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Yang L, Liu J, Yin J, Li Y, Liu J, Liu D, Wang Z, DiSanto ME, Zhang W, Zhang X. S100A4 modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis in the hyperplastic prostate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106551. [PMID: 38360265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men worldwide that may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). At present, the specific pathophysiological mechanism for BPH/LUTS LUTS remains unclear. S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), a member of the calcium binding protein family, regulates a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis. The aim of the current study was to explore and clarify the possible role of S100A4 in BPH/LUTS. The human prostate stromal cell line (WPMY-1), rat prostate epithelial cells, human prostate tissues and two BPH rat models were employed in this study. The expression and localization of S100A4 were detected by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. Also, S100A4 knockdown or overexpression cell models were constructed and a BPH rat model was induced with testosterone propionate (T) or phenylephrine (PE). The BPH animals were treated with Niclosamide, a S100A4 transcription inhibitor. Results demonstrated that S100A4 was mainly localized in human prostatic stroma and rat prostatic epithelium, and showed a higher expression in BPH. Knockdown of S100A4 induced cell apoptosis, cell proliferation arrest and a reduction of tissue fibrosis markers. Overexpression of S100A4 reversed the aforementioned changes. We also demonstrated that S100A4 regulated proliferation and apoptosis mainly through the ERK pathway and modulated fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, our novel data demonstrate that S100A4 could play a crucial role in BPH development and may be explored as a new therapeutic target of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoquan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Coelho R, De Benedictis CA, Sauer AK, Figueira AJ, Faustino H, Grabrucker AM, Gomes CM. Secondary Modification of S100B Influences Anti Amyloid-β Aggregation Activity and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1787. [PMID: 38339064 PMCID: PMC10855146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous aggregates accumulate in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), inducing cellular defense mechanisms and altering the redox status. S100 pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly S100B, are activated during AD, but recent findings reveal an unconventional molecular chaperone role for S100B in hindering Aβ aggregation and toxicity. This suggests a potential protective role for S100B at the onset of Aβ proteotoxicity, occurring in a complex biochemical environment prone to oxidative damage. Herein, we report an investigation in which extracellular oxidative conditions are mimicked to test if the susceptibility of S100B to oxidation influences its protective activities. Resorting to mild oxidation of S100B, we observed methionine oxidation as inferred from mass spectrometry, but no cysteine-mediated crosslinking. Structural analysis showed that the folding, structure, and stability of oxidized S100B were not affected, and nor was its quaternary structure. However, studies on Aβ aggregation kinetics indicated that oxidized S100B was more effective in preventing aggregation, potentially linked to the oxidation of Met residues within the S100:Aβ binding cleft that favors interactions. Using a cell culture model to analyze the S100B functions in a highly oxidative milieu, as in AD, we observed that Aβ toxicity is rescued by the co-administration of oxidized S100B to a greater extent than by S100B. Additionally, results suggest a disrupted positive feedback loop involving S100B which is caused by its oxidation, leading to the downstream regulation of IL-17 and IFN-α2 expression as mediated by S100B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Coelho
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (A.J.F.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Chiara A. De Benedictis
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland; (C.A.D.B.); (A.K.S.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann Katrin Sauer
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland; (C.A.D.B.); (A.K.S.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
| | - António J. Figueira
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (A.J.F.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Faustino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição No. 2, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland; (C.A.D.B.); (A.K.S.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cláudio M. Gomes
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (A.J.F.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Hojan K, Adamska K, Lewandowska A, Procyk D, Leporowska E, Osztynowicz K, Michalak S. Neural and Onconeural Autoantibodies and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Markers in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for High-Grade Primary Brain Tumour. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:307. [PMID: 38337823 PMCID: PMC10855664 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a key role in brain tumours but can negatively impact functional outcomes and quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyse anti-neural and onconeural autoantibodies and markers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in patients with primary brain cancer undergoing RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 45 patients with a brain tumour scheduled for intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Assessments were performed at baseline, post-RT, and at three months. We measured serum levels of BBB disruption biomarkers and anti-neural, onconeural, and organ-specific antibodies. RESULTS Antibodies against nucleosome antigens and neuronal surface antigens were detected in 85% and 3% of cases, respectively; anti-neural and onconeural antibodies were observed in 47% and 5.8%. In 44% patients, ≥2 antibody types were detected. No significant changes in BBB biomarkers were observed. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that a humoral immune response is common in patients undergoing RT for brain cancer. This response appears to be non-organ specific but rather directed against nucleosome antigens, but onconeural antibodies were uncommon, suggesting a low risk of a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. Our data suggested that radiotherapy may not affect BBB integrity, but larger studies are needed to better characterise the pathophysiological effects of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Adamska
- Department of Radiotherapy, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (K.A.); (A.L.)
- Department of Elektroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewandowska
- Department of Radiotherapy, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (K.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Danuta Procyk
- Laboratory Ward, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (D.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Ewa Leporowska
- Laboratory Ward, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (D.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Krystyna Osztynowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Neurology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (K.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Slawomir Michalak
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Neurology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (K.O.); (S.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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4
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Winter J, Jepsen S. Role of innate host defense proteins in oral cancerogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38265172 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
It is nowadays well accepted that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. Under this aspect, the oral cavity is predestined to examine this connection because periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common oral malignant lesions. In this review, we describe how particular molecules of the human innate host defense system may participate as molecular links between these two important chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Specific focus is directed toward antimicrobial polypeptides, such as the cathelicidin LL-37 and human defensins, as well as S100 proteins and alarmins. We report in which way these peptides and proteins are able to initiate and support oral tumorigenesis, showing direct mechanisms by binding to growth-stimulating cell surface receptors and/or indirect effects, for example, inducing tumor-promoting genes. Finally, bacterial challenges with impact on oral cancerogenesis are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Ruscu M, Capitanescu B, Rupek P, Dandekar T, Radu E, Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A. The post-stroke young adult brain has limited capacity to re-express the gene expression patterns seen during early postnatal brain development. Brain Pathol 2024:e13232. [PMID: 38198833 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of the brain's response to injury can play an important role in recovery after a brain lesion. In this study, we investigated whether the ischemic young adult brain can re-express brain plasticity genes that were active during early postnatal development. Differentially expressed genes in the cortex of juvenile post-natal day 3 and the peri-infarcted cortical areas of young, 3-month-old post-stroke rats were identified using fixed-effects modeling within an empirical Bayes framework through condition-specific comparison. To further analyze potential biological processes, upregulated and downregulated genes were assessed for enrichment using GSEA software. The genes showing the highest expression changes were subsequently verified through RT-PCR. Our findings indicate that the adult brain partially recapitulates the gene expression profile observed in the juvenile brain but fails to upregulate many genes and pathways necessary for brain plasticity. Of the upregulated genes in post-stroke brains, specific roles have not been assigned to Apobec1, Cenpf, Ect2, Folr2, Glipr1, Myo1f, and Pttg1. New genes that failed to upregulate in the adult post-stroke brain include Bex4, Cd24, Klhl1/Mrp2, Trim67, and St8sia2. Among the upregulated pathways, the largest change was observed in the KEGG pathway "One carbon pool of folate," which is necessary for cellular proliferation, followed by the KEGG pathway "Antifolate resistance," whose genes mainly encode the family of ABC transporters responsible for the efflux of drugs that have entered the brain. We also noted three less-described downregulated KEGG pathways in experimental models: glycolipid biosynthesis, oxytocin, and cortisol pathways, which could be relevant as therapeutic targets. The limited brain plasticity of the adult brain is illustrated through molecular and histological analysis of the axonal growth factor, KIF4. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that further research is needed to decipher the complex genetic mechanisms that prevent the re-expression of brain plasticity-associated genes in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ruscu
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Paul Rupek
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Radu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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6
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Man RC, Idrus RBH, Ibrahim WIW, Saim AB, Lokanathan Y. Secretome Analysis of Human Nasal Fibroblast Identifies Proteins That Promote Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:59-76. [PMID: 37247133 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned medium from cultured fibroblast cells is recognized to promote wound healing and growth through the secretion of enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, and various growth factors and cytokines. The objective of this study was to profile the secreted proteins present in nasal fibroblast conditioned medium (NFCM). Nasal fibroblasts isolated from human nasal turbinates were cultured for 72 h in Defined Keratinocytes Serum Free Medium (DKSFM) or serum-free F12: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) to collect conditioned medium, denoted as NFCM_DKSFM and NFCM_FD, respectively. SDS-PAGE was performed to detect the presence of protein bands, followed by MALDI-TOF and mass spectrometry analysis. SignalP, SecretomeP, and TMHMM were used to identify the secreted proteins in conditioned media. PANTHER Classification System was performed to categorize the protein according to protein class, whereas STRING 10 was carried out to evaluate the predicted proteins interactions. SDS-PAGE results showed the presence of various protein with molecular weight ranging from ~10 kDa to ~260 kDa. Four protein bands were identified using MALDI-TOF. The analyses identified 104, 83, and 7 secreted proteins in NFCM_FD, NFCM_DKSFM, and DKSFM, respectively. Four protein classes involved in wound healing were identified, namely calcium-binding proteins, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, and signaling molecules. STRING10 protein prediction successfully identified various pathways regulated by secretory proteins in NFCM. In conclusion, this study successfully profiled the secreted proteins of nasal fibroblasts and these proteins are predicted to play important roles in RECs wound healing through various pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohaina Che Man
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Binti Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izlina Wan Ibrahim
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Bin Saim
- Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Fantin J, Toutain J, Pérès EA, Bernay B, Mehani SM, Helaine C, Bourgeois M, Brunaud C, Chazalviel L, Pontin J, Corroyer-Dulmont A, Valable S, Cherel M, Bernaudin M. Assessment of hypoxia and oxidative-related changes in a lung-derived brain metastasis model by [ 64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET and proteomic studies. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:102. [PMID: 38006431 PMCID: PMC10676347 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BM) are the most frequent malignant brain tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BM and particularly hypoxia and redox state, known to play a role in tumor growth and treatment resistance with multimodal PET and MRI imaging, immunohistochemical and proteomic approaches in a human lung cancer (H2030-BrM3)-derived BM model in rats. RESULTS First, in vitro studies confirmed that H2030-BrM3 cells respond to hypoxia with increasing expression of HIF-1, HIF-2 and their target genes. Proteomic analyses revealed, among expression changes, proteins associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, metal response and hypoxia signaling in particular in cortical BM. [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET revealed a significant uptake by cortical BM (p < 0.01), while no uptake is observed in striatal BM 23 days after tumor implantation. Pimonidazole, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, CA-IX as well as GFAP, CTR1 and DMT1 immunostainings are positive in both BM. CONCLUSION Overall, [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] imaging and proteomic results showed the presence of hypoxia and protein expression changes linked to hypoxia and oxidative stress in BM, which are more pronounced in cortical BM compared to striatal BM. Moreover, it emphasized the interest of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET to characterize TME of BM and depict inter-metastasis heterogeneity that could be useful to guide treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Fantin
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Elodie A Pérès
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ., US EMerode, Plateforme Proteogen, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Sarina Maya Mehani
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Charly Helaine
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Mickael Bourgeois
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS-ERL6075, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
- GIP ARRONAX, F-44800, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Carole Brunaud
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chazalviel
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Julien Pontin
- Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ., US EMerode, Plateforme Proteogen, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Michel Cherel
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS-ERL6075, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
- GIP ARRONAX, F-44800, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France.
