1
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Leo LM, Al-Zoubi R, Hurst DP, Stephan AP, Zhao P, Tilley DG, Miess E, Schulz S, Abood ME, Reggio PH. The NPXXY Motif Regulates β-Arrestin Recruitment by the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:731-748. [PMID: 35792570 PMCID: PMC10589503 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of signaling effectors by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) depends on different molecular mechanisms triggered by conserved amino acid residues. Although studies have focused on the G-protein signaling state, the mechanism for β-arrestin signaling by CB1 is not yet well defined. Studies have indicated that transmembrane helix 7 (TMH7) and the highly conserved NPXXY motif can be subject to different conformational changes in response to biased ligands and could therefore participate in a molecular mechanism to trigger β-arrestin recruitment. Objective: To investigate the effect of mutations in the NPXXY motif on different signaling pathways activated by the CB1 receptor. Materials and Methods: Point mutations of the NPXXY motif and associated residues were generated in the CB1 receptor using site-directed mutagenesis and transfection into HEK-293 cells. Signaling by wild-type and mutant receptors was analyzed by quantifying inhibition of cAMP, and by β-arrestin recruitment assays. Results: We found that N7.49 and Y7.53 are essential for β-arrestin recruitment by CB1. N7.49A and Y7.53F impair β-arrestin signaling, with no effect on G-protein signaling. We found a regulatory role for residue I2.43; I2.43 interacts with Y7.53, affecting its positioning. Reducing steric bulk at I2.43 (I2.43A) enhances β-arrestin1 recruitment, while introducing a polar residue (I2.43T) reduces β-arrestin recruitment. Conclusions: These findings point to a novel mechanism for β-arrestin recruitment, implicating amino acids in the NPXXY motif as critical for the putative β-arrestin biased conformational state of Class A GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Leo
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rufaida Al-Zoubi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dow P. Hurst
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna P. Stephan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas G. Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elke Miess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mary E. Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Degrandmaison J, Grisé O, Parent JL, Gendron L. Differential barcoding of opioid receptors trafficking. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:99-128. [PMID: 34559903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, studies have highlighted the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) as a promising therapeutic target for chronic pain management. While exhibiting milder undesired effects than most currently prescribed opioids, its specific agonists elicit effective analgesic responses in numerous animal models of chronic pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic, diabetic, and cancer-related pain. However, as compared with the extensively studied μ-opioid receptor, the molecular mechanisms governing its trafficking remain elusive. Recent advances have denoted several significant particularities in the regulation of DOPr intracellular routing, setting it apart from the other members of the opioid receptor family. Although they share high homology, each opioid receptor subtype displays specific amino acid patterns potentially involved in the regulation of its trafficking. These precise motifs or "barcodes" are selectively recognized by regulatory proteins and therefore dictate several aspects of the itinerary of a receptor, including its anterograde transport, internalization, recycling, and degradation. With a specific focus on the regulation of DOPr trafficking, this review will discuss previously reported, as well as potential novel trafficking barcodes within the opioid and nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptors, and their impact in determining distinct interactomes and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Grisé
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Pain Research Network, QC, Canada
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3
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Substance P Serves as a Balanced Agonist for MRGPRX2 and a Single Tyrosine Residue Is Required for β-Arrestin Recruitment and Receptor Internalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105318. [PMID: 34070125 PMCID: PMC8158387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) mediates neurogenic inflammation and pain and contributes to atopic dermatitis in mice through the activation of mast cells (MCs) via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-B2 (MrgprB2, human ortholog MRGPRX2). In addition to G proteins, certain MRGPRX2 agonists activate an additional signaling pathway that involves the recruitment of β-arrestins, which contributes to receptor internalization and desensitization (balanced agonists). We found that SP caused β-arrestin recruitment, MRGPRX2 internalization, and desensitization. These responses were independent of G proteins, indicating that SP serves as a balanced agonist for MRGPRX2. A tyrosine residue in the highly conserved NPxxY motif contributes to the activation and internalization of many GPCRs. We have previously shown that Tyr279 of MRGPRX2 is essential for G protein-mediated signaling and degranulation. To assess its role in β-arrestin-mediated MRGPRX2 regulation, we replaced Tyr279 in the NPxxY motif of MRGPRX2 with Ala (Y279A). Surprisingly, we found that, unlike the wild-type receptor, Y279A mutant of MRGPRX2 was resistant to SP-induced β-arrestin recruitment and internalization. This study reveals the novel findings that activation of MRGPRX2 by SP is regulated by β-arrestins and that a highly conserved tyrosine residue within MRGPRX2’s NPxxY motif contributes to both G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated responses.
