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Gomes KB, Allotey-Babington GL, D'Sa S, Kang SM, D'Souza MJ. Dendritic cell activation by a micro particulate based system containing the influenza matrix-2 protein virus-like particle (M2e VLP). Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121667. [PMID: 35304243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
M2e VLP was previously described as a vaccine that incorporates the extracellular region of the matrix 2 protein (M2e), which is highly conserved amongst all the strains of influenza. In this study, we analyzed activation status of dendritic cells (DCs) after exposure to M2e VLP, stimulating DCs with M2e VLP and co-culturing the stimulated DCs with T cells to observe innate and adaptive immune responses. The M2e VLP microparticle was prepared by encapsulating into a polymer matrix using the one-step spray drying method. Adjuvants Alhydrogel®, MPL-A® or AddavaxTM were used to enhance the DC stimulatory effects by the M2e VLP microparticle. The M2e VLP microparticle yield was found to be 92% and the encapsulation yield was around 84% with a size of approximately 2.78 μm. There was no short-term cytotoxicity found in DCs and macrophages with concentrations up to 1500 μg/mL of M2e VLP microparticle, however long-term exposure resulted in 25% decrease in viability of cells with concentrations more than or equal to 500 μg/mL. The M2e VLP microparticle vaccine with Alhydrogel® and MPL-A® induced high levels of TNFα in both DCs and macrophages. The high levels of MHC I, II, CD28, B7-1, ICAM-1, LFA-1 expression and IL-12 release in the M2e VLP microparticle group with Alhydrogel® suggests that the M2e VLP vaccine with this adjuvant activated T cells via the Th2 pathway. The increased expression of MHC I, II, CD40, CD154, ICAM-1 and LFA-1 on DCs and the release of IL-12 in the M2e VLP microparticle culture of DCs with MPL-A® demonstrated that the M2e VLP vaccine with this adjuvant activated T cells via the Th1 pathway. The decrease in fluorescence in the Alhydrogel® and MPL-A® group illustrates the proliferation of T cells took place following exposure of DCs to the M2e VLP microparticle with these adjuvants. The M2e VLP microparticle exhibited higher stimulatory responses of DCs than the M2e VLP in suspension. Furthermore, the presence of Alhydrogel® and MPL-A® enhanced the stimulatory effects of DCs by the M2e VLP microparticle (MP) vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Braz Gomes
- Mercer University, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | | | - Sucheta D'Sa
- Mercer University, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Mercer University, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Mutation in Hemagglutinin Antigenic Sites in Influenza A pH1N1 Viruses from 2015–2019 in the United States Mountain West, Europe, and the Northern Hemisphere. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050909. [PMID: 35627294 PMCID: PMC9141826 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
H1N1 influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen that undergoes antigenic shift and antigenic drift to improve viral fitness. Tracking the evolutionary trends of H1N1 aids with the current detection and the future response to new viral strains as they emerge. Here, we characterize antigenic drift events observed in the hemagglutinin (HA) sequence of the pandemic H1N1 lineage from 2015–2019. We observed the substitutions S200P, K147N, and P154S, together with other mutations in structural, functional, and/or epitope regions in 2015–2019 HA protein sequences from the Mountain West region of the United States, the larger United States, Europe, and other Northern Hemisphere countries. We reconstructed multiple phylogenetic trees to track the relationships and spread of these mutations and tested for evidence of selection pressure on HA. We found that the prevalence of amino acid substitutions at positions 147, 154, 159, 200, and 233 significantly changed throughout the studied geographical regions between 2015 and 2019. We also found evidence of coevolution among a subset of these amino acid substitutions. The results from this study could be relevant for future epidemiological tracking and vaccine prediction efforts. Similar analyses in the future could identify additional sequence changes that could affect the pathogenicity and/or infectivity of this virus in its human host.
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Yang JX, Tseng JC, Yu GY, Luo Y, Huang CYF, Hong YR, Chuang TH. Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020423. [PMID: 35214155 PMCID: PMC8878135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools for controlling microbial infections and preventing epidemic diseases. Efficient inactive, subunit, or viral-like particle vaccines usually rely on a safe and potent adjuvant to boost the immune response to the antigen. After a slow start, over the last decade there has been increased developments on adjuvants for human vaccines. The development of adjuvants has paralleled our increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated activation of immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of PRRs that recognize microbial pathogens to initiate a host’s response to infection. Activation of TLRs triggers potent and immediate innate immune responses, which leads to subsequent adaptive immune responses. Therefore, these TLRs are ideal targets for the development of effective adjuvants. To date, TLR agonists such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and CpG-1018 have been formulated in licensed vaccines for their adjuvant activity, and other TLR agonists are being developed for this purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated clinical research of vaccines containing TLR agonist-based adjuvants. In this paper, we reviewed the agonists for TLR activation and the molecular mechanisms associated with the adjuvants’ effects on TLR activation, emphasizing recent advances in the development of TLR agonist-based vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Yang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
| | - Jen-Chih Tseng
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 37611)
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4
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Universal influenza vaccine technologies and recombinant virosome production. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Van den Hoecke S, Ballegeer M, Vrancken B, Deng L, Job ER, Roose K, Schepens B, Van Hoecke L, Lemey P, Saelens X. In Vivo Therapy with M2e-Specific IgG Selects for an Influenza A Virus Mutant with Delayed Matrix Protein 2 Expression. mBio 2021; 12:e0074521. [PMID: 34253060 PMCID: PMC8406285 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00745-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A viruses is a universal influenza A vaccine candidate. Here, we report potential evasion strategies of influenza A viruses under in vivo passive anti-M2e IgG immune selection pressure in severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice. A/Puerto Rico/8/34-infected SCID mice were treated with the M2e-specific mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) MAb 65 (IgG2a) or MAb 37 (IgG1), which recognize amino acids 5 to 15 in M2e, or with MAb 148 (IgG1), which binds to the invariant N terminus of M2e. Treatment of challenged SCID mice with any of these MAbs significantly prolonged survival compared to isotype control IgG treatment. Furthermore, M2e-specific IgG2a protected significantly better than IgG1, and even resulted in virus clearance in some of the SCID mice. Deep sequencing analysis of viral RNA isolated at different time points after treatment revealed that the sequence variation in M2e was limited to P10H/L and/or I11T in anti-M2e MAb-treated mice. Remarkably, in half of the samples isolated from moribund MAb 37-treated mice and in all MAb 148-treated mice, virus was isolated with a wild-type M2 sequence but with nonsynonymous mutations in the polymerases and/or the hemagglutinin genes. Some of these mutations were associated with delayed M2 and other viral gene expression and with increased resistance to anti-M2e MAb treatment of SCID mice. Treatment with M2e-specific MAbs thus selects for viruses with limited variation in M2e. Importantly, influenza A viruses may also undergo an alternative escape route by acquiring mutations that result in delayed wild-type M2 expression. IMPORTANCE Broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates may have a higher barrier to immune evasion compared to conventional influenza vaccines. We used Illumina MiSeq deep sequence analysis to study the mutational patterns in A/Puerto Rico/8/34 viruses that evolve in chronically infected SCID mice that were treated with different M2e-specific MAbs. We show that under these circumstances, viruses emerged in vivo with mutations in M2e that were limited to positions 10 and 11. Moreover, we discovered an alternative route for anti-M2e antibody immune escape, in which a virus is selected with wild-type M2e but with mutations in other gene segments that result in delayed M2 and other viral protein expression. Delayed expression of the viral antigen that is targeted by a protective antibody thus represents an influenza virus immune escape mechanism that does not involve epitope alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Van den Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Vrancken
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lei Deng
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma R. Job
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenny Roose
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Dhakal S, Loube J, Misplon JA, Lo CY, Creisher PS, Mulka KR, Deshpande S, Mitzner W, Klein SL, Epstein SL. Effect of an Adenovirus-Vectored Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine on Pulmonary Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model. J Virol 2021; 95:e02359-20. [PMID: 33627390 PMCID: PMC8104105 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02359-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines, live attenuated or inactivated, do not protect against antigenically novel influenza A viruses (IAVs) of pandemic potential, which has driven interest in the development of universal influenza vaccines. Universal influenza vaccine candidates targeting highly conserved antigens of IAV nucleoprotein (NP) are promising as vaccines that induce T cell immunity, but concerns have been raised about the safety of inducing robust CD8 T cell responses in the lungs. Using a mouse model, we systematically evaluated effects of recombinant adenovirus vectors (rAd) expressing IAV NP (A/NP-rAd) or influenza B virus (IBV) NP (B/NP-rAd) on pulmonary inflammation and function after vaccination and following live IAV challenge. After A/NP-rAd or B/NP-rAd vaccination, female mice exhibited robust systemic and pulmonary vaccine-specific B cell and T cell responses and experienced no morbidity (e.g., body mass loss). Both in vivo pulmonary function testing and lung histopathology scoring revealed minimal adverse effects of intranasal rAd vaccination compared with unvaccinated mice. After IAV challenge, A/NP-rAd-vaccinated mice experienced significantly less morbidity, had lower pulmonary virus titers, and developed less pulmonary inflammation than unvaccinated or B/NP-rAd-vaccinated mice. Based on analysis of pulmonary physiology using detailed testing not previously applied to the question of T cell damage, mice protected by vaccination also had better lung function than controls. Results provide evidence that, in this model, adenoviral universal influenza vaccine does not damage pulmonary tissue. In addition, adaptive immunity, in particular, T cell immunity in the lungs, does not cause damage when restimulated but instead mitigates pulmonary damage following IAV infection.IMPORTANCE Respiratory viruses can emerge and spread rapidly before vaccines are available. It would be a tremendous advance to use vaccines that protect against whole categories of viruses, such as universal influenza vaccines, without the need to predict which virus will emerge. The nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus provides a target conserved among strains and is a dominant T cell target. In animals, vaccination to NP generates powerful T cell immunity and long-lasting protection against diverse influenza strains. Concerns have been raised, but not evaluated experimentally, that potent local T cell responses might damage the lungs. We analyzed lung function in detail in the setting of such a vaccination. Despite CD8 T cell responses in the lungs, lungs were not damaged and functioned normally after vaccination alone and were protected upon subsequent infection. This precedent provides important support for vaccines based on T cell-mediated protection, currently being considered for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Loube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia A Misplon
