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Safak O, Yildirim T, Emren V, Avci E, Argan O, Aktas Z, Yildirim SE, Akgun DE, Kisacik HL. Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Predictor of No-Reflow Occurrence in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology 2024; 75:689-695. [PMID: 37553838 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231193223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status and its index (Prognostic Nutritional Index, PNI) is an important prognostic factor for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The present study investigated whether PNI it is associated with no-reflow in patients with STEMI. In this retrospective study, 404 patients with STEMI and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were consecutively included, between January 2016 and December 2018. No-reflow phenomenon (NRP) was detected in 103 (25.4%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis C-reactive protein (CRP) (odds ratio (OR): 1.693, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.126-2.547, P = .011), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR: 0.777, 95% CI: 0.678-0.891, P < .001), SYNTAX score (OR: 1.114, 95% CI: 1.050-1.183, P = .001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.013-1.055, P = .002), hemoglobin level (OR: 0.572, 95% CI: 0.395-0.827, P = .003), PNI (OR: 0.554, 95% CI: 0.448-0.686, P < .001) were associated with NRP. The area under curve of PNI was significantly higher than albumin (z = 4.747, P < .001) and lymphocyte values (z = 3.481 P < .001). PNI was associated with no-reflow occurrence and mortality. So, PNI may be useful to predict NRP risk in patients with STEMI before pPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgen Safak
- Department of Cardiology, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Tarik Yildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Emren
- Department of Cardiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Eyup Avci
- Department of Cardiology, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Onur Argan
- Department of Cardiology, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Zihni Aktas
- Department of Cardiology, Balıkesir State Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | | | - Didar Elif Akgun
- Department of Cardiology, Kırklareli Training and Research Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey
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2
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Tiryaki MM, Emren SV, Gursoy MO, Kiris T, Esin F, Esen S, Karaca M, Nazli C. The Relationship Between Controlling Nutritional Assessment Score and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Study from Türkiye. Niger J Clin Pract 2024; 27:612-619. [PMID: 38842711 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_769_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling Nutritional Assessment (CONUT) score has been shown to have a higher predictive value compared to other nutritional scores in acute coronary syndrome. AIM To determine the relationship between CONUT score and long-term mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). METHODS Between 2017 and 2020, 585 consecutive patients newly diagnosed and proven to have CCS by coronary angiography were included in the study. CONUT score and demographic and laboratory data of all patients were evaluated. The relationship between results and mortality was evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 64 years and 75% were male. Mortality was observed in 56 (9.6%) patients after a median follow-up period of 3.5 years. The median CONUT score was significantly higher in patients with mortality (P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, the CONUT score was associated with mortality (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-1.98 P < 0.001)). The area under curve (AUC) for long-term mortality estimation for the CONUT score was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.82 P < 0.001). When the CONUT score value was accepted as 0.5, the sensitivity was 78% and the specificity was 60. CONCLUSION CONUT score was found to be predictive of mortality in long-term follow-up of patients with CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Tiryaki
- Department of Cardiology, Bulanik State Hospital, Mus, Turkiye
| | - S V Emren
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - M O Gursoy
- Department of Cardiology, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - T Kiris
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - F Esin
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - S Esen
- Department of Cardiology, Tunceli State Hospital, Tunceli, Turkiye
| | - M Karaca
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - C Nazli
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
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3
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Zhou M, Luo Q, Xu Y. As an inhibitor of norepinephrine release, dexmedetomidine provides no improvement on stroke-associated pneumonia in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1203646. [PMID: 37601052 PMCID: PMC10433391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is commonly employed as a sedative agent to attenuate sympathetic tone and reduce norepinephrine (NE) levels. In the context of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), which is believed to arise from heightened sympathetic nervous system activity and elevated NE release, the precise influence of DEX remains uncertain. Methods: In this study, we generated an SAP model using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and examined NE levels, immunological statuses in the brain and periphery, pneumonia symptoms, and extent of infarction. We aimed to determine the effects of DEX on SAP and explore the underlying. Despite its potential to reduce NE levels, DEX did not alleviate SAP symptoms or decrease the infarct area. Interestingly, DEX led to an increase in spleen size and spleen index. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the CD3+ T cell population in both the blood and brain, but an increase in the spleen following DEX administration. The precise mechanism linking decreased CD3+ T cells and DEX's role in SAP requires further investigation. Conclusion: The clinical use of DEX in stroke patients should be approached with caution, considering its inability to alleviate SAP symptoms and reduce the infarct area. Further research is necessary to fully understand the relationship between decreased CD3+ T cells and DEX's influence on SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Younian Xu
- Anesthesiology Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Chen Y, Chen S, Han Y, Xu Q, Zhao X. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio are Important Indicators for Predicting in-Hospital Death in Elderly AMI Patients. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2051-2061. [PMID: 37215380 PMCID: PMC10198281 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s411086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte(PLR) in predicting the risk of in-hospital mortality in elderly acute myocardial infarction(AMI) patients. Methods This study was a single-center, retrospective and observational study. From December 2015 to December 2021, a total of 1550 elderly patients (age ≥ 60 years) with AMI with complete clinical history data were enrolled in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Routine blood tests were performed on admission, and NLR and PLR were calculated based on neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts. Outcome was defined as all-cause mortality during hospitalization. Cox regression and restricted spline cubic(RCS) models were used to evaluate the association of NLR and in-hospital mortality risk and the association of PLR with in-hospital mortality risk, respectively. Results (1) A total of 132 (8.5%) patients died during hospitalization. From the results of blood routine, the white blood cell, neutrophil, NLR and PLR in the death group were higher than those in the non-death group, while the lymphocyte was lower than that in the non-death group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) The results of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves analysis showed that the predictive ability of NLR (AUC = 0.790) for in-hospital death was better than that of PLR (AUC = 0.637). (3) Multivariate Cox proportional regression hazard models showed that high NLR was associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality in elderly AMI patients (HR = 3.091, 95% CI 2.097-4.557, P < 0.001), while high PLR was not. (4) RCS models showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between NLR and in-hospital death (P for nonlinear = 0.0007). Conclusion High NLR (> 6.69) is associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with AMI and can be an independent predictor of poor short-term prognosis in elderly patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
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Mackie PM, Gopinath A, Montas DM, Nielsen A, Smith A, Nolan RA, Runner K, Matt SM, McNamee J, Riklan JE, Adachi K, Doty A, Ramirez-Zamora A, Yan L, Gaskill PJ, Streit WJ, Okun MS, Khoshbouei H. Functional characterization of the biogenic amine transporters on human macrophages. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151892. [PMID: 35015729 PMCID: PMC8876465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages are key players in tissue homeostasis and diseases regulated by a variety of signaling molecules. Recent literature has highlighted the ability for biogenic amines to regulate macrophage functions, but the mechanisms governing biogenic amine signaling in and around immune cells remains nebulous. In the central nervous system (CNS), biogenic amine transporters are regarded as the master regulators of neurotransmitter signaling. While we and others have shown that macrophages express these transporters, relatively little is known of their function in these cells. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigated the function of norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT) transporters on human monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that both NET and DAT are present and can uptake substrate from the extracellular space at baseline. Not only was DAT expressed in cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but it was also detected in a subset of intestinal macrophages in situ. Surprisingly, we discovered a NET-independent, DAT-mediated immuno-modulatory mechanism in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced reverse transport of dopamine through DAT, engaging an autocrine/paracrine signaling loop that regulated the macrophage response. Removing this signaling loop enhanced the pro-inflammatory response to LPS. Collectively, our data introduce a potential role for DAT in the regulation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Mackie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Insitute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Dominic M Montas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Aidan Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Rachel A Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John McNamee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Joshua E Riklan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Kengo Adachi
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Plank Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States of America
| | - Andria Doty
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Long Yan
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Plank Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States of America
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Michael S Okun
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
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6
