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Belli M, Cristina M, Calabrese V, Russo M, Granato M, Russo MA, Sansone L. Ultrastructural Changes of Neuroendocrine Pheochromocytoma Cell Line PC-12 Exposed In Vitro to Rotenone. Brain Sci 2024; 14:476. [PMID: 38790454 PMCID: PMC11119447 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotenone is a pesticide used in research for its ability to induce changes similar, in vivo and in vitro, to those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). This includes a selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism through which rotenone modifies structure and function of neurons remains unclear. The PC12 cells closely resemble dopamine terminal neurons. This makes it a preferred model for studying the morphology of central dopamine neurons and predicting neurotoxicity. In this paper, we investigated the effects of 0.5 µM rotenone for 24-48 h on PC12 cell viability and ultrastructure (TEM), trying to identify primary and more evident alterations that can be related to neuronal damages similar to that seen in animal PD models. Cell viability decreased after 24 h rotenone treatment, with a further decrease after 48 h. Ultrastructural changes included vacuolar degeneration, mitochondrial mild swelling, decrease in the number of neuropeptide granules, and the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion. These findings are in agreement with previous research suggesting that rotenone, by inhibiting energy production and increasing ROS generation, is responsible for significant alterations of the ultrastructure and cell death of PC12 cells. Our data confirm the link between rotenone exposure, neuronal damage, and changes in dopamine metabolism, suggesting its role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Belli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.)
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular and Ultrastructural Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mario Cristina
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular and Ultrastructural Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Calabrese
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marta Russo
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marisa Granato
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular and Ultrastructural Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.)
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular and Ultrastructural Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.R.)
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2
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Li H, Zeng F, Huang C, Pu Q, Thomas ER, Chen Y, Li X. The potential role of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14411. [PMID: 37577934 PMCID: PMC10848100 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which can cause progressive deterioration of motor function causing muscle stiffness, tremor, and bradykinesia. In this review, we hope to describe approaches that can improve the life of PD patients through modifications of energy metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS The main pathological features of PD are the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the production of Lewy bodies. Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) leading to the formation of Lewy bodies is closely associated with neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The main causes of PD are said to be mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregation. Presence of abnormal energy metabolism is another cause of PD. Many studies have found significant differences between neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic decompensation, which has become a biological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY In this review, we highlight the relationship between abnormal energy metabolism (Glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and PD. Improvement of key molecules in glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, and amino acid metabolism (e.g., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, and levodopa) might be potentially beneficial in PD. Some of these metabolic indicators may serve well during the diagnosis of PD. In addition, modulation of these metabolic pathways may be a potential target for the treatment and prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Qiqi Pu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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3
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Schmidt S, Stautner C, Vu DT, Heinz A, Regensburger M, Karayel O, Trümbach D, Artati A, Kaltenhäuser S, Nassef MZ, Hembach S, Steinert L, Winner B, Jürgen W, Jastroch M, Luecken MD, Theis FJ, Westmeyer GG, Adamski J, Mann M, Hiller K, Giesert F, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Wurst W. A reversible state of hypometabolism in a human cellular model of sporadic Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7674. [PMID: 37996418 PMCID: PMC10667251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's Disease (sPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one contributing factor, but its role at different stages of disease progression is not fully understood. Here, we showed that neural precursor cells and dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from sPD patients exhibited a hypometabolism. Further analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics identified the citric acid cycle, specifically the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), as bottleneck in sPD metabolism. A follow-up study of the patients approximately 10 years after initial biopsy demonstrated a correlation between OGDHC activity in our cellular model and the disease progression. In addition, the alterations in cellular metabolism observed in our cellular model were restored by interfering with the enhanced SHH signal transduction in sPD. Thus, inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may have potential as neuroprotective therapy during early stages of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Constantin Stautner
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Duc Tung Vu
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaltenhäuser
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina Hembach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Letyfee Steinert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winkler Jürgen
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte D Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Tapias V, González-Andrés P, Peña LF, Barbero A, Núñez L, Villalobos C. Therapeutic Potential of Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1282. [PMID: 37372013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. The key histopathological features of these diseases are the presence of abnormal protein aggregates and the progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in specific brain regions. The exact mechanisms underlying the etiopathogenesis of AD or PD remain unknown, but there is extensive evidence indicating that excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with a depleted antioxidant system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intracellular Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of these neurological disorders. Due to an improvement in life expectancy, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases has significantly increased. However, there is no effective protective treatment or therapy available but rather only very limited palliative treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of preventive strategies and disease-modifying therapies to treat AD/PD. Because dysregulated Ca2+ metabolism drives oxidative damage and neuropathology in these diseases, the identification or development of compounds capable of restoring Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling may provide a neuroprotective avenue for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a set of strategies to control mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling has been reported, including decreased Ca2+ uptake through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs). In this article, we review the modulatory effects of several heterocyclic compounds on Ca2+ homeostasis and trafficking, as well as their ability to regulate compromised mitochondrial function and associated free-radical production during the onset and progression of AD or PD. This comprehensive review also describes the chemical synthesis of the heterocycles and summarizes the clinical trial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paula González-Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura F Peña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Asunción Barbero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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5
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Hemedan AA, Schneider R, Ostaszewski M. Applications of Boolean modeling to study the dynamics of a complex disease and therapeutics responses. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1189723. [PMID: 37325771 PMCID: PMC10267406 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1189723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling has emerged as a critical tool in investigating the complex molecular processes involved in biological systems and diseases. In this study, we apply Boolean modeling to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Our approach is based on the PD-map, a comprehensive molecular interaction diagram that captures the key mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of PD. Using Boolean modeling, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the disease dynamics, identify potential drug targets, and simulate the response to treatments. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in uncovering the intricacies of PD. Our results confirm existing knowledge about the disease and provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, ultimately suggesting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, our approach allows us to parametrize the models based on omics data for further disease stratification. Our study highlights the value of computational modeling in advancing our understanding of complex biological systems and diseases, emphasizing the importance of continued research in this field. Furthermore, our findings have potential implications for the development of novel therapies for PD, which is a pressing public health concern. Overall, this study represents a significant step forward in the application of computational modeling to the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, and underscores the power of interdisciplinary approaches in tackling challenging biomedical problems.
