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Ahmadi M, Rouhi N, Fathollahi Y, Shojaei A, Rezaei M, Rostami S, Saab BJ, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. A Dual Effect of Dopamine on Hippocampal LTP and Cognitive Functions in Control and Kindled Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0926212023. [PMID: 38124004 PMCID: PMC10860576 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0926-21.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dopamine on synaptic plasticity and cognitive function following seizure is not well understood. Here, using optogenetics in the freely behaving animal, we examined exploratory behavior and short-term memory in control and kindled male mice during tonic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Furthermore, using field potential recording, we compared the effect of dopamine on synaptic plasticity in stratum radiatum and stratum oriens layers of both ventral and dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions, and again in both control and kindled male mice. Our results demonstrate that tonic stimulation of VTA dopaminergic neurons enhances novelty-driven exploration and short-term spatial memory in kindled mice, essentially rescuing the seizure-induced cognitive impairment. In addition, we found that dopamine has a dual effect on LTP in control versus kindled mice, such that application of dopamine prevented LTP induction in slices from control mice, but rescued LTP in slices taken from the kindled animal. Taken together, our results highlight the potential for dopaminergic modulation in improving synaptic plasticity and cognitive function following seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Nahid Rouhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Sareh Rostami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Bechara J Saab
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, DPPP, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Mobio Interactive Pte. Ltd., 389637, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
- Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
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Kuang J, Kafetzopoulos V, Deth R, Kocsis B. Dopamine D4 Receptor Agonist Drastically Increases Delta Activity in the Thalamic Nucleus Reuniens: Potential Role in Communication between Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15289. [PMID: 37894968 PMCID: PMC10607171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Network oscillations are essential for all cognitive functions. Oscillatory deficits are well established in psychiatric diseases and are recapitulated in animal models. They are significantly and specifically affected by pharmacological interventions using psychoactive compounds. Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) activation was shown to enhance gamma rhythm in freely moving rats and to specifically affect slow delta and theta oscillations in the urethane-anesthetized rat model. The goal of this study was to test the effect of D4R activation on slow network oscillations at delta and theta frequencies during wake states, potentially supporting enhanced functional connectivity during dopamine-induced attention and cognitive processing. Network activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and nucleus reuniens (RE) in control conditions and after injecting the D4R agonist A-412997 (3 and 5 mg/kg; systemic administration). We found that A-412997 elicited a lasting (~40 min) wake state and drastically enhanced narrow-band delta oscillations in the PFC and RE in a dose-dependent manner. It also preferentially enhanced delta synchrony over theta coupling within the PFC-RE-HC circuit, strongly strengthening PFC-RE coupling. Thus, our findings indicate that the D4R may contribute to cognitive processes, at least in part, through acting on wake delta oscillations and that the RE, providing an essential link between the PFC and HC, plays a prominent role in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.K.); (V.K.)
| | - V. Kafetzopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.K.); (V.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Richard Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
| | - B. Kocsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.K.); (V.K.)
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Isaacson SH, Hauser RA, Pahwa R, Gray D, Duvvuri S. Dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease: Impact of D1-like or D2-like dopamine receptor subtype selectivity and avenues for future treatment. Clin Park Relat Disord 2023; 9:100212. [PMID: 37497384 PMCID: PMC10366643 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine agonists (DAs) have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are limited by adverse effects (AEs). DAs can vary considerably in their receptor subtype selectivity and affinity, chemical composition, receptor occupancy, and intrinsic activity on the receptor. Most currently approved DAs for PD treatment primarily target D2/D3 (D2-like) dopamine receptors. However, selective activation of D1/D5 (D1-like) dopamine receptors may enable robust activation of motor function while avoiding AEs related to D2/D3 receptor agonism. Full D1/D5 receptor-selective agonists have been explored in small, early-phase clinical studies, and although their efficacy for motor symptoms was robust, challenges with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, cardiovascular AEs, and dyskinesia rates similar to levodopa prevented clinical advancement. Generally, repeated dopaminergic stimulation with full DAs is associated with frontostriatal dysfunction and sensitization that may induce plastic changes in the motor system, and neuroadaptations that produce long-term motor and nonmotor complications, respectively. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that a D1/D5 receptor-selective partial agonist may hold promise for providing sustained, predictable, and robust motor control, while reducing risk for motor complications (e.g., levodopa-induced dyskinesia) and nonmotor AEs (e.g., impulse control disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness). Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate this hypothesis. The potential emerging availability of novel dopamine receptor agonists with selective dopamine receptor pharmacology suggests that the older terminology "dopamine agonist" may need revision to distinguish older-generation D2/D3-selective agonists from D1/D5-selective agonists with distinct efficacy and tolerability characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H. Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Robert A. Hauser
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David Gray
- Vigil Neuroscience, Inc, Watertown, MA, USA
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Dopamine Receptor Expression and the Pathogenesis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Scoping Review of the Literature. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-022-00253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ferré S, Belcher AM, Bonaventura J, Quiroz C, Sánchez-Soto M, Casadó-Anguera V, Cai NS, Moreno E, Boateng CA, Keck TM, Florán B, Earley CJ, Ciruela F, Casadó V, Rubinstein M, Volkow ND. Functional and pharmacological role of the dopamine D 4 receptor and its polymorphic variants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014678. [PMID: 36267569 PMCID: PMC9578002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional and pharmacological significance of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) has remained the least well understood of all the dopamine receptor subtypes. Even more enigmatic has been the role of the very prevalent human DRD4 gene polymorphisms in the region that encodes the third intracellular loop of the receptor. The most common polymorphisms encode a D4R with 4 or 7 repeats of a proline-rich sequence of 16 amino acids (D4.4R and D4.7R). DRD4 polymorphisms have been associated with individual differences linked to impulse control-related neuropsychiatric disorders, with the most consistent associations established between the gene encoding D4.7R and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders. The function of D4R and its polymorphic variants is being revealed by addressing the role of receptor heteromerization and the relatively avidity of norepinephrine for D4R. We review the evidence conveying a significant and differential role of D4.4R and D4.7R in the dopaminergic and noradrenergic modulation of the frontal cortico-striatal pyramidal neuron, with implications for the moderation of constructs of impulsivity as personality traits. This differential role depends on their ability to confer different properties to adrenergic α2A receptor (α2AR)-D4R heteromers and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)-D4R heteromers, preferentially localized in the perisomatic region of the frontal cortical pyramidal neuron and its striatal terminals, respectively. We also review the evidence to support the D4R as a therapeutic target for ADHD and other impulse-control disorders, as well as for restless legs syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Sergi Ferré,
| | - Annabelle M. Belcher
- Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - César Quiroz
