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Moreira L, Guimarães NM, Santos RS, Loureiro JA, Pereira MDC, Azevedo NF. Oligonucleotide probes for imaging and diagnosis of bacterial infections. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38830823 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The rise of infectious diseases as a public health concern has necessitated the development of rapid and precise diagnostic methods. Imaging techniques like nuclear and optical imaging provide the ability to diagnose infectious diseases within the body, eliminating delays caused by sampling and pre-enrichments of clinical samples and offering spatial information that can aid in a more informed diagnosis. Traditional molecular probes are typically created to image infected tissue without accurately identifying the pathogen. In contrast, oligonucleotides can be tailored to target specific RNA sequences, allowing for the identification of pathogens, and even generating antibiotic susceptibility profiles by focusing on drug resistance genes. Despite the benefits that nucleic acid mimics (NAMs) have provided in terms of stabilizing oligonucleotides, the inadequate delivery of these relatively large molecules into the cytoplasm of bacteria remains a challenge for widespread use of this technology. This review summarizes the key advancements in the field of oligonucleotide probes for in vivo imaging, highlighting the most promising delivery systems described in the literature for developing optical imaging through in vivo hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Moreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Miguel Guimarães
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Sobral Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Attias Cohen S, Simaan-Yameen H, Fuoco C, Gargioli C, Seliktar D. Injectable hydrogel microspheres for sustained gene delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to restore the expression of dystrophin protein in duchenne muscular dystrophy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Raguraman P, Balachandran AA, Chen S, Diermeier SD, Veedu RN. Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Splice Switching: Potential Therapeutic Approach for Cancer Mitigation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5555. [PMID: 34771719 PMCID: PMC8583451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing is an essential process wherein precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is reshaped into mature mRNA. In alternative splicing, exons of any pre-mRNA get rearranged to form mRNA variants and subsequently protein isoforms, which are distinct both by structure and function. On the other hand, aberrant splicing is the cause of many disorders, including cancer. In the past few decades, developments in the understanding of the underlying biological basis for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance have identified many oncogenes as well as carcinogenic splice variants of essential genes. These transcripts are involved in various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling and proliferation. Strategies to inhibit these carcinogenic isoforms at the mRNA level are promising. Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) have been developed to inhibit the production of alternatively spliced carcinogenic isoforms through splice modulation or mRNA degradation. AOs can also be used to induce splice switching, where the expression of an oncogenic protein can be inhibited by the induction of a premature stop codon. In general, AOs are modified chemically to increase their stability and binding affinity. One of the major concerns with AOs is efficient delivery. Strategies for the delivery of AOs are constantly being evolved to facilitate the entry of AOs into cells. In this review, the different chemical modifications employed and delivery strategies applied are discussed. In addition to that various AOs in clinical trials and their efficacy are discussed herein with a focus on six distinct studies that use AO-mediated exon skipping as a therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithi Raguraman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (P.R.); (A.A.B.); (S.C.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Akilandeswari Ashwini Balachandran
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (P.R.); (A.A.B.); (S.C.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (P.R.); (A.A.B.); (S.C.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah D. Diermeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Rakesh N. Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (P.R.); (A.A.B.); (S.C.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Han M, Beon J, Lee JY, Oh SS. Systematic Combination of Oligonucleotides and Synthetic Polymers for Advanced Therapeutic Applications. Macromol Res 2021; 29:665-680. [PMID: 34754286 PMCID: PMC8568687 DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of oligonucleotides is exceptional in therapeutics because of their high safety, potency, and specificity compared to conventional therapeutic agents. However, many obstacles, such as low in vivo stability and poor cellular uptake, have hampered their clinical success. Use of polymeric carriers can be an effective approach for overcoming the biological barriers and thereby maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of the oligonucleotides due to the availability of highly tunable synthesis and functional modification of various polymers. As loaded in the polymeric carriers, the therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and even messenger RNAs, become nuclease-resistant by bypassing renal filtration and can be efficiently internalized into disease cells. In this review, we introduced a variety of systematic combinations between the therapeutic oligonucleotides and the synthetic polymers, including the uses of highly functionalized polymers responding to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous stimuli for spatiotemporal control of oligonucleotide release. We also presented intriguing characteristics of oligonucleotides suitable for targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which can be fully supported by versatile polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moohyun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| | - Jiyun Beon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429 Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
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5
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Honcharenko M, Honcharenko D, Strömberg R. Attachment of Peptides to Oligonucleotides on Solid Support Using Copper(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2036:165-171. [PMID: 31410796 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9670-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo bioavailability and delivery of nucleic acids to the site of action is a severe limitation in oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics. Equipping the ONs with cell penetrating, homing or endosomal escape peptides can enhance specificity and/or uptake efficiencies. We describe here a general procedure for the preparation of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) on solid support utilizing a novel activated alkyne containing linker which enhances the Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Conjugation reaction is efficient in millimolar concentration and submicromolar amounts at ambient temperature. The route for POC preparation involves two subsequent conjugation steps: to solid-supported ONs containing a 5'-amino modifier (1) the triple bond donor (p-(N-propynoylamino)toluic acid (PATA), p-([2-(propynyloxy)acetamido]methyl)benzoic acid (PAMBA) or 2-(propynyloxy)acetic acid (PAA)) is first coupled and then (2) an azido-functionalized peptide is attached via a triazole linkage by copper(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The fragment-conjugated POC is released from the solid support by concentrated ammonia. The method gives high conversion of ON to the POC and only involves a single purification step after complete assembly and release from the solid support. The synthesis is flexible and designed to utilize commercially available oligonucleotide and peptide derivatives without the need for specific automated synthesizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Sugar and Polymer Excipients Enhance Uptake and Splice-Switching Activity of Peptide-Dendrimer/Lipid/Oligonucleotide Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120666. [PMID: 31835435 PMCID: PMC6955847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral transfection vectors are commonly used for oligonucleotide (ON) delivery but face many challenges before reaching the desired compartments inside cells. With the support of additional compounds, it might be more feasible for a vector to endure the barriers and achieve efficient delivery. In this report, we screened 18 different excipients and evaluated their effect on the performance of peptide dendrimer/lipid vector to deliver single-stranded, splice-switching ONs under serum conditions. Transfection efficiency was monitored in four different reporter cell lines by measuring splice-switching activity on RNA and protein levels. All reporter cell lines used had a mutated human β-globin intron 2 sequence interrupting the luciferase gene, which led to an aberrant splicing of luciferase pre-mRNA and subsidence of luciferase protein translation. In the HeLa Luc/705 reporter cell line (a cervical cancer cell line), the lead excipients (Polyvinyl derivatives) potentiated the splice-switching activity up to 95-fold, compared to untreated cells with no detected cytotoxicity. Physical characterization revealed that lead excipients decreased the particle size and the zeta potential of the formulations. In vivo biodistribution studies emphasized the influence of formulations as well as the type of excipients on biodistribution profiles of the ON. Subsequently, we suggest that the highlighted impact of tested excipients would potentially assist in formulation development to deliver ON therapeutics in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Teo RD, Smithwick ER, Migliore A. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-arabinonucleic acid: a valid alternative to DNA for biotechnological applications using charge transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22869-22878. [PMID: 31599901 PMCID: PMC7050622 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The non-biological 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-arabinonucleic acid (2'F-ANA) may be used as a valid alternative to DNA in biomedical and electronic applications because of its higher resistance to hydrolysis and nuclease degradation. However, the advantage of using 2'F-ANA in such applications also depends on its charge-transfer properties compared to DNA. In this study, we compare the charge conduction properties of model 2'F-ANA and DNA double-strands, using structural snapshots from MD simulations to calculate the electronic couplings and reorganization energies associated with the hole transfer steps between adjacent nucleobase pairs. Inserting these charge-transfer parameters into a kinetic model for charge conduction, we find similar conductive properties for DNA and 2'F-ANA. Moreover, we find that 2'F-ANA's enhanced chemical stability does not correspond to a reduction in the nucleobase π-stack structural flexibility relevant to both electronic couplings and reorganization free energies. Our results promote the use of 2'F-ANA in applications that can be based on charge transport, such as biosensing and chip technology, where its chemical stability and conductivity can advantageously combine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie D Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Chen J, Zhong J, Niu P, Xu L, Zhou L, Wu H, Chen C, Dai L. Toxicologic evaluation of repetitive 4-week intravenous injections of midkine antisense oligonucleotide nanoliposomes in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 103:130-139. [PMID: 30682377 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Midkine antisense oligonucleotide (MK-ASODN) nanoliposomes have previously been shown to have inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Herein we report the 4-week sub-chronic toxicity of MK-ASODN nanoliposomes in SD rats. The adverse effects included loss of body weight gain and food consumption, peri-rhinal bleeding, piloerection, peri-anal filth, and kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, lung, and injection site lesions at high doses. Macroscopic changes were observed in the kidneys of the high-dose group, accompanied by a variation in urine protein and white blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. The increased spleen and liver coefficient, and the variation in circulating white blood cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in the high-dose group demonstrated that inflammation was caused by MK-ASODN nanoliposomes and was consistent with the macroscopic changes in the spleen and liver. The main necropsy findings of the animals that died were macroscopic changes in the lung. No severe toxic effects or mortalities occurred in the low- and medium-dose groups. However, a No Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was not identified since there were changes in organs deemed to be adverse at all dose levels. Thus, the maximum tolerated dose of MK-ASODN nanoliposomes for rats was considered to be 6 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Pingping Niu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Limin Xu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310038, PR China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Licheng Dai
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, PR China.
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Asha K, Kumar P, Sanicas M, Meseko CA, Khanna M, Kumar B. Advancements in Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutics against Respiratory Viral Infections. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010006. [PMID: 30577479 PMCID: PMC6351902 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several viruses cause pulmonary infections due to their shared tropism with cells of the respiratory tract. These respiratory problems due to viral infection become a public health concern due to rapid transmission through air/aerosols or via direct-indirect contact with infected persons. In addition, the cross-species transmission causes alterations to viral genetic makeup thereby increasing the risk of emergence of pathogens with new and more potent infectivity. With the introduction of effective nucleic acid-based technologies, post translational gene silencing (PTGS) is being increasingly used to silence viral gene targets and has shown promising approach towards management of many viral infections. Since several host factors are also utilized by these viruses during various stages of infection, silencing these host factors can also serve as promising therapeutic tool. Several nucleic acid-based technologies such as short interfering RNAs (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes), and ribozymes have been studied and used against management of respiratory viruses. These therapeutic nucleic acids can be efficiently delivered through the airways. Studies have also shown efficacy of gene therapy in clinical trials against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well as models of respiratory diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), measles and influenza. In this review, we have summarized some of the recent advancements made in the area of nucleic acid based therapeutics and highlighted the emerging roles of nucleic acids in the management of some of the severe respiratory viral infections. We have also focused on the methods of their delivery and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Asha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Melvin Sanicas
- Sanofi Pasteur, Asia and JPAC Region, Singapore 257856, Singapore.
| | - Clement A Meseko
- Regional Centre for Animal Influenza, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria.
| | - Madhu Khanna
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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Kim T, Kim JU, Yang K, Nam K, Choe D, Kim E, Hong IH, Song M, Lee H, Park J, Roh YH. Nanoparticle-Patterned Multicompartmental Chitosan Capsules for Oral Delivery of Oligonucleotides. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4163-4173. [PMID: 33418815 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orally administered antisense therapy has been introduced as an effective approach for treating cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. However, its practical application has been limited by the instability of oligonucleotides and their inefficient delivery. To overcome these problems, we synthesized size-dependent, oligonucleotide nanoparticle-patterned chitosan/phytic acid (ODN/CS/PA) capsules with protective shields via a three-step process of self-assembly, nanoparticle encapsulation, and shell formation. The multicompartmental capsule size and oligonucleotide nanoparticle-loading pattern were controlled by applying different potentials during the electrostatic extrusion process used for nanoparticle encapsulation. Over 95% of encapsulated oligonucleotides were protected from nuclease digestion (DNase I) and, depending on their size, showed 40-75% protection against simulated gastric fluid. Their controlled release from capsules correlated with the cellular delivery of released nanoparticles and the inhibition of protein expression in cancer cells. Specifically, large capsules showed approximately 32-fold greater delivery to cancer cells than nonencapsulated nanoparticles. We also confirmed delivery of oligonucleotide nanoparticles to the small intestine and colon of rats following oral administration. These findings demonstrate that the multicompartmental ODN/CS/PA capsules can facilitate efficient oral delivery of oligonucleotides for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Un Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwook Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyeong Choe
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Teo RD, Terai K, Migliore A, Beratan DN. Electron transfer characteristics of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-arabinonucleic acid, a nucleic acid with enhanced chemical stability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26063-26067. [PMID: 30191207 PMCID: PMC6202212 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The non-biological nucleic acid 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-arabinonucleic acid (2'F-ANA) may be of use because of its higher chemical stability than DNA in terms of resistance to hydrolysis and nuclease degradation. In order to investigate the charge transfer characteristics of 2'F-ANA, of relevance to applications in nucleic acid-based biosensors and chip technologies, we compare the electronic couplings for hole transfer between stacked nucleobase pairs in DNA and 2'F-ANA by carrying out density functional theory (DFT) calculations on geometries taken from molecular dynamics simulations. We find similar averages and distribution widths of the base-pair couplings in the two systems. On the basis of this result, 2'F-ANA is expected to have charge transfer properties similar to those of DNA, while offering the advantage of enhanced chemical stability. As such, 2'F-ANA may serve as a possible alternative to DNA for use in a broad range of nanobiotechnological applications. Furthermore, we show that the (experimentally observed) enhanced chemical stability resulting from the backbone modifications does not cause reduced fluctuations of the base-pair electronic couplings around the values found for "ideal" B-DNA (with standard step parameter values). Our study also supports the use of a DFT implementation, with the M11 functional, of the wave function overlap method to compute effective electronic couplings in nucleic acid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie D Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | - Kiriko Terai
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. and Department of Natural Science, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Agostino Migliore
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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12
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Li D, Mastaglia FL, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Precision Medicine through Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Exon Skipping. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:982-994. [PMID: 30282590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical implementation of two recently approved antisense RNA therapeutics - Exondys51® to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Duchenne MD) and Spinraza® as a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) - highlights the therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). As shown in the Duchenne and Becker cases, the identification and specific removal of 'dispensable' exons by exon-skipping ASOs could potentially bypass lethal mutations in other genes and bring clinical benefits to affected individuals carrying amenable mutations. In this review, we discuss the potential of therapeutic alternative splicing, with a particular focus on targeted exon skipping using Duchenne MD as an example, and speculate on new applications for other inherited rare diseases where redundant or dispensable exons may be amenable to exon-skipping ASO intervention as precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunhui Li
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6050, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6050, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6050, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Australia.