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6
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Yang Y, Li Y, Du X, Liu Z, Zhu C, Mao W, Liu G, Jiang Q. Anti-Aging Effects of Quercetin in Cladocera Simocephalus vetulus Using Proteomics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17609-17619. [PMID: 37251128 PMCID: PMC10210174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in food and traditional herbs. In this study, we evaluated the anti-aging effects of quercetin on Simocephalus vetulus (S. vetulus) by assessing lifespan and growth parameters and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins and crucial pathways associated with quercetin activity using proteomics. The results demonstrated that, at a concentration of 1 mg/L, quercetin significantly prolonged the average and maximal lifespans of S. vetulus and increased the net reproduction rate slightly. The proteomics-based analysis revealed 156 differently expressed proteins, with 84 being significantly upregulated and 72 significantly downregulated. The protein functions were identified as being associated with glycometabolism, energy metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways, and the key enzyme activity and related gene expression, such that of AMPK, supported the importance of these pathways in the anti-aging activity of quercetin. In addition, quercetin was found to regulate the anti-aging-related proteins Lamin A and Klotho directly. Our results increased the understanding of quercetin's anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Freshwater
Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biological Products, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
- School
of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery
Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School
of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of
Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou
Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
- School
of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biological Products, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Weiping Mao
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biological Products, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater
Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
- The
Low Temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish of Jiangsu
Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm
Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater
Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
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7
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Taylor G, Knight D, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Multi-regional alterations in glucose and purine metabolic pathways in the Parkinson's disease dementia brain. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37081022 PMCID: PMC10119289 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, most commonly characterised by motor dysfunction, but also with a high prevalence of cognitive decline in the decades following diagnosis-a condition known as Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Although several metabolic disruptions have been identified in PD, there has yet to be a multi-regional analysis of multiple metabolites conducted in PDD brains. This discovery study attempts to address this gap in knowledge. A semi-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of nine neuropathologically-confirmed PDD cases vs nine controls was performed, looking at nine different brain regions, including the cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, hippocampus, motor cortex, medulla, middle temporal gyrus, pons, substantia nigra and primary visual cortex. Case-control differences were determined by multiple t-tests followed by 10% FDR correction. Of 64 identified analytes, 49 were found to be altered in at least one region of the PDD brain. These included metabolites from several pathways, including glucose and purine metabolism and the TCA cycle, with widespread increases in fructose, inosine and ribose-5-phosphate, as well as decreases in proline, serine and deoxyguanosine. Higher numbers of alterations were observed in PDD brain regions that are affected during earlier α-synuclein Braak stages-with the exception of the cerebellum, which showed an unexpectedly high number of metabolic changes. PDD brains show multi-regional alterations in glucose and purine metabolic pathways that reflect the progression of α-synuclein Braak staging. Unexpectedly, the cerebellum also shows a high number of metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - George Taylor
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Citylabs 1.0 (Third Floor), Nelson Street, Manchester, M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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8
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Chuproski AP, Azevedo EM, Ilkiw J, Miloch J, Lima MMS. Metabolic dysfunctions in the intranigral rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1289-1298. [PMID: 37000202 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In the last years, a growing interest to study the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease like PD has emerged. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of possible changes in metabolic homeostasis due to intranigral rotenone administration, a neurotoxin that damages dopaminergic neurons leading to motor impairments mimicking those that happen in PD. Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: sham (n = 10) or rotenone (n = 10). Sham group received, bilaterally, within the SNpc, 1 µL of vehicle dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) and the experimental group was bilaterally injected with 1 µL of rotenone (12 µg/µL). Twenty-four hours after the stereotaxic surgeries, the animals underwent the open field test followed by subsequent peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collection for biochemical testing. The results showed that rotenone was able to replicate the typical motor behavior impairment seen in the disease, i.e., decrease in locomotion (P = 0.05) and increase in immobility (P = 0.01) with a strong correlation (r = - 0.85; P < 0.0001) between them. In addition, it was demonstrated that this model is able to decrease plasmatic total-cholesterol (P = 0.04) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.007) potentially impacting peripheral metabolism. Hence, it was revealed a potential ability to reproduce relevant metabolic dysfunctions like hyperglycemia which could be explained by acute and systemic mitochondrial rotenone toxicity and SNpc nigral toxicity. Such mechanisms may still be responsible for the potential occurrence of CSF-hyperglycemia (d = 0.7). Since intranigral rotenone is an early phase model of PD, the present results open a new road for studies aiming to investigate metabolic changes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Chuproski
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Zip 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, 19031, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Mayla Azevedo
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Zip 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, 19031, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ilkiw
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Zip 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, 19031, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Miloch
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Zip 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, 19031, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M S Lima
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Zip 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, 19031, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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9
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Probing the E1o-E2o and E1a-E2o Interactions in Binary Subcomplexes of the Human 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase and 2-Oxoadipate Dehydrogenase Complexes by Chemical Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054555. [PMID: 36901986 PMCID: PMC10003691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hOGDHc) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is one of the main regulators of mitochondrial metabolism through NADH and reactive oxygen species levels. Evidence was obtained for formation of a hybrid complex between the hOGDHc and its homologue the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (hOADHc) in the L-lysine metabolic pathway, suggesting a crosstalk between the two distinct pathways. Findings raised fundamental questions about the assembly of hE1a (2-oxoadipate-dependent E1 component) and hE1o (2-oxoglutarate-dependent E1) to the common hE2o core component. Here we report chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CL-MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses to understand assembly in binary subcomplexes. The CL-MS studies revealed the most prominent loci for hE1o-hE2o and hE1a-hE2o interactions and suggested different binding modes. The MD simulation studies led to the following conclusions: (i) The N-terminal regions in E1s are shielded by, but do not interact directly with hE2o. (ii) The hE2o linker region exhibits the highest number of H-bonds with the N-terminus and α/β1 helix of hE1o, yet with the interdomain linker and α/β1 helix of hE1a. (iii) The C-termini are involved in dynamic interactions in complexes, suggesting the presence of at least two conformations in solution.
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10
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McDonald TS, Lerskiatiphanich T, Woodruff TM, McCombe PA, Lee JD. Potential mechanisms to modify impaired glucose metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:26-43. [PMID: 36281012 PMCID: PMC9875350 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221135061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration refers to the selective and progressive loss-of-function and atrophy of neurons, and is present in disorders such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease. Although each disease presents with a unique pattern of neurodegeneration, and subsequent disease phenotype, increasing evidence implicates alterations in energy usage as a shared and core feature in the onset and progression of these disorders. Indeed, disturbances in energy metabolism may contribute to the vulnerability of neurons to apoptosis. In this review we will outline these disturbances in glucose metabolism, and how fatty acids are able to compensate for this impairment in energy production in neurodegenerative disorders. We will also highlight underlying mechanisms that could contribute to these alterations in energy metabolism. A greater understanding of these metabolism-neurodegeneration processes could lead to improved treatment options for neurodegenerative disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S McDonald
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Titaya Lerskiatiphanich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St.
Lucia, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital,
Herston, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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11
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Berry TM, Moustafa AA. A novel treatment strategy to prevent Parkinson's disease: focus on iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:67-76. [PMID: 33535005 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1885403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose that neural damage in Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to dysregulation of iron utilization rather than to high iron levels per se. Iron deposits are associated with neuronal cell death in substantia nigra (SN) resulting in PD where high levels of iron in SNs are due to dysregulation of iron utilization. Cytosolic aconitase (ACO1) upon losing an iron-sulfur cluster becomes iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). Rotenone increases levels of IRP1 and induces PD in rats. An increase in iron leads to inactivation of IRP1. We propose a novel treatment strategy to prevent PD. Specifically in rats given rotenone by subcutaneous injections, iron, from iron carbonyl from which iron is slowly absorbed, given three times a day by gavage will keep iron levels constant in the gut whereby iron levels and iron utilization systematically can be tightly regulated. Rotenone adversely affects complex 1 iron-sulfur proteins. Iron supplementation will increase iron-sulfur cluster formation switching IRP1 to ACO1. With IRP1 levels kept constantly low, iron utilization will systematically be tightly regulated stopping dysregulation of complex 1 and the neural damage done by rotenone preventing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Berry
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Sayehmiri F, Khodagholi F, Pourbadie HG, Naderi N, Aliakbarzadeh F, Hashemi R, Naderi S, Motamedi F. Phosphonate analog of 2-oxoglutarate regulates glutamate-glutamine homeostasis and counteracts amyloid beta induced learning and memory deficits in rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111944. [PMID: 36064157 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alteration is a mainstream concept underlying the cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC) seems to play a dual-edged sword role in cytotoxic insult. Here, using succinyl phosphonate (SP), a specific α-KGDHC inhibitor, we aimed to examine its potential action on AD progression. METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to two separate experiments. First, they were bilaterally microinjected into the dorsal CA1 area by amyloid-beta (Aβ)25-35 for four consecutive days. Seven days after the last injection, they were trained to acquire Morris Water Maze (MWM) task for three successive days when they were treated with SP after each training session. In the second experiment, SP was administered 30 min after the first Aβ microinjection and behavioral tests were performed one week after the last Aβ administration. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and glutamine synthetase (GS), as key enzymes involved in glutamate-glutamine homeostasis and histological assays were evaluated in the hippocampi. RESULTS Our behavioral results indicated that post-training SP treatment enhanced task acquisition but did not change memory performance in Aβ-treated rats. However, administration of SP at the time of Aβ injection precludes the deteriorative effect of Aβ and neuronal injury on both spatial learning and memory performances indicating its preventive action against Aβ pathology at its early stages. Measurement of enzymes activity shows that α-KGDHC activity was reduced in the Aβ treated group, and SP administration restored its activity; also, GDH and GS activities were increased and decreased respectively due to Aβ, and SP reversed the action of Aβ on these enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes that SP possibly a promising therapeutic approach to improve memory impairment in AD, especially in the early phases of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neurobilogy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Aliakbarzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hashemi
- School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Naderi
