1
|
Zhang RD, Jiang SQ, Yan FJ, Ruan L, Zhang CT, Quan XQ. The association of prealbumin, transferrin, and albumin with immunosenescence among elderly males. Aging Male 2024; 27:2310308. [PMID: 38317318 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2310308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As people get older, the innate and acquired immunity of the elderly are affected, resulting in immunosenescence. Prealbumin (PAB), transferrin (TRF), and albumin (ALB) are commonly used markers to monitor protein energy malnutrition (PEM). However, their relationship with the immune system has not been fully explored. METHODS In our study, a total of 93 subjects (≥65 years) were recruited from Tongji Hospital between January 2015 and February 2017. According to the serum levels of these proteins (PAB, TRF, and ALB), we divided the patients into the high serum protein group and the low serum protein group. Then, we compared the percent expression of lymphocyte subsets between two groups. RESULTS All the low serum protein groups (PAB, TRF, and ALB) had significant decreases in the percentage of CD4+ cells, CD3+CD28+ cells, CD4+CD28+ cells and significant increases in the percentage of CD8+ cells, CD8+CD28- cells. PAB, TRF, and ALB levels revealed positive correlations with CD4/CD8 ratio, proportions of CD4+ cells, CD3+CD28+ cells, CD4+CD28+ cells, and negative correlation with proportions of CD8+ cells, CD8+CD28- cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested PAB, TRF, and ALB could be used as immunosenescence indicators. PEM might accelerate the process of immunosenescence in elderly males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Dan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shi-Qin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Feng-Juan Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cun-Tai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kujawowicz K, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sirtuin 1 as a potential biomarker of undernutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37229564 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition and inflammatory processes are predictors of early mortality in the elderly and require a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Currently, there are laboratory markers for assessing nutritional status, but new markers are still being sought. Recent studies suggest that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has the potential to be a marker for undernutrition. This article summarizes available studies on the association of SIRT1 and undernutrition in older people. Possible associations between SIRT1 and the aging process, inflammation, and undernutrition in the elderly have been described. The literature suggests that low SIRT1 levels in the blood of older people may not be associated with physiological aging processes, but with an increased risk of severe undernutrition associated with inflammation and systemic metabolic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kujawowicz
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prakash PK, Lakshmi A J. Effect of milk protein hydrolysate supplementation on protein energy malnutrition-induced gut dysbiosis. Food Funct 2022; 13:10305-10319. [PMID: 36125286 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dairy proteins in the diet are beneficial for the growth of probiotics; however, what is unknown is the gut-mediated immune responses under protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and if dairy protein hydrolysates can be effective as dietary interventions. This study compares the composition of the gut microbiota of rats with moderate protein deficiency (M.PEM) and severe protein deficiency (S.PEM) induced by feeding 5% and 1% hypoprotein diets, followed by replenishment with buffalo and whey protein hydrolysates. Fecal samples were collected, and the composition of the gut bacteria was analyzed by whole genome sequencing using long-read sequencing. Gene expression studies of the immunomodulatory cytokines involved and quantification of sIgA were carried out. IL-6 and IFN-γ were downregulated by about 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.12 ± 0.10 fold when supplemented with whey protein hydrolysate in SP-RWC rats and by about 0.02 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.12 fold when using buffalo milk hydrolysate. The percentage of Firmicutes decreased in M.PEM and S.PEM rats (33.57%, 28.83 versus 47.73% of control at 3 weeks) but increased upon protein replenishment for all three protein sources at the end of nine weeks. The percentage of Bacteroidetes increased to 31.03% in S.PEM-induced rats as against 28.17% in control rats. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. decreased in M.PEM and S.PEM rats while it showed the opposite effect upon protein replenishment. Gut microbiota modulated the pathogenesis of PEM differentially based on protein intervention along with a significant increase in the relative abundance of the keystone Lactobacillus genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Prakash