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus that enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in remarkable decline in the morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, controlling HIV infections still remains a global health priority. HIV access to the CNS serves as the natural viral preserve because most antiretroviral (ARV) drugs possess inadequate or zero delivery across the brain barriers. The structure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the presence of efflux pumps, and the expression of metabolic enzymes pose hurdles for ARV drug-brain entry. Thus, development of target-specific, effective, safe, and controllable drug delivery approach is an important health priority for global elimination of AIDS progression. Nanoformulations can circumvent the BBB to improve CNS-directed drug delivery by affecting such pumps and enzymes. Alternatively, they can be optimized to affect their size, shape, and protein and lipid coatings to facilitate drug uptake, release, and ingress across the barrier. Improved drug delivery to the CNS would affect pharmacokinetic and drug biodistribution properties. This review focuses on how nanotechnology can serve to improve the delivery of antiretroviral medicines, termed NanoART, across the BBB and affect the biodistribution and clinical benefit for NeuroAIDS.
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15
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Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Truong NP, Wilson P, Kempe K, Burns JA, Davis TP, Haddleton DM. Well-Defined PDMAEA Stars via Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Paul Wilson
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - James A. Burns
- Formulation Technology Group, Jealotts Hill international Research
Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
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Chun JY, Weiss J, Gibis M, Choi MJ, Hong GP. Change of Multiple-Layered Phospholipid Vesicles Produced by Electrostatic Deposition of Polymers during Storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2016-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, 1 wt% lecithin (–), chitosan (+), and λ-carrageenan (–) were prepared to manufacture multiple-layered liposomes with optimal formulations developed in a previous study by using layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition. We observed their particle size, ζ-potential, sedimentation behavior, and microstructure for 6 weeks. Multiple-layered liposomes were quenched with calcein to evaluate stability in terms of factors such as encapsulation efficiency and released amount of calcein. The particle size of multi-layered liposomes increased with storage periods and the ζ-potential of multiple-layered liposomes gained a neutral charge. Interestingly, negatively charged layered liposomes were smaller than positively charged layered liposomes and showed a lower polydispersity index. Moreover, the ζ-potential did not apparently change compared to positively charged layered liposomes. For the calcein release study, multiple-layered liposomes significantly sustained quenched calcein more than that observed using non-layered liposomes. This study showed that it was possible to increase the thickness of the liposome surface and to manipulate its charge using chitosan and λ-carrageenan through electrostatic deposition. Results showed that manufacturing negatively charged multiple-layer (over 4-layer) liposomes with charged biopolymer improved the physicochemical stability of liposomes.
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Van Overstraeten-Schlögel N, Ho-Shim Y, Tevel V, Bontems S, Dubois P, Raes M. Transfection of immortalized keratinocytes by low toxic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-based polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 23:739-61. [PMID: 21396176 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x559430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin carcinoma are among the most spread diagnosed tumours in the world. In this study, we investigated the transfection of immortalized keratinocytes, used as an in vitro model for skin carcinoma, using antisense technology and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-based polymers, with original architecture and functionalities. We tested PDMAEMA polymers with different structures: linear, with two (DEA-PDMAEMA) or three (TEA-PDMAEMA) arms. The cytotoxicity of these polymers was assessed over a wide range of apparent M n (from 7600 to 64 600). At a N/P ratio of 7.38, cytotoxicity increases with the M n. Keratinocytes were transfected with a fluorescent oligonucleotide and then analyzed by flow cytometry. For the three architectures tested, the percentage of transfected cells and abundance of internalized oligonucleotide were closely related to the M n of the polymer. Confocal microscopy and FACS analyses showed a wide spread fine granular distribution of the oligonucleotide up to 3 days post-transfection. Then, we assessed the silencing efficiency of the polymers, targeting GFP in GFP expressing keratinocytes. The maximal silencing effect (±40%) was obtained using a DEA-PDMAEMA polymer (M n = 30 300). These results suggest that PDMAEMA-based polymers can be efficiently used to transfect immortalized keratinocytes and, thus, open new perspectives in the therapy of skin carcinoma.
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Hollins AJ, Benboubetra M, Omidi Y, Zinselmeyer BH, Schatzlein AG, Uchegbu IF, Akhtar S. Evaluation of generation 2 and 3 poly(propylenimine) dendrimers for the potential cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Pharm Res 2016; 21:458-66. [PMID: 15070097 DOI: 10.1023/b:pham.0000019300.04836.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate low generation, G2 and G3, poly(propylenimine) dendrimers for the potential cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. METHODS Cell cytotoxicity of the dendrimers was evaluated using trypan blue exclusion assays. Cellular uptake studies of fluorescently labeled ODNs were performed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Intracellular fate of dendrimer-delivered ODNs was assessed in both fixed and live cells using fluorescent microscopy. Antisense ODN activity was assessed in terms of cancer cell growth, inhibition of target EGFR protein, and reduction in mRNA levels. RESULTS G2 dendrimer (DAB-8) was less toxic than G3 (DAB-16) dendrimer in A431 cells, with IC50 of >175 and approximately 30 microg/ml, respectively. Uptake of fluorescently labeled ODN:dendrimer complexes was increased by up to 100-fold compared to a marker of fluid-phase endocytosis and up to 9-fold over free ODN at the optimal dendrimer:ODN (w/w) ratio of 5:1. Uptake of dendrimer:ODN complexes was significantly reduced at 4 degrees C (p < 0.05). Live cell fluorescent microscopy resulted in an intracellular distribution of dendrimer:ODN complexes that was suggestive of endocytic uptake; in contrast, cell fixation resulted in an artefactual nuclear localization. Treatment of A431 cells with anti-EGFR antisense ODN:dendrimer complexes inhibited cell growth, protein, and mRNA expression to levels comparable to Oligofectamine-mediated delivery. CONCLUSIONS G2 and G3 poly(propylenimine) dendrimers markedly improved the delivery and activity of ODNs and thus may represent general reagents for the delivery of ODNs to cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hollins
- Centre for Genome-based Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, Wales, UK
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Cheng X, Lee RJ. The role of helper lipids in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) designed for oligonucleotide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:129-137. [PMID: 26900977 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promise as delivery vehicles for therapeutic oligonucleotides, including antisense oligos (ONs), siRNA, and microRNA mimics and inhibitors. In addition to a cationic lipid, LNPs are typically composed of helper lipids that contribute to their stability and delivery efficiency. Helper lipids with cone-shape geometry favoring the formation hexagonal II phase, such as dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), can promote endosomal release of ONs. Meanwhile, cylindrical-shaped lipid phosphatidylcholine can provide greater bilayer stability, which is important for in vivo application of LNPs. Cholesterol is often included as a helper that improves intracellular delivery as well as LNP stability in vivo. Inclusion of a PEGylating lipid can enhance LNP colloidal stability in vitro and circulation time in vivo but may reduce uptake and inhibit endosomal release at the cellular level. This problem can be addressed by choosing reversible PEGylation in which the PEG moiety is gradually released in blood circulation. pH-sensitive anionic helper lipids, such as fatty acids and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), can trigger low-pH-induced changes in LNP surface charge and destabilization that can facilitate endosomal release of ONs. Generally speaking, there is no correlation between LNP activity in vitro and in vivo because of differences in factors limiting the efficiency of delivery. Designing LNPs requires the striking of a proper balance between the need for particle stability, long systemic circulation time, and the need for LNP destabilization inside the target cell to release the oligonucleotide cargo, which requires the proper selection of both the cationic and helper lipids. Customized design and empirical optimization is needed for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Cheng