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Slominski RM, Sarna T, Płonka PM, Raman C, Brożyna AA, Slominski AT. Melanoma, Melanin, and Melanogenesis: The Yin and Yang Relationship. Front Oncol 2022; 12:842496. [PMID: 35359389 PMCID: PMC8963986 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.842496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin pigment plays a critical role in the protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and other environmental stressors. It is produced by the enzymatic transformation of L-tyrosine to dopaquinone and subsequent chemical and biochemical reactions resulting in the formation of various 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) oligomers-main constituents of eumelanin, and benzothiazine and benzothiazole units of pheomelanin. The biosynthesis of melanin is regulated by sun exposure and by many hormonal factors at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. While the presence of melanin protects against the development of skin cancers including cutaneous melanoma, its presence may be necessary for the malignant transformation of melanocytes. This shows a complex role of melanogenesis in melanoma development defined by chemical properties of melanin and the nature of generating pathways such as eu- and pheomelanogenesis. While eumelanin is believed to provide radioprotection and photoprotection by acting as an efficient antioxidant and sunscreen, pheomelanin, being less photostable, can generate mutagenic environment after exposure to the short-wavelength UVR. Melanogenesis by itself and its highly reactive intermediates show cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities, and it can stimulate glycolysis and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) activation, which, combined with their immunosuppressive effects, can lead to melanoma progression and resistance to immunotherapy. On the other hand, melanogenesis-related proteins can be a target for immunotherapy. Interestingly, clinicopathological analyses on advanced melanomas have shown a negative correlation between tumor pigmentation and diseases outcome as defined by overall survival and disease-free time. This indicates a "Yin and Yang" role for melanin and active melanogenesis in melanoma development, progression, and therapy. Furthermore, based on the clinical, experimental data and diverse effects of melanogenesis, we propose that inhibition of melanogenesis in advanced melanotic melanoma represents a realistic adjuvant strategy to enhance immuno-, radio-, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław M Płonka
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Pathology Laboratory Service, Veteran Administration Medical Center at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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7
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Xu Y, Ge Y, Zhou M, Zhang Z. Clenbuterol, a Selective β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Inhibits or Limits Post-Stroke Pneumonia, but Increases Infarct Volume in MCAO Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:295-309. [PMID: 35058704 PMCID: PMC8765548 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Younian Xu
- Anesthesiology Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- Anesthesiology Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Miaomiao Zhou Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 027-67812903 Email
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Boukerb AM, Cambronel M, Rodrigues S, Mesguida O, Knowlton R, Feuilloley MGJ, Zommiti M, Connil N. Inter-Kingdom Signaling of Stress Hormones: Sensing, Transport and Modulation of Bacterial Physiology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690942. [PMID: 34690943 PMCID: PMC8526972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have coexisted for millions of years. The hormonal communication between microorganisms and their hosts, dubbed inter-kingdom signaling, is a recent field of research. Eukaryotic signals such as hormones, neurotransmitters or immune system molecules have been shown to modulate bacterial physiology. Among them, catecholamines hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine, released during stress and physical effort, or used therapeutically as inotropes have been described to affect bacterial behaviors (i.e., motility, biofilm formation, virulence) of various Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio sp.). More recently, these molecules were also shown to influence the physiology of some Gram-positive bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis. In E. coli and S. enterica, the stress-associated mammalian hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine trigger a signaling cascade by interacting with the QseC histidine sensor kinase protein. No catecholamine sensors have been well described yet in other bacteria. This review aims to provide an up to date report on catecholamine sensors in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their transport, and known effects on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Melyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, Université de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France
| | - Ouiza Mesguida
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Rikki Knowlton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Mohamed Zommiti
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
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9
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Ji Z, Liu G, Guo J, Zhang R, Su Y, Carvalho A, Qu Y, Zuo W, Yao Y, Lin J, Ma G. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is an Important Indicator Predicting In-Hospital Death in AMI Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:706852. [PMID: 34616780 PMCID: PMC8488114 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.706852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the short-term prognosis of NSTEMI and STEMI. Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective and observational study. 2618 patients including 1289 NSTMI and 1329 STEMI patients were enrolled from June 2013 to February 2018 in Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University. The demographic information, clinical characteristics, medical history, laboratory examination, treatment, and outcome of individuals at admission and during hospitalization were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Outcome was defined as the all-cause death during hospitalization. Results: (1) In the NSTEMI group, the ability of NLR in predicting in-hospital death (AUC = 0.746) was higher than the neutrophil-monocyte ratio (NMR) (AUC = 0.654), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (AUC = 0.603) and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) (AUC = 0.685), and also higher than AST (AUC = 0.621), CK (AUC = 0.595), LDH (AUC = 0.653) and TnI (AUC = 0.594). The AUC of NLR in the STEMI group was only 0.621. (2) The optimal cut-off value of NLR in NSTEMI group was 5.509 (Youden index = 0.447, sensitivity = 77.01%, specificity = 67.72%). After adjusting variables including age, sex, diabetes history, smoking history, LDL-C and Cr, the logistic regression showed that the patients with NLR>5.509 had higher hazard risk of death (HR4.356; 95%CI 2.552-7.435; P < 0.001) than the patients with NLR ≤ 5.509. (3) Stratification analysis showed that the in-hospital mortality of patients with NLR > 5.509 was 14.611-fold higher than those with NLR ≤ 5.509 in patients aged <76, much higher than the ratio in patients aged ≥ 76. For patients with creatinine levels ≤ 71, the in-hospital death risk in high NLR group was 10.065-fold higher than in low NLR group (95%CI 1.761-57.514, P = 0.009), while the HR was only 4.117 in patients with creatinine levels > 71. The HR in patients with or without diabetes were 6.586 and 3.375, respectively. The HR in smoking or no smoking patients were 6.646 and 4.145, respectively. The HR in patients with LDL-C ≥ 2.06 or <2.06 were 5.526 and 2.967 respectively. Conclusion: Compared to NMR, PLR, and LMR, NLR had the best ability in predicting in-hospital death after NSTEMI. Age, creatinine, LDL-C, diabetes and smoking history were all important factors affecting the predictive efficiency in NSTEMI. NLR had the limited predictive ability in STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiren Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abdlay Carvalho
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Wang Z, Wang J, Cao D, Han L. Correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with the prognosis of non-ST-segment elevation in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing selective percutaneous coronary intervention. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520959510. [PMID: 33050747 PMCID: PMC7570302 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520959510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to explore the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at three timepoints and prognosis of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 1 year of PCI. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 231 patients with NSTE-ACS who received PCI and were followed for 1 year after PCI. The study population was divided into major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACE) and non-MACE groups. Results In total, 214 patients completed the 1-year follow-up; 32 patients (15.0%) had MACE and 182 (85.0%) had no MACE. The MACE and non-MACE groups differed significantly in age, preoperative neutrophil count, preoperative and postoperative NLR, proportion of three-vessel lesion disease, preoperative lymphocyte count, postoperative lymphocyte count within 24 hours, postoperative lymphocyte count over 24 hours, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NLR, postoperative NLR within 24 hours, age, and LVEF values were independent risk factors for MACE in patients with NSTE-ACS after elective PCI. Conclusion Compared with preoperative NLR, postoperative NLR (within 24 hours) may have a stronger ability to predict the occurrence of MACE in NSTE-ACS patients within 1 year after elective PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Donglai Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
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Assis MA, Carranza PG, Ambrosio E. A "Drug-Dependent" Immune System Can Compromise Protection against Infection: The Relationships between Psychostimulants and HIV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050722. [PMID: 33919273 PMCID: PMC8143316 DOI: 10.3390/v13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use is a major comorbidity in people living with HIV, which was initially explained by them adopting risky behaviors that facilitate HIV transmission. However, the effects of drug use on the immune system might also influence this phenomenon. Psychostimulants act on peripheral immune cells even before they reach the central nervous system (CNS) and their effects on immunity are likely to influence HIV infection. Beyond their canonical activities, classic neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are expressed by peripheral immune cells (e.g., dopamine and enkephalins), which display immunomodulatory properties and could be influenced by psychostimulants. Immune receptors, like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on microglia, are modulated by cocaine and amphetamine exposure. Since peripheral immunocytes also express TLRs, they may be similarly affected by psychostimulants. In this review, we will summarize how psychostimulants are currently thought to influence peripheral immunity, mainly focusing on catecholamines, enkephalins and TLR4, and shed light on how these drugs might affect HIV infection. We will try to shift from the classic CNS perspective and adopt a more holistic view, addressing the potential impact of psychostimulants on the peripheral immune system and how their systemic effects could influence HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Assis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Wei X, Chen H, You Z, Yang J, He H, He C, Zheng W, Lin K, Jiang F. Nutritional status and risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:953-962. [PMID: 33844109 PMCID: PMC8357678 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the connection between malnutrition evaluated by the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and the risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in elderly patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 1308 patients aged over 75 years undergoing PCI was included. Based on the CONUT score, patients were assigned to normal (0–1), mild malnutrition (2–4), moderate-severe malnutrition group (≥ 5). The primary outcome was CA-AKI (an absolute increase in ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or ≥ 50% relative serum creatinine increase 48 h after contrast medium exposure). Results Overall, the incidence of CA-AKI in normal, mild, moderate-severe malnutrition group was 10.8%, 11.0%, and 27.2%, respectively (p < 0.01). Compared with moderate-severe malnutrition group, the normal group and the mild malnutrition group showed significant lower risk of CA-AKI in models adjusting for risk factors for CA-AKI and variables in univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.89, p = 0.02; OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.26–0.82, p = 0.009, respectively). Furthermore, the relationship were consistent across the subgroups classified by risk factors for CA-AKI except anemia. The risk of CA-AKI related with CONUT score was stronger in patients with anemia. (overall interaction p by CONUT score = 0.012). Conclusion Moderate-severe malnutrition is associated with higher risk of CA-AKI in elderly patients undergoing PCI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10157-021-02061-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wei
