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Estave PM, Spodnick MB, Karkhanis AN. KOR Control over Addiction Processing: An Exploration of the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 271:351-377. [PMID: 33301050 PMCID: PMC8192597 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a complex, persistent, and chronically relapsing neurological disorder exacerbated by acute and chronic stress. It is well known that the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system regulates stress perception and responsivity, while the mesolimbic dopamine system plays a role in reward and reinforcement associated with alcohol and substance use disorders. Interestingly, the dopamine and dynorphin/KOR systems are highly integrated in mesolimbic areas, with KOR activation leading to inhibition of dopamine release, further altering the perception of reinforcing and aversive stimuli. Chronic or repeated exposure to stress or drugs potentiates KOR function ultimately contributing to a hypodopaminergic state. This hypodopaminergic state is one of the hallmarks of hyperkatifeia, defined as the hypersensitivity to emotional distress that is exacerbated during drug withdrawal and abstinence. The relationship between stress and drug addiction is bidirectional; repeated/chronic stress promotes pro-addictive behaviors, and repeated cycles of drug exposure and withdrawal, across various drug classes, produces stress. Neuroadaptations driven by this bidirectional relationship ultimately influence the perception of the reinforcing value of rewarding stimuli. In this chapter, we address the involvement of the dopamine and dynorphin/KOR systems and their interactions in shaping reinforcement value processing after drug and stress exposure, as well as a combinatorial impact of both drugs and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Estave
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mary B Spodnick
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Center for Developmental and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Anushree N Karkhanis
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Center for Developmental and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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2
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Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. Strategies for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Dopamine. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:4. [PMID: 32076403 PMCID: PMC7006457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra alongside the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein-positive inclusions. Therapies to date have been directed to the restoration of the dopaminergic system, and the prevention of dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the midbrain. This review discusses the physiological mechanisms involved in PD as well as new and prospective therapies for the disease. The current data suggest that prevention or early treatment of PD may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. New advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD predict the development of more personalized and integral therapies in the years to come. Thus, the development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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3
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Shahkarami K, Vousooghi N, Golab F, Mohsenzadeh A, Baharvand P, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Babhadi-Ashar N, Shakeri A, Zarrindast MR. Evaluation of dynorphin and kappa-opioid receptor level in the human blood lymphocytes and plasma: Possible role as a biomarker in severe opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107638. [PMID: 31710992 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system plays an important role in the development of addiction, and dysregulation of this system could lead to abnormal activity in the reward pathway. It has been reported that the expression state of the neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain is reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). METHODS We have evaluated the PBLs and plasma samples of four groups: 1) subjects with severe opioid use disorder (SOD), 2) methadone-maintenance treated (MMT) individuals, 3) long-term abstinent subjects having former SOD, and 4) healthy control subjects (n = 20 in each group). The mRNA expression level of preprodynorphin (pPDYN) and KOR in PBLs has been evaluated by real-time PCR. Peptide expression of PDYN in PBLs has been studied by western blot, and DYN concentration in plasma has been measured by ELISA. RESULTS The relative expression level of the pPDYN mRNA and PDYN peptide in PBLs were significantly up-regulated in SOD, MMT, and abstinent groups compared to control subjects. No significant difference was found in the plasma DYN concentration between study groups. The expression level of the KOR mRNA in PBLs was significantly decreased in all three study groups compared to the control subjects. CONCLUSION the expression changes in the DYN/KOR system after chronic exposure to opioids, including methadone, seems to be stable and does not return to normal levels even after 12 months abstinence. These long-time and permanent changes in PBLs may serve as a biomarker and footprint of SOD development in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahkarami
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Babhadi-Ashar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Shakeri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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Azocar VH, Sepúlveda G, Ruiz C, Aguilera C, Andrés ME, Fuentealba JA. The blocking of kappa‐opioid receptor reverses the changes in dorsolateral striatum dopamine dynamics during the amphetamine sensitization. J Neurochem 2018; 148:348-358. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Azocar
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Gladys Sepúlveda
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Catalina Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Consuelo Aguilera
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Maria Estela Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Science Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
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5