- Protein Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India. .,Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, India
| | - Jyothi Lakshmi A
- Protein Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang KP, Wong CP, Khanna SK, Bray TM. Supplementation of Ocean-Based Advance Protein Powder (APP) for Restoration of Body Growth, Bone Development and Immune Functions in Protein Malnourished Mice: Implications for Preventing Child Malnutrition. Ecol Food Nutr 2020; 59:552-574. [PMID: 32364411 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1754811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Child malnutrition is a global public health challenge. A protein malnutrition (PM) model in young mice was established in this study. The efficacy of an ocean-based protein (APP) extracted from by-catch fish as compared to casein and soy on restoring body weight, bone growth, and immunity of PM mice was evaluated. Results show that supplementation of APP increases body weight, lean muscle mass, bone area, mineral content and density. APP supplementation increases spleen, thymus weight, and interlukin-6 production. In conclusion, APP is an alternative source of protein to effectively restore body weight, bone growth and immune function of PM mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Yang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sunil K Khanna
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Center for Global Health, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Tammy M Bray
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Center for Global Health, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cózar A, Ramos-Martínez A, Merino E, Martínez-García C, Shaw E, Marrodán T, Calbo E, Bereciartúa E, Sánchez-Muñoz LA, Salavert M, Pérez-Rodríguez MT, García D, Bravo-Ferrer JM, Gálvez-Acebal J, Henríquez C, Cuquet J, Gil-Campesino H, Torres L, Sánchez-Porto A, Royuela A, Cobo J. High delayed mortality after the first episode of Clostridium difficile infection. Anaerobe 2019; 57:93-98. [PMID: 30959165 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is characterized by a high delayed and unrelated mortality. Predicting delayed mortality in CDI patients could allow the implementation of interventions that could reduce these events. A prospective multicentric study was carried out to investigate prognostic factors associated with mortality. It was based on a cohort (July 2015 to February 2016) of 295 patients presenting with CDI. Logistic regression was used and the model was calibrated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The mortality rate at 75 days in our series was 18%. Age (>65 years), comorbidity (defined by heart failure, diabetes mellitus with any organ lesion, renal failure, active neoplasia or immunosuppression) and fecal incontinence at clinical presentation were associated with delayed (75-day) mortality. When present, each of the aforementioned variables added one point to the score. Mortalities with 0, 1, 2 and 3 points were 0%, 9.4%, 18.5% and 38.2%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.743, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p value was 0.875. Therefore, the prediction of high delayed mortality in CDI patients by our scoring system could promote measures for increasing survival in suitable cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cózar
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Antonio Ramos-Martínez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Evelyn Shaw
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Epidemiologia de Les Infeccions Bacterianes, Patologia Infecciosa I Transplantament, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Spain.
| | | | - Esther Calbo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Control de La Infección, Hospital Universitario Mútua Terrasssa, Spain.
| | - Elena Bereciartúa
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Spain.
| | - Luis A Sánchez-Muñoz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Salavert
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (Valencia), Spain.
| | - M Teresa Pérez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa (Servicio de Medicina Interna), Complejo Universitario de Vigo, Spain.
| | - Dácil García
- Sección de Infecciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain.
| | | | - Juan Gálvez-Acebal
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - César Henríquez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Fundación Alcorcón, Spain.
| | - Jordi Cuquet
- Proceso de Infecciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Granollers, Spain.
| | - Helena Gil-Campesino
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria. Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Luis Torres
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital San Jorge de Huesca, Spain.
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Porto
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital SAS, La Línea (La Línea de La Concepción), Spain.
