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Vincent D, Parsopoulou F, Martin L, Gaboriaud C, Demongeot J, Loules G, Fischer S, Cichon S, Germenis AE, Ghannam A, Drouet C. Hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor associated with carboxypeptidase N deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100223. [PMID: 38445235 PMCID: PMC10912455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of subcutaneous or submucosal swelling. HAE with normal C1 inhibitor (HAE-nC1-INH) is an underdiagnosed condition. Although the association with genetic variants has been identified for some families, the genetic causes in many patients with HAE-nC1-INH remain unknown. The role of genes associated with bradykinin catabolism is not fully understood. Objective We sought to investigate the biological parameters and the genes related to kallikrein-kinin system in families with a clinical phenotype of HAE-nC1-INH and presenting with a carboxypeptidase N (CPN) deficiency. Methods This study includes 4 families presenting with HAE-nC1-INH and CPN deficiency. Patients' clinical records were examined, biological parameters of kallikrein-kinin system were measured, and genetics was analyzed by next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Predictive algorithms (Human Splicing Finder, Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant, Polymorphism Phenotyping v2, MutationTaster, and ClinPred) were used to classify variants as affecting splicing, as benign to deleterious, or as disease-causing. Results Patients presented with angioedema and urticaria, mainly on face/lips, but also with abdominal pain or laryngeal symptoms. Affected patients displayed low CPN activity-30% to 50% of median value in plasma. We identified 3 variants of the CPN1 gene encoding the catalytic 55-kDa subunit of CPN: c.533G>A, c.582A>G, and c.734C>T. CPN deficiency associated with genetic variants segregated with HAE-nC1-INH symptoms in affected family members. Conclusions CPN1 gene variants are associated with CPN deficiency and HAE-nC1-INH symptoms in 4 unrelated families. Genetic CPN deficiency may contribute to bradykinin and anaphylatoxin accumulation, with synergistic effects in angioedema and urticarial symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vincent
- Allergy and Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
- Centre de compétence, Centre de Référence des Angioedèmes (CREAK), Nîmes
| | | | - Ludovic Martin
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la peau et des muqueuses d’origine génétique-Nord (MAGEC), filière FIMARAD, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | - Sascha Fischer
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Cichon
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios E. Germenis
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Christian Drouet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75679, Paris, France
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Stachyra A, Wesołowska A. Immunomodulatory in vitro effects of Trichinella cystatin-like protein on mouse splenocytes. Exp Parasitol 2023; 252:108585. [PMID: 37437683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella parasites have developed specific mechanisms allowing successful completion of their life cycle. These mechanisms are in a great part involved in immunomodulation and studying them may provide a valuable insight into the functioning of the immune system. Trichinella products may be also used as potential therapeutic agents to treat immune diseases. This study investigates the immunomodulatory potential of recombinant multi cystatin-like protein (CLP) derived from T. britovi to determine whether CLP has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. CLP is a highly antigenic glycoprotein present in Trichinella excetory-secretory (ES) products. AlphaFold structure prediction confirms that it consists of three type-two cystatin-like domains. Mouse splenocytes were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and co-stimulated with recombinant CLP. The culture supernatants were collected and tested for secreted cytokine levels using ELISA. CLP was found to reduce LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. On the contrary, in some experimental groups, co-stimulation with CLP resulted in increased secretion of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The obtained results indicate that CLP has anti-inflammatory properties and future research on its function is advisable, specifically in the context of the therapy of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stachyra
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wesołowska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warsaw, Poland
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Function and structure of bradykinin receptor 2 for drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:489-498. [PMID: 36075965 PMCID: PMC9453710 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 bradykinin receptor (B2R) is an essential G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates the cardiovascular system as a vasodepressor. Dysfunction of B2R is also closely related to cancers and hereditary angioedema (HAE). Although several B2R agonists and antagonists have been developed, icatibant is the only B2R antagonist clinically used for treating HAE. The recently determined structures of B2R have provided molecular insights into the functions and regulation of B2R, which shed light on structure-based drug design for the treatment of B2R-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of B2R in relation to drug discovery and discuss future research directions to elucidate the remaining unknown functions of B2R dimerization.
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An overview of kinin mediated events in cancer progression and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188807. [PMID: 36167271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are bioactive peptides generated in the inflammatory milieu of the tissue microenvironment, which is involved in cancer progression and inflammatory response. Kinins signals through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors; inducible Bradykinin Receptor B1 (B1R) and constitutive receptor B2 (B2R). Activation of kinin receptors and its cross-talk with receptor tyrosine kinases activates multiple signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, PI3K, PKC, and p38 pathways regulating cancer hallmarks. Perturbations of the kinin-mediated events are implicated in various aspects of cancer invasion, matrix remodeling, and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, kinins initiate fibroblast activation, mesenchymal stem cell interactions, and recruitment of immune cells. Albeit the precise nature of kinin function in the metastasis and tumor microenvironment are not completely clear yet, several kinin receptor antagonists show anti-metastatic potential. Here, we showcase an overview of the complex biology of kinins and their role in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.
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Souza-Silva IM, de Paula CA, Bolais-Ramos L, Santos AK, da Silva FA, de Oliveira VLS, da Rocha ID, Antunes MM, Cordeiro LPB, Teixeira VP, Scalzo Júnior SRA, Raabe AC, Guimaraes PPG, Amaral FA, Resende JM, Fontes MAP, Menezes GB, Guatimosim S, Santos RAS, Verano-Braga T. Peptide fragments of bradykinin show unexpected biological activity not mediated by B 1 or B 2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3061-3077. [PMID: 34978069 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bradykinin (BK-(1-9)) is an endogenous nonapeptide involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. A long-held belief is that peptide fragments of BK-(1-9) are biologically inactive. Here, we have tested the biological activities of BK-(1-9)'s two major peptide fragments in human and animal systems. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Levels of BK peptides in male Wistar rat plasma were quantified by mass spectrometry. NO release was quantified in human, mouse and rat cells, loaded with DAF-FM. We used aortic rings from adult male Wistar rats to test vascular reactivity. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate were measured in conscious adult male Wistar rats. Vascular permeability and nociception were measured in adult mice to evaluate potential pro-inflammatory effects. KEY RESULTS Plasma levels of BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) in rats were increased following infusion of BK-(1-9). Both peptides induced NO production in all cell types tested. However, unlike BK-(1-9), NO production elicited by BK-(1-7) or BK-(1-5) was not inhibited by B1 or B2 receptor antagonists. BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic rings, without involvement B1 or B2 receptors. Intravenous or intra-arterial administration of BK-(1-7) or BK-(1-5) induced similar hypotensive response in vivo. Nociceptive responses of BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) were reduced when compared to BK-(1-9), and no increase of vascular permeability was observed for BK-(1-9) fragments. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-5) are endogenous peptides present in plasma. BK-related peptide fragments show biological activity, not mediated by B1 or B2 receptors. These BK-fragments could constitute new, active components of the kallikrein-kinin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maciel Souza-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Amorim de Paula
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bolais-Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson Kenedy Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Alex da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Pereira Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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A Robust Bioassay of the Human Bradykinin B 2 Receptor that Extends Molecular and Cellular Studies: The Isolated Umbilical Vein. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030177. [PMID: 33668382 PMCID: PMC7996148 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has various physiological and pathological roles. Medicinal chemistry efforts targeted toward the widely expressed BK B2 receptor (B2R), a G-protein-coupled receptor, were primarily aimed at developing antagonists. The only B2R antagonist in clinical use is the peptide icatibant, approved to abort attacks of hereditary angioedema. However, the anti-inflammatory applications of B2R antagonists are potentially wider. Furthermore, the B2R antagonists notoriously exhibit species-specific pharmacological profiles. Classical smooth muscle contractility assays are exploited over a time scale of several hours and support determining potency, competitiveness, residual agonist activity, specificity, and reversibility of pharmacological agents. The contractility assay based on the isolated human umbilical vein, expressing B2R at physiological density, was introduced when investigating the first non-peptide B2R antagonist (WIN 64338). Small ligand molecules characterized using the assay include the exquisitely potent competitive antagonist, Pharvaris Compound 3 or the partial agonist Fujisawa Compound 47a. The umbilical vein assay is also useful to verify pharmacologic properties of special peptide B2R ligands, such as the carboxypeptidase-activated latent agonists and fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the proposed agonist effect of tissue kallikrein on the B2R has been disproved using the vein. This assay stands in between cellular and molecular pharmacology and in vivo studies.