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4
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Li Y, Bao Y, Zheng H, Qin Y, Hua B. Can Src protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors be combined with opioid analgesics? Src and opioid-induced tolerance, hyperalgesia and addiction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111653. [PMID: 34243625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of opioids may be accompanied by a series of adverse consequences, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioid dependence or addiction. In view of this issue, clinicians are faced with the dilemma of treating various types of pain with or without opioids. In this review, we discuss that Src protein tyrosine kinase plays an important role in these adverse consequences, and Src inhibitors can solve these problems well. Therefore, Src inhibitors have the potential to be used in combination with opioids to achieve synergy. How to combine them together to maximize the analgesic effect while avoiding unnecessary trouble provides a topic for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinggang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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Camacho E, Marie N, Dupas Q, Martel C, Nowoczyn M, Elie N, Rochais C, Töth G, Allouche S. Impact of T161, Y318 and S363 alanine mutations on regulation of the human delta-opioid receptor (hDOPr) induced by peptidic and alkaloid agonists. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108286. [PMID: 32841607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed a differential regulation of the human delta-opioid receptor (hDOPr) by etorphine and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE). To understand the molecular basis of such differences, we introduced 3 alanine mutations at the residues T161. Y318 and S363. Both wild type (WT) and hDOPr mutants were expressed in HEK cells containing endogenous arrestins or CFP-tagged arrestin 3, then desensitization, internalization, recycling and phosphorylation were studied. In a context of endogenous arrestin expression, a major difference in DOPr desensitization was observed between agonists that was modified with the T161A mutation upon etorphine and with the S363A substitution upon DPDPE exposure. While both agonists induced a major receptor internalization, T161A and S363A impaired DOPr sequestration only for etorphine. However, similar level of S363 phosphorylation was measured between agonists. When CFP-tagged arrestin 3 was over-expressed, a similar profile of desensitization was measured for both agonists. In this context, all the 3 alanine mutations decreased etorphine-induced receptor desensitization. Using FRET, we showed similar interactions between WT hDOPr and arrestin 3 under DPDPE and etorphine stimulation which were delayed by both the Y318A and the S363A substitutions for etorphine. Finally, hDOPr recycling was qualitatively evaluated by microscopy and showed neither arrestin 3/hDOPr colocalization nor major impact of alanine mutations except for the S363A which impaired internalization and recycling for etorphine. The T161, Y318 and S363 residues of hDOPr could underlie the differential regulation promoted by DPDPE and etorphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Camacho
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions D'ischémie-reperfusion Myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Marie
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8206, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale. U705, Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Neuropsychopharmacologie des Addictions, 4 Avenue de L'observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Dupas
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions D'ischémie-reperfusion Myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Martel
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions D'ischémie-reperfusion Myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Marie Nowoczyn
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions D'ischémie-reperfusion Myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Plateau D'Histo-Imagerie Quantitative, CmaBio(3), SF 4206 ICORE, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Centre D'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Geza Töth
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions D'ischémie-reperfusion Myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France.
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6
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Gendron L, Nagi K, Zeghal M, Giguère PM, Pineyro G. Molecular aspects of delta opioid receptors. OPIOID HORMONES 2019; 111:49-90. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Gendron L, Cahill CM, von Zastrow M, Schiller PW, Pineyro G. Molecular Pharmacology of δ-Opioid Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:631-700. [PMID: 27343248 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective analgesics available and are the first choice in the treatment of acute severe pain. However, partial efficacy, a tendency to produce tolerance, and a host of ill-tolerated side effects make clinically available opioids less effective in the management of chronic pain syndromes. Given that most therapeutic opioids produce their actions via µ-opioid receptors (MOPrs), other targets are constantly being explored, among which δ-opioid receptors (DOPrs) are being increasingly considered as promising alternatives. This review addresses DOPrs from the perspective of cellular and molecular determinants of their pharmacological diversity. Thus, DOPr ligands are examined in terms of structural and functional variety, DOPrs' capacity to engage a multiplicity of canonical and noncanonical G protein-dependent responses is surveyed, and evidence supporting ligand-specific signaling and regulation is analyzed. Pharmacological DOPr subtypes are examined in light of the ability of DOPr to organize into multimeric arrays and to adopt multiple active conformations as well as differences in ligand kinetics. Current knowledge on DOPr targeting to the membrane is examined as a means of understanding how these receptors are especially active in chronic pain management. Insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms of pharmacological diversity should guide the rational design of more effective, longer-lasting, and better-tolerated opioid analgesics for chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'excellence en neurosciences de l'Univeristé de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Québec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (L.G.); Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California (C.M.C.); Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C.); Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California (M.v.Z.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (P.W.S.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.P.)