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Mongi-Bragato B, Avalos MP, Guzmán AS, Bollati FA, Cancela LM. Enkephalin as a Pivotal Player in Neuroadaptations Related to Psychostimulant Addiction. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:222. [PMID: 29892236 PMCID: PMC5985699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enkephalin expression is high in mesocorticolimbic areas associated with psychostimulant-induced behavioral and neurobiological effects, and may also modulate local neurotransmission in this circuit network. Psychostimulant drugs, like amphetamine and cocaine, significantly increase the content of enkephalin in these brain structures, but we do not yet understand the specific significance of this drug-induced adaptation. In this review, we summarize the neurochemical and molecular mechanism of psychostimulant-induced enkephalin activation in mesocorticolimbic brain areas, and the contribution of this opioid peptide in the pivotal neuroadaptations and long-term behavioral changes underlying psychostimulant addiction. There is evidence suggesting that adaptive changes in enkephalin content in the mesocorticolimbic circuit, induced by acute and chronic psychostimulant administration, may represent a key initial step in the long-term behavioral and neuronal plasticity induced by these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethania Mongi-Bragato
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María P Avalos
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea S Guzmán
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Flavia A Bollati
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Cancela
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Ma J, Wan J, Meng J, Banerjee S, Ramakrishnan S, Roy S. Methamphetamine induces autophagy as a pro-survival response against apoptotic endothelial cell death through the Kappa opioid receptor. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1099. [PMID: 24603327 PMCID: PMC3973232 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant with high abuse potential and severe neurotoxicity. Recent studies in animal models have indicated that METH can impair the blood-brain barrier (BBB), suggesting that some of the neurotoxic effects resulting from METH abuse could be due to barrier disruption. We report here that while chronic exposure to METH disrupts barrier function of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), an early pro-survival response is observed following acute exposure by induction of autophagic mechanisms. Acute METH exposure induces an early increase in Beclin1 and LC3 recruitment. This is mediated through inactivation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K pathway, and upregulation of the ERK1/2. Blockade of Kappa opioid receptor (KOR), and treatment with autophagic inhibitors accelerated METH-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the early autophagic response is a survival mechanism for endothelial cells and is mediated through the kappa opioid receptor. Our studies indicate that kappa opioid receptor can be therapeutically exploited for attenuating METH-induced BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Departments of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Wan
- Departments of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Banerjee
- Departments of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Roy
- Departments of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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7
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Kivell BM, Ewald AWM, Prisinzano TE. Salvinorin A analogs and other κ-opioid receptor compounds as treatments for cocaine abuse. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2014; 69:481-511. [PMID: 24484985 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute activation of kappa-opioid receptors produces anti-addictive effects by regulating dopamine levels in the brain. Unfortunately, classic kappa-opioid agonists have undesired side effects such as sedation, aversion, and depression, which restrict their clinical use. Salvinorin A (Sal A), a novel kappa-opioid receptor agonist extracted from the plant Salvia divinorum, has been identified as a potential therapy for drug abuse and addiction. Here, we review the preclinical effects of Sal A in comparison with traditional kappa-opioid agonists and several new analogs. Sal A retains the anti-addictive properties of traditional kappa-opioid receptor agonists with several improvements including reduced side effects. However, the rapid metabolism of Sal A makes it undesirable for clinical development. In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of this compound, kappa-opioid receptor agonists based on the structure of Sal A have been synthesized. While work in this field is still in progress, several analogs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles have been shown to have anti-addictive effects. While in its infancy, it is clear that these compounds hold promise for the future development of anti-addictive therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy W M Ewald
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
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Greedy BM, Bradbury F, Thomas MP, Grivas K, Cami-Kobeci G, Archambeau A, Bosse K, Clark MJ, Aceto M, Lewis JW, Traynor JR, Husbands SM. Orvinols with mixed kappa/mu opioid receptor agonist activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3207-16. [PMID: 23438330 PMCID: PMC3646402 DOI: 10.1021/jm301543e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Dual-acting kappa opioid receptor
(KOR) agonist and mu opioid receptor
(MOR) partial agonist ligands have been put forward as potential treatment
agents for cocaine and other psychostimulant abuse. Members of the
orvinol series of ligands are known for their high binding affinity
to both KOR and MOR, but efficacy at the individual receptors has
not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, it is shown that a predictive
model for efficacy at KOR can be derived, with efficacy being controlled
by the length of the group attached to C20 and by the introduction
of branching into the side chain. In vivo evaluation of two ligands
with the desired in vitro profile confirms both display KOR, and to
a lesser extent MOR, activity in an analgesic assay suggesting that,