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Chia-Yun Lo
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick S Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen R Mulka
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharvari Deshpande
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne L Epstein
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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7
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Colant N, Melinek B, Frank S, Rosenberg W, Bracewell DG. Escherichia Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis for Iterative Design of Tandem-Core Virus-Like Particles. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:193. [PMID: 33669126 PMCID: PMC7996620 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem-core hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) virus-like particles (VLPs), in which two HBcAg monomers are joined together by a peptide linker, can be used to display two different antigens on the VLP surface. We produced universal influenza vaccine candidates that use this scaffold in an Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform. We then used the CFPS system to rapidly test modifications to the arginine-rich region typically found in wild-type HBcAg, the peptide linkers around the influenza antigen inserts, and the plasmid vector backbone to improve titer and quality. Using a minimal plasmid vector backbone designed for CFPS improved titers by at least 1.4-fold over the original constructs. When the linker lengths for the influenza inserts were more consistent in length and a greater variety of codons for glycine and serine were utilized, titers were further increased to over 70 μg/mL (4.0-fold greater than the original construct) and the presence of lower molecular weight product-related impurities was significantly reduced, although improvements in particle assembly were not seen. Furthermore, any constructs with the C-terminal arginine-rich region removed resulted in asymmetric particles of poor quality. This demonstrates the potential for CFPS as a screening platform for VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Colant
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.C.); (B.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Beatrice Melinek
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.C.); (B.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefanie Frank
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.C.); (B.M.); (S.F.)
| | - William Rosenberg
- Division of Medicine, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.C.); (B.M.); (S.F.)
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Tang S, Zhu W, Wang BZ. Influenza Vaccines toward Universality through Nanoplatforms and Given by Microneedle Patches. Viruses 2020; 12:E1212. [PMID: 33114336 PMCID: PMC7690886 DOI: 10.3390/v12111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is one of the top threats to public health. The best strategy to prevent influenza is vaccination. Because of the antigenic changes in the major surface antigens of influenza viruses, current seasonal influenza vaccines need to be updated every year to match the circulating strains and are suboptimal for protection. Furthermore, seasonal vaccines do not protect against potential influenza pandemics. A universal influenza vaccine will eliminate the threat of both influenza epidemics and pandemics. Due to the massive challenge in realizing influenza vaccine universality, a single vaccine strategy cannot meet the need. A comprehensive approach that integrates advances in immunogen designs, vaccine and adjuvant nanoplatforms, and vaccine delivery and controlled release has the potential to achieve an effective universal influenza vaccine. This review will summarize the advances in the research and development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.T.); (W.Z.)
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9
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TopuzoĞullari M, Acar T, Pelİt Arayici P, UÇar B, UĞurel E, Abamor EŞ, ArasoĞlu T, Turgut-Balik D, Derman S. An insight into the epitope-based peptide vaccine design strategy and studies against COVID-19. Turk J Biol 2020; 44:215-227. [PMID: 32595358 PMCID: PMC7314509 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new member of the coronavirus family and caused the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020. It is crucial to design and produce an effective vaccine for the prevention of rapid transmission and possible deaths wcaused by the disease. Although intensive work and research are being carried out all over the world to develop a vaccine, an effective and approved formulation that can prevent the infection and limit the outbreak has not been announced yet. Among all types of vaccines, epitope-based peptide vaccines outshine with their low-cost production, easy modification in the structure, and safety. In this review, vaccine studies against COVID-19 have been summarized and detailed information about the epitope-based peptide vaccines against COVID-19 has been provided. We have not only compared the peptide vaccine with other types of vaccines but also presented comprehensive literature information about development steps for an effective and protective formulation to give an insight into on-going peptide vaccine studies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat TopuzoĞullari
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Tayfun Acar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Pelin Pelİt Arayici
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Burcu UÇar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Erennur UĞurel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Emrah Şefik Abamor
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Tülin ArasoĞlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Dilek Turgut-Balik
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Serap Derman
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
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Jang YH, Seong BL. The Quest for a Truly Universal Influenza Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:344. [PMID: 31649895 PMCID: PMC6795694 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly protective antibodies and cross-reactive T cells directed to influenza viral targets present a promising prospect for the development of a UIV. Multiple targets for cross-protection have been identified in the stalk and head of hemagglutinin (HA) to develop a UIV. Recently, neuraminidase (NA) has received significant attention as a critical component for increasing the breadth of protection. The HA stalk-based approaches have shown promising results of broader protection in animal studies, and their feasibility in humans are being evaluated in clinical trials. Mucosal immune responses and cross-reactive T cell immunity across influenza A and B viruses intrinsic to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have emerged as essential features to be incorporated into a UIV. Complementing the weakness of the stand-alone approaches, prime-boost vaccination combining HA stalk, and LAIV is under clinical evaluation, with the aim to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of protection. Preexisting immunity in humans established by prior exposure to influenza viruses may affect the hierarchy and magnitude of immune responses elicited by an influenza vaccine, limiting the interpretation of preclinical data based on naive animals, necessitating human challenge studies. A consensus is yet to be achieved on the spectrum of protection, efficacy, target population, and duration of protection to define a “universal” vaccine. This review discusses the recent advancements in the development of UIVs, rationales behind cross-protection and vaccine designs, and challenges faced in obtaining balanced protection potency, a wide spectrum of protection, and safety relevant to UIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Intragastric delivery of recombinant Lactococcus lactis displaying ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) and neuraminidase (NA) induced focused mucosal and systemic immune responses in chickens. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:497-512. [PMID: 31518854 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounding with the problem of frequent antigenic shift and occasional drift of the segmented genome of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), vaccines based on major surface glycoproteins such as haemagglutinin (HA) to counter heterosubtypic AIV infection in chickens remain unsuccessful. In contrast, neuraminidase (NA), the second most abundant surface glycoprotein present in viral capsid is less mutable and, in some instances, successful in eliciting inter-species cross-reactive antibody responses. However, without selective activation of B-cells and T-cells, the ability of NA to induce strong cell mediated immune responses is limited, thus NA based vaccines cannot singularly address the risk of virus escape from host defence. To this end, the highly conserved ectodomain of influenza matrix protein-2 (M2e) has emerged as an attractive cross-protective vaccine target. The present study describes the potential of recombinant Lactococcus lactis (rL. lactis) in expressing functional influenza NA or M2e proteins and conferring effective mucosal and systemic immune responses in the intestine as well as in the upper respiratory airways (trachea) of chickens. In addition, lavages collected from trachea and intestine of birds administered with rL. lactis expressing influenza NA or M2e protein were found to protect MDCK cells against avian influenza type A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus challenge. Although minor, the differences in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene transcripts targeted in this study among the birds administered with either empty or rL. lactis could be attributed to the activation of innate response by L. lactis.