| | - Ana Royuela
- Servicio de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Javier Cobo
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bahwere P, James P, Abdissa A, Getu Y, Getnet Y, Sadler K, Girma T. Use of tuberculin skin test for assessment of immune recovery among previously malnourished children in Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:570. [PMID: 29115985 PMCID: PMC5688824 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare levels of immunity in children recovering from severe acute malnutrition (cases) against those of community controls (controls). RESULTS At baseline children recovering from severe acute malnutrition had lower, mid upper arm circumference (122 mm for cases and 135 mm for controls; p < 0.001), weight-for-height Z-score (- 1.0 for cases and - 0.5 for controls; p < 0.001), weight-for-age Z-score (- 2.8 for cases and - 1.1 for controls; p < 0.001) and height/length-for-age Z-score (- 3.6 for cases and - 1.4 for controls; p < 0.001), than controls. Age and gender matched community controls. At baseline, prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test, assessed by cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction skin test, was very low in both cases (3/93 = 3.2%) and controls (2/94 = 2.1%) and did not significantly increase at 6 months follow up (6/86 = 7.0% in cases and 3/84 = 3.4% in controls). The incidences of common childhood morbidities, namely fever, diarrhoea and cough, were 1.7-1.8 times higher among cases than controls. In conclusion, these results show that tuberculin skin test does not enable any conclusive statements regarding the immune status of patients following treatment for severe acute malnutrition. The increased incidence of infection in cases compared to controls suggests persistence of lower resistance to infection even after anthropometric recovery is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paluku Bahwere
- Valid International, 35, Leopold Street, Oxford, OX4 1TW UK
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philip James
- Valid International, 35, Leopold Street, Oxford, OX4 1TW UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Yesufe Getu
- Save Children Federation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kate Sadler
- Valid International, 35, Leopold Street, Oxford, OX4 1TW UK
| | - Tsinuel Girma
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nájera-Medina O, Valencia-Chavarría F, Cortés-Bejar C, Palacios-Martínez M, Rodríguez-López CP, González-Torres MC. Infected malnourished children displayed changes in early activation and lymphocyte subpopulations. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1499-1506. [PMID: 28520183 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Malnutrition and infections cause immunological changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and their functionality. We evaluated the activation capacity of lymphocytes and memory cells in 10 well nourished, seven well-nourished infected and eight malnourished infected children before and after treatment. METHODS All the children were patients in Mexico City and were less than three years of age. The expression of various cluster of differentiation (CD) cells was assessed by flow cytometry: CD45RA (naïve) and CD45RO (memory) antigens on CD4 lymphocytes and CD69 in all lymphocytes. RESULTS Well-nourished infected children showed a higher percentage of activated T lymphocyte (T cells), CD8+ and CD4+ memory cells during the infectious phase, suggesting that the activation mechanisms were triggered by infection. T cells from malnourished infected children showed a lower percentage of activated and memory cells. The T cell population size returned to baseline during the resolution phase of the infection in well-nourished infected children, but their T, B lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell counts remained high. In malnourished infected children, activated NK cells counts were low before and after therapy. CONCLUSION After therapy, malnourished infected children showed poor NK cell responses during the infection's resolution phase, suggesting a persistent malnutrition-mediated immunological deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oralia Nájera-Medina
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud; CBS; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Fernando Valencia-Chavarría
- Hospital Materno-Pediátrico Xochimilco de la Secretaria de Salud del Gobierno del Distrito Federal; Xochimilco Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Consuelo Cortés-Bejar
- Hospital Materno-Pediátrico Xochimilco de la Secretaria de Salud del Gobierno del Distrito Federal; Xochimilco Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Monika Palacios-Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal; CBS; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - C. Paulina Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; CBS; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raghuraman S, Donkin I, Versteyhe S, Barrès R, Simar D. The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Inflammation and Immunometabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:782-795. [PMID: 27444065 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research developments have shed light on the risk factors contributing to metabolic complications, implicating both genetic and environmental factors, potentially integrated by epigenetic mechanisms. Distinct epigenetic changes in immune cells are frequently observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and these are associated with alterations in the phenotype, function, and trafficking patterns of these cells. The first step in the development of effective therapeutic strategies is the identification of distinct epigenetic signatures associated with metabolic disorders. In this review we provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms influencing immune cell phenotype and function, summarize current knowledge about epigenetic changes affecting immune functions in the context of metabolic diseases, and discuss the therapeutic options currently available to counteract epigenetically driven metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Raghuraman