- School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Tsumagari K, Sato Y, Shimozawa A, Aoyagi H, Okano H, Kuromitsu J. Co-expression network analysis of human tau-transgenic mice reveals protein modules associated with tau-induced pathologies. iScience 2022; 25:104832. [PMID: 35992067 PMCID: PMC9382322 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally accumulated tau protein aggregates are one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to investigate proteomic alteration driven by tau aggregates, we implemented quantitative proteomics to analyze disease model mice expressing human MAPTP301S transgene (hTau-Tg) and quantified more than 9,000 proteins in total. We applied the weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to the datasets and explored protein co-expression modules that were associated with the accumulation of tau aggregates and were preserved in proteomes of AD brains. This led us to identify four modules with functions related to neuroinflammatory responses, mitochondrial energy production processes (including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation), cholesterol biosynthesis, and postsynaptic density. Furthermore, a phosphoproteomics study uncovered phosphorylation sites that were highly correlated with these modules. Our datasets represent resources for understanding the molecular basis of tau-induced neurodegeneration, including AD. Large-scale proteome datasets of tauopathy model mice Protein co-expression network constructed Four co-expression modules associated with tau-induced pathologies Identification of phosphorylation sites correlated with the modules
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14
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Qiao J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhao W, Liu S, Liu M. Neuroprotective effect of Ginsenoside Re against neurotoxin‑induced Parkinson's disease models via induction of Nrf2. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:215. [PMID: 35543148 PMCID: PMC9133950 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the neuroprotective effects of a panel of active components of ginseng and to explore their molecular mechanisms of action in two rotenone (Rot)-induced models of Parkinson's disease: An in vitro model using the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and an in vivo model using Drosophila. Ginsenoside Re (Re) was identified as the most potent inhibitor of Rot-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by Cell Counting kit-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, Rhodamine 123 staining, ATP and cytochrome c release revealed that Re rescue of Rot-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Re alleviated Rot-induced oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) anti-oxidant pathway, and these effects were abolished by RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Nrf2. Re enhanced phosphorylation of components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways, and pharmacological inhibition of these pathways reduced Re-mediated Nrf2 activation and neuroprotection. In the Drosophila model, Immunofluorescence microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide and knockdown analysis revealed that Re reversed Rot-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neuron loss while concomitantly alleviating Rot-induced oxidative damage. The findings of the present study suggest that Re protects neurons against Rot-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage, at least in part, by inducing Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 expression and activation of the dual PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Qiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yuchu Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Wenxue Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
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15
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Emanetci E, Cakir T. A co-expression network based molecular characterization of genes responsive for Braak stages in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1873-1886. [PMID: 35318767 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by six Braak stages. We used transcriptome data from PD patients with Braak stage information to understand underlying molecular mechanisms for the progress of the disease. We created networks of genes with decreased/increased co-expression from control group to Braak 5-6 stages. These networks are significantly associated with PD related mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic signaling among others. Applying Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to the co-expression networks led to more specific modules enriched with neurodegeneration related disease pathways, seizure, abnormality of coordination, and hypotonia. Furthermore, we showed that one of the co-expression networks is clustered into three major communities with dedicated molecular functions: (i) tubulin folding pathway, gap junction related mechanisms, neuronal system (ii) synaptic vesicle, intracellular vesicle, proteasome complex, PD genes (iii) energy metabolism, mitochondrial mechanisms, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, PD genes. The co-expression relations we identified in this study as crucial players in the disease progression cover several known PD-associated genes and genes whose products are known to physically interact with alpha-synuclein protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Emanetci
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, TURKEY
| | - Tunahan Cakir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, TURKEY
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16
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Lee I, Yang NC. Using Taguchi Method to Determine the Optimum Conditions for Synthesizing Parapyruvate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061870. [PMID: 35335234 PMCID: PMC8954423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of parapyruvate is important for the analysis of the content in the pyruvate supplements and the study of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, the pure parapyruvate crystal is not, as yet, commercially available. In this study, we applied the Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array to investigate the optimal conditions for the preparation of the pure parapyruvate by the alkaline treatment of the pyruvic acid and then followed it with the solvent crystallization steps. We were also interested in revealing the major factors that affect the yield for the synthesized pure parapyruvate crystals. In addition, the parapyruvate-inhibited enzyme kinetic of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) was also investigated. We found that the pure parapyruvate could be obtained in combination with an alkaline treatment and two solvent crystallization steps. The main factors affecting the yield of the pure parapyruvate were the concentration of the pyruvic acid (the reactant), the pH of the alkali treatment, the type of solvent used for the crystallization and the volume ratio of solvent used for crystallization. Finally, the optimal conditions could prepare parapyruvate crystals with a high purity of 99.8% and a high yield of 72.8%. In addition, the results demonstrate that parapyruvate is a reversibly competitive inhibitor for KGDHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Nae-Cherng Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022; Fax: +886-4-2324-8175
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17
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Metabolic Features of Brain Function with Relevance to Clinical Features of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030951. [PMID: 35164216 PMCID: PMC8839962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.
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18
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Patassini S, Hooper NM, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Substantively Lowered Levels of Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Several Regions of the Human Brain in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Metabolites 2021; 11:569. [PMID: 34564384 PMCID: PMC8468190 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential trace nutrient required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). It has previously been shown that pantothenic acid is significantly decreased in multiple brain regions in both Alzheimer's disease (ADD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The current investigation aimed to determine whether similar changes are also present in cases of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), another age-related neurodegenerative condition, and whether such perturbations might occur in similar regions in these apparently different diseases. Brain tissue was obtained from nine confirmed cases of PDD and nine controls with a post-mortem delay of 26 h or less. Tissues were acquired from nine regions that show high, moderate, or low levels of neurodegeneration in PDD: the cerebellum, motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, middle temporal gyrus, medulla oblongata, cingulate gyrus, and pons. A targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was used to quantify pantothenic acid in these tissues. Pantothenic acid was significantly decreased in the cerebellum (p = 0.008), substantia nigra (p = 0.02), and medulla (p = 0.008) of PDD cases. These findings mirror the significant decreases in the cerebellum of both ADD and HD cases, as well as the substantia nigra, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of HD cases, and motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of ADD cases. Taken together, these observations indicate a common but regionally selective disruption of pantothenic acid levels across PDD, ADD, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
| | - Stephanie J. Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
| | - Richard D. Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Citylabs 1.0 (Third Floor), Nelson Street, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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19
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Okarmus J, Havelund JF, Ryding M, Schmidt SI, Bogetofte H, Heon-Roberts R, Wade-Martins R, Cowley SA, Ryan BJ, Færgeman NJ, Hyttel P, Meyer M. Identification of bioactive metabolites in human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with PARK2 mutation: Altered mitochondrial and energy metabolism. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1510-1526. [PMID: 34048689 PMCID: PMC8190670 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PARK2 (parkin) mutations cause early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that participates in several cellular functions, including mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the specific metabolomic changes caused by parkin depletion remain unknown. Here, we used isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with and without PARK2 knockout (KO) to investigate the effect of parkin loss of function by comparative metabolomics supplemented with ultrastructural and functional analyses. PARK2 KO neurons displayed increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, perturbed mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP depletion, and dysregulation of glycolysis and carnitine metabolism. These perturbations were combined with increased oxidative stress and a decreased anti-oxidative response. Key findings for PARK2 KO cells were confirmed using patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. Overall, our data describe a unique metabolomic profile associated with parkin dysfunction and show that combining metabolomics with an iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuronal model of PD is a valuable approach to obtain novel insight into the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Matias Ryding
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Sissel I Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Helle Bogetofte
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rachel Heon-Roberts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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20
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Mulica P, Grünewald A, Pereira SL. Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668517. [PMID: 34025580 PMCID: PMC8138625 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Indeed, both pathologies involve instances of hypometabolism of glucose and oxygen in the brain causing mitochondrial dysfunction, energetic failure and oxidative stress. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, which play a key role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism, might contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exploring how the neuro-supportive role of astrocytes may be impaired in the context of these disorders has great therapeutic potential. In the following, we will discuss some of the so far identified features underlining the astrocyte-neuron metabolic crosstalk. Thereby, special focus will be given to the role of mitochondria. Furthermore, we will report on recent advancements concerning iPSC-derived models used to unravel the metabolic contribution of astrocytes to neuronal demise. Finally, we discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes could contribute to inflammatory signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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21
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Nemeria NS, Zhang X, Leandro J, Zhou J, Yang L, Houten SM, Jordan F. Toward an Understanding of the Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Protein-Protein Interactions in 2-Oxoacid Dehydrogenase Complexes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050407. [PMID: 33946784 PMCID: PMC8146983 DOI: 10.3390/life11050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and represents one of the major regulators of mitochondrial metabolism through NADH and reactive oxygen species levels. The OGDHc impacts cell metabolic and cell signaling pathways through the coupling of 2-oxoglutarate metabolism to gene transcription related to tumor cell proliferation and aging. DHTKD1 is a gene encoding 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (E1a), which functions in the L-lysine degradation pathway. The potentially damaging variants in DHTKD1 have been associated to the (neuro) pathogenesis of several diseases. Evidence was obtained for the formation of a hybrid complex between the OGDHc and E1a, suggesting a potential cross talk between the two metabolic pathways and raising fundamental questions about their assembly. Here we reviewed the recent findings and advances in understanding of protein-protein interactions in OGDHc and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (OADHc), an understanding that will create a scaffold to help design approaches to mitigate the effects of diseases associated with dysfunction of the TCA cycle or lysine degradation. A combination of biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches such as chemical cross-linking MS and cryo-EM appears particularly promising to provide vital information for the assembly of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes, their function and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.N.); (X.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.N.); (X.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Joao Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.L.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Luying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.L.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.N.); (X.Z.); (F.J.)