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Yan Y, Zhu K, Liu H, Fan M, Zhao X, Pan M, Ma B, Wei Q. The Relationship between Mastitis and Antimicrobial Peptide S100A7 Expression in Dairy Goats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:653. [PMID: 37999476 PMCID: PMC10674537 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A7 is an inflammation-related protein and plays an essential role in host defenses, yet there is little research about the relationship between mastitis and S100A7 expression in dairy goats. Here, according to the clinical diagnosis of udders, SCC, and bacteriological culture (BC) of milk, 84 dairy goats were grouped into healthy goats (n = 25), subclinical mastitis goats (n = 36), and clinical mastitis goats (n = 23). The S100A7 concentration in subclinical mastitis goats was significantly upregulated than in healthy dairy goats (p = 0.0056) and had a limited change with clinical mastitis dairy goats (p = 0.8222). The relationship between log10 SCC and S100A7 concentration in milk was positive and R = 0.05249; the regression equation was Y = 0.1446 × X + 12.54. According to the three groups, the log10 SCC and S100A7 were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve; in subclinical mastitis goats, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of log10 SCC was 0.9222 and p < 0.0001, and the AUC of S100A7 concentration was 0.7317 and p = 0.0022, respectively; in clinical mastitis goats, the AUC of log10 SCC was 0.9678 and p < 0.0001, and the AUC of S100A7 concentration was 0.5487 and p = 0.5634, respectively. In healthy goats, S100A7 was expressed weakly in the alveolus of the mammary gland of healthy goats while expressed densely in the collapsed alveolus of mastitis goats. Moreover, S100A7 expression increased significantly in mastitis goats than in healthy dairy goats. In this research, results showed the effects of mastitis on the S100A7 expression in the mammary gland and S100A7 concentration in milk and the limited relationship between SCC and mastitis, which provided a new insight into S100A7's role in the host defenses of dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (K.Z.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (X.Z.); (M.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Silva de Melo BM, Veras FP, Zwicky P, Lima D, Ingelfinger F, Martins TV, da Silva Prado D, Schärli S, Publio G, Hiroki CH, Melo PH, Saraiva A, Norbiato T, Lima L, Ryffel B, Vogl T, Roth J, Waisman A, Nakaya HI, da Silva Souza C, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Becher B, Alves-Filho JC. S100A9 Drives the Chronification of Psoriasiform Inflammation by Inducing IL-23/Type 3 Immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1678-1688.e8. [PMID: 36921684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder driven by the IL-23/type 3 immune response. However, molecular mechanisms sustaining the chronicity of inflammation and psoriatic lesions remain elusive. Combining systematic analyses of several transcriptomic datasets, we delineated gene signatures across human psoriatic skin, identifying S100A9 as one of the most up-regulated genes, which was confirmed in lesioned skin from patients with psoriasis and preclinical psoriasiform skin inflammation models. Genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of S100A9 alleviated Aldara-induced skin inflammation. By single-cell mapping of human psoriatic skin and bone marrow chimeric mice experiments, we identified keratinocytes as the major source of S100A9. Mechanistically, S100A9 induced IL-23 production by dendritic cells, driving the IL-23/type 3 immunity in psoriasiform skin inflammation. In addition, the cutaneous IL-23/IL-17 axis induced epidermal S100A9 expression in human and experimental psoriasis. Thus, we showed an autoregulatory circuit between keratinocyte-derived S100A9 and IL-23/type 3 immunity during psoriasiform inflammation, identifying a crucial function of S100A9 in the chronification of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Marcel Silva de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diógenes Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timna Varela Martins
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Douglas da Silva Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Schärli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Publio
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Hiroji Hiroki
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - André Saraiva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thainá Norbiato
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cacilda da Silva Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology Division, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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10
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Zhou H, Zhao C, Shao R, Xu Y, Zhao W. The functions and regulatory pathways of S100A8/A9 and its receptors in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187741. [PMID: 37701037 PMCID: PMC10493297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation primarily influences the initiation, progression, and deterioration of many human diseases, and immune cells are the principal forces that modulate the balance of inflammation by generating cytokines and chemokines to maintain physiological homeostasis or accelerate disease development. S100A8/A9, a heterodimer protein mainly generated by neutrophils, triggers many signal transduction pathways to mediate microtubule constitution and pathogen defense, as well as intricate procedures of cancer growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. Its paired receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation ends (RAGEs) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also have roles and effects within tumor cells, mainly involved with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the clinical setting, S100A8/A9 and its receptors can be used complementarily as efficient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological functions of S100A8/A9 and its various receptors in tumor cells, in order to provide new insights and strategies targeting S100A8/A9 to promote novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Cerón JJ, Ortín-Bustillo A, López-Martínez MJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Eckersall PD, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Muñoz-Prieto A. S-100 Proteins: Basics and Applications as Biomarkers in Animals with Special Focus on Calgranulins (S100A8, A9, and A12). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:881. [PMID: 37372165 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a group of calcium-binding proteins which received this name because of their solubility in a 100% saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. They have a similar molecular mass of 10-12 KDa and share 25-65% similarity in their amino acid sequence. They are expressed in many tissues, and to date 25 different types of S100 proteins have been identified. This review aims to provide updated information about S100 proteins and their use as biomarkers in veterinary science, with special emphasis on the family of calgranulins that includes S100A8 (calgranulin A; myeloid-related protein 8, MRP8), S100A9 (calgranulin B; MRP14), and S100A12 (calgranulin C). The proteins SA100A8 and S100A9 can be linked, forming a heterodimer which is known as calprotectin. Calgranulins are related to the activation of inflammation and the immune system and increase in gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation and sepsis, immunomediated diseases, and obesity and endocrine disorders in different animal species. This review reflects the current knowledge about calgranulins in veterinary science, which should increase in the future to clarify their role in different diseases and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as the practical use of their measurement in non-invasive samples such as saliva or feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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12
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Pan M, Roe JM, Nudel R, Schork AJ, Iakunchykova O, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Werge T, Chen CH, Benros ME, Wang Y. Circulating S100B levels at birth and risk of six major neuropsychiatric or neurological disorders: a two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:174. [PMID: 37225692 PMCID: PMC10209162 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of the astrocytic marker S100B have been associated with risk of neuropsychiatric or neurological disorders. However, reported effects have been inconsistent, and no causal relations have yet been established. We applied two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) on the association statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for circulating S100B levels measured 5-7 days after birth (the iPSYCH sample) and in an older adult sample (mean age, 72.5 years; the Lothian sample), upon those derived from major depression disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), autism spectral disorder (ASD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied the causal relations in the two S100B datasets for risk of these six neuropsychiatric disorders. MR suggested increased S100B levels 5-7 days after birth to causally increase the risk of MDD (OR = 1.014; 95%CI = 1.007-1.022; FDR-corrected p = 6.43×10-4). In older adults, MR suggested increased S100B levels to have a causal relation to the risk of BIP (OR = 1.075; 95%CI = 1.026-1.127; FDR-corrected p = 1.35×10-2). No significant causal relations were found for the other five disorders. We did not observe any evidence for reverse causality of these neuropsychiatric or neurological disorders on altered S100B levels. Sensitivity analyses using more stringent SNP-selection criteria and three alternative MR models suggested the results are robust. Altogether, our findings imply a small cause-effect relation for the previously reported associations of S100B and mood disorders. Such findings may provide a novel avenue for the diagnosis and management of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Pan
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - James M Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ron Nudel
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGEN), 445 N. Fifth Street, 85004, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center St. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Boserupvej 2, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Olena Iakunchykova
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, POB 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, POB 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Werge
