β-arrestin2 conformational biosensors, we also show that the stability lock not only stabilizes the receptor-β-arrestin interaction, but also governs the structural rearrangements within β-arrestins. Furthermore, we found that β-arrestin2 binds to PKC-phosphorylated AT1R in a distinct active conformation, which triggers MAPK recruitment and receptor internalization. Our results provide new insights into the activation of β-arrestins and reveal their novel role in receptor cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyombolai
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Péter Várnai
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - András Balla
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - László Hunyady
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, .,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Gábor Turu
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
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18
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Outzen EM, Zaki M, Mehryar R, Abdolalizadeh B, Sajid W, Boonen HCM, Sams A, Sheykhzade M. Lipopolysaccharides, but not Angiotensin ll, lnduces Direct Pro-lnflammatory Effects in Cultured Mouse Arteries and Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:335-347. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M. Outzen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marina Zaki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rahila Mehryar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bahareh Abdolalizadeh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Waseem Sajid
- Department of Diabetes Complications Biology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | - Harrie C. M. Boonen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Diabetes Complications Biology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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19
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Costa G, Garabito M, Jiménez-Altayó F, Onetti Y, Sabate M, Vila E, Dantas AP. Sex differences in angiotensin II responses contribute to a differential regulation of cox-mediated vascular dysfunction during aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 85:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Hunyady L, Gáborik Z, Vauquelin G, Catt KJ. Review: Structural requirements for signalling and regulation of AT1-receptors. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 2:S16-S23. [DOI: 10.1177/14703203010020010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical
School, Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Zsuzsanna Gáborik
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical
School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georges Vauquelin
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Free University of Brussels
(VUB), Sint-Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Catt
- Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, USA
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21
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Alves FL, Oliveira VX, Miranda A. Angiotensin II analogues with N-terminal lactam bridge cyclization: an overview on AT1receptor activation and tachyphylaxis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:677-682. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Lopes Alves
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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22
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Daniels D. Angiotensin II (de)sensitization: Fluid intake studies with implications for cardiovascular control. Physiol Behav 2016; 162:141-6. [PMID: 26801390 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and hypertension is the most common risk factor for death. Although many anti-hypertensive pharmacotherapies are approved for use in the United States, rates of hypertension have increased over the past decade. This review article summarizes a presentation given at the 2015 meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior. The presentation described work performed in our laboratory that uses angiotensin II-induced drinking as a model system to study behavioral and cardiovascular effects of the renin-angiotensin system, a key component of blood pressure regulation, and a common target of anti-hypertensives. Angiotensin II (AngII) is a potent dipsogen, but the drinking response shows a rapid desensitization after repeated injections of AngII. This desensitization appears to be dependent upon the timing of the injections, requires activation of the AngII type 1 (AT1) receptor, requires activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members, and involves the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region as a critical site of action. Moreover, the response does not appear to be the result of a more general suppression of behavior, a sensitized pressor response to AngII, or an aversive state generated by the treatment. More recent studies suggest that the treatment regimen used to produce desensitization in our laboratory also prevents the sensitization that occurs after daily bolus injections of AngII. Our hope is that these findings can be used to support future basic research on the topic that could lead to new developments in treatments for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Daniels
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Karnik SS, Unal H, Kemp JR, Tirupula KC, Eguchi S, Vanderheyden PML, Thomas WG. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIX. Angiotensin Receptors: Interpreters of Pathophysiological Angiotensinergic Stimuli [corrected]. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:754-819. [PMID: 26315714 PMCID: PMC4630565 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states. Nearly half of humanity today would likely benefit from modern drugs targeting these receptors. The receptors for RAS peptides consist of three G-protein-coupled receptors—the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor), the MAS receptor—and a type II trans-membrane zinc protein—the candidate angiotensin IV receptor (AngIV binding site). The prorenin receptor is a relatively new contender for consideration, but is not included here because the role of prorenin receptor as an independent endocrine mediator is presently unclear. The full spectrum of biologic characteristics of these receptors is still evolving, but there is evidence establishing unique roles of each receptor in cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurologic, renal, and endothelial functions, as well as in cell proliferation, survival, matrix-cell interaction, and inflammation. Therapeutic agents targeted to these receptors are either in active use in clinical intervention of major common diseases or under evaluation for repurposing in many other disorders. Broad-spectrum influence these receptors produce in complex pathophysiological context in our body highlights their role as precise interpreters of distinctive angiotensinergic peptide cues. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 15 years on the structure, pharmacology, signaling, physiology, and disease states related to angiotensin receptors. We also discuss the challenges the pharmacologist presently faces in formally accepting newer members as established angiotensin receptors and emphasize necessary future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Jacqueline R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Kalyan C Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