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Marceau F, Bachelard H, Charest-Morin X, Hébert J, Rivard GE. In Vitro Modeling of Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema States. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090201. [PMID: 32824891 PMCID: PMC7559923 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinins (peptides related to bradykinin, BK) are formed from circulating substrates, the kininogens, by the action of two proteases, the kallikreins. The only clinical application of a BK receptor ligand, the B2 receptor antagonist icatibant, is the treatment of the rare hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by the deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). Less common forms of HAE (genetic variants of factor XII, plasminogen, kininogen) are presumably mediated by increased BK formation. Acquired forms of BK-mediated angioedema, such as that associated with angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, are also known. Antibody-based analytical techniques are briefly reviewed, and support that kinins are extremely short-lived, prominently cleared by ACE. Despite evidence of continuous activation of the kallikrein–kinin system in HAE, patients are not symptomatic most of the time and their blood or plasma obtained during remission does not generate excessive immunoreactive BK (iBK), suggesting effective homeostatic mechanisms. HAE-C1-INH and HAE-FXII plasmas are both hyperresponsive to fibrinolysis activation. On another hand, we suggested a role for the alternate tissue kallikrein–kinin system in patients with a plasminogen mutation. The role of the BK B1 receptor is still uncertain in angioedema states. iBK profiles under in vitro stimulation provide fresh insight into the physiopathology of angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Marceau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (H.B.); (X.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hélène Bachelard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (H.B.); (X.C.-M.)
| | - Xavier Charest-Morin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (H.B.); (X.C.-M.)
| | - Jacques Hébert
- Service D’allergie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Georges E. Rivard
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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Marceau F, Bachelard H, Bouthillier J, Fortin JP, Morissette G, Bawolak MT, Charest-Morin X, Gera L. Bradykinin receptors: Agonists, antagonists, expression, signaling, and adaptation to sustained stimulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106305. [PMID: 32106060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin-related peptides, the kinins, are blood-derived peptides that stimulate 2 G protein-coupled receptors, the B1 and B2 receptors (B1R, B2R). The pharmacologic and molecular identities of these 2 receptor subtypes will be succinctly reviewed herein, with emphasis on drug development, receptor expression, signaling, and adaptation to persistent stimulation. Peptide and non-peptide antagonists and fluorescent ligands have been produced for each receptor. The B2R is widely and constitutively expressed in mammalian tissues, whereas the B1R is mostly inducible under the effect of cytokines during infection and immunopathology. The B2R is temporarily desensitized by a cycle of phosphorylation/endocytosis followed by recycling, whereas the nonphosphorylable B1R is relatively resistant to desensitization and translocated to caveolae on activation. Both receptor subtypes, mainly coupled to protein G Gq, phospholipase C and calcium signaling, mediate the vascular aspects of inflammation (vasodilation, edema formation). On this basis, icatibant, a peptide antagonist of the B2R, is approved in the management of hereditary angioedema attacks. This disease is the therapeutic showcase of the kallikrein-kinin system, with an orally bioavailable B2R antagonist under development, as well as other agents that inhibit the kinin forming protease, plasma kallikrein. Other clinical applications are still elusive despite the maturity of the medicinal chemistry efforts applied to kinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Marceau
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Hélène Bachelard
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Bouthillier
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Fortin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Morissette
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Thérèse Bawolak
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Charest-Morin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lajos Gera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zou J, Wang X, Huang L, Liu J, Kong Y, Li S, Lu Q. Kininogen Level in the Cerebrospinal Fluid May Be a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:37. [PMID: 30804871 PMCID: PMC6371036 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Epilepsy is a highly disabling neurological disorder. Brain insult is the most critical cause of epilepsy in adults. This study aimed to find reliable and efficient biomarkers for predicting secondary epilepsy. Materials and methods: The LiCl-pilocarpine (LiCl-Pilo) chronic epilepsy rat model was used, and rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected 5 days after status epilepticus (SE). The CSF was analyzed using the label-free LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Differential expression of proteins was confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. The corresponding protein level in the CSF of patients with encephalitis in the postacute phase was determined using ELISA and compared between patients with and without symptomatic epilepsy after encephalitis during a 2-year follow-up. Results: The proteomics and ELISA results showed that the protein level of kininogen (KNG) was obviously elevated in both CSF and hippocampus, but not in serum, 5 days after the onset of SE in LiCl-Pilo chronic epilepsy model rats. In patients with encephalitis, the protein level of KNG in the CSF in the postacute phase was significantly elevated in patients with a recurrent epileptic seizure during a 2-year follow-up than in patients without a recurrent seizure. Conclusion: KNG in the CSF may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting epileptogenesis in patients with encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Kong
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengtian Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinchi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Angioedema in heart failure patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) or enalapril in the PARADIGM-HF study. Int J Cardiol 2019; 264:118-123. [PMID: 29776559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PARADIGM-HF demonstrated significant clinical benefits for sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor) versus the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) enalapril in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. As inhibition of ACE, and co-inhibition of ACE and neprilysin, may increase the risk of angioedema, this was an adverse event of special interest. METHODS Following sequential enalapril and sacubitril/valsartan run-ins, patients were randomized to twice-daily sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg or enalapril 10 mg. The study design incorporated two wash-out periods (~36 h each) to minimize any potential risk of angioedema due to overlapping ACE and neprilysin inhibition. Suspected cases of angioedema were reported to, and blindly adjudicated by, an independent angioedema adjudication committee (AAC). RESULTS Of the 10,513 patients entering the enalapril run-in, 9419 entered the sacubitril/valsartan run-in and 8432 received double-blind treatment. Overall, 148 suspected angioedema events occurring in 144 patients were reported to AAC, with one event reported during screening period. Of the remaining 147 events, 54 were confirmed as angioedema by AAC. A confirmed event was experienced by 15 (0.14%) and 10 (0.11%) patients, during the enalapril and sacubitril/valsartan run-ins, respectively, and by 10 (0.24%) and 19 (0.45%) patients in the corresponding randomized arms during the double-blind phase. The frequency of confirmed angioedema was higher in black patients. Most events were mild. Only five patients required hospitalization and none required mechanical airway support. CONCLUSION The number of confirmed angioedema events in PARADIGM-HF was low and there was no-marked excess risk of angioedema with sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril.