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22
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García-Flores LA, Green CL. Of Mice and Men: Impacts of Calorie Restriction on Metabolomics of the Cerebellum. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:547-551. [PMID: 33560408 PMCID: PMC8427710 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of research in mice is to explore metabolic changes in animal models and then predict or propose potential translational benefits in humans. Although some researchers in the brain research field have mentioned that the mouse experiments results still lack the complex neuroanatomy of humans, caution is required to interpret the findings. In mice, we observed in article seventeenth of the series of the effects of graded levels of calorie restriction, metabolomic changes in the cerebellum indicated activation of hypothalamocerebellar connections driven by hunger responses. Therefore, the purpose of the current perspective is to set this latest paper into a wider context of the physiological, behavioral, and molecular changes seen in these mice and to compare and contrast them with previous human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libia Alejandra García-Flores
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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23
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Nagy B, Polak M, Ozohanics O, Zambo Z, Szabo E, Hubert A, Jordan F, Novaček J, Adam-Vizi V, Ambrus A. Structure of the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) component of the human alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hKGDHc) revealed by cryo-EM and cross-linking mass spectrometry: Implications for the overall hKGDHc structure. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129889. [PMID: 33684457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hKGDHc) converts KG to succinyl-CoA and NADH. Malfunction of and reactive oxygen species generation by the hKGDHc as well as its E1-E2 subcomplex are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, E3-deficiency and cancers. METHODS We performed cryo-EM, cross-linking mass spectrometry (CL-MS) and molecular modeling analyses to determine the structure of the E2 component of the hKGDHc (hE2k); hE2k transfers a succinyl group to CoA and forms the structural core of hKGDHc. We also assessed the overall structure of the hKGDHc by negative-stain EM and modeling. RESULTS We report the 2.9 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the hE2k component. The cryo-EM map comprises density for hE2k residues 151-386 - the entire (inner) core catalytic domain plus a few additional residues -, while residues 1-150 are not observed due to the inherent flexibility of the N-terminal region. The structure of the latter segment was also determined by CL-MS and homology modeling. Negative-stain EM on in vitro assembled hKGDHc and previous data were used to build a putative overall structural model of the hKGDHc. CONCLUSIONS The E2 core of the hKGDHc is composed of 24 hE2k chains organized in octahedral (8 × 3 type) assembly. Each lipoyl domain is oriented towards the core domain of an adjacent chain in the hE2k homotrimer. hE1k and hE3 are most likely tethered at the edges and faces, respectively, of the cubic hE2k assembly. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The revealed structural information will support the future pharmacologically targeting of the hKGDHc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Polak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Zambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Hubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiří Novaček
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Ruan L, McNamara JT, Zhang X, Chang ACC, Zhu J, Dong Y, Sun G, Peterson A, Na CH, Li R. Solid-phase inclusion as a mechanism for regulating unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc7288. [PMID: 32821848 PMCID: PMC7406381 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis declines with age, characterized by the accumulation of unfolded or damaged proteins. Recent studies suggest that proteins constituting pathological inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases also enter and accumulate in mitochondria. How unfolded proteins are managed within mitochondria remains unclear. Here, we found that excessive unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix of yeast cells are consolidated into solid-phase inclusions, which we term deposits of unfolded mitochondrial proteins (DUMP). Formation of DUMP occurs in mitochondria near endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites and is regulated by mitochondrial proteins controlling the production of cytidine 5'-diphosphate-diacylglycerol. DUMP formation is age dependent but accelerated by exogenous unfolded proteins. Many enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were enriched in DUMP. During yeast cell division, DUMP formation is necessary for asymmetric inheritance of damaged mitochondrial proteins between mother and daughter cells. We provide evidence that DUMP-like structures may be induced by excessive unfolded proteins in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Ruan
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joshua T. McNamara
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexander Chih-Chieh Chang
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gordon Sun
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Amy Peterson
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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25
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Garabadu D, Agrawal N, Sharma A, Sharma S. Mitochondrial metabolism: a common link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:642-652. [PMID: 31625975 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have been considered as a growing health concern for decades. Increasing risk of neurodegenerative disorders creates a socioeconomic burden to both patients and care givers. Mitochondria are organelle that are involved in both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. There are few reports on the effect of mitochondrial metabolism on the progress of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, the present review summarizes the potential contribution of mitochondrial metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, there its potential contribution in other neurodegenerative disorders is as yet unproven. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and pyruvate dehydrogenase can modulate mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism to attenuate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Further, it has been observed that the mitochondrial citric acid cycle can regulate the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Additional research should be undertaken to target tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes to minimize the progress of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. It has also been observed that the mitochondrial urea cycle can potentially contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, targeting this pathway may control the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle could be another target to control mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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26
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Dobolyi A, Bago A, Palkovits M, Nemeria NS, Jordan F, Doczi J, Ambrus A, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C. Exclusive neuronal detection of KGDHC-specific subunits in the adult human brain cortex despite pancellular protein lysine succinylation. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:639-667. [PMID: 31982949 PMCID: PMC7046601 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) consists of three different subunits encoded by OGDH (or OGDHL), DLST, and DLD, combined in different stoichiometries. DLD subunit is shared between KGDHC and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, and the glycine cleavage system. Despite KGDHC's implication in neurodegenerative diseases, cell-specific localization of its subunits in the adult human brain has never been investigated. Here, we show that immunoreactivity of all known isoforms of OGDHL, OGDH, and DLST was detected exclusively in neurons of surgical human cortical tissue samples identified by their morphology and visualized by double labeling with fluorescent Nissl, while being absent from glia expressing GFAP, Aldhl1, myelin basic protein, Olig2, or IBA1. In contrast, DLD immunoreactivity was evident in both neurons and glia. Specificity of anti-KGDHC subunits antisera was verified by a decrease in staining of siRNA-treated human cancer cell lines directed against the respective coding gene products; furthermore, immunoreactivity of KGDHC subunits in human fibroblasts co-localized > 99% with mitotracker orange, while western blotting of 63 post-mortem brain samples and purified recombinant proteins afforded further assurance regarding antisera monospecificity. KGDHC subunit immunoreactivity correlated with data from the Human Protein Atlas as well as RNA-Seq data from the Allen Brain Atlas corresponding to genes coding for KGDHC components. Protein lysine succinylation, however, was immunohistochemically evident in all cortical cells; this was unexpected, because this posttranslational modification requires succinyl-CoA, the product of KGDHC. In view of the fact that glia of the human brain cortex lack succinate-CoA ligase, an enzyme producing succinyl-CoA when operating in reverse, protein lysine succinylation in these cells must exclusively rely on propionate and/or ketone body metabolism or some other yet to be discovered pathway encompassing succinyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Attila Bago
- National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, 1145, Hungary
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102-1811, USA
| | - Judit Doczi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
