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Karpuz MA, Kale İ, Helvacıoğlu Ç, Muhcu M. Investigation of serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia; a prospective case-control study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2341298. [PMID: 38626005 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2341298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between preeclampsia and maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. The preeclampsia group consisted of 40 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia, and the control group consisted of 40 healthy pregnant women matched with the preeclampsia group in terms of age and body mass index. The two groups were compared in terms of maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. RESULTS Both groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and the gestational week at blood sampling. Maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations were significantly lower in the preeclampsia group than in the control group (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, respectively). The optimal cutoff value for the prediction of preeclampsia in receiver operator curve analysis for apelin-13 was determined as 1781.67 pg/ml with 60% sensitivity and 60% specificity, and 885.5 pg/ml for apelin-36 with 67% sensitivity and 65% specificity. We divided the preeclampsia group into two groups mild and severe and compared the three groups in terms of maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. The lowest apelin-13 concentration was detected in the severe preeclampsia group, while the lowest apelin-36 concentration was detected in the mild preeclampsia group (p = 0.020, p = 0.003, respectively). Considering the onset of the disease, we divided the preeclampsia group into two groups early and late-onset, then compared the three groups in terms of maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. The lowest maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations were detected in the early-onset preeclampsia group (p = 0.016, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION It was determined that serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations were significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnant women, this decrease was more significant in early-onset preeclampsia, and low maternal serum apelin-13 concentration was more associated with the severity of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ali Karpuz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağlar Helvacıoğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Unit, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Kang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Yang Y, Jia Q. MMDB: Multimodal dual-branch model for multi-functional bioactive peptide prediction. Anal Biochem 2024; 690:115491. [PMID: 38460901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides can hinder oxidative processes and microbial spoilage in foodstuffs and play important roles in treating diverse diseases and disorders. While most of the methods focus on single-functional bioactive peptides and have obtained promising prediction performance, it is still a significant challenge to accurately detect complex and diverse functions simultaneously with the quick increase of multi-functional bioactive peptides. In contrast to previous research on multi-functional bioactive peptide prediction based solely on sequence, we propose a novel multimodal dual-branch (MMDB) lightweight deep learning model that designs two different branches to effectively capture the complementary information of peptide sequence and structural properties. Specifically, a multi-scale dilated convolution with Bi-LSTM branch is presented to effectively model the different scales sequence properties of peptides while a multi-layer convolution branch is proposed to capture structural information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effective extraction of peptide sequence features using multi-scale dilated convolution without parameter increase. Multimodal features from both branches are integrated via a fully connected layer for multi-label classification. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our MMDB model exhibits competitive results across metrics, with a 9.1% Coverage increase and 5.3% and 3.5% improvements in Precision and Accuracy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, China.
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Information Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
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3
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Luo D, Bai M, Zhang W, Wang J. The possible mechanism and research progress of ACE2 involved in cardiovascular injury caused by COVID-19: a review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1409723. [PMID: 38863899 PMCID: PMC11165996 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1409723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ACE2 is the earliest receptor discovered to mediate the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the receptor, it also participates in complex pathological and physiological processes, including regulating the RAS system, apelin, KKS system, and immune system. In addition to affecting the respiratory system, viral infections also interact with cardiovascular diseases. SARS-CoV-2 can directly invade the cardiovascular system through ACE2; Similarly, cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease can affect ACE2 levels and exacerbate the disease, and ACE2 dysregulation may also be a potential mechanism for long-term acute sequelae of COVID-19. Since the SARS CoV-2 epidemic, many large population studies have tried to clarify the current focus of debate, that is, whether we should give COVID-19 patients ACEI and ARB drug treatment, but there is still no conclusive conclusion. We also discussed potential disease treatment options for ACE2 at present. Finally, we discussed the researchers' latest findings on ACE2 and their prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Hossein A, Firouzeh G, Zeinab K, Gholamreza D. Quercetin prevents kidney against diabetes mellitus (type 1) in rats by inhibiting TGF-β/apelin gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:677. [PMID: 38796641 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main causes of diabetic nephropathy is oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia. Apelin inhibits insulin secretion. Besides, renal expression of TGF-β is increased in diabetes mellitus (DM). The preventive effect of quercetin (Q) against renal functional disorders and tissue damage developed by DM in rats was assessed. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were grouped into normal control (NC), normal + quercetin (NQ: quercetin, 50 mg/kg/day by gavage), diabetic control (DC: streptozotocin, 65 mg/kg, i.p.), diabetic + quercetin pretreatment (D + Qpre), and diabetic + quercetin post-treatment (D + Qpost). All samples (24-hour urine, plasma, pancreatic, and renal tissues) were obtained at the terminal of the experiment. RESULTS Compared to NC and NQ groups, DM ended in elevated plasma and glucose levels, decreased plasma insulin level, kidney dysfunction, augmented levels of malondialdehyde, decreased level of reduced glutathione, reduced enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, elevated gene expression levels of apelin and TGF-β, also renal and pancreatic histological damages. Quercetin administration diminished entire the changes. However, the measure of improvement in the D + Qpre group was higher than that of the D + Qpost group. CONCLUSION Quercetin prevents renal dysfunction induced by DM, which might be related to the diminution of lipid peroxidation, strengthening of antioxidant systems, and prevention of the apelin/ TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Hossein
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Karimi Zeinab
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daryabor Gholamreza
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Dobrzyn K, Kiezun M, Kopij G, Zarzecka B, Gudelska M, Kisielewska K, Zaobidna E, Makowczenko KG, Dall'Aglio C, Kamiński T, Smolińska N. Apelin-13 modulates the endometrial transcriptome of the domestic pig during implantation. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:501. [PMID: 38773369 PMCID: PMC11106924 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peri-implantation period is a critical time during pregnancy that mostly defines the overall litter size. Most authors agree that the highest percentage of embryo mortality occurs during this time. Despite the brevity of the peri-implantation period, it is the most dynamic part of pregnancy in which the sequential and uninterrupted course of several processes is essential to the animal's reproductive success. Also then, the maternal uterine tissues undergo an intensive remodelling process, and their energy demand dramatically increases. It is believed that apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is involved in the control of female reproductive functions in response to the current metabolic state. The verified herein hypothesis assumed the modulatory effect of apelin on the endometrial tissue transcriptome on days 15 to 16 of gestation (beginning of implantation). RESULTS The analysis of data obtained during RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq2500) of endometrial slices treated and untreated with apelin (n = 4 per group) revealed changes in the expression of 68 genes (39 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated in the presence of apelin), assigned to 240 gene ontology terms. We also revealed changes in the frequency of alternative splicing events (397 cases), as well as single nucleotide variants (1,818 cases) in the presence of the adipokine. The identified genes were associated, among others, with the composition of the extracellular matrix, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate a potential role of apelin in the regulation of uterine tissue remodelling during the peri-implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Dobrzyn
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland.
