1
|
Lauretani F, Giallauria F, Testa C, Zinni C, Lorenzi B, Zucchini I, Salvi M, Napoli R, Maggio MG. Dopamine Pharmacodynamics: New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5293. [PMID: 38791331 PMCID: PMC11121567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in physiological processes such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, and maternal and reproductive behaviors. Therefore, dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system are related to a plethora of human diseases. Dopamine, via different circuitries implicated in compulsive behavior, reward, and habit formation, also represents a key player in substance use disorder and the formation and perpetuation of mechanisms leading to addiction. Here, we propose dopamine as a model not only of neurotransmission but also of neuromodulation capable of modifying neuronal architecture. Abuse of substances like methamphetamine, cocaine, and alcohol and their consumption over time can induce changes in neuronal activities. These modifications lead to synaptic plasticity and finally to morphological and functional changes, starting from maladaptive neuro-modulation and ending in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Lauretani
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
- Cognitive and Motor Center, Medicine and Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department of Parma, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Crescenzo Testa
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Claudia Zinni
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Beatrice Lorenzi
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Irene Zucchini
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Marco Salvi
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Marcello Giuseppe Maggio
- Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.T.); (C.Z.); (B.L.); (I.Z.); (M.S.); (M.G.M.)
- Cognitive and Motor Center, Medicine and Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department of Parma, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stein J, Jorge BC, Nagaoka LT, Reis ACC, Manoel BDM, Godoi AR, Fioravante VC, Martinez FE, Pinheiro PFF, Pupo AS, Arena AC. Can exposure to lisdexamfetamine dimesylate from juvenile period to peripubertal compromise male reproductive parameters in adult rats? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116867. [PMID: 38378049 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a d-amphetamine prodrug used to treat attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Due to its action mediated by elevated levels of catecholamines, mainly dopamine and noradrenaline, which influence hormonal regulation and directly affect the gonads, this drug may potentially disrupt reproductive performance. This study evaluated the effects of exposure to LDX from the juvenile to peripubertal period (critical stages of development) on systemic and reproductive toxicity parameters in male rats. Male Wistar rats (23 days old) were treated with 0; 5.2; 8.6 or 12.1 mg/kg/day of LDX from post-natal day (PND) 23 to 53, by gavage. LDX treatment led to reduced daily food and water consumption, as well as a decrease in social behaviors. The day of preputial separation remained unaltered, although the treated animals exhibited reduced weight. At PND 54, the treated animals presented signs of systemic toxicity, evidenced by a reduction in body weight gain, increase in the relative weight of the liver, spleen, and seminal gland, reduction in erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, reduced total protein levels, and disruptions in oxidative parameters. In adulthood, there was an increase in immobile sperm, reduced sperm count, morphometric changes in the testis, and altered oxidative parameters, without compromising male sexual behavior and fertility. These findings showed that LDX-treatment during the juvenile and peripubertal periods induced immediate systemic toxicity and adversely influenced reproductive function in adult life, indicating that caution is necessary when prescribing this drug during the peripubertal phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stein
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Morphology sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Campos Jorge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Morphology sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Trippe Nagaoka
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Morphology sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Casali Reis
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Morphology sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Matos Manoel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Morphology sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana Rezende Godoi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Anatomy sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Caroline Fioravante
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Anatomy sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Anatomy sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Anatomy sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Sampaio Pupo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Morphology sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Information and Toxicological Assistance (CIATOX), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kargar HMP, Noshiri H. Protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on anxiety-like behavior, memory and prevention of hippocampal oxidative stress in methamphetamine-treated rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:315-326. [PMID: 37882813 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alpha-lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for aerobic metabolism and acts as a potent antioxidant in the body. It has been shown that acute exposure to methamphetamine induces oxidative stress, which is responsible for severe cognitive deficits in animals. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the processing of memory and anxiety-like behavior. OBJECTIVES In this study, preventive effect of the alpha-lipoic acid on memory impairment in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. METHODS Wistar male rats (200-220 g) were allocated to five groups (seven rats in each group): (1) saline + saline, (2) saline + vehicle (sunflower oil as alpha-lipoic acid solvent), (3) methamphetamine + vehicle, (4) methamphetamine + alpha-lipoic acid 10 mg/kg, and (5) methamphetamine + alpha-lipoic acid 40 mg/kg. Rats received intraperitoneal methamphetamine repeatedly (2 × 20 mg/kg, 2 h interval). Alpha-lipoic acid was injected 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the last injection of methamphetamine. The passive avoidance test and open field were used for evaluation of memory retrieval and anxiety, respectively. After behavioral test, rats were anesthetized, their brains were extracted, and after preparing hippocampal homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that injection of saline or sunflower oil had no significant effect on anxiety, memory, or oxidative stress markers. Methamphetamine induced memory impairment, increased anxiety-like behavior and MDA level, but it reduced catalase and SOD activity. Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid decreased MDA, increased catalase and SOD activity, and also prevented memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Our results showed that alpha-lipoic acid protected the hippocampus from oxidative stress by elevating SOD and CAT activities and reduced memory impairment following acute methamphetamine injection. These findings suggest that alpha-lipoic acid may have a protective effect against the adverse effects of methamphetamine exposure on the hippocampus. Therefore, the current data indicated that ALA can reduce oxidative stress predominantly by its antioxidant property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammad Pour Kargar
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Noshiri
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elhadi K, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Modeling methamphetamine use disorder and relapse in animals: short- and long-term epigenetic, transcriptional., and biochemical consequences in the rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105440. [PMID: 38707245 PMCID: PMC11068368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by binge drug taking episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use even during treatment. MUD has been modeled in rodents and investigators are attempting to identify its molecular bases. Preclinical experiments have shown that different schedules of methamphetamine self-administration can cause diverse transcriptional changes in the dorsal striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present review, we present data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the rat striatum following methamphetamine intake. These include genes involved in transcription regulation, potassium channel function, and neuroinflammation. We then use the striatal data to discuss the potential significance of the molecular changes induced by methamphetamine by reviewing concordant or discordant data from the literature. This review identified potential molecular targets for pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, there is a need for more research on methamphetamine-induced transcriptional consequences in various brain regions. These data should provide a more detailed neuroanatomical map of methamphetamine-induced changes and should better inform therapeutic interventions against MUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Elhadi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Atul P. Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shabani M, Soti M, Ranjbar H, Naderi R. Abscisic acid ameliorates motor disabilities in 6-OHDA-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18473. [PMID: 37576242 PMCID: PMC10412891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a myriad of symptoms, encompassing both motor disabilities and cognitive impairments. Recent research has shown that abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone found in various brain regions of several mammals and exhibits neuroprotective properties. To investigate the effects of ABA on cognitive and motor disorders, a mouse model of PD was utilized. The administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to the lateral ventricles was conducted, with ABA (10 and 15 μg/mouse, i. c.v.) being administered for one week after the 6-OHDA injection for 4 days. Motor and cognitive performance were evaluated through the use of open field, rotarod, wire grip, and shuttle box tests. The results indicated that cognitive function and motor disorders were significantly impaired in 6-OHDA-treated animals. However, in mice treated with 6-OHDA, ABA (15 μg/mouse) significantly reversed balance and muscle strength deficits. It should be noted that the administration of ABA did not significantly improve cognitive impairment or rearing in Parkinsonism mice. Therefore, the findings suggest that ABA plays a crucial role in protecting mice from motor disabilities caused by 6-OHDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Naderi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khorrami S, Dogani M, Mahani SE, Moghaddam MM, Taheri RA. Neuroprotective activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against methamphetamine-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11867. [PMID: 37481580 PMCID: PMC10363122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective activity of the black peel pomegranate extract, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the extract. We pretreated the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 cells with the extract and AgNPs and evaluated the neuroprotective activity of these agents against methamphetamine (Meth) cytotoxicity. The NPs were spherical with 19 ± 8 nm size, - 28 mV surface charge, and 0.20 PDI. Meth killed the cells by increasing proapoptotic (Bax, PTEN, AKT, PI3K, NF-κB, P53, TNF-α, Cyt C, and Cas 3) and decreasing the antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2) expression. Exposure to Meth caused DNA fragmentation and increased the intercellular ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). A 4-h pretreatment of the cells with the extract and AgNPs could retain the viability of the cells above 80% by increasing the Bcl-2 expression up to fourfold and inhibiting the cell death pathways. ROS, MDA, and MMP levels in the pretreated cells were close to the control group. The percentage of necrosis in cells pretreated with the extract and AgNPs declined to 32% and 8%, respectively. Our promising findings indicated that AgNPs could reduce Meth-induced oxidative stress and prevent necrotic and apoptotic cell death by regulating related genes' expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Khorrami