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Gao L, Yuan H, Xu E, Liu J. Toxicology of paraquat and pharmacology of the protective effect of 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin on lung injury caused by paraquat based on metabolomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1790. [PMID: 32019966 PMCID: PMC7000692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a non-selective herbicide and is exceedingly toxic to humans. The mechanism of PQ toxicity is very complex and has not been clearly defined. There is no specific antidote for PQ poisoning. 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HMH) is an intrinsic antioxidant and can protect against renal damage caused by PQ. The mechanism of PQ toxicology and the possible effects of HMH on PQ-induced lung injury were determined in this study. It was found that PQ decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), while HMH elevated SOD activity and decreased the level of MDA. Based on metabolomics, the citrate cycle, glutathione metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and phenylalanine metabolism were changed in the PQ group. Compared with the PQ group, the levels of N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, mesaconic acid, adenosine 5′ monophosphate, methylmalonic acid, cytidine, phosphonoacetic acid, hypotaurine, glutathione (reduced) and cysteinylglycine increased, while the levels of corticosterone, xanthine, citric acid, prostaglandin G2, 4-pyridoxic acid and succinyl proline decreased in the HMH group. These metabolites revealed that HMH can alleviate inflammation caused by PQ and elevate the activity of intrinsic antioxidants. In conclusion, our results revealed PQ toxicology and the pharmacology underlying the protective effect of HMH on lung injury due to PQ. Toxicity caused by PQ results in lipid peroxidation and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), damage to the biliary system, gastrointestinal system and nervous system, in addition to lungs, kidneys, and the liver. HMH is a good antioxidant and protects against lung injury caused by PQ. In summary, HMH efficiently reduced PQ-induced lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China.
| | - Huiya Yuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China
| | - Enyu Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China
| | - Junting Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China
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28
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Gao L, Wang G, Yuan H, Xu E, Liu G, Liu J. Serum metabolomics in mice after paraquat posioning. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Chiaradia E, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Caputo M, Costanzi E, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Avellini L, Emiliani C, Buratta S. Protein carbonylation in dopaminergic cells exposed to rotenone. Toxicol Lett 2019; 309:20-32. [PMID: 30951809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone is an environmental neurotoxin that induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the most common features of Parkinson's disease in animal models. It acts as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that impairs cellular respiration, with consequent increase of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rotenone-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells, focusing particularly on protein oxidation. The identification of specific carbonylated proteins highlighted putative alterations of important cellular processes possibly associated with Parkinson's disease. Carbonylation of ATP synthase and of enzymes acting in pyruvate and glucose metabolism suggested a failure of mechanisms ensuring cellular energy supply. Concomitant oxidation of cytoskeletal proteins and of enzymes involved in the synthesis of neuroactive molecules indicated alterations of the neurotransmission system. Carbonylation of chaperon proteins as well as of proteins acting in the autophagy-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin-proteasome system suggested the possible formation of cytosolic unfolded protein inclusions as result of defective processes assisting recovery/degradation of damaged molecules. In conclusion, this study originally evidences specific protein targets of rotenone-induced oxidative damage, suggesting some possible molecular mechanisms involved in rotenone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Avellini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; CEMIN-Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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30
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Supandi F, van Beek JHGM. Computational prediction of changes in brain metabolic fluxes during Parkinson's disease from mRNA expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203687. [PMID: 30208076 PMCID: PMC6135490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder which affects brain metabolism. Although changes in gene expression during disease are often measured, it is difficult to predict metabolic fluxes from gene expression data. Here we explore the hypothesis that changes in gene expression for enzymes tend to parallel flux changes in biochemical reaction pathways in the brain metabolic network. This hypothesis is the basis of a computational method to predict metabolic flux changes from post-mortem gene expression measurements in Parkinson’s disease (PD) brain. Results We use a network model of central metabolism and optimize the correspondence between relative changes in fluxes and in gene expression. To this end we apply the Least-squares with Equalities and Inequalities algorithm integrated with Flux Balance Analysis (Lsei-FBA). We predict for PD (1) decreases in glycolytic rate and oxygen consumption and an increase in lactate production in brain cortex that correspond with measurements (2) relative flux decreases in ATP synthesis, in the malate-aspartate shuttle and midway in the TCA cycle that are substantially larger than relative changes in glucose uptake in the substantia nigra, dopaminergic neurons and most other brain regions (3) shifts in redox shuttles between cytosol and mitochondria (4) in contrast to Alzheimer’s disease: little activation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway in compensation for decreased alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity (5) in the globus pallidus internus, metabolic fluxes are increased, reflecting increased functional activity. Conclusion Our method predicts metabolic changes from gene expression data that correspond in direction and order of magnitude with presently available experimental observations during Parkinson’s disease, indicating that the hypothesis may be useful for some biochemical pathways. Lsei-FBA generates predictions of flux distributions in neurons and small brain regions for which accurate metabolic flux measurements are not yet possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahaniza Supandi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes H. G. M. van Beek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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SM S, HN S, NA E, AS H. Curative role of pantothenic acid in brain damage of gamma irradiated rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:314-321. [PMID: 30072831 PMCID: PMC6052731 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induced brain damage is associated with impairment of mitochondrial functions, variations in the level of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the level of neurotransmitters since the precursors are supplied by the Kreb's cycle intermediates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pantothenic acid, an essential component in the synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), on the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA; the activity of transaminases, and oxidative stress, in the cerebrum of γ-irradiated rats. Pantothenic acid (26 mg/Kg) was orally administered to the rats, 2 h after irradiation and during the following 5 days. Animals were sacrificed the 7th day post-irradiation. The exposure of male albino rats to γ-rays (5 Gy) has triggered oxidative stress notified by a significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, associated to a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids, and the antioxidant compound glutathione (GSH). The activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH, has significantly decreased, while the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA has significantly increased. In parallel to these changes, the activity of alanine and aspartate transaminase has significantly increased, compared to their values in the control rats. Pantothenic acid treatment, has significantly attenuated oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH; minimized the increase in the level of amino acids and the activity of transaminases, compared to their values in the cerebrum of irradiated rats. In conclusion, pantothenic acid could improve the level of neurotransmitters amino acids, which depends on the enzymatic activities of Krebs cycle and linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedid SM
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Saada HN
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Eltahawy NA
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Hammad AS
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
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32
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Watts ME, Pocock R, Claudianos C. Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:216. [PMID: 29988368 PMCID: PMC6023993 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important in directing brain plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular oxidative state, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of hypoxia, are associated with cellular stress. In the brain however, where drastic metabolic shifts occur to support physiological processes, subsequent changes to cellular oxidative state and induction of transcriptional sensors of oxidative stress likely play a significant role in regulating physiological neuronal function. Understanding the role of metabolism and metabolically-regulated genes in neuronal function will be critical in elucidating how cognitive functions are disrupted in pathological conditions where neuronal metabolism is affected. Here, we discuss known mechanisms regulating neuronal metabolism as well as the role of hypoxia and oxidative stress during normal and disrupted neuronal function. We also summarize recent studies implicating a role for metabolism in regulating neuronal plasticity as an emerging neuroscience paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Watts
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles Claudianos