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ida Donkin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soetkin Versteyhe
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Simar
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gotardo AT, Dipe VV, Hueza IM, Górniak SL. Maternal feed restriction during pregnancy in Wistar rats: Evaluation of offspring using classical and immunoteratology protocols. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:603-615. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116660750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have revealed that impairment of the pregnant body weight reduces the fetal body weight and causes minor changes in skeletal development. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of maternal feed restriction during pregnancy in offspring immune system development. Pregnant Wistar rats were distributed into 5 groups: 1 control in which dams received food ad libitum and 4 experimental groups in which dams were fed restricted amounts of rodent ration (16, 12, 9, or 6 g/rat/day) from the 6th to 17th gestation day. Teratogenicity was assessed using classical teratological evaluation and developmental immunotoxicology protocols. Maternal body weight gain, fetus weight, and placenta weight were reduced for feed-restricted females from the groups fed 12, 9, and 6 g/rat/day ( p < 0.05). No pup mortality was observed immediately after cesarean sections among the groups, and no visceral or skeletal malformations were detected. An immunoteratological study revealed an increase in the relative weight of the thymus and an increase in the phorbol myristate-acetate solution-induced hydrogen peroxide release by inflammatory cells in 21-day-old pups. Alterations in the delayed-type hypersensitivity response and the humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells were observed in pups from feed-restricted mothers. Feed restriction in Wistar rats during organogenesis did not promote structural malformations but resulted in offspring with lower birth weights and promoted significant changes in the immune responses of the rat pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AT Gotardo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - VV Dipe
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - IM Hueza
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, Brazil
| | - SL Górniak
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simão F, Habekost Oliveira V, Nunes ML. Enhanced susceptibility to seizures modulated by high interleukin‐1β levels during early life malnutrition. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 76:1150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Simão
- Neuroscience LaboratoryBiomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Victória Habekost Oliveira
- Neuroscience LaboratoryBiomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Magda Lahourgue Nunes
- Neuroscience LaboratoryBiomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- School of Medicine and Brain Institute (InsCer)Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moreira PL, Villas Boas PJF, Ferreira ALA. Association between oxidative stress and nutritional status in the elderly. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2015; 60:75-83. [PMID: 24918857 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.60.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a dynamic and progressive process that is characterized by the occurrence of morphological, biochemical, functional and psychological changes in the organism. The aim of the present article is to provide updated concepts on oxidative stress, covering its importance in aging, as well as nutritional status and supplementation with antioxidants (substances that prevent or attenuate oxidation of oxidizable substrates, such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and deoxyribonucleic acid) in the geriatric population. Evidence suggests that there is an inverse relationship between oxidative stress and nutritional status in elderly individuals. Although an increase in oxidative stress in chronic diseases associated with aging has been proven, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, up to now there has been no consistent clinical evidence proving the efficiency of supplementation with antioxidants against oxidative stress. In this context, supplementation is not recommended. On the other hand, the elderly should be encouraged to eat antioxidant foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Maintaining a normal weight (body mass index between 23 and 28 Kg/m(2)) should also be stimulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Lucelia Moreira
- Master?s degree and Doctorate student, Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Jose Fortes Villas Boas
