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Jahan S, Ali A, Sultana N, Qizilbash FF, Ali H, Aqil M, Mujeeb M, Ali A. An overview of phospholipid enriched-edge activator-based vesicle nanocarriers: New paradigms to treat skin cancer. J Drug Target 2024:1-42. [PMID: 39246202 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2402750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer poses a significant global health concern necessitating innovative treatment approaches. This review explores the potential of vesicle nanoformulation incorporating EA (edge activators) to overcome barriers in skin cancer management. The skin's inherent protective mechanisms, specifically the outermost layer called the stratum corneum and the network of blood arteries, impede the permeation of drugs. Phospholipid-enriched EA based nanoformulation offer a promising solution by enhancing drug penetration through skin barriers. EAs like Span 80, Span 20, Tween 20, and sodium cholate etc., enhance vesicles deformability, influencing drug permeation. This review discusses topical application of drugs treat skin cancer, highlighting challenges connected with the conventional liposome and the significance of using EA-based nanoformulation in overcoming these challenges. Furthermore, it provides insights into various EA characteristics, critical insights, clinical trials, and patents. The review also offers a concise overview of composition, preparation techniques, and the application of EA-based nanoformulation such as transfersomes, transliposomes, transethosomes, and transniosomes for delivering drugs to treat skin cancer. Overall, this review intends to accelerate the development of formulations that incorporate EA, which would further improve topical drug delivery and enhance therapeutic outcomes in skin cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Niha Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Farheen Fatima Qizilbash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Hamad Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
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Meidaninikjeh S, Mohammadi P, Elikaei A. Bacteriophages and bacterial extracellular vesicles, threat or opportunity? Life Sci 2024; 350:122749. [PMID: 38821215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMR) is one of the health major problems worldwide. The scientists are looking for a novel method to treat infectious diseases. Phage therapy is considered a suitable approach for treating infectious diseases. However, there are different challenges in this way. Some biological aspects can probably influence on therapeutic results and further investigations are necessary to reach a successful phage therapy. Bacteriophage activity can influence by bacterial defense system. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are one of the bacterial defense mechanisms which can modify the results of bacteriophage activity. BEVs have the significant roles in the gene transferring, invasion, escape, and spreading of bacteriophages. In this review, the defense mechanisms of bacteria against bacteriophages, especially BEVs secretion, the hidden linkage of BEVs and bacteriophages, and its possible consequences on the bacteriophage activity as well phage therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Meidaninikjeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Elikaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
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Nayak BS, Mohanty B, Mishra B, Roy H, Nandi S. Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:653-667. [PMID: 37062593 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a major route of drug administration. Despite the high surface area of the skin, drug delivery via the skin route is problematic due to its physiological obstacles. The formulation scientist has developed a vesicular system to enhance the skin's absorption of bioactive substances. Among numerous vesicular systems, concept of transethosomes (TEs) introduced in 2012 are being tested for drug delivery to the dermis. When transferosomes and ethosomes interact, TEs are produced. It consists of water, ethanol, phospholipids, and an edge activator. Ethanol and the edge activator increase the absorption of medication through the skin. In the presence of ethanol and an edge activator, skin permeability can increase. The advantages of TEs include increased patient compliance, bypassing first-pass metabolism, including non-toxic raw components, being a noninvasive method of drug delivery, being more stable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and administered in semisolid form. TEs can be produced through the use of hot, cold, mechanical dispersion, and conventional techniques. The morphology, shape, size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, vesicle yield, biophysical interactions, and stability of TEs define them. Recent studies reported successful transdermal distribution of antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular bioactive while using ethosomes with significant deeper penetration in skin. The review extensively discussed various claims on TEs developed by researchers, patents, and marketed ethosomes. However, till today no patens being granted on TEs. There are still lingering difficulties related to ethanol-based TEs that require substantial research to fix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bibaswan Mishra
- Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Uttarakhand, India
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Herbig ME, Evers DH, Gorissen S, Köllmer M. Rational Design of Topical Semi-Solid Dosage Forms-How Far Are We? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1822. [PMID: 37514009 PMCID: PMC10386014 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific aspects of semi-solid dosage forms for topical application include the nature of the barrier to be overcome, aspects of susceptibility to physical and chemical instability, and a greater influence of sensory perception. Advances in understanding the driving forces of skin penetration as well as the design principles and inner structure of formulations, provide a good basis for the more rational design of such dosage forms, which still often follow more traditional design approaches. This review analyses the opportunities and constraints of rational formulation design approaches in the industrial development of new topical drugs. As the selection of drug candidates with favorable physicochemical properties increases the speed and probability of success, models for drug selection based on theoretical and experimental approaches are discussed. This paper reviews how progress in the scientific understanding of mechanisms and vehicle-influence of skin penetration can be used for rational formulation design. The characterization of semi-solid formulations is discussed with a special focus on modern rheological approaches and analytical methods for investigating and optimizing the chemical stability of active ingredients in consideration of applicable guidelines. In conclusion, the combination of a good understanding of scientific principles combined with early consideration of regulatory requirements for product quality are enablers for the successful development of innovative and robust semi-solid formulations for topical application.