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Targeting M2e to DEC-205 induces an enhanced serum antibody-dependent heterosubtypic protection against influenza A virus infection. Vaccine 2019; 37:2624-2633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fan YN, Li M, Luo YL, Chen Q, Wang L, Zhang HB, Shen S, Gu Z, Wang J. Cationic lipid-assisted nanoparticles for delivery of mRNA cancer vaccine. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:3009-3018. [PMID: 30264063 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00908b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Message RNA-based vaccines with prominent advantages such as facile production, no requirement for nuclear entry and high safety without the need for integration into host genome have been shown to be potent activators of the cytotoxic immune system. However, wider applications of mRNA-based therapeutics have been hindered because of their intrinsically high vulnerability to expressed nucleases and difficulty while entering antigen-presenting cells (APCs) directly. Here, we investigated the potential of cationic lipid-assisted nanoparticles (CLAN), which form a clinically translatable nucleic acid delivery system working as a carrier of an mRNA vaccine. We found that CLAN encapsulating mRNA encoding antigen could effectively stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and promote the activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Intravenous immunization of mice with CLAN containing mRNA encoding ovalbumin (OVA) provoked a strong OVA-specific T-cell response and slowed tumor growth in an aggressive E·G7-OVA lymphoma model. Collectively, CLAN proved to be a promising platform for mRNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Li Luo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nanosystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Bing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Song Shen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nanosystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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Tsybalova LM, Stepanova LA, Shuklina MA, Mardanova ES, Kotlyarov RY, Potapchuk MV, Petrov SA, Blokhina EA, Ravin NV. Combination of M2e peptide with stalk HA epitopes of influenza A virus enhances protective properties of recombinant vaccine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201429. [PMID: 30138320 PMCID: PMC6107133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza infection could be more effectively controlled if a multi-purpose vaccine with the ability to induce responses against most, or all, influenza A subtypes could be generated. Conserved viral proteins are a promising basis for the creation of a broadly protective vaccine. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective properties of three recombinant proteins (vaccine candidates), comprising conserved viral proteins fused with bacterial flagellin, were compared. Methods Balb/c mice were immunized intranasally with recombinant proteins comprising either one viral protein (the ectodomain of the M2 protein, ‘M2e’) or two viral proteins (M2e and the hemagglutinin second subunit ‘HA2’ epitope) genetically fused with flagellin. Further, two different consensus variants of HA2 were used. Therefore, three experimental positives were used in addition to the negative control (Flg-his). The mucosal, humoral, and T-cell immune responses to these constructs were evaluated. Result We have demonstrated that insertion of the HA2 consensus polypeptide (aa 76–130), derived from either the first (HA2-1) or second (HA2-2) virus phylogenetic group, into the recombinant Flg4M2e protein significantly enhanced its immunogenicity and protective properties. Intranasal administration of the vaccine candidates (Flg-HA2-2-4M2e or Flg-HA2-1-4M2e) induced considerable mucosal and systemic responses directed at both the M2e-protein and, in general, the influenza A virus. However, the immune response elicited by the Flg-HA2-1-4M2e protein was weaker than the one generated by Flg-HA2-2-4M2e. These recombinant proteins containing both viral peptides provide complete protection from lethal challenge with various influenza viruses: A/H3N2; A/H2N2; and A/H5N1. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the intranasal administration of Flg-HA2-2-4M2e recombinant protein induces a strong immune response which provides broad protection against various influenza viruses. This construct is therefore a strong candidate for development as a universal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila M. Tsybalova
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Liudmila A. Stepanova
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A. Shuklina
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugenia S. Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Y. Kotlyarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Potapchuk
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Petrov
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A. Blokhina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial flagellin, as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), can activate both innate and adaptive immunity. Its unique structural characteristics endow an effective and flexible adjuvant activity, which allow the design of different types of vaccine strategies to prevent various diseases. This review will discuss recent progress in the mechanism of action of flagellin and its prospects for use as a vaccine adjuvant. AREAS COVERED Herein we summarize various types of information related to flagellin adjuvants from PubMed, including structures, signaling pathways, natural immunity, and extensive applications in vaccines, and it discusses the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of flagellin-adjuvanted vaccines in clinical trials. EXPERT COMMENTARY It is widely accepted that as an adjuvant, flagellin can induce an enhanced antigen-specific immune response. Flagellin adjuvants will allow more effective flagellin-based vaccines to enter clinical trials. Furthermore, vaccine formulations containing PAMPs are crucial to exert the maximum potential of vaccine antigens. Therefore, combinations of flagellin-adjuvanted vaccines with other adjuvants that act in a synergistic manner, particularly TLR ligands, represent a promising method for tailoring targeted vaccines to meet specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
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16
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Kumara HK, Ramesh S, Vardhan DMS, Kumar JS, Gowda DC. Dipeptides as linker for multicomponent presentation—a facile, robust, and high-bioactivity yielding strategy. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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M2e-tetramer-specific memory CD4 T cells are broadly protective against influenza infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:273-289. [PMID: 28295019 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) is considered an attractive component of a broadly protective, universal influenza A vaccine. Here we challenge the canonical view that antibodies against M2e are the prime effectors of protection. Intranasal immunizations of Balb/c mice with CTA1-3M2e-DD-generated M2e-specific memory CD4 T cells that were I-Ad restricted and critically protected against infection, even in the complete absence of antibodies, as observed in JhD mice. Whereas some M2e-tetramer-specific memory CD4 T cells resided in spleen and lymph nodes, the majority were lung-resident Th17 cells, that rapidly expanded upon a viral challenge infection. Indeed, immunized IL-17A-/- mice were significantly less well protected compared with wild-type mice despite exhibiting comparable antibody levels. Similarly, poor protection was also observed in congenic Balb/B (H-2b) mice, which failed to develop M2e-specific CD4 T cells, but exhibited comparable antibody levels. Lung-resident CD69+ CD103low M2e-specific memory CD4 T cells were αβ TCR+ and 50% were Th17 cells that were associated with an early influx of neutrophils after virus challenge. Adoptively transferred M2e memory CD4 T cells were strong helper T cells, which accelerated M2e- but more importantly also hemagglutinin-specific IgG production. Thus, for the first time we demonstrate that M2e-specific memory CD4 T cells are broadly protective.