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGEN), 445 N. Fifth Street, 85004, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center St. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Boserupvej 2, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California in San Diego, Gilman Drive 9500, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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Chithra Y, Dey G, Ghose V, Chandramohan V, Gowthami N, Vasudev V, Srinivas Bharath MM. Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition in Dopaminergic Neurons Causes Altered Protein Profile and Protein Oxidation: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03907-x. [PMID: 36964824 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are critical to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial dysfunction in PD entails inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I (CI) in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra. The events contributing to CI inhibition and downstream pathways are not completely elucidated. We conducted proteomic analysis in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line exposed individually to neurotoxic CI inhibitors: rotenone (Rot), paraquat (Pq) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Mass spectrometry (MS) revealed the involvement of biological processes including cell death pathways, structural changes and metabolic processes among others, most of which were common across all models. The proteomic changes induced by Pq were significantly higher than those induced by Rot and MPP+. Altered metabolic processes included downregulated mitochondrial proteins such as CI subunits. MS of CI isolated from the models revealed oxidative post-translational modifications with Tryptophan (Trp) oxidation as the predominant modification. Further, 62 peptides in 22 subunits of CI revealed Trp oxidation with 16 subunits common across toxins. NDUFV1 subunit had the greatest number of oxidized Trp and Rot model displayed the highest number of Trp oxidation events compared to the other models. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of NDUFV1 revealed that oxidized Trp 433 altered the local conformation thereby changing the distance between the Fe-S clusters, Fe-S 301(N1a) to Fe-S 502 (N3) and Fe-S 802 (N4) to Fe-S 801 (N5), potentially affecting the efficiency of electron transfer. The events triggered by the neurotoxins represent CI damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshachar Chithra
- Department of Bioscience, P.G. Center, Hemagangotri, University of Mysore, Hassan, Karnataka, 573220, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Vivek Ghose
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | - Niya Gowthami
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Lakkasandra, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - V Vasudev
- Department of Bioscience, P.G. Center, Hemagangotri, University of Mysore, Hassan, Karnataka, 573220, India
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Lakkasandra, Bangalore, 560029, India.
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14
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Dong Y, Li J, Cao D, Zhong J, Liu X, Duan YG, Lee KF, Yeung WB, Lee CL, Chiu PN. Integrated microRNA and secretome analysis of human endometrial organoids reveal the miR-3194-5p/Aquaporin/S100A9 module in regulating trophoblast functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100526. [PMID: 36889440 PMCID: PMC10119685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful placentation requires delicate communication between the endometrium and trophoblasts. The invasion and integration of trophoblasts into the endometrium during early pregnancy is crucial to placentation. Dysregulation of these functions is associated with various pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and preeclampsia. The endometrial microenvironment has an important influence on trophoblast cell functions. The precise effect of the endometrial gland secretome on trophoblast functions remains uncertain. We hypothesized that the hormonal environment regulates the miRNA profile and secretome of the human endometrial gland, which subsequently modulates trophoblast functions during early pregnancy. Human endometrial tissues were obtained from endometrial biopsies with written consent. Endometrial organoids were established in matrix gel under defined culture conditions. They were treated with hormones mimicking the environment of the proliferative phase (Estrogen, E2), secretory phase (E2+Progesterone, P4), and early pregnancy (E2+P4+Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, hCG). miRNA-seq was performed on the treated organoids. Organoid secretions were also collected for mass spectrometric analysis. The viability and invasion/migration of the trophoblasts after treatment with the organoid secretome were determined by cytotoxicity assay and transwell assay, respectively. Endometrial organoids with the ability to respond to sex steroid hormones were successfully developed from human endometrial glands. By establishing the first secretome profiles and miRNA atlas of these endometrial organoids to the hormonal changes followed by trophoblast functional assays, we demonstrated that sex steroid hormones modulate aquaporin (AQP)1/9 and S100A9 secretions through miR-3194 activation in endometrial epithelial cells, which in turn enhanced trophoblast migration and invasion during early pregnancy. By using a human endometrial organoid model, we demonstrated for the first time that the hormonal regulation of the endometrial gland secretome is crucial to regulating the functions of human trophoblasts during early pregnancy. The study provides the basis for understanding the regulation of early placental development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.; Shenzhen Huarui Model Organisms Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shenzhen China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.; The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Gang Duan
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.; The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - WilliamS B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.; The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - PhilipC N Chiu
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R..
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15
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Occurrence of Human Defensins and S100 Proteins in Head and Neck Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Entities: hBD3 and S100A4 as Potential Biomarkers to Evaluate Successful Surgical Therapy. JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEARING AND BALANCE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ohbm4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The goal of this study is the identification of potential marker molecules for characterizing different basal cell carcinoma entities, to help improve clinical decisions for surgical resection therapy. Methods: Three different entities, sclerodermiform, solid and superficial basal cell carcinomas, were subjected to immunohistochemical microscopy and histomorphometric analyses for human α- (DEFA1/3; DEFA4) and β-defensins (hBD1/2/3) and special S100 proteins (S100A4/7/8/9). Thirty specimens of the three entities were evaluated. Analyses were performed by comparing tissue and cellular localization and staining intensities of tumorous with non-tumorous areas. Staining intensities were semiquantitatively examined by using an RGB-based model. Results: Human defensins are present in all three entities of basal cell carcinomas. They all show cytoplasmic immunostaining in cells of the epithelium, stroma and tumor. Notably, human β-defensin3 is accumulated in the cell nuclei of sclerodermiform and superficial basal cell carcinomas. S100A4 and A7 are undetectable in tumor regions. However, S100A4 occurs in cancer-associated stroma cells with nuclear staining in superficial basal cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Two candidates, namely hBD3 and S100A4, might be used as potential clinical tools for evaluating successful surgical resection therapy to avoid aesthetic and functional facial deformation.
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Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020335. [PMID: 36672284 PMCID: PMC9856659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The most common lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with an overall 5-year survival rate of around 20% because NSCLC is a metastatic disease. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying lung cancer metastasis is therefore urgently needed. The tumor microenvironment involves different types of stromal cells and functions as key components in the progression of NSCLC. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells lose their polarity and acquire mesenchymal potential, cancer cells acquire metastatic abilities, as well as cancer stem-cell-like potential. We previously reported that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) interact with lung cancer cells to allow for the acquisition of malignancy and treatment resistance by paracrine loops via EMT signals in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, CAFs regulate the cytotoxic activity of immune cells via various cytokines and chemokines, creating a microenvironment of immune tolerance. Regulation of CAFs can therefore affect immune responses. Recent research has shown several roles of CAFs in NSCLC tumorigenesis, owing to their heterogeneity, so molecular markers of CAFs should be elucidated to better classify tumor-promoting subtypes and facilitate the establishment of CAF-specific targeted therapies. CAF-targeted cancer treatments may suppress EMT and regulate the niche of cancer stem cells and the immunosuppressive network and thus may prove useful for NSCLC treatment through multiple mechanisms.
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The Anti-Cancer Activity of Pentamidine and Its Derivatives (WLC-4059) Is through Blocking the Interaction between S100A1 and RAGE V Domain. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010081. [PMID: 36671465 PMCID: PMC9856166 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100A1 protein in humans is a calcium-binding protein. Upon Ca2+ binding to S100A1 EF-hand motifs, the conformation of S100A1 changes and promotes interactions with target proteins. RAGE consists of three domains: the cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. The extracellular domain consists of C1, C2, and V domains. V domains are the primary receptors for the S100 protein. It was reported several years ago that S100A1 and RAGE V domains interact in a pathway involving S100A1-RAGE signaling, whereby S100A1 binds to the V domain, resulting in RAGE dimerization. The autophosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain initiates a signaling cascade that regulates cell proliferation, cell growth, and tumor formation. In this study, we used pentamidine and a newly synthesized pentamidine analog (WLC-4059) to inhibit the S100A1-RAGE V interaction. 1H-15N HSQC NMR titration was carried out to characterize the interaction between mS100A1 (mutant S100A1, C86S) and pentamidine analogs. We found that pentamidine analogs interact with S100A1 via 1H-15N HSQC NMR spectroscopy. Based on the results, we utilized the HADDOCK program to generate structures of the mS100A1-WLC-4059 binary complex. Interestingly, the binary complex overlapped with the complex crystal structure of the mS100A1-RAGE-V domain, proving that WLC-4059 blocks interaction sites between S100A1 and RAGE-V. A WST-1 cell proliferation assay also supported these results. We conclude that pentamidine analogs could potentially enhance therapeutic approaches against cancers.