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11
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Niewiarowska-Sendo A, Kozik A, Guevara-Lora I. Influence of bradykinin B2 receptor and dopamine D2 receptor on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptotic process in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206443. [PMID: 30427893 PMCID: PMC6241119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and is often linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Our earlier study reported the formation of a functional heterodimer between bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R) and dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) that may modulate cell responses, dependent on intracellular signaling. Here, for the first time, we showed a cooperative effect of these receptors on the modulation of processes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Sumanirole, a specific D2R agonist, was shown to diminish the excessive production of reactive oxygen species induced by bradykinin, a proinflammatory B2R-activating peptide. This effect was accompanied by modified activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leading to enhance NO production. In turn, endothelial cell co-stimulation with B2R and D2R agonists inhibited the release of interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 and modulated the expression of apoptosis markers, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and caspase 3/7 activity. All these observations argue that the D2R agonist counteracts the pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects induced through B2R, finally markedly improving endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niewiarowska-Sendo
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Masurier N, Arama DP, El Amri C, Lisowski V. Inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidases: An overview. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:655-683. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Masurier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Dominique P. Arama
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology; Paris France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
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Umgang mit absoluten und relativen Kontraindikationen bei der spezifischen Immuntherapie mit Hymenopterengiften. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-017-1367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Baroso R, Sellier P, Defendi F, Charignon D, Ghannam A, Habib M, Drouet C, Favier B. Kininogen Cleavage Assay: Diagnostic Assistance for Kinin-Mediated Angioedema Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163958. [PMID: 27685806 PMCID: PMC5042432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angioedema without wheals (AE) is a symptom characterised by localised episodes of oedema presumably caused by kinin release from kininogen cleavage. It can result from a hereditary deficiency in C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), but it can present with normal level of C1Inh. These forms are typically difficult to diagnose although enhanced kinin production is suspected or demonstrated in some cases. Objectives We wanted to investigate bradykinin overproduction in all AE condition with normal C1Inh, excluding cases with enhanced kinin catabolism, and to propose this parameter as a disease biomarker. Methods We retrospectively investigated high molecular weight kininogen (HK) cleavage pattern, using gel electrophoresis and immunorevelation. Plasma samples were drawn using the same standardised procedure from blood donors or AE patients with normal C1Inh conditions, normal kinin catabolism, and without prophylaxis. Results Circulating native HK plasma concentrations were similar in the healthy men (interquartile range: 98–175μg/mL, n = 51) and in healthy women (90–176μg/mL, n = 74), while HK cleavage was lower (p<0.001) in men (0–5%) than women (3–9%). Patients exhibited lower native HK concentration (p<10−4; 21–117μg/mL, n = 31 for men; 0–84μg/mL, n = 41 for women) and higher HK cleavage (p<10−4; 10–30% and 14–89%, respectively) than healthy donors. Pathological thresholds were set at: <72μg/mL native HK, >14.4% HK cleavage for men; <38μg/mL; native HK, >33.0% HK cleavage for women, with >98% specificity achieved for all parameters. In plasma from patients undergoing recovery two months after oestrogen/progestin combination withdrawal (n = 13) or two weeks after AE attack (n = 2), HK cleavage was not fully restored, suggesting its use as a post-attack assay. Conclusion As a diagnostic tool, HK cleavage can offer physicians supportive arguments for kinin production in suspected AE cases and improve patient follow-up in clinical trials or prophylactic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Baroso
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pauline Sellier
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- KininX SAS, Grenoble, France
| | - Federica Defendi
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- National Reference Center for Angioedema Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Charignon
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- National Reference Center for Angioedema Grenoble, France
| | - Arije Ghannam
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- KininX SAS, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammed Habib
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Qalam-Antibody, La Tronche, France
| | - Christian Drouet
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- National Reference Center for Angioedema Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Favier
- GREPI EA7408, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Lopes-Ferreira M, Sosa-Rosales I, Bruni FM, Ramos AD, Vieira Portaro FC, Conceição K, Lima C. Analysis of the intersexual variation in Thalassophryne maculosa fish venoms. Toxicon 2016; 115:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Smith PK, Hourihane JO, Lieberman P. Risk multipliers for severe food anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2015; 8:30. [PMID: 26635908 PMCID: PMC4657220 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-015-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life threatening allergic reaction. In most fatal cases of food anaphylaxis, the fatality is not due merely to a simple, linear relationship between the allergen and exposure in a sensitized individual. Compounding factors such as the allergic disease burden—particularly the presence of asthma; comprehension of the potential severity of an event, training in the appropriate use of epinephrine, and emerging metabolic factors should be considered when assessing risk and establishing management strategies. This paper reviews the factors that contribute to the risk of severe anaphylactic events and provides a framework for the ongoing management of patients at risk of severe food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil Lieberman
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee USA
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17
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Luiz AP, Schroeder SD, Rae GA, Calixto JB, Chichorro JG. Contribution and interaction of kinin receptors and dynorphin A in a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 300:189-200. [PMID: 25982562 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Infraorbital nerve constriction (CION) causes hypersensitivity to facial mechanical, heat and cold stimulation in rats and mice and is a reliable model to study trigeminal neuropathic pain. In this model there is evidence that mechanisms operated by kinin B1 and B2 receptors contribute to heat hyperalgesia in both rats and mice. Herein we further explored this issue and assessed the role of kinin receptors in mechanical hyperalgesia after CION. Swiss and C57Bl/6 mice that underwent CION or sham surgery or dynorphin A (1-17) administration were repeatedly submitted to application of either heat stimuli to the snout or mechanical stimuli to the forehead. Treatment of the animals on the fifth day after CION surgery with DALBK (B1 receptor antagonist) or HOE-140 (B2 receptor antagonist), both at 0.01-1μmol/kg (i.p.), effectively reduced CION-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Knockout mice for kinin B1, B2 or B1/B2 receptors did not develop heat or mechanical hyperalgesia in response to CION. Subarachnoid dynorphin A (1-17) delivery (15nmol/5μL) also resulted in orofacial heat hyperalgesia, which was attenuated by post-treatment with DALBK (1 and 3μmol/kg, i.p.), but was not affected by HOE-140. Additionally, treatment with an anti-dynorphin A antiserum (200μg/5μL, s.a.) reduced CION-induced heat hyperalgesia for up to 2h. These results suggest that both kinin B1 and B2 receptors are relevant in orofacial sensory nociceptive changes induced by CION. Furthermore, they also indicate that dynorphin A could stimulate kinin receptors and this effect seems to contribute to the maintenance of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Luiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - S D Schroeder
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - G A Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - J B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Center of Innovation and Pre-clinical Trials, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - J G Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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18
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Poels EM, da Costa Martins PA, van Empel VPM. Adaptive capacity of the right ventricle: why does it fail? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H803-13. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00573.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Only in recent years has the right ventricle (RV) function become appreciated to be equally important to the left ventricle (LV) function to maintain cardiac output. Right ventricular failure is, irrespectively of the etiology, associated with impaired exercise tolerance and poor survival. Since the anatomy and physiology of the RV is distinctly different than that of the LV, its adaptive mechanisms and the pathways involved are different as well. RV hypertrophy is an important mechanism of the RV to preserve cardiac output. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the right ventricle and its response to pathologic situations. We will focus on the adaptive capacity of the right ventricle and the molecular pathways involved, and we will discuss potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella M. Poels