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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20
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Inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in vivo and in vitro for retroviral vector-based antisense oligonucleotide therapy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:36-42. [PMID: 26742579 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase is absent in most normal tissues, but is abnormally activated in all major cancer cells. Telomerase enables tumor cells to maintain telomere length, allowing indefinite replicative capacity. Albeit not sufficient in itself to induce neoplasia, telomerase is believed to be necessary for cancer cells to grow without limit. Studies using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) to the RNA component of telomerase or human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) demonstrate that telomerase in human tumor lines can be blocked in vivo. Inhibition of hTERT led to telomere shortening and cancer cell death, validating telomerase as a target for anticancer genetic therapy. Varieties of approaches for hTERT inhibition have been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological activity of ASODN to the hTERT mediated by retrovirus vector, which was used as therapy for ovarian tumor. We constructed and characterized a recombinant retrovirus vector with full-length hTERT antisense complementary DNA. The vector was introduced into ES-2 by lipofectamine-mediated gene transfection. The cellular proliferation and telomerase activity of the transformant cells were retarded. The hTERT gene expression and the telomerase activity of the transformant cells were both decreased. The transformant cells show partial reversion of the malignant phenotype. PT67 cells were also transfected with the recombinant vector and virus-producer cells were generated. The retrovirus-containing supernatant effectively inhibited the growth of human ovarian tumor xenografts in mouse models (subcutaneous tumor model), and enhanced the mouse survival time.
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21
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Urbanska AM, Karagiannis ED, Au AS, Dai SY, Mozafari M, Prakash S. What's Next for Gastrointestinal Disorders: No Needles? J Control Release 2015; 221:48-61. [PMID: 26646543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A myriad of pathologies affect the gastrointestinal tract, citing this affected area as a significant target for therapeutic intervention. One group of therapeutic agents, antisense and oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, offer a promising platform for treating a wide variety of diseases ranging from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Current delivery methods are carried out either systemically or locally into diseased areas, both of which involve needles. The challenge in orally administering this type of treatment lies in the complications that arise due to the vast environmental extremes found within the gastrointestinal tract, owing to the fact that, as the drug travels down the gastrointestinal tract, it is subjected to pH changes and interactions with bacteria and a variety of digestive and protective enzymes including proteases, DNAses, and RNAses. Overcoming these challenges to allow the practical application of these drugs is a priority that has invoked a multitude of research in the chemical, biological, and material sciences. In this review, we will address common gastrointestinal pathologies, the barriers to oral-based therapies and antisense-interfering technologies, the approaches that have already been applied for their delivery, and the current status of antisense drug therapy clinical trials for gastrointestinal-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanouil D Karagiannis
- Synthetic Neurobiology Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew S Au
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032-3802, USA
| | - Si Yuan Dai
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhan B, Shi K, Dong Z, Lv W, Zhao S, Han X, Wang H, Liu H. Coarse-Grained Simulation of Polycation/DNA-Like Complexes: Role of Neutral Block. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2834-44. [PMID: 26076229 DOI: 10.1021/mp500861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Complexes formed by polycations and DNA are of great research interest because of their prospective application in gene therapy. Whereas the applications of multiblock based polycation generally exhibit promising features, a thorough understanding on the effect of neutral block incorporated in polycation is still lacking. By using coarse-grained dynamics simulation with the help of a simple model for solvent mediated interaction, we perform a theoretical study on the physicochemical properties of various polyplexes composed of a single DNA-like polyanion chain and numbers of linear polycationic chains with different modifications. By analyzing various properties, we find the hydrophobic/hydrophilic modifications of linear polycations may bring an improvement on one aspect of the properties as gene carrier but also involve a trade-off with another one. In particular, polycation with a hydrophobic middle block and a hydrophilic tail block display distinct advantages among di- and triblock linear polycations as gene carrier, while careful design of the hydrophobic block should be made to reduce the zeta potential. The simulation results are compared with available experimental data displaying good agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicai Zhan
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaihang Shi
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhexi Dong
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | - Shuangliang Zhao
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | | | - Honglai Liu
- †State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Won YW, Bull DA, Kim SW. Functional polymers of gene delivery for treatment of myocardial infarct. J Control Release 2014; 195:110-9. [PMID: 25076177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is rapidly growing as the common cause of death in the world. It is a disease that occurs as a result of coronary artery stenosis and is caused by the lack of oxygen within cardiac muscles due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. The conventional medical therapy is focused on the use of drug eluting stents, coronary-artery bypass graft surgery and anti-thrombosis. Gene therapy provides great opportunities for treatment of cardiovascular disease. In order for gene therapy to be successful, the development of proper gene delivery systems and hypoxia-regulated gene expression vectors is the most important factors. Several non-viral gene transfer methods have been developed to overcome the safety problems of viral transduction. Some of which include plasmids that regulate gene expression that is controlled by environment specific promoters in the transcriptional or the translational level. This review explores polymeric gene carriers that target the myocardium and hypoxia-inducible vectors, which regulate gene expression in response to hypoxia, and their application in animal myocardial infarction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Won
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David A Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Restani RB, Conde J, Baptista PV, Cidade MT, Bragança AM, Morgado J, Correia IJ, Aguiar-Ricardo A, Bonifácio VDB. Polyurea dendrimer for efficient cytosolic siRNA delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURE-type dendrimers are a useful gene silencing platform showing efficient cytosolic siRNA delivery with high transfection efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita B. Restani
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Campus de Caparica
| | - João Conde
- CIGMH
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Campus de Caparica
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- CIGMH
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Campus de Caparica
| | - Maria Teresa Cidade
- Departamento de Ciências dos Materiais e Cenimat
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Campus de Caparica
- 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Bragança
- Instituto de Telecomunicações
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Bioengenharia
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center
- University of Beira Interior
- 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Aguiar-Ricardo
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Campus de Caparica
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Kaur M, Rob A, Caton-Williams J, Huang Z. Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids Functionalized with Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium: Roles of the Single-Atom Substitution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1152.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manindar Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Abdur Rob