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Dogani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaki S, DeRosa H, Timmerman B, Brummelte S, Hunter RG, Kentner AC. Developmental Manipulation-Induced Changes in Cognitive Functioning. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:241-289. [PMID: 36029460 PMCID: PMC9971379 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with as-yet no identified cause. The use of animals has been critical to teasing apart the potential individual and intersecting roles of genetic and environmental risk factors in the development of schizophrenia. One way to recreate in animals the cognitive impairments seen in people with schizophrenia is to disrupt the prenatal or neonatal environment of laboratory rodent offspring. This approach can result in congruent perturbations in brain physiology, learning, memory, attention, and sensorimotor domains. Experimental designs utilizing such animal models have led to a greatly improved understanding of the biological mechanisms that could underlie the etiology and symptomology of schizophrenia, although there is still more to be discovered. The implementation of the Research and Domain Criterion (RDoC) has been critical in taking a more comprehensive approach to determining neural mechanisms underlying abnormal behavior in people with schizophrenia through its transdiagnostic approach toward targeting mechanisms rather than focusing on symptoms. Here, we describe several neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia using an RDoC perspective approach. The implementation of animal models, combined with an RDoC framework, will bolster schizophrenia research leading to more targeted and likely effective therapeutic interventions resulting in better patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahith Kaki
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly DeRosa
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Timmerman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ito S, Napolitano A, Sarna T, Wakamatsu K. Iron and copper ions accelerate and modify dopamine oxidation to eumelanin: implications for neuromelanin genesis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:29-42. [PMID: 36527527 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a precursor of neuromelanin (NM) synthesized in the substantia nigra of the brain. NM is known to contain considerable levels of Fe and Cu. However, how Fe and Cu ions affect DA oxidation to DA-eumelanin (DA-EM) and modify its structure is poorly understood. EMs were prepared from 500 µM DA, dopaminechrome (DAC), or 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). Autoxidation was carried out in the absence or presence of 50 µM Fe(II) or Cu(II) at pH 7.4 and 37 ℃. EMs were characterized by Soluene-350 solubilization analyzing absorbances at 500 nm (A500) and 650 nm (A650) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation (AHPO) yielding various pyrrole carboxylic acids. Pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (PTeCA) served as a molecular marker of cross-linked DHI units. Importantly, Fe and Cu accelerated DA oxidation to DA-EM and DHI oxidation to DHI-EM several-fold, whereas these metals only weakly affected the production of DAC-EM. The A500 values indicated that DA-EM contains considerable portions of uncyclized DA units. Analysis of the A650/A500 ratios suggests that Fe and Cu caused some degradation of DHI units of DA-EM during 72-h incubation. Results with AHPO were consistent with the A500 values and additionally revealed that (1) DA-EM is less cross-linked than DAC-EM and DHI-EM and (2) Fe and Cu promote cross-linking of DHI units. In conclusion, Fe and Cu not only accelerate the oxidation of DA to DA-EM but also promote cross-linking and degradation of DHI units. These results help to understand how Fe and Cu in the brain affect the production and properties of NM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brown TE, Sorg BA. Net gain and loss: influence of natural rewards and drugs of abuse on perineuronal nets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:3-20. [PMID: 35568740 PMCID: PMC9700711 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Overindulgence, excessive consumption, and a pattern of compulsive use of natural rewards, such as certain foods or drugs of abuse, may result in the development of obesity or substance use disorder, respectively. Natural rewards and drugs of abuse can trigger similar changes in the neurobiological substrates that drive food- and drug-seeking behaviors. This review examines the impact natural rewards and drugs of abuse have on perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are specialized extracellular matrix structures that ensheathe certain neurons during development over the critical period to provide synaptic stabilization and a protective microenvironment for the cells they surround. This review also analyzes how natural rewards and drugs of abuse impact the density and maturation of PNNs within reward-associated circuitry of the brain, which may contribute to maladaptive food- and drug-seeking behaviors. Finally, we evaluate the relatively few studies that have degraded PNNs to perturb reward-seeking behaviors. Taken together, this review sheds light on the complex way PNNs are regulated by natural rewards and drugs and highlights a need for future studies to delineate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the modification and maintenance of PNNs following exposure to rewarding stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Brown
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, 97232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Revilla J, Herrera AJ, de Pablos RM, Venero JL. Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S165-S182. [PMID: 35662128 PMCID: PMC9535574 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia and peripheral immune cells may play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, there is a need to take advantage of immune-related models of PD to study the potential contribution of microglia and peripheral immune cells to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and help develop potential therapies for PD. In this review, we have summarised the main PD immune models. From a historical perspective, we highlight first the main features of intranigral injections of different pro-inflammogens, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thrombin, neuromelanin, etc. The use of adenoviral vectors to promote microglia-specific overexpression of different molecules in the ventral mesencephalon, including α-synuclein, IL-1β, and TNF, are also presented and briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise different models associated with peripheral inflammation whose contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is now an outstanding question. Illustrative examples included systemic LPS administration and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biochemical Neuroadaptations in the Rat Striatal Dopaminergic System after Prolonged Exposure to Methamphetamine Self-Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710092. [PMID: 36077488 PMCID: PMC9456063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in striatal dopamine (DA) homeostasis might underlie the behavioral and pathobiological consequences of METH use disorder in humans. To identify potential consequences of long-term METH exposure, we modeled the adverse consequence DSM criterion of substance use disorders by giving footshocks to rats that had escalated their intake of METH during a drug self-administration procedure. Next, DA D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 was injected. Thereafter, rats were euthanized to measure several indices of the striatal dopaminergic system. Footshocks split the METH rats into two phenotypes: (i) shock-sensitive that decreased their METH-intake and (ii) shock-resistant that continued their METH intake. SCH23390 caused substantial dose-dependent reduction of METH taking in both groups. Stopping SCH23390 caused re-emergence of compulsive METH taking in shock-resistant rats. Compulsive METH takers also exhibited greater incubation of METH seeking than non-compulsive rats during withdrawal from METH SA. Analyses of DA metabolism revealed non-significant decreases (about 35%) in DA levels in resistant and sensitive rats. However, striatal contents of the deaminated metabolites, DOPAL and DOPAC, were significantly increased in sensitive rats. VMAT2 and DAT protein levels were decreased in both phenotypes. Moreover, protein expression levels of the D1-like DA receptor, D5R, and D2-like DA receptors, D3R and D4R, were significantly decreased in the compulsive METH takers. Our results parallel findings in post-mortem striatal tissues of human METH users who develop Parkinsonism after long-term METH intake and support the use of this model to investigate potential therapeutic interventions for METH use disorder.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo D, Huang X, Xiong T, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liang J. Molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death in methamphetamine-induced neuronal damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980340. [PMID: 36059947 PMCID: PMC9428134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine, commonly referred to as METH, is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most commonly misused drugs on the planet. Using METH continuously can increase your risk for drug addiction, along with other health complications like attention deficit disorder, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Neurotoxicity caused by METH is thought to play a significant role in the onset of these neurological complications. The molecular mechanisms responsible for METH-caused neuronal damage are discussed in this review. According to our analysis, METH is closely associated with programmed cell death (PCD) in the process that causes neuronal impairment, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. In reviewing this article, some insights are gained into how METH addiction is accompanied by cell death and may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for the neurological impairment caused by METH abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianqing Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyan Liang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miller AE, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Sex-Dependent Alterations in the mRNA Expression of Enzymes Involved in Dopamine Synthesis and Breakdown After Methamphetamine Self-Administration. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1464-1478. [PMID: 35834057 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences have been reported in methamphetamine (METH) use disorder in humans and in animal models of METH exposure. Specifically, animals that self-administer METH show sex-related dissimilarities in dopamine (DA) metabolism. To better understand the molecular bases for the differences in DA metabolism, we measured the levels of mRNAs of enzymes that catalyze DA synthesis and breakdown in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (dSTR), and hippocampus (HIP) of rats that had self-administered METH. There were significant sex differences in control rats, with males having higher basal levels of Th in the PFC and dSTR, Ddc in the NAc, and MaoB in the HIP. In contrast, female controls showed higher basal levels of Comt in the HIP. Male and female METH SA rats also showed some distinct responses to the drug. Specifically, female METH rats exhibited increased expression of Ddc and MaoB, whereas male METH animals showed higher levels of Comt mRNA in the PFC compared to their respective controls. In the NAc, male METH rats displayed decreased Th and Ddc mRNA levels. Together, our results identified sex-dependent and region-specific changes in the mRNA expression of several enzymes involved in DA synthesis and breakdown in response to METH SA, with the majority of differences being observed in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. These findings are of significant translational importance providing further support for the inclusion of sex as an important variable when planning and evaluating therapeutic interventions against METH use disorder in human clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E Miller
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Astrocytes with a mature star-shaped phenotype for CNS modeling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2494-2512. [PMID: 35488987 PMCID: PMC9489586 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The generation of astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells has been hampered by either prolonged differentiation—spanning over two months—or by shorter protocols that generate immature astrocytes, devoid of salient mature astrocytic traits pivotal for central nervous system (CNS) modeling. We directed stable hiPSC-derived neuroepithelial stem cells to human iPSC-derived Astrocytes (hiAstrocytes) with a high percentage of star-shaped cells by orchestrating an astrocytic-tuned culturing environment in 28 days. We employed RT-qPCR and ICC to validate the astrocytic commitment of the neuroepithelial stem cells. To evaluate the inflammatory phenotype, we challenged the hiAstrocytes with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta) and quantitatively assessed the secretion profile of astrocyte-associated cytokines and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Finally, we quantitatively assessed the capacity of hiAstrocytes to synthesize and export the antioxidant glutathione. In under 28 days, the generated cells express canonical and mature astrocytic markers, denoted by the expression of GFAP, AQP4 and ALDH1L1. In addition, the notion of a mature phenotype is reinforced by the expression of both astrocytic glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2. Thus, hiAstrocytes have a mature phenotype that encompasses traits critical in CNS modeling, including glutathione synthesis and secretion, upregulation of ICAM-1 and a cytokine secretion profile on a par with human fetal astrocytes. This protocol generates a multifaceted astrocytic model suitable for in vitro CNS disease modeling and personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sankaran D, Lakshminrusimha S, Manja V. Methamphetamine: burden, mechanism and impact on pregnancy, the fetus, and newborn. J Perinatol 2022; 42:293-299. [PMID: 34785765 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
While the opioid epidemic has garnered worldwide attention, increasing methamphetamine use has drawn less scrutiny. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant affecting people from all backgrounds and regions. It is a potent vasoconstrictor, is associated with arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular disease-related mortality is a leading cause of death in methamphetamine users. Women of childbearing age increasingly use methamphetamine and continue during pregnancy. In the short term, prenatal methamphetamine use is associated with fetal growth restriction and low birth weight in the newborn. Animal studies show reduction in uterine and umbilical blood flow following maternal methamphetamine administration. Based on currently available evidence, prenatal methamphetamine exposure has transient effects on gross motor development, no effect on language and cognition, and modest effects on behavior and executive functioning with poor inhibitory control, which may be attributable to early adversity. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sankaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Adventist Health Rideout Hospital, Marysville, CA, USA. .,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Satyan Lakshminrusimha
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Veena Manja
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Psychomotor Symptoms in Chronic Cocaine Users: An Interpretative Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031897. [PMID: 35162918 PMCID: PMC8835199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest estimates, there are around 24.6 million cocaine users worldwide, and it is estimated that around a quarter of the population worldwide has used cocaine at some point in their lifetime. It follows that such widespread consumption represents a major risk for public health. Long-term use of cocaine, in addition to being related to many cerebral and cardiovascular diseases, is increasingly associated with a higher incidence of psychomotor symptoms and neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, numerous studies have shown an increased risk of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) in patients with psychotic spectrum disorders comorbid with psychostimulant misuse, particularly of cocaine. In the present paper, we describe the case of a young patient on his first entry into a psychiatric setting with previous cocaine misuse who rapidly presented psychomotor symptoms and was poorly responsive to symptomatic therapy consisting of benzodiazepines and anticholinergics, in relation to the introduction of various antipsychotics (first, second, and third generation). Furthermore, we propose neurobiological mechanisms underlying the hypothesized increased vulnerability to psychomotor symptoms in chronic cocaine abusers. Specifically, we supposed that the chronic administration of cocaine produces important neurobiological changes, causing a complex dysregulation of various neurotransmitter systems, mainly affecting subcortical structures and the dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways. We believe that a better understanding of these neurochemical and neurobiological processes could have useful clinical and therapeutic implications by providing important indications to increase the risk–benefit ratio in pharmacological choice in patients with psychotic spectrum disorders comorbid with a substance use disorder.
Collapse
|
17
|
The effect of self-administered methamphetamine on GABAergic interneuron populations and functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2903-2919. [PMID: 35920922 PMCID: PMC9385811 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine (METH, "ice") is a potent and addictive psychostimulant. Abuse of METH perturbs neurotransmitter systems and induces neurotoxicity; however, the neurobiological mechanisms which underlie addiction to METH are not fully understood, limiting the efficacy of available treatments. Here we investigate METH-induced changes to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), parvalbumin and calretinin-expressing GABAergic interneuron populations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We hypothesise that dysfunction or loss of these GABAergic interneuron populations may disrupt the excitatory/inhibitory balance within the brain. METHODS Male Long Evans rats (N = 32) were trained to lever press for intravenous METH or received yoked saline infusions. Following 14 days of behavioural extinction, animals were given a non-contingent injection of saline or METH (1 mg/kg, IP) to examine drug-primed reinstatement to METH-seeking behaviours. Ninety minutes post-IP injection, animals were culled and brain sections were analysed for Fos, nNOS, parvalbumin and calretinin immunoreactivity in eight distinct subregions of the NAc, PFC and OFC. RESULTS METH exposure differentially affected GABAergic populations, with METH self-administration increasing nNOS immunoreactivity at distinct locations in the prelimbic cortex and decreasing parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the NAc. METH self-administration triggered reduced calretinin immunoreactivity, whilst acute METH administration produced a significant increase in calretinin immunoreactivity. As expected, non-contingent METH-priming treatment increased Fos immunoreactivity in subregions of the NAc and PFC. CONCLUSION Here we report that METH exposure in this model may alter the function of GABAergic interneurons in more subtle ways, such as alterations in neuronal firing or synaptic connectivity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bedrossiantz J, Bellot M, Dominguez-García P, Faria M, Prats E, Gómez-Canela C, López-Arnau R, Escubedo E, Raldúa D. A Zebrafish Model of Neurotoxicity by Binge-Like Methamphetamine Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770319. [PMID: 34880760 PMCID: PMC8646101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a common confounding factor for assessing the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (METH) in mammalian models. The development of new models of methamphetamine neurotoxicity using vertebrate poikilothermic animals should allow to overcome this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a zebrafish model of neurotoxicity by binge-like methamphetamine exposure. After an initial testing at 20 and 40 mg/L for 48 h, the later METH concentration was selected for developing the model and the effects on the brain monoaminergic profile, locomotor, anxiety-like and social behaviors as well as on the expression of key genes of the catecholaminergic system were determined. A concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the brain levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) was found in METH-exposed fish. A significant hyperactivity was found during the first hour of exposure, followed 3 h after by a positive geotaxis and negative scototaxis in the novel tank and in the light/dark paradigm, respectively. Moreover, the behavioral phenotype in the treated fish was consistent with social isolation. At transcriptional level, th1 and slc18a2 (vmat2) exhibited a significant increase after 3 h of exposure, whereas the expression of gfap, a marker of astroglial response to neuronal injury, was strongly increased after 48 h exposure. However, no evidences of oxidative stress were found in the brain of the treated fish. Altogether, this study demonstrates the suitability of the adult zebrafish as a model of METH-induced neurotoxicity and provides more information about the biochemical and behavioral consequences of METH abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Dominguez-García