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Casarsa BS, Marinzalda MÁ, Marchese NA, Paz MC, Vivas L, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. A previous history of repeated amphetamine exposure modifies brain angiotensin II AT1 receptor functionality. Neuroscience 2015; 307:1-13. [PMID: 26299338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous results from our laboratory showed that angiotensin II AT1 receptors (AT1-R) are involved in the neuroadaptative changes induced by amphetamine. The aim of the present work was to study functional and neurochemical responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) mediated by AT1-R activation in animals previously exposed to amphetamine. For this purpose male Wistar rats (250-320 g) were treated with amphetamine (2.5mg/kg/day intraperitoneal) or saline for 5 days and implanted with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulae. Seven days after the last amphetamine administration the animals received ANG II (400 pmol) i.c.v. One group was tested in a free choice paradigm for sodium (2% NaCl) and water intake and sacrificed for Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) determinations. In a second group of rats, urine and plasma samples were collected for electrolytes and plasma renin activity determination and then they were sacrificed for Fos-IR determination in Oxytocinergic neurons (Fos-OT-IR). RESULTS Repeated amphetamine exposure (a) prevented the increase in sodium intake and Fos-IR cells in caudate-putamen and accumbens nucleus induced by ANG II i.c.v. (b) potentiated urinary sodium excretion and Fos-OT-IR in hypothalamus and (c) increased the inhibitory response in plasma renin activity, in response to ANG II i.c.v. Our results indicate a possible functional desensitisation of AT1-R in response to ANG II, induced by repeated amphetamine exposure. This functional AT1-R desensitisation allows to unmask the effects of ANG II i.c.v. mediated by oxytocin. We conclude that the long lasting changes in brain AT1-R functionality should be considered among the psychostimulant-induced neuroadaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Casarsa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Á Marinzalda
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N A Marchese
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M C Paz
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Cabana J, Holleran B, Leduc R, Escher E, Guillemette G, Lavigne P. Identification of Distinct Conformations of the Angiotensin-II Type 1 Receptor Associated with the Gq/11 Protein Pathway and the β-Arrestin Pathway Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15835-15854. [PMID: 25934394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased signaling represents the ability of G protein-coupled receptors to engage distinct pathways with various efficacies depending on the ligand used or on mutations in the receptor. The angiotensin-II type 1 (AT1) receptor, a prototypical class A G protein-coupled receptor, can activate various effectors upon stimulation with the endogenous ligand angiotensin-II (AngII), including the Gq/11 protein and β-arrestins. It is believed that the activation of those two pathways can be associated with distinct conformations of the AT1 receptor. To verify this hypothesis, microseconds of molecular dynamics simulations were computed to explore the conformational landscape sampled by the WT-AT1 receptor, the N111G-AT1 receptor (constitutively active and biased for the Gq/11 pathway), and the D74N-AT1 receptor (biased for the β-arrestin1 and -2 pathways) in their apo-forms and in complex with AngII. The molecular dynamics simulations of the AngII-WT-AT1, N111G-AT1, and AngII-N111G-AT1 receptors revealed specific structural rearrangements compared with the initial and ground state of the receptor. Simulations of the D74N-AT1 receptor revealed that the mutation stabilizes the receptor in the initial ground state. The presence of AngII further stabilized the ground state of the D74N-AT1 receptor. The biased agonist [Sar(1),Ile(8)]AngII also showed a preference for the ground state of the WT-AT1 receptor compared with AngII. These results suggest that activation of the Gq/11 pathway is associated with a specific conformational transition stabilized by the agonist, whereas the activation of the β-arrestin pathway is linked to the stabilization of the ground state of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cabana
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4; PROTEO (Quebec Network on Protein Structure, Function, and Engineering), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Brian Holleran
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Richard Leduc
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Emanuel Escher
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Gaétan Guillemette
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Pierre Lavigne
- PROTEO (Quebec Network on Protein Structure, Function, and Engineering), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4.
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Szakadáti G, Tóth AD, Oláh I, Erdélyi LS, Balla T, Várnai P, Hunyady L, Balla A. Investigation of the fate of type I angiotensin receptor after biased activation. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:972-81. [PMID: 25804845 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.097030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased agonism on the type I angiotensin receptor (AT1-R) can achieve different outcomes via activation of G protein-dependent and -independent cellular responses. In this study, we investigated whether the biased activation of AT1-R can lead to different regulation and intracellular processing of the receptor. We analyzed β-arrestin binding, endocytosis, and subsequent trafficking steps, such as early and late phases of recycling of AT1-R in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing wild-type or biased mutant receptors in response to different ligands. We used Renilla luciferase-tagged receptors and yellow fluorescent protein-tagged β-arrestin2, Rab5, Rab7, and Rab11 proteins in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer measurements to follow the fate of the receptor after stimulation. We found that not only is the signaling of the receptor different upon using selective ligands, but the fate within the cells is also determined by the type of the stimulation. β-arrestin binding and the internalization kinetics of the angiotensin II-stimulated AT1-R differed from those stimulated by the biased agonists. Similarly, angiotensin II-stimulated wild-type AT1-R showed differences compared with a biased mutant AT1-R (DRY/AAY AT1-R) with regards to β-arrestin binding and endocytosis. We found that the differences in the internalization kinetics of the receptor in response to biased agonist stimulation are due to the differences in plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate depletion. Moreover, the stability of the β-arrestin binding is a major determinant of the later fate of the internalized AT1-R receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi Szakadáti
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - András D Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - Ilona Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - László Sándor Erdélyi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - Tamas Balla
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (G.S., A.D.T., I.O., L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Semmelweis Egyetem Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (L.S.E., P.V., L.H., A.B.); and Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (T.B.)