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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33
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Graham SF, Rey NL, Yilmaz A, Kumar P, Madaj Z, Maddens M, Bahado-Singh RO, Becker K, Schulz E, Meyerdirk LK, Steiner JA, Ma J, Brundin P. Biochemical Profiling of the Brain and Blood Metabolome in a Mouse Model of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2460-2469. [PMID: 29762036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. In the vast majority of cases the origin is not genetic and the cause is not well understood, although progressive accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates appears central to the pathogenesis. Currently, treatments that slow disease progression are lacking, and there are no robust biomarkers that can facilitate the development of such treatments or act as aids in early diagnosis. Therefore, we have defined metabolomic changes in the brain and serum in an animal model of prodromal Parkinson's disease. We biochemically profiled the brain tissue and serum in a mouse model with progressive synucleinopathy propagation in the brain triggered by unilateral injection of preformed α-synuclein fibrils in the olfactory bulb. In total, we accurately identified and quantified 71 metabolites in the brain and 182 in serum using 1H NMR and targeted mass spectrometry, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, we accurately identified which metabolites explain the most variation between cases and controls. Using pathway enrichment analysis, we highlight significantly perturbed biochemical pathways in the brain and correlate these with the progression of the disease. Furthermore, we identified the top six discriminatory metabolites and were able to develop a model capable of identifying animals with the pathology from healthy controls with high accuracy (AUC (95% CI) = 0.861 (0.755-0.968)). Our study highlights the utility of metabolomics in identifying elements of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and for the development of early diagnostic biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart F Graham
- Beaumont Health , 3811 West 13 Mile Road , Royal Oak , Michigan 48073 , United States.,Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine , Rochester , Michigan 48309 , United States
| | - Nolwen L Rey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Beaumont Health , 3811 West 13 Mile Road , Royal Oak , Michigan 48073 , United States
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Beaumont Health , 3811 West 13 Mile Road , Royal Oak , Michigan 48073 , United States
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Michael Maddens
- Beaumont Health , 3811 West 13 Mile Road , Royal Oak , Michigan 48073 , United States.,Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine , Rochester , Michigan 48309 , United States
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Beaumont Health , 3811 West 13 Mile Road , Royal Oak , Michigan 48073 , United States.,Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine , Rochester , Michigan 48309 , United States
| | - Katelyn Becker
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Emily Schulz
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Lindsay K Meyerdirk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Jennifer A Steiner
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Jiyan Ma
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
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Joe EH, Choi DJ, An J, Eun JH, Jou I, Park S. Astrocytes, Microglia, and Parkinson's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:77-87. [PMID: 29731673 PMCID: PMC5934545 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and microglia support well-being and well-function of the brain through diverse functions in both intact and injured brain. For example, astrocytes maintain homeostasis of microenvironment of the brain through up-taking ions and neurotransmitters, and provide growth factors and metabolites for neurons, etc. Microglia keep surveying surroundings, and remove abnormal synapses or respond to injury by isolating injury sites and expressing inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, their loss and/or functional alteration may be directly linked to brain diseases. Since Parkinson's disease (PD)-related genes are expressed in astrocytes and microglia, mutations of these genes may alter the functions of these cells, thereby contributing to disease onset and progression. Here, we review the roles of astrocytes and microglia in intact and injured brain, and discuss how PD genes regulate their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea
| | - Jiawei An
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Eun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea
| | - Sangmyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16944, Korea
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35
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Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience 2018; 376:48-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Nemeria NS, Gerfen G, Nareddy PR, Yang L, Zhang X, Szostak M, Jordan F. The mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes share their E2 and E3 components for their function and both generate reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:136-145. [PMID: 29191460 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein are reported unique properties of the novel human thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (hE1a), known as dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded by the DHTKD1 gene. It is involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate (OA) to glutaryl-CoA on the final degradative pathway of L-lysine and is critical for mitochondrial metabolism. Functionally active recombinant hE1a has been produced according to both kinetic and spectroscopic criteria in our toolbox leading to the following conclusions: (i) The hE1a has recruited the dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (hE2o) and the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (hE3) components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) for its activity. (ii) 2-Oxoglutarate (OG) and 2-oxoadipate (OA) could be oxidized by hE1a, however, hE1a displays an approximately 49-fold preference in catalytic efficiency for OA over OG, indicating that hE1a is specific to the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex. (iii) The hE1a forms the ThDP-enamine radical from OA according to electron paramagnetic resonance detection in the oxidative half reaction, and could produce superoxide and H2O2 from decarboxylation of OA in the forward physiological direction, as also seen with the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase hE1o component. (iv) Once assembled to complex with the same hE2o and hE3 components, the hE1o and hE1a display strikingly different regulation: both succinyl-CoA and glutaryl-CoA significantly reduced the hE1o activity, but not the activity of hE1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461-2304, USA
| | | | - Luying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
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Gaignard P, Liere P, Thérond P, Schumacher M, Slama A, Guennoun R. Role of Sex Hormones on Brain Mitochondrial Function, with Special Reference to Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:406. [PMID: 29270123 PMCID: PMC5725410 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria have a fundamental role in both cellular energy supply and oxidative stress regulation and are target of the effects of sex steroids, particularly the neuroprotective ones. Aging is associated with a decline in the levels of different steroid hormones, and this decrease may underline some neural dysfunctions. Besides, modifications in mitochondrial functions associated with aging processes are also well documented. In this review, we will discuss studies that describe the modifications of brain mitochondrial function and of steroid levels associated with physiological aging and with neurodegenerative diseases. A special emphasis will be placed on describing and discussing our recent findings concerning the concomitant study of mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress) and brain steroid levels in both young (3-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gaignard
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Abdelhamid Slama
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Phillipson OT. Alpha-synuclein, epigenetics, mitochondria, metabolism, calcium traffic, & circadian dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. An integrated strategy for management. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:149-167. [PMID: 28986235 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The motor deficits which characterise the sporadic form of Parkinson's disease arise from age-related loss of a subset of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Although motor symptoms respond to dopamine replacement therapies, the underlying disease process remains. This review details some features of the progressive molecular pathology and proposes deployment of a combination of nutrients: R-lipoic acid, acetyl-l-carnitine, ubiquinol, melatonin (or receptor agonists) and vitamin D3, with the collective potential to slow progression of these features. The main nutrient targets include impaired mitochondria and the associated oxidative/nitrosative stress, calcium stress and impaired gene transcription induced by pathogenic forms of alpha- synuclein. Benefits may be achieved via nutrient influence on epigenetic signaling pathways governing transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defences and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, via regulation of the metabolic energy sensor AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR. Nutrients also benefit expression of the transcription factor for neuronal survival (NR4A2), trophic factors GDNF and BDNF, and age-related calcium signals. In addition a number of non-motor related dysfunctions in circadian control, clock genes and associated metabolic, endocrine and sleep-wake activity are briefly addressed, as are late-stage complications in respect of cognitive decline and osteoporosis. Analysis of the network of nutrient effects reveals how beneficial synergies may counter the accumulation and promote clearance of pathogenic alpha-synuclein.