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8
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Bamidele AO, Kremer KN, Hirsova P, Clift IC, Gores GJ, Billadeau DD, Hedin KE. IQGAP1 promotes CXCR4 chemokine receptor function and trafficking via EEA-1+ endosomes. J Cell Biol 2016. [PMID: 26195666 PMCID: PMC4508899 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 mediates CXCR4 cell surface expression and signaling by regulating EEA-1+ endosome interactions with microtubules during CXCR4 trafficking and recycling. IQ motif–containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a cytoskeleton-interacting scaffold protein. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that binds stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1; also known as CXCL12). Both IQGAP1 and CXCR4 are overexpressed in cancer cell types, yet it was unclear whether these molecules functionally interact. Here, we show that depleting IQGAP1 in Jurkat T leukemic cells reduced CXCR4 expression, disrupted trafficking of endocytosed CXCR4 via EEA-1+ endosomes, and decreased efficiency of CXCR4 recycling. SDF-1–induced cell migration and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK) MAPK were strongly inhibited, even when forced overexpression restored CXCR4 levels. Similar results were seen in KMBC and HEK293 cells. Exploring the mechanism, we found that SDF-1 treatment induced IQGAP1 binding to α-tubulin and localization to CXCR4-containing endosomes and that CXCR4-containing EEA-1+ endosomes were abnormally located distal from the microtubule (MT)-organizing center (MTOC) in IQGAP1-deficient cells. Thus, IQGAP1 critically mediates CXCR4 cell surface expression and signaling, evidently by regulating EEA-1+ endosome interactions with MTs during CXCR4 trafficking and recycling. IQGAP1 may similarly promote CXCR4 functions in other cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Ian C Clift
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Neurobiology of Disease Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Karen E Hedin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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9
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Mélik Parsadaniantz S, Rivat C, Rostène W, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Opioid and chemokine receptor crosstalk: a promising target for pain therapy? Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:69-78. [PMID: 25588373 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and opioids are important regulators of immune, inflammatory and neuronal responses in peripheral and central pain pathways. Recent studies have provided insights into the functional interactions between chemokine receptors and opioid receptors, and their role in pain modulation. In this Progress article, we discuss how crosstalk between these two systems might provide a molecular and cellular framework for the development of novel analgesic therapies for the management of acute and/or chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyril Rivat
- Université de Montpellier 2, F-34091, Montpellier, France; and INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - William Rostène
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR_S968, F-75012, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR_7210, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR_S968, F-75012, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR_7210, F-75012, Paris, France
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10
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Allouche S, Noble F, Marie N. Opioid receptor desensitization: mechanisms and its link to tolerance. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:280. [PMID: 25566076 PMCID: PMC4270172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors (OR) are part of the class A of G-protein coupled receptors and the target of the opiates, the most powerful analgesic molecules used in clinic. During a protracted use, a tolerance to analgesic effect develops resulting in a reduction of the effectiveness. So understanding mechanisms of tolerance is a great challenge and may help to find new strategies to tackle this side effect. This review will summarize receptor-related mechanisms that could underlie tolerance especially receptor desensitization. We will focus on the latest data obtained on molecular mechanisms involved in opioid receptor desensitization: phosphorylation, receptor uncoupling, internalization, and post-endocytic fate of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Allouche
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions D'ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique, Université de Caen, UPRES EA 4650, IFR 146 ICORE Caen, France
| | - Florence Noble
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 3649 Paris, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1124 Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Neuroplasticité et Thérapies des Addictions Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Marie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 3649 Paris, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1124 Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Neuroplasticité et Thérapies des Addictions Paris, France
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11
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Gendron L, Mittal N, Beaudry H, Walwyn W. Recent advances on the δ opioid receptor: from trafficking to function. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:403-19. [PMID: 24665909 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Within the opioid family of receptors, δ (DOPrs) and μ opioid receptors (MOPrs) are typical GPCRs that activate canonical second-messenger signalling cascades to influence diverse cellular functions in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. These receptors activate well-known pathways to influence ion channel function and pathways such as the map kinase cascade, AC and PI3K. In addition new information regarding opioid receptor-interacting proteins, downstream signalling pathways and resultant functional effects has recently come to light. In this review, we will examine these novel findings focusing on the DOPr and, in doing so, will contrast and compare DOPrs with MOPrs in terms of differences and similarities in function, signalling pathways, distribution and interactions. We will also discuss and clarify issues that have recently surfaced regarding the expression and function of DOPrs in different cell types and analgesia. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gendron