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Czikora I, Feher A, Lucas R, Fulton DJR, Bagi Z. Caveolin-1 prevents sustained angiotensin II-induced resistance artery constriction and obesity-induced high blood pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H376-85. [PMID: 25527780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00649.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor (AT1R) undergoes internalization following stimulation by ANG II. Internalization reduces cell surface AT1Rs, and it is required for AT1R resensitization. In this process AT1R may interact with caveolin-1 (Cav1), the main scaffolding protein of caveolae. We hypothesized that the interaction between Cav1 and AT1R delays AT1R resensitization and thereby prevents sustained ANG II-induced resistance artery (RA) constriction under normal conditions and in experimental obesity. In rat and mouse skeletal muscle RA (diameter: ∼90-120 μm) ANG II-induced constrictions were reduced upon repeated (30-min apart) administrations. Upon disruption of caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or in RA of Cav1 knockout mice, repeated ANG II applications resulted in essentially maintained constrictions. In vascular smooth muscle cells, AT1R interacted with Cav1, and the degree of cell surface interactions was reduced by long-term (15-min), but not short-term (2-min), exposure to ANG II. When Cav1 was silenced, the amount of membrane-associated AT1R was significantly reduced by a short-term ANG II exposure. Moreover, Cav1 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited augmented and sustained RA constriction to ANG II and had elevated systemic blood pressure, when compared with normal or high-fat fed wild-type mice. Thus, Cav1, through a direct interaction, delays internalization and subsequent resensitization of AT1R. We suggest that this mechanism prevents sustained ANG II-induced RA constriction and elevated systemic blood pressure in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Czikora
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Attila Feher
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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PAN ZHIGUO, SHAO YU, DONG WENPENG, LIU CHENXI, CHEN YI, JIN HUI, TANG LIQUN, QIU JUNMING, SU LEI. Xuebijing attenuates hypotension through the upregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein 1 in rats suffering from heat stroke. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1699-705. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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29
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Occipital Artery Function during the Development of 2-Kidney, 1-Clip Hypertension in Rats. Int J Vasc Med 2014; 2014:659617. [PMID: 25140254 PMCID: PMC4129976 DOI: 10.1155/2014/659617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the contractile responses elicited by angiotensin II (AII), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in isolated occipital arteries (OAs) from sham-operated (SHAM) and 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. OAs were isolated and bisected into proximal segments (closer to the common carotid artery) and distal segments (closer to the nodose ganglion) and mounted separately on myographs. On day 9, 2K-1C rats had higher mean arterial blood pressures, heart rates, and plasma renin concentrations than SHAM rats. The contractile responses to AII were markedly diminished in both proximal and distal segments of OAs from 2K-1C rats as compared to those from SHAM rats. The responses elicited by AVP were substantially greater in distal than in proximal segments of OAs from SHAM rats and that AVP elicited similar responses in OA segments from 2K-1C rats. The responses elicited by 5-HT were similar in proximal and distal segments from SHAM and 2K-1C rats. These results demonstrate that continued exposure to circulating AII and AVP in 2K-1C rats reduces the contractile efficacy of AII but not AVP or 5-HT. The diminished responsiveness to AII may alter the physiological status of OAs in vivo.