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | | | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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Lee J, Vogt CE, McBrairty M, Al-Hashimi HM. Influence of dimethylsulfoxide on RNA structure and ligand binding. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9692-8. [PMID: 23987474 DOI: 10.1021/ac402038t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a cosolvent to solubilize hydrophobic compounds in RNA-ligand binding assays. Although it is known that high concentrations of DMSO (>75%) can significantly affect RNA structure and folding energetics, a thorough analysis of how lower concentrations (<10%) of DMSO typically used in binding assays affects RNA structure and ligand binding has not been undertaken. Here, we use NMR and 2-aminopurine fluorescence spectroscopy to examine how DMSO affects the structure, dynamics, and ligand binding properties of two flexible hairpin RNAs: the transactivation response element from HIV-1 and bacterial ribosomal A-site. In both cases, 5-10% DMSO decreased stacking interactions and increased local disorder in noncanonical residues within bulges and loops and resulted in 0.3-4-fold reduction in the measured binding affinities for different small molecules, with the greatest reduction observed for an intercalating compound that binds RNA nonspecifically. Our results suggest that, by competing for hydrophobic interactions, DMSO can have a small but significant effect on RNA structure and ligand binding. These effects should be considered when developing ligand binding assays and high throughput screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Progress in microRNA delivery. J Control Release 2013; 172:962-74. [PMID: 24075926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding endogenous RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by several mechanisms. Activity is primarily through binding to the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNA) resulting in degradation and translation repression. Unlike other small-RNAs, miRNAs do not require perfect base pairing, and thus, can regulate a network of broad, yet specific, genes. Although we have only just begun to gain insights into the full range of biologic functions of miRNA, their involvement in the onset and progression of disease has generated significant interest for therapeutic development. Mounting evidence suggests that miRNA-based therapies, either restoring or repressing miRNAs expression and activity, hold great promise. However, despite the early promise and exciting potential, critical hurdles often involving delivery of miRNA-targeting agents remain to be overcome before transition to clinical applications. Limitations that may be overcome by delivery include, but are not limited to, poor in vivo stability, inappropriate biodistribution, disruption and saturation of endogenous RNA machinery, and untoward side effects. Both viral vectors and nonviral delivery systems can be developed to circumvent these challenges. Viral vectors are efficient delivery agents but toxicity and immunogenicity limit their clinical usage. Herein, we review the recent advances in the mechanisms and strategies of nonviral miRNA delivery systems and provide a perspective on the future of miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Saffari M, Tamaddon AM, Shirazi FH, Oghabian MA, Moghimi HR. Improving cellular uptake and in vivo tumor suppression efficacy of liposomal oligonucleotides by urea as a chemical penetration enhancer. J Gene Med 2013; 15:12-9. [PMID: 23281182 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liposomes are among the most widely used carriers for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (AsODNs) to intracellular targets. Although different strategies have been employed, the question of how to improve liposomal uptake and enhance the release of AsODN into cytoplasm still remains to be answered with respect to the use of a safe, easy and economic method. In the present study, the possibility of enhancing such processes at cellular and animal levels using urea as a penetration enhancer was investigated. METHODS To perform this investigation, a cationic liposome containing an AsODN against protein kinase (PKC)-α was prepared, and the effect of urea on its cellular internalization and the related sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were investigated by flow cytometry and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In in vivo studies, a xenograft lung tumor was established in nude mice by A549 cells and the enhancement effect of urea toward the effects of liposomal AsODN on tumor growth was investigated. RESULTS Cellular studies revealed that urea treatment increases liposomal uptake and the release of AsODN into the cytoplasm by approximately 40%. Sequence-specific inhibition of target gene PKC-α expression was also increased by approximately two-fold by urea at 200-300 nM AsODN. In animal studies, urea significantly decreased the tumor volume (approximately 40%) and increased its doubling time from approximately 13 days to 17 days. CONCLUSIONS Urea, and possibly other membrane fluidizers, could be regarded as penetration enhancers for liposomal AsODN delivery and may improve the therapeutic effect of these gene-therapy vectors at both cellular and animal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saffari
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Stigliano C, Aryal S, de Tullio MD, Nicchia GP, Pascazio G, Svelto M, Decuzzi P. siRNA-chitosan complexes in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the silencing of aquaporin-1 in cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3186-94. [PMID: 23789777 DOI: 10.1021/mp400224u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies document the strong expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in tumor microvessels and correlate this aberrant expression with higher metastatic potential and aggressiveness of the malignancy. Although small animal experiments have shown that the modulation of AQP1 expression can halt angiogenesis and induce tumor regression, effective and safe strategies for the tissue specific inhibition of AQP1 are still missing. Here, small interference RNA-chitosan complexes encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are proposed for the intracellular delivery of siRNA molecules against AQP1. These NPs are coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), to improve stability under physiological conditions, and demonstrate a diameter of 160 nm. The partial neutralization of the negatively charged siRNA molecules with the cationic chitosan enhances the loading by 5-fold, as compared to that of the free siRNA molecules, and allows one to modulate the release kinetics in the pH-dependent manner. At pH = 7.4, mimicking the conditions found in the systemic circulation, only the 40% of siRNA is released at 24 h post incubation; whereas at pH = 5.0, recreating the cell endosomal environment, all siRNA molecules are released in about 3 h. These NPs show no cytotoxicity on HeLa cells up to 72 h of incubation. In the same cells, transfected to overexpress AQP1, a silencing efficiency of 70% is achieved at 24 h post treatment with siRNA-loaded NPs. Confocal microscopy analysis of NP uptake demonstrates that siRNA molecules accumulate perinuclearly and in the nucleus. Given the stability, preferential release behavior, and well-known biocompatibility properties of PLGA nanostructures, these siRNA-loaded NPs hold potential for the efficient and safe in vivo silencing of AQPs via systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Stigliano
- Department of Translational Imaging and Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Phosphorus dendrimers as carriers of siRNA--characterisation of dendriplexes. Molecules 2013; 18:4451-66. [PMID: 23591925 PMCID: PMC6270478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many types of dendrimers used as nanomolecules for gene delivery but there is still an ongoing search for ones that are able to effectively deliver drugs to cells. The possibility of gene silencing using siRNA gives hope for effective treatment of numerous diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate in vitro biophysical properties of dendriplexes formed by siRNA and cationic phosphorus dendrimers of 3rd and 4th generation. First, using the ethidium bromide intercalation method, it was examined whether dendrimers have an ability to form complexes with siRNA. Next, the characterisation of dendriplexes formed at different molar ratios was carried out using biophysical methods. The effects of zeta potential, size and changes of siRNA conformation on the complexation with dendrimers were examined. It was found that both phosphorus dendrimers interacted with siRNA. The zeta potential values of dendriplexes ranged from negative to positive and the hydrodynamic diameter depended on the number of dendrimer molecules in the complex. Furthermore, using circular dichroism spectroscopy it was found that cationic phosphorus dendrimers changed only slightly the shape of siRNA CD spectra, thus they did not induce significant changes in the nucleic acid secondary structure during complex formation.