in this series, in vitro measures of efficacy using the [35S]GTPγS assay are predictive of the in vivo profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Greedy
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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9
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Tejeda HA, Shippenberg TS, Henriksson R. The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system and its role in psychiatric disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:857-96. [PMID: 22002579 PMCID: PMC11114766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system has been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders. In the present review, we present evidence indicating a key role for this system in modulating neurotransmission in brain circuits that subserve mood, motivation, and cognitive function. We overview the pharmacology, signaling, post-translational, post-transcriptional, transcriptional, epigenetic and cis regulation of the dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system, and critically review functional neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological evidence, suggesting that alterations in this system may contribute to affective disorders, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. We also overview the dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system in the genetics of psychiatric disorders and discuss implications of the reviewed material for therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Tejeda
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - T. S. Shippenberg
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - R. Henriksson
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, NIDA-IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, L8:04, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Cortez AM, Charntikov S, Der-Ghazarian T, Horn LR, Crawford CA, McDougall SA. Age-dependent effects of kappa-opioid receptor stimulation on cocaine-induced stereotyped behaviors and dopamine overflow in the caudate-putamen: an in vivo microdialysis study. Neuroscience 2010; 169:203-13. [PMID: 20435099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
kappa-Opioid receptor stimulation attenuates psychostimulant-induced increases in extracellular dopamine in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens of adult rats, while reducing cocaine-induced locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors. Because kappa-opioid receptor agonists (e.g., U50,488 or U69,593) often affect the behavior of preweanling rats in a paradoxical manner, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether kappa-opioid receptor stimulation differentially affects dopaminergic functioning in the CPu depending on age. In vivo microdialysis was used to determine whether U50,488 (5 mg/kg) attenuates cocaine-induced dopamine overflow in the dorsal CPu on postnatal day (PD) 17 and PD 85. In the microinjection experiment, cocaine-induced stereotyped behaviors were assessed in adult and preweanling rats after bilateral infusions of vehicle or U50,488 (1.6 or 6.4 microg per side) into the CPu. Results showed that U50,488 attenuated the cocaine-induced increases in CPu dopamine overflow on PD 85, while the same dose of U50,488 did not alter dopamine dialysate levels on PD 17. Cocaine also increased stereotyped behaviors (repetitive motor movements, behavioral intensity scores, and discrete behaviors) at both ages, but adult rats appeared to exhibit more intense stereotypic responses than the younger animals. Consistent with the microdialysis findings, bilateral infusions of U50,488 into the dorsal CPu decreased the cocaine-induced stereotypies of adult rats, while leaving the behaviors of preweanling rats unaffected. These results suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying kappa-opioid/dopamine interactions in the CPu are not fully mature during the preweanling period. This lack of functional maturity may explain why kappa-opioid receptor agonists frequently induce different behavioral effects in young and adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cortez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
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11
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Todtenkopf MS, O'Neill KS, Kriksciukaite K, Turncliff RZ, Dean RL, Ostrovsky-Day I, Deaver DR. Route of administration affects the ability of naltrexone to reduce amphetamine-potentiated brain stimulation reward in rats. Addict Biol 2009; 14:408-18. [PMID: 19489752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptor antagonism has been shown to attenuate behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine in humans and rodents. The effects of acute (oral or subcutaneous) or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) were tested on the reward-enhancing effects of amphetamine using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm. Acute exposure to drugs of abuse reduces the locus of rise (LOR) in the ICSS procedure, reflecting enhanced brain stimulation reward (BSR). Rats were treated once a day with naltrexone orally (PO; 5.0 mg/kg) or subcutaneously (SC; 0.5 mg/kg) for four consecutive days and tested with D-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in the ICSS paradigm 30 minutes later on days 1 and 4. Separate groups of rats received XR-NTX (50 mg/kg, SC) or placebo microspheres (similar mass to XR-NTX, SC) on day 0 and tested with D-amphetamine in the ICSS paradigm on days 4, 14, 21, 28 and 41 after administration. Naltrexone plasma concentrations were determined for each amphetamine testing session using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In rats pretreated with naltrexone acutely, amphetamine-potentiated BSR did not differ from vehicle-pretreated rats on either day 1 or day 4 (25-30% decrease in LOR). In XR-NTX-pretreated rats, amphetamine-potentiated BSR was reduced by 64 and 70% on days 4 and 14, respectively, compared to placebo microsphere-treated controls. This effect dissipated by day 21. Naltrexone plasma concentrations were comparable across all treatment groups (14-30 ng/ml) on days 1, 4 and 14. In summary, an extended-release formulation of naltrexone results in significant attenuation of psychostimulant-enhanced BSR that is not observed with acute naltrexone.