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Interweaving of Reactive Oxygen Species and Major Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:409-425. [PMID: 34896378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are found to be having a wide range of biological effects ranging from regulating functions in normal physiology to alteration and damaging various processes and cell components causing a number of diseases. Mitochondria is an important organelle responsible for energy production and in many signalling mechanisms. The electron transport chain in mitochondria where oxidative phosphorylation takes place is also coupled with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in normal homeostasis and overproduction of reactive oxygen species by various sources are found to be involved in multiple neurological and major neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarises the role of reactive oxygen species and the mechanism of neuronal loss in major neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Depression, and Schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
20
|
Aboushady Y, Gabr M, ElHady AK, Salah M, Abadi AH, Wilms G, Becker W, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. Discovery of Hydroxybenzothiazole Urea Compounds as Multitargeted Agents Suppressing Major Cytotoxic Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4302-4318. [PMID: 34726394 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors are causally responsible and/or contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The protein kinase Dyrk1A was identified as a promising target as it phosphorylates tau protein, α-synuclein, and parkin. The first goal of our study was to optimize our previously identified Dyrk1A inhibitors of the 6-hydroxy benzothiazole urea chemotype in terms of potency and selectivity. Our efforts led to the development of the 3-fluorobenzyl amide derivative 16b, which displayed the highest potency against Dyrk1A (IC50 = 9.4 nM). In general, the diversification of the benzylamide moiety led to an enhanced selectivity over the most homologous isoform, Dyrk1B, which was a meaningful indicator, as the high selectivity could be confirmed in an extended selectivity profiling of 3b and 16b. Eventually, we identified the novel phenethyl amide derivative 24b as a triple inhibitor of Dyrk1A kinase activity (IC50 = 119 nM) and the aggregation of tau and α-syn oligomers. We provide evidence that the novel combination of selective Dyrk1A inhibition and suppression of tau and α-syn aggregations of our new lead compound confers efficacy in several established cellular models of neurotoxic mechanisms relevant to neurodegenerative diseases, including α-syn- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Aboushady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ahmed K. ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Gerrit Wilms
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3 Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fucoxanthin alleviates methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity possibly via the inhibition of interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Christmann A, Gries M, Scholz P, Stahr PL, Law JKY, Schulte S, Martin M, Lilischkis R, Ingebrandt S, Keck CM, Schäfer KH. The antioxidant Rutin counteracts the pathological impact of α-synuclein on the enteric nervous system in vitro. Biol Chem 2021; 403:103-122. [PMID: 34582634 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Motoric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) derive from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Intestinal dysfunctions often appear long before manifestation of neuronal symptoms, suggesting a strong correlation between gut and brain in PD. Oxidative stress is a key player in neurodegeneration causing neuronal cell death. Using natural antioxidative flavonoids like Rutin, might provide intervening strategies to improve PD pathogenesis. To explore the potential effects of micro (mRutin) compared to nano Rutin (nRutin) upon the brain and the gut during PD, its neuroprotective effects were assessed using an in vitro PD model. Our results demonstrated that Rutin inhibited the neurotoxicity induced by A53T α-synuclein (Syn) administration by decreasing oxidized lipids and increasing cell viability in both, mesencephalic and enteric cells. For enteric cells, neurite outgrowth, number of synaptic vesicles, and tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells were significantly reduced when treated with Syn. This could be reversed by the addition of Rutin. nRutin revealed a more pronounced result in all experiments. In conclusion, our study shows that Rutin, especially the nanocrystals, are promising natural compounds to protect neurons from cell death and oxidative stress during PD. Early intake of Rutin may provide a realizable option to prevent or slow PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christmann
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Manuela Gries
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Patrik Scholz
- Formulation Development, BAYER AG, R&D, D-51373Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Pascal L Stahr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35037Marburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ka Yan Law
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Steven Schulte
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Monika Martin
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Rainer Lilischkis
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35037Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Histone Deacetylases and Immediate Early Genes: Key Players in Psychostimulant-Induced Neuronal Plasticity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2134-2140. [PMID: 34581974 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
IEGs play a critical functional role of in molecular, cellular, and behavioral alterations induced by psychostimulants. IEGs appear to have specific chromatin structures that may contribute to the rapid activation of their transcription. HDAC enzymes regulate reversible acetylation of lysine residues of histones and non-histone proteins. Dysregulation of HDACs has been proposed to modulate the establishment and maintenance of aberrant transcriptional programs and behaviors associated with cognitive dysfunctions and drug addiction. In this mini-review we focus our attention on recent discoveries concerning networks of protein-protein interactions for the two classes of HDAC protein family members that are highly expressed in neurons, class I and IIa HDACs. Because dynamic histone acetylation appears to be critical to IEG expression in the brain, we discuss the role of these epigenetic regulators on IEG expression induced by cocaine and methamphetamine intake.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu M, Liu Z, Guo Y, Sultana MS, Wu K, Lang X, Lv Q, Huang X, Yi Z, Li Z. Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:202. [PMID: 34526062 PMCID: PMC8444364 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated TNF-α and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, previous evidence has demonstrated sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia including clinical characteristics, cytokines, and OxS markers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating sex differences in the association between TNF-α, the OxS system, and their interaction with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. Methods A total of 119 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 135 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Two-way ANOVA, partial correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results A sex difference in MDA levels was demonstrated only in healthy controls (F = 7.06, pBonferroni = 0.045) and not seen in patients. Furthermore, only male patients had higher MDA levels than male controls (F = 8.19, pBonferroni = 0.03). Additionally, sex differences were observed in the association of TNF-α and MDA levels with psychotic symptoms (all pBonferroni < 0.05). The interaction of TNF-α and MDA was only associated with general psychopathology symptom in male patients (B = − 0.07, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results demonstrate the sex difference in the relationship between TNF-α, MDA, and their interaction with psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjing Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mst Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Masai K, Kuroda K, Isooka N, Kikuoka R, Murakami S, Kamimai S, Wang D, Liu K, Miyazaki I, Nishibori M, Asanuma M. Neuroprotective Effects of Anti-high Mobility Group Box-1 Monoclonal Antibody Against Methamphetamine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1511-1523. [PMID: 34417986 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous non-histone nuclear protein that plays a key role as a transcriptional activator, with its extracellular release provoking inflammation. Inflammatory responses are essential in methamphetamine (METH)-induced acute dopaminergic neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the effects of neutralizing anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. BALB/c mice received a single intravenous administration of anti-HMGB1 mAb prior to intraperitoneal injections of METH (4 mg/kg × 2, at 2-h intervals). METH injections induced hyperthermia, an increase in plasma HMGB1 concentration, degeneration of dopaminergic nerve terminals, accumulation of microglia, and extracellular release of neuronal HMGB1 in the striatum. These METH-induced changes were significantly inhibited by intravenous administration of anti-HMGB1 mAb. In contrast, blood-brain barrier disruption occurred by METH injections was not suppressed. Our findings demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of anti-HMGB1 mAb against METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity, suggesting that HMGB1 could play an initially important role in METH toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Masai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Kuroda
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nami Isooka
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Kikuoka
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinki Murakami
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sunao Kamimai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sanjari Moghaddam H, Mobarak Abadi M, Dolatshahi M, Bayani Ershadi S, Abbasi-Feijani F, Rezaei S, Cattarinussi G, Aarabi MH. Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on the Developing Human Brain: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2729-2748. [PMID: 34297546 PMCID: PMC8763371 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Methamphetamine
(MA) can cross the placenta in pregnant women and
cause placental abruption and developmental alterations in offspring.