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18
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Self-assembly polymerization enhances the immunogenicity of influenza M2e peptide. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:648-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Adler-Moore JP, Ernst W, Kim H, Ward N, Chiang SM, Do T, Fujii G. Monomeric M2e antigen in VesiVax ® liposomes stimulates protection against type a strains of influenza comparable to liposomes with multimeric forms of M2e. J Liposome Res 2017; 27:210-220. [PMID: 28922045 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1381708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the interest in the ectodomain of the matrix 2 (M2e) channel protein as a target for development of a universal influenza vaccine, we examined the role of the antigen configuration of M2e in generating a protective immune response. A series of M2e mutations and a truncated M2e segment were prepared as a means of controlling the formation of monomer, dimer, and higher order multimeric forms of M2e. Each of these M2e peptides was incorporated into a liposome-based vaccine technology platform previously shown to stimulate a protective response to influenza A infection using M2e as a mixture of monomers, dimers and multimers (L-M2e1-HD/MPL). Our results using these modified forms of M2e produced 90-100% survival following lethal challenge with H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) in both inbred BALB/c and outbred Swiss Webster mice vaccinated with a truncated monomeric form of the M2 protein, M2e1-15 in liposomes. These observations show that a tetrameric configuration is not required to elicit significant protection when the M2e antigen is formulated in immunogenic liposomes and further, that the first 15 amino acids of M2e likely play a primary role in providing the protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Adler-Moore
- a Department of Biological Sciences , California State Polytechnic University , Pomona , CA , USA
| | - W Ernst
- b Molecular Express Inc , Rancho Dominguez , CA , USA
| | - H Kim
- a Department of Biological Sciences , California State Polytechnic University , Pomona , CA , USA
| | - N Ward
- a Department of Biological Sciences , California State Polytechnic University , Pomona , CA , USA
| | - S M Chiang
- b Molecular Express Inc , Rancho Dominguez , CA , USA
| | - T Do
- b Molecular Express Inc , Rancho Dominguez , CA , USA
| | - G Fujii
- b Molecular Express Inc , Rancho Dominguez , CA , USA
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20
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Hajam IA, Lee JH. An Influenza HA and M2e Based Vaccine Delivered by a Novel Attenuated Salmonella Mutant Protects Mice against Homologous H1N1 Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:872. [PMID: 28555133 PMCID: PMC5430049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated Salmonella strains constitute a promising technology for the development of a more efficient multivalent protein based vaccines. In this study, we constructed a novel attenuated strain of Salmonella for the delivery and expression of the H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and the conserved extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e). We demonstrated that the constructed Salmonella strain exhibited efficient HA and M2e protein expressions and little cytotoxicity and pathogenicity in mice. Using BALB/c mice as the model, we showed that the mice vaccinated with a Salmonella strain expressing HA and M2e protein antigens, respectively, induced significant production of HA and M2e-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2a responses, and of anti-HA interferon-γ producing T cells. Furthermore, immunization with Salmonella-HA-M2e-based vaccine via different routes provided protection in 66.66% orally, 100% intramuscularly, and 100% intraperitoneally immunized mice against the homologous H1N1 virus while none of the animals survived treated with either the PBS or the Salmonella carrying empty expression vector. Ex vivo stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) with heat killed Salmonella expressing HA demonstrated that DCs play an important role in the elicitation of HA-specific humoral immune responses in mice. In summary, Salmonella-HA-M2e-based vaccine elicits efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and provides significant immune protection against a highly pathogenic H1N1 influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad A Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National UniversityIksan, South Korea
| | - John H Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National UniversityIksan, South Korea
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21
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Tao W, Hurst BL, Shakya AK, Uddin MJ, Ingrole RSJ, Hernandez-Sanabria M, Arya RP, Bimler L, Paust S, Tarbet EB, Gill HS. Consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza A viruses. Antiviral Res 2017; 141:62-72. [PMID: 28161578 PMCID: PMC5572660 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular domain of influenza A ion channel membrane matrix protein 2 (M2e) is considered to be a potential candidate to develop a universal influenza A vaccine. However poor immunogenicity of M2e presents a significant roadblock. We have developed a vaccine formulation comprising of the consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with CpG as a soluble adjuvant (AuNP-M2e + sCpG). We demonstrate that intranasal delivery of AuNP-M2e + sCpG in mice induces lung B cell activation and robust serum anti-M2e immunoglobulin G (IgG) response, with stimulation of both IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes. Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) pandemic strain, or A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), or the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) as immunosorbants we further show that the antibodies generated are also capable of binding to the homotetrameric form of M2 expressed on infected cells. Lethal challenge of vaccinated mice with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) pandemic strain, A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) led to 100%, 92%, and 100% protection, respectively. Overall, this study helps to lay the foundation of a potential universal influenza A vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences and the School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | | | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mayra Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ravi P Arya
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynn Bimler
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences and the School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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22
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Ingle NB, Virkar RG, Arankalle VA. Inter-Clade Protection Offered by Mw-Adjuvanted Recombinant HA, NP Proteins, and M2e Peptide Combination Vaccine in Mice Correlates with Cellular Immune Response. Front Immunol 2017; 7:674. [PMID: 28119689 PMCID: PMC5220098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We documented earlier that Mw (heat-killed suspension of Mycobacterium indicus pranii) adjuvant when used with conserved antigens, nucleoprotein (NP), and ectodomain of matrix (M2) protein (M2e) provided complete protection against homologous (clade 2.2) virus challenge in mice. The present study extends these observations to inter-clade challenge (clade 2.3.2.1) H5N1 virus and attempts to understand preliminary immunologic basis for the observed protection. Female BALB/c mice immunized with a single or two doses of vaccine formulations (clade 2.2 antigens) were challenged with 100LD50 homologous or heterologous (clade 2.3.2.1) virus. To understand the preliminary immunologic mechanism, we studied proportions of selected immune cell types, immune response gene expression, and Th1/Th2 cytokines induced by antigen-stimulated splenocytes from immunized mice, at different time points. Complete protection was conferred by Mw-HA, Mw-HA + NP, and Mw-HA + NP + M2e against homologous challenge. The protection correlated with IgG2a antibody titers indicating important role of Th1 response. Despite high inter-cladal antigenic differences, complete protection against the heterologous strain was achieved with Mw-HA + NP + M2e. Of note, a single dose with higher antigen concentrations (50 µg HA + 50 μg NP + 50 μg M2e) led to 80% protection against clade 2.3.2.1 strain. The protection conferred by Mw-HNM correlated with induction of IFN-γ, CD8+ T cytotoxic cells, and CD4+ T helper cells. Mw-adjuvanted HA + NP + M2e combination represents a promising vaccine candidate deserving further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh B Ingle
- Hepatitis Division, National Institute of Virology , Pune , India
| | - Rashmi G Virkar
- Hepatitis Division, National Institute of Virology , Pune , India
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23
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Łęga T, Weiher P, Obuchowski M, Nidzworski D. Presenting Influenza A M2e Antigen on Recombinant Spores of Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167225. [PMID: 27902762 PMCID: PMC5130239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective vaccination against influenza virus infection is a serious problem mainly due to antigenic variability of the virus. Among many of investigated antigens, the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) features high homology in all strains of influenza A viruses and antibodies against M2e and is protective in animal models; this makes it a potential candidate for generation of a universal influenza vaccine. However, due to the low immunogenicity of the M2e, formulation of a vaccine based on this antigen requires some modification to induce effective immune responses. In this work we evaluated the possible use of Bacillus subtilis spores as a carrier of the Influenza A M2e antigen in mucosal vaccination. A tandem repeat of 4 consensus sequences coding for human-avian-swine-human M2e (M2eH-A-S-H) peptide was fused to spore coat proteins and stably exposed on the spore surface, as demonstrated by the immunostaining of intact, recombinant spores. Oral immunization of mice with recombinant endospores carrying M2eH-A-S-H elicited specific antibody production without the addition of adjuvants. Bacillus subtilis endospores can serve as influenza antigen carriers. Recombinant spores constructed in this work showed low immunogenicity although were able to induce antibody production. The System of influenza antigen administration presented in this work is attractive mainly due to the omitting time-consuming and cost-intensive immunogen production and purification. Therefore modification should be made to increase the immunogenicity of the presented system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Łęga
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Weiher
- Department of Recombinant Vaccine, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-GUMed, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Nidzworski
- Department of Recombinant Vaccine, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Kolpe A, Schepens B, Fiers W, Saelens X. M2-based influenza vaccines: recent advances and clinical potential. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:123-136. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1240041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annasaheb Kolpe
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Walter Fiers
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Kwon B, Hong M. The Influenza M2 Ectodomain Regulates the Conformational Equilibria of the Transmembrane Proton Channel: Insights from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5387-97. [PMID: 27571210 PMCID: PMC5257201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The influenza M2 protein is the target of the amantadine family of antiviral drugs, and its transmembrane (TM) domain structure and dynamics have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the structure of the highly conserved N-terminal ectodomain, which contains epitopes targeted by influenza vaccines. In this study, we synthesized an M2 construct containing the N-terminal ectodomain and the TM domain, to understand the site-specific conformation and dynamics of the ectodomain and to investigate the effect of the ectodomain on the TM structure. We incorporated (13)C- and (15)N-labeled residues into both domains and measured their chemical shifts and line widths using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The data indicate that the entire ectodomain is unstructured and dynamic, but the motion is slower for residues closer to the TM domain. (13)C line shapes indicate that this ecto-TM construct undergoes fast uniaxial rotational diffusion, like the isolated TM peptide, but drug binding increases the motional rates of the TM helix while slowing the local motion of the ectodomain residues that are close to the TM domain. Moreover, (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts indicate that the ectodomain shifts the conformational equilibria of the TM residues toward the drug-bound state even in the absence of amantadine, thus providing a molecular structural basis for the lower inhibitory concentration of full-length M2 compared to that of the ectodomain-truncated M2. We propose that this conformational selection may result from electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged ectodomain residues in the tetrameric protein. Together with the recent study of the M2 cytoplasmic domain, these results show that intrinsically disordered extramembrane domains in membrane proteins can regulate the functionally relevant conformation and dynamics of the structurally ordered TM domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungsu Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
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Advances in novel influenza vaccines: a patent review. J Microbiol 2016; 54:403-12. [PMID: 27225456 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The threat of a major human influenza pandemic such as the avian H5N1 or the 2009 new H1N1 has emphasized the need for effective prevention strategies to combat these pathogens. Although egg based influenza vaccines have been well established for a long time, it remains an ongoing public health need to develop alternative production methods that ensures improved safety, efficacy, and ease of administration compared with conventional influenza vaccines. This article is intended to cover some of the recent advances and related patents on the development of influenza vaccines including live attenuated, cell based, genomic and synthetic peptide vaccines.