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Zhuo JL, Ferrao FM, Zheng Y, Li XC. New frontiers in the intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin system: a critical review of classical and new paradigms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:166. [PMID: 24273531 PMCID: PMC3822323 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is well-recognized as one of the oldest and most important regulators of arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular, and renal function. New frontiers have recently emerged in the RAS research well beyond its classic paradigm as a potent vasoconstrictor, an aldosterone release stimulator, or a sodium-retaining hormone. First, two new members of the RAS have been uncovered, which include the renin/(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Recent studies suggest that prorenin may act on the PRR independent of the classical ACE/ANG II/AT1 receptor axis, whereas ACE2 may degrade ANG II to generate ANG (1-7), which activates the Mas receptor. Second, there is increasing evidence that ANG II may function as an intracellular peptide to activate intracellular and/or nuclear receptors. Third, currently there is a debate on the relative contribution of systemic versus intrarenal RAS to the physiological regulation of blood pressure and the development of hypertension. The objectives of this article are to review and discuss the new insights and perspectives derived from recent studies using novel transgenic mice that either overexpress or are deficient of one key enzyme, ANG peptide, or receptor of the RAS. This information may help us better understand how ANG II acts, both independently or through interactions with other members of the system, to regulate the kidney function and blood pressure in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia L. Zhuo
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fernanda M. Ferrao
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yun Zheng
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiao C. Li
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Daniels D. Diverse Roles of Angiotensin Receptor Intracellular Signaling Pathways in the Control of Water and Salt Intake. NEUROBIOLOGY OF BODY FLUID HOMEOSTASIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b15544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vamos Z, Cseplo P, Ivic I, Matics R, Hamar J, Koller A. Age Determines the Magnitudes of Angiotensin II-Induced Contractions, mRNA, and Protein Expression of Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors in Rat Carotid Arteries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:519-26. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Castrop H. Angiotensin receptor-associated proteins: local modulators of the renin–angiotensin system. Pflugers Arch 2012; 465:111-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Vento PJ, Daniels D. Mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for the behavioural desensitization that occurs after repeated injections of angiotensin II. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:1305-14. [PMID: 22581747 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.065771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts on central angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptors to increase water and saline intake. Prolonged exposure to Ang II in cell culture models results in a desensitization of the AT(1) receptor that is thought to involve receptor internalization, and a behavioural correlate of this desensitization has been shown in rats after repeated central injections of Ang II. Specifically, rats given repeated injections of Ang II drink less water than control animals after a subsequent test injection of Ang II. In the same conditions, however, repeated injections of Ang II have no effect on Ang II-induced saline intake. Given earlier studies indicating that separate intracellular signalling pathways mediate Ang II-induced water and saline intake, we hypothesized that the desensitization observed in rats may be incomplete, leaving the receptor able to activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK1/2), which play a role in Ang II-induced saline intake without affecting water intake. In support of this hypothesis, we found no difference in MAP kinase phosphorylation after an Ang II test injection in rats given prior treatment with repeated injections of vehicle, Ang II or Sar(1),Ile(4),Ile(8)-Ang II (SII), an Ang II analogue that activates MAP kinase without G protein coupling. In addition, we found that pretreatment with the MAP kinase inhibitor U0126 completely blocked the desensitizing effect of repeated Ang II injections on water intake. Furthermore, Ang II-induced water intake was reduced to a similar extent by repeated injections of Ang II or SII. The results suggest that G protein-independent signalling is sufficient to produce behavioural desensitization of the angiotensin system and that the desensitization requires MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Vento
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260, USA
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Bomberger JM, Parameswaran N, Spielman WS. Regulation of GPCR trafficking by RAMPs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 744:25-37. [PMID: 22434105 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2364-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AM and CGRP receptors undergo differential intracellular receptor trafficking upon ligand stimulation. Intracellular trafficking of CLR/RAMP receptor complexes is regulated by posttranslational modifications and protein-protein interactions that differ for each cell type. Recent evidence is accumulating to suggest that the RAMP isoform in complex with CLR may play a role in determining the intracellular trafficking and fate of ligand-stimulated receptor complexes. In this chapter, we will review the current literature on mechanisms of regulating receptor trafficking and roles that have been demonstrated for RAMPs in this regulation.