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Hanchuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhebin You
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Haoming He
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Kaiyang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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13
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Khalefah MM, Khalifah AM. Determining the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, dopamine, and COVID-19 complications. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:550-553. [PMID: 33173452 PMCID: PMC7646371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is compelling evidence that aged, immunosuppressed, and chronically ill patients are a high-risk group for increased mortality upon infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study investigated the contribution of morbidities and related prescribed medications to COVID-19 associated mortality. METHODS Based on the various recently reported clinical scenarios a theoretical framework was designed to shed light on the mode of infection of the central nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 and possible management options. RESULTS Dopamine-release mechanisms in the central nervous system may play a major role in the entry and propagation of coronaviruses. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the need for a thorough and urgent investigation of the dopamine-release pathways in the central nervous system. These efforts will help find a definitive cure for the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muad M. Khalefah
- Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, CSAR, Rabigh, KSA
| | - Ayman M. Khalifah
- Department of Dental Education, Taibah University College of Dentistry, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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14
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Chai J, Jia L, Cao H, Zhang X, Xu Z. Association of lymphocyte count and incidence of maternal fever in epidural analgesia-involved labor. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1584. [PMID: 33437783 PMCID: PMC7791247 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Evidence showed that the use of epidural analgesia increased the risk of maternal fever during labor, and the potential mechanisms involved inflammation. Lymphocyte played a role in the inflammatory responses, and lymphopenia predicted adverse outcomes for patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lymphocyte count was associated with the incidence of intrapartum fever in nulliparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, electronic medical record data at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital (IPMCH, Shanghai, China) between 2012 and 2017 were extracted. The primary outcome of this study was baseline lymphocyte count in febrile and afebrile parturients who received labor epidural analgesia. Other confounding factors associated with the development of intrapartum fever were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The final study population consisted of 36,562 parturients, of whom 18,952 (51.8%) received labor epidural analgesia. Labor epidural analgesia was associated with an increased risk of maternal fever [relative risk: 4.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.16–4.98; P<0.001]. Among the parturients who received epidural analgesia, both baseline lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage were lower in the febrile patients than those in the afebrile patients (P<0.001; P=0.015). The lower (<1.1×109/L) baseline lymphocyte was associated with a higher risk of maternal fever (adjusted odds ratio: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14–1.48; P<0.001). Conclusions Our results suggested that lower lymphocyte baseline indicated an increased risk of maternal fever during epidural analgesia-involved labor. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings and determine the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
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15
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Reiske L, Schmucker SS, Steuber J, Toulouse C, Pfaffinger B, Stefanski V. Interkingdom Cross-Talk in Times of Stress: Salmonella Typhimurium Grown in the Presence of Catecholamines Inhibits Porcine Immune Functionality in vitro. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572056. [PMID: 33101292 PMCID: PMC7556211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In stressful situations, catecholamines modulate mammalian immune function, and in addition, they can be sensed by many bacteria. Catecholamine sensing was also found in the zoonotic gut pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium, probably contributing to the stress-induced increased risk of salmonellosis. Virulence traits such as proliferation and invasiveness are promoted upon bacterial catecholamine sensing, but it is unknown whether S. Typhimurium may also inhibit mammalian immune function in stressful situations. We thus investigated whether supernatants from S. Typhimurium grown in the presence of catecholamines modulate porcine mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocyte proliferation was reduced by supernatants from catecholamine-exposed Salmonella in a dose-dependent manner. We further examined whether adrenaline oxidation to adrenochrome, which is promoted by bacteria, could be responsible for the observed effect, but this molecule either enhanced lymphocyte functionality or had no effect. We could thereby exclude adrenochrome as a potential immunomodulating agent produced by S. Typhimurium. This study is the first to demonstrate that bacteria grown in the presence of catecholamine stress hormones alter their growth environment, probably by producing immunomodulating substances, in a way that host immune response is suppressed. These findings add a new dimension to interkingdom signaling and provide novel clues to explain the increased susceptibility of a stressed host to Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Reiske
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sonja S Schmucker
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Steuber
- Cellular Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Charlotte Toulouse
- Cellular Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Pfaffinger
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Monteiro S, Pinho AG, Macieira M, Serre-Miranda C, Cibrão JR, Lima R, Soares-Cunha C, Vasconcelos NL, Lentilhas-Graça J, Duarte-Silva S, Miranda A, Correia-Neves M, Salgado AJ, Silva NA. Splenic sympathetic signaling contributes to acute neutrophil infiltration of the injured spinal cord. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:282. [PMID: 32967684 PMCID: PMC7513542 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in the immune system are a complication of spinal cord injury (SCI) and have been linked to an excessive sympathetic outflow to lymphoid organs. Still unknown is whether these peripheral immune changes also contribute for the deleterious inflammatory response mounted at the injured spinal cord. Methods We analyzed different molecular outputs of the splenic sympathetic signaling for the first 24 h after a thoracic compression SCI. We also analyzed the effect of ablating the splenic sympathetic signaling to the innate immune and inflammatory response at the spleen and spinal cord 24 h after injury. Results We found that norepinephrine (NE) levels were already raised at this time-point. Low doses of NE stimulation of splenocytes in vitro mainly affected the neutrophils’ population promoting an increase in both frequency and numbers. Interestingly, the interruption of the sympathetic communication to the spleen, by ablating the splenic nerve, resulted in reduced frequencies and numbers of neutrophils both at the spleen and spinal cord 1 day post-injury. Conclusion Collectively, our data demonstrates that the splenic sympathetic signaling is involved in the infiltration of neutrophils after spinal cord injury. Our findings give new mechanistic insights into the dysfunctional regulation of the inflammatory response mounted at the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia G Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mara Macieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Serre-Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge R Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Natália L Vasconcelos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Lentilhas-Graça
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Duarte-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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Association between Preoperative Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051295. [PMID: 32370130 PMCID: PMC7282248 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in patients with cancer, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: We recruited a cohort of 3118 patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2005 to 2015. Nutritional status was evaluated using the CONUT score, with higher scores reflecting worse nutritional status. Results: After adjustment for comorbidities and medication, an increased CONUT score was independently associated with a higher risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.24), cardiovascular (CV) death (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07–1.30), congestive heart failure (CHF) (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.18), a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07–1.22), and total CV events (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.07–1.15). The subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association of the CONUT score existed independently of other established cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, CONUT significantly improved risk stratification for myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, CHF, MACEs and total CV events compared to conventional risk factors in CAD patients by the significant increase in the C-index (p < 0.05) and reclassification risk categories in cardiac death and MACEs. Conclusions: The CONUT score improved the risk prediction of adverse events compared to traditional risk factors in CAD patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