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marta Sánchez-Soto
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ning-Sheng Cai
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departament of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher J. Earley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Rubinstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Willmann M, Ermert J, Prante O, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Neumaier B. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled dopamine D 4-receptor ligands. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:43-52. [PMID: 32718750 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) has attracted considerable attention as potential target for the treatment of a broad range of central nervous system disorders. Although many efforts have been made to improve the performance of putative radioligand candidates, there is still a lack of D4R selective tracers suitable for in vivo PET imaging. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a D4-selective PET ligand for clinical applications. METHODS Four compounds based on previous and new lead structures were prepared and characterized with regard to their D4R subtype selectivity and predicted lipophilicity. From these, 3-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine I and (S)-4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(phenoxymethyl)morpholine II were selected for labeling with fluorine-18 and subsequent evaluation by in vitro autoradiography to assess their suitability as D4 radioligand candidates for in vivo imaging. RESULTS The radiosynthesis of [18F]I and [18F]II was successfully achieved by copper-mediated radiofluorination with radiochemical yields of 7% and 66%, respectively. The radioligand [18F]II showed specific binding in areas where D4 expression is expected, whereas [18F]I did not show any uptake in distinct brain regions and exhibited an unacceptable degree of non-specific binding. CONCLUSIONS The compounds studied exhibited high D4R subtype selectivity and logP values compatible with high brain uptake, but only ligand [18F]II showed low non-specific binding and is therefore a good candidate for further evaluation. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The discovery of new lead structures for high-affinity D4 ligands opens up new possibilities for the development of suitable PET-radioligands. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT PET-imaging of dopamine D4-receptors could facilitate understanding, diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Olaf Prante
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Translational Research Center, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; University of Colgne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Giorgioni G, Del Bello F, Pavletić P, Quaglia W, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Piergentili A. Recent findings leading to the discovery of selective dopamine D 4 receptor ligands for the treatment of widespread diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113141. [PMID: 33422983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) has been suggested to be an attractive target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Novel findings have renewed the interest in such a receptor as an emerging target for the management of different diseases, including cancer, Parkinson's disease, alcohol or substance use disorders, eating disorders, erectile dysfunction and cognitive deficits. The recently resolved crystal structures of D4R in complexes with the potent ligands nemonapride and L-745870 strongly improved the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involving the D4R functions and may help medicinal chemists in drug design. This review is focused on the recent development of the subtype selective D4R ligands belonging to classical or new chemotypes. Moreover, ligands showing functional selectivity toward G protein activation or β-arrestin recruitment and the effects of selective D4R ligands on the above-mentioned diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Pegi Pavletić
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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Conde Rojas I, Acosta-García J, Caballero-Florán RN, Jijón-Lorenzo R, Recillas-Morales S, Avalos-Fuentes JA, Paz-Bermúdez F, Leyva-Gómez G, Cortés H, Florán B. Dopamine D4 receptor modulates inhibitory transmission in pallido-pallidal terminals and regulates motor behavior. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4563-4585. [PMID: 33098606 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two major groups of terminals release GABA within the Globus pallidus; one group is constituted by projections from striatal neurons, while endings of the intranuclear collaterals form the other one. Each neurons' population expresses different subtypes of dopamine D2-like receptors: D2 R subtype is expressed by encephalin-positive MSNs, while pallidal neurons express the D4 R subtype. The D2 R modulates the firing rate of striatal neurons and GABA release at their projection areas, while the D4 R regulates Globus pallidus neurons excitability and GABA release at their projection areas. However, it is unknown if these receptors control GABA release at pallido-pallidal collaterals and regulate motor behavior. Here, we present neurochemical evidence of protein content and binding of D4 R in pallidal synaptosomes, control of [3 H] GABA release in pallidal slices of rat, electrophysiological evidence of the presence of D4 R on pallidal recurrent collaterals in mouse slices, and turning behavior induced by D4 R antagonist microinjected in amphetamine challenged rats. As in projection areas of pallidal neurons, GABAergic transmission in pallido-pallidal recurrent synapses is under modulation of D4 R, while the D2 R subtype, as known, modulates striato-pallidal projections. Also, as in projection areas, D4 R contributes to control the motor activity differently than D2 R. This study could help to understand the organization of intra-pallidal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Conde Rojas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, México
| | | | | | - Rafael Jijón-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, México
| | - Sergio Recillas-Morales
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - José Arturo Avalos-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, México
| | - Francisco Paz-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, México
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, México
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Segura-Chama P, Luis E, Almanza A, Pellicer F, Hernández-Cruz A, Mercado F. Modulation of intracellular calcium concentration by D2-like DA receptor agonists in non-peptidergic DRG neurons is mediated mainly by D4 receptor activation. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135267. [PMID: 32717335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptive stimuli attributes are codified in the periphery; at this level, D2-like dopamine (DA) receptor activation decreases the high voltage-gated Ca2+ current predominantly in mechanonociceptive neurons, which explains the presynaptic action mechanism of the antinociception produced by quinpirole when it is intrathecally administered in rats. However, the identity of D2-like DA receptor subtype that mediates this effect remains unknown. To answer this question, we used Fluo-4-based Ca2+ microfluorometry to study the depolarization-elicited [Ca2+]i increase in small non-peptidergic DRG neurons (identified by its binding to the Isolectin B4), and to test the effect of D2-like DA receptor activation by quinpirole in presence of selective antagonists for D2, D3, and D4 DA receptors. The results showed a significantly greater contribution of the D4 DA receptor in the down-modulation of depolarization-elicited [Ca2+]i increase in small non-peptidergic DRG neurons compared to the other receptors. Although the D2 and D3 receptor antagonists also slightly inhibited the effect of quinpirole, their effects were significantly weaker than those of the D4 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, we showed that quinpirole selectively inhibits the CaV2.2 Ca2+ channels. Our results suggest that the activation of the D4 DA receptors is a promising strategy for pain management at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Segura-Chama
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT - Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enoch Luis