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Vento PJ, Myers KP, Daniels D. Investigation into the specificity of angiotensin II-induced behavioral desensitization. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:1076-81. [PMID: 22192708 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a key role in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. The physiological and behavioral effects of central AngII include increased blood pressure and fluid intake. In vitro experiments demonstrate that repeated exposure to AngII reduces the efficacy of subsequent AngII, and behavioral studies indicate that prior icv AngII administration reduces the dipsogenic response to AngII administered later. Specifically, rats given a treatment regimen of three icv injections of a large dose of AngII, each separated by 20 min, drink less water in response to a test injection of AngII than do vehicle-treated controls given the same test injection. The present studies were designed to test three potential explanations for the reduced dipsogenic potency of AngII after repeated administration. To this end, we tested for motor impairment caused by repeated injections of AngII, for a possible role of visceral distress or illness, and for differences in the pressor response to the final test injection of AngII. We found that repeated injections of AngII neither affected drinking stimulated by carbachol nor did they produce a conditioned flavor avoidance. Furthermore, we found no evidence that differences in the pressor response to the final test injection of AngII accounted for the difference in intake. In light of these findings, we are able to reject these three explanations for the observed behavioral desensitization, and, we suggest instead that the mechanism for this phenomenon may be at the level of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Vento
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Bagi Z, Feher A, Cassuto J, Akula K, Labinskyy N, Kaley G, Koller A. Increased availability of angiotensin AT 1 receptors leads to sustained arterial constriction to angiotensin II in diabetes - role for Rho-kinase activation. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1059-68. [PMID: 21385178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antagonists of angiotensin AT(1) receptors elicit beneficial vascular effects in diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that diabetes induces sustained availability of AT(1) receptors, causing enhanced arterial constriction to angiotensin II. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To assess functional availability of AT(1) receptors, constrictions to successive applications of angiotensin II were measured in isolated skeletal muscle resistance arteries (∼150 µm) of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and of their controls (+/Fa), exposed acutely to high glucose concentrations (HG, 25 mM, 1 h). AT(1) receptors on cell membrane surface were measured by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS Angiotensin II-induced constrictions to first applications were greater in arteries of ZDF rats (maximum: 82 ± 3% original diameter) than in those from +/Fa rats (61 ± 5%). Constrictions to repeated angiotensin II administration were decreased in +/Fa arteries (20 ± 6%), but were maintained in ZDF arteries (67 ± 4%) and in +/Fa arteries vessels exposed to HG (65 ± 6%). In ZDF arteries and in HG-exposed +/Fa arteries, Rho-kinase activities were enhanced. The Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y27632 inhibited sustained constrictions to angiotensin II in ZDF arteries and in +/Fa arteries exposed to HG. Levels of surface AT(1) receptors on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were decreased by angiotensin II but were maintained in VSMCs exposed to HG. In VSMCs exposed to HG and treated with Y27632, angiotensin II decreased surface AT(1) receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In diabetes, elevated glucose concentrations activate Rho-kinase which inhibits internalization or facilitates recycling of AT(1) receptors, leading to increased functional availability of AT(1) receptors and sustained angiotensin II-induced arterial constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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38
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Endothelium-derived vasoactive agents, AT1 receptors and inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:187-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary arterial remodeling, abnormal angiogenesis and impaired right ventricular function. Despite progress in pharmacological therapy, there is still no cure for PAH. The peptide apelin and the G-protein coupled apelin receptor (APLNR) are expressed in several tissues throughout the organism. Apelin is localized in vascular endothelial cells while the APLNR is localized in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vessels and in the heart. Apelin is regulated by hypoxia inducible factor -1α and bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2. Patients with PAH have lower levels of plasma-apelin, and decreased apelin expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. Apelin has therefore been proposed as a potential biomarker for PAH. Furthermore, apelin plays a role in angiogenesis and regulates endothelial and smooth muscle cell apoptosis and proliferation complementary and opposite to vascular endothelial growth factor. In the systemic circulation, apelin modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, induces eNOS-dependent vasodilatation, counteracts angiotensin-II mediated vasoconstriction, and has positive inotropic and cardioprotective effects. Apelin attenuates vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arteries, and chronic treatment with apelin attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension in animal models. The existing literature thus renders APLNR an interesting potential new therapeutic target for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Allergology & Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - U. Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Zhuo JL, Li XC. New insights and perspectives on intrarenal renin-angiotensin system: focus on intracrine/intracellular angiotensin II. Peptides 2011; 32:1551-65. [PMID: 21699940 PMCID: PMC3137727 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although renin, the rate-limiting enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), was first discovered by Robert Tigerstedt and Bergman more than a century ago, the research on the RAS still remains stronger than ever. The RAS, once considered to be an endocrine system, is now widely recognized as dual (circulating and local/tissue) or multiple hormonal systems (endocrine, paracrine and intracrine). In addition to the classical renin/angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II receptor (AT₁/AT₂) axis, the prorenin/(Pro)renin receptor (PRR)/MAP kinase axis, the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor axis, and the Ang IV/AT₄/insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) axis have recently been discovered. Furthermore, the roles of the evolving RAS have been extended far beyond blood pressure control, aldosterone synthesis, and body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Indeed, novel actions and underlying signaling mechanisms for each member of the RAS in physiology and diseases are continuously uncovered. However, many challenges still remain in the RAS research field despite of more than one century's research effort. It is expected that the research on the expanded RAS will continue to play a prominent role in cardiovascular, renal and hypertension research. The purpose of this article is to review the progress recently being made in the RAS research, with special emphasis on the local RAS in the kidney and the newly discovered prorenin/PRR/MAP kinase axis, the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor axis, the Ang IV/AT₄/IRAP axis, and intracrine/intracellular Ang II. The improved knowledge of the expanded RAS will help us better understand how the classical renin/ACE/Ang II/AT₁ receptor axis, extracellular and/or intracellular origin, interacts with other novel RAS axes to regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular and kidney function in both physiological and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia L Zhuo