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Elkomy MH, Zaki RM, Alsaidan OA, Elmowafy M, Zafar A, Shalaby K, Abdelgawad MA, Abo El-Ela FI, Rateb ME, Naguib IA, Eid HM. Intranasal Nanotransferosomal Gel for Quercetin Brain Targeting: I. Optimization, Characterization, Brain Localization, and Cytotoxic Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1805. [PMID: 37513991 PMCID: PMC10386734 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders have a pathophysiology that involves an increase in free radical production in the brain. Quercetin (QER) is a nutraceutical compound that shields the brain against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. Nonetheless, its low oral bioavailability diminishes brain delivery. Therefore, the current study aimed to formulate QER-loaded transferosomal nanovesicles (QER-TFS) in situ gel for QER brain delivery via the intranasal route. This study explored the impacts of lipid amount, edge activator (EA) amount, and EA type on vesicle diameter, entrapment, and cumulative amount permeated through nasal mucosa (24 h). The optimum formulation was then integrated into a thermosensitive gel after its physical and morphological characteristics were assessed. Assessments of the optimized QER-TFS showed nanometric vesicles (171.4 ± 3.4 nm) with spherical shapes and adequate entrapment efficiency (78.2 ± 2.8%). The results of short-term stability and high zeta potential value (-32.6 ± 1.4 mV) of QER-TFS confirmed their high stability. Compared with the QER solution, the optimized QER-TFS in situ gel formulation exhibited sustained release behavior and augmented nasal mucosa permeability. CT scanning of rat brains demonstrated the buildup of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the brains of all treatment groups, with a greater level of GNPs noted in the rats given the transferosomal gel. Additionally, in vitro studies on PCS-200-014 cells revealed minimal cytotoxicity of QER-TFS in situ gel. Based on these results, the developed transferosomal nanovesicles may be a suitable nanocarrier for QER brain targeting through the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Omar A Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Ibrahim A Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein M Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Shinde P, Page A, Bhattacharya S. Ethosomes and their monotonous effects on Skin cancer disruption. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1087413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prominent diseases, affecting all continents worldwide, and has shown a significant rise in mortality and prevalence. Conventional therapy, including chemotherapy and surgery, has a few drawbacks. The ethosomal systems would be thoroughly reviewed in this compilation, and they would be classified based on constituents: classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. Ethosomes systems are model lipid vesicular carriers with a substantial portion of ethanol. The impacts of ethosomal system components, preparation techniques, and their major roles in selecting the final characteristics of these nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed in this chapter. The special techniques for ethosomes, including the cold approach, hot approach, injection method, mechanical dispersion method, and conventional method, are explained in this chapter. Various evaluation parameters of ethosomes were also explained. Furthermore, ethosomal gels, patches, and creams can be emphasised as innovative pharmaceutical drug formulations. Some hybrid ethosomal vesicles possessing combinatorial cancer therapy using nanomedicine could overcome the current drug resistance of specific cancer cells. Through the use of repurpose therapy, phytoconstituents may be delivered more effectively. A wide range of in vivo models are employed to assess their effectiveness. Ethosomes have provided numerous potential skin cancer therapeutic approaches in the future.
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AbouElhassan KM, Sarhan HA, Hussein AK, Taye A, Ahmed YM, Safwat MA. Brain Targeting of Citicoline Sodium via Hyaluronic Acid-Decorated Novel Nano-Transbilosomes for Mitigation of Alzheimer's Disease in a Rat Model: Formulation, Optimization, in vitro and in vivo Assessment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6347-6376. [PMID: 36540376 PMCID: PMC9759982 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s381353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the furthermost advanced neurodegenerative disorders resulting in cognitive and behavioral impairment. Citicoline sodium (CIT) boosts the brain's secretion of acetylcholine, which aids in membrane regeneration and repair. However, it suffers from poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation, which results in lower levels of CIT in the brain. PURPOSE This study targeted to encapsulate CIT into novel nano-platform transbilosomes decorated with hyaluronic acid CIT-HA*TBLs to achieve enhanced drug delivery from the nose to the brain. METHODS A method of thin-film hydration was utilized to prepare different formulae of CIT-TBLs using the Box-Behnken design. The optimized formula was then hyuloranated via integration of HA to form the CIT-HA*TBLs formula. Furthermore, AD induction was performed by aluminum chloride (Alcl3), animals were allocated, and brain hippocampus tissue was isolated for ELISA and qRT-PCR analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and microRNA-137 (miR-137) coupled with immunohistochemical amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) expression and histopathological finding. RESULTS The hyuloranated CIT-HA*TBLs formula, which contained the following ingredients: PL (300 mg), Sp 60 (43.97 mg), and SDC (20 mg). They produced spherical droplets at the nanoscale (178.94 ±12.4 nm), had a high entrapment efficiency with 74.92± 5.54%, had a sustained release profile of CIT with 81.27 ±3.8% release, and had ex vivo permeation of CIT with 512.43±19.58 μg/cm2. In vivo tests showed that CIT-HA*TBL thermogel dramatically reduces the hippocampus expression of miR-137 and (Aβ1-42) expression, boosting cholinergic neurotransmission and decreasing MDA and NF-kB production. Furthermore, CIT-HA*TBLs thermogel mitigate histopathological damage in compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION Succinctly, the innovative loading of CIT-HA*TBLs thermogel is a prospectively invaluable intranasal drug delivery system that can raise the efficacy of CIT in Alzheimer's management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariman M AbouElhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Amal K Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Safwat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Castañeda Ruiz AJ, Shetab Boushehri MA, Phan T, Carle S, Garidel P, Buske J, Lamprecht A. Alternative Excipients for Protein Stabilization in Protein Therapeutics: Overcoming the Limitations of Polysorbates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2575. [PMID: 36559072 PMCID: PMC9781097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their safety and efficiency in protecting protein integrity, polysorbates (PSs) have been the most widely used excipients for the stabilization of protein therapeutics for years. In recent decades, however, there have been numerous reports about visible or sub-visible particles in PS-containing biotherapeutic products, which is a major quality concern for parenteral drugs. Alternative excipients that are safe for parenteral administration, efficient in protecting different protein drugs against various stress conditions, effective in protein stabilization in high-concentrated liquid formulations, stable under the storage conditions for the duration of the product's shelf-life, and compatible with other formulation components and the primary packaging are highly sought after. The aim of this paper is to review potential alternative excipients from different families, including surfactants, carbohydrate- and amino acid-based excipients, synthetic amphiphilic polymers, and ionic liquids that enable protein stabilization. For each category, important characteristics such as the ability to stabilize proteins against thermal and mechanical stresses, current knowledge related to the safety profile for parenteral administration, potential interactions with other formulation components, and primary packaging are debated. Based on the provided information and the detailed discussion thereof, this paper may pave the way for the identification or development of efficient excipients for biotherapeutic protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Castañeda Ruiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Phan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Alkilani AZ, Nasereddin J, Hamed R, Nimrawi S, Hussein G, Abo-Zour H, Donnelly RF. Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1152. [PMID: 35745725 PMCID: PMC9231212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ideal drug delivery system has a bioavailability comparable to parenteral dosage forms but is as convenient and easy to use for the patient as oral solid dosage forms. In recent years, there has been increased interest in transdermal drug delivery (TDD) as a non-invasive delivery approach that is generally regarded as being easy to administer to more vulnerable age groups, such as paediatric and geriatric patients, while avoiding certain bioavailability concerns that arise from oral drug delivery due to poor absorbability and metabolism concerns. However, despite its many merits, TDD remains restricted to a select few drugs. The physiology of the skin poses a barrier against the feasible delivery of many drugs, limiting its applicability to only those drugs that possess physicochemical properties allowing them to be successfully delivered transdermally. Several techniques have been developed to enhance the transdermal permeability of drugs. Both chemical (e.g., thermal and mechanical) and passive (vesicle, nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, solid dispersion, and nanocrystal) techniques have been investigated to enhance the permeability of drug substances across the skin. Furthermore, hybrid approaches combining chemical penetration enhancement technologies with physical technologies are being intensively researched to improve the skin permeation of drug substances. This review aims to summarize recent trends in TDD approaches and discuss the merits and drawbacks of the various chemical, physical, and hybrid approaches currently being investigated for improving drug permeability across the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Jehad Nasereddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Sukaina Nimrawi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Ghaid Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Hadeel Abo-Zour