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Barbara Zarzecka
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Aleja Warszawska 30, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Aleja Warszawska 30, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Karol G Makowczenko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
| | - Cecilia Dall'Aglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Tadeusz Kamiński
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Nina Smolińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
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Ducza L, Gaál B. The Neglected Sibling: NLRP2 Inflammasome in the Nervous System. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1006-1028. [PMID: 38722788 PMCID: PMC11081174 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While classical NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 1 (NLRP1) and NLRP3 inflammasomal proteins have been extensively investigated, the contribution of NLRP2 is still ill-defined in the nervous system. Given the putative significance of NLRP2 in orchestrating neuroinflammation, further inquiry is needed to gain a better understanding of its connectome, hence its specific targeting may hold a promising therapeutic implication. Therefore, bioinformatical approach for extracting information, specifically in the context of neuropathologies, is also undoubtedly preferred. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review study selectively targeting only NLRP2. Increasing, but still fragmentary evidence should encourage researchers to thoroughly investigate this inflammasome in various animal- and human models. Taken together, herein we aimed to review the current literature focusing on the role of NLRP2 inflammasome in the nervous system and more importantly, we provide an algorithm-based protein network of human NLRP2 for elucidating potentially valuable molecular partnerships that can be the beginning of a new discourse and future therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Ducza
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary, Hungary
| | - Botond Gaál
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary, Hungary
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Zhou N, Gong L, Zhang E, Wang X. Exploring exercise-driven exerkines: unraveling the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17267. [PMID: 38699186 PMCID: PMC11064867 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise has many beneficial effects that provide health and metabolic benefits. Signaling molecules are released from organs and tissues in response to exercise stimuli and are widely termed exerkines, which exert influence on a multitude of intricate multi-tissue processes, such as muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, cardiovascular tissue, kidney, and bone. For the metabolic effect, exerkines regulate the metabolic homeostasis of organisms by increasing glucose uptake and improving fat synthesis. For the anti-inflammatory effect, exerkines positively influence various chronic inflammation-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. This review highlights the prospective contribution of exerkines in regulating metabolism, augmenting the anti-inflammatory effects, and providing additional advantages associated with exercise. Moreover, a comprehensive overview and analysis of recent advancements are provided in this review, in addition to predicting future applications used as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target to benefit patients with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- NanoLund Center for NanoScience, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xintang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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8
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Iliev A, Gaydarski L, Kotov G, Landzhov B, Kirkov V, Stanchev S. The vascular footprint in cardiac homeostasis and hypertensive heart disease-A link between apelin receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38618880 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a connection between disturbances of the apelin system and various cardiac pathologies, including hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor is crucial for cardiac homeostasis as a critical molecule in cardiac angiogenesis. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is an essential enzyme producing nitric oxide, a key regulator of vascular tone. The present study aims to shed light upon the complex interactions between these three vital signaling molecules and examine their changes with the progression of hypertensive heart disease. We used two groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats and age-matched Wistar rats as controls. The expression of the apelin receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were assessed immunohistochemically. We used capillary density and cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocytes as quantitative parameters of cardiac hypertrophy. Immunoreactivity of the molecules was more potent in both ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with age-matched controls. However, capillary density was lower in both ventricles of the two age groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with controls, and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocytes was higher in both ventricles of the two age groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with controls, and the difference was statistically significant. Our study suggests a potential link between the apelin receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in cardiac homeostasis and the hypertensive myocardium. Nevertheless, further research is required to better comprehend these interactions and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar Iliev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Gaydarski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kotov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vidin Kirkov
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health "Prof. Dr. Tzekomir Vodenicharov", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stancho Stanchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kaminska B, Kurowicka B, Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Kisielewska K, Gudelska M, Kopij G, Szymanska K, Zarzecka B, Koker O, Zaobidna E, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:353. [PMID: 38275812 PMCID: PMC10812442 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a key endocrine gland in all classes of vertebrates, including mammals. The pituitary gland is an important component of hypothalamus-pituitary-target organ hormonal regulatory axes and forms a functional link between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In response to hypothalamic stimuli, the pituitary gland secretes a number of hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress reactions and environmental adaptation, growth and development, as well as reproductive processes and lactation. In turn, hormones secreted by target organs at the lowest levels of the hormonal regulatory axes regulate the functions of the pituitary gland in the process of hormonal feedback. The pituitary also responds to other peripheral signals, including adipose-tissue-derived factors. These substances are a broad group of peptides known as adipocytokines or adipokines that act as endocrine hormones mainly involved in energy homeostasis. Adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, apelin, chemerin, visfatin, and irisin, are also expressed in the pituitary gland, and they influence the secretory functions of this gland. This review is an overview of the existing knowledge of the relationship between chosen adipose-derived factors and endocrine functions of the pituitary gland, with an emphasis on the pituitary control of reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaminska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Beata Kurowicka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Karolina Szymanska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Barbara Zarzecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Oguzhan Koker
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
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10
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Sato S. Adipo-oncology: adipocyte-derived factors govern engraftment, survival, and progression of metastatic cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38238841 PMCID: PMC10797898 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for metastatic cancers have limited efficacy. Recently, cancer therapies targeting noncancerous cells in tumor microenvironments have shown improved clinical outcomes in patients. However, further advances in our understanding of the metastatic tumor microenvironment are required to improve treatment outcomes. Adipocytes are distributed throughout the body, and as a part of the metastatic tumor microenvironment, they interact with cancer cells in almost all organs. Adipocytes secrete various factors that are reported to exert clinical effects on cancer progression, including engraftment, survival, and expansion at the metastatic sites. However, only a few studies have comprehensively examined their impact on cancer cells. In this review, we examined the impact of adipocytes on cancer by describing the adipocyte-secreted factors that are involved in controlling metastatic cancer, focusing on adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, chemerin, resistin, apelin, and omentin. Adipocyte-secreted factors promote cancer metastasis and contribute to various biological functions of cancer cells, including migration, invasion, proliferation, immune evasion, and drug resistance at the metastatic sites. We propose the establishment and expansion of "adipo-oncology" as a research field to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the role of adipocytes in metastatic cancers and the development of more robust metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
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Luna-Hernández A, García-Juárez M, Palafox-Moreno J, Téllez-Angulo B, Domínguez-Ordóñez R, Pfaus JG, González-Flores O. Participation of the nitric oxide pathway in lordosis induced by apelin-13 in female rats. Horm Behav 2023; 156:105449. [PMID: 37922678 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the participation of the nitric oxide pathway in facilitating lordosis behavior induced by intrahypothalamic administration of apelin-13 in ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol benzoate (EB). The experiments involved the administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) or a nitric oxide-dependent, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ), and an inhibitor of protein kinase G (KT5823) to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of EB-primed rats 30 min before infusion of apelin-13 (0.75 μg/μl). This dose of apelin-13 consistently induces lordosis behavior at 30 min, 120 min, and 240 min following infusion. Results showed that injections of either L-NAME or KT5823 significantly reduced the lordosis induced by apelin at 120 and 240 min. However, VMH infusion of ODQ 30 min before apelin-13 infusion reduced but did not significantly inhibit, the lordosis elicited by this peptide at the same time points. We conclude that the nitric oxide pathway in the VMH plays an important role in lordosis induced by apelin-13 in EB-primed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Luna-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Marcos García-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Palafox-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Berenice Téllez-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Domínguez-Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - James G Pfaus
- Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Czech National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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12
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Pisarenko OI, Studneva IM. Apelin C-Terminal Fragments: Biological Properties and Therapeutic Potential. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1874-1889. [PMID: 38105205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Creation of bioactive molecules for treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on natural peptides is the focus of intensive experimental research. In the recent years, it has been established that C-terminal fragments of apelin, an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, reduce metabolic and functional disorders in experimental heart damage. The review presents literature data and generalized results of our own experiments on the effect of apelin-13, [Pyr]apelin-13, apelin-12, and their chemically modified analogues on the heart under normal and pathophysiological conditions in vitro and in vivo. It has been shown that the spectrum of action of apelin peptides on the damaged myocardium includes decrease in the death of cardiomyocytes from necrosis, reduction of damage to cardiomyocyte membranes, improvement in myocardial metabolic state, and decrease in formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. The mechanisms of protective action of these peptides associated with activation of the APJ receptor and manifestation of antioxidant properties are discussed. The data presented in the review show promise of the molecular design of APJ receptor peptide agonists, which can serve as the basis for the development of cardioprotectors that affect the processes of free radical oxidation and metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Pisarenko
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Irina M Studneva
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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13