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Vessel Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A. da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Vanessa P. M. van Empel
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Vessel Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Xi X, Li B, Chen T, Kwok HF. A review on bradykinin-related peptides isolated from amphibian skin secretion. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:951-70. [PMID: 25793726 PMCID: PMC4379535 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin secretion has great potential for drug discovery and contributes hundreds of bioactive peptides including bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs). More than 50 BRPs have been reported in the last two decades arising from the skin secretion of amphibian species. They belong to the families Ascaphidae (1 species), Bombinatoridae (3 species), Hylidae (9 speices) and Ranidae (25 species). This paper presents the diversity of structural characteristics of BRPs with N-terminal, C-terminal extension and amino acid substitution. The further comparison of cDNA-encoded prepropeptides between the different species and families demonstrated that there are various forms of kininogen precursors to release BRPs and they constitute important evidence in amphibian evolution. The pharmacological activities of isolated BRPs exhibited unclear structure–function relationships, and therefore the scope for drug discovery and development is limited. However, their diversity shows new insights into biotechnological applications and, as a result, comprehensive and systematic studies of the physiological and pharmacological activities of BRPs from amphibian skin secretion are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Xi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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20
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Kinin release from human kininogen by 10 aspartic proteases produced by pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:60. [PMID: 25879450 PMCID: PMC4357070 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans yeast produces 10 distinct secreted aspartic proteases (Saps), which are some of the most important virulence factors of this pathogenic fungus. One of the suggested roles of Saps is their deregulating effect on various proteolytic cascades that constitute the major homeostatic systems in human hosts, including blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kallikrein-kinin systems. This study compared the characteristics of the action of all 10 Saps on human kininogens, which results in generating proinflammatory bradykinin-related peptides (kinins). Results Recombinant forms of Saps, heterologously overexpressed in Pichia pastoris were applied. Except for Sap7 and Sap10, all Saps effectively cleaved the kininogens, with the highest hydrolytic activity toward the low-molecular-mass form (LK). Sap1–6 and 8 produced a biologically active kinin—Met-Lys-bradykinin—and Sap3 was exceptional in terms of the kinin-releasing yield (>60% LK at pH 5.0 after 24 hours). Des-Arg1-bradykinin was released from LK by Sap9 at a comparably high yield, but this peptide was assumed to be biologically inactive because it was unable to interact with cellular B2-type kinin receptors. However, the collaborative actions of Sap9 and Sap1, −2, −4–6, and −8 on LK rerouted kininogen cleavage toward the high-yield release of the biologically active Met-Lys-bradykinin. Conclusions Our present results, together with the available data on the expression of individual SAP genes in candidal infection models, suggest a biological potential of Saps to produce kinins at the infection foci. The kinin release during candidiasis can involve predominant and complementary contributions of two different Sap3- and Sap9-dependent mechanisms.
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21
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Differential bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor regulation in cell death induced by hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:405-13. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20130313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have demonstrated that the kinin B1 receptor may participate in apoptotic cell death signalling, whereas the B2 receptor may be involved in necrotic cell death during IRI.
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22
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Wong MKS, Takei Y. Lack of plasma kallikrein-kinin system cascade in teleosts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81057. [PMID: 24278376 PMCID: PMC3835742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) consists of two major cascades in mammals: “plasma KKS” consisting of high molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen (KNG), plasma kallikrein (KLKB1), and bradykinin (BK); and “tissue KKS” consisting of low molecular-weight (LMW) KNG, tissue kallikreins (KLKs), and [Lys0]-BK. Some components of the KKS have been identified in the fishes, but systematic analyses have not been performed, thus this study aims to define the KKS components in teleosts and pave a way for future physiological and evolutionary studies. Through a combination of genomics, molecular, and biochemical methods, we showed that the entire plasma KKS cascade is absent in teleosts. Instead of two KNGs as found in mammals, a single molecular weight KNG was found in various teleosts, which is homologous to the mammalian LMW KNG. Results of molecular phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicated that the all current teleost genomes lack KLKB1, and its unique protein structure, four apple domains and one trypsin domain, could not be identified in any genome or nucleotide databases. We identified some KLK-like proteins in teleost genomes by synteny and conserved domain analyses, which could be the orthologs of tetrapod KLKs. A radioimmunoassay system was established to measure the teleost BK and we found that [Arg0]-BK is the major circulating form instead of BK, which supports that the teleost KKS is similar to the mammalian tissue KKS. Coincidently, coelacanths are the earliest vertebrate that possess both HMW KNG and KLKB1, which implies that the plasma KKS could have evolved in the early lobe-finned fish and descended to the tetrapod lineage. The co-evolution of HMW KNG and KLKB1 in lobe-finned fish and early tetrapods may mark the emergence of the plasma KKS and a contact activation system in blood coagulation, while teleosts may have retained a single KKS cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Kwok-Shing Wong
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Lee S, Hess EP, Nestler DM, Bellamkonda Athmaram VR, Bellolio MF, Decker WW, Li JTC, Hagan JB, Manivannan V, Vukov SC, Campbell RL. Antihypertensive medication use is associated with increased organ system involvement and hospitalization in emergency department patients with anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1103-8. [PMID: 23453138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for increased anaphylaxis severity are poorly understood. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been associated with severe anaphylactic reactions in patients with hymenoptera venom allergy. Studies evaluating the association between beta-blockers and severe anaphylaxis have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between antihypertensive medication use and increased anaphylaxis severity. METHODS We included emergency department anaphylaxis patients aged 18 years and older. Markers of severe anaphylaxis were defined as (1) syncope, hypotension, or hypoxia; (2) signs and symptoms involving 3 or more organ systems; and (3) hospitalization. Antihypertensive medications evaluated included beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between antihypertensive medication use and markers of increased anaphylaxis severity. RESULTS Among 302 patients with anaphylaxis, 55 (18%) had syncope, hypoxia, or hypotension, 57 (19%) required hospitalization, and 139 (46%) had 3 or more organ system involvement. After adjusting for age, gender, suspected trigger, and preexisting lung disease, beta-blocker, ACE-inhibitor, diuretic, or antihypertensive medication use in aggregate remained associated with both 3 or more organ system involvement and need for hospital admission. The adjusted associations between antihypertensive medication use in aggregate and 3 or more organ system involvement yielded an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.5-5.2; P=.0008) and with hospitalization an odds ratio of 4.0 (95% CI, 1.9-8.4; P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS In emergency department anaphylaxis patients, antihypertensive medication use is associated with increased organ system involvement and increased odds of hospital admission, independent of age, gender, suspected trigger, or preexisting lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Charignon D, Späth P, Martin L, Drouet C. Icatibant , the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist with target to the interconnected kinin systems. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:2233-47. [PMID: 22970904 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.723692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HOE-140/ Icatibant is a selective, competitive antagonist to bradykinin (BK) against its binding to the kinin B2 receptor. Substitution of five non-proteogeneic amino acid analogues makes icatibant resistant to degradation by metalloproteases of kinin catabolism. Icatibant has clinical applications in inflammatory and vascular leakage conditions caused by an acute (non-controlled) production of kinins and their accumulation at the endothelium B2 receptor. The clinical manifestation of vascular leakage, called angioedema (AE), is characterized by edematous attacks of subcutaneous and submucosal tissues, which can cause painful intestinal consequences, and life-threatening complications if affecting the larynx. Icatibant is registered for the treatment of acute attacks of the hereditary BK-mediated AE, i.e., AE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency. AREAS COVERED This review discusses emerging knowledge on the kinin system: kinin pharmacological properties, biochemical characteristics of the contact phase and kinin catabolism proteases. It underlines the responsibility of the kinins in AE initiation and the potency of icatibant to inhibit AE formation by kinin-receptor interactions. EXPERT OPINION Icatibant antagonist properties protect BK-mediated AE patients against severe attacks, and could be developed for use in inflammatory conditions. More studies are required to confirm whether or not prolonged and frequent applications of icatibant could result in the impairment of the cardioprotective effect of BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Charignon