Previous studies have found prenatal MA exposure effects on the social
and cognitive performance of children. Recent studies reported some
alterations in structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) of prenatal MA-exposed offspring. In this study, we aimed to
investigate the effect of prenatal MA exposure on brain development
using recently published structural, metabolic, and functional MRI
studies. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched PubMed
and SCOPUS databases for articles that used each brain imaging modality
in prenatal MA-exposed children. Seventeen studies were included in
this study. We investigated brain imaging alterations using 17 articles
with four different modalities, including structural MRI, diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional
MRI (fMRI). The participants’ age range was from infancy to
15 years. Our findings demonstrated that prenatal MA exposure is associated
with macrostructural, microstructural, metabolic, and functional deficits
in both cortical and subcortical areas. However, the most affected
regions were the striatum, frontal lobe, thalamus and the limbic system,
and white matter (WM) fibers connecting these regions. The findings
from our study might have valuable implications for targeted treatment
of neurocognitive and behavioral deficits in children with prenatal
MA exposure. Even so, our results should be interpreted cautiously
due to the heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of study
populations and methods of analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sahar Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jayanthi S, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: Main effects and mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2021; 344:113795. [PMID: 34186102 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. METH addiction is also a major public health concern and the abuse of large doses of the drug is often associated with serious neuropsychiatric consequences that may include agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, paranoia, and psychosis. Some human methamphetamine users can also suffer from attention, memory, and executive deficits. METH-associated neurological and psychiatric complications might be related, in part, to METH-induced neurotoxic effects. Those include altered dopaminergic and serotonergic functions, neuronal apoptosis, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. Here we have endeavored to discuss some of the main effects of the drug and have presented the evidence supporting certain of the molecular and cellular bases of METH neurotoxicity. The accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of transcription factors, activation of dealth pathways that emanate from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a role for neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Understanding the molecular processes involved in METH induced neurotoxicity should help in developing better therapeutic approaches that might also serve to attenuate or block the biological consequences of use of large doses of the drug by some humans who meet criteria for METH use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rudin D, Liechti ME, Luethi D. Molecular and clinical aspects of potential neurotoxicity induced by new psychoactive stimulants and psychedelics. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113778. [PMID: 34090893 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New psychoactive stimulants and psychedelics continue to play an important role on the illicit new psychoactive substance (NPS) market. Designer stimulants and psychedelics both affect monoaminergic systems, although by different mechanisms. Stimulant NPS primarily interact with monoamine transporters, either as inhibitors or as substrates. Psychedelic NPS most potently interact with serotonergic receptors and mediate their mind-altering effects mainly through agonism at serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) receptors. Rarely, designer stimulants and psychedelics are associated with potentially severe adverse effects. However, due to the high number of emerging NPS, it is not possible to investigate the toxicity of each individual substance in detail. The brain is an organ particularly sensitive to substance-induced toxicity due to its high metabolic activity. In fact, stimulant and psychedelic NPS have been linked to neurological and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, studies using in vitro cell models or rodents indicate a variety of mechanisms that could potentially lead to neurotoxic damage in NPS users. Cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress may potentially contribute to neurotoxicity of stimulant NPS in addition to altered neurochemistry. Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor-mediated toxicity, oxidative stress, and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways could contribute to neurotoxicity of some psychedelic NPS. However, it remains unclear how well the current preclinical data of NPS-induced neurotoxicity translate to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rudin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dino Luethi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dwir D, Cabungcal JH, Xin L, Giangreco B, Parietti E, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Klauser P, Conus P, Cuénod M, Steullet P, Do KQ. Timely N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Environmental Enrichment Rescue Oxidative Stress-Induced Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairments via MMP9/RAGE Pathway: A Translational Approach for Early Intervention in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1782-1794. [PMID: 34080015 PMCID: PMC8530393 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Research in schizophrenia (SZ) emphasizes the need for new therapeutic approaches based on antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compounds and psycho-social therapy. A hallmark of SZ is a dysfunction of parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking interneurons (PVI), which are essential for neuronal synchrony during sensory/cognitive processing. Oxidative stress and inflammation during early brain development, as observed in SZ, affect PVI maturation. We compared the efficacy of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or environmental enrichment (EE) provided during juvenile and/or adolescent periods in rescuing PVI impairments induced by an additional oxidative insult during childhood in a transgenic mouse model with gluthation deficit (Gclm KO), relevant for SZ. We tested whether this rescue was promoted by the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE mechanism, both in the mouse model and in early psychosis (EP) patients, enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of NAC supplementation for 6 months. We show that a sequential combination of NAC+EE applied after an early-life oxidative insult recovers integrity and function of PVI network in adult Gclm KO, via the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE. Six-month NAC treatment in EP patients reduces plasma sRAGE in association with increased prefrontal GABA, improvement of cognition and clinical symptoms, suggesting similar neuroprotective mechanisms. The sequential combination of NAC+EE reverses long-lasting effects of an early oxidative insult on PVI/perineuronal net (PNN) through the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE mechanism. In analogy, patients vulnerable to early-life insults could benefit from a combined pharmacological and psycho-social therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland; tel: +41-314-55-44, e-mail:
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Basilio Giangreco
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enea Parietti
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cuénod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharma N, Shin EJ, Pham DT, Sharma G, Dang DK, Duong CX, Kang SW, Nah SY, Jang CG, Lei XG, Nabeshima T, Bing G, Jeong JH, Kim HC. GPx-1-encoded adenoviral vector attenuates dopaminergic impairments induced by methamphetamine in GPx-1 knockout mice through modulation of NF-κB transcription factor. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112313. [PMID: 34082047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We suggested that selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plays a protective role against methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic toxicity. We focused on GPx-1, a major selenium-dependent enzyme and constructed a GPx-1 gene-encoded adenoviral vector (Ad-GPx-1) to delineate the role of GPx-1 in MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Exposure to Ad-GPx-1 significantly induced GPx activity and GPx-1 protein levels in GPx-1-knockout (GPx-1-KO) mice. MA-induced dopaminergic impairments [i.e., hyperthermia; increased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity; and decreased dopamine levels, TH activity, and behavioral activity] were more pronounced in GPx-1-KO mice than in WT mice. In contrast, exposure to Ad-GPx-1 significantly attenuated MA-induced dopaminergic loss in GPx-1-KO mice. The protective effect exerted by Ad-GPx-1 was comparable to that exerted by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor against MA insult. Consistently, GPx-1 overexpression significantly attenuated MA dopaminergic toxicity in mice. PDTC did not significantly impact the protective effect of GPx-1 overexpression, suggesting that interaction between NF-κB and GPx-1 is critical for dopaminergic protection. Thus, NF-κB is a potential therapeutic target for GPx-1-mediated dopaminergic protective activity. This study for the first time demonstrated that Ad-GPx-1 rescued dopaminergic toxicity in vivo following MA insult. Furthermore, GPx-1-associated therapeutic interventions may be important against dopaminergic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Duc Toan Pham
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Chu Xuan Duong
- Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Guoying Bing
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Medical Center MN208 800 Rose Strees, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Masini D, Plewnia C, Bertho M, Scalbert N, Caggiano V, Fisone G. A Guide to the Generation of a 6-Hydroxydopamine Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease for the Study of Non-Motor Symptoms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060598. [PMID: 34070345 PMCID: PMC8227396 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), a large number of symptoms affecting the peripheral and central nervous system precede, develop in parallel to, the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease. The study of these conditions, which are often refractory to and may even be exacerbated by standard dopamine replacement therapies, relies on the availability of appropriate animal models. Previous work in rodents showed that injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in discrete brain regions reproduces several non-motor comorbidities commonly associated with PD, including cognitive deficits, depression, anxiety, as well as disruption of olfactory discrimination and circadian rhythm. However, the use of 6-OHDA is frequently associated with significant post-surgical mortality. Here, we describe the generation of a mouse model of PD based on bilateral injection of 6-OHDA in the dorsal striatum. We show that the survival rates of males and females subjected to this lesion differ significantly, with a much higher mortality among males, and provide a protocol of enhanced pre- and post-operative care, which nearly eliminates animal loss. We also briefly discuss the utility of this model for the study of non-motor comorbidities of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carina Plewnia
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Maëlle Bertho
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Scalbert