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Yang Y, Wang X, Wang P. Signaling mechanisms underlying lymphatic vessel dysfunction in skin aging and possible anti-aging strategies. Biogerontology 2023; 24:727-740. [PMID: 36680698 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related skin diseases are gradually increasing due to the imbalance of cutaneous homeostasis in the aging population. Skin aging-induced inflammation promotes systemic inflammation and may lead to whole-body aging. Lymphatic vessels play an important role in maintaining fluid and homeostasis balance. In intrinsically aged skin, the number of lymphatic vessels decrease and their functions decline, which is related to the reduced adhesion junctions between lymphatic endothelial cells, particularly VE-cadherin. VEGFC/VEGFR-3 signal pathway plays an important role in remodeling and expansion of lymphatic vessels; the downregulation of this pathway contributes to the dysfunction of lymphatic vessels. Meanwhile, we proposed some additional mechanisms. Decline of the pumping activity of lymphatic vessels might be related to age-related changes in extracellular matrix, ROS increase, and eNOS/iNOS disturbances. In extrinsically aged skin, the hyperpermeability of lymphatic vessels results from a decrease in endothelial-specific tight junction molecules, upregulation of VEGF-A, and downregulation of the VEGFC/VEGFR-3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, some of the Phyto therapeutics could attenuate skin aging by modulating the lymphatic vessels. This review summarized the lymphatic vessel dysfunction in skin aging and anti-aging strategies based on lymphatic vessel modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Gao S, Chen H. Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115268. [PMID: 37562237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin and Elabela (Ela) are peptides encoded by APLN and APELA, respectively, which act on their receptor APJ and play crucial roles in the body. Recent research has shown that they not only have important effects on the endocrine system, but also promote vascular development and maintain the homeostasis of myocardial cells. From a molecular biology perspective, we explored the roles of Ela and apelin in the cardiovascular system and summarized the mechanisms of apelin-APJ signaling in the progression of myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, and congenital heart disease. Evidences indicated that apelin and Ela play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, and there are many studies focused on developing apelin, Ela, and their analogues for clinical treatments. However, the literature on the therapeutic potential of apelin, Ela and their analogues and other APJ agonists in the cardiovascular system is still limited. This review summarized the regulatory pathways of apelin/ELA-APJ axis in cardiovascular function and cardiovascular-related diseases, and the therapeutic effects of their analogues in cardiovascular diseases were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Gao
- Department of Histology and embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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Safikhani A, Zendehdel M, Khodadadi M, Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Mahdavi K. Hypophagia induced by intracerebroventricular injection of apelin-13 is mediated via CRF1/CRF2 and MC3/MC4 receptors in neonatal broiler chicken. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114536. [PMID: 37295613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the role of apelin and its receptors in the regulation of food intake. In the present study, we investigate the mediating role of melanocortin, corticotropin, and neuropeptide Y systems in apelin-13- induced food intake in broilers. Eight trials were run in the current investigation to ascertain the relationships between the aforementioned systems and apelin-13 on food intake and behavioral changes after apelin-13 administration. In experiment 1, hens were given an intracerebroventricular administration of a solution for control in addition to apelin-13 (0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg). Astressin-B (a CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist, 30 µg), apelin-13 (1 µg), and administration of astressin-B and apelin-13 concurrently, were all injected into the birds in experiment 2. Experiments 3 through 8 were quite similar to experiment 2, with the exception of astressin2-B (CRF2 receptor antagonist, 30 µg), SHU9119 (MC3/MC4 receptor antagonist, 0.5 nmol), MCL0020 (MC4 receptor antagonist, 0.5 nmol), BIBP-3226 (NPY1 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), BIIE 0246 (NPY2 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), and CGP71683A (NPY5 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol) were injected instead of astressin-B. After then, total food consumption was monitored for 6 h. Apelin-13 injections of 0.5 and 1 µg decreased feeding (P < 0.05). The hypophagic effects of apelin were attenuated following the simultaneous administration of Astressin-B and Astressin2-B with apelin-13 (P > 0.05). Co-infusion of SHU9119 and apelin-13 reduced the appetite-decreasing effects of apelin-13 (P > 0.05). When MCL0020 and apelin-13 were injected at the same time, the hypophagia that apelin-13 induced was eliminated (P > 0.05). BIBP-3226, BIIE 0246, and CGP71683A had no effect on the hypophagia brought on by apelin-13 (P > 0.05). Also, apelin-13 significantly increased number of steps, jumps, exploratory food, pecks and standing time while decreased siting time (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that apelin-13-induced hypophagia in hens may involve the CRF1/CRF2 and MC3/MC4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Safikhani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Mahdavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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Winkle P, Goldsmith S, Koren MJ, Lepage S, Hellawell J, Trivedi A, Tsirtsonis K, Abbasi SA, Kaufman A, Troughton R, Voors A, Hulot JS, Donal E, Kazemi N, Neutel J. A First-in-Human Study of AMG 986, a Novel Apelin Receptor Agonist, in Healthy Subjects and Heart Failure Patients. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:743-755. [PMID: 35460392 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AMG 986 is a novel apelin receptor (APJ) agonist that improves cardiac contractility in animal models without adversely impacting hemodynamics. This phase 1b study evaluated the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of AMG 986 in healthy subjects and patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Healthy adults (Parts A/B) and HF patients (Part C) aged 18-85 years were randomized 3:1 to single-dose oral/IV AMG 986 or placebo (Part A); multiple-dose oral/IV AMG 986 or placebo (Part B); or escalating-dose oral AMG 986 or placebo (Part C). PRIMARY ENDPOINT treatment-emergent adverse events, laboratory values/vital signs/ECGs; others included AMG 986 pharmacokinetics, left ventricular (LV) function. RESULTS Overall, 182 subjects were randomized (AMG 986/healthy: n = 116, placebo, n = 38; AMG 986/HF: n = 20, placebo, n = 8). AMG 986 had acceptable safety profile; no clinically significant dose-related impact on safety parameters up to 650 mg/day was observed. AMG 986 exposures increased nonlinearly with increasing doses; minimal accumulation was observed. In HF with reduced ejection fraction patients, there were numerical increases in percent changes from baseline in LV ejection fraction and stroke volume by volumetric assessment with AMG 986 vs placebo (stroke volume increase not recapitulated by Doppler). CONCLUSIONS In healthy subjects and HF patients, short-term AMG 986 treatment was well tolerated. Consistent with this observation, clinically meaningful pharmacodynamic effects in HF patients were not observed. Changes in ejection fraction and stroke volume in HF patients suggest additional studies may be needed to better define the clinical utility and optimal dosing for this molecule. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03276728. DATE OF REGISTRATION September 8, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Winkle
- Anaheim Clinical Trials, 2441 W La Palma Ave, Anaheim, CA, 92801, USA
| | - Steven Goldsmith
- Hennepin Healthcare and the University of Minnesota, 715 S 8 St, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Michael J Koren
- Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research, 4085 University Blvd S #1, Jacksonville, FL, 32216, USA
| | - Serge Lepage
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Ashit Trivedi
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Kate Tsirtsonis
- Amgen Limited, 1 Uxbridge Business Park, Sanderson Rd, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
| | | | - Allegra Kaufman
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Richard Troughton
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Adriaan Voors
- Department of Cardiology (AB31), University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sebastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, F-75006, Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Universitaire Rennes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux 35033, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Navid Kazemi
- Palm Research Center, Inc., 9280 W Sunset Rd, Suite 306, Las Vegas, NV, 89148, USA
| | - Joel Neutel
- Orange County Research Center, 14351 Myford Rd, Suite B, Tustin, CA, 92780, USA
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17
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Mehri K, Hamidian G, Zavvari Oskuye Z, Nayebirad S, Farajdokht F. The role of apelinergic system in metabolism and reproductive system in normal and pathological conditions: an overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193150. [PMID: 37424869 PMCID: PMC10324965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes have made metabolic disorders as one of the major threats to life. Growing evidence demonstrates that obesity and diabetes disrupt the reproductive system by affecting the gonads and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Apelin, an adipocytokine, and its receptor (APJ) are broadly expressed in the hypothalamus nuclei, such as paraventricular and supraoptic, where gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released, and all three lobes of the pituitary, indicating that apelin is involved in the control of reproductive function. Moreover, apelin affects food intake, insulin sensitivity, fluid homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolisms. This review outlined the physiological effects of the apelinergic system, the relationship between apelin and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, as well as the effect of apelin on the reproductive system in both gender. The apelin-APJ system can be considered a potential therapeutic target in the management of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Mehri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepehr Nayebirad
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Gemici B, Birsen İ, İzgüt-Uysal VN. The Apelin-Apela Receptor APJ is Necessary for Formation and Healing of Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Peptides 2023; 166:171027. [PMID: 37245722 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The apelinergic system, widely expressed and regulates hormone-enzyme secretion, motility, and protective mechanisms of the stomach. This system consists of the apelin receptor (APJ) and two peptides known as apela and apelin. The IR-induced experimental gastric ulcer model, is a well-known and commonly used one that induces hypoxia and causes the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Expressions of apelin and its receptor APJ are induced by hypoxia and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Apelin has been shown to affect angiogenesis positively, considered the most critical component of the healing process. Although it is known that apelin and AJP expressions are induced by inflammatory stimuli and hypoxia, stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and have a role in regenerative angiogenesis, no information or has been found in the literature regarding the role of APJ in the formation and healing of gastric mucosal lesions induced by I/R. So, we conducted a study to clarify the role of APJ in formation and healing mechanisms of IR-induced gastric lesions. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; control, sham-operated, IR, APJ antagonist treated-IR group (F13A+IR), and the healing groups. F13A was intravenously given to the animals. Gastric lesion index, mucosal blood flow, PGE2, NOx, 4-HNE-MDA, HO activity, and protein expressions of VEGF and HO-1 were measured. F13A application before the IR increased the mucosal injury, F13A application following the ischemia delayed the mucosal healing during the reperfusion period. Consequently, blocking apelin receptors may worsen gastric injury due to the IR and delay mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gemici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Birsen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - V Nimet İzgüt-Uysal
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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19
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Yao F, Niloy SI, Shen Y, Zhang Q, O'Rourke ST, Sun C. Intravenous administration of apeling-13 induces a depressor response by releasing an unidentified substance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:202-207. [PMID: 37167808 PMCID: PMC10250002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Apelin and APJ receptor play an important role in the regulating cardiovascular function; however, conflicting results have been reported regarding the effect of apelin on cardiovascular regulation. In this study, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by femoral arterial catheterization; and cardiac contractility was recorded by left ventricular catheterization through the right carotid artery in rats before and after intravenous administration of [pyr1]-apelin-13. The results show that intravenous administration of apelin-13 caused a dramatic reduction in BP but did not significantly alter heart rate and contractility. To study the mechanism of the apelin-induced depressor response, isometric tension was measured in isolated mesenteric arteries using a myograph approach. Surprisingly, treatment of the arteries with [pyr1]-apelin-13 did not cause relaxation of mesenteric arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine; however, treatment with plasma collected from rats that received intravenous administration of [pyr1]-apelin-13 caused pronounced relaxation of isolated arteries. Incubation with the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, ODQ, blocked NO-induced relaxation, but did not significantly alter the relaxation response to the plasma from apelin-treated rats. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that intravenous injection of apelin causes a significant depressor response that is mediated by a NO-independent mechanism involving an unidentified substance released into the bloodstream leading to vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Sayeman Islam Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA.