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
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Ultra deformable vesicles for boosting transdermal delivery of 2-arylpropionic acid class drug for management of musculoskeletal pain. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Kathuria H, Handral HK, Cha S, Nguyen DTP, Cai J, Cao T, Wu C, Kang L. Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1457. [PMID: 34575533 PMCID: PMC8469902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the propylene glycol-based liposomes named 'proposomes' in enhancing skin permeation of drugs with different physicochemical properties. Ibuprofen, tofacitinib citrate, rhodamine B, and lidocaine were loaded into proposomes. These drug formulations were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro skin permeation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on skin treated with calcein and rhodamine B laden proposomes. The transdermal delivery relative to physicochemical properties of drugs such as logP, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, etc., were analyzed. We tested the safety of the proposomes using reconstructed human skin tissue equivalents, which were fabricated in-house. We also used human cadaver skin samples as a control. The proposomes had an average diameter of 128 to 148 nm. The drug's entrapment efficiencies were in the range of 42.9-52.7%, translating into the significant enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. The enhancement ratio was 1.4 to 4.0, and linearly correlated to logP, molecular weight, and melting point. Confocal imaging also showed higher skin permeation of calcein and rhodamine B in proposome than in solution. The proposome was found safe for skin application. The enhancement of skin delivery of drugs through proposomes was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The entrapment efficiency was positively correlated with logP of the drug, which led to high drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Harish K. Handral
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Saera Cha
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Diep T. P. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Junyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore;
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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Lee GY, Zeb A, Kim EH, Suh B, Shin YJ, Kim D, Kim KW, Choe YH, Choi HI, Lee CH, Qureshi OS, Han IB, Chang SY, Bae ON, Kim JK. CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes ameliorate acute skin inflammation in an ear edema model via effective CO delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2362-2373. [PMID: 33354507 PMCID: PMC7745126 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The short release half-life of carbon monoxide (CO) is a major obstacle to the effective therapeutic use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). The potential of CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes (CORM-2-UDLs) to enhance the release half-life of CO and alleviate skin inflammation was investigated in the present study. CORM-2-UDLs were prepared by using soy phosphatidylcholine to form lipid bilayers and Tween 80 as an edge activator. The deformability of CORM-2-UDLs was measured and compared with that of conventional liposomes by passing formulations through a filter device at a constant pressure. The release profile of CO from CORM-2-UDLs was evaluated by myoglobin assay. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of CORM-2-UDLs were assessed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and TPA-induced ear edema model, respectively. The deformability of the optimized CORM-2-UDLs was 2.3 times higher than conventional liposomes. CORM-2-UDLs significantly prolonged the release half-life of CO from 30 s in a CORM-2 solution to 21.6 min. CORM-2-UDLs demonstrated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing nitrite production and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, CORM-2-UDLs successfully ameliorated skin inflammation by reducing ear edema, pathological scores, neutrophil accumulation, and inflammatory cytokines expression. The results demonstrate that CORM-2-UDLs could be used as promising therapeutics against acute skin inflammation.
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14
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Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Fresta M, Paolino D. The Challenge of Nanovesicles for Selective Topical Delivery for Acne Treatment: Enhancing Absorption Whilst Avoiding Toxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9197-9210. [PMID: 33239876 PMCID: PMC7682599 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is a common skin disease that affect over 80% of adolescents. It is characterized by inflammation of the hair bulb and the attached sebaceous gland. To date, many strategies have been used to treat acne as a function of the disease severity. However, common treatments for acne seem to show several side effects, from local irritation to more serious collateral effects. The use of topical vesicular carriers able to deliver active compounds is currently considered as an excellent approach in the treatment of different skin diseases. Many results in the literature have proven that drug delivery systems are useful in overcoming the toxicity induced by common drug therapies, while maintaining their therapeutic efficacy. Starting from these assumptions, the authors reviewed drug delivery systems already realized for the topical treatment of acne, with a focus on their limitations and advantages over conventional treatment strategies. Although their exact mechanism of permeation is not often completely clear, deformable vesicles seem to be the best solution for obtaining a specific delivery of drugs into the deeper skin layers, with consequent increased local action and minimized collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
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15
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Bose S, Aggarwal S, Singh DV, Acharya N. Extracellular vesicles: An emerging platform in gram-positive bacteria. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2020; 7:312-322. [PMID: 33335921 PMCID: PMC7713254 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.12.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), also known as membrane vesicles, are produced as an end product of secretion by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Several reports suggest that archaea, gram-negative bacteria, and eukaryotic cells secrete membrane vesicles as a means for cell-free intercellular communication. EVs influence intercellular communication by transferring a myriad of biomolecules including genetic information. Also, EVs have been implicated in many phenomena such as stress response, intercellular competition, lateral gene transfer, and pathogenicity. However, the cellular process of secreting EVs in gram-positive bacteria is less studied. A notion with the thick cell-walled microbes such as gram-positive bacteria is that the EV release is impossible among them. The role of gram-positive EVs in health and diseases is being studied gradually. Being nano-sized, the EVs from gram-positive bacteria carry a diversity of cargo compounds that have a role in bacterial competition, survival, invasion, host immune evasion, and infection. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the EVs produced by gram-positive bacteria. Also, we discuss the functional aspects of these components while comparing them with gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Bose
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Shifu Aggarwal
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Durg Vijai Singh
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya-824236, India
| | - Narottam Acharya
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
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16
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Lai F, Caddeo C, Manca ML, Manconi M, Sinico C, Fadda AM. What's new in the field of phospholipid vesicular nanocarriers for skin drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Transfersomal nanovesicles for nose-to-brain delivery of ofloxacin for better management of bacterial meningitis: Formulation, optimization by Box-Behnken design, characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Gonçalves A, Estevinho BN, Rocha F. Formulation approaches for improved retinoids delivery in the treatment of several pathologies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 143:80-90. [PMID: 31446044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid acid (RA) and other retinoids are extensively used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several types of cancer and skin disorders. However, the efficiency of these medical agents is compromised due to the unsatisfactory concentration of retinoids in the target cells/tissues. Furthermore, severe side-effects are related to retinoids administration. Incorporation of retinoids into carrier-based delivery systems using encapsulation technology has been proposed in order to overcome the limitations of using free retinoids in the treatment of several pathologies. The present work starts exploring the competences and the difficulties of using retinoids in health care. The metabolism and the main considerations about the mechanism of action of retinoids are also discussed. The final sections are focused on the most recent studies about RA controlled delivery systems to be used in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antónia Gonçalves
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta N Estevinho
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Mishra M, Kumar P, Rajawat JS, Malik R, Sharma G, Modgil A. Nanotechnology: Revolutionizing the Science of Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5086-5107. [PMID: 30727873 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206222415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing interest in the field of nanotechnology has led to its emergence in the field of medicine too.