- Département de physiologie et biophysique, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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12
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Bradbury FA, Zelnik JC, Traynor JR. G protein independent phosphorylation and internalization of the delta-opioid receptor. J Neurochem 2009; 109:1526-35. [PMID: 19344370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Agonist activation of the delta-opioid receptor leads to internalization via G betagamma recruitment of G protein coupled receptor kinase-2, which phosphorylates the receptor at several sites, including Ser363, allowing beta-arrestin binding and localization to clathrin coated pits. Using human embryonic kidney cells expressing a delta-opioid receptor we tested the hypothesis that prevention of receptor coupling to G protein by treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) will block these processes. PTX treatment did not reduce phosphorylation of delta-opioid receptor Ser363 in response to the agonist [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, or recruitment of beta-arrestin 2-green fluorescent protein to the membrane and only slowed, but did not prevent, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin-induced internalization. Similarly, PTX treatment only partially prevented the ability of the delta-opioid peptide agonists deltorphin II and [Met5]enkephalin and the non-peptide agonist BW373U86 to induce receptor internalization. No internalization was seen with morphine, oxymorphindole or the putative delta(1)-opioid agonist TAN-67 in the presence or absence of PTX, even though TAN-67 showed a strong activation of G protein, as measured by guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate binding. The ability of an agonist to stimulate phosphorylation at Ser363 was predictive of its capacity to induce internalization. The results suggest a role for G protein in delta-opioid receptor internalization, but show that alternative G protein independent pathways exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye A Bradbury
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632, USA
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13
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Archer-Lahlou E, Audet N, Amraei MG, Huard K, Paquin-Gobeil M, Pineyro G. Src promotes delta opioid receptor (DOR) desensitization by interfering with receptor recycling. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:147-63. [PMID: 18363847 PMCID: PMC3823043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract An important limitation in the clinical use of opiates is progressive loss of analgesic efficacy over time. Development of analgesic tolerance is tightly linked to receptor desensitization. In the case of delta opioid receptors (DOR), desensitization is especially swift because receptors are rapidly internalized and are poorly recycled to the membrane. In the present study, we investigated whether Src activity contributed to this sorting pattern and to functional desensitization of DORs. A first series of experiments demonstrated that agonist binding activates Src and destabilizes a constitutive complex formed by the spontaneous association of DORs with the kinase. Src contribution to DOR desensitization was then established by showing that pre-treatment with Src inhibitor PP2 (20 microM; 1 hr) or transfection of a dominant negative Src mutant preserved DOR signalling following sustained exposure to an agonist. This protection was afforded without interfering with endocytosis, but suboptimal internalization interfered with PP2 ability to preserve DOR signalling, suggesting a post-endocytic site of action for the kinase. This assumption was confirmed by demonstrating that Src inhibition by PP2 or its silencing by siRNA increased membrane recovery of internalized DORs and was further corroborated by showing that inhibition of recycling by monensin or dominant negative Rab11 (Rab11S25N) abolished the ability of Src blockers to prevent desensitization. Finally, Src inhibitors accelerated recovery of DOR-Galphal3 coupling after desensitization. Taken together, these results indicate that Src dynamically regulates DOR recycling and by doing so contributes to desensitization of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Archer-Lahlou
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Audet
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Karine Huard
- Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Paquin-Gobeil
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montréal, Canada
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14
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Zhang L, Zhao H, Qiu Y, Loh HH, Law PY. Src phosphorylation of micro-receptor is responsible for the receptor switching from an inhibitory to a stimulatory signal. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:1990-2000. [PMID: 19029294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807971200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that in G protein-coupled receptor signalings switching between G protein- and beta-arrestin (betaArr)-dependent pathways occurs. In the case of opioid receptors, the signal is switched from the initial inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) to an increase in AC activity (AC activation) during prolonged agonist treatment. The mechanism of such AC activation has been suggested to involve the switching of G proteins activated by the receptor, phosphorylation of signaling molecules, or receptor-dependent recruitment of cellular proteins. Using protein kinase inhibitors, dominant negative mutant studies and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells isolated from Src kinase knock-out mice, we demonstrated that mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1)-mediated AC activation requires direct association and activation of Src kinase by lipid raft-located OPRM1. Such Src activation was independent of betaArr as indicated by the ability of OPRM1 to activate Src and AC after prolonged agonist treatment in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells lacking both betaArr-1 and -2. Instead the switching of OPRM1 signals was dependent on the heterotrimeric G protein, specifically Gi2 alpha-subunit. Among the Src kinase substrates, OPRM1 was phosphorylated at Tyr336 within NPXXY motif by Src during AC activation. Mutation of this Tyr residue, together with mutation of Tyr166 within the DRY motif to Phe, resulted in the complete blunting of AC activation. Thus, the recruitment and activation of Src kinase by OPRM1 during chronic agonist treatment, which eventually results in the receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, is the key for switching the opioid receptor signals from its initial AC inhibition to subsequent AC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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15