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Pécheux O, Correia-Branco A, Cohen M, Martinez de Tejada B. The Apelinergic System in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098014. [PMID: 37175743 PMCID: PMC10178735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system is a highly conserved pleiotropic system. It comprises the apelin receptor apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) and its two peptide ligands, Elabela/Toddler (ELA) and apelin, which have different spatiotemporal localizations. This system has been implicated in the regulation of the adipoinsular axis, in cardiovascular and central nervous systems, in carcinogenesis, and in pregnancy in humans. During pregnancy, the apelinergic system is essential for embryo cardiogenesis and vasculogenesis and for placental development and function. It may also play a role in the initiation of labor. The apelinergic system seems to be involved in the development of placenta-related pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction, but an improvement in PE-like symptoms and birth weight has been described in murine models after the exogenous administration of apelin or ELA. Although the expression of ELA, apelin, and APJ is altered in human PE placenta, data related to their circulating levels are inconsistent. This article reviews current knowledge about the roles of the apelinergic system in pregnancy and its pathophysiological roles in placenta-related complications in pregnancy. We also discuss the challenges in translating the actors of the apelinergic system into a marker or target for therapeutic interventions in obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Pécheux
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoῆa Martinez de Tejada
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Javier Cano-Martínez L, De Los Santos S, Mauricio Coral-Vázquez R, Pablo Méndez J, Trejo S, Roque-Ramírez B, Carlos Pérez-Razo J, Canto P. Variations in protein levels of the apelinergic system in adipose tissue of hypertensive individuals with class 3 obesity. Gene X 2023; 854:147107. [PMID: 36513190 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of apelin (APLN) and its receptor (APLNR) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and its effect on the downstream expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in individuals with class 3 obesity, with or without hypertension. Seventy-five unrelated individuals presenting obesity class 3 with or without hypertension were included. Gene expression of APLN, and APLNR were analyzed in VAT, by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The APLN, APLNR and eNOS (total and phosphorylated) levels in VAT were evaluated by Western blot. Analysis of differences between groups of APLN, APLNR and eNOS were performed by a logistic regression adjusting by confounding factors. Forty-five individuals with hypertension formed the case group, and 30 individuals constituted the control group. The APLN mRNA and protein levels were higher in the group of individuals with hypertension versus individuals without hypertension (p = 0.027 and p = 0.036, respectively). Meanwhile, APLNR mRNA and protein levels in subjects with hypertension were lower versus the group of subjects without hypertension (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). Further, the group with hypertension presented a lower level of phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177, compared to the control group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, individuals with class 3 obesity and hypertension present a modified APLN/APLNR expression in visceral adipose tissue, which could be secondary to reduced eNOS phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Javier Cano-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio De Los Santos
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México; Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvia Trejo
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades Metabólicas. Hospital General "Dr. Rubén Leñero", CDMX, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bladimir Roque-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica CDMX, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Carlos Pérez-Razo
- División de Medicina Genómica, Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México.
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23
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Is the anti-aging effect of ACE2 due to its role in the renin-angiotensin system?-Findings from a comparison of the aging phenotypes of ACE2-deficient, Tsukuba hypertensive, and Mas-deficient mice. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1210-1220. [PMID: 36788301 PMCID: PMC9925940 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) functions as an enzyme that produces angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7) from angiotensin II (AII) in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We evaluated aging phenotypes, especially skeletal muscle aging, in ACE2 systemically deficient (ACE2 KO) mice and found that ACE2 has an antiaging function. The characteristic aging phenotype observed in ACE2 KO mice was not reproduced in mice deficient in the A1-7 receptor Mas or in Tsukuba hypertensive mice, a model of chronic AII overproduction, suggesting that ACE2 has a RAS-independent antiaging function. In this review, the results we have obtained and related studies on the aging regulatory mechanism mediated by RAS components will be presented and summarized. We evaluated the aging phenotype of ACE2 systemically deficient (ACE2 KO) mice, particularly skeletal muscle aging, and found that ACE2 has an antiaging function. The characteristic aging phenotype observed in ACE2 KO mice was not reproduced in Mas KO mice, angiotensin 1-7 receptor-deficient mice or in Tsukuba hypertensive mice, a model of chronic angiotensin II overproduction, suggesting that the antiaging functions of ACE2 are independent of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
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24
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Théroux L, Van Den Hauwe R, Trân K, Fournier J, Desgagné M, Meneboo N, Lavallée A, Fröhlich U, Côté J, Hollanders C, Longpré JM, Murza A, Marsault E, Sarret P, Boudreault PL, Ballet S. Signaling Modulation via Minimal C-Terminal Modifications of Apelin-13. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:290-305. [PMID: 36798478 PMCID: PMC9926529 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is involved in many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer, which has made it an attractive target for drug discovery. Herein, we explore the penultimate and final sequence positions of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 (Ape13) via C-terminal N α-alkylated amide bonds and the introduction of positive charges, potentially targeting the allosteric sodium pocket, by assessing the binding affinity and signaling profiles at the apelin receptor (APJ). Synthetic analogues modified within this segment of Ape13 showed high affinity (K i 0.12-0.17 nM vs Ape13 K i 0.7 nM), potent Gαi1 activation (EC50 Gαi1 0.4-0.9 nM vs Ape13 EC50 1.1 nM), partial agonist behavior disfavoring β-arrestin 2 recruitment for positively charged ligands (e.g., 49 (SBL-AP-058), EC50 β-arr2 275 nM, E max 54%) and high plasma stability for N-alkyl ligands (t 1/2 > 7 h vs Ape13 t 1/2 0.5 h). Combining the benefits of the N α-alkylated amide bond with the guanidino substitution in a constrained ligand led to 63 (SBL-AP-049), which displayed increased plasma stability (t 1/2 5.3 h) and strong reduction of β-arrestin 2 signaling with partial maximal efficacy (EC50 β-arr 864 nM, E max 48%), significantly reducing the hypotensive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Théroux
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Robin Van Den Hauwe
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kien Trân
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Justin Fournier
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathan Meneboo
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexis Lavallée
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Fröhlich
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Charlie Hollanders
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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MiRNA-30d and miR-770-5p as potential clinical risk predictors of Vasoplegic Syndrome in Patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2084. [PMID: 36747073 PMCID: PMC9902624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to perform pre-surgery miRNA profiling of patients who develop Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and identify those miRNAs that could be used as VS prognostic tools and biomarkers. The levels of 754 microRNAs (miRNAs) were measured in whole blood samples from a cohort of patients collected right before the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We compared the miRNA levels of those who developed VS (VASO group) with those who did not (NONVASO group) after surgery. Six miRNAs (hsa-miR-548c-3p, -199b-5p, -383-5p -571 -183-3p, -30d-5p) were increased and two (hsa-1236-3p, and hsa-miR770-5p) were decreased in blood of VASO compared to NONVASO groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a combination of the miRNAs, hsa-miR-30d-5p and hsa-miR-770-5p can be used as VS predictors (AUC = 0.9615, p < 0.0001). The computational and functional analyses were performed to gain insights into the potential role of these dysregulated miRNAs in VS and have identified the "Apelin Liver Signaling Pathway" as the canonical pathway containing the most target genes regulated by these miRNAs. The expression of the combined miRNAs hsa-miR-30d and hsa-miR-770-5p allowed the ability to distinguish between patients who could and could not develop VS, representing a potential predictive biomarker of VS.