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Vittorio Caggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen L, Ru Q, Xiong Q, Zhou M, Yue K, Wu Y. The Role of Chinese Herbal Therapy in Methamphetamine Abuse and its Induced Psychiatric Symptoms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679905. [PMID: 34040537 PMCID: PMC8143530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated intake of methamphetamine (METH) leads to drug addiction, the inability to control intake, and strong drug cravings. It is also likely to cause psychiatric impairments, such as cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety. Because the specific neurobiological mechanisms involved are complex and have not been fully and systematically elucidated, there is no established pharmacotherapy for METH abuse. Studies have found that a variety of Chinese herbal medicines have significant therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms and have the advantage of multitarget comprehensive treatment. We conducted a systematic review, from neurobiological mechanisms to candidate Chinese herbal medicines, hoping to provide new perspectives and ideas for the prevention and treatment of METH abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chung H, Lee J, Kim J, Roh E, Lee YB, Hong SH, Yu J, Kim N, Yoo H, Seo J, Kim S, Kim N, Baik S, Choi K. Fasting plasma glucose variability in midlife and risk of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide population-based study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 47:101195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Torres DJ, Yorgason JT, Mitchell CC, Hagiwara A, Andres MA, Kurokawa S, Steffensen SC, Bellinger FP. Selenoprotein P Modulates Methamphetamine Enhancement of Vesicular Dopamine Release in Mouse Nucleus Accumbens Via Dopamine D2 Receptors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:631825. [PMID: 33927588 PMCID: PMC8076559 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.631825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission plays a critical role in processing rewarding and pleasurable stimuli. Increased synaptic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central component of the physiological effects of drugs of abuse. The essential trace element selenium mitigates methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Selenium can also alter DA production and turnover. However, studies have not directly addressed the role of selenium in DA neurotransmission. Selenoprotein P (SELENOP1) requires selenium for synthesis and transports selenium to the brain, in addition to performing other functions. We investigated whether SELENOP1 directly impacts (1) DA signaling and (2) the dopaminergic response to methamphetamine. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to investigate DA transmission and the response to methamphetamine in NAc slices from C57/BL6J SELENOP1 KO mice. Recordings from SELENOP1 KO mouse slices revealed reduced levels of evoked DA release and slower DA uptake rates. Methamphetamine caused a dramatic increase in vesicular DA release in SELENOP1 KO mice not observed in wild-type controls. This elevated response was attenuated by SELENOP1 application through a selenium-independent mechanism involving SELENOP1-apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) interaction to promote dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) function. In wild-type mice, increased vesicular DA release in response to methamphetamine was revealed by blocking D2R activation, indicating that the receptor suppresses the methamphetamine-induced vesicular increase. Our data provide evidence of a direct physiological role for SELENOP1 in the dopaminergic response to methamphetamine and suggest a signaling role for the protein in DA transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jordan T Yorgason
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Catherine C Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ayaka Hagiwara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Marilou A Andres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | | | - Scott C Steffensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Frederick P Bellinger
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Administration of N-acetylcysteine Plus Acetylsalicylic Acid Markedly Inhibits Nicotine Reinstatement Following Chronic Oral Nicotine Intake in Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:617418. [PMID: 33633548 PMCID: PMC7902020 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.617418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is the major addictive component of cigarette smoke and the prime culprit of the failure to quit smoking. Common elements perpetuating the use of addictive drugs are (i) cues associated with the setting in which drug was used and (ii) relapse/reinstatement mediated by an increased glutamatergic tone (iii) associated with drug-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Aims The present study assessed the effect of the coadministration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus the anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on oral nicotine reinstatement intake following a post-deprivation re-access in female rats that had chronically and voluntarily consumed a nicotine solution orally. The nicotine-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and its effects on the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and XCT mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex were also analyzed. Results The oral coadministration of NAC (40 mg/kg/day) and ASA (15 mg/kg/day) inhibited by 85% of the oral nicotine reinstatement intake compared to control (vehicle), showing an additive effect of both drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid and N-acetylcysteine normalized hippocampal oxidative stress and blunted the hippocampal neuroinflammation observed upon oral nicotine reinstatement. Nicotine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, an effect reversed by N-acetylcysteine, while acetylsalicylic acid reversed the nicotine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 gene expression. The inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on chronic nicotine intake was blocked by the administration of sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of the xCT transporter. Conclusion Nicotine reinstatement, following post-deprivation of chronic oral nicotine intake, downregulates the mRNA levels of GLT-1 and xCT transporters, an effect reversed by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and acetylsalicylic acid, leading to a marked inhibition of nicotine intake. The combination of these drugs may constitute a valuable adjunct in the treatment of nicotine-dependent behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beneficial Effect of Melatonin on Motor and Memory Disturbances in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:702-712. [PMID: 33403591 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown a link between neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), and melatonin. The data in the literature about the impact of the hormone under different experimental PD conditions are quite controversial, and its effect on memory impairment in the disease is very poorly explored. The current research was aimed at investigating the role of melatonin pretreatment on memory and motor behavior in healthy rats and those with the partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD. All rodents were pretreated with melatonin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 5 days. At 24 h and 7 days after the first treatment for healthy rats, and at the second and third week post-lesion for those with PD, the animals were tested behaviorally (apomorphine-induced rotations, rotarod, and passive avoidance tests). The neurochemical levels of dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (Sero) in the brain were also determined. The results showed that in healthy animals, melatonin pretreatment had amnestic and motor-suppressive effects and did not change the levels of measured brain neurotransmitters. In animals with PD, melatonin pretreatment exerted a neuroprotective effect, manifested as a significantly decreased number of apomorphine-induced rotations, reduced number of falls in the rotarod test, and improved memory performance. The brain DA and ACh concentrations in the same animals were restored to the control levels, and those of NA and Sero did not change. Our results demonstrate a beneficial effect of melatonin on memory and motor disturbance in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.
Collapse
|
37
|
Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111297. [PMID: 33198269 PMCID: PMC7697917 DOI: 10.3390/v12111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both substance use disorder and HIV infection continue to affect many individuals. Both have untoward effects on the brain, and the two conditions often co-exist. In the brain, macrophages and microglia are infectable by HIV, and these cells are also targets for the effects of drugs of abuse, such as the psychostimulant methamphetamine. To determine the interaction of HIV and methamphetamine, we isolated microglia and brain macrophages from SIV-infected rhesus monkeys that were treated with or without methamphetamine. Cells were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing and results were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analysis. In the animals treated with methamphetamine, a significantly increased proportion of the microglia and/or macrophages were infected by SIV. In addition, gene encoding functions in cell death pathways were increased, and the brain-derived neurotropic factor pathway was inhibited. The gene expression patterns in infected cells did not cluster separately from uninfected cells, but clusters comprised of microglia and/or macrophages from methamphetamine-treated animals differed in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathways from those comprised of cells from untreated animals. Methamphetamine increases CNS infection by SIV and has adverse effects on both infected and uninfected microglia and brain macrophages, highlighting the dual and interacting harms of HIV infection and drug abuse on the brain.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mai HN, Pham DT, Chung YH, Sharma N, Cheong JH, Yun J, Nah SY, Jeong JH, Gen Lei X, Shin EJ, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Glutathione peroxidase-1 knockout potentiates behavioral sensitization induced by cocaine in mice via σ-1 receptor-mediated ERK signaling: A comparison with the case of glutathione peroxidase-1 overexpressing transgenic mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:107-120. [PMID: 32822804 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that the gene of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), a major antioxidant enzyme, is a potential protectant against the neurotoxicity and conditioned place preference induced by cocaine. Because the sigma (σ)-1 receptor is implicated in cocaine-induced drug dependence, we investigated whether the GPx-1 gene modulates the σ-1 receptor in the behavioral sensitization induced by cocaine. Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization was more pronounced in GPx-1 knockout (KO) than wild-type (WT) mice and was less pronounced in GPx-1 overexpressing transgenic (GPx-1 TG) than non-TG mice. Cocaine treatment significantly enhanced the oxidative burden and reduced the GSH levels in the striatum of WT, GPx-1 KO, and non-TG mice but not in that of GPx-1 TG mice. In addition, cocaine significantly increased the nuclear translocation, its DNA binding activity of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the mRNA expression of γ-glutamylcysteine (GCL). The genetic depletion of GPx-1 inhibited the Nrf2-related glutathione system, whereas the genetic overexpression of GPx-1 activated this system against behavioral sensitization. BD1047, a σ-1 receptor antagonist, and U0126, an ERK inhibitor significantly induced the Nrf2-related antioxidant potential against behavioral sensitization. Unlike BD1047, U0126 did not affect the cocaine-induced σ-1 receptor immunoreactivity, suggesting that the σ-1 receptor is an upstream molecule for ERK signaling. Importantly, BD1047 and U0126 failed to affect the σ-1 receptor immunoreactivity and ERK phosphorylation induced by cocaine in GPx-1 TG mice. Our results suggest that GPx-1 is a critical mediator for the attenuation of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization via modulating σ-1 receptor-mediated ERK activation by the induction of the Nrf2-related system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nhu Mai
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Duc Toan Pham
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dwir D, Giangreco B, Xin L, Tenenbaum L, Cabungcal JH, Steullet P, Goupil A, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Chtarto A, Baumann PS, Klauser P, Conus P, Tirouvanziam R, Cuenod M, Do KQ. MMP9/RAGE pathway overactivation mediates redox dysregulation and neuroinflammation, leading to inhibitory/excitatory imbalance: a reverse translation study in schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2889-2904. [PMID: 30911107 PMCID: PMC7577857 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various mechanisms involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology, such as dopamine dysregulation, glutamate/NMDA receptor dysfunction, neuroinflammation or redox imbalance, all appear to converge towards an oxidative stress "hub" affecting parvalbumine interneurones (PVI) and their perineuronal nets (PNN) (Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2:258-70); (Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17:125-34). We aim to investigate underlying mechanisms linking oxidative stress with neuroinflammatory and their long-lasting harmful consequences. In a transgenic mouse of redox dysregulation carrying a permanent deficit of glutathione synthesis (gclm-/-), the anterior cingulate cortex presented early in the development increased oxidative stress which was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:3721-8). This oxidative stress induced microglia activation and redox-sensitive matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) stimulation, leading to the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) shedding into soluble and nuclear forms, and subsequently to nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation and secretion of various cytokines. Blocking MMP9 activation prevented this sequence of alterations and rescued the normal maturation of PVI/PNN, even if performed after an additional insult that exacerbated the long term PVI/PNN impairments. MMP9 inhibition thus appears to be able to interrupt the vicious circle that maintains the long-lasting deleterious effects of the reciprocal interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, impacting on PVI/PNN integrity. Translation of these experimental findings to first episode patients revealed an increase in plasma soluble RAGE relative to healthy controls. This increase was associated with low prefrontal GABA levels, potentially predicting a central inhibitory/excitatory imbalance linked to RAGE shedding. This study paves the way for mechanistically related biomarkers needed for early intervention and MMP9/RAGE pathway modulation may lead to promising drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Basilio Giangreco