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Small talk: chemical conversations with bacteria. CHEMTEXTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40828-020-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Tustumi F, Takeda FR, Brandão AAGS, Sallum RAA, Ribeiro Junior U, Cecconello I. LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND PLATELET VOLUME PREDICTS POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER: A COHORT STUDY. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:377-385. [PMID: 31618397 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers from routine complete blood count are known predictive factors of long-term outcomes in cancer patients. The value of these biomarkers in the setting of trimodal therapy for esophageal cancer in predicting early postoperative outcomes is not studied. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the value of cellular blood components changes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by curative intent esophagectomy for cancer in predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity. METHODS A cohort of 149 consecutive patients that underwent chemoradiotherapy using platinum- and taxane-based regimens followed by esophagectomy was analyzed. Cellular components of blood collected before neoadjuvant therapy (period A) and before surgery (period B) were assessed for postoperative mortality and complications. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the independent prognostic significance of blood count variables. RESULTS Postoperative morbidity was present in 46% of the patients. On multiple regression analysis platelet volume (B) (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.2-2.33) was an independent predictor of general complications. Severe postoperative surgical complications were present in 17% of the patients. On multiple regression analysis, lymphocyte decrease between B-A periods (OR: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.990-0.997) was related to higher risk for severe complications. Cervical anastomotic leakage was present in 25.6% of the patients. On univariate analysis eosinophil count in A and B periods was related to cervical anastomotic leakage. For this outcome, multivariate joint model could not identify independent risk variables of cellular components of blood. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.4%. On univariate analysis, platelet count in period B was associated to higher risk for mortality. The multivariate joint model could not accurately predict mortality due to the few number of patients in the mortality group. CONCLUSION This is the first study to assess the relationship between peripheral blood count variables changes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using a platinum- and taxane-based regimen followed by curative intent esophagectomy for cancer in predicting postoperative complications. The platelet volume prior to surgery is related to postoperative complications and the lymphocyte count change prior to surgery predicts severe postoperative complications in the setting of trimodal therapy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tustumi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Cirurgia Digestiva, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Flávio Roberto Takeda
- Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Cirurgia Digestiva, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rubens Antonio Aissar Sallum
- Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Cirurgia Digestiva, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Cirurgia Digestiva, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Cirurgia Digestiva, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Mechanisms of aggression and production in chickens: genetic variations in the functions of serotonin, catecholamine, and corticosterone. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933907001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Glucocorticoids and Catecholamines Affect in Vitro Functionality of Porcine Blood Immune Cells. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080545. [PMID: 31408932 PMCID: PMC6720833 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In modern livestock husbandry, animals may face stressful events like weaning, regrouping, or transportation, all of which can impair animal welfare and health. Research in model organisms has revealed that stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines, strongly modulate the immune system and thus the animals’ ability to fight infections. In the pig, knowledge about this relationship is rare, and results from rodents cannot readily be transferred due to some physiological differences. Therefore, the effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on porcine immune cell proliferation and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα were investigated in an in vitro study. Blood was obtained from catheterized pigs to exclude pre-exposure to stress hormones. Glucocorticoids exerted inhibitory effects on both investigated immune functions. Catecholamines, on the other hand, showed diverse effects on lymphocyte proliferation and TNFα production of particular immune cell types. This suggests that studies from model species are not entirely transferrable to pigs. Future research should extend the preliminary findings on cytokine production and focus on the molecular mechanisms and health impacts of stress hormones in pigs. Abstract Stress hormones exert important modulating influences on the functionality of immune cells. Despite its major role as a livestock animal and its increasing use as an animal model, knowledge about this relationship in the domestic pig is rare. This study therefore aimed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on the proliferation and cytokine production of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Blood was obtained from donor pigs equipped with indwelling catheters to exclude stress hormone exposition before in vitro testing. PBMC were stimulated in the presence of cortisol, adrenaline or noradrenaline at concentrations resembling low to high stress conditions. Proliferation was determined via 3H-thymidine incorporation, and TNFα producers were quantified by intracellular cytokine staining. Cortisol led to a decrease in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and the number of TNFα producing cells. In contrast, catecholamines increased proliferation while exerting repressive or no effects on the number of cytokine producers. Remarkably, in concentrations presumably found in lymphatic tissue in stress situations, noradrenaline suppressed lymphocyte proliferation completely. The shown repressive effects might especially have implications on health and welfare in pigs. The obtained results provide a preliminary database for extended studies on the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid and catecholamine actions on porcine immune cells.
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22
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Diaz-Cambronero O, Mazzinari G, Cata JP. Perioperative opioids and colorectal cancer recurrence: a systematic review of the literature. Pain Manag 2018; 8:353-361. [DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Diaz-Cambronero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic la Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS la Fe)
| | - Guido Mazzinari
- Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS la Fe)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Anesthesia & Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, USA
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Bhat G, Yost GL, Ibrahim K, Pappas P, Tatooles A. Risk stratification with longitudinal neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio assessment after left ventricular assist device implantation. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:445-451. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398818784276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory processes are well-characterized risk factors in cardiovascular disease including advanced heart failure. Previous studies have utilized individual white cell subtypes in risk analysis, and a recent study has focused on the efficacy of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in evaluating negative outcomes following left ventricular assist device implantation. To investigate the interaction between the left ventricular assist device and white cell counts, we assessed longitudinal changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio following left ventricular assist device implantation. Methods: This retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation between 2012 and 2013. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was calculated prior to left ventricular assist device implantation, daily for the first 30 postoperative days, and at the first two postoperative outpatient visits. Preoperative demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients. Results: The mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio immediately before left ventricular assist device implantation was 5.2 ± 4.9. After surgery, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased asymptotically, from a peak of 29.2 on postoperative day 1 to 4.1 at the second outpatient visit ( p < 0.001). Lack of improvement in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at postoperative day 10 was associated with increased length of stay, right heart failure, and a trend toward worsened survival. Conclusion: Our results indicate a significant inflammatory response to implantation of the left ventricular assist device, a known effect. The magnitude of this response may be effectively and easily monitored over time using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. In general, approximately 30 days is required for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to return to preoperative levels. After several months, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio improves to below preoperative levels. It is possible that this reduction reflects the reversal of various heart failure–mediated inflammatory processes following left ventricular assist device implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bhat
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Center for Heart Transplant and Assist Devices, Heart and Vascular Institute Administration, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Gardner L Yost
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Center for Heart Transplant and Assist Devices, Heart and Vascular Institute Administration, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Kamel Ibrahim
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Center for Heart Transplant and Assist Devices, Heart and Vascular Institute Administration, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Patroklos Pappas
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Center for Heart Transplant and Assist Devices, Heart and Vascular Institute Administration, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Antone Tatooles
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Center for Heart Transplant and Assist Devices, Heart and Vascular Institute Administration, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
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Talhada D, Rabenstein M, Ruscher K. The role of dopaminergic immune cell signalling in poststroke inflammation. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418774225. [PMID: 29774058 PMCID: PMC5952273 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418774225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon ischaemic stroke, brain-resident and peripheral immune cells accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, these cells express pattern specific to neurotransmitter receptors and, therefore, seem to be susceptible to neurotransmitter stimulation, potentially modulating their properties and functions. One of the principal neurotransmitters in the CNS, dopamine, is involved in the regulation of processes of brain development, motor control and higher brain functions. It is constantly released in the brain and there is experimental and clinical evidence that dopaminergic signalling is involved in recovery of lost neurological function after stroke. Independent studies have revealed specific but different patterns of dopamine receptor subtypes on different populations of immune cells. Those patterns are dependent on the activation status of cells. Generally, exposure to dopamine or dopamine receptor agonists decreases detrimental actions of immune cells. In contrast, a reduction of dopaminergic inputs perpetuates a pro-inflammatory state associated with increased release of pro-inflammatory molecules. In addition, subsets of immune cells have been identified to synthesize and release dopamine, suggesting autoregulatory mechanisms. Evidence supports that inflammatory processes activated following ischaemic stroke are modulated by dopaminergic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- LUBIN Lab – Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Papa I, Saliba D, Ponzoni M, Bustamante S, Canete PF, Gonzalez-Figueroa P, McNamara HA, Valvo S, Grimbaldeston M, Sweet RA, Vohra H, Cockburn IA, Meyer-Hermann M, Dustin ML, Doglioni C, Vinuesa CG. T FH-derived dopamine accelerates productive synapses in germinal centres. Nature 2017; 547:318-323. [PMID: 28700579 PMCID: PMC5540173 DOI: 10.1038/nature23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protective high-affinity antibody responses depend on competitive
selection of B cells carrying somatically mutated B-cell receptors by follicular
helper T (TFH) cells in germinal centres. The rapid T-B-cell
interactions that occur during this process are reminiscent of neural synaptic
transmission pathways. Here we show that a proportion of human TFH
cells contained dense-core granules marked by chromogranin B, which are normally
found in neuronal presynaptic terminals storing catecholamines such as dopamine.