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18
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. Junctional epithelium and hemidesmosomes: Tape and rivets for solving the "percutaneous device dilemma" in dental and other permanent implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:178-198. [PMID: 35387164 PMCID: PMC8961425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The percutaneous device dilemma describes etiological factors, centered around the disrupted epithelial tissue surrounding non-remodelable devices, that contribute to rampant percutaneous device infection. Natural percutaneous organs, in particular their extracellular matrix mediating the "device"/epithelium interface, serve as exquisite examples to inspire longer lasting long-term percutaneous device design. For example, the tooth's imperviousness to infection is mediated by the epithelium directly surrounding it, the junctional epithelium (JE). The hallmark feature of JE is formation of hemidesmosomes, cell/matrix adhesive structures that attach surrounding oral gingiva to the tooth's enamel through a basement membrane. Here, the authors survey the multifaceted functions of the JE, emphasizing the role of the matrix, with a particular focus on hemidesmosomes and their five main components. The authors highlight the known (and unknown) effects dental implant - as a model percutaneous device - placement has on JE regeneration and synthesize this information for application to other percutaneous devices. The authors conclude with a summary of bioengineering strategies aimed at solving the percutaneous device dilemma and invigorating greater collaboration between clinicians, bioengineers, and matrix biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Fischer
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Faculty of Odontology, UIC Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/. Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Hicks C, Dhiman A, Barrymore C, Goswami T. Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers, Simulations and Kinetics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:612. [PMID: 36354523 PMCID: PMC9687153 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the predictive capabilities of blood-based biomarkers to quantify traumatic brain injury (TBI). Biomarkers for concussive conditions also known as mild, to moderate and severe TBI identified along with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) that occur due to repeated blows to the head during one's lifetime. Since the pathways of these biomarkers into the blood are not fully understood whether there is disruption in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the time it takes after injury for the expression of the biomarkers to be able to predict the injury effectively, there is a need to understand the protein biomarker structure and other physical properties. The injury events in terms of brain and mechanics are a result of external force with or without the shrapnel, in the wake of a wave result in local tissue damage. Thus, these mechanisms express specific biomarkers kinetics of which reaches half-life within a few hours after injury to few days. Therefore, there is a need to determine the concentration levels that follow injury. Even though current diagnostics linking biomarkers with TBI severity are not fully developed, there is a need to quantify protein structures and their viability after injury. This research was conducted to fully understand the structures of 12 biomarkers by performing molecular dynamics simulations involving atomic movement and energies of forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics software, NAMD and VMD were used to determine and compare the approximate thermodynamic stabilities of the biomarkers and their bonding energies. Five biomarkers used clinically were S100B, GFAP, UCHL1, NF-L and tau, the kinetics obtained from literature show that the concentration values abruptly change with time after injury. For a given protein length, associated number of hydrogen bonds and bond energy describe a lower bound region where proteins self-dissolve and do not have long enough half-life to be detected in the fluids. However, above this lower bound, involving higher number of bonds and energy, we hypothesize that biomarkers will be viable to disrupt the BBB and stay longer to be modeled for kinetics for diagnosis and therefore may help in the discoveries of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Hicks
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Akshima Dhiman
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Chauntel Barrymore
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Tarun Goswami
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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20
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The prognostic role of the immunohistochemical expression of S100 in meningiomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04186-9. [PMID: 35838837 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite best clinical management, meningioma patients experience tumor recurrence. Efforts have been made to improve the prognostic stratification of meningiomas. Recently, a multi-faceted molecular classification suggested that the marker S100 is associated with a favorable outcome, making a further analysis in a larger cohort interesting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunohistochemical staining for S100 was analyzed in 1669 paraffin-embedded meningioma samples. The distribution and association with clinical data and progression-free survival via radiographic tumor recurrence were assessed. RESULTS Of 1669 cases, 218 tumors showed strong S100 expression (13.1%). A significantly higher frequency of S100 positive meningiomas was observed in meningiomas of female patients, tumors with spinal and convexity/falx location, primary tumor surgery, NF2, higher extent of resection, lower WHO CNS grade, adjuvant radiotherapy and recurrence-free tumors during follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed a favorable progression-free survival for meningiomas with S100 expression (p = 0.0059) but not in the multivariate analysis. Higher S100 frequency was independently associated with female gender (p = 0.0003), NF2 (p < 0.0001), tumor location (p < 0.0001) and lower WHO CNS grade (p = 0.0133). CONCLUSIONS The positive prognostic impact of S100 is mostly attributed to the confounding clinical factors gender, tumor location, NF2 status and WHO CNS grade.
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21
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Ting DSJ, Mohammed I, Lakshminarayanan R, Beuerman RW, Dua HS. Host Defense Peptides at the Ocular Surface: Roles in Health and Major Diseases, and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:835843. [PMID: 35783647 PMCID: PMC9243558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.835843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sight is arguably the most important sense in human. Being constantly exposed to the environmental stress, irritants and pathogens, the ocular surface – a specialized functional and anatomical unit composed of tear film, conjunctival and corneal epithelium, lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, and nasolacrimal drainage apparatus – serves as a crucial front-line defense of the eye. Host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides, are evolutionarily conserved molecular components of innate immunity that are found in all classes of life. Since the first discovery of lysozyme in 1922, a wide range of HDPs have been identified at the ocular surface. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, HDPs are increasingly recognized for their wide array of biological functions, including anti-biofilm, immunomodulation, wound healing, and anti-cancer properties. In this review, we provide an updated review on: (1) spectrum and expression of HDPs at the ocular surface; (2) participation of HDPs in ocular surface diseases/conditions such as infectious keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, keratoconus, allergic eye disease, rosacea keratitis, and post-ocular surgery; (3) HDPs that are currently in the development pipeline for treatment of ocular diseases and infections; and (4) future potential of HDP-based clinical pharmacotherapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Shu Jeng Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Darren Shu Jeng Ting
| | - Imran Mohammed
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harminder S. Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Jiang Y, Guo J, Tang X, Wang X, Hao D, Yang H. The Immunological Roles of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881162. [PMID: 35669779 PMCID: PMC9163387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with high mortality and disability. The pathological processes of SCI can usually be described as two stages, namely, primary and acute secondary injuries. Secondary injury produces more significant exacerbations of the initial injury. Among all the mechanisms of secondary damage, infection and inflammatory responses, as the principle culprits in initiating the second phase of SCI, can greatly contribute to the severity of SCI and numerous sequelae after SCI. Therefore, effectively antagonizing pro-inflammatory responses may be a promising treatment strategy to facilitate functional recovery after SCI. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a unique type of glial cells, have increasingly become potential candidates for cell-based therapy in the injured CNS. Strikingly, there is growing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of OECs are associated with the immune properties and secretory functions of these cells responsible for anti-neuroinflammation and immunoregulatory effects, leading to maintenance of the internal microenvironment. Accordingly, a more profound understanding of the mechanism of OEC immunological functions in the treatment of SCI would be beneficial to improve the therapeutic clinical applications of OECs for SCI. In this review, we mainly summarize recent research on the cellular and molecular immune attributes of OECs. The unique biological functions of these cells in promoting neural regeneration are discussed in relation of the development of novel therapies for CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Jiang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangwen Tang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Basic Medical School Academy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Yang,
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23
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Ryczek R, Kwasiborski PJ, Rzeszotarska A, Dymus J, Galas A, Kaźmierczak-Dziuk A, Karasek AM, Mielniczuk M, Buksińska-Lisik M, Korsak J, Krzesiński P. Neuron-Specific Enolase and S100B: The Earliest Predictors of Poor Outcome in Cardiac Arrest. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2344. [PMID: 35566469 PMCID: PMC9102826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proper prognostication is critical in clinical decision-making following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, only a few prognostic tools with reliable accuracy are available within the first 24 h after admission. Aim: To test the value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein measurements at admission as early biomarkers of poor prognosis after OHCA. Methods: We enrolled 82 consecutive patients with OHCA who were unconscious when admitted. NSE and S100B levels were measured at admission, and routine blood tests were performed. Death and poor neurological status at discharge were considered as poor clinical outcomes. We evaluated the optimal cut-off levels for NSE and S100B using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: High concentrations of both biomarkers at admission were significantly associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcome (NSE: odds ratio [OR] 1.042 per 1 ng/dL, [1.007−1.079; p = 0.004]; S100B: OR 1.046 per 50 pg/mL [1.004−1.090; p < 0.001]). The dual-marker approach with cut-off values of ≥27.6 ng/mL and ≥696 ng/mL for NSE and S100B, respectively, identified patients with poor clinical outcomes with 100% specificity. Conclusions: The NSE and S100B-based dual-marker approach allowed for early discrimination of patients with poor clinical outcomes with 100% specificity. The proposed algorithm may shorten the time required to establish a poor prognosis and limit the volume of futile procedures performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ryczek