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Saylor AJ, McGinty JF. Amphetamine-induced locomotion and gene expression are altered in BDNF heterozygous mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 7:906-14. [PMID: 18681898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Administration of amphetamine overstimulates medium spiny neurons (MSNs) by releasing dopamine and glutamate from afferents in the striatum. However, these afferents also release brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that protects striatal MSNs from overstimulation. Intriguingly, all three neurochemicals increase opioid gene expression in MSNs. In contrast, striatal opioid expression is less in naive BDNF heterozygous (BDNF(+/-)) vs. wild-type (WT) mice. This study was designed to determine whether partial genetic depletion of BDNF influences the behavioral and molecular response to an acute amphetamine injection. An acute injection of amphetamine [5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] or saline was administered to WT and BDNF(+/-) mice. WT and BDNF(+/-) mice exhibited similar locomotor activity during habituation, whereas BDNF(+/-) mice exhibited more prolonged locomotor activation during the third hour after injection of amphetamine. Three hours after amphetamine injection, there was an increase of preprodynorphin mRNA in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens (Acb) and dopamine D(3) receptor mRNA levels were increased in the Acb of BDNF(+/-) and WT mice. Striatal/cortical trkB and BDNF, and mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels were only increased in WT mice. These results indicate that BDNF modifies the locomotor responses of mice to acute amphetamine and differentially regulates amphetamine-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Saylor
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Xia YF, He L, Whistler JL, Hjelmstad GO. Acute amphetamine exposure selectively desensitizes kappa-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:892-900. [PMID: 17551543 PMCID: PMC2268619 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of psychostimulant exposure on kappa-opioid peptide (KOP) receptor signaling in the rat mesolimbic system. A single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the KOP receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens shell, as a consequence of KOP receptor desensitization. This effect was blocked by dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists or the nonselective opioid antagonist, naltrexone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), and mimicked by the KOP receptor agonists U69593 (0.32 mg/kg, s.c.) and dynorphin (1 microM), indicating that an amphetamine-induced release of dynorphin is producing a long-lasting desensitization of the KOP receptor. Despite the fact that amphetamine also increases dynorphin release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), KOP receptor function in this region was not affected by amphetamine; there was no difference in the KOP receptor-mediated change in firing rate or resting membrane potential measured in VTA neurons from saline- or amphetamine-treated animals. This study demonstrates that amphetamine can produce regionally selective adaptations in KOP receptor signaling, which may, in turn, alter the effects of subsequent drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-fang Xia
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li He
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Whistler
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory O Hjelmstad
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Dr GO Hjelmstad, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, 5858 Horton Street, Suite 200, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA, Tel: + 1 510 985 3927, Fax: + 1 510 985 3101, E-mail:
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Perreault ML, Graham D, Scattolon S, Wang Y, Szechtman H, Foster JA. Cotreatment with the kappa opioid agonist U69593 enhances locomotor sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole and alters dopamine D2 receptor and prodynorphin mRNA expression in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 194:485-96. [PMID: 17619861 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The repeated coadministration of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U69593 with the D2/D3 dopamine (DA) agonist quinpirole (QNP) potentiates locomotor sensitization induced by QNP. Behavioral evidence has implicated both pre- and postsynaptic changes as being involved in this augmentation. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to obtain supporting molecular evidence of pre- and/or postsynaptic alterations in the DA system with U69593/QNP cotreatment and to examine the relationship of such changes to locomotor sensitization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression of D1 and D2 receptors (D1R and D2R), the DA transporter, as well as the endogenous opioid prodynorphin (DYN), in the basal ganglia was examined by in situ hybridization in rats after one or ten drug injections. RESULTS After one injection, changes that were specific to U69593/QNP cotreatment were decreased D1R and D2R messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) shell and increased DYN mRNA in the dorsal striatum (STR). After ten injections, U69593/QNP-specific changes were decreased D2R mRNA in substantia nigra (SN) and increased DYN mRNA in STR and Acb core. Only in U69593/QNP rats was the sensitized locomotor performance on injection ten positively correlated with DYN mRNA levels in Acb and STR. CONCLUSIONS Distinct alterations of D2R and DYN mRNA levels in SN and Acb/STR, respectively, strengthen the evidence implicating pre- and postsynaptic changes in augmented locomotor sensitization to U69593/QNP cotreatment. It is suggested that repeated U69593/QNP cotreatment may augment locomotor sensitization to QNP by activating D1R-expressing DYN neurons and attenuating presynaptic D2R function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Health Science Centre, Room 4N7, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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15