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Zeng W, Horrocks KJ, Tan ACL, Jackson DC. Chemical Synthesis of Monomeric, Dimeric and Tetrameric Forms of the Ectodomain of Influenza Matrix 2 Protein. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mbewana S, Mortimer E, Pêra FFPG, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP. Production of H5N1 Influenza Virus Matrix Protein 2 Ectodomain Protein Bodies in Tobacco Plants and in Insect Cells as a Candidate Universal Influenza Vaccine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:197. [PMID: 26697423 PMCID: PMC4672040 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of influenza A viruses is partially controlled and prevented by vaccination. The matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) is the most conserved sequence in influenza A viruses, and is therefore a good potential target for a vaccine to protect against multiple virus subtypes. We explored the feasibility of an M2e-based universal influenza A vaccine candidate based on the highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus, H5N1. A synthetic M2e gene was human- and plant-codon optimized and fused in-frame with a sequence encoding the N-terminal proline-rich domain (Zera(®)) of the γ-zein protein of maize. Zera(®)M2e was expressed transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana and Sf21 baculovirus/insect cell expression systems, and Zera(®)M2e protein bodies (PBs) were successfully produced in both expression systems. The plant-produced Zera(®)M2e PBs were purified and injected into Balb/c mice. Western blot analysis using insect cell-produced Zera(®)M2e PBs and multiple tandem M2e sequences (5xM2e) fused with the avian influenza H5N1 transmembrane and cytosolic tail (5xM2e_tHA) confirmed the presence of M2e-specific antibodies in immunized mice sera. The immunogenicity of the Zera(®)M2e indicates that our plant-produced protein has potential as an inexpensive universal influenza A vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandiswa Mbewana
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch , South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Mortimer
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch , South Africa
| | - Francisco F P G Pêra
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch , South Africa
| | - Inga Isabel Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch , South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch , South Africa ; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Heath Science, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Lee YN, Kim MC, Lee YT, Kim YJ, Kang SM. Mechanisms of Cross-protection by Influenza Virus M2-based Vaccines. Immune Netw 2015; 15:213-21. [PMID: 26557805 PMCID: PMC4637342 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.5.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines are based on strain-specific surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) antigens and effective only when the predicted vaccine strains and circulating viruses are well-matched. The current strategy of influenza vaccination does not prevent the pandemic outbreaks and protection efficacy is reduced or ineffective if mutant strains emerge. It is of high priority to develop effective vaccines and vaccination strategies conferring a broad range of cross protection. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is highly conserved among human influenza A viruses and has been utilized to develop new vaccines inducing cross protection against different subtypes of influenza A virus. However, immune mechanisms of cross protection by M2e-based vaccines still remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we review immune correlates and mechanisms conferring cross protection by M2e-based vaccines. Molecular and cellular immune components that are known to be involved in M2 immune-mediated protection include antibodies, B cells, T cells, alveolar macrophages, Fc receptors, complements, and natural killer cells. Better understanding of protective mechanisms by immune responses induced by M2e vaccination will help facilitate development of broadly cross protective vaccines against influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. ; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 14089, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Meng Q, Liu G, Liu Y, Deng X, Wang W, Xu K, Zheng X, Zhang D, Pang H, Chen H. A broad protection provided by matrix protein 2 (M2) of avian influenza virus. Vaccine 2015; 33:3758-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Zeng W, Tan ACL, Horrocks K, Jackson DC. A lipidated form of the extracellular domain of influenza M2 protein as a self-adjuvanting vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2015; 33:3526-32. [PMID: 26049002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved extracellular domain of Matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus has been previously investigated as a potential target for an universal influenza vaccine. In this study we prepared four lipopeptide influenza vaccine candidates in which the TLR2 agonist S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl] cysteine, (Pam2Cys) was attached to either the N- or C-terminus of the M2e consensus sequence SLLTEVETPIRNEWGCRCNDSSDP and its analogue sequence with the two cysteine residues replaced with serine residues. The results of animal study show that each of these lipopeptides induced strong M2e-specific antibody responses in the absence of extraneous T helper cell epitope(s) which are normally incorporated in the previous studies or addition of extraneous adjuvant and that these antibodies are protective against lethal challenge with influenza virus. Comparison of different routes of inoculation demonstrated that intranasal administration of M2e lipopeptide induced higher titers of IgA and IgG2b antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage than did subcutaneous vaccination and was better at mitigating the severity of viral challenge. Finally, we show that anti-M2e antibody specificities absent from the antibody repertoire elicited by a commercially available influenza vaccine and by virus infection can be introduced by immunization with M2e-lipopeptide and boosted by viral challenge. Immunization with this lipidated form of the M2e epitope therefore offers a means of using a widely conserved epitope to generate protective antibodies which are not otherwise induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Amabel C L Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Horrocks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Mardanova ES, Kotlyarov RY, Kuprianov VV, Stepanova LA, Tsybalova LM, Lomonosoff GP, Ravin NV. Rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of M2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:42. [PMID: 26022390 PMCID: PMC4446962 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because M2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza A strains. However, native M2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. It was previously shown that fusion of M2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 and powerful mucosal adjuvant, significantly increases the immunogenicity and protective capacity of M2e. RESULTS In this study, we report for the first time the transient expression in plants of a recombinant protein Flg-4M comprising flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium fused to four tandem copies of the M2e peptide. The chimeric construct was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using either the self-replicating potato virus X (PVX) based vector, pA7248AMV-GFP, or the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-derived expression vector, pEAQ-HT. The highest expression level up to 30% of total soluble protein (about 1 mg/g of fresh leaf tissue) was achieved with the PVX-based expression system. Intranasal immunization of mice with purified Flg-4M protein induced high levels of M2e-specific serum antibodies and provided protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the usefulness of flagellin as a carrier of M2e and its relevance for the production of M2e-based candidate influenza vaccines in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia S Mardanova
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman Y Kotlyarov
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Victor V Kuprianov
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila A Stepanova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, 15/17 Prof. Popova str., 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Liudmila M Tsybalova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, 15/17 Prof. Popova str., 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - George P Lomonosoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK.
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
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Dabaghian M, Latifi AM, Tebianian M, Dabaghian F, Ebrahimi SM. A truncated C-terminal fragment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 enhances cell-mediated immune response and longevity of the total IgG to influenza A virus M2e protein in mice. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:23-31. [PMID: 25989418 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of virus-specific IgG2a and strong induction of Th1 type immune response for virus clearance was reported, conventional influenza vaccines induce a highly humoral immune response and fail to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. Hence, in agreement with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) acting as Th1 cytokine-like adjuvant, an Escherichia coli-expressed r4M2e.HSP70c fusion protein comprising C-terminus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 genetically fused to four tandem repeats of influenza A virus M2e was constructed. Then, the case-control study was carried out to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses elicited against M2e in Balb/C mice by intramuscular immunization with r4M2e.HSP70c alone. Our results showed that r4M2e.HSP70c rather than control groups, r4M2e, r4M2e+Alum, or rHSP70c, significantly elevated both longevity and serum level of the total M2e-specific IgG antibody, induced a Th1 skewed humoral and cellular immune responses, increased the level of IFN-γ in BALF, and promoted the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, a virus challenge experiment revealed that mice vaccinated with r4M2e.HSP70c limited the severity of influenza A disease by 100% survival rate, less sever body weight loss and delaying the onset of morbidity in mice for 2days rather than other control groups. Here, we used r4M2e.HSP70c to stimulate M2e-specific antibody and cellular immune responses in Balb/C mice. The mHSP70c in the fusion form induced a long lasting Th1 skewed humoral and cellular immune responses against its associated protein. It seems anti-M2e antibodies limit viral replication and ameliorate influenza infection that allows the immune system to induce sterilizing HA-antibody against whole virion that leads to full protection against virulent influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dabaghian
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Latifi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Tebianian
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Dabaghian
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran.