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de Oliveira MR, de Bittencourt Brasil F, Fürstenau CR. Sulforaphane Promotes Mitochondrial Protection in SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide by an Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4777-4787. [PMID: 28730528 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN; C6H11NOS2) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, kale, and radish. SFN exhibits antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell types. However, it was not previously demonstrated whether and how this natural compound would exert mitochondrial protection experimentally. Therefore, we investigated here the effects of a pretreatment (for 30 min) with SFN at 5 μM on mitochondria obtained from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 300 μM for 24 h. We found that SFN prevented loss of viability in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, SFN decreased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitration in mitochondrial membranes of H2O2-exposed cells. Importantly, SFN enhanced the levels of both cellular and mitochondrial glutathione (GSH). SFN also suppressed the H2O2-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial components involved in the maintenance of the bioenergetics state, such as aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase, as well as complexes I and V. Consequently, SFN prevented the decline induced by H2O2 on the levels of ATP in SH-SY5Y cells. Silencing of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the mitochondrial and cellular protection elicited by SFN. Therefore, SFN abrogated the H2O2-induced mitochondrial impairment by an Nrf2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química/ICET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil.
| | | | - Cristina Ribas Fürstenau
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica (INGEB), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
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Anandhan A, Jacome MS, Lei S, Hernandez-Franco P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R. Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis and Central Carbon Metabolism. Brain Res Bull 2017; 133:12-30. [PMID: 28341600 PMCID: PMC5555796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of protein inclusions (Lewy bodies) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is triggered by genetic alterations, environmental/occupational exposures and aging. However, the exact molecular mechanisms linking these PD risk factors to neuronal dysfunction are still unclear. Alterations in redox homeostasis and bioenergetics (energy failure) are thought to be central components of neurodegeneration that contribute to the impairment of important homeostatic processes in dopaminergic cells such as protein quality control mechanisms, neurotransmitter release/metabolism, axonal transport of vesicles and cell survival. Importantly, both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism. We and others have recently established a link between the alterations in central carbon metabolism induced by PD risk factors, redox homeostasis and bioenergetics and their contribution to the survival/death of dopaminergic cells. In this review, we focus on the link between metabolic dysfunction, energy failure and redox imbalance in PD, making an emphasis in the contribution of central carbon (glucose) metabolism. The evidence summarized here strongly supports the consideration of PD as a disorder of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Maria S Jacome
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States
| | - Shulei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Pablo Hernandez-Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Robert Powers
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States.
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41
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Nemeria NS, Gerfen G, Guevara E, Nareddy PR, Szostak M, Jordan F. The human Krebs cycle 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex creates an additional source of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide from 2-oxoadipate as alternative substrate. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:644-654. [PMID: 28435050 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (hE1o) component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) could produce the reactive oxygen species superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (detected by chemical means) from its substrate 2-oxoglutarate (OG), most likely concurrently with one-electron oxidation by dioxygen of the thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-derived enamine intermediate to a C2α-centered radical (detected by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) [Nemeria et al., 2014 [17]; Ambrus et al. 2015 [18]]. We here report that hE1o can also utilize the next higher homologue of OG, 2-oxoadipate (OA) as a substrate according to multiple criteria in our toolbox: (i) Both E1o-specific and overall complex activities (NADH production) were detected using OA as a substrate; (ii) Two post-decarboxylation intermediates were formed by hE1o from OA, the ThDP-enamine and the C2α-hydroxyalkyl-ThDP, with nearly identical rates for OG and OA; (iii) Both OG and OA could reductively acylate lipoyl domain created from dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (E2o); (iv) Both OG and OA gave α-ketol carboligaton products with glyoxylate, but with opposite chirality; a finding that could be of utility in chiral synthesis; (v) Dioxygen could oxidize the ThDP-derived enamine from both OG and OA, leading to ThDP-enamine radical and generation of superoxide and H2O2. While the observed oxidation-reduction with dioxygen is only a side reaction of the predominant physiological product glutaryl-CoA, the efficiency of superoxide/ H2O2 production was 7-times larger from OA than from OG, making the reaction of OGDHc with OA one of the important superoxide/ H2O2 producers among 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461-2304, USA.
| | - Elena Guevara
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | | | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
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42
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Individual Amino Acid Supplementation Can Improve Energy Metabolism and Decrease ROS Production in Neuronal Cells Overexpressing Alpha-Synuclein. Neuromolecular Med 2017. [PMID: 28620826 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by alpha-synuclein accumulation and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain. Increased levels of alpha-synuclein have been shown to result in loss of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I activity leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. WT alpha-synuclein was stably overexpressed in human BE(2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells resulting in increased levels of an alpha-synuclein multimer, but no increase in alpha-synuclein monomer levels. Oxygen consumption was decreased by alpha-synuclein overexpression, but ATP levels did not decrease and ROS levels did not increase. Treatment with ferrous sulfate, a ROS generator, resulted in decreased oxygen consumption in both control and alpha-synuclein overexpressing cells. However, this treatment only decreased ATP levels and increased ROS production in the cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein. Similarly, paraquat, another ROS generator, decreased ATP levels in the alpha-synuclein overexpressing cells, but not in the control cells, further demonstrating how alpha-synuclein sensitized the cells to oxidative insult. Proteomic analysis yielded molecular insights into the cellular adaptations to alpha-synuclein overexpression, such as the increased abundance of many mitochondrial proteins. Many amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates and their ester forms were individually supplemented to the cells with L-serine, L-proline, L-aspartate, or L-glutamine decreasing ROS production in oxidatively stressed alpha-synuclein overexpressing cells, while diethyl oxaloacetate or L-valine supplementation increased ATP levels. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with individual metabolites could yield bioenergetic improvements in PD patients to delay loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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Ambrus A, Adam-Vizi V. Human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency: Novel insights into the structural basis and molecular pathomechanism. Neurochem Int 2017; 117:5-14. [PMID: 28579060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes our present view on the molecular pathogenesis of human (h) E3-deficiency caused by a variety of genetic alterations with a special emphasis on the moonlighting biochemical phenomena related to the affected (dihydro)lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH, E3, gene: dld), in particular the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). E3-deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder frequently presenting with a neonatal onset and premature death; the highest carrier rate of a single pathogenic dld mutation (1:94-1:110) was found among Ashkenazi Jews. Patients usually die during acute episodes that generally involve severe metabolic decompensation and lactic acidosis leading to neurological, cardiological, and/or hepatological manifestations. The disease owes its severity to the fact that LADH is the common E3 subunit of the alpha-ketoglutarate (KGDHc), pyruvate (PDHc), and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and is also part of the glycine cleavage system, hence the malfunctioning of LADH simultaneously incapacitates several central metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, the clinical pictures are usually not unequivocally portrayed through the loss of LADH activities and imply auxiliary mechanisms that exacerbate the symptoms and outcomes of this disorder. Enhanced ROS generation by disease-causing hE3 variants as well as by the E1-E2 subcomplex of the hKGDHc likely contributes to selected pathogeneses of E3-deficiency, which could be targeted by specific drugs or antioxidants; lipoic acid was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of ROS generation by hE3 in vitro. Flavin supplementation might prove to be beneficial for those mutations triggering FAD loss in the hE3 component. Selected pathogenic hE3 variants lose their affinity for the E2 component of the hPDHc, a mechanism which warrants scrutiny also for other E3-haboring complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Budni J, Garcez ML, Mina F, Bellettini-Santos T, da Silva S, Luz APD, Schiavo GL, Batista-Silva H, Scaini G, Streck EL, Quevedo J. The oral administration of D-galactose induces abnormalities within the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the brain of rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:811-817. [PMID: 28236040 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
D-Galactose (D-gal) chronic administration via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes has been used as a model of aging and Alzheimer disease in rodents. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of D-gal causes memory impairments, a reduction in the neurogenesis of adult mice, an increase in the levels of the amyloid precursor protein and oxidative damage; However, the effects of oral D-gal remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the oral administration of D-gal induces abnormalities within the mitochondrial respiratory chain of rats. Male Wistar rats (4 months old) received D-gal (100 mg/kg v.o.), during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th or 8th weeks by oral gavage. The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was measured in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks after the administration of D-gal. The activity of the respiratory chain complex I was found to have increased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the 1st, 6th and 8th weeks, while the activity of the respiratory chain complex II increased in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks within the hippocampus and in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks within the prefrontal cortex. The activity of complex II-III increased within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in each week of oral D-gal treatment. The activity of complex IV increased within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks of treatment. After 4 weeks of treatment the activity increased only in hippocampus. In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of D-gal increased the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II-III and IV in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of D-gal via the oral route seems to cause the alterations in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes observed in brain neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira da Luz