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Morales-Mulia M, Panayi F, Lambás-Señas L, Scarna H, Méndez M. Changes in Proenkephalin mRNA expression in forebrain areas after amphetamine-induced behavioural sensitization. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 87:232-40. [PMID: 17537495 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute and repeated psychostimulant administration induces a long-lasting enhanced behavioural response to a subsequent drug challenge, known as behavioural sensitization. This phenomenon involves persistent neurophysiological adaptations, which may lead to drug addiction. Brain dopaminergic pathways have been implicated as the main neurobiological substrates of behavioural sensitization, although other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators may also participate. In order to investigate a possible involvement of opioid systems in amphetamine (AMPH) behavioural sensitization, we studied the AMPH-induced changes in Proenkephalin (Pro-Enk) mRNA expression in forebrain areas in both drug-naïve and AMPH-sensitized rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized to AMPH by means of a single AMPH (1 mg/kg s.c.) injection and the same dose was injected 7 days later to assess the expression of sensitization. Pro-Enk mRNA levels were evaluated by in situ hybridization in coronal brain sections. AMPH injection induced an increase in Pro-Enk mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens and the medial-posterior caudate-putamen in drug-naïve rats. Challenge with AMPH to rats injected 1 week earlier with AMPH induced motor sensitization and increased and decreased Pro-Enk mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior medial caudate-putamen, respectively. Our results suggest that alterations in cortical and striatal enkephalinergic systems could contribute to the expression of AMPH behavioural sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Morales-Mulia
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México D.F., Mexico
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16
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McGinty JF. Co-localization of GABA with other neuroactive substances in the basal ganglia. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2007; 160:273-84. [PMID: 17499120 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)60016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal striatum (caudate putamen) contains two types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that are distinguished by the expression of either the opioid peptide, enkephalin, or the opioid peptide, dynorphin, as well as the tachykinin substance P. Pharmacological studies suggest that these peptides modulate local neurotransmission in the striatum in response to direct and indirect dopamine agonists. In contrast, GABA appears to have minimal impact within the striatum under these conditions. The actions of the peptide cocktail are dependent on the cellular distribution of their receptors in the striatal network. The net result of their actions is a homeostatic response that regulates striatal output and balances dopamine and glutamate receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F McGinty
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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17
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D'Addario C, Di Benedetto M, Izenwasser S, Candeletti S, Romualdi P. Role of serotonin in the regulation of the dynorphinergic system by a kappa-opioid agonist and cocaine treatment in rat CNS. Neuroscience 2006; 144:157-64. [PMID: 17055175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that chronic cocaine increases prodynorphin mRNA in the caudate putamen and decreases it in the hypothalamus. In addition, treatment with a kappa-opioid receptor agonist produced the opposite effect on prodynorphin gene expression in these brain regions and also evoked a decrease in the hippocampus. It is already known that kappa-opioid receptor agonists decrease the development of sensitization to some of the behavioral effects of cocaine. The serotonin system has also been shown to regulate dynorphin gene expression and a continuous infusion of fluoxetine induced prodynorphin gene expression in the same pattern as the kappa-opioid agonist (+)(5a,7a,8b)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1 oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]-benzeneacetamide (U-69593) in the brain regions investigated. It is interesting to note that treatment with a continuous infusion of cocaine produced different effects on this parameter. To determine whether serotonin plays a role in the regulation of prodynorphin mRNA by kappa-opioid agonists or cocaine, rats were treated with the serotonin depleter parachloroamphetamine (PCA). Beginning 24 h later, rats were treated with the selective kappa-opioid agonist U-69593 for 5 days or continuously with cocaine for 7 days and prodynorphin mRNA was measured. Prodynorphin mRNA was decreased significantly in the hypothalamus, caudate putamen, and hippocampus of rats treated with a single injection of PCA. Subsequent to PCA administration the effects of U-69593 or cocaine on prodynorphin mRNA were differentially affected across brain regions. Prodynorphin gene expression was still increased by U-69593 treatment in the hypothalamus and decreased in the caudate putamen. Cocaine treatment still produced a decrease in this parameter in the hypothalamus and an increase in the caudate putamen. In contrast, in the hippocampus, the decrease in prodynorphin mRNA produced by U-69593 was no longer evident after PCA and cocaine, which previously had no effect, now increased it in the serotonin-depleted group. These findings suggest that serotonin is necessary to maintain normal levels of dynorphin mRNA in all of the investigated brain areas and that the regulation of prodynorphin mRNA expression by chronic treatment with a kappa-opioid receptor agonist or cocaine requires serotonin in the hippocampus, but not in the hypothalamus or caudate putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Addario
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126 Italy
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18