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, GREPI/AGIM CNRS-UJF FRE 3405 and Centre de Référence des Angioedèmes CREAK, CHU Grenoble POBox 217, F-38043 Grenoble, France
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Guevara-Lora I. Kinin-mediated inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:72-8. [PMID: 22554400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mediatory role of kinins in both acute and chronic inflammation within nervous tissues has been widely described. Bradykinin, the major representative of these bioactive peptides, is one of a few mediators of inflammation that directly stimulates afferent nerves due to the broad expression of specific kinin receptors in cell types in these tissues. Moreover, kinins may be delivered to a site of injury not only after their production at the endothelium surface but also following their local production through the enzymatic degradation of kininogens at the surface of nerve cells. A strong correlation between inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration has been established. The activation of nerve cells, particularly microglia, in response to injury, trauma or infection initiates a number of reactions in the neuronal neighborhood that can lead to cell death after the prolonged action of inflammatory substances. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the effects of kinins on neuronal destruction. In these studies, the overexpression of proteins involved in kinin generation or of kinin receptors has been observed in several neurologic disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis as well as disorders associated with a deficiency in cell communication such as epilepsy. This review is focused on recent findings that provide reliable evidence of the mediatory role of kinins in the inflammatory responses associated with different neurological disorders. A deeper understanding of the role of kinins in neurodegenerative diseases is likely to promote the future development of new therapeutic strategies for the control of these disorders. An example of this could be the prospective use of kinin receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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26
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Liang J, He Y, Ji W. Bradykinin-evoked scratching responses in complete Freund's adjuvant-inflamed skin through activation of B1 receptor. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:318-26. [PMID: 22378823 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, a potent algogen, induces an itch-related behavior in the presence of inflammation. In this study, we tested whether bradykinin (BK) can evoke a similar response and investigated the potential mechanisms involved in this process. Local inflammation was induced by intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the back of the neck, left hind foot or left cheek of male C57BL/6J mice. BK was then injected intradermally into the same area on indicated days. Four days after CFA inflammation, BK treatment evoked scratching responses in a time- and dose-dependent manner. For BK receptor antagonist treatment, inflamed-mice were either given an intraperitoneal injection of B(1) receptor (B(1)R) or B(2) receptor (B(2)R) antagonist 30 min prior to BK administration, or an intradermal co-injection of antagonist and BK into the inflamed area. Our results indicate that B(1)R and B(2)R act in an opposite fashion during this process, as pretreatment with B(1)R antagonist by intraperitoneal injection significantly reduced BK-induced scratching behavior, whereas B(2)R antagonist treatment dramatically increased scratching behavior. Moreover, combined injection of BK and B(2)R antagonist enhanced BK-induced scratching activity in CFA-inflamed mice. In addition, pretreatment or co-injection with B(2)R antagonist dramatically reduced the pain-related licking behavior induced by BK injection. The data suggest that BK-induced scratching responses in CFA-inflamed mouse skin occur via activation of B(1)R. Furthermore, B(1) and B(2) receptors play different roles in modulating BK-induced itch-related behavior in CFA-inflamed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexian Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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27
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Figueroa CD, Ehrenfeld P, Bhoola KD. Kinin receptors as targets for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:299-312. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.662957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Karkowska-Kuleta J, Kedracka-Krok S, Rapala-Kozik M, Kamysz W, Bielinska S, Karafova A, Kozik A. Molecular determinants of the interaction between human high molecular weight kininogen and Candida albicans cell wall: Identification of kininogen-binding proteins on fungal cell wall and mapping the cell wall-binding regions on kininogen molecule. Peptides 2011; 32:2488-96. [PMID: 22074954 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An excessive production of vasoactive and proinflammatory bradykinin-related peptides, the kinins, is often involved in the human host defense against microbial infections. Recent studies have shown that a major fungal pathogen to humans, Candida albicans, can bind the proteinaceous kinin precursor, the high molecular weight kininogen (HK) and trigger the kinin-forming cascade on the cell surface. In this work, we preliminarily characterized a molecular mechanism underlying the HK adhesion to the fungal surface by (i) identification of major kininogen-binding constituents on the candidial cell wall and (ii) mapping the cell wall-binding regions on HK molecule. A major fraction of total fungal kininogen-binding capacity was assigned to β-1,3-glucanase-extractable cell wall proteins (CWP). By adsorption of CWP on HK-coupled agarose gel and mass spectrometric analysis of the eluted material, major putative HK receptors were identified, including Als3 adhesin and three glycolytic enzymes, i.e., enolase 1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and triosephosphate isomerase 1. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against selected parts of HK molecule and synthetic peptides with sequences matching selected HK fragments, we assigned the major fungal cell wall-binding ability to a short stretch of amino acids in the C-terminal part of domain 3 and a large continuous region involving the C-terminal part of domain 5 and N-terminal part of domain 6 (residues 479-564). The latter characteristics of HK binding to C. albicans surface differ from those reported for bacteria and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry G. Webb
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Guevara-Lora I, Labedz A, Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Kozik A. Bradykinin and des-Arg10-kallidin enhance the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to extracellular matrix proteins and endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:67-71. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2011.617854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Biswas K, Peterkin TAN, Bryan MC, Arik L, Lehto SG, Sun H, Hsieh FY, Xu C, Fremeau RT, Allen JR. Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable Phthalazinone Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7232-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200808v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Biswas
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tanya A. N. Peterkin
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Marian C. Bryan
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Leyla Arik
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Sonya G. Lehto
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Feng-Yin Hsieh
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Cen Xu
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert T. Fremeau
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Allen
- Departments of †Chemistry Research and Discovery, ‡Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and §Neuroscience Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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Guevara-Lora I, Majkucinska M, Barbasz A, Faussner A, Kozik A. Kinin generation from exogenous kininogens at the surface of retinoic acid-differentiated human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells after stimulation with interferon-γ. Peptides 2011; 32:1193-200. [PMID: 21549779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin-related peptides, kinins, ubiquitously occur in the nervous system and together with other pro-inflammatory mediators contribute to pathological states of that tissue such as edema and chronic pain. In the current work we characterized the kinin-forming system of neuronal cells obtained by differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32 with retinoic acid. These cells were shown to concentrate exogenous kinin precursors, kininogens, on the surface, release kinins from kininogens and subsequently convert kinins to their des-Arg metabolites. Significantly higher amounts of kinins and des-Arg-kinins were produced after cell stimulation with interferon-γ, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator involved in many neurological disorders. The expression of the major tissue kininogenase (the human kallikrein 1) and the major cell membrane-bound kininase (the carboxypeptidase M) also increased after cell stimulation with interferon-γ, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes in the kinin production and degradation, respectively. Interferon-γ was also able to up-regulate the expression of two known subtypes of kinin receptors. On the protein level, the changes were only observed in the expression of the des-Arg-kinin-specific type 1 receptor which functions in the propagation of the inflammatory state. Taken together, these results suggest a novel way for local kinin and des-Arg-kinin generation in the nervous tissue during pathological states accompanied by interferon-γ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Shintani Y, Aoki H, Nishihara M, Ohno S, Furusho A, Hiromatsu SI, Akashi H, Imaizumi T, Aoyagi S. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Webb JG, Yang X, Crosson CE. Bradykinin activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in human trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Eye Res 2011; 92:495-501. [PMID: 21426904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin stimulation of B(2) kinin receptors has been shown to promote matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP) secretion from trabecular meshwork cells and to increase conventional outflow facility. Because acute secretion of MMPs can be dependent on the activity of extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinases (ERK1/2), experiments were performed to determine bradykinin effects on ERK1/2 in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells and the relationship of these effects to MMP-9 release. Treatment of cells with bradykinin produced a rapid 4-to 6-fold increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Stimulation of ERK1/2 activity peaked within 2 min and then declined to control levels by 60 min. The response maximum occurred with 100nM bradykinin and the estimated EC₅₀ was 0.7nM. Treatment of cells with the B₂ kinin receptor agonist, Tyr⁸- bradykinin, also stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation while the B₁ agonist, Lys- [Des-Arg⁹]- bradykinin had no significant effect. In addition, activation of ERK1/2 by bradykinin or Tyr⁸- bradykinin was blocked by the selective B₂ receptor antagonist, Hoe-140. Inhibition of MAP kinase kinase (MEK) with U0126 also blocked bradykinin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Suppression of protein kinase C activity with the nonselective inhibitor, GF109203X, or by down-regulation with phorbol ester, diminished, but did not eliminate, bradykinin activation of ERK1/2. A similar decrease of ERK1/2 stimulation was observed when Src kinase was inhibited by 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2). Finally, blockade of bradykinin-induced ERK1/2 activation substantially reduced the peptide's action to stimulate MMP-9 release into the extracellular environment. The data demonstrate that bradykinin promotes ERK1/2 activation in human trabecular meshwork cells. The effect is mediated by B₂ kinin receptors, involves two different signaling pathways, and results in increased secretion of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry G Webb
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Huang H, Player MR. Bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for pain. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5383-99. [PMID: 20369879 DOI: 10.1021/jm1000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA
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Kininogens: More than cysteine protease inhibitors and kinin precursors. Biochimie 2010; 92:1568-79. [PMID: 20346387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two kininogens are found in mammalian sera: HK (high molecular weight kininogen) and LK (low molecular weight kininogen) with the exception of the rat which encompasses a third kininogen, T-Kininogen (TK). Kininogens are multifunctional glycosylated molecules related to cystatins (clan IH, family I25). They harbor three cystatin domains but only two of them are tight-binding inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins. HK and LK, but not TK, are precursors of potent peptide hormones, the kinins, which are released proteolytically by tissue and plasma kallikreins. Besides these classical features novel functions of kininogens have been recently discovered; they are described in the second part of this review. HKa, which corresponds to the kinin-free two-chain HK and its isolated domain D5 (kininostatin), possesses angiostatic and pro-apoptotic properties, inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, some HK-derived peptides display potent and broad-spectrum microbicidal properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and thus may offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. Of seminal interest, a kininogen-derived peptide inhibits activation of the contact phase system of coagulation and protects mice with invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection from pulmonary lesions. On the other hand, TK is a biomarker of aging at the end of lifespan of elderly rats. However, although TK has been initially identified as an acute phase reactant, and earlier known as alpha-l-acute phase globulin, the increase of TK in liver and plasma is not known to relate to any inflammatory event during the senescence process.
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Kouyoumdjian M, Nagaoka MR, Loureiro-Silva MR, Borges DR. Portal hypertensive response to kinin. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 81:431-42. [PMID: 19722013 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension is the most common complication of chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis. The increased intrahepatic vascular resistance seen in hepatic disease is due to changes in cellular architecture and active contraction of stellate cells. In this article, we review the historical aspects of the kallikrein-kinin system, the role of bradykinin in the development of disease, and our main findings regarding the role of this nonapeptide in normal and experimental models of hepatic injury using the isolated rat liver perfusion model (mono and bivascular) and isolated liver cells. We demonstrated that: 1) the increase in intrahepatic vascular resistance induced by bradykinin is mediated by B2 receptors, involving sinusoidal endothelial and stellate cells, and is preserved in the presence of inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis; 2) the hepatic arterial hypertensive response to bradykinin is calcium-independent and mediated by eicosanoids; 3) bradykinin does not have vasodilating effect on the pre-constricted perfused rat liver; and, 4) after exertion of its hypertensive effect, bradykinin is degraded by angiotensin converting enzyme. In conclusion, the hypertensive response to BK is mediated by the B2 receptor in normal and pathological situations. The B1 receptor is expressed more strongly in regenerating and cirrhotic livers, and its role is currently under investigation.
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Hamza M, Wang XM, Adam A, Brahim JS, Rowan JS, Carmona GN, Dionne RA. Kinin B1 receptors contributes to acute pain following minor surgery in humans. Mol Pain 2010; 6:12. [PMID: 20152050 PMCID: PMC2834653 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kinins play an important role in regulation of pain and hyperalgesia after tissue injury and inflammation by activating two types of G-protein-coupled receptors, the kinin B1 and B2 receptors. It is generally accepted that the B2 receptor is constitutively expressed, whereas the B1 receptor is induced in response to inflammation. However, little is known about the regulatory effects of kinin receptors on the onset of acute inflammation and inflammatory pain in humans. The present study investigated the changes in gene expression of kinin receptors and the levels of their endogenous ligands at an early time point following tissue injury and their relation to clinical pain, as well as the effect of COX-inhibition on their expression levels. Results Tissue injury resulted in a significant up-regulation in the gene expression of B1 and B2 receptors at 3 hours post-surgery, the onset of acute inflammatory pain. Interestingly, the up-regulation in the gene expression of B1 and B2 receptors was positively correlated to pain intensity only after ketorolac treatment, signifying an interaction between prostaglandins and kinins in the inflammatory pain process. Further, the gene expression of both B1 and B2 receptors were correlated. Following tissue injury, B1 ligands des-Arg9-BK and des-Arg10-KD were significantly lower at the third hour compared to the first 2 hours in both the placebo and the ketorolac treatment groups but did not differ significantly between groups. Tissue injury also resulted in the down-regulation of TRPV1 gene expression at 3 hours post-surgery with no significant effect by ketorolac treatment. Interestingly, the change in gene expression of TRPV1 was correlated to the change in gene expression of B1 receptor but not B2 receptor. Conclusions These results provide evidence at the transcriptional level in a clinical model of tissue injury that up-regulation of kinin receptors are involved in the development of the early phase of inflammation and inflammatory pain. The up-regulation of B1 receptors may contribute to acute inflammatory pain through TRPV1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Hamza
- NINR/NIH, 10 Center drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lortie M, Bark S, Blantz R, Hook V. Detecting low-abundance vasoactive peptides in plasma: progress toward absolute quantitation using nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2009; 394:164-70. [PMID: 19615967 PMCID: PMC2745394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Profiling changes in the concentration of functionally related peptide hormones is critical to understanding the etiology of many diseases and therapies. We present novel data using nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to simultaneously measure a select group of vasoactive peptides (angiotensin, bradykinin, and related hormones) in 50-microl plasma samples, enabling repeated sampling in rodent models. By chromatographically resolving target peptides and using multiple reaction monitoring to enhance MS sensitivity, linear responses down to 10(-17) mol were achieved. Purification of plasma peptides by either methanol precipitation or off-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation enabled the detection of endogenous peptides and revealed approaches for enhancing recovery. As proof of principle, seven vasoactive peptides were profiled before, during, and after acute angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in an anesthetized rat. Of note was an apparent 10-fold increase in vasodilatory bradykinin that reversed after drug infusion but relatively minor changes in angiotensin II levels. Targeted MS analysis used to profile functionally related peptides or other analytes will greatly enhance our ability to define the sequence of events regulating complex and dynamic physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lortie
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, VA San Diego Healthcare System, Biomarker and Diagnotics Discovery Center, Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093-0612, USA.