Nanomedicines encompass the various medical tools, diagnostic agents and the drug delivery vehicles being
evolved with the advancements in the aura of nanotechnology. This review emphasizes on providing a cursory
literature on the past events that led to the procession of nanomedicines, various novel drug delivery systems
describing their structural features along with the pros and cons associated with them and the nanodrugs that
made a move to the clinical practice. It also focuses on the need of the novel drug delivery systems and the challenges
faced by the conventional drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gitanjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Amit Modgil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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20
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Kurtz SL, Lawson LB. Liposomes Enhance Dye Localization within the Mammary Ducts of Porcine Nipples. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1703-1713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Kurtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 United States
- Bioinnovation Ph.D. Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 United States
| | - Louise B. Lawson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 United States
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21
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Omar MM, Hasan OA, El Sisi AM. Preparation and optimization of lidocaine transferosomal gel containing permeation enhancers: a promising approach for enhancement of skin permeation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1551-1562. [PMID: 30880964 PMCID: PMC6396669 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s201356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop the topical gel containing transferosomal lidocaine as alternative to painful local anesthetic injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transfersomes were prepared by film hydration technique using soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. The prepared transfersomes were evaluated for the morphology, drug loading, %EE, particle size and in vitro release. The transferosomal gel of lidocaine was prepared using HPMC k15 as gelling agent and propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and polyamidoamine dendrimer third generation (PAMAM G3) solutions were used as permeation enhancer. The formulated gels were evaluated for pH, viscosity, drug content and ex-vivo permeation of the gel. The analgesic effect of the formulation was tested using tail flick test. RESULTS The transfersomes showed that transfersomes (F4) had the highest entrapment efficiency (%EE) approaching 79.87±2.35, low particle size 179.5 nm, and zeta potential of -43.5±4.74 mV. According to the rat tail flick test, the AUC0-90 minutes of the control formulation (lidocaine solution, A) was 352.32±5.87 seconds minutes. While the maximum AUC0-90 minutes value was found to be 570.5±6.81 seconds minutes for gel formulation (F) containing transfersomal lidocaine with PAMAM G3 dendrimer as permeation enhancer. In this case, the local anesthetic efficacy was increased by 1.62-folds as compared to control formulation. CONCLUSION From the present study, it can be concluded that the topical gel loaded with transfersomal lidocaine shows enhanced skin permeation effect along with increase in local anesthetic action of lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia, Egypt,
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt,
| | - Omiya Ali Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia, Egypt,
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt,
| | - Amani M El Sisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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22
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Peralta MF, Guzmán ML, Pérez AP, Apezteguia GA, Fórmica ML, Romero EL, Olivera ME, Carrer DC. Liposomes can both enhance or reduce drugs penetration through the skin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13253. [PMID: 30185887 PMCID: PMC6125578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The adequate formulation of topical vehicles to treat skin diseases is particularly complex. A desirable formulation should enhance the accumulation of the active drugs in the target tissue (the skin), while avoiding the penetration enhancement to be so large that the drugs reach the systemic circulation in toxic amounts. We have evaluated the transcutaneous penetration of three drugs chosen for their widely variable physicochemical properties: Amphotericin B, Imiquimod and Indole. We incorporated the drugs in fluid or ultra-flexible liposomes. Ultra-flexible liposomes produced enhancement of drug penetration into/through human skin in all cases in comparison with fluid liposomes without detergent, regardless of drug molecular weight. At the same time, our results indicate that liposomes can impede the transcutaneous penetration of molecules, in particular small ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma F Peralta
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra - CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma L Guzmán
- UNITEFA - CONICET, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Chemistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A P Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Nanomedicinas (CIDeN)- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - G A Apezteguia
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Nanomedicinas (CIDeN)- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Ma L Fórmica
- UNITEFA - CONICET, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Chemistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E L Romero
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Nanomedicinas (CIDeN)- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Ma E Olivera
- UNITEFA - CONICET, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Chemistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D C Carrer
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra - CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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23
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Uchino T, Hatta I, Miyazaki Y, Onai T, Yamazaki T, Sugiura F, Kagawa Y. Modulation mechanism of the stratum corneum structure during permeation of surfactant-based rigid and elastic vesicles. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:222-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Ahad A, Al-Saleh AA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Raish M, Yassin AEB, Alam MA. Formulation and characterization of novel soft nanovesicles for enhanced transdermal delivery of eprosartan mesylate. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:1040-1046. [PMID: 29158713 PMCID: PMC5681305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to formulate, optimize and evaluate the potential of novel soft nanovesicles i.e. nano-transfersomes, containing eprosartan mesylate (EM) for transdermal delivery. Nano-transfersomes of EM were developed using Phospholipon 90G, Span 80 (SP) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and characterized for vesicle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, in vitro skin permeation study and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The optimized nano-transfersomes formulation showed vesicles size of 108.53 ± 0.06 nm and entrapment efficiency of 63.00 ± 2.76%. The optimized nano-transfersomes provided an improved transdermal flux of 27.22 ± 0.29 µg/cm2/h with an enhancement ratio of 16.80 over traditional liposomes through Wistar rat skin. Confocal laser microscopy of rat skin treated with the optimized formulation showed that the formulation was eventually distributed and permeated deep into the rat skin. The present investigation has shown that the nature and concentration of surfactants (edge activators) influence immense control on the characteristics of nano-transfersomes. It was concluded that the developed nano-transfersomes surmount the limitation of low penetration ability of the traditional liposomes across the rat skin. Improved drug delivery presented by nano-transfersomes establishes this system as an encouraging dosage form for the delivery of EM via skin route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen A Al-Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Eldeen B Yassin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy-3163, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Abstract
Elastic liposomes have been developed and evaluated as novel topical and transdermal delivery systems. They share some similarities to conventional liposomes but their composition is designed to confer flexibility and elasticity in the lipid bilayer structure. Elastic liposomes are applied non-occluded to the skin and are reported to permeate through the stratum corneum lipid lamellar regions as a result of the hydration or osmotic force in the skin. They have been investigated as drug carriers for a range of small molecules, peptides, proteins, and vaccines, both in vitro and in vivo. Following topical application, structural changes in the stratum corneum have been identified and intact elastic liposomes visualized within the stratum corneum lipid lamellar regions, but evidence of intact liposomes in the deeper viable tissues is limited. The method by which they transport their drug payload into and through the skin has been investigated but remains an area of contention. This chapter provides an overview of the development, characterization, and evaluation of elastic liposomes for delivery into and via the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A E Benson