- Professor and Doctor, Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Physician and Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hyacinth HI, Capers PL, Archer DR, Hibbert JM. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4 levels were elevated in a murine model of human sickle cell anemia maintained on a high protein/calorie diet. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:65-70. [PMID: 24281564 PMCID: PMC4164018 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213508357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased frequency and risk of infection is one of the well described complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Dietary supplementation in children with SCA and growth retardation improved growth and decreased incidence of infection. We investigated the impact of a high protein diet on weight gain, hematological profile, and immune cytokine levels in the Berkeley model of SCA, 16 of which were randomized to either regular mouse diet with 20% of calories from protein (n = 8) or a test feed with 35% of calories from protein (n = 8). Control mice (C57BL/6, n = 16) were correspondingly randomized, and were all feed ad libitum for three months with actual intake estimated by subtracting the weight of gnaw waste from that of the feed given. Blood was collected at sacrifice by cardiac puncture and plasma levels of T helper cell 1 (TH1) and TH2 associated cytokines were measured using a multiplex antibody immobilized bead assay. SCA mice receiving the 35% protein diet had modest improvements in weight, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level, with a slight decrease in reticulocyte count compared with SCA mice on the regular mouse diet. Furthermore, they also had significantly higher plasma levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.02), interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.01), interleukin 10 (IL-10; P = 0.02), and IL-4 (P = 0.02) compared with those that received the 20% protein diet. We conclude that providing additional protein calories to transgenic SCA mice increased the plasma levels of acute inflammatory cytokines associated with immune response to infection, which might partly explain decreased episodes of infection observed among supplemented children with SCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 19 Hagood Avenue, Suite 501, Charleston, SC 29407, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Patrice L Capers
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer Center, department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Emory University, NE Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hibbert
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hyacinth HI, Adekeye OA, Yilgwan CS. Malnutrition in Sickle Cell Anemia: Implications for Infection, Growth, and Maturation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2013; 7:10.5590/JSBHS.2013.07.1.02. [PMID: 24312698 PMCID: PMC3848498 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2013.07.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disease that affects mostly individuals of African and/or Hispanic descent, with the majority of cases in sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals with this disease show slowed growth, delayed sexual maturity, and poor immunologic function. These complications could partly be explained by the state of undernutrition associated with the disease. Proposed mechanism of undernutrition include protein hypermetabolism, decreased dietary intake possibly from interleukin-6-related appetite suppression, increased cardiac energy demand/expenditure, and increased red cell turnover. All the above mechanisms manifest as increased resting energy expenditure. Nutritional intervention utilizing single or multiple nutrient supplementation has led to improved clinical outcome, growth, and sexual maturation. Studies are currently underway to determine the best possible approach to applying nutritional intervention in the management of SCA. Management of SCA will, of necessity, involve a nutritional component, given the sociodemographic distribution of those most affected by the disease, the ease of a nutritional approach, and the wider reach that such an approach will embody.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Crepin S, Godet B, Chassain B, Preux PM, Desport JC. Malnutrition and epilepsy: A two-way relationship. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
DiMaria-Ghalili RA. Nutrition Risk Factors in Older Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2008; 23:494-500. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533608323428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
17
|
Crépin S, Godet B, Chassain B, Preux PM, Desport JC. Malnutrition et épilepsie : des liens complexes. NUTR CLIN METAB 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Dumas JF, Simard G, Roussel D, Douay O, Foussard F, Malthiery Y, Ritz P. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in a model of undernutrition induced by dexamethasone. Br J Nutr 2007; 90:969-77. [PMID: 14667190 PMCID: PMC1952694 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2003980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate whether mitochondrial energy metabolism is altered in a model of malnutrition induced by dexamethasone (DEX) treatment (1·5mg/kg per d for 5d). The gastrocnemius and liver mitochondria were isolated from DEX-treated, pair-fed (PF) and control (CON) rats. Body weight was reduced significantly more in the DEX-treated group (−16%) than in the PF group (−9%). DEX treatment increased liver mass (+59%v.PF, +23%v. CON) and decreased gastrocnemius mass. Moreover, in DEX-treated rats, liver mitochondria had an increased rate of non-phosphorylative O2consumption with all substrates (approximately +42%). There was no difference in enzymatic complex activities in liver mitochondria between rat groups. Collectively, these results suggest an increased proton leak and/or redox slipping in the liver mitochondria of DEX-treated rats. In addition, DEX decreased the thermodynamic coupling and efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. We therefore suggest that this increase in the proton leak and/or redox slip in the liver is responsible for the decrease in the thermodynamic efficiency of energy conversion. In contrast, none of the variables of energy metabolism determined in gastrocnemius mitochondria was altered by DEX treatment. Therefore, it appears that DEX specifically affects mitochondrial energy metabolism in the liver.