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Dahl TD, Hultström M, Iversen BM, Helle F. Adenosine sensitization after angiotensin II stimulation in afferent arterioles from normal rats does not occur during two-kidney, one-clip hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 201:289-94. [PMID: 20698832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS G protein-coupled receptors such as the AT(1a) R are frequently subject to desensitization, extensively studied in cell culture but to small extent in hypertensive models. Recently, angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced desensitization was shown to last 10 min in isolated afferent arterioles (AAs), suggesting impact on ANG II vasoactivity. In the present study, we explored ANG II desensitization and effects of adenosine (Ado) in AAs from two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Our main hypothesis was that Ado affects ANG II contractility differently in 2K1C, because of persistently elevated levels of ANG II. METHODS Afferent arterioles were isolated with the agarose-infusion/enzyme-treatment technique from normotensive and 2K1C hypertensive rats, and stimulated with ANG II (10(-7) M) at baseline and re-stimulated after 20 or 40 min, with or without Ado (2.5 × 10(-5) M) in the vessel bath. RESULTS Afferent arterioles from normotensive rats re-stimulated with ANG II after 20 min displayed a blunted contraction (Δ12.8 ± 4.3%, P < 0.05), which disappeared when AAs were stimulated after 40 min (Δ2.7 ± 2.3%, NS), indicating that desensitization lasted for 30 ± 10 min. Ado augmented ANG II contractions after 20 min, but not after 40 min, suggesting that only de-sensitized vessels were affected. Similar experiments in AAs from the clipped and non-clipped kidneys revealed no desensitization when re-stimulated with ANG II after 20 and 40 min, and contractions were unaffected by Ado. CONCLUSIONS Reduced duration of desensitization in AAs from 2K1C may cause vessels to be sensitized longer and increase vasoconstriction. The present study demonstrates that Ado does not augment ANG II-induced contractions in AAs from 2K1C as in normotensive rats, possibly because of a reduced period of desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Dahl
- Renal Research Group, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yin H, Li Q, Qian G, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu G, Wang G. Rab1 GTPase regulates phenotypic modulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by mediating the transport of angiotensin II type 1 receptor under hypoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:401-8. [PMID: 21095238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Rab1 is involved in the export of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) to the cell surface in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the modification of Rab1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi body transport alters the cell surface expression and function of endogenous AT1R and AT1R-mediated phenotypic modulation in primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Lentiviral expression of wild-type Rab1 (Rab1WT) significantly increased cell surface expression of endogenous AT1R. However, Rab1 siRNA had the opposite effect, and attenuated downregulation of the expression of PASMCs phenotype markers, α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin (VIM) in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (RPASMCs) during hypoxia. Analysis of the subcellular localization of AT1R revealed that Rab1 regulated AT1R transport from the ER to the Golgi in PASMCs. Consistent with their effects on AT1R export, Rab1 modified the AT1R-mediated cell growth and the phosphorylation of signal transducing activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) during hypoxia. We found that hypoxia promoted Rab1 expression and strongly correlated with the repressed expression of PASMC phenotype markers in RPASMCs. These data strongly indicate that Rab1 modulates PASMCs function by manipulating AT1R traffic from the ER to the Golgi and provide the first evidence implicating ER-to-Golgi transport as a regulatory step for the control of RPASMCs growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Yin
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
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Vento PJ, Daniels D. Repeated administration of angiotensin II reduces its dipsogenic effect without affecting saline intake. Exp Physiol 2010; 95:736-45. [PMID: 20228119 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.052191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts at central type 1 (AT(1)) receptors to increase intake of water and saline. In vitro studies demonstrated rapid desensitization of the AT(1) receptor after Ang II exposure, and behavioural studies in rats suggest that exposure to Ang II decreases the dipsogenic potency of subsequent Ang II. Nevertheless, the effect of repeated Ang II injections on saline intake remains untested, and a reliable protocol for examining this purported behavioural desensitization has not emerged from the literature. To address these issues, we established a reliable approach to study Ang II-induced dipsetic desensitization and used this approach to test the requirement of central AT(1) receptors and the specificity of the effect for water intake. Rats given a treatment regimen of three injections of Ang II (300 ng, intracerebroventricular), each separated by 20 min, drank less water than control rats after a subsequent test injection of Ang II. The effect was relatively short lasting, dependent on the dose and timing of Ang II, and was almost completely blocked by the AT(1) receptor antagonist losartan. In further testing, when rats were given access to both water and 1.5% saline, animals that received an Ang II treatment regimen drank less water than control animals, but saline intake was unaffected. These data support previous suggestions that Ang II-induced water and saline intakes are separable. Given the role of G protein uncoupling in desensitization of the AT(1) receptor, these data are consistent with the emerging hypothesis that AT(1) receptor G protein-dependent intracellular signalling pathways are more relevant for water, but not saline, intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Vento