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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26
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Jain S, Patel N, Shah MK, Khatri P, Vora N. Recent Advances in Lipid-Based Vesicles and Particulate Carriers for Topical and Transdermal Application. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:423-445. [PMID: 27865609 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the recent decade, skin delivery (topical and transdermal) has gained an unprecedented popularity, especially due to increased incidences of chronic skin diseases, demand for targeted and patient compliant delivery, and interest in life cycle management strategies among pharmaceutical companies. Literature review of recent publications indicates that among various skin delivery systems, lipid-based delivery systems (vesicular carriers and lipid particulate systems) have been the most successful. Vesicular carriers consist of liposomes, ultradeformable liposomes, and ethosomes, while lipid particulate systems consist of lipospheres, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. These systems can increase the skin drug transport by improving drug solubilization in the formulation, drug partitioning into the skin, and fluidizing skin lipids. Considering that lipid-based delivery systems are regarded as safe and efficient, they are proving to be an attractive delivery strategy for the pharmaceutical as well as cosmeceutical drug substances. However, development of these delivery systems requires comprehensive understanding of physicochemical characteristics of drug and delivery carriers, formulation and process variables, mechanism of skin delivery, recent technological advancements, specific limitations, and regulatory considerations. Therefore, this review article encompasses recent research advances addressing the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Jain
- Department of Product Development, G & W Labs, 101 Coolidge Street, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080.
| | - Niketkumar Patel
- Charles River Laboratories Contract Manufacturing PA, LLC, Boothwyn, Pennsylvania 19061
| | - Mansi K Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Pinak Khatri
- Department of Product Development, G & W PA Laboratories, Sellersville, Pennsylvania 18960
| | - Namrata Vora
- Department of Formulation Development, Capsugel Dosage Form Solutions Division, Xcelience, Tampa, Florida 33634
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27
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Faisal W, Soliman GM, Hamdan AM. Enhanced skin deposition and delivery of voriconazole using ethosomal preparations. J Liposome Res 2016; 28:14-21. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1239636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Faisal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,
| | - Ghareb M. Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Singh S, Vardhan H, Kotla NG, Maddiboyina B, Sharma D, Webster TJ. The role of surfactants in the formulation of elastic liposomal gels containing a synthetic opioid analgesic. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1475-82. [PMID: 27114707 PMCID: PMC4833371 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have made significant contributions to the medical community, but have yet to completely substitute oral or parenteral delivery. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of therapeutics. Primarily, they include iontophoresis, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, microneedles, and vesicular systems. Among these strategies, elastic liposomes appear promising. Elastic vesicle scaffolds have been developed and evaluated as novel topical and transdermal delivery systems, with an infrastructure consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together, and as a result, such scaffolds can accommodate drug molecules with a wide range of solubility. High deformability of these vesicles provides for better penetration of intact vesicles. This system is much more efficient at delivering low- and high-molecular-weight drugs to the skin in terms of quantity and depth. In this work, elastic liposomes of Tramadol HCl were prepared using a solvent evaporation method with different surfactants and were characterized using microscopy, and particle size, shape, drug content, ex vivo release, and zeta potential were also calculated. The prepared elastic liposomes were found to be in the range of 152.4 nm with a zeta potential of −22.4 mV; the entrapment efficiencies of the selected formulation was found to be 79.71%±0.27%. All formulations in the form of a gel were evaluated for physicochemical properties and were found to be homogeneous with no grittiness, and the pH of all formulations was found to be neutral. The optimized selected elastic liposomal formulation followed the Higuchi equation and Fickian diffusion and released the drug for a period of 24 hours. The overall results provide much promise for the continued investigation of deformable vesicles as transdermal drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Harsh Vardhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- Center for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Balaji Maddiboyina
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishwabharathi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, India
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Rossetti FC, Depieri LV, Praça FG, Del Ciampo JO, Fantini MCA, Pierre MBR, Tedesco AC, Bentley MVLB. Optimization of protoporphyrin IX skin delivery for topical photodynamic therapy: Nanodispersions of liquid-crystalline phase as nanocarriers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 83:99-108. [PMID: 26657201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanodispersions of liquid-crystalline phases (NLPs) composed of monoolein and oleic acid were chosen as nanocarriers to improve the topical retention of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and thereby optimize photodynamic therapy (PDT) using this photosensitizer. The nanodispersions were characterized by polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. The stability and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the nanodispersions were also evaluated. In vitro and in vivo skin penetration studies were performed to determine the potential of the nanodispersions for cutaneous application. In addition, skin penetration and skin irritancy (in an animal model) after in vivo application were visualized by fluorescence light microscopy. The nanodispersion obtained was characterized as a monodisperse system (~150.0 nm) of hexagonal liquid-crystalline phase, which provided a high encapsulation efficiency of PpIX (~88%) that remained stable over 90 days of investigation. Skin penetration studies demonstrated that the nanodispersion enhanced PpIX skin uptake 11.8- and 3.3-fold (in vitro) and 23.6- and 20.8-fold (in vivo) compared to the PpIX skin uptake of control formulations, respectively. In addition, the hexagonal phase nanodispersion did not cause skin irritation after application for two consecutive days. Overall, the results show that the nanocarrier developed is suitable for use in topical PDT with PpIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábia Cristina Rossetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-160, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Vieira Depieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-160, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-160, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Orestes Del Ciampo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-160, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Cláudio Tedesco
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-160, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Developing a transdermal drug delivery system is a challenging task considering the selective permeability of the skin and the physicochemical properties the drug must possess to permeate through the skin. Lipid-based drug delivery systems have contributed a great deal in this direction in the last few decades, and thereby have helped to expand the range of therapeutic molecules that can be delivered through the skin in a safe and effective manner. Additionally, vesicular delivery systems such as nanoparticles and emulsions have also played important roles in providing alternative novel approaches for drug delivery. In this article, we will discuss some of the current and future lipid-based systems for transdermal drug delivery along with the associated challenges.