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Chefer VI, Shippenberg TS. Paradoxical effects of prodynorphin gene deletion on basal and cocaine-evoked dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:229-38. [PMID: 16420432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative and conventional microdialysis were used to investigate the effects of constitutive deletion of the prodynorphin gene on basal dopamine (DA) dynamics in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the responsiveness of DA neurons to an acute cocaine challenge. Saline- and cocaine-evoked locomotor activity were also assessed. Quantitative microdialysis revealed that basal extracellular DA levels were decreased, while the DA extraction fraction, an indirect measure of DA uptake, was unchanged in dynorphin (DYN) knockout (KO) mice. The ability of cocaine to increase NAc DA levels was reduced in KO. Similarly, cocaine-evoked locomotor activity was decreased in KO. The selective kappa opioid receptor agonist U-69593 decreased NAc dialysate DA levels in wildtype mice and this effect was enhanced in KO. Administration of the selective kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) antagonist nor-binaltorphimine to KO mice attenuated the decrease in cocaine-induced DA levels. However, it was ineffective in altering the decreased locomotor response to cocaine. These studies demonstrate that constitutive deletion of prodynorphin is associated with a reduction of extracellular NAc DA levels and a decreased responsiveness to acute cocaine. Data regarding the effects of U-69593 and nor-binaltorphimine in KO suggest that the kappa opioid receptor is up-regulated as a consequence of prodynorphin gene deletion and that this adaptation underlies the decrease in basal DA dynamics and cocaine-evoked DA levels observed in DYN KO mice. These findings suggest that the phenotype of DYN KO mice is not solely due to loss of endogenous opioid peptide but also reflects developmental compensations that occur at the level of the opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Chefer
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA/IRP/BNRB/INS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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19
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Bové J, Serrats J, Mengod G, Cortés R, Aguilar E, Marin C. Reversion of levodopa-induced motor fluctuations by the A2A antagonist CSC is associated with an increase in striatal preprodynorphin mRNA expression in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Synapse 2006; 59:435-44. [PMID: 16498608 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in the reversion of levodopa-induced motor fluctuations by the adenosine A2A antagonist 8-(3-chlorostryryl) caffeine (CSC) were investigated in rats with a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesion and compared with the ones achieved by the kappa-opioid agonist, U50,488. Animals were treated with levodopa (50 mg/kg/day) for 22 days and for one additional week with levodopa + CSC (5 mg/kg/day), levodopa + U50,488 (1 mg/kg/day), or levodopa + vehicle. The reversion of the decrease in the duration of levodopa-induced rotations by CSC, but not by U50,488, was maintained until the end of the treatment and was associated with a further increase in levodopa-induced preprodynorphin mRNA in the lesioned striatum, being higher in the ventromedial striatum. The increase in striatal preprodynorphin expression, particularly in the ventromedial striatum, may be related to the reversion of levodopa-induced motor fluctuations in the CSC-treated animals, suggesting a role of the direct striatal output pathway activity in the ventromedial striatum in the pathophysiology of motor fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bové
- Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Area de Neurociències, Fundació Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Prisinzano TE, Tidgewell K, Harding WW. Kappa opioids as potential treatments for stimulant dependence. AAPS J 2005; 7:E592-9. [PMID: 16353938 PMCID: PMC2751263 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulant abuse is a major problem in the United States and the development of pharmacological treatments for stimulant abuse remains an important therapeutic goal. Classically, the "dopamine hypothesis" has been used to explain the development of addiction and dependence of stimulants. This hypothesis involves the direct increase of dopamine as the major factor in mediating the abuse effects. Therefore, most treatments have focused on directly influencing the dopamine system. Another approach, which has been explored for potential treatments of stimulant abuse, is the use of kappa opioid agonists. The kappa receptor is known to be involved, via indirect effects, in synaptic dopamine levels. This review covers several classes of kappa opioid ligands that have been explored for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Prisinzano
- Division of Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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21
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Horner KA, Adams DH, Hanson GR, Keefe KA. Blockade of stimulant-induced preprodynorphin mRNA expression in the striatal matrix by serotonin depletion. Neuroscience 2005; 131:67-77. [PMID: 15680692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine and methamphetamine (METH) induce preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA expression in the striatum. Cocaine induces PPD expression in both the patch and matrix compartments of the rostral striatum, whereas METH induces PPD expression in the patch compartment of the rostral striatum. In middle striatum, both stimulants increase PPD expression in the patch and matrix compartments. METH and cocaine treatment also increase extracellular serotonin (5-HT). Several studies have shown that 5-HT receptors are present on striatonigral neurons that express PPD mRNA, and that 5-HT is a positive regulator of striatal neuropeptide expression. The current study examined whether 5-HT plays a role in the patch/matrix expression of PPD mRNA induced by cocaine and METH in striatum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with p-chloroamphetamine (PCA; 8 mg/kg, i.p), a serotonin neurotoxin, 1 week prior to cocaine (30 mg/kg, i.p) and METH (15 mg/kg, s.c.) treatment. The 80% loss of 5-HT induced by PCA-pretreatment blocked cocaine-induced PPD expression in the rostral matrix compartment. Cocaine- and METH-induced PPD expression in the rostral patch compartment was unaffected by PCA-pretreatment. PCA-pretreatment also decreased both cocaine- and METH-induced PPD expression in the matrix, but not patch of middle striatum. PCA-induced 5-HT depletion did not affect stimulant-induced increases in PPT mRNA expression in the striatum. These data suggest that 5-HT plays a role in stimulant-induced PPD expression in the matrix compartment of rostral and middle striatum. Thus, 5-HT innervation may play a critical role in basal ganglia function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Horner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Room 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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22