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT - Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Almanza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Mehdizadeh M, Ashtari N, Jiao X, Rahimi Balaei M, Marzban A, Qiyami-Hour F, Kong J, Ghavami S, Marzban H. Alteration of the Dopamine Receptors' Expression in the Cerebellum of the Lysosomal Acid Phosphatase 2 Mutant (Naked-Ataxia ( NAX)) Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2914. [PMID: 32326360 PMCID: PMC7215910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous mutation in the lysosomal acid phosphatase (Acp2) enzyme (nax: naked-ataxia) in experimental mice results in delayed hair appearance and severe cytoarchitectural impairments of the cerebellum, such as a Purkinje cell (PC) migration defect. In our previous investigation, our team showed that Acp2 expression plans a significant role in cerebellar development. On the other hand, the dopaminergic system is also a player in central nervous system (CNS) development, including cerebellar structure and function. In the current investigation, we have explored how Acp2 can be involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic pathway in the cerebellum via the regulation of dopamine receptor expression and patterning. We provided evidence about the distribution of different dopamine receptors in the developing cerebellum by comparing the expression of dopamine receptors on postnatal days (P) 5 and 17 between nax mice and wild-type (wt) littermates. To this aim, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted using five antibodies against dopamine receptors (DRD1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) accompanied by RNAseq data. Our results revealed that DRD1, -3, and -4 gene expressions significantly increased in nax cerebella but not in wt, while gene expressions of all 5 receptors were evident in PCs of both wt and nax cerebella. DRD3 was strongly expressed in the PCs' somata and cerebellar nuclei neurons at P17 in nax mice, which was comparable to the expression levels in the cerebella of wt littermates. In addition, DRD3 was expressed in scattered cells in a granular layer reminiscent of Golgi cells and was observed in the wt cerebella but not in nax mice. DRD4 was expressed in a subset of PCs and appeared to align with the unique parasagittal stripes pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of alterations in the expression pattern of DRDs in the cerebellum of nax mice in comparison to their wt littermates, and it highlights the role of Acp2 in regulating the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Niloufar Ashtari
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maryam Rahimi Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Asghar Marzban
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran;
| | - Farshid Qiyami-Hour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Jiming Kong
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
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Bieliński M, Lesiewska N, Junik R, Kamińska A, Tretyn A, Borkowska A. Dopaminergic Genes Polymorphisms and Prefrontal Cortex Efficiency Among Obese People - Whether Gender is a Differentiating Factor? Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:405-418. [PMID: 31032750 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190424143653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic condition associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a useful tool for evaluating executive functions. In this study, we assessed the association between dopaminergic gene polymorphisms: DAT1 (SLC6A3), COMTVal158Met, DRD4 (48-bp variable number of tandem repeats - VNTR) and WCST parameters to investigate the functions of the frontal lobes in obese individuals. OBJECTIVE To find the significant correlations between polymorphisms of DAT1, COMTVal158Met, DRD4 and executive functions in obese subjects. METHODS The analysis of the frequency of individual alleles was performed in 248 obese patients (179 women, 69 men). Evaluation of the prefrontal cortex function (operating memory and executive functions) was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Separate analyzes were performed in age subgroups to determine different activities and regulation of genes in younger and older participants. RESULTS Scores of WCST parameters were different in the subgroups of women and men and in the age subgroups. Regarding the COMT gene, patients with A/A and G/A polymorphisms showed significantly better WCST results in WCST_P, WCST_CC and WCST_1st. Regarding DAT1 men with L/L and L/S made less non-perseverative errors, which was statistically significant. In DRD4, significantly better WCST_1st results were found only in older women with S allele. CONCLUSION Obtained results indicate the involvement of dopaminergic transmission in the regulation of prefrontal cortex function. Data analysis indicates that prefrontal cortex function may ensue, from different elements such as genetic factors, metabolic aspects of obesity, and hormonal activity (estrogen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bieliński
- Chair and Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Lesiewska
- Chair and Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Roman Junik
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Department of Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Chair and Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Edelmann E, Lessmann V. Dopaminergic innervation and modulation of hippocampal networks. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:711-727. [PMID: 29470647 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catecholamine dopamine plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent plasticity and related learning and memory processes. Dopamine secretion in the hippocampus is activated by, e.g., salient or novel stimuli, thereby helping to establish and to stabilize hippocampus-dependent memories. Disturbed dopaminergic function in the hippocampus leads to severe pathophysiological conditions. While the role and importance of dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal networks have been unequivocally proven, there is still a lack of detailed molecular and cellular mechanistic understanding of how dopamine orchestrates these hippocampal processes. In this chapter of the special issue "Hippocampal structure and function," we will discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic modulation of basal synaptic transmission and long-lasting, activity-dependent potentiation or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Edelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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13
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Pelkey KA, Chittajallu R, Craig MT, Tricoire L, Wester JC, McBain CJ. Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1619-1747. [PMID: 28954853 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10-15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Michael T Craig
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Jason C Wester
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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Neurochemical arguments for the use of dopamine D 4 receptor stimulation to improve cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 157:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vergara MD, Keller VN, Fuentealba JA, Gysling K. Activation of type 4 dopaminergic receptors in the prelimbic area of medial prefrontal cortex is necessary for the expression of innate fear behavior. Behav Brain Res 2017; 324:130-137. [PMID: 28212942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The prelimbic area (PL) of the medial Prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in the acquisition and expression of conditioned and innate fear. Both types of fear share several neuronal pathways. It has been documented that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in the regulation of aversive memories in the mPFC. The exposure to an aversive stimulus, such as the smell of a predator odor or the exposure to footshock stress is accompanied by an increase in mPFC DA release. Evidence suggests that the type 4 dopaminergic receptor (D4R) is the molecular target through which DA modulates fear expression. In fact, the mPFC is the brain region with the highest expression of D4R; however, the role of D4R in the expression of innate fear has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the principal objective of this work was to evaluate the participation of mPFC D4R in the expression of innate fear. Rats were exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and to the cat odor paradigm after the intra PL injection of L-745,870, selective D4R antagonist, to measure the expression of fear-related behaviors. Intra PL injection of L-745,870 increased the time spent in the EPM open arms and decreased freezing behavior in the cat odor paradigm. Our results also showed that D4R is expressed in GABAergic and pyramidal neurons in the PL region of PFC. Thus, D4R antagonism in the PL decreases the expression of innate fear-behavior indicating that the activation of D4R in the PL is necessary for the expression of innate fear-behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena D Vergara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor N Keller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Postnatal development of neurotransmitter systems and their relevance to extinction of conditioned fear. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 138:252-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Schweren LJS, Hartman CA, Heslenfeld DJ, Groenman AP, Franke B, Oosterlaan J, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ. Age and DRD4 Genotype Moderate Associations Between Stimulant Treatment History and Cortex Structure in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:877-885.e3. [PMID: 27663943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with dopaminergic imbalance and subtle volume decreases in the brain. Stimulants acutely enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission. Long-term effects of prolonged manipulation of the dopaminergic system on brain structure remain poorly understood; they could be beneficial or unfavorable and could be moderated by common genetic variants and/or age. METHOD In a large observational ADHD cohort study (N = 316), the effects of cumulative stimulant treatment, genotype (for DAT1 haplotype and DRD4 variants), and treatment-by-genotype interactions on striatal, frontal, and hippocampal volumes and their interactions with age were evaluated. RESULTS No main effects of treatment were found. Associations between treatment and bilateral frontal and left hippocampal volume depended on DRD4 genotype and age. At a younger age and lower treatment levels, but not at a younger age and higher treatment levels, carriers of the DRD4 7R allele showed decreased frontal cortex volumes. At an older age, carriers and non-carriers showed smaller frontal volumes irrespective of treatment history. Left hippocampal volume was similar to that in controls at average treatment levels and increased with treatment only in carriers of the DRD4 risk allele and at a younger age. No interaction effects were found in the striatum. CONCLUSION Carriers of the DRD4 risk allele at a younger age might be sensitive to cortical remodeling after stimulant treatment. The cross-sectional nature of this study warrants cautious interpretation of age effects. The present findings, although of small effect size, might ultimately contribute to optimal care for individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne J S Schweren
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang X, Kim KM. Palmitoylation of the carboxyl-terminal tail of dopamine D4 receptor is required for surface expression, endocytosis, and signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Pérez-Fernández J, Megías M, Pombal MA. Expression of a Novel D4 Dopamine Receptor in the Lamprey Brain. Evolutionary Considerations about Dopamine Receptors. Front Neuroanat 2016; 9:165. [PMID: 26778974 PMCID: PMC4701969 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous data reported in lampreys, which belong to the phylogenetically oldest branch of vertebrates, show that the dopaminergic system was already well developed at the dawn of vertebrate evolution. The expression of dopamine in the lamprey brain is well conserved when compared to other vertebrates, and this is also true for the D2 receptor. Additionally, the key role of dopamine in the striatum, modulating the excitability in the direct and indirect pathways through the D1 and D2 receptors, has also been recently reported in these animals. The moment of divergence regarding the two whole genome duplications occurred in vertebrates suggests that additional receptors, apart from the D1 and D2 previously reported, could be present in lampreys. We used in situ hybridization to characterize the expression of a novel dopamine receptor, which we have identified as a D4 receptor according to the phylogenetic analysis. The D4 receptor shows in the sea lamprey a more restricted expression pattern than the D2 subtype, as reported in mammals. Its main expression areas are the striatum, lateral and ventral pallial sectors, several hypothalamic regions, habenula, and mesencephalic and rhombencephalic motoneurons. Some expression areas are well conserved through vertebrate evolution, as is the case of the striatum or the habenula, but the controversies regarding the D4 receptor expression in other vertebrates hampers for a complete comparison, especially in rhombencephalic regions. Our results further support that the dopaminergic system in vertebrates is well conserved and suggest that at least some functions of the D4 receptor were already present before the divergence of lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pérez-Fernández
- Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology - Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Uiversity of Vigo Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Megías
- Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology - Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Uiversity of Vigo Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel A Pombal
- Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology - Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Uiversity of Vigo Vigo, Spain
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Zhen J, Antonio T, Jacob JC, Grandy DK, Reith MEA, Dutta AK, Selley DE. Efficacy of Hybrid Tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole Based Aryl Piperazines D-264 and D-301 at D₂ and D₃ Receptors. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:328-339. [PMID: 26718829 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In elucidating the role of pharmacodynamic efficacy at D3 receptors in therapeutic effectiveness of dopamine receptor agonists, the influence of study system must be understood. Here two compounds with D3 over D2 selectivity developed in our earlier work, D-264 and D-301, are compared in dopamine receptor-mediated G-protein activation in striatal regions of wild-type and D2 receptor knockout mice and in CHO cells expressing D2 or D3 receptors. In caudate-putamen of D2 knockout mice, D-301 was ~3-fold more efficacious than D-264 in activating G-proteins as assessed by [(35)S]GTPγS binding; in nucleus accumbens, D-301 stimulated G-protein activation whereas D-264 did not. In contrast, the two ligands exerted similar efficacy in both regions of wild-type mice, suggesting both ligands activate D2 receptors with similar efficacy. In D2 and D3 receptor-expressing CHO cells, D-264 and D-301 appeared to act in the [(35)S]GTPγS assay as full agonists because they produced maximal stimulation equal to dopamine. Competition for [(3)H]spiperone binding was then performed to determine Ki/EC50 ratios as an index of receptor reserve for each ligand. Action of D-301, but not D-264, showed receptor reserve in D3 but not in D2 receptor-expressing cells, whereas dopamine showed receptor reserve in both cell lines. Gαo1 is highly expressed in brain and is important in D2-like receptor-G protein coupling. Transfection of Gαo1 in D3- but not D2-expressing CHO cells led to receptor reserve for D-264 without altering receptor expression levels. D-301 and dopamine exhibited receptor reserve in D3-expressing cells both with and without transfection of Gαo1. Altogether, these results indicate that D-301 has greater intrinsic efficacy to activate D3 receptors than D-264, whereas the two compounds act on D2 receptors with similar intrinsic efficacy. These findings also suggest caution in interpreting Emax values from functional assays in receptor-transfected cell models without accounting for receptor reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Antonio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David K Grandy
- DKG Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine and the Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maarten E A Reith
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aloke K Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Rosen ZB, Cheung S, Siegelbaum SA. Midbrain dopamine neurons bidirectionally regulate CA3-CA1 synaptic drive. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1763-71. [PMID: 26523642 PMCID: PMC11186581 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is required for hippocampal-dependent memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 Schaffer collateral (SC) synapses. It is therefore surprising that exogenously applied DA has little effect on SC synapses, but suppresses CA1 perforant path (PP) inputs. To examine DA actions under more physiological conditions, we used optogenetics to release DA from ventral tegmental area inputs to hippocampus. Unlike exogenous DA application, optogenetic release of DA caused a bidirectional, activity-dependent modulation of SC synapses, with no effect on PP inputs. Low levels of DA release, simulating tonic DA neuron firing, depressed the SC response through a D4 receptor-dependent enhancement of feedforward inhibition mediated by parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Higher levels of DA release, simulating phasic firing, increased SC responses through a D1 receptor-dependent enhancement of excitatory transmission. Thus, tonic-phasic transitions in DA neuron firing in response to motivational demands may cause a modulatory switch from inhibition to enhancement of hippocampal information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zev B. Rosen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheung
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven A. Siegelbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