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26
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Enoki Y, Nagai T, Hamamura Y, Osa S, Nakamura H, Taguchi K, Watanabe H, Maruyama T, Matsumoto K. The G protein-coupled receptor ligand apelin-13 ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy induced by chronic kidney disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:553-564. [PMID: 36562292 PMCID: PMC9891924 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting of the apelin-apelin receptor (Apj) system may serve as a useful therapeutic intervention for the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. We investigated the roles and efficacy of the apelin-Apj system in CKD-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. METHODS The 5/6-nephrectomized mice were used as CKD models. AST-120, a charcoal adsorbent of uraemic toxins (8 w/w% in diet), or apelin (1 μmol/kg) was administered to CKD mice to investigate the mechanism and therapeutic potential of apelin on CKD-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. The effect of indoxyl sulfate, a uraemic toxin, or apelin on skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated using mouse myoblast cells (C2C12 cells) in vitro. RESULTS Skeletal muscle atrophy developed over time following nephrectomy at 12 weeks, as confirmed by a significant increase of atrogin-1 and myostatin mRNA expression in the gastrocnemius (GA) muscle and a decrease of lower limb skeletal muscle weight (P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Apelin expression in GA muscle was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and elabela, another Apj endogenous ligand, tended to show a non-significant decrease at 12 weeks after nephrectomy. Administration of AST-120 inhibited the decline of muscle weight and increase of atrogin-1 and myostatin expression. Apelin and elabela expression was slightly improved by AST-120 administration but Apj expression was not, suggesting the involvement of uraemic toxins in endogenous Apj ligand expression. The administration of apelin at 1.0 μmol/kg for 4 weeks to CKD mice suppressed the increase of atrogin-1 and myostatin, increased apelin and Apj mRNA expression at 30 min after apelin administration and significantly ameliorated weight loss and a decrease of the cross-sectional area of hindlimb skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time the association of the Apj endogenous ligand-uraemic toxin axis with skeletal muscle atrophy in CKD and the utility of therapeutic targeting of the apelin-Apj system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Enoki
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nagai
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuna Hamamura
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumika Osa
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumoto
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Murali S, Aradhyam GK. Structure-function relationship and physiological role of apelin and its G protein coupled receptor. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:127-143. [PMID: 36919024 PMCID: PMC9995629 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJR) is a class A peptide (apelin) binding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure, cardiac output, and maintenance of fluid homeostasis. It is activated by a wide range of endogenous peptide isoforms of apelin and elabela. The apelin peptide isoforms contain distinct structural features that aid in ligand recognition and activation of the receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis and structure-based studies have revealed the involvement of extracellular and transmembrane regions of the receptor in binding to the peptide isoforms. The structural features of APJR activation of the receptor as well as mediating G-protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling are delineated by multiple mutagenesis studies. There is increasing evidence that the structural requirements of APJR to activate G-proteins and β-arrestins are different, leading to biased signaling. APJR also responds to mechanical stimuli in a ligand-independent manner. A multitude of studies has focused on developing both peptide and non-peptide agonists and antagonists specific to APJR. Apelin/elabela-activated APJR orchestrates major signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and p70S. This review focuses on the structural and functional characteristics of apelin, elabela, APJR, and their interactions involved in the binding and activation of the downstream signaling cascade. We also focus on the diverse signaling profile of APJR and its ligands and their involvement in various physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Murali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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28
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Epidemiological, mechanistic, and practical bases for assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle status in adults in healthcare settings. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:945-964. [PMID: 36683091 PMCID: PMC10119074 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Given their importance in predicting clinical outcomes, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle status can be considered new vital signs. However, they are not routinely evaluated in healthcare settings. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the epidemiological, mechanistic, and practical bases of the evaluation of CRF and muscle status in adults in primary healthcare settings. We highlight the importance of CRF and muscle status as predictors of morbidity and mortality, focusing on their association with cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. Notably, adults in the best quartile of CRF and muscle status have as low as one-fourth the risk of developing some of the most common chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases than those in the poorest quartile. The physiological mechanisms that underlie these epidemiological associations are addressed. These mechanisms include the fact that both CRF and muscle status reflect an integrative response to the body function. Indeed, muscle plays an active role in the development of many diseases by regulating the body's metabolic rate and releasing myokines, which modulate metabolic and cardiovascular functions. We also go over the most relevant techniques for assessing peak oxygen uptake as a surrogate of CRF and muscle strength, mass, and quality as surrogates of muscle status in adults. Finally, a clinical case of a middle-aged adult is discussed to integrate and summarize the practical aspects of the information presented throughout. Their clinical importance, the ease with which we can assess CRF and muscle status using affordable techniques, and the availability of reference values, justify their routine evaluation in adults across primary healthcare settings.
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29
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Williams TL, Macrae RGC, Kuc RE, Brown AJH, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Expanding the apelin receptor pharmacological toolbox using novel fluorescent ligands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139121. [PMID: 36967803 PMCID: PMC10034064 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apelin receptor binds two distinct endogenous peptides, apelin and ELA, which act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate the human cardiovascular system. As a class A GPCR, targeting the apelin receptor is an attractive therapeutic strategy. With improvements in imaging techniques, and the stability and brightness of dyes, fluorescent ligands are becoming increasingly useful in studying protein targets. Here, we describe the design and validation of four novel fluorescent ligands; two based on [Pyr1]apelin-13 (apelin488 and apelin647), and two based on ELA-14 (ELA488 and ELA647). METHODS Fluorescent ligands were pharmacologically assessed using radioligand and functional in vitro assays. Apelin647 was validated in high content imaging and internalisation studies, and in a clinically relevant human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte model. Apelin488 and ELA488 were used to visualise apelin receptor binding in human renal tissue. RESULTS All four fluorescent ligands retained the ability to bind and activate the apelin receptor and, crucially, triggered receptor internalisation. In high content imaging studies, apelin647 bound specifically to CHO-K1 cells stably expressing apelin receptor, providing proof-of-principle for a platform that could screen novel hits targeting this GPCR. The ligand also bound specifically to endogenous apelin receptor in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Apelin488 and ELA488 bound specifically to apelin receptor, localising to blood vessels and tubules of the renal cortex. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that the described novel fluorescent ligands expand the pharmacological toolbox for studying the apelin receptor across multiple platforms to facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Williams
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn G. C. Macrae
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoda E. Kuc
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet J. Maguire
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Davenport
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anthony P. Davenport,
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30
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Russell TM, Richardson DR. The good Samaritan glutathione-S-transferase P1: An evolving relationship in nitric oxide metabolism mediated by the direct interactions between multiple effector molecules. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102568. [PMID: 36563536 PMCID: PMC9800640 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification isozymes that conjugate glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotics and also suppress redox stress. It was suggested that GSTs have evolved not to enhance their GSH affinity, but to better interact with and metabolize cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO). The interactions between NO and GSTs involve their ability to bind and store NO as dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes (DNICs) within cells. Additionally, the association of GSTP1 with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) results in its inhibition. The function of NO in vasodilation together with studies associating GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotypes with preeclampsia, additionally suggests an intriguing connection between NO and GSTs. Furthermore, suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity occurs upon increased levels of GSTP1 or NO that decreases transcription of JNK target genes such as c-Jun and c-Fos, which inhibit apoptosis. This latter effect is mediated by the direct association of GSTs with MAPK proteins. GSTP1 can also inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling through its interactions with IKKβ and Iκα, resulting in decreased iNOS expression and the stimulation of apoptosis. It can be suggested that the inhibitory activity of GSTP1 within the JNK and NF-κB pathways may be involved in crosstalk between survival and apoptosis pathways and modulating NO-mediated ROS generation. These studies highlight an innovative role of GSTs in NO metabolism through their interaction with multiple effector proteins, with GSTP1 functioning as a "good Samaritan" within each pathway to promote favorable cellular conditions and NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Russell
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia,Corresponding author. Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Anto S, Sathish V, Sun C, O'Rourke ST. Apelin-Induced Relaxation of Coronary Arteries Is Impaired in a Model of Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:842-851. [PMID: 35976142 PMCID: PMC9729429 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Apelin, an endogenous ligand for APJ receptors, causes nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries. Little is known about the effects of apelin/APJ receptor signaling in the coronary circulation under pathological conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the vasorelaxing effect of apelin is impaired by cigarette smoke extract (CSE), an established model for second-hand smoke exposure. Isolated rat coronary arteries were treated with 2% CSE for 4 hours. Apelin-induced relaxation of coronary arteries was abolished by CSE exposure, while relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) (endothelium-dependent relaxation) and to diethyl amine NONOate (NO donor) were similar in control and CSE-treated arteries. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that apelin increased eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation under control conditions but had no effect after exposure to CSE. Moreover, GRK2 expression was increased in CSE-exposed coronary endothelial cells. Pretreatment with CMPD101, a GRK2 inhibitor, improved the relaxation response to apelin in CSE-exposed coronary arteries. CSE treatment failed to inhibit relaxations evoked by CMF-019, an APJ receptor biased agonist that has little effect on GRK2. In arteries exposed to CSE, apelin impaired the response to ACh but not to diethyl amine NONOate. ACh-induced relaxation was unaffected by CMF-019 in either control or CSE-treated coronary arteries. The results suggest that APJ receptor signaling using the GRK2 pathway contributes to both loss of relaxation to apelin itself and the ability of apelin to inhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh in CSE-exposed coronary arteries, likely because of impaired production of NO from endothelial cells. These changes in apelin/APJ receptor signaling under pathological conditions (eg, exposure to second-hand smoke) could create an environment that favors increased vasomotor tone in coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Anto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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The apelin/APJ signaling system and cytoprotection: Role of its cross-talk with kappa opioid receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Presence and localization of apelin and its cognate receptor in canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:929-935. [PMID: 36331787 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is a novel endogenous peptide which regulates the male reproductive system of mammals by interacting with a specific receptor. Recent studies have highlighted that apelin may play a role in the regulation of reproduction by reducing testosterone production and inhibiting LH secretion. To the best of our knowledge, there is no available data on the presence of the apelin and its receptor in canine testes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the presence of apelin and evaluate its distribution in the canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. For this purpose, five fertile and healthy male dogs were subjected to elective orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical reaction revealed the presence of apelin and its receptor in the canine testes. Apelin was localized in spermatids and spermatozoa with a positive signal in the "acrosomal bodies". As regards the apelin receptor, a positive immunoreaction was detected in the cytoplasm of the cells localized near to the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules and in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. The RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for apelin and apelin receptor in all of the samples under study. A 35kDa band confirmed apelin receptor protein expression in all of the samples analysed. In conclusion, the paracrine and endocrine role of apelin and its cognate receptor on male reproduction reported in humans and laboratory animals could also be hypothesized in dogs.