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Zhu M, Li MW, Tian XS, Ou XM, Zhu CQ, Guo JC. Neuroprotective role of delta-opioid receptors against mitochondrial respiratory chain injury. Brain Res 2008; 1252:183-91. [PMID: 19056363 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is recognized in recent years that activation of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) elicits neuroprotection against hypoxia and ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood yet. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in hypoxic neuronal injury, but the effect of DOR activation on neurons with a mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency is poorly elucidated. In this study we tested the effects of DOR activation and inhibition on cultured cortical neurons after inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain with sodium azide (NaN(3)) in days 8 cultures. Neuronal injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release. Changes in DOR proteins were investigated using an antibody against the N-terminus of the DOR, which recognizes the 60, 48, and 32 kDa proteins. Our main findings are that 1) delta- but not mu-opioid receptor activation reduces NaN(3)-induced neuronal damage, and this neuroprotective effect is abolished by DOR antagonist (naltrindole, NTI); 2) prolonged DOR inhibition with NTI further increases NaN(3)-induced neuronal damage; 3) NaN(3) treatment down-regulates DOR protein levels in neurons, and the 60 and 32 kDa proteins are particularly sensitive; 4) DADLE, besides activating DOR directly, also reverses the decrease of neuronal DOR protein levels induced by NaN(3), which may contribute greatly to its neuroprotective effect; 5) NTI reverses NaN(3)-induced down-regulation of DOR proteins as well, the effect of NTI amplifying NaN(3)-induced neuronal damage therefore is probably due to its inhibition on DOR activity only. In conclusion, these data suggest that DOR activation plays an important role in neuroprotection against mitochondrial respiratory chain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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16
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Hong MH, Xu C, Wang YJ, Ji JL, Tao YM, Xu XJ, Chen J, Xie X, Chi ZQ, Liu JG. Role of Src in ligand-specific regulation of delta-opioid receptor desensitization and internalization. J Neurochem 2008; 108:102-14. [PMID: 19014372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The opioid receptors are a member of G protein-coupled receptors that mediate physiological effects of endogenous opioid peptides and structurally distinct opioid alkaloids. Although it is well characterized that there is differential receptor desensitization and internalization properties following activation by distinct agonists, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the signaling events of delta-opioid receptor (deltaOR) initiated by two ligands, DPDPE and TIPP. We found that although both ligands inhibited adenylyl cyclase (AC) and activated ERK1/2, only DPDPE induced desensitization and internalization of the deltaOR. We further found that DPDPE, instead of TIPP, could activate GRK2 by phosphorylating the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src and translocating it to membrane receptors. Activation of GRK2 led to the phosphorylation of serine residues in the C-terminal tail, which facilitates beta-arrestin1/2 membrane translocation. Meanwhile, we also found that DPDPE promoted beta-arrestin1 dephosphorylation in a Src-dependent manner. Thus, DPDPE appears to strengthen beta-arrestin function by dual regulations: promoting beta-arrestin recruitment and increasing beta-arrestin dephosphorylation at the plasma membrane in a Src-dependent manner. All effects initiated by DPDPE could be abolished or suppressed by PP2, an inhibitor of Src. Morphine, which has been previously shown to be unable to desensitize or internalize deltaOR, also behaved as TIPP in failure to utilize Src to regulate deltaOR signaling. These findings point to the existence of agonist-specific utilization of Src to regulate deltaOR signaling and reveal the molecular events by which Src modulates deltaOR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Chu J, Zheng H, Loh HH, Law PY. Morphine-induced mu-opioid receptor rapid desensitization is independent of receptor phosphorylation and beta-arrestins. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1616-24. [PMID: 18558479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor desensitization involving receptor phosphorylation and subsequent betaArrestin (betaArr) recruitment has been implicated in the tolerance development mediated by mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1). However, the roles of receptor phosphorylation and betaArr on morphine-induced OPRM1 desensitization remain to be demonstrated. Using OPRM1-induced intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i))release to monitor receptor activation, as predicted, [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), induced OPRM1 desensitization in a receptor phosphorylation- and betaArr-dependent manner. The DAMGO-induced OPRM1 desensitization was attenuated significantly when phosphorylation deficient OPRM1 mutants or Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) cells from betaArr1 and 2 knockout mice were used in the studies. Specifically, DAMGO-induced desensitization was blunted in HEK293 cells expressing the OPRM1S375A mutant and was eliminated in MEF cells isolated from betaArr2 knockout mice expressing the wild type OPRM1. However, although morphine also could induce a rapid desensitization on [Ca(2+)](i) release to a greater extent than that of DAMGO and could induce the phosphorylation of Ser(375) residue, morphine-induced desensitization was not influenced by mutating the phosphorylation sites or in MEF cells lacking betaArr1 and 2. Hence, morphine could induce OPRM1 desensitization via pathway independent of betaArr, thus suggesting the in vivo tolerance development to morphine can occur in the absence of betaArr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA.