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Shah SM, Ashtikar M, Jain AS, Makhija DT, Nikam Y, Gude RP, Steiniger F, Jagtap AA, Nagarsenker MS, Fahr A. LeciPlex, invasomes, and liposomes: A skin penetration study. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:391-403. [PMID: 26002568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares three vesicular systems, cationic LeciPlex, invasomes, and conventional liposomes for their ability to deliver drugs deep into the skin. Skin penetration ability of the three vesicular systems was studied for two drugs namely idebenone (antioxidant/anticancer) and azelaic acid (antiacne). All systems showed sizes in nanometer range with small polydispersity indices. Vesicular systems were characterized by CryoTEM studies to understand the differences in morphology of the vesicular systems. Ex vivo human skin penetration studies suggested a pattern in penetration of drugs in different layers of the skin: LeciPlex showed higher penetration for idebenone whereas invasomes showed higher penetration of azelaic acid. Ex vivo study using a fluorescent dye (DiI) was performed to understand the differences in the penetration behavior of the three vesicular systems on excised human skin. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on B16F10 melanoma cell lines revealed, when loaded with idebenone, LeciPlex formulations had the superior activity followed by invasomes and liposomes. In vitro antimicrobial study of azelaic acid loaded systems on Propionibacterium acne revealed high antimicrobial activity for DDAB leciplex followed by almost equal activity for invasomes and CTAB LeciPlex followed by liposomes. Whereas antiacne efficacy study in rats for azelaic acid loaded systems, invasomes exhibited the best antiacne efficacy followed by liposomes and LeciPlex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Mukul Ashtikar
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ankitkumar S Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Dinesh T Makhija
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Yuvraj Nikam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, 410210 Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv P Gude
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, 410210 Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, D07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aarti A Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Mangal S Nagarsenker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India.
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Fathi-Azarbayjani A, Ng KX, Chan YW, Chan SY. Lipid Vesicles for the Skin Delivery of Diclofenac: Cerosomes vs. Other Lipid Suspensions. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:25-33. [PMID: 25789216 PMCID: PMC4352220 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2015.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid suspensions as drug carriers, including conventional liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, proniosomes, niosomes, PEG-PPG-PEG niosomes and stratum corneum liposomes (cerosomes), were formulated and compared. METHODS Lipid vesicles were formulated and assessed with regards to enhancement of skin permeation of diclofenac and stability profiles of the formulations. Formulation-induced changes of the biophysical structure of excised human skin were monitored using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS The stability profiles of these suspensions over 12 weeks did not show any significant drug leakage from the vesicles of interest (p > 0.05). FTIR observations indicated that the vesicles increased stratum corneum (SC) lipid fluidization and altered protein conformation. Skin permeability experiments showed that the free unencapsulated drug in the cerosomal formulations caused significant increase in drug permeation across the skin (p < 0.01). Low skin permeability of drug from the other lipid suspensions could be due to the entrapment of diclofenac within these vesicles which decreased the solubility of the hydrophilic drug in the skin lipids and the partition coefficient of the drug from these vesicles into the SC. CONCLUSION Optimal drug entrapment in vesicles or alteration of the skin structure may not necessarily enhance the permeation of hydrophilic drugs across the human skin. These lipid vesicles may be further developed into carriers of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs for topical and transdermal delivery, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjani
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S4, level 2, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- Departent of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kai Xin Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S4, level 2, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yew Weng Chan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, 169608, Singapore
| | - Sui Yung Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S4, level 2, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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Aboud HM, Ali AA, El-Menshawe SF, Elbary AA. Nanotransfersomes of carvedilol for intranasal delivery: formulation, characterization and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2471-2481. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1013587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt and
| | - Adel Ahmed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt and
| | - Shahira F. El-Menshawe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt and
| | - Ahmed Abd Elbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kwon SS, Kim SY, Kong BJ, Kim KJ, Noh GY, Im NR, Lim JW, Ha JH, Kim J, Park SN. Cell penetrating peptide conjugated liposomes as transdermal delivery system of Polygonum aviculare L. extract. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:26-37. [PMID: 25623491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Polygonum aviculare L. extract, which has superior antioxidative and cellular membrane protective activity, was loaded onto cell penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugated liposomes to enhance transdermal delivery. The physical characteristics of typical liposomes and CPP-conjugated liposomes containing P. aviculare extract were evaluated. The particle sizes of both liposomes were approximately 150 nm. Whereas the zeta potential of typical liposomes was -45 mV, that of CPP-conjugated liposomes was +42 mV. The loading efficiency of P. aviculare extract in both liposomes was calculated to be about 83%. Fluorescent-labeled liposomes were prepared to evaluate cellular uptake and skin permeation efficiency. Using flow cytometry, we found that CPP-conjugated liposomes improved cellular uptake of the fluorescent dye as compared with the typical liposomes. In addition, the skin permeation of CPP-conjugated liposomes was proved higher than that of typical liposomes by confocal laser scanning microscopy studies and Franz diffusion cell experiments. The improved cellular uptake and skin permeation of the CPP-conjugated liposomes were due to the cationic arginine-rich peptide. In vivo studies also determined that the CPP-conjugated liposomes were more effective in depigmentation and anti-wrinkle studies than typical liposomes. These results indicate that the CPP-conjugated liposomes could be effective for transdermal drug delivery of antioxidant and anti-aging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sik Kwon
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Bong Ju Kong
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Geun Young Noh
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Na Ri Im
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ha
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Junoh Kim
- R&D Unit, AMOREPACIFIC Co., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-729, South Korea.
| | - Soo Nam Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea.