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Kurowska P, Mlyczyńska E, Dawid M, Respekta N, Pich K, Serra L, Dupont J, Rak A. Endocrine disruptor chemicals, adipokines and reproductive functions. Endocrine 2022; 78:205-218. [PMID: 35476178 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of adult obesity has risen markedly in recent decades. The endocrine system precisely regulates energy balance, fat abundance and fat deposition. Interestingly, white adipose tissue is an endocrine gland producing adipokines, which regulate whole-body physiology, including energy balance and reproduction. Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) include natural substances or chemicals that affect the endocrine system by multiple mechanisms and increase the risk of adverse health outcomes. Numerous studies have associated exposure to EDCs with obesity, classifying them as obesogens by their ability to activate different mechanisms, including the differentiation of adipocytes, increasing the storage of triglycerides, or elevating the number of adipocytes. Moreover, in recent years, not only industrial deception and obesity have intensified but also the problem of human infertility. Reproductive functions depend on hormone interactions, the balance of which may be disrupted by various EDCs or obesity. This review gives a brief summary of common EDCs linked with obesity, the mechanisms of their action, and the effect on adipokine levels, reproduction and connected disorders, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, decrease in sperm motility, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction in females and decrease of sperm motility in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Respekta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Loïse Serra
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Abot A, Robert V, Fleurot R, Dardente H, Hellier V, Froment P, Duittoz A, Knauf C, Dufourny L. How does apelin affect LH levels? An investigation at the level of GnRH and KNDy neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 557:111752. [PMID: 35973528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic control of reproduction relies on GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) secretions. KP neurons are sensitive to sex steroids and metabolic status and their distribution overlaps with neurons producing apelin, a metabolic hormone known to decrease LH secretion in rats. Here, we observed neuroanatomical contacts between apelin fibers and both KP and GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus of male rodents. Intracerebroventricular apelin infusion for 2 weeks in male mice did not decrease LH levels nor did it affect gene expression for KP, neurokinin B and dynorphin. Finally, increasing apelin concentrations did not modulate Ca2+ levels of cultured GnRH neurons, while 10 μM apelin infusion on forskolin pretreated GnRH neurons revoked a rhythmic activity in 18% of GnRH neurons. These results suggest that acute apelin effect on LH secretion does not involve modulation of gene expression in KP neurons but may affect the secretory activity of GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, International Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Renaud Fleurot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vincent Hellier
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Duittoz
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, International Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence Dufourny
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Protective effects of apelin on gastric mucosa. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dutzmann J, Bode LM, Kalies K, Korte L, Knöpp K, Kloss FJ, Sirisko M, Pilowski C, Koch S, Schenk H, Daniel JM, Bauersachs J, Sedding DG. Empagliflozin prevents neointima formation by impairing smooth muscle cell proliferation and accelerating endothelial regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:956041. [PMID: 36017090 PMCID: PMC9396257 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.956041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEmpagliflozin, an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) and developed as an anti-diabetic agent exerts additional beneficial effects on heart failure outcomes. However, the effect of empagliflozin on vascular cell function and vascular remodeling processes remains largely elusive.Methods/ResultsImmunocytochemistry and immunoblotting revealed SGLT2 to be expressed in human smooth muscle (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC) as well as in murine femoral arteries. In vitro, empagliflozin reduced serum-induced proliferation and migration of human diabetic and non-diabetic SMCs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, empagliflozin significantly increased the cell count and migration capacity of human diabetic ECs, but not of human non-diabetic ECs. In vivo, application of empagliflozin resulted in a reduced number of proliferating neointimal cells in response to femoral artery wire-injury in C57BL/6J mice and prevented neointima formation. Comparable effects were observed in a streptozocin-induced diabetic model of apolipoprotein E–/– mice. Conclusive to the in vitro-results, re-endothelialization was not significantly affected in C57BL/6 mice, but improved in diabetic mice after treatment with empagliflozin assessed by Evan’s Blue staining 3 days after electric denudation of the carotid artery. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (RNA-seq) of human SMCs identified the vasoactive peptide apelin to be decisively regulated in response to empagliflozin treatment. Recombinant apelin mimicked the in vitro-effects of empagliflozin in ECs and SMCs.ConclusionEmpagliflozin significantly reduces serum-induced proliferation and migration of SMCs in vitro and prevents neointima formation in vivo, while augmenting EC proliferation in vitro and re-endothelialization in vivo after vascular injury. These data document the functional impact of empagliflozin on vascular human SMCs and ECs and vascular remodeling in mice for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Dutzmann
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Jochen Dutzmann,
| | - Lena Marie Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katrin Kalies
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laura Korte
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kai Knöpp
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Mirja Sirisko
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Claudia Pilowski
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Koch
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heiko Schenk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jan-Marcus Daniel
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Daniel G. Sedding
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kagota S, Futokoro R, McGuire JJ, Maruyama-Fumoto K, Shinozuka K. Modulation of Vasomotor Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Renal Artery Depends on Severity of Arterial Dysfunction to Nitric Oxide and Severity of Metabolic Parameters. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070870. [PMID: 35883426 PMCID: PMC9312868 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) enhances vascular relaxation of mesenteric arteries in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats (SPZF), a metabolic syndrome model. We investigated and compared the effects of PVAT on the renal artery in SPZF with those on SHR/NDmcr-cp rats (CP). Renal arteries with and without PVAT were isolated from 23-week-old SPZF and CP. The effects of PVAT on acetylcholine- and nitroprusside-induced relaxation were examined using bioassays with phenylephrine-contracted arterial rings. Acetylcholine-induced relaxations without PVAT in SPZF and CP were 0.7- and 0.5-times lower in females than in males, respectively. In the presence of PVAT, acetylcholine-induced relaxations increased 1.4- and 2-times in male and female CP, respectively, but did not differ in SPZF. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation with and without PVAT was 0.7-times lower in female than in male SPZF but did not differ in CP. Angiotensin-II type-1 receptor (AT1R)/AT1R-associated protein mRNA ratios were lower in CP than in the SPZF and negatively correlated with the difference in arterial relaxation with and without PVAT. The effects of renal artery PVAT differed between the SPZF and CP groups. Higher levels of enhanced AT1R activity in SPZF PVAT may drive these differences by impairing the vascular smooth muscle responses to nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
- Institute for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-9944
| | - Risa Futokoro
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
| | - John J. McGuire
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Kana Maruyama-Fumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
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Flores K, Siques P, Brito J, Arribas SM. AMPK and the Challenge of Treating Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116205. [PMID: 35682884 PMCID: PMC9181235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure produced by vasoconstriction and hyperproliferative remodeling of the pulmonary artery and subsequent right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The search for therapeutic targets for cardiovascular pathophysiology has extended in many directions. However, studies focused on mitigating high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) have been rare. Because AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in cardiovascular and metabolic pathology, AMPK is often studied as a potential therapeutic target. AMPK is best characterized as a sensor of cellular energy that can also restore cellular metabolic homeostasis. However, AMPK has been implicated in other pathways with vasculoprotective effects. Notably, cellular metabolic stress increases the intracellular ADP/ATP or AMP/ATP ratio, and AMPK activation restores ATP levels by activating energy-producing catabolic pathways and inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic pathways, such as cell growth and proliferation pathways, promoting cardiovascular protection. Thus, AMPK activation plays an important role in antiproliferative, antihypertrophic and antioxidant pathways in the pulmonary artery in HPH. However, AMPK plays contradictory roles in promoting HPH development. This review describes the main findings related to AMPK participation in HPH and its potential as a therapeutic target. It also extrapolates known AMPK functions to discuss the less-studied HAPH context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Flores
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-572526392