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18
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Acosta-Martínez M, Gonzalez-Flores O, Etgen AM. The role of progestin receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in delta opioid receptor facilitation of female reproductive behaviors. Horm Behav 2006; 49:458-62. [PMID: 16289112 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the progestin receptor (PR) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the facilitation of lordosis behavior by the delta opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE). Ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats were treated with the PR antagonist RU486 or the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 prior to intraventricular (icv) infusion of DPDPE. Both RU486 and PD98059 blocked receptive and proceptive behaviors induced by DPDPE at 60 min, and RU486 continued to inhibit estrous behavior at 90 min. Because delta opioid receptors can activate the p42/44 MAPKs, extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK), we determined the effects of DPDPE on ERK phosphorylation. Icv infusion of DPDPE increased the levels of phosphorylated ERK in the hypothalamus and preoptic area of female rats, assessed by immunoblotting. These results support the participation of the PR and the MAPK pathway in the facilitation of lordosis behavior by delta opioid receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Female
- Flavonoids/administration & dosage
- Hormone Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mifepristone/administration & dosage
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Neurotransmitter Agents/administration & dosage
- Phosphorylation
- Posture/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Second Messenger Systems/drug effects
- Second Messenger Systems/physiology
- Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricedes Acosta-Martínez
- Department of Neuroscience F113, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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19
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Gavi S, Shumay E, Wang HY, Malbon CC. G-protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases: crossroads in cell signaling and regulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006; 17:48-54. [PMID: 16460957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors and protein tyrosine kinases represent two prominent pathways for cellular signaling. As our knowledge of cell signaling pathways mediated by the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors and the smaller family of receptor tyrosine kinases expands, so does our appreciation of how these two major signaling platforms share information and modulate each other, otherwise termed "cross-talk". Cross-talk between G-protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases can occur at several levels, including the receptor-to-receptor level, and at crucial downstream points (e.g. phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Akt/protein kinase B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade). Regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors by non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as Src family members, also operates in signaling. A broader understanding of how G-protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases cross-talk reveals new insights into signaling modalities in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Gavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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20
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Audet N, Paquin-Gobeil M, Landry-Paquet O, Schiller PW, Piñeyro G. Internalization and Src activity regulate the time course of ERK activation by delta opioid receptor ligands. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:7808-16. [PMID: 15632168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411695200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study showed that delta opioid receptor (deltaOR) ligands Tyr-Ticpsi [CH(2)-NH]Cha-Phe-OH (TICP) and ICI174864 behaved as inverse agonists in the cyclase pathway but induced agonist responses in the ERK cascade. Unlike ligands that behaved as agonists in both pathways, and whose stimulation of ERK was marked but transient (10 min), ERK activation by ICI174864 and TICP was moderate and sustained, lasting for more than 1 h in the case of TICP. Biochemical experiments showed that duration of ERK activation by agonists and "dual efficacy ligands" was inversely correlated with their ability to trigger receptor phosphorylation and degradation. Thus, although TICP stabilized deltaORs in a conformation that did not incorporate (32)P, was not a substrate for tyrosine kinase Src, and was not down-regulated following prolonged exposure to the drug, the conformation stabilized by D-Pen-2,5-enkephalin (DPDPE) incorporated (32)P, was phosphorylated by Src, and suffered degradation within the first 2 h of treatment. Inhibition of endocytosis by sucrose prolonged ERK activation by DPDPE increasing the decay half-life of the response to values that resembled those of dual efficacy ligands (from a 2-min decay t((1/2)) increased to 12 min). Src inhibitor PP2 also prolonged ERK stimulation by DPDPE. It did so by maintaining a sustained activation of the kinase at approximately 20% of maximum following an initial rapid reduction in the response. These results show that specific kinetics of ERK activation by agonists and dual efficacy ligands are determined, at least in part, by the differential ability of the two types of drugs to trigger mechanisms regulating deltaOR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Audet
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Abstract