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O'Connor WT, O'Shea SD. Clozapine and GABA transmission in schizophrenia disease models. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:47-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leopoldo M, Selivanova SV, Müller A, Lacivita E, Schetz JA, Ametamey SM. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of N-{2-[4-(3-Cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-[(11) C]methoxybenz-amide, a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for dopamine D4 receptors, in rodents. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1298-308. [PMID: 25238073 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The D4 dopamine receptor belongs to the D2 -like family of dopamine receptors, and its exact regional distribution in the central nervous system is still a matter of considerable debate. The availability of a selective radioligand for the D4 receptor with suitable properties for positron emission tomography (PET) would help resolve issues of D4 receptor localization in the brain, and the presumed diurnal change of expressed protein in the eye and pineal gland. We report here on in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the high-affinity D4 receptor-selective ligand N-{2-[4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-[(11) C]methoxybenzamide ([(11) C]2) in rat. The results provide new insights on the in vitro properties that a brain PET dopamine D4 radioligand should possess in order to have improved in vivo utility in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'A. Moro', via Orabona, 4, IT-70125 Bari
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Prante O, Maschauer S, Banerjee A. Radioligands for the dopamine receptor subtypes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:130-48. [PMID: 24285319 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actions of the predominant neurotransmitter in the brain, dopamine, are mediated by the postsynaptic dopamine receptors. The five dopamine receptor subtypes and their regulation have been associated with a large variety of psychiatric diseases. Therefore, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies using suitable and selective (18) F-labeled and (11) C-labeled dopamine receptor radioligands could provide valuable knowledge on the impact of receptor density on the pathogenesis and evolvement of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. This special issue subchapter provides a summary of the most important (18) F-labeled and (11) C-labeled radioligands for PET imaging of the dopamine receptor subtypes, their radiochemistry, and characteristics from in vitro and in vivo applications, considering not only the already established PET ligands but also the recently published preclinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Prante
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Stimulation of dopamine D4 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of male rats induces hyperphagia: Involvement of glutamate. Physiol Behav 2014; 133:272-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Strange B, Gartmann N, Brenninkmeyer J, Haaker J, Reif A, Kalisch R, Büchel C. Dopamine receptor 4 promoter polymorphism modulates memory and neuronal responses to salience. Neuroimage 2014; 84:922-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Neuregulin and dopamine modulation of hippocampal gamma oscillations is dependent on dopamine D4 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13118-23. [PMID: 22822214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201011109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuregulin/ErbB signaling network is genetically associated with schizophrenia and modulates hippocampal γ oscillations--a type of neuronal network activity important for higher brain processes and altered in psychiatric disorders. Because neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) dramatically increases extracellular dopamine levels in the hippocampus, we investigated the relationship between NRG/ErbB and dopamine signaling in hippocampal γ oscillations. Using agonists for different D1- and D2-type dopamine receptors, we found that the D4 receptor (D4R) agonist PD168077, but not D1/D5 and D2/D3 agonists, increases γ oscillation power, and its effect is blocked by the highly specific D4R antagonist L-745,870. Using double in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence histochemistry, we show that hippocampal D4R mRNA and protein are more highly expressed in GAD67-positive GABAergic interneurons, many of which express the NRG-1 receptor ErbB4. Importantly, D4 and ErbB4 receptors are coexpressed in parvalbumin-positive basket cells that are critical for γ oscillations. Last, we report that D4R activation is essential for the effects of NRG-1 on network activity because L-745,870 and the atypical antipsychotic clozapine dramatically reduce the NRG-1-induced increase in γ oscillation power. This unique link between D4R and ErbB4 signaling on γ oscillation power, and their coexpression in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, suggests a cellular mechanism that may be compromised in different psychiatric disorders affecting cognitive control. These findings are important given the association of a DRD4 polymorphism with alterations in attention, working memory, and γ oscillations, and suggest potential benefits of D4R modulators for targeting cognitive deficits.
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Andersson R, Johnston A, Fisahn A. Dopamine D4 receptor activation increases hippocampal gamma oscillations by enhancing synchronization of fast-spiking interneurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40906. [PMID: 22815864 PMCID: PMC3398948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma oscillations are electric activity patterns of the mammalian brain hypothesized to serve attention, sensory perception, working memory and memory encoding. They are disrupted or altered in schizophrenic patients with associated cognitive deficits, which persist in spite of treatment with antipsychotics. Because cognitive symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia it is relevant to explore signaling pathways that potentially regulate gamma oscillations. Dopamine has been reported to decrease gamma oscillation power via D1-like receptors. Based on the expression pattern of D4 receptors (D4R) in hippocampus, and pharmacological effects of D4R ligands in animals, we hypothesize that they are in a position to regulate gamma oscillations as well. Methodology/Principal Findings To address this hypothesis we use rat hippocampal slices and kainate-induced gamma oscillations. Local field potential recordings as well as intracellular recordings of pyramidal cells, fast-spiking and non-fast-spiking interneurons were carried out. We show that D4R activation with the selective ligand PD168077 increases gamma oscillation power, which can be blocked by the D4R-specific antagonist L745,870 as well as by the antipsychotic drug Clozapine. Pyramidal cells did not exhibit changes in excitatory or inhibitory synaptic current amplitudes, but inhibitory currents became more coherent with the oscillations after application of PD168077. Fast-spiking, but not non-fast spiking, interneurons, increase their action potential phase-coupling and coherence with regard to ongoing gamma oscillations in response to D4R activation. Among several possible mechanisms we found that the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 also blocks the D4R mediated increase in gamma oscillation power. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that D4R activation affects fast-spiking interneuron synchronization and thereby increases gamma power by an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism. This suggests that converging deficits on fast-spiking interneurons may lead to decreased network function and thus aberrant gamma oscillations and cognitive decline in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Andersson
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - April Johnston
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Wu J, Xiao H, Sun H, Zou L, Zhu LQ. Role of dopamine receptors in ADHD: a systematic meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:605-20. [PMID: 22610946 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system via its five diverse receptors (D1-D5). Dysfunction of dopaminergic system is implicated in many neuropsychological diseases, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common mental disorder that prevalent in childhood. Understanding the relationship of five different dopamine (DA) receptors with ADHD will help us to elucidate different roles of these receptors and to develop therapeutic approaches of ADHD. This review summarized the ongoing research of DA receptor genes in ADHD pathogenesis and gathered the past published data with meta-analysis and revealed the high risk of DRD5, DRD2, and DRD4 polymorphisms in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nimitvilai S, Arora DS, Brodie MS. Reversal of dopamine inhibition of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area is mediated by protein kinase C. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:543-56. [PMID: 21976045 PMCID: PMC3242316 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of putative dopaminergic (pDA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to drugs of abuse may alter information processing related to reward and reinforcement and is an important factor in the development of addiction. We have demonstrated that prolonged increases in the concentration of dopamine (DA) result in a time-dependent decrease in sensitivity of pDA neurons to DA, which we termed DA inhibition reversal (DIR). In this study, we used extracellular recordings to examine factors mediating DIR. A 40 min administration of DA (2.5-10 μM), but not the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (50-200 nM), resulted in inhibition of neuronal firing followed by DIR. In the presence of 100 nM cocaine, inhibition followed by DIR was seen with much lower DA concentrations. Reversal of quinpirole inhibition could be induced by an activator of protein kinase C, but not of protein kinase A. Inhibitors of protein kinase C or phospholipase C blocked the development of DIR. Disruption of intracellular calcium release also prevented DIR. Reduction of extracellular calcium or inhibition of store-operated calcium entry blocked DIR, but the L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine did not. DIR was age-dependent and not seen in pDA VTA neurons from rat pups younger than 15 days postnatally. Our data indicate that DIR is mediated by protein kinase C, and implicate a conventional protein kinase C. This characterization of DIR gives insight into the regulation of autoinhibition of pDA VTA neurons, and the resulting long-term alteration in information processing related to reward and reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Nimitvilai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Devinder S Arora