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23
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Marin C, Bové J, Serrats J, Cortés R, Mengod G, Tolosa E. The kappa opioid agonist U50,488 potentiates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity on dopaminergic neurons. Exp Neurol 2005; 191:41-52. [PMID: 15589511 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several observations support the hypothesis that kappa opioid (kappa-opioid) receptor agonism may contribute to neurotoxicity, but other reports have suggested that certain kappa-agonists can attenuate neurological dysfunction. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, it is of particular interest to study whether kappa-opioid receptor agonism has an influence on the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. We have investigated the effect exerted by the selective kappa-agonist U50,488 on the neurotoxicity induced by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration on dopaminergic neurons. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an acute (0.5 mg/kg) or subacute (0.5 mg/kg, twice at day, for 7 days) administration of U50,488, receiving the last dose 30 min before intrastriatal 6-OHDA administration. Acute or subacute U50,488 pretreatment potentiated the 6-OHDA-induced decrease in the number of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons (P < 0.05). Acute U50,488 pretreated animals showed a tendency, although not statistically significant to increase striatal mRNA encoding for enkephalin (PPE mRNA). Subacute U50,488 significantly potentiated the increase in PPE mRNA induced by 6-OHDA (P < 0.05). The present results show a neurotoxic effect of the kappa agonist U50,488 on dopaminergic neurons in rats with a striatal lesion induced by 6-OHDA. This neurotoxic effect is associated to an increase in striatal PPE mRNA levels, suggesting that an increase in the indirect pathway activity and consequently an increase in the activity of the subthalamo-nigral pathway might be involved in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marin
- Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Area de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Adams DH, Hanson GR, Keefe KA. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine increases neuropeptide messenger RNA expression in rat striatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 133:131-42. [PMID: 15661373 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The amphetamine analog 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is also known as the recreational drug of abuse, Ecstasy. Several neuropeptides are found in striatal neurons postsynaptic to dopamine and serotonin nerve terminals, and changes in neuropeptide neurotransmission may be important for behavioral effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. This study used in situ hybridization to characterize the effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on four neuropeptide mRNAs: preprodynorphin, preprotachykinin, neurotensin/neuromedin N, and preproenkephalin. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received a single administration of 10 mg/kg 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and were sacrificed 30 min or 3 h later. Three hours after administration, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine increased preprodynorphin, preprotachykinin, and neurotensin/neuromedin N mRNAs. These increases were most prominent in ventral and medial aspects of the rostral-middle striatum, and then became more dorsally restricted in the caudal striatum. At the 30-minute time point, MDMA significantly decreased the signal for preproenkephalin mRNA in a general manner but did not affect the signal for the other neuropeptide precursors. These data suggest that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine has a generalized, transient, inhibitory effect on striatopallidal neuron gene expression, and then preferentially influences striatonigral neuropeptide systems at the later time point in a regionally selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Rm. 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA
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25
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Zhou W, Mailloux AW, Jung BJ, Edmunds HS, McGinty JF. GABAB receptor stimulation decreases amphetamine-induced behavior and neuropeptide gene expression in the striatum. Brain Res 2004; 1004:18-28. [PMID: 15033416 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether GABA(B) receptor activation blocks acute amphetamine-induced behavioral activity, dopamine release, and neuropeptide mRNA expression in the striatum. Systemic administration of R-(+)-baclofen (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter total distance traveled or vertical rearing induced by amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). At 2.5 mg/kg, baclofen did not alter spontaneous motor activity or total distance traveled, but completely blocked vertical rearing induced by amphetamine. At 5.0 mg/kg, baclofen completely blocked both total distance traveled and vertical rearing induced by amphetamine. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that baclofen (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the ability of amphetamine to increase preprodynorphin (PPD), preprotachykinin (PPT), preproenkephalin (PPE), and secretogranin II (SGII) mRNA levels in the striatum without altering the basal levels of these signals. Baclofen also blocked the amphetamine-induced rise in SGII mRNA in the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens and cingulate cortex. In a separate experiment, systemic baclofen (2.5 mg/kg) decreased the amphetamine-induced increase in dialysate dopamine levels in the striatum. These results suggest that reduced striatal dopamine release contributes to the ability of GABA(B) receptor activation to decrease acute amphetamine-induced behavioral activity and striatal neuropeptide gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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26