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Min LJ, Mogi M, Tamura K, Iwanami J, Sakata A, Fujita T, Tsukuda K, Jing F, Iwai M, Horiuchi M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein prevents vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via inactivation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:798-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huynh J, Thomas WG, Aguilar MI, Pattenden LK. Role of helix 8 in G protein-coupled receptors based on structure-function studies on the type 1 angiotensin receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 302:118-27. [PMID: 19418628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors that convert extracellular stimuli to intracellular signals. The type 1 angiotensin II receptor is a widely studied GPCR with roles in blood pressure regulation,water and salt balance and cell growth. The complex molecular and structural changes that underpin receptor activation and signaling are the focus of intense research. Increasingly, there is an appreciation that the plasma membrane participates in receptor function via direct, physical interactions that reciprocally modulate both lipid and receptor and provide microdomains for specialized activities. Reversible protein:lipid interactions are commonly mediated by amphipathic -helices in proteins and one such motif - a short helix, referred to as helix VIII/8 (H8), located at the start of the carboxyl (C)-terminus of GPCRs - is gaining recognition for its importance to GPCR function. Here, we review the identification of H8 in GPCRs and examine its capacity to sense and interact with diverse proteins and lipid environment, most notably with acidic lipids that include phosphatidylinositol phosphates.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Humans
- Lipids/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/chemistry
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- John Huynh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Gwathmey TM, Shaltout HA, Pendergrass KD, Pirro NT, Figueroa JP, Rose JC, Diz DI, Chappell MC. Nuclear angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptors are functionally linked to nitric oxide production. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F1484-93. [PMID: 19244399 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90766.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of nuclear angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors in rat kidney provides further support for the concept of an intracellular renin-angiotensin system. Thus we examined the cellular distribution of renal ANG II receptors in sheep to determine the existence and functional roles of intracellular ANG receptors in higher order species. Receptor binding was performed using the nonselective ANG II antagonist (125)I-[Sar(1),Thr(8)]-ANG II ((125)I-sarthran) with the AT(1) antagonist losartan (LOS) or the AT(2) antagonist PD123319 (PD) in isolated nuclei (NUC) and plasma membrane (PM) fractions obtained by differential centrifugation or density gradient separation. In both fetal and adult sheep kidney, PD competed for the majority of cortical NUC (> or =70%) and PM (> or =80%) sites while LOS competition predominated in medullary NUC (> or =75%) and PM (> or =70%). Immunodetection with an AT(2) antibody revealed a single approximately 42-kDa band in both NUC and PM extracts, suggesting a mature molecular form of the NUC receptor. Autoradiography for receptor subtypes localized AT(2) in the tubulointerstitium, AT(1) in the medulla and vasa recta, and both AT(1) and AT(2) in glomeruli. Loading of NUC with the fluorescent nitric oxide (NO) detector DAF showed increased NO production with ANG II (1 nM), which was abolished by PD and N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, but not LOS. Our studies demonstrate ANG II receptor subtypes are differentially expressed in ovine kidney, while nuclear AT(2) receptors are functionally linked to NO production. These findings provide further evidence of a functional intracellular renin-angiotensin system within the kidney, which may represent a therapeutic target for the regulation of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Gwathmey
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest Univ. School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Dharmani M, Mustafa MR, Achike FI, Sim MK. Involvement of AT(1) angiotensin receptors in the vasomodulatory effect of des-aspartate-angiotensin I in the rat renal vasculature. Peptides 2008; 29:1773-80. [PMID: 18603328 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II is known to act primarily on the angiotensin AT(1) receptors to mediate its physiological and pathological actions. Des-aspartate-angiotensin I (DAA-I) is a bioactive angiotensin peptide and have been shown to have contrasting vascular actions to angiotensin II. Previous work in this laboratory has demonstrated an overwhelming vasodepressor modulation on angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction by DAA-I. The present study investigated the involvement of the AT(1) receptor in the actions of DAA-I on angiotensin II-induced vascular actions in the renal vasculature of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The findings revealed that the angiotensin receptor in rat kidney homogenate was mainly of the AT(1) subtype. The AT(1) receptor density was significantly higher in the kidney of the SHR. The increase in AT(1) receptor density was also confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In contrast, AT(1) receptor density was significantly reduced in the kidney of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Perfusion with 10(-9)M DAA-I reduced the AT(1) receptor density in the kidneys of WKY and SHR rats suggesting that the previously observed vasodepressor modulation of the nonapeptide could be due to down-regulation or internalization of AT(1) receptors. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed no significant changes in the content of AT(1) receptor mRNA and protein. This supports the suggestion that DAA-I causes internalization of AT(1) receptors. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, no significant changes in renal AT(1) receptor density and expression were seen when its kidneys were similarly perfused with DAA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dharmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bagi Z, Erdei N, Koller A. High intraluminal pressure via H2O2 upregulates arteriolar constrictions to angiotensin II by increasing the functional availability of AT1 receptors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H835-41. [PMID: 18567710 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00205.