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, University Autonoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Kumagai H, Miyamoto‐Mikami E, Someya Y, Kidokoro T, Miller B, Kumagai ME, Yoshioka M, Choi Y, Tagawa K, Maeda S, Kohmura Y, Suzuki K, Machida S, Naito H, Fuku N. Sports activities at a young age decrease hypertension risk-The J-Fit + study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15364. [PMID: 35757903 PMCID: PMC9234749 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess (1) blood pressure between young, current athletes, and non-athletes early in life; (2) hypertension prevalence between former athletes and the general population later in life; and (3) understand the mechanisms between exercise training and hypertension risks in the form of DNA methylation. Study 1: A total of 354 young male participants, including current athletes, underwent blood pressure assessment. Study 2: The prevalence of hypertension in 1269 male former athletes was compared with that in the Japanese general population. Current and former athletes were divided into three groups: endurance-, mixed-, and sprint/power-group. Study 3: We analyzed the effect of aerobic- or resistance-training on DNA methylation patterns using publicly available datasets to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. In young, current athletes, the mixed- and sprint/power-group exhibited higher systolic blood pressure, and all groups exhibited higher pulse pressure than non-athletes. In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension in former athletes was significantly lower in all groups than in the general population. Compared to endurance-group (reference), adjusted-hazard ratios for the incidence of hypertension among mixed- and sprint/power-group were 1.24 (0.87-1.84) and 1.50 (1.04-2.23), respectively. Moreover, aerobic- and resistance-training commonly modified over 3000 DNA methylation sites in skeletal muscle, and these were suggested to be associated with cardiovascular function-related pathways. These findings suggest that the high blood pressure induced by exercise training at a young age does not influence the development of future hypertension. Furthermore, previous exercise training experiences at a young age could decrease the risk of future hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
- The Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Yuki Someya
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
| | | | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michi Emma Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Masaki Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Youngju Choi
- Institute of Sports & Arts ConvergenceInha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Kaname Tagawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Sport SciencesWaseda UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kohmura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
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Sahinturk S, Demirel S, Isbil N, Ozyener F. Potassium Channels Contributes to Apelin-induced Vasodilation in Rat
Thoracic Aorta. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:538-549. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220516141317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Apelin is a newly discovered peptide hormone and originally discovered
endogenous apelin receptor ligand.
Objective:
In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible roles of potassium channel subtypes in
the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of apelin.
Methods:
The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar Albino rats were
placed into the isolated tissue bath system. The resting tension was set to 2 g. After the equilibration
period, the aortic rings were precontracted with 10-5 M phenylephrine (PHE) or 45 mM KCl.
Pyroglutamyl-apelin-13 ([Pyr1]apelin-13), which is the dominant apelin isoform in the human
cardiovascular tissues and human plasma, was applied cumulatively (10-10-10-6 M) to the aortic
rings in the plateau phase. The experimental protocol was repeated in the presence of specific K+
channel subtype blockers to determine the role of K+ channels in the vasorelaxant effect
mechanisms of apelin.
Results:
[Pyr1]apelin-13 induced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation (p < 0.001). The
maximum relaxation level was approximately 52%, according to PHE-induced contraction.
Tetraethylammonium, iberiotoxin, 4-Aminopyridine, glyburide, anandamide, and BaCl2 statistically
significantly decreased the vasorelaxant effect level of [Pyr1]apelin-13 (p < 0.001). However,
apamin didn’t statistically significantly change the vasorelaxant effect level of [Pyr1]apelin-13.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, our findings suggest that BKCa, IKCa, Kv, KATP, Kir, and K2P channels
are involved in the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of apelin in the rat thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Sahinturk
- Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University Medicine School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Demirel
- Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University Medicine School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Naciye Isbil
- Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University Medicine School, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fadil Ozyener
- Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University Medicine School, Bursa, Turkey
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Zaki ME, ElGebaly H, Hassan M, Elbatrawy SR, Yousef W, Ismail AS, Ahmed HH. Serum Chemerin and Apelin Levels in Obese Children: Relation to Endothelial Function and Inflammation from a Cross-sectional Case–Control Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a global threat with subsequent health problems among which and most important is cardiovascular problems. It is now claimed that adipokines secreted by adipose tissue are responsible for such consequences. Newly discovered adipokines chemerin and apelin are under investigation for their link with obesity related co-morbidites.
AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess the serum levels of chemerin and apelin in obese children and to explore the correlation between these two biomarkers and the inflammatory as well as the endothelial cell activation markers
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional case control study that comprised 45 pre-pubertal obese children aged (6– < 12) years old of both sexes (22 males and 23 females), in addition to 45 matched age and sex lean children serving as controls (21 males and 24 females). Serum levels of chemerin, apelin, ICAM-1, E-selectin and hs-CRP were measured for obese and controls.
RESULTS: Obese children showed higher levels of chemerin, apelin, ICAM-1 and E-selectin than controls. Chemerin and apelin showed significant correlations with all parameters except for age. Anthropometric parameters with hs-CRP revealed significant correlation even after adjustment for age and sex while apelin only showed a significant correlation with age. Multiple regression analyses with hs -CR , E-selectin and ICAM-1 as dependent variables and BMI Z score ,age, sex, chemerin and apelin as independent variables showed the effect of chemerin and apelin on the increased levels of hs -CR , E-selectin and ICAM-1 .
CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of chemerin and apelin may serve as indices of ongoing obesity-related disorders in obese children.
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Girault-Sotias PE, De Mota N, Llorens-Cortès C. [Physiological role of the apelin receptor: implication in body fluid homeostasis and hyponatremia]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 215:119-132. [PMID: 35275056 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, a vasoactive neuropeptide, its receptor and arginine-vasopressin (AVP, antidiuretic hormone) are co-localized in magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons. In the kidney, the apelin receptor is present in glomerular arterioles and the collecting duct (CD) where the AVP type 2 (V2-R) receptors are located. Apelin exerts an aquaretic action both by its inhibitory effect on the phasic electrical activity of vasopressinergic neurons and the secretion of AVP into the bloodstream and by its direct actions at the kidney level resulting in an increase in the renal microcirculation and the inhibition of the antidiuretic effect of AVP mediated by V2-R in the CD. Plasma apelin and AVP are conversely regulated by osmotic stimuli in both humans and rodents, showing that apelin is involved with AVP in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. Clinically, in patients with inappropriate antidiuresis syndrome (SIAD), the apelin/AVP balance is altered, which contributes to water metabolism defect. Activation of the apelin receptor by the metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, that increases aqueous diuresis and moderately water intake and gradually corrects hyponatremia, may constitute a new approach for the treatment of SIAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Girault-Sotias
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortès
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
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García-Juárez M, Luna-Hernández A, Tapia-Hernández S, Montes-Narvaez O, Domínguez-Ordoñez R, Tecamachaltzi-Silvarán MB, Pfaus JG, González-Flores O. Apelin-13 facilitates lordosis behavior following infusions to the ventromedial hypothalamus or preoptic area in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 773:136518. [PMID: 35150776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In normal hormonal conditions, increased neuronal activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) induces lordosis whereas activation of the preoptic area (POA) exerts an opposite effect. In the present work, we explored the effect of bilateral infusion of different doses of the apelin-13 (0.37, 0.75, 1.5, and 15 μg) in both brain areas on the expression of lordosis behavior. Lordosis quotient and lordosis reflex score were performed at 30, 120, and 240 min. Weak lordosis was observed following the 0.37 μg dose of apelin-13 at 30 min in the VMH of EB-primed rats; however, the rest of the doses induced significant lordosis relative to the control group. At 120 min, all doses induced lordosis behavior, while at 240 min, the highest dose of 15 μg did not induce significant differences. Interestingly, only the 0.75 μg infusion of apelin in the POA induced significant lordosis at 120 and 240 min. These results indicate that apelin-13 acts preferably in HVM and slightly in POA to initiate lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos García-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Ailyn Luna-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México; Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Sandra Tapia-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México; Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Omar Montes-Narvaez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Raymundo Domínguez-Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | | | - James G Pfaus
- Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University, Prague, and Czech National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México.