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark S Brodie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL 60612-7342, USA, Tel: +1 312 996 2373, Fax: +1 312 996 1414, E-mail:
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Hazell GG, Hindmarch CC, Pope GR, Roper JA, Lightman SL, Murphy D, O’Carroll AM, Lolait SJ. G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei--serpentine gateways to neuroendocrine homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:45-66. [PMID: 21802439 PMCID: PMC3336209 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the mammalian genome. They are activated by a multitude of different ligands that elicit rapid intracellular responses to regulate cell function. Unsurprisingly, a large proportion of therapeutic agents target these receptors. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are important mediators in homeostatic control. Many modulators of PVN/SON activity, including neurotransmitters and hormones act via GPCRs--in fact over 100 non-chemosensory GPCRs have been detected in either the PVN or SON. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the expression of GPCRs within the PVN/SON, including data from recent transcriptomic studies that potentially expand the repertoire of GPCRs that may have functional roles in these hypothalamic nuclei. We also present some aspects of the regulation and known roles of GPCRs in PVN/SON, which are likely complemented by the activity of 'orphan' GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Lolait
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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32
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Salum C, Issy AC, Brandão ML, Guimarães FS, Bel EAD. Nitric oxide modulates dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in the basolateral amygdala. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1639-48. [PMID: 20837567 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110379282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (LNO) prevents the disruptive effect of amphetamine (Amph) on prepulse inhibition (PPI), a sensorimotor gating model in which the amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) to a startling sound (pulse) is reduced when preceded immediately by a weaker stimulus (prepulse). Given that dopamine (DA) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the control of information processing, our aim was to investigate if intra-BLA administration of LNO would modify the disruption caused by the DA agonists, Amph, apomorphine (Apo) and quinpirole (QNP), on PPI. Male Wistar rats received bilateral intra-BLA microinjections (0.2 µL/min/side) of combined treatments (saline or LNO 11 µg followed by saline, QNP 3 µg, Apo 10 µg or Amph 30 µg). PPI was disrupted by intra-BLA Apo, QNP or Amph but not by LNO. Prior bilateral intra-BLA injection of LNO prevented the Apo- and QNP-induced disruption of PPI but did not affect that caused by Amph. APO- or QNP-induced increases in ASR to prepulse + pulse were also restored by LNO. Since local inhibition of NO formation affected the effects of direct, but not indirect, DA agonists, the results suggest that this modulation is not occurring at the level of DA release but may involve complex interactions with other neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salum
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
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MDMA-induced c-Fos expression in oxytocin-containing neurons is blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT-1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:65-73. [PMID: 21745546 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The popular party drug MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, "Ecstasy") increases sociability in both humans and laboratory animals. Recent research suggests that these prosocial effects may involve serotonin (5-HT)-stimulated hypothalamic release of the neuropeptide oxytocin. WAY 100635, a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, prevents MDMA-induced increases in plasma oxytocin and also reduces MDMA-mediated increases in social interaction in rats. The present study used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to determine the possible role of 5-HT(1A) receptors in MDMA-mediated activation of oxytocin synthesizing neurons. Male Wistar rats (n=8/group) were administered MDMA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment and c-Fos expression was then assessed throughout the brain. MDMA significantly increased locomotor activity and this effect was partly prevented by WAY 100635, in agreement with previous studies. WAY 100635 significantly reduced MDMA-induced c-Fos expression in a subset of brain regions examined. A particularly prominent reduction was seen in the oxytocin-positive neurons of the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamus, with more modest reductions in the Islands of Calleja, median preoptic nucleus, somatosensory cortex and nucleus of the solitary tract. WAY 100635 did not alter MDMA-induced c-Fos expression in the striatum, thalamus, or central amygdala. These results indicate that MDMA's action on oxytocin producing cells in the hypothalamus is mediated through 5-HT(1A) receptors and that certain specific cortical, limbic and brainstem sites are also activated by MDMA via these receptors.
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Benítez-Burraco A. Neurobiología y neurogenética de la dislexia. Neurologia 2010; 25:563-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Dopamine and oxytocin interactions underlying behaviors: potential contributions to behavioral disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010; 16:e92-123. [PMID: 20557568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neuromodulator that exerts widespread effects on the central nervous system (CNS) function. Disruption in dopaminergic neurotransmission can have profound effects on mood and behavior and as such is known to be implicated in various neuropsychiatric behavioral disorders including autism and depression. The subsequent effects on other neurocircuitries due to dysregulated dopamine function have yet to be fully explored. Due to the marked social deficits observed in psychiatric patients, the neuropeptide, oxytocin is emerging as one particular neural substrate that may be influenced by the altered dopamine levels subserving neuropathologic-related behavioral diseases. Oxytocin has a substantial role in social attachment, affiliation and sexual behavior. More recently, it has emerged that disturbances in peripheral and central oxytocin levels have been detected in some patients with dopamine-dependent disorders. Thus, oxytocin is proposed to be a key neural substrate that interacts with central dopamine systems. In addition to psychosocial improvement, oxytocin has recently been implicated in mediating mesolimbic dopamine pathways during drug addiction and withdrawal. This bi-directional role of dopamine has also been implicated during some components of sexual behavior. This review will discuss evidence for the existence dopamine/oxytocin positive interaction in social behavioral paradigms and associated disorders such as sexual dysfunction, autism, addiction, anorexia/bulimia, and depression. Preliminary findings suggest that whilst further rigorous testing has to be conducted to establish a dopamine/oxytocin link in human disorders, animal models seem to indicate the existence of broad and integrated brain circuits where dopamine and oxytocin interactions at least in part mediate socio-affiliative behaviors. A profound disruption to these pathways is likely to underpin associated behavioral disorders. Central oxytocin pathways may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve mood and socio-affiliative behaviors in patients with profound social deficits and/or drug addiction.