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (A.G.); (A.K.-D.); (A.M.K.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Przemysław J. Kwasiborski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Regional Hospital in Miedzylesie, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rzeszotarska
- Department of Clinical Transfusion, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Jolanta Dymus
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Galas
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (A.G.); (A.K.-D.); (A.M.K.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Kaźmierczak-Dziuk
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (A.G.); (A.K.-D.); (A.M.K.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna M. Karasek
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (A.G.); (A.K.-D.); (A.M.K.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Mielniczuk
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (A.G.); (A.K.-D.); (A.M.K.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Buksińska-Lisik
- Third Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Korsak
- Department of Clinical Transfusion, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Paweł Krzesiński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (A.G.); (A.K.-D.); (A.M.K.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
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24
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Baker AL, Du L. The Function and Regulation of SAPCD2 in Physiological and Oncogenic Processes. J Cancer 2022; 13:2374-2387. [PMID: 35517423 PMCID: PMC9066194 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Suppressor APC Domain Containing 2 (SAPCD2) gene, also known by its aliases p42.3 and c9orf140, encodes a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 42.3 kDa. It was initially recognized as a cell cycle-associated protein involved in mitotic progression. Since the initial discovery of this gene, emerging evidence has suggested that its functions extend beyond that of regulating cell cycle progression to include modulation of planar polarization of cell progenitors and determination of cell fate throughout embryonic development. The underlying mechanisms driving such functions have been partially elucidated. However, the detailed mechanisms of action remain to be further characterized. The expression level of SAPCD2 is high throughout embryogenesis but is generally absent in healthy postnatal tissues, with restored expression in adult tissues being associated with various disease states. The pathological consequences of its aberrant expression have been investigated, most notably in the development of several types of cancers. The role of SAPCD2 in tumorigenesis has been supported by in vitro, in vivo, and retrospective clinical investigations and the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic function have been partially revealed. The potential of SAPCD2 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of cancers have also been explored and have shown great promise. However, many questions pertaining to its oncogenic mechanisms as well as its value as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target remain to be answered. In addition to its function as an oncogene, an involvement of SAPCD2 in other pathological processes such as inflammation has also been implicated and provides additional directions that warrant future investigation. This article reviews the current understanding of the normal cellular functions of SAPCD2 and the relevance of SAPCD2 in disease development with a primary focus on tumorigenesis. The mechanisms that regulate p43.2 expression, including the potential role of microRNAs in regulating its expression, are also reviewed. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to comprehensively review the published findings regarding the physiological and pathological functions of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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25
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Promiscuity mapping of the S100 protein family using a high-throughput holdup assay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5904. [PMID: 35393447 PMCID: PMC8991199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are small, typically homodimeric, vertebrate-specific EF-hand proteins that establish Ca2+-dependent protein-protein interactions in the intra- and extracellular environment and are overexpressed in various pathologies. There are about 20 distinct human S100 proteins with numerous potential partner proteins. Here, we used a quantitative holdup assay to measure affinity profiles of most members of the S100 protein family against a library of chemically synthetized foldamers. The profiles allowed us to quantitatively map the binding promiscuity of each member towards the foldamer library. Since the library was designed to systematically contain most binary natural amino acid side chain combinations, the data also provide insight into the promiscuity of each S100 protein towards all potential naturally occurring S100 partners in the human proteome. Such information will be precious for future drug design to interfere with S100 related pathologies.
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26
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Mello e Souza T. Unraveling molecular and system processes for fear memory. Neuroscience 2022; 497:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Samangooei M, Farjam M, Etemadifar M, Taheri A, Meshkibaf MH, Movahedi B, Niknam Z, Noroozi S. Evaluation of S100A12 and Apo-A1 plasma level potency in untreated new relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and their family members. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2160. [PMID: 35140322 PMCID: PMC8828754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord and brain. Receptor for advanced glycation end products and Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-AI) have been recommended to have a pathogenic role in the neuroinflammatory disorder as multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this research was to measure the plasma levels of S100A12 and Apo-A1 in the first-degree family of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Plasma levels of S100A12 & Apo-A1 were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the thirty-five new cases of untreated patients with deterministic RRMS according to the McDonald criteria, twenty-four healthy controls, and twenty-six first-degree members of untreated RRMS patients (called them as high-risk group). The main findings of this study were as follows: the plasma level of S100A12 was significantly lower in the new cases of untreated RRMS (P ≤ 0.05; 0.045) and high-risk (P ≤ 0.05; 0.001) groups. Although the plasma protein level of Apo-A1 was reduced significantly in the high-risk group (P < 0.05, P = 0.003) as compared to the healthy control group, there was no significant difference in the untreated RRMS patients (P = 0.379). The plasma level of vitamin D3 in both RRMS patients and high-risk groups displayed significance reduction, although, there was no significant association between vitamin D and S100A12 & Apo-A1 levels. Given the role of S100A12 and Apo-A1 in the inflammatory process performed in the first-degree family members of the RRMS patients, which revealed a significant decrease in this group, we concluded that they can be considered as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of MS, though more research is needed before assuming them as predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Samangooei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Bahram Movahedi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Saam Noroozi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Mechanism of Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ Binding to Human S100A1. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121823. [PMID: 34944467 PMCID: PMC8699212 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A1 is a member of the S100 family of small ubiquitous Ca2+-binding proteins, which participates in the regulation of cell differentiation, motility, and survival. It exists as homo- or heterodimers. S100A1 has also been shown to bind Zn2+, but the molecular mechanisms of this binding are not yet known. In this work, using ESI-MS and ITC, we demonstrate that S100A1 can coordinate 4 zinc ions per monomer, with two high affinity (KD~4 and 770 nm) and two low affinity sites. Using competitive binding experiments between Ca2+ and Zn2+ and QM/MM molecular modeling we conclude that Zn2+ high affinity sites are located in the EF-hand motifs of S100A1. In addition, two lower affinity sites can bind Zn2+ even when the EF-hands are saturated by Ca2+, resulting in a 2Ca2+:S100A1:2Zn2+ conformer. Finally, we show that, in contrast to calcium, an excess of Zn2+ produces a destabilizing effect on S100A1 structure and leads to its aggregation. We also determined a higher affinity to Ca2+ (KD~0.16 and 24 μm) than was previously reported for S100A1, which would allow this protein to function as a Ca2+/Zn2+-sensor both inside and outside cells, participating in diverse signaling pathways under normal and pathological conditions.
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29
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Is Hypomethylated in Psoriasis and Promotes Psoriasis-like Inflammation in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312715. [PMID: 34884515 PMCID: PMC8657998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that DNA hypomethylation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR), one of the epigenetic markers of environmental pollutants, causes skin diseases. However, the function and mechanisms are still unknown. We aimed to determine whether AhRR is hypomethylated in PBMC of psoriasis patients, as well as to examine the expression of psoriasis-related inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides after 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treatment in HaCaT cells overexpressing or silencing AhRR. AhRR was determined by qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry in skin tissue and HaCaT cells. DNA methylation of AhRR was performed by Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip in PBMC of psoriasis patients and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in HaCaT cells. NF-κB pp50 translocation and activity were performed by immunocytochemistry and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. We verified AhRR gene expression in the epidermis from psoriasis patients and healthy controls. AhRR hypomethylation in PBMC of psoriasis patients and pAhRR-HaCaT cells was confirmed. The expression level of AhRR was increased in both TCDD-treated HaCaT cells and pAhRR-HaCaT cells. NF-κB pp50 translocation and activity increased with TCDD. Our results showed that AhRR was hypomethylated and overexpressed in the lesional skin of patients with psoriasis, thereby increasing AhRR gene expression and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines through the NF-κB signaling pathway in TCDD-treated HaCaT cells.