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luiz Schiavo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Hemily Batista-Silva
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emílio Luiz Streck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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45
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de Oliveira MR, da Costa Ferreira G, Peres A, Bosco SMD. Carnosic Acid Suppresses the H 2O 2-Induced Mitochondria-Related Bioenergetics Disturbances and Redox Impairment in SH-SY5Y Cells: Role for Nrf2. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:968-979. [PMID: 28084591 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic diterpene carnosic acid (CA, C20H28O4) exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cancer effects in mammalian cells. CA activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), among other signaling pathways, and restores cell viability in several in vitro and in vivo experimental models. We have previously reported that CA affords mitochondrial protection against various chemical challenges. However, it was not clear yet whether CA would prevent chemically induced impairment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) function in mammalian cells. In the present work, we found that a pretreatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with CA at 1 μM for 12 h prevented the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced impairment of the TCA enzymes (aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)) and abolished the inhibition of the complexes I and V and restored the levels of ATP by a mechanism associated with Nrf2. CA also exhibited antioxidant abilities by enhancing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreasing the content oxidative stress markers (cellular 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), and mitochondrial malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine). Silencing of Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the protective effects elicited by CA in mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, CA prevented the H2O2-triggered mitochondrial impairment by an Nrf2-dependent mechanism. The specific role of Nrf2 in ameliorating the function of TCA enzymes function needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química/ICET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa , 2367 , Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo da Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa da Pós-Graduação, Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Cong W, Niu C, Lv L, Ni M, Ruan D, Chi L, Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhan K, Xuan Y, Wang Y, Tan Y, Wei T, Cai L, Jin L. Metallothionein Prevents Age-Associated Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway Activation and Associated Nitrative Damage to 2-OGD. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:936-952. [PMID: 27477335 PMCID: PMC5144888 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac-specific metallothionein (MT) overexpression extends lifespan, but the mechanism underlying the effect of MT protection against age-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains elusive. To elucidate this, male wild-type and two lines of MT-transgenic (MT-TG) mice, MM and MT-1 (cardiac-specific overexpressing MT about 10- and 80-fold, respectively) at three representative ages (2-3, 9-10, and 18-20 months), were utilized. A stable human MT2A overexpressing cardiomyocytes (H9c2MT7) was also introduced. RESULTS Histomorphology and echocardiographic analysis revealed that age-associated cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, and dysfunction were ameliorated in MT-TG mice. Also, aging-accompanied NF-κB activation, characterized by increased nuclear p65 translocation, elevated DNA-binding activity, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, was largely attenuated by MT overexpression. Treatment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which mimicked an inflammatory environment, significantly increased NF-κB activity, and some age-related phenotypes appeared. The NF-κB activation was further proved to be pivotal for both age-associated and TNF-α-induced nitrative damage to cardiac 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGD) by virtue of NF-κB p65 gene silencing. MT inhibited NF-κB activation and associated nitrative damage to cardiac 2-OGD in both old MT-TG hearts and TNF-α-treated H9c2MT7 cardiomyocytes; these protective effects were abolished in H9c2MT7 cardiomyocytes by MT-specific gene silencing. Innovation and Conclusion: Together, these findings indicate that the protective effects of MT against age-associated CVD can be attributed mainly to its role in NF-κB inhibition and resultant alleviation of nitrative damage to 2-OGD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 936-952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Cong
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lingchun Lv
- 2 The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Maowei Ni
- 3 Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Ruan
- 4 The Health Examination Center , the 117th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Chi
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- 5 Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kungao Zhan
- 6 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- 7 The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China .,8 Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Tiemin Wei
- 2 The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- 7 The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P.R. China .,8 Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Litai Jin
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
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47
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Angelova PR, Abramov AY. Functional role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:81-85. [PMID: 27296839 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The major energy generator in the cell - mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species as a by-product of a number of enzymatic reactions and the production of ATP. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial ROS regulate diverse physiological parameters and that dysregulated ROS signalling may contribute to a development of processes which lead to human diseases. ROS produced in mitochondrial enzymes are triggers of monoamine-induced calcium signal in astrocytes, playing important role in physiological and pathophysiological response to dopamine. Generation of ROS in mitochondria leads to peroxidation of lipids, which is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of cell injury under condition of oxidative stress. However, it also can induce activation of mitochondrial and cellular phospholipases that can trigger a variety of the signals - from activation of ion channels to stimulation of calcium signal. Mitochondria are shown to be the oxygen sensor in astrocytes, therefore inhibition of respiration by hypoxia induces ROS production which leads to lipid peroxidation, activation of phospholipase C and induction of IP3-mediated calcium signal. Propagation of astrocytic calcium signal stimulates breathing activity in response to hypoxia. Thus, ROS produced by mitochondrial enzymes or electron transport chain can be used as a trigger for signalling cascades in central nervous system and deregulation of this process leads to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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48
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Sandhir R, Halder A, Sunkaria A. Mitochondria as a centrally positioned hub in the innate immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1090-1097. [PMID: 27794419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles involved in numerous cellular functions ranging from energy metabolism to cell survival. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondria provide a platform for signaling pathways involved in innate immune response. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) are key triggers in the activation of innate immune response following variety of stress signals that include infection, tissue damage and metabolic dysregulation. The process is mediated through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that consist of retinoic acid inducible gene like receptors (RLRs), c-type lectin receptors (CLRs), toll type receptors (TLRs) and nuclear oligomerization-domain like receptors (NLRs). These signals converge to form a multiprotein complex called inflammasome that leads to caspase-1 activation to promote processing of precursor cytokines (pro-IL1β and pro-IL-18) to active cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). It appears that mitochondria induced inflammasome activation contributes to inflammatory process in many diverse disorders. Therefore, strategies aimed at modulating mitochondria mediated inflammasome activation might be beneficial in many pathophysiological conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Avishek Halder
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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49
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Ambrus A, Wang J, Mizsei R, Zambo Z, Torocsik B, Jordan F, Adam-Vizi V. Structural alterations induced by ten disease-causing mutations of human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase analyzed by hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry: Implications for the structural basis of E3 deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2098-2109. [PMID: 27544700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic amino acid substitutions of the common E3 component (hE3) of the human alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes lead to severe metabolic diseases (E3 deficiency), which usually manifest themselves in cardiological and/or neurological symptoms and often cause premature death. To date, 14 disease-causing amino acid substitutions of the hE3 component have been reported in the clinical literature. None of the pathogenic protein variants has lent itself to high-resolution structure elucidation by X-ray or NMR. Hence, the structural alterations of the hE3 protein caused by the disease-causing mutations and leading to dysfunction, including the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species by selected disease-causing variants, could only be speculated. Here we report results of an examination of the effects on the protein structure of ten pathogenic mutations of hE3 using hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), a new and state-of-the-art approach of solution structure elucidation. On the basis of the results, putative structural and mechanistic conclusions were drawn regarding the molecular pathogenesis of each disease-causing hE3 mutation addressed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Reka Mizsei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Zambo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Torocsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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50
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Gonzalez-Riano C, Garcia A, Barbas C. Metabolomics studies in brain tissue: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:141-168. [PMID: 27451335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain is still an organ with a composition to be discovered but beyond that, mental disorders and especially all diseases that curse with dementia are devastating for the patient, the family and the society. Metabolomics can offer an alternative tool for unveiling new insights in the discovery of new treatments and biomarkers of mental disorders. Until now, most of metabolomic studies have been based on biofluids: serum/plasma or urine, because brain tissue accessibility is limited to animal models or post mortem studies, but even so it is crucial for understanding the pathological processes. Metabolomics studies of brain tissue imply several challenges due to sample extraction, along with brain heterogeneity, sample storage, and sample treatment for a wide coverage of metabolites with a wide range of concentrations of many lipophilic and some polar compounds. In this review, the current analytical practices for target and non-targeted metabolomics are described and discussed with emphasis on critical aspects: sample treatment (quenching, homogenization, filtration, centrifugation and extraction), analytical methods, as well as findings considering the used strategies. Besides that, the altered analytes in the different brain regions have been associated with their corresponding pathways to obtain a global overview of their dysregulation, trying to establish the link between altered biological pathways and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Garcia
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
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