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Jones WK, Fan GC, Liao S, Zhang JM, Wang Y, Weintraub NL, Kranias EG, Schultz JE, Lorenz J, Ren X. Peripheral nociception associated with surgical incision elicits remote nonischemic cardioprotection via neurogenic activation of protein kinase C signaling. Circulation 2009; 120:S1-9. [PMID: 19752352 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.843938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although remote ischemic stimuli have been shown to elicit cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, there is little known about the effects of nonischemic stimuli. We previously described a remote cardioprotective effect of nonischemic surgical trauma (abdominal incision) called remote preconditioning of trauma (RPCT). In the present study, we elucidate mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a murine model of myocardial infarction to evaluate ischemia/reperfusion injury, and either abdominal surgical incision, or application of topical capsaicin, to elicit cardioprotection. We show that the cardioprotective effect of RPCT is initiated by skin nociception, and requires neurogenic signaling involving spinal nerves and activation of cardiac sensory and sympathetic nerves. Our results demonstrate bradykinin-dependent activation and repression, respectively, of PKCepsilon and PKCdelta in myocardium after RPCT, and we show involvement of the K(ATP) channels in cardioprotection. Finally, we show that topical application of capsaicin, which selectively activates C sensory fibers in the skin, mimics the cardioprotective effect of RPCT against myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Nontraumatic nociceptive preconditioning represents a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection with great potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Keith Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
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Webb JG, Yang X, Crosson CE. Expression of the kallikrein/kinin system in human anterior segment. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89:126-32. [PMID: 19268469 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue kallikrein acts on the substrate, low molecular weight kininogen, to liberate bradykinin in a variety of tissues. Bradykinin stimulation of B(2) kinin receptors has been shown to initiate signaling in trabecular meshwork cells and increase conventional outflow facility. The objective of the present study was to determine if the components for kinin generation and response are expressed in tissues of the human anterior segment. Expression of mRNA encoding tissue kallikrein (KK), low molecular weight kininogen, and B(1) and B(2) kinin receptors was examined in human ciliary smooth muscle (CM), trabecular meshwork (TM) and non-pigmented epithelial (NPE) cells using RT-PCR. Expression of component proteins was also investigated by immunohistochemical analyses performed on parasagittal sections of human anterior segment and TM cells, and by immunoblot. KK mRNA was detected in NPE cells and in cultured CM and TM cells from multiple donors. Each cell type also expressed mRNAs encoding both B(1) and B(2) kinin receptors. Immunohistochemical analysis of KK protein in sectioned anterior segment supported the RT-PCR results. Intense KK immunofluorescence was observed in the epithelial lining of the ciliary body and KK protein was also detected in the ciliary muscle. KK protein expression within the TM was demonstrated by analyses of TM tissue and cultured TM cells. The presence of KK along with B(1) and B(2) receptor proteins was confirmed by immunoblots of cell lysates prepared from CM, NPE or TM cells. Finally, both CM and TM cells were found to possess enzymes for bradykinin inactivation. These data demonstrate that key components for kinin generation and regulation are localized within the human anterior segment. Further, multiple cell types express both B(1) and B(2) kinin receptors and are targets for kinin action. The results support the possibility that kinins produced within the eye may contribute to the regulation of aqueous outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry G Webb
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Effects of combined AT1 receptor antagonist/NEP inhibitor on vascular remodeling and cardiac fibrosis in SHRSP. J Hypertens 2008; 26:322-33. [PMID: 18192847 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f16aaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) with a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor (NEPI) has potent blood pressure (BP) lowering action, but is associated with side-effects. We evaluated the effects of combining an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB, valsartan) and a NEPI (CGS 25354) in comparison with a dual ACEI/NEPI (CGS 30440) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten-week-old SHRSP were treated with valsartan (10 mg/kg per day), valsartan + CGS 25354 (100 mg/kg per day), CGS 25354, CGS 30440 (10 mg/kg per day) or hydralazine (25 mg/kg per day) for 10 weeks. Mesenteric resistance arteries were studied on a pressurized myograph, whereas cardiac effects were assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. BP of SHRSP was lowered by combined valsartan/NEPI and ACEI/NEPI slightly more than valsartan, whereas NEPI was ineffective. Valsartan, valsartan/NEPI and ACEI/NEPI normalized resistance artery relaxation responses to acetylcholine, and significantly decreased media/lumen ratio and collagen deposition. All treatments decreased vascular NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated superoxide production. Valsartan/NEPI and ACEI/NEPI decreased media/lumen ratio of intramyocardial coronary arteries, while valsartan alone had no effect. Valsartan/NEPI and ACEI/NEPI increased vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, and decreased tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 activity and macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSION Combined valsartan/NEPI was almost as effective as a dual ACEI/NEPI in lowering BP and improving vascular remodeling in SHRSP. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic value of combining ARB and NEPI in the treatment of hypertension.