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Li X, Qiu N, Li Q. Prognostic Values and Clinical Significance of S100 Family Member's Individualized mRNA Expression in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:758725. [PMID: 34804125 PMCID: PMC8595214 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. S100 family (S100s) is wildly involved in regulating the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance of many malignant tumors. However, the expression pattern, prognostic value, and oncological role of individual S100s members in PAAD need to be elucidated. Methods: The transcriptional expression levels of S100s were analyzed through the Oncomine and GEPIA, respectively. The protein levels of S100s members in PAAD were studied by Human Protein Atlas. The correlation between S100 mRNA expression and overall survival and tumor stage in PAAD patients was studied by GEPIA. The transcriptional expression correlation and gene mutation rate of S100s members in PAAD patients were explored by cBioPortal. The co-expression networks of S100s are identified using STRING and Gene MANIA to predict their potential functions. The correlation of S100s expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was tested by TIMER. Pathway activity and drug target analyzed by GSCALite. Results: 13 S100s members were upregulated in PAAD tissues. 15 S100s members were associated with TP53 mutation. Expression levels of S100A3/A5/A6/A10/A11/A14/A16/B/P/Z were significantly correlated with the pathological stage. Prognosis analysis demonstrated that PAAD patients with low mRNA levels of S100A1/B/Z or high levels of S100A2/A3/A5/A10/A11/A14/A16 had a poor prognosis. Immuno-infiltration analysis showed that the mRNA levels of S100A10/A11/A14/A16 were correlated with the infiltration degree of macrophages in PAAD. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that PAAD expressing high levels of S100A2/A6/A10/A11/A13/A14/A16 maybe resistant to small molecule drugs. Conclusion: This study identifies the clinical significance and biological functions of the S100s in PAAD, which may provide novel insights for the selection of prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Guangdong Southern Marine Science & Engineering Laboratory (Guangzhou), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Disulfide Dimerization of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1: Implications for Zinc and Redox Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212602. [PMID: 34830487 PMCID: PMC8623652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a four-EF-hand ubiquitous signaling protein modulating neuronal function and survival, which participates in neurodegeneration and carcinogenesis. NCS-1 recognizes specific sites on cellular membranes and regulates numerous targets, including G-protein coupled receptors and their kinases (GRKs). Here, with the use of cellular models and various biophysical and computational techniques, we demonstrate that NCS-1 is a redox-sensitive protein, which responds to oxidizing conditions by the formation of disulfide dimer (dNCS-1), involving its single, highly conservative cysteine C38. The dimer content is unaffected by the elevation of intracellular calcium levels but increases to 10–30% at high free zinc concentrations (characteristic of oxidative stress), which is accompanied by accumulation of the protein in punctual clusters in the perinuclear area. The formation of dNCS-1 represents a specific Zn2+-promoted process, requiring proper folding of the protein and occurring at redox potential values approaching apoptotic levels. The dimer binds Ca2+ only in one EF-hand per monomer, thereby representing a unique state, with decreased α-helicity and thermal stability, increased surface hydrophobicity, and markedly improved inhibitory activity against GRK1 due to 20-fold higher affinity towards the enzyme. Furthermore, dNCS-1 can coordinate zinc and, according to molecular modeling, has an asymmetrical structure and increased conformational flexibility of the subunits, which may underlie their enhanced target-binding properties. In HEK293 cells, dNCS-1 can be reduced by the thioredoxin system, otherwise accumulating as protein aggregates, which are degraded by the proteasome. Interestingly, NCS-1 silencing diminishes the susceptibility of Y79 cancer cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, suggesting that NCS-1 may mediate redox-regulated pathways governing cell death/survival in response to oxidative conditions.
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Ismail TM, Gross SR, Lancaster T, Rudland PS, Barraclough R. The Role of the C-Terminal Lysine of S100P in S100P-Induced Cell Migration and Metastasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101471. [PMID: 34680103 PMCID: PMC8533620 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S100P protein is a potent inducer of metastasis in a model system, and its presence in cancer cells of patients is strongly associated with their reduced survival times. A well-established Furth Wistar rat metastasis model system, methods for measuring cell migration, and specific inhibitors were used to study pathways of motility-driven metastasis. Cells expressing C-terminal mutant S100P proteins display markedly-reduced S100P-driven metastasis in vivo and cell migration in vitro. These cells fail to display the low focal adhesion numbers observed in cells expressing wild-type S100P, and the mutant S100P proteins exhibit reduced biochemical interaction with non-muscle myosin heavy chain isoform IIA in vitro. Extracellular inhibitors of the S100P-dependent plasminogen activation pathway reduce, but only in part, wild-type S100P-dependent cell migration; they are without effect on S100P-negative cells or cells expressing C-terminal mutant S100P proteins and have no effect on the numbers of focal adhesions. Recombinant wild-type S100P protein, added extracellularly to S100P-negative cells, stimulates cell migration, which is abolished by these inhibitors. The results identify at least two S100P-dependent pathways of migration, one cell surface and the other intracellularly-linked, and identify its C-terminal lysine as a target for inhibiting multiple migration-promoting activities of S100P protein and S100P-driven metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M. Ismail
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.R.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Tara Lancaster
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (P.S.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.G.); (R.B.)
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33
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Du J, Yi M, Zhou F, He W, Yang A, Qiu M, Huang H. S100B is selectively expressed by gray matter protoplasmic astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes in the developing CNS. Mol Brain 2021; 14:154. [PMID: 34615523 PMCID: PMC8496084 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the development of central nervous system (CNS) primarily rely on the use of specific molecular markers for different types of neural cells. S100B is widely being used as a specific marker for astrocytes in the CNS. However, the specificity of its expression in astrocyte lineage has not been systematically investigated and thus has remained a lingering issue. In this study, we provide several lines of molecular and genetic evidences that S100B is expressed in both protoplasmic astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes. In the developing spinal cord, S100B is first expressed in the ventral neuroepithelial cells, and later in ALDH1L1+/GS+ astrocytes in the gray matter. Meanwhile, nearly all the S100B+ cells in the white matter are SOX10+/MYRF+ oligodendrocytes. Consistent with this observation, S100B expression is selectively lost in the white matter in Olig2-null mutants in which oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are not produced, and dramatically reduced in Myrf-conditional knockout mutants in which OPCs fail to differentiate. Similar expression patterns of S100B are observed in the developing forebrain. Based on these molecular and genetic studies, we conclude that S100B is not a specific marker for astrocyte lineage; instead, it marks protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter and differentiating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wanjun He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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34
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Zhang X, Ong C, Su G, Liu J, Xu D. Characterization and engineering of S100A12-heparan sulfate interactions. Glycobiology 2021; 30:463-473. [PMID: 31942981 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A12, an EF-hand calcium-binding protein, can be secreted by a variety of cell types and plays proinflammatory roles in a number of pathological conditions. Although S100A12 has been shown to interact with heparan sulfate (HS), the molecular detail of the interaction remains unclear. Here we investigate the structural basis of S100A12-HS interaction and how the interaction is regulated by the availability of divalent cations and the oligomeric states of S100A12. We discovered that S100A12-HS interaction requires calcium, while zinc can further enhance binding by inducing S100A12 hexamerization. In contrast, the apo form and zinc-induced tetramer form were unable to bind HS. Guided by the crystal structures of S100A12, we have identified the HS-binding site of S100A12 by site-directed mutagenesis. Characterization of the HS-binding site of S100A12 allowed us to convert the non-HS-binding apo and tetramer forms of S100A12 into a high affinity HS-binding variant by engineering a single-point mutation. Using a HS oligosaccharide microarray, we demonstrated that the N43K mutant displayed markedly enhanced selectivity toward longer HS oligosaccharides compared to the WT S100A12, likely due to the expanded dimension of the reengineered HS-binding site in the mutant. This unexpected finding strongly suggests that HS-binding sites of proteins might be amenable for engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Chihyean Ong
- Department of Oral Biology, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Division of Chemical biology and Natural Product, School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical biology and Natural Product, School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
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35
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Király N, Thalwieser Z, Fonódi M, Csortos C, Boratkó A. Dephosphorylation of annexin A2 by protein phosphatase 1 regulates endothelial cell barrier. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1257-1268. [PMID: 34331392 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a multifunctional protein expressed in nearly all human tissues and cell types, playing a role in various signaling pathways. It is subjected to phosphorylation, but no specific protein phosphatase has been identified in its posttranslational regulation yet. Using pull-down assay followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis we found that ANXA2 interacts with TIMAP (TGF-beta-inhibited membrane-associated protein) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. TIMAP is highly expressed in endothelial cells, where it acts as a regulatory and targeting subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). TIMAP plays an important role in the regulation of the endothelial barrier maintenance through the dephosphorylation of its several substrate proteins. In the present work, phosphorylation of Ser25 side chain in ANXA2 by protein kinase C (PKC) was shown both in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation level of ANXA2 at Ser25 increased greatly by inhibition of PP1 and by depletion of its regulatory subunit, TIMAP, implying a role of this PP1 holoenzyme in the dephosphorylation of ANXA2. Immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionations revealed a diffuse subcellular localization for the endogenous ANXA2, but phospho-Ser25 ANXA2 was mainly detected in the membrane. ANXA2 depletion lowered the basal endothelial barrier and inhibited cell migration, but had no significant effect on cell proliferation or viability. ANXA2 depleted cells failed to respond to PMA treatment, indicating an intimately involvement of phospho-ANXA2 in PKC signaling. Moreover, phosphorylation of ANXA2 disrupted its interaction with S100A10 suggesting a phosphorylation dependent multiple regulatory role of ANXA2 in endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate the pivotal role of PKC-ANXA2-PP1 pathway in endothelial cell signaling, especially in barrier function and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Király
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Thalwieser
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márton Fonódi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Csortos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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36
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Zhang L, Zhu T, Miao H, Liang B. The Calcium Binding Protein S100A11 and Its Roles in Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693262. [PMID: 34179021 PMCID: PMC8226020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium binding protein S100 family in humans contains 21 known members, with each possessing a molecular weight between 10 and 14 kDa. These proteins are characterized by a unique helix-loop-helix EF hand motif, and often form dimers and multimers. The S100 family mainly exists in vertebrates and exerts its biological functions both inside cells as a calcium sensor/binding protein, as well as outside cells. S100A11, a member of the S100 family, may mediate signal transduction in response to internal or external stimuli and it plays various roles in different diseases such as cancers, metabolic disease, neurological diseases, and vascular calcification. In addition, it can function as chemotactic agent in inflammatory disease. In this review, we first detail the discovery of S100 proteins and their structural features, and then specifically focus on the tissue and organ expression of S100A11. We also summarize its biological activities and roles in different disease and signaling pathways, providing an overview of S100A11 research thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huilai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Dongguan Liaobu Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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37