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that high intraluminal pressure leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also upregulates several components of the renin-angiotensin system in the wall of small arteries. We hypothesized that acute exposure of arterioles to high intraluminal pressure in vitro via increasing ROS production enhances the functional availability of type 1 angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors (AT1 receptors), resulting in sustained constrictions. In arterioles ( approximately 180 mum) isolated from rat skeletal muscle, Ang II elicited dose-dependent constrictions, which decreased significantly by the second application [maximum (max.): from 59% +/- 4% to 26% +/- 5% at 10(-8) M; P < 0.05] in the presence of 80 mmHg of intraluminal pressure. In contrast, if the arterioles were exposed to high intraluminal pressure (160 mmHg for 30 min), Ang II-induced constrictions remained substantial on the second application (max.: 51% +/- 3% at 10(-8) M). In the presence of Tiron and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase, known to reduce the level of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), second applications of Ang II evoked similarly reduced constrictions, even after high-pressure exposure (29% +/- 4% at 10(-8) M). Furthermore, when arterioles were exposed to H(2)O(2) (for 30 min, 10(-7) M, at normal 80 mmHg pressure), Ang II-induced constrictions remained substantial on second applications (59% +/- 5% at 10(-8) M). These findings suggest that high pressure, likely via inducing H(2)O(2) production, increases the functional availability of AT1 receptors and thus enhances Ang II-induced arteriolar constrictions. We propose that in hypertension-regardless of etiology-high intraluminal pressure, via oxidative stress, enhances the functional availability of AT1 receptors augmenting Ang II-induced constrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bagi
- Dept. of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Choi H, Leto TL, Hunyady L, Catt KJ, Bae YS, Rhee SG. Mechanism of angiotensin II-induced superoxide production in cells reconstituted with angiotensin type 1 receptor and the components of NADPH oxidase. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:255-267. [PMID: 17981802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide production was investigated with HEK293 or Chinese hamster ovary cells reconstituted with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and NADPH oxidase (either Nox1 or Nox2) along with a pair of adaptor subunits (either NOXO1 with NOXA1 or p47(phox) with p67(phox)). Ang II enhanced the activity of both Nox1 and Nox2 supported by either adaptor pair, with more effective activation of Nox1 in the presence of NOXO1 and NOXA1 and of Nox2 in the presence of p47(phox) and p67(phox). Expression of several AT(1)R mutants showed that interaction of the receptor with G proteins but not that with beta-arrestin or with other proteins (Jak2, phospholipase C-gamma1, SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2) that bind to the COOH-terminal region of AT(1)R, was necessary for Ang II-induced superoxide production. The effects of constitutively active alpha subunits of G proteins and of various pharmacological agents implicated signaling by a pathway comprising AT(1)R, Galpha(q/11), phospholipase C-beta, and protein kinase C as largely, but not exclusively, responsible for Ang II-induced activation of Nox1 and Nox2 in the reconstituted cells. A contribution of Galpha(12/13), phospholipase D, and phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase to Ang II-induced superoxide generation was also suggested, whereas Src and the epidermal growth factor receptor did not appear to participate in this effect of Ang II. In reconstituted cells stimulated with Ang II, Nox2 exhibited a more sensitive response than Nox1 to the perturbation of protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or the small GTPase Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Choi
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Thomas L Leto
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kevin J Catt
- Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Sue Goo Rhee
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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Linder AE, Thakali KM, Thompson JM, Watts SW, Webb RC, Leite R. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Tachyphylactic Contractile Responses in Rat Aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323:78-84. [PMID: 17636007 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tachyphylaxis or desensitization is frequently observed following angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptor activation by angiotensin II. One of the possible mechanisms contributing to receptor desensitization involves receptor internalization. In addition to clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, caveolae, small invaginations in the plasma membrane rich in cholesterol, may also be involved in receptor internalization. After activation, AT1 receptor partially redistributes to lipid-enriched domains. We hypothesize that AT1 receptor internalization via caveolae contributes to the tachyphylactic response observed to angiotensin II. Endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings were exposed to increasing concentrations of angiotensin II or phenylephrine, generating two cumulative concentration-effect curves (CCEC) with a 90-min interval separating each curve (CCEC-I and CCEC-II). CCEC-II was performed in the presence of either vehicle or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD), a drug that depletes cholesterol from the membrane and disassembles caveolae. CCEC-II to angiotensin II, but not to phenylephrine, was blunted in aortic rings treated with vehicle. In the presence of CD, CCEC-II did not differ significantly from CCEC-I for both agonists. CCEC-I to angiotensin II was abolished when in the presence of the AT1 receptor antagonist. The presence of AT1 receptors at the aortic smooth muscle cells' membrane treated with angiotensin II was observed by immunofluorescence only in the presence of CD. In addition, caveolin-1 coimmunoprecipitated with AT1 receptor after agonist stimulation, and this interaction was inhibited by CD. Our data suggest that caveolae are involved in the tachyphylactic contractile response induced by angiotensin II in rat aorta, and this effect is related to receptor internalization.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunoprecipitation
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Tachyphylaxis/physiology
- beta-Cyclodextrins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elizabeth Linder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B-445 Life Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
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