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Protection against Influenza A Virus Challenge with M2e-Displaying Filamentous Escherichia coli Phages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126650. [PMID: 25973787 PMCID: PMC4431709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human influenza viruses are responsible for annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that cause severe illness and mortality in all age groups worldwide. Matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus is a tetrameric type III membrane protein that functions as a proton-selective channel. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is conserved in human and avian influenza A viruses and is being pursued as a component for a universal influenza A vaccine. To develop a M2e vaccine that is economical and easy to purify, we genetically fused M2e amino acids 2-16 to the N-terminus of pVIII, the major coat protein of filamentous bacteriophage f88. We show that the resulting recombinant f88-M2e2-16 phages are replication competent and display the introduced part of M2e on the phage surface. Immunization of mice with purified f88-M2e2-16 phages in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, induced robust M2e-specific serum IgG and protected BALB/c mice against challenge with human and avian influenza A viruses. Thus, replication competent filamentous bacteriophages can be used as efficient and economical carriers to display conserved B cell epitopes of influenza A.
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35
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Development of a candidate influenza vaccine based on virus-like particles displaying influenza M2e peptide into the immunodominant region of hepatitis B core antigen: Broad protective efficacy of particles carrying four copies of M2e. Vaccine 2015; 33:3398-406. [PMID: 25976545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A long-term objective when designing influenza vaccines is to create one with broad cross-reactivity that will provide effective control over influenza, no matter which strain has caused the disease. Here we summarize the results from an investigation into the immunogenic and protective capacities inherent in variations of a recombinant protein, HBc/4M2e. This protein contains four copies of the ectodomain from the influenza virus protein M2 (M2e) fused within the immunodominant loop of the hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc). Variations of this basic design include preparations containing M2e from the consensus human influenza virus; the M2e from the highly pathogenic avian A/H5N1 virus and a combination of two copies from human and two copies from avian influenza viruses. Intramuscular delivery in mice with preparations containing four identical copies of M2e induced high IgG titers in blood sera and bronchoalveolar lavages. It also provoked the formation of memory T-cells and antibodies were retained in the blood sera for a significant period of time post immunization. Furthermore, these preparations prevented the death of 75-100% of animals, which were challenged with lethal doses of virus. This resulted in a 1.2-3.5 log10 decrease in viral replication within the lungs. Moreover, HBc particles carrying only "human" or "avian" M2e displayed cross-reactivity in relation to human (A/H1N1, A/H2N2 and A/H3N2) or A/H5N1 and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, respectively; however, with the particles carrying both "human" and "avian" M2e this effect was much weaker, especially in relation to influenza virus A/H5N1. It is apparent from this work that to quickly produce vaccine for a pandemic it would be necessary to have several variations of a recombinant protein, containing four copies of M2e (each one against a group of likely influenza virus strains) with these relevant constructs housed within a comprehensive collection Escherichia coli-producers and maintained ready for use.
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Simhadri VR, Dimitrova M, Mariano JL, Zenarruzabeitia O, Zhong W, Ozawa T, Muraguchi A, Kishi H, Eichelberger MC, Borrego F. A Human Anti-M2 Antibody Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) and Cytokine Secretion by Resting and Cytokine-Preactivated Natural Killer (NK) Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124677. [PMID: 25915748 PMCID: PMC4411161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved matrix protein 2 (M2) is a good candidate for the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine that induces long-lasting immunity. In animal models, natural killer (NK) cells have been proposed to play an important role in the protection provided by M2-based vaccines through a mechanism of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We investigated the ability of the human anti-M2 Ab1-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to activate human NK cells. They mediated ADCC against M2-expressing cells in the presence of Ab1-10 mAb. Furthermore, NK cell pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion is also enhanced when Ab1-10 mAb is present. We also generated cytokine-preactivated NK cells and showed that they still displayed increased effector functions in the presence of Ab1-10 mAb. Thus, our study has demonstrated that human resting and cytokine-preactivated NK cells may have a very important role in the protection provided by anti-M2 Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara R. Simhadri
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products Review and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VS); (FB)
| | - Milena Dimitrova
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products Review and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John L. Mariano
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products Review and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Group, Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Weimin Zhong
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Maryna C. Eichelberger
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products Review and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- * E-mail: (VS); (FB)
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Stepanova LA, Kotlyarov RY, Kovaleva AA, Potapchuk MV, Korotkov AV, Sergeeva MV, Kasianenko MA, Kuprianov VV, Ravin NV, Tsybalova LM, Skryabin KG, Kiselev OI. Protection against multiple influenza A virus strains induced by candidate recombinant vaccine based on heterologous M2e peptides linked to flagellin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119520. [PMID: 25799221 PMCID: PMC4370815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a broadly protective influenza vaccine. M2e-based vaccines against human influenza A provide only partial protection against avian influenza viruses because of differences in the M2e sequences. In this work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining equal protection and immune response by using recombinant protein on the basis of flagellin as a carrier of the M2e peptides of human and avian influenza A viruses. Recombinant protein was generated by the fusion of two tandem copies of consensus M2e sequence from human influenza A and two copies of M2e from avian A/H5N1 viruses to flagellin (Flg-2M2eh2M2ek). Intranasal immunisation of Balb/c mice with recombinant protein significantly elicited anti-M2e IgG in serum, IgG and sIgA in BAL. Antibodies induced by the fusion protein Flg-2M2eh2M2ek bound efficiently to synthetic peptides corresponding to the human consensus M2e sequence as well as to the M2e sequence of A/Chicken/Kurgan/05/05 RG (H5N1) and recognised native M2e epitopes exposed on the surface of the MDCK cells infected with A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Chicken/Kurgan/05/05 RG (H5N1) to an equal degree. Immunisation led to both anti-M2e IgG1 and IgG2a response with IgG1 prevalence. We observed a significant intracellular production of IL-4, but not IFN-γ, by CD4+ T-cells in spleen of mice following immunisation with Flg-2M2eh2M2ek. Immunisation with the Flg-2M2eh2M2ek fusion protein provided similar protection from lethal challenge with human influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2) and avian influenza virus (H5N1). Immunised mice experienced significantly less weight loss and decreased lung viral titres compared to control mice. The data obtained show the potential for the development of an M2e-flagellin candidate influenza vaccine with broad spectrum protection against influenza A viruses of various origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila A. Stepanova
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anna A. Kovaleva
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina V. Potapchuk
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Korotkov
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mariia V. Sergeeva
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A. Kasianenko
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai V. Ravin
- Centre “Bioengineering”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- GenNanotech Ltd, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila M. Tsybalova
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg I. Kiselev
- Department of Influenza Vaccines, Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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38
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Deng L, Cho KJ, Fiers W, Saelens X. M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:105-36. [PMID: 26344949 PMCID: PMC4494237 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful isolation of a human influenza virus in 1933 was soon followed by the first attempts to develop an influenza vaccine. Nowadays, vaccination is still the most effective method to prevent human influenza disease. However, licensed influenza vaccines offer protection against antigenically matching viruses, and the composition of these vaccines needs to be updated nearly every year. Vaccines that target conserved epitopes of influenza viruses would in principle not require such updating and would probably have a considerable positive impact on global human health in case of a pandemic outbreak. The extracellular domain of Matrix 2 (M2e) protein is an evolutionarily conserved region in influenza A viruses and a promising epitope for designing a universal influenza vaccine. Here we review the seminal and recent studies that focused on M2e as a vaccine antigen. We address the mechanism of action and the clinical development of M2e-vaccines. Finally, we try to foresee how M2e-based vaccines could be implemented clinically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ki Joon Cho
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Walter Fiers
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Cobbin JCA, Zeng W, Jackson DC, Brown LE. Different arms of the adaptive immune system induced by a combination vaccine work in concert to provide enhanced clearance of influenza. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115356. [PMID: 25522323 PMCID: PMC4270762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current split influenza virus vaccines that induce strain-specific neutralising antibodies provide some degree of protection against influenza infection but there is a clear need to improve their effectiveness. The constant antigenic drift of influenza viruses means that vaccines are often not an exact match to the circulating strain and so levels of relevant antibodies may not be sufficiently high to afford protection. In the situation where the emergent influenza virus is completely novel, as is the case with pandemic strains, existing vaccines may provide no benefit. In this study we tested the concept of a combination vaccine consisting of sub-optimal doses of split influenza virus vaccine mixed with a cross-protective T-cell inducing lipopeptide containing the TLR2 ligand Pam2Cys. Mice immunised with combination vaccines showed superior levels of lung viral clearance after challenge compared to either split virus or lipopeptide alone, mediated through activation of enhanced humoral and/or additional cellular responses. The mechanism of action of these vaccines was dependent on the route of administration, with intranasal administration being superior to subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, potentially through the induction of memory CD8+ T cells in the lungs. This immunisation strategy not only provides a mechanism for minimising the dose of split virus antigen but also, through the induction of cross-protective CD8+ T cells, proves a breadth of immunity to provide potential benefit upon encounter with serologically diverse influenza isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C. A. Cobbin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorena E. Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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40