TFH cells produce high amounts of dopamine and released it upon
cognate interaction with B cells. Dopamine causes rapid translocation of
intracellular ICOSL (inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand, also known as
ICOSLG) to the B-cell surface, which enhances accumulation of CD40L and
chromogranin B granules at the human TFH cell synapse and increases
the synapse area. Mathematical modelling suggests that faster dopamine-induced
T-B-cell interactions increase total germinal centre output and accelerate it by
days. Delivery of neurotransmitters across the T-B-cell synapse may be
advantageous in the face of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Papa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - David Saliba
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Ateneo Vita-Salute, Department of Pathology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pablo F Canete
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Paula Gonzalez-Figueroa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hayley A McNamara
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Salvatore Valvo
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michele Grimbaldeston
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,OMNI-Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sweet
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Harpreet Vohra
- Imaging and Cytometry Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Ateneo Vita-Salute, Department of Pathology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,China-Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200085, China
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26
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Levite M. Dopamine and T cells: dopamine receptors and potent effects on T cells, dopamine production in T cells, and abnormalities in the dopaminergic system in T cells in autoimmune, neurological and psychiatric diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:42-89. [PMID: 25728499 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine, a principal neurotransmitter, deserves upgrading to 'NeuroImmunotransmitter' thanks to its multiple, direct and powerful effects on most/all immune cells. Dopamine by itself is a potent activator of resting effector T cells (Teffs), via two independent ways: direct Teffs activation, and indirect Teffs activation by suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The review covers the following findings: (i) T cells express functional dopamine receptors (DRs) D1R-D5R, but their level and function are dynamic and context-sensitive, (ii) DR membranal protein levels do not necessarily correlate with DR mRNA levels, (iii) different T cell types/subtypes have different DR levels and composition and different responses to dopamine, (iv) autoimmune and pro-inflammatory T cells and T cell leukaemia/lymphoma also express functional DRs, (v) dopamine (~10(-8) M) activates resting/naive Teffs (CD8(+) >>>CD4(+) ), (vi) dopamine affects Th1/Th2/Th17 differentiation, (vii) dopamine inhibits already activated Teffs (i.e. T cells that have been already activated by either antigen, mitogen, anti-CD3 antibodies cytokines or other molecules), (viii) dopamine inhibits activated Tregs in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Thus, dopamine 'suppresses the suppressors' and releases the inhibition they exert on Teffs, (ix) dopamine affects intracellular signalling molecules and cascades in T cells (e.g. ERK, Lck, Fyn, NF-κB, KLF2), (x) T cells produce dopamine (Tregs>>>Teffs), can release dopamine, mainly after activation (by antigen, mitogen, anti-CD3 antibodies, PKC activators or other), uptake extracellular dopamine, and most probably need dopamine, (xi) dopamine is important for antigen-specific interactions between T cells and dendritic cells, (xii) in few autoimmune diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis/SLE/rheumatoid arthritis), and neurological/psychiatric diseases (e.g. Parkinson disease, Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia and Tourette), patient's T cells seem to have abnormal DRs expression and/or responses to dopamine or production of dopamine, (xiii) drugs that affect the dopaminergic system have potent effects on T cells (e.g. dopamine=Intropin, L-dopa, bromocriptine, haloperidol, quinpirole, reserpine, pergolide, ecopipam, pimozide, amantadine, tetrabenazine, nomifensine, butaclamol). Dopamine-induced activation of resting Teffs and suppression of Tregs seem beneficial for health and may also be used for immunotherapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Independently, suppression of DRs in autoimmune and pro-inflammatory T cells, and also in cancerous T cells, may be advantageous. The review is relevant to Immunologists, Neurologists, Neuroimmunologists, Hematologists, Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Levite
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
- Institute of Gene Therapy; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences; Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffo; Tel Aviv Israel
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Abstract
The interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system has been documented over the last several decades. In this review, the neuroanatomical, cellular, and molecular evidence for neuroimmune regulation in the maintenance of immune homeostasis will be discussed, as well as the potential impact of neuroimmune dysregulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Padro
- The Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Virginia M Sanders
- The Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; The Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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28
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Aghdaii N, Ferasatkish R, Mohammadzadeh Jouryabi A, Hamidi SH. Significance of preoperative total lymphocyte count as a prognostic criterion in adult cardiac surgery. Anesth Pain Med 2014; 4:e20331. [PMID: 25289377 PMCID: PMC4183084 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of operational risk is a consequential goal in perioperative management of patients in cardiac surgery. Preoperative total lymphocyte count (PTLC) is a prognostic criterion of adverse major cardiovascular outcomes. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of PTLC as an independent predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 1604 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery between September, 2012 and March, 2013, a total of 1171 consecutive patients underwent elective primary valvular heart surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients were divided to three groups according to their PTLCs. The baseline characteristics and postoperative mortality and morbidity of the patients as well as the intensive care unit (ICU) stay according to the PTLCs were recorded and analyzed. The only inclusion criterion was a preoperative complete blood count. Exclusion criteria included: ages under 18 or over 80 years old, emergency surgery, adult patients with congenital heart disease and previous open heart surgery, and patients with any bacterial or viral infection during two weeks before the surgery. Protocol of anesthetic medications was used in all the patients similarly and according to standard. All the patients were admitted to the ICU after the surgery. RESULTS A PTLC < 1500 cells/µL was associated with significantly high mortality and morbidity (P = 0.0001). In-hospital mortality and major composite morbidity were 9.65% and 28.4%, respectively. Low PTLC was associated with more frequent need for inotropic and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support (P < 0.001), dialysis-dependent acute renal failure (P = 0.0001), postoperative superficial wound infections (P = 0.0001) and prolong ICU stay (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our study results showed that low PTLC was an independent, valuable prognostic criterion, with high sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of postoperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Aghdaii
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ferasatkish
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hosein Hamidi
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Nichkova M, Wynveen PM, Marc DT, Huisman H, Kellermann GH. Validation of an ELISA for urinary dopamine: applications in monitoring treatment of dopamine-related disorders. J Neurochem 2013; 125:724-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Duce JA, Ayton S, Miller AA, Tsatsanis A, Lam LQ, Leone L, Corbin JE, Butzkueven H, Kilpatrick TJ, Rogers JT, Barnham KJ, Finkelstein DI, Bush AI. Amine oxidase activity of β-amyloid precursor protein modulates systemic and local catecholamine levels. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:245-54. [PMID: 22212595 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The catecholamines dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) are neurotransmitters and hormones that mediate stress responses in tissues and plasma. The expression of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is responsive to stress and is high in tissues rich in catecholamines. We recently reported that APP is a ferroxidase, subsuming, in neurons and other cells, the iron-export activity that ceruloplasmin mediates in glia. Here we report that, like ceruloplasmin, APP also oxidizes synthetic amines and catecholamines catalytically (K(m) NE=0.27 mM), through a site encompassing its ferroxidase motif and selectively inhibited by zinc. Accordingly, APP knockout mice have significantly higher levels of DA, NE and E in brain, plasma and select tissues. Consistent with this, these animals have increased resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure as well as suppressed prolactin and lymphocyte levels. These findings support a role for APP in extracellular catecholaminergic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Duce
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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31
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Jafari M, Ahangari G, Saberi M, Samangoui S, Torabi R, Zouali M. Distorted expression of dopamine receptor genes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology 2012; 218:979-83. [PMID: 23266246 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several observations suggest that alterations in the neurotransmitter dopamine and/or its receptors could be associated with the pathophysiology of lupus. We therefore assessed expression of the five dopamine receptor genes in a cohort of patients. We found that all receptors are expressed in lupus peripheral blood cells. We also discovered that dopamine receptor 2 gene (DR2) was underexpressed, and that DR4 was overexpressed in lupus patients, as compared to controls. Cell sorting of peripheral T- and B-lymphocytes disclosed that the altered DR2 and DR4 expressions were borne by T-cells. These distorted expressions of DR2 and DR4 could influence immune functions in lupus through several mechanisms. Since DR2 can be effective in regulating the activation and differentiation of naive CD4⁺ cells by promoting polarization toward regulatory T-cells, the underexpression of DR2 we have observed may account, at least in part, for the reduction of regulatory T-cell function and/or numbers in lupus. In addition to providing novel insight into disease pathogenesis, our findings may have therapeutic implications. Because DR4 can be effective in triggering T-cell quiescence, its overexpression on lupus T cells suggests that inducing quiescence using DR4-specific agonists may represent a useful strategy in the treatment of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohieddin Jafari