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Goupil
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdelwahed Chtarto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Hospital, 22, route de Lennik, B-1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Cuenod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu J, Li Y, Chen S, Lin Y, Lai H, Chen B, Chen T. Biomedical Application of Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Nanocarriers in Cancer, Inflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Chem 2020; 8:838. [PMID: 33062637 PMCID: PMC7530259 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, are accompanied by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This makes ROS vital flagging molecules in disease pathology. ROS-responsive drug delivery platforms have been developed. Nanotechnology has been broadly applied in the field of biomedicine leading to the progress of ROS-responsive nanoparticles. In this review, we focused on the production and physiological/pathophysiological impact of ROS. Particular emphasis is put on the mechanisms and effects of abnormal ROS levels on oxidative stress diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we summarized the potential biomedical applications of ROS-responsive nanocarriers in these oxidative stress diseases. We provide insights that will help in the designing of new ROS-responsive nanocarriers for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinggong Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongpeng Lin
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiang Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolai Chen
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Subu R, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Compulsive methamphetamine taking induces autophagic and apoptotic markers in the rat dorsal striatum. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3515-3526. [PMID: 32676729 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MUD) is often accompanied by psychotic symptoms, cognitive deficits, and pathological changes in the brains of users. Animals that experimenters injected with drugs also show neurodegenerative changes in their brains. Recently, we have been investigating METH-induced molecular and biochemical consequences in animals that had infused themselves with METH using the drug self-administration (SA) paradigm. In that model, footshocks administered contingently help to separate rats that had already escalated their METH intake into resilient-to-drug (shock-sensitive, SS) or compulsive (shock-resistant, SR) METH takers. Herein, we used that model to test the idea that compulsive METH takers might show evidence of drug-induced autophagic changes in their brains. There were significant increases in mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes including Atg2a, Atg5, Atg14, and Atg16L1 in the rat dorsal striatum. Levels of two autophagy biomarkers, autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) and phospho-Beclin1, were also increased. In addition, we found increased p53 but decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, the expression of cleaved initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-6 was higher in compulsive METH takers in comparison to shock-sensitive rats. When taken together, these results suggest that the striata of rats that had escalated and continue to take METH compulsively the presence of adverse consequences exhibit some pathological changes similar to those reported in post-mortem human striatal tissues. These results provide supporting evidence that compulsive METH taking is neurotoxic. Our observations also support the notion of developing neuro-regenerative agents to add to the therapeutic armamentarium against METH addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Subu
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pan AL, Hasalliu E, Hasalliu M, Angulo JA. Epigallocatechin Gallate Mitigates the Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal Dopamine Terminal Toxicity by Preventing Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Brain. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:883-892. [PMID: 32080803 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a popular psychostimulant due to its long-lasting effects and inexpensive production. METH intoxication is known to increase oxidative stress leading to neuronal damage. Thus, preventing the METH-induced oxidative stress can potentially mitigate neuronal damage. Previously, our laboratory found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a strong antioxidant found in green tea, can protect against the METH-induced apoptosis and dopamine terminal toxicity in the striatum of mice. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative properties of EGCG on the METH-induced oxidative stress using CD-1 mice. First, we demonstrated that mice pretreated with EGCG 30 min prior to the METH injection (30 mg/kg, ip) showed protection against the striatal METH-induced reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase without mitigating hyperthermia. In addition, injecting a single high dose of METH caused the reduction of striatal glutathione peroxidase activity at 24 h after the METH injection. Interestingly, pretreatment with EGCG 30 min prior to the METH injection prevented the METH-induced reduction of glutathione peroxidase activity. Moreover, we utilized Western blots to quantify the glutathione peroxidase 4 protein level in the striatum. The results showed that METH decreased striatal glutathione peroxidase 4 protein level, and the reduction was prevented by EGCG pretreatment. Finally, we observed that the METH-induced increase of striatal catalase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase protein levels were also attenuated by pretreatment with EGCG. Taken together, our data indicate that EGCG is an effective agent that can be used to mitigate the METH-induced striatal toxicity in the mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen L Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Biochemistry Program, the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ermal Hasalliu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Manjola Hasalliu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jesus A Angulo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Biochemistry Program, the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tancheva LP, Lazarova MI, Alexandrova AV, Dragomanova ST, Nicoletti F, Tzvetanova ER, Hodzhev YK, Kalfin RE, Miteva SA, Mazzon E, Tzvetkov NT, Atanasov AG. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Three Natural Antioxidants on a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010049. [PMID: 31935828 PMCID: PMC7022962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the neuroprotective action of three natural bio-antioxidants (AOs): ellagic acid (EA), α-lipoic acid (LA), and myrtenal (Myrt) in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that was induced in male Wistar rats through an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The animals were divided into five groups: the sham-operated (SO) control group; striatal 6-OHDA-lesioned control group; and three groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats pre-treated for five days with EA, LA, and Myrt (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally- i.p.), respectively. On the 2nd and the 3rd week post lesion, the animals were subjected to several behavioral tests: apomorphine-induced rotation; rotarod; and the passive avoidance test. Biochemical evaluation included assessment of main oxidative stress parameters as well as dopamine (DA) levels in brain homogenates. The results showed that all three test compounds improved learning and memory performance as well as neuromuscular coordination. Biochemical assays showed that all three compounds substantially decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and restored catalase (CAT) activity and DA levels that were impaired by the challenge with 6-OHDA. Based on these results, we can conclude that the studied AOs demonstrate properties that are consistent with significant antiparkinsonian effects. The most powerful neuroprotective effect was observed with Myrt, and this work represents the first demonstration of its anti-Parkinsonian impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka P. Tancheva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.T.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +359-2979-2175 (L.P.T.); +48-227-367-022 (A.G.A.)
| | - Maria I. Lazarova
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Albena V. Alexandrova
- Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (A.V.A.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Stela T. Dragomanova
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Elina R. Tzvetanova
- Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (A.V.A.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Yordan K. Hodzhev
- Department of Sensory Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;
| | - Reni E. Kalfin
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Simona A. Miteva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (L.P.T.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +359-2979-2175 (L.P.T.); +48-227-367-022 (A.G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hirata Y, Ito Y, Takashima M, Yagyu K, Oh-hashi K, Suzuki H, Ono K, Furuta K, Sawada M. Novel Oxindole-Curcumin Hybrid Compound for Antioxidative Stress and Neuroprotection. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:76-85. [PMID: 31799835 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The oxindole compound GIF-2165X-G1 is a hybrid molecule composed of the oxindole skeleton of the neuroprotective compound GIF-0726-r and the polyphenolic skeleton of the antioxidant curcumin. We previously reported that novel oxindole derivatives such as GIF-0726-r and GIF-2165X-G1 prevent endogenous oxidative stress-induced cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. In this study, we present a detailed investigation of the effect of GIF-2165X-G1 on endogenous oxidative stress in HT22 cells in comparison with GIF-0726-r and curcumin. GIF-2165X-G1 exhibited more potent neuroprotective activity than GIF-0726-r or curcumin and had less cytotoxicity than that observed with curcumin. Both GIF-0726-r and GIF-2165X-G1 were found to have ferrous ion chelating activity similar to that exhibited by curcumin. GIF-2165 X-G1 and curcumin induced comparable antioxidant response element transcriptional activity. Although the induction of heme oxygenase-1, an antioxidant response element-regulated gene product, was much stronger in curcumin-treated cells than in GIF-2165X-G1-treated cells, it turned out that the induction of heme oxygenase-1 is dispensable for neuroprotection. These results demonstrate that the introduction of the polyphenol skeleton of curcumin to the oxindole GIF-0726-r improves neuroprotective features. Furthermore, intrastriatal injection of GIF-2165X-G1 alleviated apomorphine-induced rotation and prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss in a 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's diseases. Collectively, our novel findings indicate that the novel oxindole compound GIF-2165X-G1 serves to delay the progression of Parkinson's disease by suppressing oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
45
|
Lu S, Liao L, Zhang B, Yan W, Chen L, Yan H, Guo L, Lu S, Xiong K, Yan J. Antioxidant cascades confer neuroprotection in ethanol, morphine, and methamphetamine preconditioning. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
46
|
Garcia RCT, Torres LL, Dati LMM, Loureiro APDM, Afeche SC, Sandoval MRL, Marcourakis T. Anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME), a cocaine pyrolysis product, impairs glutathione-related enzymes response and increases lipid peroxidation in the hippocampal cell culture. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1223-1229. [PMID: 31768333 PMCID: PMC6872858 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AEME and cocaine decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h of exposure. AEME and cocaine increased MDA after 48 h of exposure. AEME-cocaine combination decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h. AEME-cocaine combination showed an additive effect on MDA after 48 h of exposure. A higher neurotoxic effect after crack cocaine use is suggested.