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Rush AM, Thompson MP, Tatro ET, Gianneschi NC. Nuclease-resistant DNA via high-density packing in polymeric micellar nanoparticle coronas. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1379-87. [PMID: 23379679 PMCID: PMC3608424 DOI: 10.1021/nn305030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a polymeric micellar nanoparticle capable of rendering nucleic acids resistant to nuclease digestion. This approach relies on utilizing DNA as the polar headgroup of a DNA-polymer amphiphile in order to assemble well-defined, discrete nanoparticles. Dense packing of DNA in the micelle corona allows for hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides while prohibiting enzymatic degradation. We demonstrate the preparation, purification, and characterization of the nanoparticles, then describe their resistance to treatment with endo- and exonucleases including snake-venom phosphodiesterase (SVP), a common, general DNA digestion enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Rush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Chun JY, Choi MJ, Min SG, Weiss J. Formation and stability of multiple-layered liposomes by layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition of biopolymers. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yue Y, Wu C. Progress and perspectives in developing polymeric vectors for in vitro gene delivery. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:152-170. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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34
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Polysaccharide gene transfection agents. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4224-32. [PMID: 23022542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery is a promising technique that involves in vitro or in vivo introduction of exogenous genes into cells for experimental and therapeutic purposes. Successful gene delivery depends on the development of effective and safe delivery vectors. Two main delivery systems, viral and non-viral gene carriers, are currently deployed for gene therapy. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on viral approaches, non-viral gene medicines have also emerged as potentially safe and effective for the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Non-viral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene associated with the synthetic gene delivery vector. Polysaccharides compile a large family of heterogenic sequences of monomers with various applications and several advantages as gene delivery agents. This chapter, compiles the recent progress in polysaccharide based gene delivery, it also provides an overview and recent developments of polysaccharide employed for in vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutically important nucleotides, e.g. plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
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Ho EA, Osooly M, Strutt D, Masin D, Yang Y, Yan H, Bally M. Characterization of long-circulating cationic nanoparticle formulations consisting of a two-stage PEGylation step for the delivery of siRNA in a breast cancer tumor model. J Pharm Sci 2012; 102:227-36. [PMID: 23132529 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used widely in liposomal formulations as a strategy to inhibit opsonization by plasma proteins and to prolong liposome plasma circulation time. PEG can be incorporated onto the surface of liposomes either during the spontaneous self-assembling process or inserted after vesicle formation. The advantages of employing the PEG postinsertion method include improved drug encapsulation efficiency and the ability to incorporate PEG conjugates for enhanced cell binding and uptake. In this study, we propose to evaluate a cationic lipid nanoparticle formulation containing two PEGylation steps: pre- and post-siRNA insertion. Our results indicate that formulations consisting of the extra PEG post-insertion step significantly increased siRNA circulation in the plasma by two-folds in comparison with the formulations consisting of only the single PEGylation step. Moreover, this formulation was able to efficiently carry siRNA to the tumor site, increase siRNA stability and significantly downregulate luciferase mRNA expression by >50% when compared with the controls in an intraperitoneal and subcutaneous breast cancer tumor model. Overall, our cationic lipid nanoparticle formulation displayed enhanced plasma circulation, reduced liver accumulation, enhanced tumor targeting, and effective gene knockdown--demonstrating excellent utility for the delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Ho
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada.
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Omidi Y, Barar J, Heidari HR, Ahmadian S, Yazdi HA, Akhtar S. Microarray analysis of the toxicogenomics and the genotoxic potential of a cationic lipid-based gene delivery nanosystem in human alveolar epithelial a549 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 18:369-78. [PMID: 20020904 DOI: 10.1080/15376510801891286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Viral and nonviral vectors have been widely used in gene therapy as delivery reagents for nucleic acids. Toxicity with viral vectors has increasingly led to the search for suitable nonviral vectors, such as cationic lipids/polymers, as potentially safer alternatives. However, little is known about the genomic toxicity of these delivery systems in target cells/tissues. In the current investigation, we report on the toxicogenomics and genotoxicity of cationic lipid Oligofectamine (OF) nanosystems in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. To investigate the nature and the ontology of the gene expression changes in A549 cells upon treatment with OF nanoliposomes, microarray gene expression profiling methodology was utilized. For microarray analysis, cyanine (Cy3/Cy5)-labeled cDNA samples from treated and untreated cells were hybridized on target arrays housing 200 genes. Both OF and OF-DNA lipoplex induced significant gene expression changes belonging to the different genomic ontologies such as cell defense and apoptosis pathways. Flow cytometry analyses revealed induction of apoptosis in A549 cells treated with these nanosystems that is likely due to interactions and/or deterioration of the cell membranes. However, no DNA damage was detected by the Comet assay. These data suggest that cationic nanoliposomes in the absence of direct DNA damage elicit multiple gene expression changes in A549 cells that may compromise the main goals of gene medicine where only therapy-defined gene changes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Centre for Genome-based Therapeutics, Cardiff University, CF 10 3XF, United Kingdom
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37
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Rgs19 regulates mouse palatal fusion by modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in the MEE. Mech Dev 2012; 129:244-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Mishra S, Peddada LY, Devore DI, Roth CM. Poly(alkylene oxide) copolymers for nucleic acid delivery. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1057-66. [PMID: 22260518 PMCID: PMC3361000 DOI: 10.1021/ar200232n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of gene-based therapeutics to the clinic is limited by the ability to deliver physiologically relevant doses of nucleic acids to target tissues safely and effectively. Over the last couple of decades, researchers have successfully employed polymer and lipid based nanoassemblies to deliver nucleic acids for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Results of phase I/II clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy and biosafety of these gene delivery vehicles have been encouraging, which has promoted the design of more efficient and biocompatible systems. Research has focused on designing carriers to achieve biocompatibility, stability in the circulatory system, biodistribution to target the disease site, and intracellular delivery, all of which enhance the resulting therapeutic effect. The family of poly(alkylene oxide) (PAO) polymers includes random, block, and branched structures, among which the ABA type triblocks copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (commercially known as Pluronic) have received the greatest consideration. In this Account, we highlight examples of polycation-PAO conjugates, liposome-PAO formulations, and PAO micelles for nucleic acid delivery. Among the various polymer design considerations, which include molecular weight of polymer, molecular weight of blocks, and length of blocks, the overall hydrophobic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is a critical parameter in defining the behavior of the polymer conjugates for gene delivery. We discuss the effects of varying this parameter in the context of improving gene delivery processes, such as serum stability and association with cell membranes. Other innovative macromolecular modifications discussed in this category include our work to enhance the serum stability and efficiency of lipoplexes using PAO graft copolymers, the development of a PAO gel-based carrier for sustained and stimuli responsive delivery, and the development of biodegradable PAO-based amphiphilic block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Lavanya Y. Peddada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - David I. Devore