Opioid receptors belong to the large superfamily of seven transmembrane-spanning (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a class, GPCRs are of fundamental physiological importance mediating the actions of the majority of known neurotransmitters and hormones. Opioid receptors are particularly intriguing members of this receptor family. They are activated both by endogenously produced opioid peptides and by exogenously administered opiate compounds, some of which are not only among the most effective analgesics known but also highly addictive drugs of abuse. A fundamental question in addiction biology is why exogenous opioid drugs, such as morphine and heroin, have a high liability for inducing tolerance, dependence, and addiction. This review focuses on many aspects of opioid receptors with the aim of gaining a greater insight into mechanisms of opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waldhoer
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
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22
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Bouley R, Sun TX, Chenard M, McLaughlin M, McKee M, Lin HY, Brown D, Ausiello DA. Functional role of the NPxxY motif in internalization of the type 2 vasopressin receptor in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C750-62. [PMID: 12801889 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00477.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of the type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) with hormone causes desensitization and internalization. To study the role of the V2R NPxxY motif (which is involved in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of several other receptors) in this process, we expressed FLAG-tagged wild-type V2R and a Y325F mutant V2R in LLC-PK1a epithelial cells that have low levels of endogenous V2R. Both proteins had a similar apical (35%) and basolateral (65%) membrane distribution. Substitution of Tyr325 with Phe325 prevented ligand-induced internalization of V2R determined by [3H]AVP binding and immunofluorescence but did not prevent ligand binding or signal transduction via adenylyl cyclase. Desensitization and resensitization of the V2R-Y325F mutation occurred independently of internalization. The involvement of clathrin in V2R downregulation was also shown by immunogold electron microscopy. We conclude that the NPxxY motif of the V2R is critically involved in receptor downregulation via clathrin-mediated internalization. However, this motif is not essential for the apical/basolateral sorting and polarized distribution of the V2R in LLC-PK1a cells or for adenylyl cyclase-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bouley
- Program in Membrane Biology and Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Belcheva MM, Haas PD, Tan Y, Heaton VM, Coscia CJ. The fibroblast growth factor receptor is at the site of convergence between mu-opioid receptor and growth factor signaling pathways in rat C6 glioma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:909-18. [PMID: 12438509 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.038554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogenic signaling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can proceed via sequential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Although the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) mediates stimulation of ERK via EGFR transactivation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, the mechanism of acute MOR signaling to ERK has not been characterized in rat C6 glioma cells that seem to contain little EGFR. Herein, we describe experiments that implicate fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) transactivation in the convergence of MOR and growth factor signaling pathways in C6 cells. MOR agonists, endomorphin-1 and morphine, induced a rapid (3-min) increase of ERK phosphorylation that was abolished by MOR antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2. By using selective inhibitors and overexpression of dominant negative mutants, data were obtained to suggest that MOR signaling to ERK is transduced by Gbetagamma and entails Ca2+- and protein kinase C-mediated steps, whereas the FGFR branch of the pathway is Ras-dependent. An intermediary role of FGFR1 transactivation was suggested by MOR- but not kappa-opioid receptor (KOR)-induced FGFR1 tyrosine phosphorylation. A dominant negative mutant of FGFR1 attenuated MOR- but not KOR-induced ERK phosphorylation. Thus, a novel transactivation mechanism entailing secreted endogenous FGF may link the GPCR and growth factor pathways involved in MOR activation of ERK in C6 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Glioma/metabolism
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Rats
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/agonists
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Belcheva
- E. A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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24
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Kramer HK, Onoprishvili I, Andria ML, Hanna K, Sheinkman K, Haddad LB, Simon EJ. Delta opioid activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade does not require transphosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. BMC Pharmacol 2002; 2:5. [PMID: 11897012 PMCID: PMC88976 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2001] [Accepted: 03/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) by which delta opioids induce their potent activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) in different cell lines expressing the cloned delta-opioid receptor (delta-OR). While it has been known for some time that OR stimulation leads to the phosphorylation of both ERK isoforms, the exact progression of events has remained elusive. RESULTS Our results indicate that the transphosphorylation of an endogenous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line does not occur when co-expressed delta-ORs are stimulated by the delta-opioid agonist, D-Ser-Leu-enkephalin-Thr (DSLET). Moreover, neither pre-incubation of cultures with the selective EGFR antagonist, AG1478, nor down-regulation of the EGFR to a point where EGF could no longer activate ERKs had an inhibitory effect on ERK activation by DSLET. These results appear to rule out any structural or catalytic role for the EGFR in the delta-opioid-mediated MAPK cascade. To confirm these results, we used C6 glioma cells, a cell line devoid of the EGFR. In delta-OR-expressing C6 glioma cells, opioids produce a robust phosphorylation of ERK 1 and 2, whereas EGF has no stimulatory effect. Furthermore, antagonists to the RTKs that are endogenously expressed in C6 glioma cells (insulin receptor (IR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)) were unable to reduce opioid-mediated ERK activation. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that the transactivation of resident RTKs does not appear to be required for OR-mediated ERK phosphorylation and that the tyrosine-phosphorylated delta-OR, itself, is likely to act as its own signalling scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kenneth Kramer