- HSPH Proteomics Resource, Department of Genetics and Complex Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Luo J, Mitra A, Tian F, Chang S, Zhang H, Cui K, Yu Y, Zhao K, Song J. Histone methylation analysis and pathway predictions in chickens after MDV infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41849. [PMID: 22848633 PMCID: PMC3406056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chicken induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Although studies have focused on the genetic differences between the resistant and susceptible chicken, less is known about the role of epigenetic factors in MD. In this study, genome-wide histone modifications in the non-MHC-associated resistant and susceptible chicken lines were examined. We found that tri-methylation at histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me3) enrichment is positively correlated with the expression of protein coding genes as well as microRNA (miRNA) genes, whereas tri-methylation at histone H3 Lys27 (H3K27me3) exhibits a negative correlation. By identifying line-specific histone modifications in MDV infection, we found unique H3K4me3 islands in the resistant chicken activated genes, which are related to immune response and cell adhesion. Interestingly, we also found some miRNAs from unique H3K27me3 patterns in the susceptible chickens that targeted genes involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor and adrenergic receptor pathways. In conclusion, dynamic line-specific histone modifications in response to MDV infection suggested that intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in MD-resistance and -susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Apratim Mitra
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuang Chang
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kairong Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Nakagome K, Imamura M, Okada H, Kawahata K, Inoue T, Hashimoto K, Harada H, Higashi T, Takagi R, Nakano K, Hagiwara K, Kanazawa M, Dohi M, Nagata M, Matsushita S. Dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist attenuates Th17-mediated immune response and ovalbumin antigen-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5975-82. [PMID: 21471450 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is generally considered a Th2-type immune response. Recent studies, however, demonstrated that Th17-type immune responses also play important roles in this process, especially in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic airway inflammation, a hallmark of severe asthma. We previously reported that dendritic cells release dopamine to naive CD4(+) T cells in Ag-specific cell-cell interaction, in turn inducing Th17 differentiation through dopamine D1-like receptor (D1-like-R). D1-like-R antagonist attenuates Th17-mediated diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and autoimmune diabetes. However, the effect of antagonizing D1-like-R on Th17-mediated airway inflammation has yet to be studied. In this study, we examined whether D1-like-R antagonist suppresses OVA-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in OVA TCR-transgenic DO11.10 mice and then elucidated the mechanism of action. DO11.10 mice were nebulized with OVA or PBS, and some mice received D1-like-R antagonist orally before OVA nebulization. D1-like-R antagonist significantly suppressed OVA-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in DO11.10 mice. It also inhibited the production of IL-17 and infiltration of Th17 cells in the lung. Further, D1-like-R antagonist suppressed the production of IL-23 by lung CD11c(+) APCs. In contrast, D1-like-R antagonist did not increase Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the lung. D1-like-R antagonist neither suppressed nonspecific LPS-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation nor OVA-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. These results indicate that D1-like-R antagonist could suppress Th17-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation, raising the possibility that antagonizing D1-like-R serves as a promising new strategy for treating neutrophil-dominant severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Lomivorotov VV, Efremov SM, Boboshko VA, Leyderman IN, Lomivorotov VN, Cheung AT, Karaskov AM. Preoperative total lymphocyte count in peripheral blood as a predictor of poor outcome in adult cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011; 25:975-80. [PMID: 21354824 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative total lymphocyte count in peripheral blood as a predictor of postoperative complications and mortality in cardiac surgery. DESIGN A retrospective, observational study. SETTING The Novosibirsk State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology (single institution). PARTICIPANTS All adults undergoing primary cardiopulmonary bypass in 2009. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The cohort size was 1,368 patients operated upon with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patient characteristics, hospital mortality, postoperative complications, ventilation time, intensive care unit, and hospital stay were analyzed. A preoperative total lymphocyte count <1,500 cells/μL was associated with significantly higher mortality by univariate (p < 0.0001) and multivariate (p < 0.044) analyses. A low preoperative total lymphocyte count was associated with more frequent inotropic support (p < 0.001); postoperative heart arrhythmia (p < 0.001); dialysis-dependent acute renal failure (p < 0.001); and a prolonged ventilation time (p = 0.001), intensive care unit stay (p < 0.001), and hospital stay (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS A low preoperative total lymphocyte count in peripheral blood is a useful prognostic criterion for the evaluation of a complicated postoperative period in cardiac patients operated under cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Lomivorotov
- Department of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care, Federal State Institution Academician EN Meshalkin Novosibirsk State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology Rusmedtechnology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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35
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Oros-Pantoja R, Jarillo-Luna A, Rivera-Aguilar V, Sánchez-Torres LE, Godinez-Victoria M, Campos-Rodríguez R. Effects of restraint stress on NALT structure and nasal IgA levels. Immunol Lett 2010; 135:78-87. [PMID: 20937309 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stress on the mucosal immune responses in inflammatory disorders of the gut, as well as on salivary and intestinal IgA levels are well known. However, its effects on the structure and function of the NALT have not yet been reported, and are examined in the present study. Balb/c mice were submitted to restraint stress for 3h per day during 4 or 8d. The immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis revealed that repeated restraint stress (4 and 8d) decreased the percentage, compared to the control group, of CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cells, without affecting the percentage of CD8(+) T cells or B220(+) cells (B cells). The numbers of IELs (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells) were lower at 4d of stress and higher at 8d. IgA(+) cells in NALT and nasal IgA levels showed a similar pattern, being significantly lower at 4d of stress and significantly higher at 8d. In summary, repeated restraint stress altered the distribution and number of lymphocytes and IgA(+) cells in nasal mucosa, probably due to changes in norepinephrine and corticosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, CP. 11340, México, DF, Mexico
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Bian C, Wu Y, Shi Y, Xu G, Wang J, Xiang M, Weng S, Jiang J, Ma J. Predictive value of the relative lymphocyte count in coronary heart disease. Heart Vessels 2010; 25:469-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-010-0010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Comim CM, Constantino LS, Petronilho F, de Souza B, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Dal-Pizzol F. Effects of acute treatment with amphetamine in locomotor activity in sepsis survivor rats. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 212:145-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Total lymphocyte count and in-hospital mortality in older persons with multimorbidity. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008; 20:290-6. [PMID: 18852540 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low total lymphocyte count (TLC) has been found to be a poor prognostic factor in adults affected by heart diseases, malignancy, and renal failure. The aims of this study were to verify if a low TLC was associated with in-hospital mortality in older persons and to evaluate whether this association was independent of the presence of multiple co-existing diseases (multimorbidity). METHODS The authors carried out a cross-section analysis of data of 65+ years old patients (n=596) admitted to a Geriatric Unit in Northern Italy. TLC, total white blood cell count (WBC) and serum albumin were assayed the day after admission. The presence and severity of diseases were evaluated with the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC). Other covariates included age, gender, cigarette smoking, cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination) and function (Activities of Daily Living). Logistic regression models were created to study factors affecting in-hospital death. RESULTS TLC was inversely correlated with both age and multimorbidity. Patients in the lowest tertile of TLC had the highest association with death during hospitalization (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.1-33.6) independently of multimorbidity and all the other covariates. Stratifying the sample by degree of multimorbidity, this association was clearest in patients with the least severe multimorbidity (GIC <or=3). CONCLUSIONS Although TLC and multimorbidity were correlated, they emerged as independent predictors of in-hospital death. Further investigations into possible biological mechanisms underlying the association of lymphocytes and adverse outcomes in old persons are needed.