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Moysa A, Steczkiewicz K, Niedzialek D, Hammerschmid D, Zhukova L, Sobott F, Dadlez M. A model of full-length RAGE in complex with S100B. Structure 2021; 29:989-1002.e6. [PMID: 33887170 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an immunoglobulin-type multiligand transmembrane protein expressed in numerous cell types, including the central nervous system cells. RAGE interaction with S100B, released during brain tissue damage, leads to RAGE upregulation and initialization of a spiral proinflammatory associated with different neural disorders. Here, we present the structural characterization of the hetero-oligomeric complex of the full-length RAGE with S100B, obtained by a combination of mass spectrometry-based methods and molecular modeling. We predict that RAGE functions as a tightly packed tetramer exposing a positively charged surface formed by V domains for S100B binding. Based on HDX results we demonstrate an allosteric coupling of the distal extracellular V domains and the transmembrane region, indicating a possible mechanism of signal transmission by RAGE across the membrane. Our model provides an insight into RAGE-ligand interactions, providing a basis for the rational design of the therapeutic modifiers of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Moysa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Steczkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Niedzialek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dietmar Hammerschmid
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, UK; Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lilia Zhukova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Frank Sobott
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK; Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Christmann C, Zenker S, Martens L, Hübner J, Loser K, Vogl T, Roth J. Interleukin 17 Promotes Expression of Alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 During the Inflammatory Response of Keratinocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:599947. [PMID: 33643287 PMCID: PMC7906991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases. Expression and secretion of two pro-inflammatory molecules of the S100-alarmin family, S100A8 and S100A9, in keratinocytes is a hallmark of psoriasis, which is also characterized by an altered differentiation of keratinocytes. Dimers of S100A8/S100A9 (calprotectin) bind to Toll-like receptor 4 and induce an inflammatory response in target cells. Targeted deletion of S100A9 reduced the inflammatory phenotype of psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. A role of S100-alarmins in differentiation and activation of keratinocytes was suggested but has been never shown in primary keratinocytes. We now confirm that induction of S100-alarmins in an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasis-like skin inflammation was associated with an increased expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-17A, or TNFα. This association was confirmed in transcriptome data obtained from controls, lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients, and a down-regulation of S100-alarmin expression after IL-17 directed therapy. However, analyzing primary S100A9−/− keratinocytes we found that expression of S100A8/S100A9 has no significant role for the maturation and inflammatory response pattern of keratinocytes. Moreover, keratinocytes are no target cells for the pro-inflammatory effects of S100A8/S100A9. However, different cytokines, especially IL-17A and F, highly abundant in psoriasis, strongly induced expression of S100-alarmins preferentially during early maturation stages of keratinocytes. Our data indicate that expression of S100A8 and S100A9 does not primarily influence maturation or activation of keratinocytes but rather represents the inflammatory response of these cells during psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Leonie Martens
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Janina Hübner
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Human Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Faculty VI - Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Application of Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010063. [PMID: 33401557 PMCID: PMC7824401 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a highly prevalent syndrome that impairs the quality of life of the patients; however, its diagnosis is complex and mainly centered on pain symptoms. The study of salivary biomarkers has proven highly useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of numerous diseases. The objective of this review was to gather published data on the utilization of salivary biomarkers to facilitate and complement the diagnosis of FM. Salivary biomarkers used in FM diagnosis include cortisol; calgranulin; and the enzymes α-amylase, transaldolase, and phosphoglycerate mutase. Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, cytokines interleukin 1-β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, interleukin 17, tumor necrosis factor α, and various chemokines may serve as salivary biomarkers, given observations of their increased serum levels in patients with FM. Further research is warranted to study in depth the role and performance of biomarkers currently used in FM diagnosis/prognosis and to identify novel salivary biomarkers for this disease.
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40
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Soliman SA. Morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype of TCs in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp and their potential role in intestinal immunity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14039. [PMID: 32820212 PMCID: PMC7441181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated telocytes (TCs) in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp using light microscopy (LM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By LM, TCs were distinguished by the typical morphological features that had a cell body and telopodes using HE, toluidine blue, methylene blue, Marsland silver stain, Grimelius's silver nitrate, Giemsa, PAS, combined AB pH2,5/PAS, Crossmon's and Mallory triple trichrome, Van Gieson stains, Verhoeff's stain, Sudan black, osmic acid, performic acid with methylene blue and bromophenol blue. TCs were identified under the epithelium as an individual cell or formed a TCs sheath. They detected in the lamina propria, between muscle fibers, around the myenteric plexus and fibrous tissue. TCs acquired immunological features of endocrine cells that exhibited high affinity for silver stain, performic acid with methylene blue, Marsland stain, and immunohistochemical staining using chromogranin A. Sub epithelial TCs were closely related to the endocrine cells. TCs and their secretory activities were recognized using acridine orange. TCs were identified by IHC using CD34, CD117, S100-protein, desmin. TCs formed a3D network that established contact with macrophage, mast cells, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, smooth muscle fibers, fibroblast, Schwann cells and nerve fibers. In conclusion, the localization of TCs in relation to different types of immune cells indicated their potential role in the maintenance of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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41
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Riesco N, Cernuda‐Morollón E, Martínez‐Camblor P, Pérez‐Pereda S, Pascual J. Peripheral, Interictal Serum S100B Levels are Not Increased in Chronic Migraine Patients. Headache 2020; 60:1705-1711. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Riesco
- Service of Neurology University Hospital Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | - Pablo Martínez‐Camblor
- Biomedical Data Sciences Department Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH USA
| | - Sara Pérez‐Pereda
- Service of Neurology University Hospital Marqués de ValdecillaIDIVAL and University of Cantabria Santander Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Service of Neurology University Hospital Marqués de ValdecillaIDIVAL and University of Cantabria Santander Spain
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42
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Weisz J, Uversky VN. Zooming into the Dark Side of Human Annexin-S100 Complexes: Dynamic Alliance of Flexible Partners. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165879. [PMID: 32824294 PMCID: PMC7461550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexins and S100 proteins form two large families of Ca2+-binding proteins. They are quite different both structurally and functionally, with S100 proteins being small (10–12 kDa) acidic regulatory proteins from the EF-hand superfamily of Ca2+-binding proteins, and with annexins being at least three-fold larger (329 ± 12 versus 98 ± 7 residues) and using non-EF-hand-based mechanism for calcium binding. Members of both families have multiple biological roles, being able to bind to a large cohort of partners and possessing a multitude of functions. Furthermore, annexins and S100 proteins can interact with each other in either a Ca2+-dependent or Ca2+-independent manner, forming functional annexin-S100 complexes. Such functional polymorphism and binding indiscrimination are rather unexpected, since structural information is available for many annexins and S100 proteins, which therefore are considered as ordered proteins that should follow the classical “one protein–one structure–one function” model. On the other hand, the ability to be engaged in a wide range of interactions with multiple, often unrelated, binding partners and possess multiple functions represent characteristic features of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs); i.e., functional proteins or protein regions lacking unique tertiary structures. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the functional roles of human annexins and S100 proteins, and to use the protein intrinsic disorder perspective to explain their exceptional multifunctionality and binding promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Weisz
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-5816 (ext. 123); Fax: +1-813-974-7357
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Zhang X, Lao K, Qiu Z, Rahman MS, Zhang Y, Gou X. Potential Astrocytic Receptors and Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:1109-1122. [PMID: 30741675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the progressive loss of memory and cognition in the aging population. However, the etiology of and therapies for AD remain far from understood. Astrocytes, the most abundant neuroglia in the brain, have recently aroused substantial concern due to their involvement in synaptotoxicity, amyloidosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the candidate molecules of astrocytes, especially receptors and transporters, that may be involved in AD pathogenesis. These molecules include excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), S100β, and cannabinoid receptors. We describe the characteristics of these molecules and the neurological and pharmacological underpinnings of these molecules in AD. Among these molecules, EAATs, A2AR, and mGluR5 are strongly related to glutamate-mediated synaptotoxicity and are involved in glutamate transmission or the clearance of extrasynaptic glutamate in the AD brain. The α7-nAChR, CaSR, and mGluR5 are receptors of Aβ and can induce a plethora of toxic effects, such as the production of excess Aβ, synaptotoxicity, and NO production triggered by changes in intracellular calcium signaling. Antagonists or positive allosteric modulators of these receptors can repair cognitive ability and modify neurobiological changes. Moreover, blocking S100β or activating cannabinoid receptors reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and reactive astrogliosis. Thus, targeting these molecules might provide alternative approaches for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Kejing Lao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhongying Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Seo JS, Svenningsson P. Modulation of Ion Channels and Receptors by p11 (S100A10). Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:487-497. [PMID: 32418644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p11 (S100A10, annexin II light chain, calpactin I light chain) is a multifunctional protein that forms a heterotetrameric complex with Annexin A2, particularly at cell membranes. p11, alone or together with Annexin A2, interacts with several ion channels and receptors and regulates their cellular localization and function. Altered levels of p11 are implicated in the pathophysiology of several forms of cancer, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegeneration. Via interactions with ion channels and receptors, p11 modulates therapeutic actions of drugs targeting brain disorders. By serving as a plasminogen receptor, p11 plays an important role in plasmin generation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms whereby p11 regulates functions of ion channels and receptors in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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S100A13 promotes senescence-associated secretory phenotype and cellular senescence via modulation of non-classical secretion of IL-1α. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:549-572. [PMID: 30670674 PMCID: PMC6366962 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells display the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which plays important roles in cancer, aging, etc. Cell surface-bound IL-1α is a crucial SASP factor and acts as an upstream regulator to induce NF-κB activity and subsequent SASP genes transcription. IL-1α exports to cell surface via S100A13 protein-dependent non-classical secretory pathway. However, the status of this secretory pathway during cellular senescence and its role in cellular senescence remain unknown. Here, we show that S100A13 is up-regulated in various types of cellular senescence. S100A13 overexpression increases cell surface-associated IL-1α level, NF-κB activity and subsequent multiple SASP genes induction, whereas S100A13 knockdown has an opposite role. We also exhibit that Cu2+ level is elevated during cellular senescence. Lowering Cu2+ level decreases cell surface-bound IL-1α level, NF-κB activity and SASP production. Moreover, S100A13 overexpression promotes oncogene Ras-induced cell senescence (Ras OIS), Doxorubicin-induced cancer cell senescence (TIS) and replicative senescence, while impairment of non-classical secretory pathway of IL-1α delays cellular senescence. In addition, intervention of S100A13 affects multiple SASP and cellular senescence mediators including p38, γ-H2AX, and mTORC1. Taken together, our findings unveil a critical role of the non-classical secretory pathway of IL-1α in cellular senescence and SASP regulation.