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Undernutrition profoundly affects immune responses, particularly at the extremities of life: in infants and in the elderly. The present review focuses on this interrelationship in the elderly. It describes three different stages of ageing: stage 1, healthy ageing, which is observed in very healthy elderly individuals who have no nutritional deficit; stage 2, common ageing, which is observed in most elderly individuals in whom various micronutrient deficits are found; stage 3, pathological ageing, which is observed in patients with protein–energy deficiency. Stage 1, primary immune ageing, is essentially characterized by changes in T-cell subsets but no change in T-cell function; T-cell function is reduced only in the very elderly (>90 years old). Stage 2, secondary immune ageing, is influenced by micronutrient deficits that may be corrected by providing nutritional supplements. Furthermore, immune responses may also be enhanced by supplementation of subjects who have no micronutrient deficits, indicating that the immune system of elderly individuals is highly susceptible to the influence of micronutrients. In stage 3, tertiary immune ageing, the immune responses are strongly related to the decreased nutritional status. In these patients decreased immune responses lead to long-lasting acute-phase responses, which induce greater use of nutritional reserves during disease and lead to increased frailty. As nutritional status has a marked effect on immune responses in elderly individuals, nutritional therapy should be given to elderly individuals who have nutrient deficits, and perhaps also to individuals who do not have nutrient deficits in order to promote healthy ageing and extend the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lesourd
- EA 2431, Faculté de Médecine, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand and Hôpital Nord du CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 36, 63118 Cébazat, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Okoshi MP, Okoshi K, Matsubara LS, Dal Pai-Silva M, Gut AL, Padovani CR, Dal Pai V, Cicogna AC. Myocardial remodeling and dysfunction are induced by chronic food restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- B Lesourd
- Service de soins de suite et rééducation, hôpital Nord, route de Chateaugay, BP 56, 63118 Cebazat-Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jemaa Y, Lecleire S, Petit A, Déchelotte P. Prise en charge nutritionnelle périopératoire en chirurgie de l'adulte. NUTR CLIN METAB 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
23
|
Bozzetti F. Rationale and indications for preoperative feeding of malnourished surgical cancer patients. Nutrition 2002; 18:953-9. [PMID: 12431717 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bozzetti
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Food restriction-induced myocardial dysfunction demonstrated by the combination of in vivo and in vitro studies. Nutr Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Nájera O, González C, Toledo G, López L, Cortés E, Betancourt M, Ortiz R. CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms in infected malnourished and infected well-nourished children. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 126:461-5. [PMID: 11737063 PMCID: PMC1906241 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if the distribution in vivo of CD4(+)CD45RA(+)/CD45RO(-) (naive), CD4(+)CD45RA(+)/CD45RO(+) (Ddull) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (memory) lymphocytes differs in malnourished infected and well-nourished infected children. The expression of CD45RA (naive) and CD45RO (memory) antigens on CD4(+) lymphocytes was analysed by flow cytometry in a prospectively followed cohort of 15 malnourished infected, 12 well-nourished infected and 10 well-nourished uninfected children. Malnourished infected children showed higher fractions of Ddull cells (11.4 +/- 0.7%) and lower fractions of memory cells (20.3 +/- 1.7%) than the well-nourished infected group (8.8 +/- 0.8 and 28.1 +/- 1.8%, respectively). Well-nourished infected children showed increased percentages of memory cells, an expected response to infection. Impairment of the transition switch to the CD45 isoforms in malnourished children may explain these findings, and may be one of the mechanisms involved in immunodeficiency in these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Nájera
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Coyoacán, México, D. F. México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chambon-Savanovitch C, Felgines C, Walrand S, Raul F, Zarrabian S, Meunier MT, Farges MC, Cynober L, Vasson MP. A pancreatic extract-enriched diet improves the nutritional status of aged rats. J Nutr 2001; 131:813-9. [PMID: 11238764 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.3.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction of the malnourished state, particularly common and severe in elderly people, is often unsuccessful. To improve the efficiency of realimentation, we evaluated the nutritional effect of a pancreatic extract (PE)-enriched diet in malnourished aged rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups as follows: 1 group of control rats had free access to the diet for 12 wk (C group) and 5 groups were 50% food restricted for the same period. One food-restricted group was then killed (R group) and the 4 remaining groups were refed for 1 wk using a standard diet enriched either with two different doses of a pancreatic extract (2.4 or 4.8 g/d in PE1 and PE2 groups, respectively) or with an isonitrogenous casein hydrolysate (CH1 and CH2 groups, respectively). Profound alterations induced by food restriction (FR) were moderately corrected by refeeding, except nitrogen balance, which was reestablished in rats refed all diets (P: < 0.01 vs. R). Supplementation of the food ration with a pancreatic extract clearly improved recovery. Indeed, body weight gain, both jejunal and ileal trophicity [jejunum: total height, PE2: 849 +/- 45 microm vs. CH2: 768 +/- 17 microm (P: < 0.05); protein content, PE2: 69.9 +/- 5.7 mg vs. CH2: 56.4 +/- 4.8 mg (P: < 0.01)] and nonspecific immune response in terms of H2O2 production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages (PE2, 20.7 +/- 4.7 vs. CH2, 8.7 +/- 2.3, P: < 0.05) were improved in rats fed PE2. A pancreatic extract could improve the efficiency of realimentation in malnourished aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chambon-Savanovitch