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Subongkot T, Pamornpathomkul B, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T. Investigation of the mechanism of enhanced skin penetration by ultradeformable liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3539-50. [PMID: 25114524 PMCID: PMC4122424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which ultradeformable liposomes (ULs) with terpenes enhance skin penetration for transdermal drug delivery of fluorescein sodium, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Skin treated with ULs containing d-limonene, obtained from in vitro skin penetration studies, was examined via TEM to investigate the effect of ULs on ultrastructural changes of the skin, and to evaluate the mechanism by which ULs enhance skin penetration. The receiver medium collected was analyzed by TEM and CLSM to evaluate the mechanism of the drug carrier system. Our findings revealed that ULs could enhance penetration by denaturing intracellular keratin, degrading corneodesmosomes, and disrupting the intercellular lipid arrangement in the stratum corneum. As inferred from the presence of intact vesicles in the receiver medium, ULs are also able to act as a drug carrier system. CLSM images showed that intact vesicles of ULs might penetrate the skin via a transappendageal pathway, potentially a major route of skin penetration.
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Transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen from surfactant-based vesicles: Particle characterization and the effect of water on in vitro transport. Int J Pharm 2014; 464:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Uchino T, Lefeber F, Gooris G, Bouwstra J. Characterization and skin permeation of ketoprofen-loaded vesicular systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 86:156-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Highly deformable and highly fluid vesicles as potential drug delivery systems: theoretical and practical considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3171-86. [PMID: 23986634 PMCID: PMC3754763 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicles that are specifically designed to overcome the stratum corneum barrier in intact skin provide an efficient transdermal (systemic or local) drug delivery system. They can be classified into two main groups according to the mechanisms underlying their skin interaction. The first group comprises those possessing highly deformable bilayers, achieved by incorporating edge activators to the bilayers or by mixing with certain hydrophilic solutes. The vesicles of this group act as drug carriers that penetrate across hydrophilic pathways of the intact skin. The second group comprises those possessing highly fluid bilayers, owing to the presence of permeation enhancers. The vesicles of this group can act as carriers of drugs that permeate the skin after the barrier of the stratum corneum is altered because of synergistic action with the permeation enhancers contained in the vesicle structure. We have included a detailed overview of the different mechanisms of skin interaction and discussed the most promising preclinical applications of the last five years of Transfersomes® (IDEA AG, Munich, Germany), ethosomes, and invasomes as carriers of antitumoral and anti-inflammatory drugs applied by the topical route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ascenso A, Cruz M, Euletério C, Carvalho FA, Santos NC, Marques HC, Simões S. Novel tretinoin formulations: a drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome approach. J Liposome Res 2013; 23:211-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.788026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chen J, Lu WL, Gu W, Lu SS, Chen ZP, Cai BC. Skin permeation behavior of elastic liposomes: role of formulation ingredients. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:845-56. [PMID: 23550630 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.779252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the incorporation of edge activators into the lipid bilayer structure, elasticity properties are given to liposomes. Regardless of the debate over the precise permeation mechanism of elastic liposomes, these vesicles have been proven to enhance drug permeation into or through skin in most cases. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of the formulation ingredients of elastic liposomes and their relationship with skin permeation behavior. The ingredients are divided into two categories of basic and optional ingredients. The effect of stability on permeation behavior of the vesicles is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION More attention should be paid to the stability of elastic liposomes. The different stability properties of the elastic liposomes following administration can induce different skin permeation behaviors of the vesicles. It is necessary to select the optimum composition of the elastic liposomes in order to control the stability and permeation behavior of the vesicles into or through the skin. Moreover, for the development of elastic liposomes, particular attention should also be paid to the drug leakage from the vesicles during long-term storage. The application of optional ingredients to improve the stability and/or elasticity of the elastic liposomes is becoming a new trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, PR China
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Waters LJ, Dennis L, Bibi A, Mitchell JC. Surfactant and temperature effects on paraben transport through silicone membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:23-8. [PMID: 23511625 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of two surfactants (one anionic and one non-ionic) and controlled modifications in temperature (298-323K) on the permeation of two structurally similar compounds through a silicone membrane using a Franz diffusion cell system. In all cases the presence of an anionic surfactant, namely sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), reduced the permeation of both compounds (methylparaben and ethylparaben) over a period of 24h. The degree of permeation reduction was proportional to the concentration of surfactant with a maximum effect observed, with an average reduction of approximately 50%, at the highest surfactant concentration of 20mM. Differences were seen around the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS implying the effect was partially connected with the favoured formation of micelles. In contrast, the presence of non-ionic surfactant (Brij 35) had no effect on the permeation of methylparaben or ethylparaben at any of the concentrations investigated, both above and below the CMC of the surfactant. From these findings the authors conclude that the specific effects of SDS are a consequence of ionic surfactant-silicone interactions retarding the movement of paraben through the membrane through indirect modifications to the surface of the membrane. As expected, an increase in experimental temperature appeared to enhance the permeation of both model compounds, a finding that is in agreement with previously reported data. Interestingly, in the majority of cases this effect was optimum at the second highest temperature studied (45°C) which suggests that permeation is a temperature-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Waters