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Karaer Büberci R, Öztekin PS, Duranay M. The relationship between apelin and carotid intima media thickness, and the presence of plaque in dialysis patients. Semin Dial 2022; 35:337-342. [PMID: 35118706 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is a peptide that has important effects on the cardiovascular system due to its anti-atherogenic properties and regulating blood pressure. There is not enough research evaluating the effects of apelin levels on the cardiovascular system in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients concurrently. The aim of this study was to determine apelin levels in dialysis, and control groups and to investigate the relationship between apelin and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty three HD patients, 35 PD patients, and 15 healthy individuals were included in the study. All laboratory data, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), IL-6, and apelin-13 levels were analyzed. To prevent interobserver errors in CIMT measurement, the analyses were performed by a single radiologist. RESULT CIMT, presence of plaque, apelin, NT-proBNP, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher in dialysis patients. There was a relationship between apelin and CIMT, and between apelin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in PD patients. Age, apelin, HDL, parathormone (PTH), glucose, and smoking were found to affect the presence of plaque in dialysis patients. CONCLUSION Apelin levels were high in dialysis patients. Especially in PD patients, there was a negative correlation between apelin and CIMT, and between apelin and HDL. Therefore, apelin may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murat Duranay
- Nephrology Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Li C, Cheng H, Adhikari BK, Wang S, Yang N, Liu W, Sun J, Wang Y. The Role of Apelin-APJ System in Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:820002. [PMID: 35355561 PMCID: PMC8959308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes and obesity are two main health-threatening metabolic disorders in the world, which increase the risk for many chronic diseases. Apelin, a peptide hormone, exerts its effect by binding with angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) and is considered to be linked with diabetes and obesity. Apelin and its receptor are widely present in the body and are involved in many physiological processes, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis, endocrine response to stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the literatures on the role of the Apelin-APJ system in diabetes and obesity for a better understanding of the mechanism and function of apelin and its receptor in the pathophysiology of diseases that may contribute to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Nepal Armed Police Force (APF) Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggang Wang,
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Bielska A, Niemira M, Bauer W, Sidorkiewicz I, Szałkowska A, Skwarska A, Raczkowska J, Ostrowski D, Gugała K, Dobrzycki S, Krętowski A. Serum miRNA Profile in Diabetic Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease as a Promising Non-Invasive Biomarker. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:888948. [PMID: 35663309 PMCID: PMC9157821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.888948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing morbidity and mortality of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) highlight an urgent need to identify early biomarkers, which would help to predict individual risk of development of IHD. Here, we postulate that circulating serum-derived micro RNAs (miRNAs) may serve as potential biomarkers for early IHD diagnosis and support the identification of diabetic individuals with a predisposition to undergo IHD. We obtained serum samples from T2DM patients either with IHD or IHD-free and analysed the expression levels of 798 miRNAs using the NanoString nCounter technology platform. The prediction of the putative miRNAs targets was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used to identify the biological function and signalling pathways associated with miRNA target genes. Hub genes of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified by STRING database and Cytotoscape tool. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of identified miRNAs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for nCounter platform data validation. Our data showed that six miRNAs (miR-615-3p, miR-3147, miR-1224-5p, miR-5196-3p, miR-6732-3p, and miR-548b-3p) were significantly upregulated in T2DM IHD patients compared to T2DM patients without IHD. Further analysis indicated that 489 putative target genes mainly affected the endothelin-1 signalling pathway, glucocorticoid biosynthesis, and apelin cardiomyocyte signalling pathway. All tested miRNAs showed high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.779 - 0.877). Taken together, our research suggests that circulating miRNAs might have a crucial role in the development of IHD in diabetic patients and may be used as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Agnieszka Bielska,
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szałkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Skwarska
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Justyna Raczkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Damian Ostrowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Gugała
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dobrzycki
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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de Oliveira AA, Vergara A, Wang X, Vederas JC, Oudit GY. Apelin pathway in cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases: Therapeutic role of apelin analogs and apelin receptor agonists. Peptides 2022; 147:170697. [PMID: 34801627 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The apelin/apelin receptor (ApelinR) signal transduction pathway exerts essential biological roles, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Disturbances in the apelin/ApelinR axis are linked to vascular, heart, kidney, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the apelinergic system has surfaced as a critical therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (including pulmonary arterial hypertension), kidney disease, insulin resistance, hyponatremia, preeclampsia, and erectile dysfunction. However, apelin peptides are susceptible to rapid degradation through endogenous peptidases, limiting their use as therapeutic tools and translational potential. These proteases include angiotensin converting enzyme 2, neutral endopeptidase, and kallikrein thereby linking the apelin pathway with other peptide systems. In this context, apelin analogs with enhanced proteolytic stability and synthetic ApelinR agonists emerged as promising pharmacological alternatives. In this review, we focus on discussing the putative roles of the apelin pathway in various physiological systems from function to dysfunction, and emphasizing the therapeutic potential of newly generated metabolically stable apelin analogs and non-peptide ApelinR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A de Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ander Vergara
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaopu Wang
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Chapman FA, Nyimanu D, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP, Newby DE, Dhaun N. The therapeutic potential of apelin in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:840-853. [PMID: 34389827 PMCID: PMC8361827 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of treatment for CKD is blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which reduces blood pressure and proteinuria and slows kidney function decline. Despite this treatment, many patients progress to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or kidney transplantation, and/or die as a result of cardiovascular disease. The apelin system is an endogenous physiological regulator that is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. This system comprises the apelin receptor and its two families of endogenous ligands, apelin and elabela/toddler. Preclinical and clinical studies show that apelin receptor ligands are endothelium-dependent vasodilators and potent inotropes, and the apelin system has a reciprocal relationship with the RAAS. In preclinical studies, apelin regulates glomerular haemodynamics and acts on the tubule to promote aquaresis. In addition, apelin is protective in several kidney injury models. Although the apelin system has not yet been studied in patients with CKD, the available data suggest that apelin is a promising potential therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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50
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Targeting the elabela/apelin-apelin receptor axis as a novel therapeutic approach for hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 135:1019-1026. [PMID: 34608073 PMCID: PMC9276310 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity and those with hypertension are more likely to develop severe symptoms in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, which is closely related to abnormal renin-angiotensin system and elabela/apelin-apelin receptor (APJ) axis. The elabela/apelin-APJ axis exerts essential roles in regulating blood pressure levels, vascular tone, and cardiovascular dysfunction in hypertension by counterbalancing the action of the angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and enhancing the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO signaling. Furthermore, the elabela/apelin-APJ axis demonstrates beneficial effects in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, including angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction during hypertension. More importantly, effects of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis on vascular tone may depend upon blood vessel type or various pathological conditions. Intriguingly, the broad distribution of elabela/apelin and alternative isoforms implicated its distinct functions in diverse cardiac and vascular cells and tissue types. Finally, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches have defined critical roles of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis in reducing the development and severity of hypertensive diseases. Thus, targeting the elabela/apelin-APJ axis has emerged as a pre-warning biomarker and a novel therapeutic approach against progression of hypertension, and an increased understanding of cardiovascular actions of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis will help to develop effective interventions for hypertension. In this review, we focus on the physiology and biochemistry, diverse actions, and underlying mechanisms of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis, highlighting its role in hypertension and hypertensive cardiovascular injury and dysfunction, with a view to provide a prospective strategy for hypertensive disease therapy.
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