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Battlefield Health and Trauma Research Institute, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bld.3611, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6315
| | - Charles M. Roth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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39
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Development of drug delivery systems for the dermal application of therapeutic DNAzymes. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Michanek A, Yanez M, Wacklin H, Hughes A, Nylander T, Sparr E. RNA and DNA association to zwitterionic and charged monolayers at the air-liquid interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9621-9633. [PMID: 22624628 DOI: 10.1021/la204431q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to establish under which conditions short RNA molecules (similar to miRNA) associate with zwitterionic phospholipids and how this differs from the association with cationic surfactants. We study how the base pairing (i.e., single stranded versus double stranded nucleic acids) and the length of the nucleic acid and the charge of the lipid/surfactant monolayer affect the association behavior. For this purpose, we study the adsorption of nucleic acids to monolayers composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or dioctadecyl-dimethyl-ammoniumbromide (DODAB) using the surface film balance, neutron reflectometry, and fluorescence microscopy. The monolayer studies with the surface film balance suggested that short single-stranded ssRNA associates with liquid expanded zwitterionic phospholipid monolayers, whereas less or no association is detected for double-stranded dsRNA and dsDNA. In order to quantify the interaction and to determine the location of the nucleic acid in the lipid/surfactant monolayer we performed neutron reflectometry measurements. It was shown that ssRNA adsorbs to and penetrates the liquid expanded monolayers, whereas there is no penetration of nucleic acids into the liquid condensed monolayer. No adsorption was detected for dsDNA to zwitterionic monolayers. On the basis of these results, we propose that the association is driven by the hydrophobic interactions between the exposed hydrophobic bases of the ssRNA and the hydrocarbon chains of the phospholipids. The addition of ssRNA also influences domain formation in the DPPC monolayer, leading to fractal-like interconnected domains. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the implication for biological processes and new leads for applications in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Michanek
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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41
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Parboosing R, Maguire GEM, Govender P, Kruger HG. Nanotechnology and the treatment of HIV infection. Viruses 2012; 4:488-520. [PMID: 22590683 PMCID: PMC3347320 DOI: 10.3390/v4040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal adherence, toxicity, drug resistance and viral reservoirs make the lifelong treatment of HIV infection challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology may play an important role in addressing these challenges by creating drugs that possess pharmacological advantages arising out of unique phenomena that occur at the “nano” scale. At these dimensions, particles have physicochemical properties that are distinct from those of bulk materials or single molecules or atoms. In this review, basic concepts and terms in nanotechnology are defined, and examples are provided of how nanopharmaceuticals such as nanocrystals, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocarriers, micelles, liposomes and dendrimers have been investigated as potential anti-HIV therapies. Such drugs may, for example, be used to optimize the pharmacological characteristics of known antiretrovirals, deliver anti-HIV nucleic acids into infected cells or achieve targeted delivery of antivirals to the immune system, brain or latent reservoirs. Also, nanopharmaceuticals themselves may possess anti-HIV activity. However several hurdles remain, including toxicity, unwanted biological interactions and the difficulty and cost of large-scale synthesis of nanopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service/University of KwaZulu-Natal, c/o Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, 5th Floor Laboratory Building, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban 4091, South Africa
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +27-31-240-2816; Fax: +27-31-240-2797
| | - Glenn E. M. Maguire
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Varsity Drive, Durban 4001, South Africa; (G.E.M. M.); (H.G.K.)
| | - Patrick Govender
- School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (P.G.)
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Varsity Drive, Durban 4001, South Africa; (G.E.M. M.); (H.G.K.)
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Van Overstraeten-Schlögel N, Shim YH, Tevel V, Piel G, Piette J, Dubois P, Raes M. Assessment of new biocompatible poly(N-(morpholino)ethyl methacrylate)-based copolymers by transfection of immortalized keratinocytes. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:112-22. [PMID: 22239537 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.649219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin carcinomas are among the most commonly diagnosed tumors in the world. In this study, we investigated the transfection of immortalized keratinocytes, used as an in vitro model for skin carcinoma, using the antisense technology and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-based copolymers. In order to improve the transfection efficiency of the classic PDMAEMA polymers, copolymers were synthesized including a poly(N-morpholino)ethylmethacrylate) (PMEMA) moiety for an improved proton-sponge effect, intended to favour the release of the oligonucleotide from the acidic endosome. These copolymers were synthesized either statistically (with alternating PDMAEMA and PMEMA fragments) or in blocks (one PDMAEMA block followed by one PMEMA block). MTT assays were performed using the PDMAEMA-PMEMA copolymers and revealed no significant cytotoxicity of these polymers at an N/P ratio of 7.3. Using fluorescent oligonucleotides and analyzing transfection efficiency by flow cytometry, we noticed no significant differences between the two kinds of copolymers. However copolymers with a higher DMAEMA content and a higher Mn were also those displaying the highest vectorization efficiency. Confocal microscopy showed that these copolymers induced a fine granular distribution of the transfected antisense oligonucleotides inside the cells. We also assessed the functionality of the transfected antisense oligonucleotide by transfecting immortalized GFP expressing keratinocytes with a GFP antisense oligonucleotide using these copolymers. A significant silencing was achieved with a PDMAEMA-PMEMA in block copolymer (Mn=41,000, 89 % PDMAEMA). Together, these results suggest that PDMAEMA-PMEMA copolymers combining low toxicity, vectorization and proton sponge properties, can be efficiently used to transfect immortalized keratinocytes and so open new perspectives in the therapy of skin carcinomas as well as of other skin diseases of genetic or immunological origin.