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Jiang JL, Peng YP, Qiu YH, Wang JJ. Effect of endogenous catecholamines on apoptosis of Con A-activated lymphocytes of rats. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 192:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dimitrijević M, Rauski A, Radojević K, Kosec D, Stanojević S, Pilipović I, Leposavić G. Beta-adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates the clinical course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and diminishes its aggravation in adrenalectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 577:170-82. [PMID: 17854797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As glucocorticoids influence both catecholamine synthesis and adrenoceptor expression by immune cells, the current study was undertaken to distinguish their direct effects on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis from those induced by alteration of catecholamine signaling. We examined the influence of 16-day-long beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (0.40 mg/100 g body weight/day, s.c.) beginning 3 days before immunization on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in adrenalectomized (7 days before immunization) and in non-operated male Dark Agouti rats. Adrenalectomy aggravated the clinical course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In contrast, propranolol attenuated both the clinical signs of the disease and decreased the number of lesions in the spinal cord. Furthermore, propranolol prevented adrenalectomy-induced aggravation of the disease course without affecting mortality. We also found that the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T lymphocytes (recently activated or regulatory cells) was increased in peripheral blood of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats over that in the corresponding non-immunized and bovine serum albumin immunized rats. However, the percentage of these cells was reduced in adrenalectomized and/or propranolol-treated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats compared to control experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats. Our findings, coupled with the clinical course of the disease and the underlying pathomorphological changes, clearly suggest that differential mechanisms were responsible for the changes in the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T lymphocytes in propranolol-treated adrenalectomized rats and only propranolol-treated rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Our results, when viewed globally, indicate that: i) beta-adrenoceptor-dependent mechanisms are involved in the immunopathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, ii) experimental allergic encephalomyelitis has a more severe course in adrenalectomized rats and iii) beta-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanisms operate in adrenalectomy-induced aggravation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dimitrijević
- Immunology Research Centre Branislav Janković, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera Torlak, 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Franco R, Pacheco R, Lluis C, Ahern GP, O'Connell PJ. The emergence of neurotransmitters as immune modulators. Trends Immunol 2007; 28:400-7. [PMID: 17689291 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Initially, the idea that neurotransmitters could serve as immunomodulators emerged with the discovery that their release and diffusion from nervous tissue could lead to signaling through lymphocyte cell-surface receptors and the modulation of immune function. It is now evident that neurotransmitters can also be released from leukocytes and act as autocrine or paracrine modulators. Here, we review the data indicating that leukocytes synthesize and release 'neurotransmitters' and we also discuss the diverse effects that these compounds exert in a variety of immune cells. The role of neurotransmitters in immune-related diseases is also reviewed succinctly. Current and future developments in understanding the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems will probably identify new avenues for treating immune-mediated diseases using agonists or antagonists of neurotransmitter receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Diagonal 645, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Leposavić G, Radojević K, Vidić-Danković B, Kosec D, Pilipović I, Perisić M. Early postnatal castration affects thymic and thymocyte noradrenaline levels and beta-adrenoceptor-mediated influence on the thymopoiesis in adult rats. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 182:100-15. [PMID: 17141332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interactions among the nervous, endocrine and immune system were studied by examining: i) thymic and thymocyte catecholamine levels in adult rats castrated (Cx) at postnatal day 3 and ii) effects of 14-day-long propranolol (P) treatment on main thymocyte differentiational molecule expression in adult non-Cx and Cx rat. The results demonstrated that castration in early postnatal period lowers levels of both neurally- and thymocyte-derived noradrenaline in adult rats, and thereby diminishes beta-adrenoceptor-mediated fine tuning of the T-cell differentiation/maturation. In non-Cx rats P affected TCRalphabeta-dependent stages of thymocyte differentiation/maturation decreasing frequency of CD4+8+ double positive (DP) TCRalphabeta(low) cells entering selection processes and increasing relative number of positively selected DP TCRalphabeta(high) (most likely due to an increased thymocyte surface density of Thy-1 that is involved in negative control of TCRalphabeta-mediated signaling/selection thresholds) and the most mature CD4+8- TCRalphabeta(high) cells (including CD4+25+ regulatory cells). However, in Cx rats P failed to produce any significant changes in thymocyte subset composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Leposavić
- Immunology Research Centre Branislav Janković, Institute of Immunology and Virology Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Dennis RL, Muir WM, Cheng HW. Effects of raclopride on aggression and stress in diversely selected chicken lines. Behav Brain Res 2006; 175:104-11. [PMID: 16978715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic selection for chickens of high (HGPS) and low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability, resulted in two distinct genetic lines characterized by differences in cannibalism, flightiness, and immunocompetence. Additionally, birds exhibited differences in behaviour and social stress coping strategy. HGPS birds have a superior stress coping strategy compared with birds of LGPS or Dekalb XL (DXL), a commercial strain. Line differences in stress response and behaviour could be due to selection-induced differences in expression of the dopaminergic system. The dopamine (D2) receptor, an integral part of the dopaminergic system, was hypothesized to be a key contributory factor of the stress response. We tested this hypothesis by injecting either a D2 antagonist (raclopride) or saline in the dominant individual in pair-housed birds for 10 days and examining stress coping ability. Results showed that dominant birds of all strains showed a reduced frequency of aggressive pecks on subordinates following raclopride injection. In contrast, subordinates paired with raclopride-injected birds increased pecking frequency. Two days after stopping injections, LGPS and DXL birds returned to pre-injection levels of aggressive threats, while HGPS birds maintained depressed frequency of threats. Strain differences in aggressive responsiveness coincided with increased epinephrine levels in raclopride treated LGPS birds relative to control LGPS birds, but not by HGPS and DXL birds. Our findings suggest a functional linkage between the genetic basis of stress coping ability and the dopamine regulation of aggressive responsiveness. The data further indicate that the sympathetic-adreno-medullary axis is directly involved in regulating both stress coping strategy and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Dennis
- Livestock Behaviour Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University, Animal Science Department, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Meredith EJ, Holder MJ, Rosén A, Lee AD, Dyer MJS, Barnes NM, Gordon J. Dopamine targets cycling B cells independent of receptors/transporter for oxidative attack: Implications for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13485-90. [PMID: 16938864 PMCID: PMC1569189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605993103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B lymphocytes and derived lines from a spectrum of B cell malignancy were studied for expression of dopaminergic pathway components and for their cytostatic response to the catecholamine and related, potentially therapeutic compounds. Proliferating normal lymphocytes and dividing malignant clones rapidly arrested on exposure to dopamine in the low (</=10 muM) micromolar range. The antiparkinsonian drugs l-DOPA and apomorphine (particularly) were similarly antiproliferative. With the exception of D4, dopamine receptors D1-D5 were variably expressed among normal and neoplastic B cell populations, as was the dopamine transporter. Transcripts for D1 and D2 were frequently found, whereas D3 and D5 revealed restricted expression; dopamine transporter was detected in most cases. Nevertheless, pharmacological analysis disclosed that dopamine targeted cycling B cells independent of these structures. Rather, oxidative stress constituted the primary mechanism: the catecholamine's actions being mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and reversed by exogenous catalase, and evidence for the intracellular redox protein thioredoxin contributing protection. Among proliferating clones, growth arrest was accompanied by cell death in populations deplete in antiapoptotic Bcl-2: resting lymphocytes escaping low micromolar dopamine toxicity. Dysregulated bcl-2 expression, although preventing oxidative-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, by itself conferred only minor protection against dopamine cytostasis. The selective impact of dopamine on lymphocytes that are in active cycle indicates an axis for therapeutic intervention not only in B cell neoplasia but also in lymphoproliferative disturbances generally. Rational tailoring of drug delivery systems already in development for Parkinson's disease could provide ideal vehicles for carrying the oxidative hit directly to the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Meredith