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Gonzalez-Nicolini MV, Berglind W, Cole KS, Keogh CL, McGinty JF. Local μ and δ opioid receptors regulate amphetamine-induced behavior and neuropeptide mRNA in the striatum. Neuroscience 2003; 121:387-98. [PMID: 14521997 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role that mu and delta opioid receptor blockade has upon stimulant-induced behavior and neuropeptide gene expression in the striatum. Acute administration of amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) caused an increase in behavioral activity and preprodynorphin, substance P, and preproenkephalin mRNA expression. Intrastriatal infusion of the mu opioid antagonist, H-D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP), or the delta opioid antagonist, H-Tyr-Tic[CH(2)NH]-Phe-Phe-OH (TIPPpsi), significantly decreased amphetamine-induced vertical activity. However, only CTAP reduced amphetamine-induced distance traveled. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that CTAP blocked amphetamine-induced preprodynorphin and substance P mRNA. However, preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the dorsal striatum were increased to the same extent by CTAP, amphetamine, or a combination of the two drugs. In contrast, TIPPpsi significantly decreased amphetamine-induced mRNA expression of all three neuropeptides. These data indicate that both mu and delta receptor subtypes differentially regulate amphetamine-induced behavior and neuropeptide gene expression in the rat striatum.
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MESH Headings
- Amphetamine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/physiology
- Drug Interactions
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments
- Peptides/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radiographic Image Enhancement
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Somatostatin
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Gonzalez-Nicolini
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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27
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Marin C, Bové J, Bonastre M, Tolosa E. Effect of acute and chronic administration of U50,488, a kappa opioid receptor agonist, in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats chronically treated with levodopa. Exp Neurol 2003; 183:66-73. [PMID: 12957489 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the possible involvement of kappa opioid receptor-mediated mechanisms in levodopa-induced motor fluctuations, we have investigated the effects of U50,488, a selective kappa opioid agonist, on levodopa-induced motor alterations in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. Acute and chronic administration of U50,488 has been studied to evaluate the possible reversion or prevention of these levodopa effects. In a first set of experiments, rats were treated with levodopa (25 mg/kg with benserazide, twice daily, ip) for 22 days and, on Day 23 U50,488 (0.5, 1, or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered immediately before levodopa. In a second set of experiments, rats were treated daily for 22 days with levodopa and U50,488 (1 or 3 mg/kg/day, i.p.). The duration of the rotational behavior induced by chronic levodopa decreased after 22 days (P < 0.05). Acute administration of U50,488 on Day 23 reversed this effect when low doses were administered (P < 0.05). Chronic U50,488 administration did not prevent the shortening in response duration induced by levodopa. Our results demonstrate that the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 reverses but does not prevents levodopa-induced motor alterations in parkinsonian rats. These results suggest a role for kappa opioid receptor-mediated mechanisms in the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced motor response complications. These findings suggest that the stimulation of kappa opioid receptors might confer clinical benefit to parkinsonian patients under levodopa therapy suffering from motor complication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marin
- Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Fundació Clínic, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Abstract
This paper is the twenty-fourth installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 2001 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiate peptides and antagonists. The particular topics covered this year include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology(Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Gonzalez-Nicolini V, McGinty JF. NK-1 receptor blockade decreases amphetamine-induced behavior and neuropeptide mRNA expression in the striatum. Brain Res 2002; 931:41-9. [PMID: 11897087 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of intrastriatal administration of LY306740, a specific NK-1 receptor antagonist, on the behavior and changes in gene expression elicited by the psychomotor stimulant, amphetamine, was studied. Acute administration of amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) caused an increase in behavioral activity and preproenkephalin, preprodynorphin and substance P mRNA expression in the striatum. When amphetamine-treated rats were pretreated with LY306740 (35 and 20 nmoles per side, intrastriatally), there was a significant decrease in amphetamine-induced behavioral activity. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that both concentrations of LY306740 significantly decreased amphetamine-induced mRNA expression of all three neuropeptides. These data indicate that striatal NK-1 receptors modulate amphetamine-induced behavior and mRNA expression of neuropeptides in the rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gonzalez-Nicolini
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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