Crack cocaine smokers inhale, alongside with cocaine, its pyrolysis product, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME). We have previously described AEME neurotoxic effect and its additive effect when co-incubated with cocaine. Our aim was to evaluate, the effect of AEME, cocaine and AEME-cocaine combination on glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities after 3 and 6 h of exposure, periods previous to neuronal death. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated through malonaldehyde (MDA) levels at 3, 6, 24 and 48 h of exposure. All treated groups reduced neuronal viability after 24 h of exposure. AEME and cocaine decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h, with an increase in MDA levels after 48 h. AEME-cocaine combination decreased the enzymes activities after 3 and 6 h, showing an additive effect in MDA levels after 48 h. These data show that the glutathione-related enzymes imbalance caused by AEME, cocaine or AEME-cocaine combination exposure preceded neuronal death and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the additive effect on lipid peroxidation observed with AEME-cocaine exposure after 48 h, suggest a higher neurotoxic effect after crack cocaine use when compared to cocaine alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 1° andar, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lobo Torres
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Livia Mendonça Munhoz Dati
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange Castro Afeche
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
King N, Floren S, Kharas N, Thomas M, Dafny N. Glutaminergic signaling in the caudate nucleus is required for behavioral sensitization to methylphenidate. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 184:172737. [PMID: 31228508 PMCID: PMC6692216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPD) is a widely prescribed psychostimulant for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and is growing in use as a recreational drug and academic enhancer. MPD acts on the reward/motive and motor circuits of the CNS to produce its effects on behavior. The caudate nucleus (CN) is known to be a part of these circuits, so a lesion study was designed to elucidate the role of the CN in response to acute and chronic MPD exposure. Five groups of n = 8 rats were used: control, sham CN lesions, non-specific electrolytic CN lesions, dopaminergic-specific (6-OHDA toxin) CN lesion, and glutaminergic-specific (ibotenic acid toxin) CN lesions. On experimental day (ED) 1, all groups received saline injections. On ED 2, surgeries took place, followed by a 5-day recovery period (ED 3-7). Groups then received six daily MPD 2.5 mg/kg injections (ED 9-14), then three days of washout with no injection (ED 15-17), followed by a re-challenge with the previous 2.5 mg/kg MPD dose (ED 18). Locomotive activity was recorded for 60 min after each injection by a computerized animal activity monitor. The electrolytic CN lesion group responded to the MPD acute and chronic exposures similarly to the control and sham groups, showing an increase in locomotive activity, i.e. sensitization. The dopaminergic-specific CN lesion group failed to respond to MPD exposure both acute and chronically. The glutaminergic-specific CN lesion group responded to MPD exposure acutely but failed to manifest chronic effects. This confirms the CN's dopaminergic system is necessary for MPD to manifest its acute and chronic effects on behavior, and demonstrates that the CN's glutaminergic system is necessary for the chronic effects of MPD such as sensitization. Thus, the dopaminergic and glutaminergic components of the CN play a significant role in differentially modulating the acute and chronic effects of MPD respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas King
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Samuel Floren
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Natasha Kharas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ming Thomas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Nachum Dafny
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shi X, Swanson TL, Miner NB, Eshleman AJ, Janowsky A. Activation of Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Stimulates an Antiapoptotic Signal Cascade via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:493-504. [PMID: 31409621 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is highly addictive and neurotoxic, causing cell death in humans and in rodent models. MA, along with many of its analogs, is an agonist at the G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that TAAR1 plays a role in regulating MA-induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms involved in TAAR1's role in neurotoxicity and cell death have not been described in detail. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis pathway in Taar1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice and in cells expressing the recombinant receptor. Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, was upregulated ∼3-fold in the midbrain area (substantial nigra and ventral tegmental area) in Taar1 KO compared with WT mice, and MA significantly increased Bcl-2 expression in WT mice but decreased Bcl-2 expression in KO mice. The proapoptotic protein Bax did not differ across genotype or in response to MA. Bcl-2 expression was significantly upregulated by the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 ((S)-4-[(ethyl-phenyl-amino)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylamine) in cells expressing the recombinant mouse TAAR1. Additionally, activation of TAAR1 by RO5166017 increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and protein kinase B (AKT), but only inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation prevented TAAR1-induced increases in Bcl-2 levels, indicating that TAAR1 activation increases Bcl-2 through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway. All changes to ERK1/2 pathway intermediates were blocked by the TAAR1 antagonist, N-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide. These findings suggest that TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced cell apoptosis and TAAR1 may play a role in cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Methamphetamine stimulates TAAR1, a G protein-coupled receptor. The role and mechanisms for TAAR1 in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity are not known. Here, we report that, in genetic mouse models and cells expressing the recombinant receptor, TAAR1 activates the ERK1/2 pathway but not the AKT pathway to upregulate the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which protects cells from drug-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nicholas B Miner
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miner NB, Phillips TJ, Janowsky A. The Role of Biogenic Amine Transporters in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Regulation of Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:36-44. [PMID: 31320495 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) impairs vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) function and expression, increasing intracellular DA levels that lead to neurotoxicity. The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is activated by MA, but when the receptor is not activated, MA-induced neurotoxicity is increased. To investigate interactions among TAAR1, VMAT2, and DAT, transporter function and expression were measured in transgenic Taar1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice 24 hours following a binge-like regimen (four intraperitoneal injections, 2 hours apart) of MA (5 mg/kg) or the same schedule of saline treatment. Striatal synaptosomes were separated by fractionation to examine the function and expression of VMAT2 localized to cytosolic and membrane-associated vesicles. DAT was measured in whole synaptosomes. VMAT2-mediated [3H]DA uptake inhibition was increased in Taar1 KO mice in synaptosomal and vesicular fractions, but not the membrane-associated fraction, compared with Taar1 WT mice. There was no difference in [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding to the VMAT2 or [125I]RTI-55 binding to the DAT between genotypes, indicating activation of TAAR1 does not affect VMAT2 or DAT expression. There was also no difference between Taar1 WT and KO mice in DAT-mediated [3H]DA uptake inhibition following in vitro treatment with MA. These findings provide the first evidence of a TAAR1-VMAT2 interaction, as activation of TAAR1 mitigated MA-induced impairment of VMAT2 function, independently of change in VMAT2 expression. Additionally, the interaction is localized to intracellular VMAT2 on cytosolic vesicles and did not affect expression or function of DAT in synaptosomes or VMAT2 at the plasmalemmal surface, i.e., on membrane-associated vesicles. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Methamphetamine stimulates the G protein-coupled receptor TAAR1 to affect dopaminergic function and neurotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that a functional TAAR1 protects a specific subcellular fraction of VMAT2, but not the dopamine transporter, from methamphetamine-induced effects, suggesting new directions in pharmacotherapeutic development for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Miner
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (N.B.M., T.J.P., A.J.); and Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., T.J.P., A.J.) and Psychiatry (A.J.), and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (T.J.P., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tamara J Phillips
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (N.B.M., T.J.P., A.J.); and Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., T.J.P., A.J.) and Psychiatry (A.J.), and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (T.J.P., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (N.B.M., T.J.P., A.J.); and Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., T.J.P., A.J.) and Psychiatry (A.J.), and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (T.J.P., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wakamatsu K, Nakao K, Tanaka H, Kitahori Y, Tanaka Y, Ojika M, Ito S. The Oxidative Pathway to Dopamine-Protein Conjugates and Their Pro-Oxidant Activities: Implications for the Neurodegeneration of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102575. [PMID: 31130632 PMCID: PMC6567298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin (NM) is a dark brown pigment found in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and in norepinephrinergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC). Although NM is thought to be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) because its content decreases in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD, details are still unknown. In this study, we characterized the biosynthetic pathway of the oxidation of dopamine (DA) by tyrosinase in the presence of thiol peptides and proteins using spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods and we assessed the binding of DA via cysteine residues in proteins by oxidation catalyzed by redox-active metal ions. To examine whether the protein-bound DA conjugates exhibit pro-oxidant activities, we measured the depletion of glutathione (GSH) with the concomitant production of hydrogen peroxide. The results suggest that the fate of protein-bound DA conjugates depends on the structural features of the proteins and that DA-protein conjugates produced in the brain possess pro-oxidant activities, which may cause neurodegeneration due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kenta Nakao
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kitahori
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yui Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|