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43
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Grimpe B. Deoxyribozymes and bioinformatics: complementary tools to investigate axon regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 349:181-200. [PMID: 22190188 PMCID: PMC7087747 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For over 100 years, scientists have tried to understand the mechanisms that lead to the axonal growth seen during development or the lack thereof during regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI). Deoxyribozyme technology as a potential therapeutic to treat SCIs or other insults to the brain, combined with a bioinformatics approach to comprehend the complex protein-protein interactions that occur after such trauma, is the focus of this review. The reader will be provided with information on the selection process of deoxyribozymes and their catalytic sequences, on the mechanism of target digestion, on modifications, on cellular uptake and on therapeutic applications and deoxyribozymes are compared with ribozymes, siRNAs and antisense technology. This gives the reader the necessary knowledge to decide which technology is adequate for the problem at hand and to design a relevant agent. Bioinformatics helps to identify not only key players in the complex processes that occur after SCI but also novel or less-well investigated molecules against which new knockdown agents can be generated. These two tools used synergistically should facilitate the pursuit of a treatment for insults to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grimpe
- Applied Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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44
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Wenska M, Alvira M, Steunenberg P, Stenberg Å, Murtola M, Strömberg R. An activated triple bond linker enables 'click' attachment of peptides to oligonucleotides on solid support. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:9047-59. [PMID: 21795380 PMCID: PMC3203603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A general procedure, based on a new activated alkyne linker, for the preparation of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) on solid support has been developed. With this linker, conjugation is effective at room temperature (RT) in millimolar concentration and submicromolar amounts. This is made possible since the use of a readily attachable activated triple bond linker enhances the Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ('click' reaction). The preferred scheme for conjugate preparation involves sequential conjugation to oligonucleotides on solid support of (i) an H-phosphonate-based aminolinker; (ii) the triple bond donor p-(N-propynoylamino)toluic acid (PATA); and (iii) azido-functionalized peptides. The method gives conversion of oligonucleotide to the POC on solid support, and only involves a single purification step after complete assembly. The synthesis is flexible and can be carried out without the need for specific automated synthesizers since it has been designed to utilize commercially available oligonucleotide and peptide derivatives on solid support or in solution. Methodology for the ready conversion of peptides into 'clickable' azidopeptides with the possibility of selecting either N-terminus or C-terminus connection also adds to the flexibility and usability of the method. Examples of synthesis of POCs include conjugates of oligonucleotides with peptides known to be membrane penetrating and nuclear localization signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wenska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
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45
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Chen YS, Alany RG, Young SA, Green CR, Rupenthal ID. In vitro release characteristics and cellular uptake of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for topical delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Drug Deliv 2011; 18:493-501. [PMID: 21696294 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.589088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AsODNs) is compromised by their poor stability in biological fluids and the inefficient cellular uptake due to their size and negative charge. Since chemical modifications of these molecules have resulted in a number of non-antisense activities, incorporation into particulate delivery systems has offered a promising alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate various poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for AsODN entrapment and delivery. PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The influence of formulation parameters such as PLGA concentration and volume ratio of internal aqueous phase volume (Va1) to organic phase volume (Vo) to external aqueous phase volume (Va2) on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) was investigated using a full factorial study. The particle size increased with increasing PLGA concentrations and volume ratios, with an interaction detectable between the two factors. AsODN entrapment efficiencies ranged between 49.97% and 54.95% with no significant difference between various formulations. By fitting the in vitro release profiles to a dual first order release model it was shown that the AsODN release occurred via two processes: a diffusion controlled process in the early phase (25 to 32% within one day) and a PLGA degradation process in the latter (39 to 70% after 14 days). Cellular uptake studies using primary corneal epithelial cells suggested active transport of nanoparticles via endocytosis. PLGA nanoparticles therefore show potential to successfully entrap AsODNs, transport them into cells and release them over time due to polymer erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Schmidts T, Dobler D, von den Hoff S, Schlupp P, Garn H, Runkel F. Protective effect of drug delivery systems against the enzymatic degradation of dermally applied DNAzyme. Int J Pharm 2011; 410:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Prigodich AE, Alhasan AH, Mirkin CA. Selective enhancement of nucleases by polyvalent DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2120-3. [PMID: 21268581 DOI: 10.1021/ja110833r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that polyvalent DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-Au NPs) selectively enhance ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity while inhibiting most biologically relevant nucleases. This combination of properties is particularly interesting in the context of gene regulation, since high RNase H activity results in rapid mRNA degradation and general nuclease inhibition results in high biological stability. We have investigated the mechanism of selective RNase H activation and found that the high DNA density of DNA-Au NPs is responsible for this unusual behavior. This work adds to our understanding of polyvalent DNA-Au NPs as gene regulation agents and suggests a new model for selectively controlling protein-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Prigodich
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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48
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Le Bihan O, Chèvre R, Mornet S, Garnier B, Pitard B, Lambert O. Probing the in vitro mechanism of action of cationic lipid/DNA lipoplexes at a nanometric scale. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:1595-609. [PMID: 21078679 PMCID: PMC3045597 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic lipids are used for delivering nucleic acids (lipoplexes) into cells for both therapeutic and biological applications. A better understanding of the identified key-steps, including endocytosis, endosomal escape and nuclear delivery is required for further developments to improve their efficacy. Here, we developed a labelling protocol using aminated nanoparticles as markers for plasmid DNA to examine the intracellular route of lipoplexes in cell lines using transmission electron microscopy. Morphological changes of lipoplexes, membrane reorganizations and endosomal membrane ruptures were observed allowing the understanding of the lipoplex mechanism until the endosomal escape mediated by cationic lipids. The study carried out on two cationic lipids, bis(guanidinium)-tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-cholesterol (BGTC) and dioleyl succinyl paramomycin (DOSP), showed two pathways of endosomal escape that could explain their different transfection efficiencies. For BGTC, a partial or complete dissociation of DNA from cationic lipids occurred before endosomal escape while for DOSP, lipoplexes remained visible within ruptured vesicles suggesting a more direct pathway for DNA release and endosome escape. In addition, the formation of new multilamellar lipid assemblies was noted, which could result from the interaction between cationic lipids and cellular compounds. These results provide new insights into DNA transfer pathways and possible implications of cationic lipids in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Bihan
- CBMN UMR-CNRS 5248, Université Bordeaux, ENITAB, IECB, Avenue des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France
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Akhtar S. Cationic nanosystems for the delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid therapeutics: a focus on toxicogenomics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1347-62. [PMID: 20929276 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.518611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD siRNAs may serve as novel nanomedicines for sequence-specific gene silencing in the clinic. However, delivering siRNA to targeted tissue or cells remains a challenge. An appropriate delivery nanosystem such as cationic polymers or liposomes is required for effective gene silencing with siRNA in vivo but the available drug delivery vectors are not all biologically inert. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A combination of highly focused and comprehensive literature searches to identify any relevant reports using Medline (from 1950 to 7 April 2010) through the OVID system. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Using cationic delivery nanosystems as examples, this review article highlights the importance of undertaking toxicogenomics studies - the application of transcription profiling to toxicology - to acquire gene expression signatures of siRNA delivery systems so as to determine and/or predict their impact on gene silencing activity and specificity. Such nanotoxicological information will be important for the optimal selection of siRNA-delivery system combinations in the many proposed clinical applications of RNA interference. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Cationic delivery nanosystems can elicit multiple gene expression changes in cells that may contribute to the 'off-target' effects of siRNAs and/or modulate their pharmacological activity. Thus, selection of delivery systems for siRNA applications should be based on both their delivery enhancing capability and toxicogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Akhtar
- Kuwait University, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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Karskela M, Helkearo M, Virta P, Lönnberg H. Synthesis of oligonucleotide glycoconjugates using sequential click and oximation ligations. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:748-55. [PMID: 20225822 DOI: 10.1021/bc900529g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oligodeoxyribonucleotide glycoconjugates bearing two trivalent glycoclusters have been synthesized by two alternative methods based on solid-supported oximation of aminooxy functionalized oligonucleotides with glycoclusters constructed by click chemistry. In more detail, the trivalent glycoclusters (5 and 6) bearing three sugar pendants were first assembled by treating a 4-[tri-O-propargylpentaerythrityloxy]benzaldehyde scaffold with methyl 6-azido-6-deoxyglycopyranoside under the click reaction conditions. Two phosphoramidite reagents containing a phthaloyl protected aminooxy function, viz., 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidites derived from 3-[3,5-bis(phthalimidoxymethyl)phenoxy]propanol (12) and 5-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-1,2-dideoxy-1-C-(2-phthalimidoxyethyl)-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranose (16), were synthesized and incorporated as branching units in appropriate places of the oligonucleotide chains. On using 12, the phthaloyl protections of the branching unit were removed and two identical glycoclusters were attached via oxime linkage to the 5'-terminus of the support-bound oligonucleotide chain. With branching unit 16, the phosphoramidite coupling and the oximation were carried out alternately, allowing introduction of two dissimilar trivalent glycoclusters close to the 3'-end of the oligonucleotide chain. The products (20, 26) were released and deprotected by ammonolysis and purified by HPLC chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Karskela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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