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Pharmacy School, EA 2416, Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Immune function declines with age, leading to increased infection and cancer rates in aged individuals. In fact, recent progress in the study of immune ageing has introduced the idea that rather than a general decline in the functions of the immune system with age, immune ageing is mainly characterized by a progressive appearance of immune dysregulation throughout life. Changes appear earlier in life for cell-mediated immunity than for humoral immunity. Thus, age-related modifications in cell-mediated immunity, i.e. changes in naive : memory T-cells, mature : immature T-cells, T-helper 1 : T-helper 2 cells are more important in the elderly than changes in humoral immunity, i.e. CD5 : CD5+ cells or length of antibody responses. Such evolution of the immune system has been linked to declining thymus function and to accumulative antigenic influence over the lifespan. In contrast, innate immunity (macrophage functions) is preserved or even increased during the ageing process. This finding shows that the 'primitive' immune system is less affected by the ageing process than the sophisticated specific immune system. The present review focuses on innate and cell-mediated immune changes with ageing. It provides evidence that primary changes (intrinsic modifications in the immune system) and secondary changes (resulting from environmental influences during the lifespan) exert different influences on the immune system. Primary changes, occurring in healthy individuals, seem less important nowadays than they were considered to be previously. For example, interleukin 2 secretion in some very healthy aged individuals is comparable with that in younger adults. Primary immune changes may not explain the increased incidence and severity of infections observed in the elderly population. Secondary immunological changes are far more frequent and are certainly responsible for most of the immune modifications observed in the elderly population. Environmental factors leading to secondary immune dysfunctions include not only antigenic influence, which is a reflection of diseases experienced over the lifespan, but also many other factors such as drug intake, physical activity and diet; factors for which important changes occur in the elderly population. Nutritional factors play a major role in the immune responses of aged individuals and the present review shows that nutritional influences on immune responses are of great consequence in aged individuals, even in the very healthy elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lesourd
- Unité de Médecine Nutritionnelle Gériatrique, Hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry sur Seine, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The present article reviews immune ageing and its relationship with nutritional ageing, with a particular insight into the influences of disease on both ageing processes. Immune ageing can be described primarily as the progressive appearance of immune dysregulations, mainly acquired immunity (mature: immature, naive: memory T lymphocyte subset decreases) leading to gradual increases in T-helper 2: T-helper 1 cells. This change is due initially to decreased thymic function, and later to accumulative antigen pressure over the lifespan. In contrast, innate immunity (macrophage functions) is preserved during the ageing process and in the elderly this leads to macrophage-lymphocyte dysequilibrium, which is particularly critical during on-going disease. Indeed, any disease induces long-lasting acute-phase reactions in aged patients and leads to body nutritional reserve (mainly protein) losses. Episodes of disease in the aged patient progressively deplete body nutritional reserves and lead to protein-energy malnutrition, undernutrition-associated immunodeficiency, and finally cachexia. Undernutrition is a common symptom in the elderly; protein-energy malnutrition is found in more than 50% of hospitalized elderly patients and in most elderly diseased subjects. In addition, micronutrient deficit or low levels are common in home-living self-sufficient apparently-healthy elderly subjects. All these nutritional deficits induce decreased immune responses, and micronutrient deficits are now thought to be partly responsible for the decreased immune responses (immune ageing?) observed in the apparently-healthy elderly. Indeed, several studies have shown that micronutrient supplements induce increased immune responses in the healthy elderly. The progression of infectious diseases depends on immune responses and on nutritional status before the onset of illness in aged subjects. In addition, recovery depends on the intensity of acute-phase responses in the undernourished elderly. In fact, chronic acute-phase responses, commonly associated with diseases in aged patients, lead to progressive lowering of metabolic responses in the undernourished elderly. This can be quantified by increased production of free radicals during treatment and these increases may explain the difficulty in successfully treating aged patients. Nutritive therapy in order to improve metabolic processes and also to maintain body reserves should be considered as a necessary adjuvant therapy in the treatment of elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lesourd
- Unité de Médecine Nutritionnelle Gériatrique, Hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry sur seine, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- B M Lesourd
- Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Hôpital de Valence
| | | | | |
Collapse
|