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Lee YN, Lee YT, Kim MC, Hwang HS, Lee JS, Kim KH, Kang SM. Fc receptor is not required for inducing antibodies but plays a critical role in conferring protection after influenza M2 vaccination. Immunology 2014; 143:300-9. [PMID: 24773389 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza virus is considered a rational target for a universal influenza A vaccine. To better understand M2e immune-mediated protection, Fc receptor common γ chain deficient (FcRγ(-/-) ) and wild-type mice were immunized with a tandem repeat of M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLP). Levels of M2e-specific antibodies that were induced in FcRγ(-/-) mice after immunization with M2e5x VLP were similar to those in wild-type mice. In addition, M2e antibodies induced in FcRγ(-/-) mice were found to be equally protective as those induced in wild-type mice. However, M2e5x VLP-immunized FcRγ(-/-) mice were not well protected, as shown by severe weight loss, higher lung viral titres and interleukin-6 inflammatory cytokine production upon influenza virus challenge compared with M2e5x VLP-immunized wild-type mice. Importantly, FcRγ(-/-) mice that were immunized with inactivated influenza virus induced haemagglutination inhibition activity and were well protected without a significant weight loss. Interestingly, interferon-γ-producing CD4 T and CD8 T cells were found to be prevalent in lungs from M2e5x VLP-immunized FcRγ(-/-) mice, which appeared to be correlated with a faster recovery after infection. These results indicate that Fc receptors play a primary role in conferring M2e-specific antibody-mediated protection whereas T cells may contribute to the recovery at later stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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41
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Hüttl C, Hettrich C, Riedel M, Henklein P, Rawel H, Bier FF. Development of Peptidyl Lysine Dendrons: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition for Peptide Coupling and Antibody Recognition. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:565-73. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hüttl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Am Mühlenberg 13 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry und Biology; University of Potsdam; Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam 14469 Germany
| | - Cornelia Hettrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Am Mühlenberg 13 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Melanie Riedel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Am Mühlenberg 13 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Petra Henklein
- Institute of Biochemistry; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Virchowweg 6 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Harshadrai Rawel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences; University of Potsdam; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 Nuthetal 14558 Germany
| | - Frank F. Bier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB); Am Mühlenberg 13 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry und Biology; University of Potsdam; Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam 14469 Germany
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42
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Dabaghian M, Latify AM, Tebianian M, Nili H, Ranjbar ART, Mirjalili A, Mohammadi M, Banihashemi R, Ebrahimi SM. Vaccination with recombinant 4 × M2e.HSP70c fusion protein as a universal vaccine candidate enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and decreases viral shedding against experimental challenge of H9N2 influenza in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:116-26. [PMID: 25293397 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As cellular immunity is essential for virus clearance, it is commonly accepted that no adequate cellular immunity is achieved by all available inactivated HA-based influenza vaccines. Thus, an improved influenza vaccine to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses is urgently required to control LPAI H9N2 outbreaks in poultry farms. M2e-based vaccines have been suggested and developed as a new generation of universal vaccine candidate against influenza A infection. Our previous study have shown that a prime-boost administration of recombinant 4×M2e.HSP70c (r4M2e/H70c) fusion protein compared to conventional HA-based influenza vaccines provided full protection against lethal dose of influenza A viruses in mice. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of (r4M2e/H70c) was examined in chickens. The data reported herein show that protection against H9N2 viral challenge was significantly increased in chickens by injection of r4M2e/H70c compared with injection of conventional HA-based influenza vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 or recombinant 4×M2e (r4M2e) without HSP70c. Oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding of the virus was detected in all of the r4M2e/H70c vaccinated birds at 2 days after challenge, but the titer was low and decreased rapidly to reach undetectable levels at 7 days after challenge. Moreover, comparison of protective efficacy against LPAI H9N2 in birds intramuscularly immunized with r4M2e/H70c likely represented the ability of the M2e-based vaccine in providing cross-protection against heterosubtypic H9N2 challenge and also allowed the host immune system to induce HA-homosubtype neutralizing antibody against H9N2 challenge. This protective immunity might be attributed to enhanced cell-mediated immunity, which is interpreted as increased lymphocytes proliferation, increased levels of Th1-type (IFN-γ) and Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines production and increased CD4(+) to CD8(+) ratios, resulting from the injection of four tandem repeats of the ectodomain of the conserved influenza matrix protein M2 (4×M2e) genetically fused to C-terminus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 (mHSP70c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dabaghian
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, University of Tehran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Latify
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Tebianian
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), PO Box 31975/148, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Nili
- Department of Avian Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, PO Box 1731, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mirjalili
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), PO Box 31975/148, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mashallah Mohammadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), PO Box 31975/148, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Banihashemi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Tarbiyat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran.
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43
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Song A, Myojo K, Laudenslager J, Harada D, Miura T, Suzuki K, Kuni-Kamochi R, Soloff R, Ohgami K, Kanda Y. Evaluation of a fully human monoclonal antibody against multiple influenza A viral strains in mice and a pandemic H1N1 strain in nonhuman primates. Antiviral Res 2014; 111:60-8. [PMID: 25218949 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a global health concern due to its unpredictable pandemic potential. Frequent mutations of surface molecules, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), contribute to low efficacy of the annual flu vaccine and therapeutic resistance to standard antiviral agents. The populations at high risk of influenza virus infection, such as the elderly and infants, generally mount low immune responses to vaccines, and develop severe disease after infection. Novel therapeutics with high effectiveness and mutation resistance are needed. Previously, we described the generation of a fully human influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2) specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), Z3G1, which recognized the majority of M2 variants from natural viral isolates, including highly pathogenic avian strains. Passive immunotherapy with Z3G1 significantly protected mice from the infection when administered either prophylactically or 1-2days post infection. In the present study, we showed that Z3G1 significantly protected mice from lethal infection when treatment was initiated 3days post infection. In addition, therapeutic administration of Z3G1 reduced lung viral titers in mice infected with different viral strains, including amantadine and oseltamivir-resistant strains. Furthermore, prophylactic and therapeutic administration of Z3G1 sustained O2 saturation and reduced lung pathology in monkeys infected with a pandemic H1N1 strain. Finally, de-fucosylated Z3G1 with an IgG1/IgG3 chimeric Fc region was generated (AccretaMab® Z3G1), and showed increased ADCC and CDC in vitro. Our data suggest that the anti-M2 mAb Z3G1 has great potential as a novel anti-flu therapeutic agent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Macaca
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Song
- Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, California, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kensuke Myojo
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - John Laudenslager
- Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, California, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Toru Miura
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Rachel Soloff
- Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, California, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kinya Ohgami
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kanda
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Attaran H, Nili H, Tebianian M. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant M2e.Hsp70c (Hsp70(359-610)) fusion protein against influenza virus infection in mice. Virol Sin 2014; 29:218-27. [PMID: 25160757 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies in vaccine development are urgently needed to combat emerging influenza viruses and to reduce the risk of pandemic disease surfacing. Being conserved, the M2e protein, is a potential candidate for universal vaccine development against influenza A viruses. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp70 (mHsp70) is known to cultivate the function of immunogenic antigenpresenting cells, stimulate a strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and stop the induction of tolerance. Thus, in this study, a recombinant protein from the extracellular domain of influenza A virus matrix protein 2 (M2e), was fused to the C-terminus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp70 (Hsp70c), to generate a vaccine candidate. Humoral immune responses, IFN-γ-producing lymphocyte, and strong CTL activity were all induced to confirm the immunogenicity of M2e.Hsp70c (Hsp70(359-610)). And challenge tests showed protection against H1N1 and H9N2 strains in vaccinated groups. Finally these results demonstrates M2e.Hsp70c fusion protein can be a candidate for a universal influenza A vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Attaran
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran,