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36
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Govindaiah G, Wang T, Gillette MU, Crandall SR, Cox CL. Regulation of inhibitory synapses by presynaptic D₄ dopamine receptors in thalamus. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:2757-65. [PMID: 20884758 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00361.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptors are the principal targets of drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Among the five DA receptor subtypes, the D(4) subtype is of particular interest because of the relatively high affinity of the atypical neuropleptic clozapine for D(4) compared with D(2) receptors. GABA-containing neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and globus pallidus (GP) express D(4) receptors. TRN neurons receive GABAergic afferents from globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and basal forebrain as well as neighboring TRN neuron collaterals. In addition, TRN receives dopaminergic innervations from substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc); however, the role of D(4) receptors in neuronal signaling at inhibitory synapses is unknown. Using whole cell recordings from in vitro pallido-thalamic slices, we demonstrate that DA selectively suppresses GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked by GP stimulation. The D(2)-like receptor (D(2,3,4)) agonist, quinpirole, and selective D(4) receptor agonist, PD168077, mimicked the actions of DA. The suppressive actions of DA and its agonists were associated with alterations in paired pulse ratio and a decrease in the frequency of miniature IPSCs, suggesting a presynaptic site of action. GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol, induced postsynaptic currents in TRN neurons were unaltered by DA or quinpirole, consistent with the presynaptic site of action. Finally, DA agonists did not alter intra-TRN inhibitory signaling. Our data demonstrate that the activation of presynaptic D(4) receptors regulates GABA release from GP efferents but not TRN collaterals. This novel and selective action of D(4) receptor activation on GP-mediated inhibition may provide insight to potential functional significance of atypical antipsychotic agents. These findings suggest a potential heightened TRN neuron activity in certain neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubbi Govindaiah
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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de Almeida J, Mengod G. D2 and D4 dopamine receptor mRNA distribution in pyramidal neurons and GABAergic subpopulations in monkey prefrontal cortex: implications for schizophrenia treatment. Neuroscience 2010; 170:1133-9. [PMID: 20727949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
D2 and D4 dopamine receptors play an important role in cognitive functions in the prefrontal cortex and they are involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The eventual effect of dopamine upon pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex depends on which receptors are expressed in the different neuronal populations. Parvalbumin and calbindin mark two subpopulations of cortical GABAergic interneurons that differently innervate pyramidal cells. Recent hypotheses about schizophrenia hold that the root of the illness is a dysfunction of parvalbumin chandelier cells that produces disinhibition of pyramidal cells. In the present work we report double in situ hybridization histochemistry experiments to determine the prevalence of D2 receptor mRNA and D4 receptor mRNA in glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic interneurons and both parvalbumin and calbindin GABAergic subpopulations in monkey prefrontal cortex layer V. We found that around 54% of glutamatergic neurons express D2 mRNA and 75% express D4 mRNA, while GAD-positive interneurons express around 34% and 47% respectively. Parvalbumin cells mainly expressed D4 mRNA (65%) and less D2 mRNA (15-20%). Finally, calbindin cells expressed both receptors in similar proportions (37%). We hypothesized that D4 receptor could be a complementary target in designing new antipsychotics, mainly because of its predominance in parvalbumin interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Almeida
- Departament de Neuroquimica i Neurofarmacologia, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Rondou P, Haegeman G, Van Craenenbroeck K. The dopamine D4 receptor: biochemical and signalling properties. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1971-86. [PMID: 20165900 PMCID: PMC11115718 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that regulates several key functions in the brain, such as motor output, motivation and reward, learning and memory, and endocrine regulation. Dopamine does not mediate fast synaptic transmission, but rather modulates it by triggering slow-acting effects through the activation of dopamine receptors, which belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Besides activating different effectors through G-protein coupling, dopamine receptors also signal through interaction with a variety of proteins, collectively termed dopamine receptor-interacting proteins. We focus on the dopamine D4 receptor, which contains an important polymorphism in its third intracellular loop. This polymorphism has been the subject of numerous studies investigating links with several brain disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. We provide an overview of the structure, signalling properties and regulation of dopamine D4 receptors, and briefly discuss their physiological and pathophysiological role in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Rondou
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Ghent University (UGent), K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Present Address: Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Medical Research Building, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Ghent University (UGent), K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Ghent University (UGent), K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Acquas E, Vinci S, Ibba F, Spiga S, De Luca MA, Di Chiara G. Role of dopamine D1receptors in caffeine-mediated ERK phosphorylation in the rat brain. Synapse 2010; 64:341-9. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Sora I, Li B, Igari M, Hall FS, Ikeda K. Transgenic mice in the study of drug addiction and the effects of psychostimulant drugs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1187:218-46. [PMID: 20201856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The first transgenic models used to study addiction were based upon a priori assumptions about the importance of particular genes in addiction, including the main target molecules of morphine, amphetamine, and cocaine. This consequently emphasized the importance of monoamine transporters, opioid receptors, and monoamine receptors in addiction. Although the effects of opiates were largely eliminated by mu opioid receptor gene knockout, the case for psychostimulants was much more complex. Research using transgenic models supported the idea of a polygenic basis for psychostimulant effects and has associated particular genes with different behavioral consequences of psychostimulants. Phenotypic analysis of transgenic mice, especially gene knockout mice, has been instrumental in identifying the role of specific molecular targets of addictive drugs in their actions. In this article, we summarize studies that have provided insight into the polygenic determination of drug addiction phenotypes in ways that are not possible with other methods, emphasizing research into the effects of psychostimulant drugs in gene knockouts of the monoamine transporters and monoamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Sora
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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41
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Benítez-Burraco A. Neurobiology and neurogenetics of dyslexia. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5808(20)70105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Lauzon NM, Laviolette SR. Dopamine D4-receptor modulation of cortical neuronal network activity and emotional processing: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Behav Brain Res 2009; 208:12-22. [PMID: 19948192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission within cortical and subcortical structures is involved critically in the processing of emotionally relevant sensory information. Three interconnected neural regions, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have received considerable experimental attention, both in animal and clinical research models, as essential interconnected processors of emotional information. Neuronal network activity within both the mPFC and BLA are strongly modified by DA inputs from the VTA through both DA D(2)-like and D(1)-like receptors. However, emerging evidence from clinical, genetic, behavioral and electrophysiological investigations demonstrates a critical role for the DA D(4)-receptor subtype as a crucial modulator of emotional memory encoding and expression, both at the level of the single neuron, and at the systems level. In this review, we will examine recent evidence at the neuronal, behavioral and genetic levels of analysis that increasingly demonstrates an important role for DA D(4) transmission within cortical and subcortical emotional processing circuits. We will present evidence and some theoretical frameworks suggesting how disturbances in D(4)-receptor related neural circuitry may be involved in the neuropathological manifestations common in many neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Lauzon
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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43
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Pharmacological characterization and anatomical distribution of the dopamine transporter in the mouse cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2009; 7:242-51. [PMID: 18418665 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the binding parameters, the pharmacological profile and the anatomical distribution of the dopamine transporter in the mouse cerebellum by using the specific dopamine uptake antagonist [(3)H]GBR12935 and an antidopamine transporter monoclonal antibody. Competition experiments in cerebellar and striatal membrane preparations showed that [(3)H]GBR12935 binds to a specific binding site, sensitive to dopamine and low concentrations of mazindol. The affinity of dopamine for the cerebellar binding site was one order of magnitude lower than the affinity for the striatal binding site. Saturation experiments in cerebellar membrane preparations and thin frozen sections showed that the affinity of [(3)H]GBR12935 for this binding site is similar to its affinity for the striatal dopamine transporter. Saturable binding was lobule specific and in general was higher in the molecular layer compared to the granule cell layer. The immunohistochemical signal was mostly concentrated in the Purkinje cell layer and the cerebellar nuclei. The results suggest that the cerebellar dopamine transporter is similar but not identical to the striatal dopamine transporter and that it is present in the mouse cerebellum in a lobule and lamina specific pattern.