- *Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle J. Holder
- *Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Rosén
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Linköping, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adrian Drake Lee
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, University Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. S. Dyer
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - John Gordon
- *Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Rajda C, Bencsik K, Füvesi J, Seres E, Vécsei L, Bergquist J. The norepinephrine level is decreased in the lymphocytes of long-term interferon-beta-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2006; 12:265-70. [PMID: 16764338 DOI: 10.1191/135248506ms1269oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mutual involvement of dopamine and its metabolites in the nervous and immune systems has the potential to provide information on the interaction of these two systems. During a 24-hour period, we used capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection to repeatedly measure the intracellular catecholamine concentrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients receiving interferon (IFN)-beta-1b (n = 13), and those of IFN-naïve RRMS patients receiving their first IFN-beta-1a injection (n = 19) during this study, and compared them with the levels in healthy controls (n = 12). At baseline, the norepinephrine level was significantly decreased (P =0.003) in the long-term IFN MS patients compared with the controls. The Time x Group interactions for dopamine (P=0.5854) and norepinephrine (P=0.6192) were not significant. The group effects for the individual drugs were P=0.3529 and 0.1282, respectively. The lower norepinephrine level at baseline in the long-term IFN MS group suggests an immunologically stable phase, in line with our previous findings. This is the first report of the effects of IFN-beta administration on intracellular catecholamines in MS patients. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the immune reactions affected by the catecholamines in MS and to evaluate the roles of these potential immunotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rajda
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Kiank C, Holtfreter B, Starke A, Mundt A, Wilke C, Schütt C. Stress susceptibility predicts the severity of immune depression and the failure to combat bacterial infections in chronically stressed mice. Brain Behav Immun 2006; 20:359-68. [PMID: 16330179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress has been suggested to play a role in disorders in which the immune system unexpectedly fails to respond in a protective manner. Chronic combined acoustic and restraint stress compromises the anti-bacterial defense mechanisms of female BALB/c mice. The immunodeficiency is characterized by an apoptotic loss of lymphocytes, reduced ex vivo-inducibility of TNF but increased inducibility of IL10, reduced T-cell proliferation, and impaired phagocyte functions. Stressed mice develop depression-like behavior that was monitored by a stress severity score (SSS). Besides a strain (BALB/c>CBA) and gender (male>female) dependent susceptibility to chronic stress, inbred mice have an individual coping ability. Importantly, the individual SSS strongly correlates with Escherichia coli dissemination after infection as well as with IL10-inducibility and circulating corticosterone levels of each animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kiank
- Department of Immunology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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Rudiger A, Burckhardt OA, Harpes P, Müller SA, Follath F. The relative lymphocyte count on hospital admission is a risk factor for long-term mortality in patients with acute heart failure. Am J Emerg Med 2006; 24:451-4. [PMID: 16787804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Rudiger
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Biomedical Research, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK, and Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kraj A, Jarzebinska J, Gorecka-Drzazga A, Dziuban J, Silberring J. Identification of catecholamines in the immune system by desorption/ionization on silicon. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1969-72. [PMID: 16755607 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Desorption/ionization from porous silicon dioxide (DIOSD), in combination with a standard matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) instrument, was used for the identification of catecholamines in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A routine MALDI-TOF analysis does not allow for sensitive detection of low molecular mass compounds (i.e. below 400 Da) due to the pronounced background ions arising from the matrix. Therefore, we have tested DIOSD methodology for the identification of catecholamines in the immune system. Using DIOSD, catecholamines were unambiguously identified in the cell extract of peripheral blood lymphocytes at the femtomolar level. The DIOSD extends the possible use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry towards small molecules that were previously detected by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kraj
- Neurobiochemistry Unit, Faculty of Chemistry and Regional Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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Alexander M, Daniel T, Chaudry IH, Schwacha MG. Opiate Analgesics Contribute to the Development of Post-Injury Immunosuppression1. J Surg Res 2005; 129:161-8. [PMID: 16139307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction and post-injury infections are complications associated with thermal injury. Opiates, the analgesic of choice for the treatment of post-burn pain, can also induce similar immune complications. However, the impact of therapeutic opiates on post-burn immune dysfunction is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a small 6.25% total body surface area (TBSA) burn or sham procedure. The mice were left untreated or treated with morphine sulfate by subcutaneous implantation of an Alzet pump that administered morphine sulfate at a rate of 2 mg/kg body weight/day. Plasma, splenocytes and splenic macrophages were isolated for in vitro analysis 1, 4, or 7 days later. RESULTS Neither burn injury nor morphine treatment alone significantly altered splenic T-cell proliferation at 1, 4, or 7 days post-injury/treatment. In contrast, morphine treatment of injured mice suppressed splenic T-cell proliferation at 4 and 7 days post-injury/treatment. The suppressed proliferation of T-cells correlated with increased levels of the nitric oxide and an immunosuppressive Th-2 type phenotype. In contrast morphine treatment did not accentuate the suppressed T-cell proliferative responses associated with larger injuries covering 12.5% and 25% TBSA. Splenic macrophage function was unaffected with the exception that LPS-induced nitric oxide production was elevated in the injured mice treated with morphine. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that those mice treated with a clinically relevant dose of morphine sulfate after an "immunologically insignificant" burn displayed immunosuppression and a Th-2 cytokine profile. Thus, the therapeutic administration of exogenous opiates appears to contribute to the development of post-burn immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Alexander
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Beck G, Hanusch C, Brinkkoetter P, Rafat N, Schulte J, van Ackern K, Yard B. Effekte von Dopamin auf die zelluläre und humorale Immunantwort von Patienten mit Sepsis. Anaesthesist 2005; 54:1012-20. [PMID: 15997388 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-005-0887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that apart from its hemodynamic action dopamine can modulate immune responses. Dopamine reduces the synthesis of proinflammatory and induces the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. Dopamine inhibits neurohormone synthesis, lymphocyte proliferation and platelet aggregation. It reduces the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and induces apoptosis. Particularly with regard to sepsis, where high serum dopamine levels are reached by enhanced endogenous production, exogenous application and impaired clearance, this immunomodulation may have a clinical impact. This review summarizes dopamine-mediated immunomodulating effects to advance the knowledge regarding dopamine as an immune regulator under septic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Beck
- Institut für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Mannheim.
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