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45
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Lee YN, Kim MC, Lee YT, Hwang HS, Cho MK, Lee JS, Ko EJ, Kwon YM, Kang SM. AS04-adjuvanted virus-like particles containing multiple M2 extracellular domains of influenza virus confer improved protection. Vaccine 2014; 32:4578-4585. [PMID: 24951867 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza virus is suggested to be a rational target for a universal influenza A vaccine. However, there are some concerns that M2e vaccines might not be highly effective in the general population with diverse genetic backgrounds. Here we examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the baculovirus-derived virus-like particles containing multiple M2e (M2eVLP) with AS04 adjuvant in a C57BL/6 mouse strain (H-2(b)). M2eVLP vaccine induced significant levels of M2e-specific IgG in C57BL/6 mice after vaccination. Furthermore, M2eVLP adjuvanted with AS04 was more effective than M2eVLP alone in conferring protection as well as in inducing recall humoral and T cell responses specific for M2e after lethal influenza virus challenge. A mechanistic study provides evidence that activation of dendritic cells by the toll-like receptor 4 agonist MPL in the AS04 adjuvant was associated with interferon-γ producing CD4 T cell responses. Our results suggest that AS04 adjuvanted M2eVLP vaccines have the potential to improve cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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46
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Quiñones-Parra S, Loh L, Brown LE, Kedzierska K, Valkenburg SA. Universal immunity to influenza must outwit immune evasion. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:285. [PMID: 24971078 PMCID: PMC4054793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an influenza vaccine has been available for 70 years, influenza virus still causes seasonal epidemics and worldwide pandemics. Currently available vaccines elicit strain-specific antibody (Ab) responses to the surface haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins, but these can be ineffective against serologically-distinct viral variants and novel subtypes. Thus, there is a great need for cross-protective or "universal" influenza vaccines to overcome the necessity for annual immunization against seasonal influenza and to provide immunity to reduce the severity of infection with pandemic or outbreak viruses. It is well established that natural influenza infection can provide cross-reactive immunity that can reduce the impact of infection with distinct influenza type A strains and subtypes, including H1N1, H3N2, H2N2, H5N1, and H7N9. The key to generating universal influenza immunity through vaccination is to target functionally-conserved regions of the virus, which include epitopes on the internal proteins for cross-reactive T cell immunity or on the HA stem for broadly reactive Ab responses. In the wake of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been characterized and isolated from convalescent and vaccinated individuals, inspiring development of new vaccination techniques to elicit such responses. Induction of influenza-specific T cell responses through vaccination has also been recently examined in clinical trials. Strong evidence is available from human and animal models of influenza to show that established influenza-specific T cell memory can reduce viral shedding and symptom severity. However, the published evidence also shows that CD8(+) T cells can efficiently select immune escape mutants early after influenza virus infection. Here, we discuss universal immunity to influenza viruses mediated by both cross-reactive T cells and Abs, the mechanisms of immune evasion in influenza, and propose how to counteract commonly occurring immune-escape variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quiñones-Parra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Lorena E Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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47
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Intranasal adenovirus-vectored vaccine for induction of long-lasting humoral immunity-mediated broad protection against influenza in mice. J Virol 2014; 88:9693-703. [PMID: 24920793 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00823-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza vaccines aimed at inducing antibody (Ab) responses against viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) provide sterile immunity to infection with the same subtypes. Vaccines targeting viral conserved determinants shared by the influenza A viruses (IAV) offer heterosubtypic immunity (HSI), a broad protection against different subtypes. We proposed that vaccines targeting both HA and the conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) would provide protection against infection with the same subtype and also HSI against other subtypes. We report here that single intranasal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector encoding both HA of H5 virus and M2e (rAdH5/M2e) induced significant HA- and M2e-specific Ab responses, along with protection against heterosubtypic challenge in mice. The protection is superior compared to that induced by rAd vector encoding either HA (rAdH5), or M2e (rAdM2e). While protection against homotypic H5 virus is primarily mediated by virus-neutralizing Abs, the cross-protection is associated with Abs directed to conserved stalk HA and M2e that seem to have an additive effect. Consistently, adoptive transfer of antisera induced by rAdH5/M2e provided the best protection against heterosubtypic challenge compared to that provided by antisera derived from mice immunized with rAdH5 or rAdM2e. These results support the development of rAd-vectored vaccines encoding both H5 and M2e as universal vaccines against different IAV subtypes. IMPORTANCE Current licensed influenza vaccines provide protection limited to the infection with same virus strains; therefore, the composition of influenza vaccines has to be revised every year. We have developed a new universal influenza vaccine that is highly efficient in induction of long-lasting cross-protection against different influenza virus strains. The cross-protection is associated with a high level of vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved stalk domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ectodomain of matrix protein. The vaccine could be used to stimulate cross-protective antibodies for the prevention and treatment of influenza with immediate effect for individuals who fail to respond to or receive the vaccine in due time. The vaccine offers a new tool to control influenza outbreaks, including pandemics.
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48
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Reperant LA, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus AD. Advances in influenza vaccination. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:47. [PMID: 24991424 PMCID: PMC4047948 DOI: 10.12703/p6-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus infections yearly cause high morbidity and mortality burdens in humans, and the development of a new influenza pandemic continues to threaten mankind as a Damoclean sword. Influenza vaccines have been produced by using egg-based virus growth and passaging techniques that were developed more than 60 years ago, following the identification of influenza A virus as an etiological agent of seasonal influenza. These vaccines aimed mainly at eliciting neutralizing antibodies targeting antigenically variable regions of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which requires regular updates to match circulating seasonal influenza A and B virus strains. Given the relatively limited protection induced by current seasonal influenza vaccines, a more universal influenza vaccine that would protect against more—if not all—influenza viruses is among the largest unmet medical needs of the 21st century. New insights into correlates of protection from influenza and into broad B- and T-cell protective anti-influenza immune responses offer promising avenues for innovative vaccine development as well as manufacturing strategies or platforms, leading to the development of a new generation of vaccines. These aim at the rapid and massive production of influenza vaccines that provide broad protective and long-lasting immunity. Recent advances in influenza vaccine research demonstrate the feasibility of a wide range of approaches and call for the initiation of preclinical proof-of-principle studies followed by clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Reperant
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CentrePO Box 2040, 3000 CA RotterdamThe Netherlands
- Artemis Research Institute for One Health in EuropeYalelaan 1, 3584 CL UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CentrePO Box 2040, 3000 CA RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CentrePO Box 2040, 3000 CA RotterdamThe Netherlands
- Artemis Research Institute for One Health in EuropeYalelaan 1, 3584 CL UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Center for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses Research, University of Veterinary MedicineBünteweg 17, 30559 HannoverGermany
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Zhang H, Wang L, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Universal influenza vaccines, a dream to be realized soon. Viruses 2014; 6:1974-91. [PMID: 24784572 PMCID: PMC4036552 DOI: 10.3390/v6051974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challenges call for the development of universal influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad cross-protection against multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. Facilitated by the advancement in modern molecular biology, delicate antigen design becomes one of the most effective factors for fulfilling such goals. Conserved epitopes residing in virus surface proteins including influenza matrix protein 2 and the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin draw general interest for improved antigen design. The present review summarizes the recent progress in such endeavors and also covers the encouraging progress in integrated antigen/adjuvant delivery and controlled release technology that facilitate the development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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50
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Wang BZ, Gill HS, He C, Ou C, Wang L, Wang YC, Feng H, Zhang H, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW. Microneedle delivery of an M2e-TLR5 ligand fusion protein to skin confers broadly cross-protective influenza immunity. J Control Release 2014; 178:1-7. [PMID: 24417966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza vaccines with broad cross-protection are urgently needed to prevent an emerging influenza pandemic. A fusion protein of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5-agonist domains from flagellin and multiple repeats of the conserved extracellular domain of the influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) was constructed, purified and evaluated as such a vaccine. A painless vaccination method suitable for possible self-administration using coated microneedle arrays was investigated for skin-targeted delivery of the fusion protein in a mouse model. The results demonstrate that microneedle immunization induced strong humoral as well as mucosal antibody responses and conferred complete protection against homo- and heterosubtypic lethal virus challenges. Protective efficacy with microneedles was found to be significantly better than that seen with conventional intramuscular injection, and comparable to that observed with intranasal immunization. Because of its advantages for administration, safety and storage, microneedle delivery of M2e-flagellin fusion protein is a promising approach for an easy-to-administer universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Harvinder S Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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