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Líbano-Soares JD, Gomes-Quintana E, Melo HK, Queiroz-Madeira EP, Roubach RG, Lopes AG, Caruso-Neves C. B2 receptor-mediated dual effect of bradykinin on proximal tubule Na+ -ATPase: sequential activation of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cbeta/protein kinase C and Ca2+ -independent phospholipase A2 pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1316-23. [PMID: 18291093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper we showed that bradykinin (BK), interacting with its B2 receptor, inhibits proximal tubule Na+ -ATPase activity but does not change (Na+ +K+)ATPase activity. The aim of this paper was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in B2-mediated modulation of proximal tubule Na+ -ATPase by BK. To abolish B1 receptor-mediated effects, all experiments were carried out in the presence of (Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Leu), des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK (DALBK), a specific antagonist of B1 receptor. A dual effect on the Na+ -ATPase activity through the B2 receptor was found: short incubation times (1-10 min) stimulate the enzyme activity; long incubation times (10-60 min) inhibit it. The stimulatory effect of BK is mediated by activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C beta (PI-PLCbeta)/protein kinase C (PKC); its inhibitory action is mediated by Ca2+ -independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). Prior activation of the PI-PLCbeta/PKC pathway is required to activate the iPLA2-mediated inhibitory phase. These results reveal a new mechanism by which BK can modulate renal sodium excretion: coupling between B2 receptor and activation of membrane-associated iPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Líbano-Soares
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bawolak MT, Touzin K, Moreau ME, Désormeaux A, Adam A, Marceau F. Cardiovascular expression of inflammatory signaling molecules, the kinin B1 receptor and COX2, in the rabbit: Effects of LPS, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 146:157-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Drouet C, Désormeaux A, Robillard J, Ponard D, Bouillet L, Martin L, Kanny G, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Bosson JL, Quesada JL, López-Trascasa M, Adam A. Metallopeptidase activities in hereditary angioedema: effect of androgen prophylaxis on plasma aminopeptidase P. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:429-33. [PMID: 18158172 PMCID: PMC4126900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminopeptidase P (APP) plays an important role in the catabolism of kinins in human plasma, mostly for des-Arg(9)-bradykinin. Impaired degradation of this active bradykinin metabolite was found to be associated with a decreased APP activity in hypertensive patients who experienced angioedema while being treated with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors. The pathophysiology of hereditary angioedema is presently attributed only to a quantitative/qualitative C1 inhibitor (CI-INH) defect with increased bradykinin release. OBJECTIVES In the context of androgen prophylaxis, increased CI-INH function cannot fully explain protection from angioedema attacks alone because of the limited reversion of the CI-INH defects. Therefore we hypothesized that androgen prophylaxis could enhance plasma APP activity. METHODS Patients with hereditary angioedema were investigated for plasma metallopeptidase activities responsible for kinin catabolism (APP, angiotensin I-converting enzyme, and carboxypeptidase N) and for CI-INH function in treated and untreated patients. RESULTS APP activity was asymmetrically distributed in untreated patients (n = 147): the mean value was significantly lower than the value in a reference healthy and unmedicated population (n = 116; P < or = .001). Prophylaxis with androgen induced a significant increase in APP activity (P < or = .001), whereas it did not affect the other metallopeptidase activities. In both patient groups, APP activity showed a significant inverse relationship to disease severity (P < or = .001). CONCLUSION In addition to the effect on circulating CI-INH levels, the increase in APP levels brought on by androgens could contribute to a more effective control of the kinin accumulation considered to be responsible for the symptoms of angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Drouet
- GREPI/CNRS UMR 5525 and Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
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Westermann D, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. New perspective on the tissue kallikrein–kinin system in myocardial infarction: Role of angiogenesis and cardiac regeneration. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Summers CW, Pumphrey RS, Woods CN, McDowell G, Pemberton PW, Arkwright PD. Factors predicting anaphylaxis to peanuts and tree nuts in patients referred to a specialist center. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:632-638.e2. [PMID: 18207562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although acute allergic reactions after ingestion of peanuts and tree nuts are common, fatalities are rare. Other than patients with coexisting asthma, it is currently not possible to predict which patients are most likely to develop severe reactions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine which clinical and laboratory parameters best predict the likelihood of severe allergic reactions. METHODS From 1992 to 2004, we collected detailed information on the clinical severity and allergy test results of 1094 patients with peanut and tree nut allergy attending a regional allergy center. In a subgroup of 122 patients, sera were assayed for activity of enzymes involved in the catabolism of bradykinin. RESULTS Severe pharyngeal edema was 3.8 (2.1-6.9) times more common in patients with severe rhinitis and 2.6 (1.8-3.7) more common after ingestion of tree nuts compared with peanuts. Patients with serum angiotensin-converting enzyme concentrations <37.0 mmol/L had a 9.6 (1.6-57)-fold risk of severe pharyngeal edema. Life-threatening bronchospasm was most likely in patients with severe asthma (relative risk, 6.8 [4.1-11.3]) and less so in patients with milder asthma (2.7 [1.7-4.0]). Altered levels of consciousness were more likely in patients with severe eczema (3.1 [1.1-8.4]). CONCLUSION Severity of coexisting atopic diseases predicted which patients attending a tertiary referral clinic were most likely to develop life-threatening allergic reactions to peanuts and tree nuts. Patients with the lowest serum angiotensin-converting enzyme concentrations were more likely to develop life-threatening pharyngeal edema, suggesting that this complication may be partly mediated by bradykinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Summers
- Department of Immunology, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Adrenomedullary catecholamine, pressor and chronotropic responses to human coagulation β-FXIIa mediated by endogenous kinins. J Hypertens 2008; 26:61-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f190cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moreau ME, Thibault L, Désormeaux A, Chagnon M, Lemieux R, Robillard P, Marceau F, Colman RW, Lepage Y, Rivard GE, Adam A. Generation of kinins during preparation and storage of whole blood?derived platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2007; 47:410-20. [PMID: 17319820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukoreduction of platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) may be associated with hypotension in recipients, and a role for bradykinin (BK)-related peptides has been proposed for this side effect. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The concentration of BK and one of its vasoactive metabolites, des-arginine(9)-BK (des-Arg(9)-BK), was measured in a large number of PCs as a function of leukoreduction and storage duration with specific enzyme immunoassays and complementary techniques. RESULTS On Day 0 of storage, kinins were detected in leukoreduced and unfiltered PCs at a concentration lower than 100 pg per mL. During storage, both kinin levels peaked on Day 5 of storage, with a concentration higher than 1 ng per mL in 22 percent of PCs whether filtered on Day 0 or not. Physicochemical and pharmacologic characterizations of immunoreactive kinins confirm their nature. In vitro activation of the contact system of the corresponding PLT-poor plasma showed that a high kinin concentration on Day 5 of the storage corresponded with a low kinin-forming capacity of plasma. On Day 7, BK was no longer elevated presumably due to its degradation and the depletion of kinin-forming capacity of the plasma in stored PCs. The activities of metallopeptidases that metabolize BK-related peptides in plasma from PCs were at levels similar to those recorded in the plasma of a normal reference population and were unaffected by storage. CONCLUSION Storage of PCs contributes to the hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight kininogen and generation of pharmacologically relevant BK levels that might pose a hazard in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Eve Moreau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Fink E, Bhoola KD, Snyman C, Neth P, Figueroa CD. Cellular expression of plasma prekallikrein in human tissues. Biol Chem 2007; 388:957-63. [PMID: 17696780 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2007.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma prekallikrein (PPK) is synthesised in hepatocytes and secreted into the blood, where it participates in the surface-dependent activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation and inflammation. Recently we demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR that the human PPK gene is transcribed not only in the liver, but also in various non-hepatic human tissues at significant levels. However, up to now no reliable information is available concerning protein synthesis in the corresponding human tissues. Here we demonstrate by immunohistochemical studies that PPK or plasma kallikrein (PK) is localised in cells of different embryologically derived human tissues. In the human nephron, single cells of the distal tubules stained intensely, while the cytoplasm of cells forming proximal tubules and collecting ducts stained uniformly. PPK/PK was localised in hepatic epithelial cells of the liver, in cells of the pancreatic islet of Langerhans, in the interstitial Leydig cells of the testes, in the follicular and thecal granulosa cells of the ovary, and in the parotid gland, oesophagus, skin, respiratory tract, prostate and breast. We conclude that the cellular localisation of PPK/PK in multiple different progenitor-derived cells indicates specific cellular functions of this enzyme, in addition to its known function in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Fink
- Abteilung für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Biochemie, Chirurgische Klinik Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nussbaumstrasse 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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