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Selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist (A-412997) improves cognitive performance and stimulates motor activity without influencing reward-related behaviour in rat. Behav Pharmacol 2008; 19:765-76. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32831c3b06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Cellular localization and distribution of dopamine D4 receptors in the rat cerebral cortex and their relationship with the cortical dopaminergic and noradrenergic nerve terminal networks. Neuroscience 2008; 155:997-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Prante O, Tietze R, Hocke C, Löber S, Hübner H, Kuwert T, Gmeiner P. Synthesis, Radiofluorination, and In Vitro Evaluation of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-Based Dopamine D4 Receptor Ligands: Discovery of an Inverse Agonist Radioligand for PET. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1800-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701375u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Prante
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hocke
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Löber
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Caylak E. A review of association and linkage studies for genetical analyses of learning disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:923-43. [PMID: 17510947 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Learning disorders (LD) commonly comprise of a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by unexpected problems in some children's experiences in the academic performance arena. These problems especially comprise of a variety of disorders which may be subclassified to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), reading disability (RD), specific language impairment (SLI), speech-sound disorder (SSD), and dyspraxia. The aim of this review is to summarize the current molecular studies and some of the most exciting recent developments in molecular genetic research on LD. The findings for the association and linkage of LD with candidate genes will help to set the research agendas for future studies to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Caylak
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat University, School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
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48
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Caruana DA, Reed SJ, Sliz DJ, Chapman CA. Inhibiting dopamine reuptake blocks the induction of long-term potentiation and depression in the lateral entorhinal cortex of awake rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 426:6-11. [PMID: 17869420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in olfactory inputs to the lateral entorhinal cortex may result in lasting changes in the processing of olfactory stimuli. Changes in dopaminergic tone can have strong effects on basal evoked synaptic responses in the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex, and the current study investigated whether dopamine may modulate the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in piriform cortex inputs to layer II of the lateral entorhinal cortex in awake rats. Groups of animals were pretreated with either saline or the selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR12909 prior to low or high frequency stimulation to induce LTD or LTP. In saline-treated groups, synaptic responses were potentiated to 122.4+/-6.4% of baseline levels following LTP induction, and were reduced to 84.5+/-4.9% following induction of LTD. Changes in synaptic responses were maintained for up to 60min and returned to baseline levels within 24h. In contrast, induction of both LTP and LTD was blocked in rats pretreated with GBR12909. Dopaminergic suppression of synaptic plasticity in the entorhinal cortex may serve to restrain activity-dependent plasticity during reward-relevant behavioral states or during processing of novel stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Caruana
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Rm.SP-244, Montréal, Que. H4B 1R6, Canada
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Wolstencroft EC, Simic G, thi Man N, Holt I, Lam LT, Buckland PR, Morris GE. Endosomal location of dopamine receptors in neuronal cell cytoplasm. J Mol Histol 2007; 38:333-40. [PMID: 17593530 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-007-9106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Five subtypes of dopamine receptor exist in two subfamilies: two D(1)-like (D(1) and D(5)) and three D(2)-like (D(2), D(3) and D(4)). We produced novel monoclonal antibodies against all three D(2)-like receptors and used them to localize receptors in Ntera-2 (NT-2) cells, the human neuronal precursor cell line. Most of the immunostaining for all three receptors colocalized with mannose-6-phosphate receptor, a marker for late endosomes formed by internalization of the plasma membrane. This result was obtained with antibodies against three different epitopes on the D(3) receptor, to rule out the possibility of cross-reaction with another protein, and controls without primary antibody or in the presence of competitor antigen were completely negative. In rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus, some of the dopamine receptor staining was found in similar structures in neuronal cell cytoplasm. Only some of the neurons were positive for dopamine receptors and the pattern was consistent with previously-reported patterns of innervation by dopamine-producing neurons. Endosomal dopamine receptors may provide a useful method for identifying cell bodies of dopamine-responsive neurons to complement methods that detect only active receptors in the neuronal cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Wolstencroft
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, LMARC Building, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
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Gago B, Fuxe K, Agnati L, Peñafiel A, De La Calle A, Rivera A. Dopamine D(4) receptor activation decreases the expression of mu-opioid receptors in the rat striatum. J Comp Neurol 2007; 502:358-66. [PMID: 17366605 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic and opioid peptide systems interact in many nuclei of the brain. In the striatum, dopamine/opioid peptide interactions modulate locomotor and motivated behaviors as well as reward, motivational, and tolerance processes in opiate dependence. Dopamine D(4) receptors (D(4) R) and mu-opioid receptors (MOR) are highly concentrated in the striosomes (islands) of the striatum, suggesting the existence of receptor-receptor interactions between them. In the present work we studied the role of D(4) R in modulating MOR expression in the islands by using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. The activation of D(4) R by the agonist PD168,077 (1 mg/kg) decreased MOR immunoreactivity (IR) in the striosomes 6 hours after drug treatment. MOR IR levels had recovered 12 hours later. Treatment with a D(4) R antagonist (L745,870, 1mg/kg) blocked downregulation of MOR IR, showing that the D(4) R agonist effects observed were specific. Furthermore, treatment with the D(2)/D(3) receptor agonist quinpirol (1 mg/kg) and D(2)/D(3) receptor antagonist raclopride (1 mg/kg) had no effect in MOR IR, suggesting that D(4) R is the only D2-like receptor producing an MOR downregulation in the islands. The decreases of MOR IR in the striosomes suggest that D(4) R activation may reduce MOR signaling. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the islands in the striatum play a critical role in habit acquisition during drug addiction. D(4) R/MOR interactions could be crucial in such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gago
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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