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Liu M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xin C, Ma J, Xu S, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang X, Yang S. Non‑invasive proteome‑wide quantification of skin barrier‑related proteins using label‑free LC‑MS/MS analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2227-2235. [PMID: 32186761 PMCID: PMC7115193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidermal proteins are closely related to skin barrier function, the abnormalities of which can lead to specific skin diseases. These proteins must be quantified to further investigate the changes in the skin barrier between healthy and disease states. However, the non-invasive and proteome-wide quantification of skin proteins without any labelling steps remains a challenge. In this study, 3M medical adhesive tapes were used to obtain skin samples from volunteers. Proteins were extracted from fresh skin samples and digested with trypsin. Each tryptic peptide was analysed in three replicates using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis and label-free quantification. The data were searched against the Human Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) to match with known proteins. Using this method, 1,157 skin proteins recorded in the UniProt were quantified. A total of 50 identical proteins were identified in the three replicate analyses of all samples with no significant differences in abundance. The results provided an objective metric for further study of skin ageing and various skin diseases. Specifically, the non-invasive proteome-wide method used in this study can be applied to future studies of skin diseases related to barrier destruction by monitoring the changes in the levels of epidermal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yaochi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Cong Xin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Simon MA, Ecsédi P, Kovács GM, Póti ÁL, Reményi A, Kardos J, Gógl G, Nyitray L. High-throughput competitive fluorescence polarization assay reveals functional redundancy in the S100 protein family. FEBS J 2020; 287:2834-2846. [PMID: 31837246 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-binding, vertebrate-specific S100 protein family consists of 20 paralogs in humans (referred as the S100ome), with several clinically important members. To explore their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) quantitatively, we have chosen an unbiased, high-throughput, competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) assay that revealed a partial functional redundancy when the complete S100ome (n = 20) was tested against numerous model partners (n = 13). Based on their specificity, the S100ome can be grouped into two distinct classes: promiscuous and orphan. In the first group, members bound to several ligands (> 4-5) with comparable high affinity, while in the second one, the paralogs bound only one partner weakly, or no ligand was identified. Our results demonstrate that FP assays are highly suitable for quantitative interaction profiling of selected protein families. Moreover, we provide evidence that PPI-based phenotypic characterization can complement or even exceed the information obtained from the sequence-based phylogenetic analysis of the S100ome, an evolutionary young protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton A Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ecsédi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám L Póti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gógl
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Li C, Ma Y, Fei F, Zheng M, Li Z, Zhao Q, Du J, Liu K, Lu R, Zhang S. Critical role and its underlying molecular events of the plasminogen receptor, S100A10 in malignant tumor and non-tumor diseases. J Cancer 2020; 11:826-836. [PMID: 31949486 PMCID: PMC6959022 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A10 is a small molecular weight protein expressed in the cytoplasm of many cells and one of the members of the S100 protein family that binds calcium and forms the largest subgroup of EF-hand proteins. The regulatory processes of S100A10 are complicated. S100A10 participates in the regulation of a variety of tumor and non-tumor diseases through cascade reactions with multitudinous signaling molecules. In malignant tumors, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and lung cancer, S100A10 is likely involved in their progression, including invasion and metastasis through the regulation of plasmin production and subsequent plasmin-dependent stimulation of other proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. Both the plasmin and MMPs are capable of inducing degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane, which is a critical step for tumor progression. In non-tumor diseases, the distribution of S100A10 in the brain and its interaction with 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptor, an important mediator in the central nervous system that maintains a dynamic balance of the neurotransmitters, correlates with depression-like behavior. S100A10 also participates in inflammatory responses through the regulation of peripheral macrophage migration to the inflammatory sites, which depends on the generation of plasmin and other proteinases at the surface of macrophages. Considerable attention should be paid to understand the significant role of S100A10 in the modulation of malignant tumor and non-tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of ophthalmology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zugui Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Lee J, Kumar S, Lee SY, Park SJ, Kim MH. Development of Predictive Models for Identifying Potential S100A9 Inhibitors Based on Machine Learning Methods. Front Chem 2019; 7:779. [PMID: 31824919 PMCID: PMC6886474 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A9 is a potential therapeutic target for various disease including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the sparsity of atomic level data, such as protein-protein interaction of S100A9 with RAGE, TLR4/MD2, or CD147 (EMMPRIN) hinders the rational drug design of S100A9 inhibitors. Herein we first report predictive models of S100A9 inhibitory effect by applying machine learning classifiers on 2D-molecular descriptors. The models were optimized through feature selectors as well as classifiers to produce the top eight random forest models with robust predictability and high cost-effectiveness. Notably, optimal feature sets were obtained after the reduction of 2,798 features into dozens of features with the chopping of fingerprint bits. Moreover, the high efficiency of compact feature sets allowed us to further screen a large-scale dataset (over 6,000,000 compounds) within a week. Through a consensus vote of the top models, 46 hits (hit rate = 0.000713%) were identified as potential S100A9 inhibitors. We expect that our models will facilitate the drug discovery process by providing high predictive power as well as cost-reduction ability and give insights into designing novel drugs targeting S100A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School and Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Hao Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Zhu X, Teng X, Sun Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Jing R, Lei J, Li J, Bao X, Wang C, Wang Y, Wan J. The nuclear-localized PPR protein OsNPPR1 is important for mitochondrial function and endosperm development in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4705-4720. [PMID: 31087099 PMCID: PMC6760278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins constitute one of the largest protein families in land plants. Recent studies revealed the functions of PPR proteins in organellar RNA metabolism and plant development, but the functions of most PPR proteins, especially PPRs localized in the nucleus, remain largely unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a rice mutant named floury and growth retardation1 (fgr1). fgr1 showed floury endosperm with loosely arranged starch grains, decreased starch and amylose contents, and retarded seedling growth. Map-based cloning showed that the mutant phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the coding region of Os08g0290000. This gene encodes a nuclear-localized PPR protein, which we named OsNPPR1, that affected mitochondrial function. In vitro SELEX and RNA-EMSAs showed that OsNPPR1 was an RNA protein that bound to the CUCAC motif. Moreover, a number of retained intron (RI) events were detected in fgr1. Thus, OsNPPR1 was involved in regulation of mitochondrial development and/or functions that are important for endosperm development. Our results provide novel insights into coordinated interaction between nuclear-localized PPR proteins and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yinglun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Correspondence: ; ; or
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Correspondence: ; ; or
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