- Division of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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Chen G, Li D, Jin Y, Zhang W, Teng L, Bunt C, Wen J. Deformable liposomes by reverse-phase evaporation method for an enhanced skin delivery of (+)-catechin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:260-5. [PMID: 23356860 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.756512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (+)-catechin, as the most common catechin isomer, is recognized to be an antioxidant which benefits the skin in many ways. The purpose of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a suitable liposomal delivery systems for (+)-catechin topical application. METHODS In this study, catechin-loaded conventional liposomal delivery system, deformable conventional liposomal delivery system and deformable liposomes prepared by reverse-phase evaporation (REV) method were compared. The three systems were characterized for liposome particle size, zeta-potential, entrapment efficiency, drug release, permeability across porcine skin and catechin deposition in the skin. RESULTS It was revealed that the size of deformable conventional liposomes before freeze-drying and deformable REV liposomes after freeze-drying range from 335.6 ± 71.7 nm to 551.1 ± 53.4 nm, respectively, which were considered to be suitable for skin delivery. The deformable REV liposomes had a higher aqueous volume and thus were able to entrap greater amounts of hydrophilic (+)-catechin (50.0 ± 5.9%) compared to conventional (30.0 ± 3.8%) and deformable conventional liposomes (36.1 ± 4.6%). All liposomal formulations exhibited a prolonged catechin release. Compared to deformable liposomes, the REV deformable liposomes showed a significantly better deposition of (+)-catechin while catechin solution did not permeate into the porcine ear skin. CONCLUSION Among all formulations studied, deformable REV liposomes were considered to be favorable for catechin topical delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, the University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Patel RB, Parikh RH. Preparation and formulation of transferosomes containing an antifungal agent for transdermal delivery: Application of Plackett-Burman design to identify significant factors influencing vesicle size. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:S60-1. [PMID: 23066209 PMCID: PMC3467850 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferosomes containing an anti-fungal agent were prepared by Rotary Flask Evaporation -Sonication method. Eight batches were prepared in triplicate and vesicle size of each batch was determined. Plackett-Burman Design was employed to identify significant formulation and process parameters affecting vesicle size. The amount of lipid and surfactant, volume of ethanol and hydration medium as well as hydration time significantly affect the vesicle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutu B Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
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Subongkot T, Duangjit S, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T. Ultradeformable liposomes with terpenes for delivery of hydrophilic compound. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:254-62. [PMID: 22663352 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.690158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultradeformable liposomes containing penetration enhancers were created to deliver NaFl. Vesicles were investigated for their particle size, zeta potential, NaFl entrapment efficiency (%EE), loading efficiency, and in vitro skin penetration. The vesicles obtained were spherical in shape, with a particle size of less than 100 nm and a negative surface charge (-6 to -11 mV). The %EE of NaFl loaded in vesicles ranged from 37 to 48%. Ultradeformable liposomes with monoterpenes (d-limonene, 1,8-cineole and geraniol) significantly improved NaFl penetration through the skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis confirmed skin-penetration results and was used to evaluate the behavior of hydrophilic compounds penetrating through the skin.
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Szűts A, Szabó-Révész P. Sucrose esters as natural surfactants in drug delivery systems--a mini-review. Int J Pharm 2012; 433:1-9. [PMID: 22575672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose esters (SEs) are widely used in the food and cosmetic industries and there has recently been great interest in their applicability in different pharmaceutical fields. They are natural and biodegradable excipients with well-known emulsifying and solubilizing behavior. Currently the most common pharmaceutical applications of SEs are for the enhancement of drug dissolution and drug absorption/permeation, and in controlled-release systems. Although the number of articles on SEs is continuously increasing, they have not yet been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this review is to discuss and summarize some of the findings and applications of SEs in different areas of drug delivery. The article highlights the main properties of SEs and focuses on their use in pharmaceutical technology and on their regulatory and toxicological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéla Szűts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
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Badran M, Shalaby K, Al-Omrani A. Influence of the flexible liposomes on the skin deposition of a hydrophilic model drug, carboxyfluorescein: dependency on their composition. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:134876. [PMID: 22536120 PMCID: PMC3334324 DOI: 10.1100/2012/134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of different flexible liposomes containing sodium cholate, Tween 80, or cineol on skin deposition of carboxyfluorescein (CF). Size distribution, morphology, zeta potential, and stability of the prepared vesicles were evaluated. The influence of these systems on the skin deposition of CF utilizing rat skin as membrane model was investigated. Results showed that all of the investigated liposomes had almost spherical shapes with low polydispersity (PDI < 0.3) and particles size range from 83 to 175 nm. All liposomal formulations exhibited negative zeta potential, good drug entrapment efficiency, and stability. In vitro skin deposition data showed that flexible liposomes gave significant deposition of CF on the skin compared to conventional liposomes and drug solutions. This study revealed that flexible liposomes, containing cineole, were able to deliver higher amount of CF suggesting that the hydrophilic drugs delivery to the skin was strictly correlated to the vesicle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Ethosomes, binary ethosomes and transfersomes of terbinafine hydrochloride: A comparative study. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:109-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arora S, Lamba H, Tiwari R. Dermal delivery of drugs using different vesicular carriers: A comparative review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8398.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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A novel vesicular carrier, transethosome, for enhanced skin delivery of voriconazole: characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 92:299-304. [PMID: 22205066 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a novel carrier, transethosome, for enhanced skin delivery of voriconazole. Transethosomes (TELs) are composed of phospholipid, ethanol, water and edge activator (surfactants) or permeation enhancer (oleic acid). Characterization of the TELs was based on results from recovery, particle size, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and elasticity studies. In addition, skin permeation profile was obtained using static vertical diffusion Franz cells and hairless mouse skin treated with TELs containing 0.3% (w/w) voriconazole, and compared with those of ethosomes (ELs), deformable liposomes (DLs), conventional liposomes (CLs) and control (polyethylene glycol, PG) solutions. The recovery of the studied vesicles was above 90% in all vesicles, as all of them contained ethanol (7-30%). There was no significant difference in the particles size of all vesicles. The TEM study revealed that the TELs were in irregular spherical shape, implying higher fluidity due to perturbed lipid bilayer compared to that of other vesicles which were of spherical shape. The zeta potential of vesicles containing sodium taurocholate or oleic acid showed higher negative value compared to other vesicles. The elasticities of ELs and TELs were much higher than that of CLs and DLs. Moreover, TELs dramatically enhanced the skin permeation of voriconazole compared to the control and other vesicles (p<0.05). Moreover, the TELs enhanced both in vitro and in vivo skin deposition of voriconazole in the dermis/epidermis region compared to DLs, CLs and control. Therefore, based on the current study, the novel carrier TELs could serve as an effective dermal delivery for voriconazole.
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Haag S, Chen M, Peters D, Keck C, Taskoparan B, Fahr A, Teutloff C, Bittl R, Lademann J, Schäfer-Korting M, Meinke M. Nanostructured lipid carriers as nitroxide depot system measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2011; 421:364-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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