- Department of Biological Science, Fordham University, Larkin Hall-Room 160, 440 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 14440, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Irma Onoprishvili
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Matthew L Andria
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kayane Hanna
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Karina Sheinkman
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Eric J Simon
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Shapira M, Keren O, Gafni M, Sarne Y. Divers pathways mediate delta-opioid receptor down regulation within the same cell. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2001; 96:142-50. [PMID: 11731019 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various mechanisms have been proposed for opioid receptor down regulation in different experimental preparations. The present study was aimed to test whether distinct mechanisms can mediate opioid receptor down regulation within the same cell. For this purpose we transfected HEK-293 cells with rat delta-opioid receptor (DOR). We exposed the cells to the opioid agonist etorphine in the absence or presence of various pharmacological agents and measured the binding of the opioid ligand [(3)H]diprenorphine to either isolated cell membranes or whole cells. We found that internalization of the receptors into the cell was mediated by clathrin coated pits and that the internalized receptors were degraded either in lysosomes or by proteosomes. Down regulation involved phosphorylation and at least two different kinases, a tyrosine kinase (TK) and MAPK kinase (MEK), mediated DOR down regulation in parallel routes. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) was found to have only a minor role in DOR down regulation in HEK-293 cells. On the other hand, in N18TG2 cells that endogenously express delta-opioid receptors, GRK was the predominant kinase mediating DOR down regulation, with only a minor role for TK and MEK. We conclude that down regulation can take place via divers pathways within the same cell, and that in different cells down regulation is mediated by different mechanisms, depending on the kinase profile of the cells and the compartmentalization of the receptors within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shapira
- The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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McLaughlin JP, Chavkin C. Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the μ-Opioid Receptor Regulates Agonist Intrinsic Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 59:1360-8. [PMID: 11353794 DOI: 10.1124/mol.59.6.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) contains four highly conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine residues that may serve to regulate receptor activity. For Xenopus laevis oocytes coexpressing the rat MOR and the heteromultimeric potassium channel, K(IR)3.1/3.2, pretreatment with insulin produced both a 40% suppression in the basal channel conductance and potentiation of response to the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala(2),methyl-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) to 155% of matched, untreated control cells. Insulin-induced potentiation of the DAMGO response was concentration-dependent and reversed after 1 h. Insulin pretreatment increased the maximal effect of DAMGO, but did not change its EC(50) value. Potentiation of the DAMGO response did not result from a recruitment of MOR to the cell surface, as measured by specific binding of the opioid peptide antagonist [(3)H]d-Phe((3)H)-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (cyclic) to whole-oocytes, but instead the potentiation was probably caused by an increase in intrinsic efficacy of G protein coupling. The involvement of tyrosine residues on the putative intracellular loops of the MOR was demonstrated with four point-mutated receptors, replacing tyrosine with phenylalanine to create MOR(Y96F), MOR(Y106F), MOR(Y166F), and MOR(Y336F). None of these mutations significantly altered the EC(50) value for DAMGO compared with wild-type MOR, and insulin pretreatment still potentiated the effect of 1 microM DAMGO in oocytes containing either MOR(Y96F) or MOR(Y336F) to 137 +/- 10 and 124 +/- 8%, respectively. However, insulin did not significantly potentiate the DAMGO response with oocytes containing either MOR(Y106F) or MOR(Y166F), suggesting that these two sites were responsible for the insulin-induced opioid potentiation. The tyrosine-kinase inhibitors genistein (100 microM) or K-252a (20 microM) did not block the insulin-induced potentiation of the DAMGO response, but coincubation of insulin with either the MAP kinase inhibitor PD98,059 (20 microM) or phosphatase inhibitor orthovanadate (30 microM) completely blocked the potentiation. The results suggest the hypothesis that the potentiation was caused by dephosphorylation of the two tyrosines in MOR. To test this hypothesis, we measured the recovery rates after insulin treatment. As predicted, tyrosine kinase inhibition by K-252a significantly slowed the reversal and phosphatase inhibition by orthovanadate significantly accelerated the recovery. These findings support a rapid modulatory role for insulin on opioid signal transduction, possibly through the dephosphorylation of the MOR at tyrosines 106 and 166 by an insulin-activated MAP kinase/protein tyrosine phosphatase cascade. We conclude that tyrosine phosphorylation of the mu-opioid receptor regulates receptor-G protein coupling efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185-7280, USA
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