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Sciatti E, D'Elia E, Gori M, Grosu A, Balestrieri G, Senni M, Barbui T, Gavazzi A. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential: implications for the cardiologists. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:1-12. [PMID: 38051659 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis, are characterized by somatic gene mutations in bone marrow stem cells, which trigger an inflammatory response influencing the development of associated cardiovascular complications. In recent years, the same mutations were found in individuals with cardiovascular diseases even in the absence of hematological alterations. These genetic events allow the identification of a new entity called 'clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential' (CHIP), as it was uncertain whether it could evolve toward hematological malignancies. CHIP is age-related and, remarkably, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure were frequently reported in these individuals and attributed to systemic chronic inflammation driven by the genetic mutation. We reviewed the connection between clonal hematopoiesis, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases, with a practical approach to improve clinical practice and highlight the current unmet needs in this area of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Gori
- Cardiology Unit 1, ASST-Papa Giovanni XXIII
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation E.T.S., Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonello Gavazzi
- FROM Research Foundation E.T.S., Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
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Machawal J, Kharbanda OP, Duggal R, Chauhan SS, Samrit VD. Quantitative Evaluation of Pentraxin-3 in Peri-Miniscrew Implant Crevicular Fluid in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36060. [PMID: 37056546 PMCID: PMC10091742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the levels of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF) before and after orthodontic force application Material and Methods: This study included 40 miniscrew implants (MSI) sites in 11 orthodontic patients with high arch discrepancy requiring first premolar extraction using maximum anchorage mechanics for the retraction of anterior teeth. After alignment, the en-masse anterior retraction was carried out using the MSI-supported direct anchorage method. PMICF was collected from the crevice of MSI using Periopaper strips 1.2µl (Oraflow Inc. USA) after one hour, 24 hours, and three weeks of MSI insertion and after one hour, 24 hours, seven days, three weeks, and six weeks of the force application. Samples were quantitatively analyzed for PTX3 levels through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The trend in the change of PTX3 levels was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The mean concentration of PTX3 immediately after MSI insertion was 1.19 ng/ml, significantly higher than after 3 weeks after MSI insertion (0.72 ng/ml), which may correspond to the baseline. After loading, the mean PTX3 concentration increased significantly with the peak at 24 hrs (1.28 ng/ml), followed by a gradual decline till the completion of the study (0.5 ng/ml). CONCLUSION After MSI insertion, a rise in PTX3 levels in PMICF suggests an underlying inflammatory process. The slow decline in PTX3 level and return to the baseline after loading suggests an adaptive bone response to the stimulus.
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Gadalla HH, Lee S, Kim H, Armstrong AT, Fathalla D, Habib F, Jeong H, Lee W, Yeo Y. Size optimization of carfilzomib nanocrystals for systemic delivery to solid tumors. J Control Release 2022; 352:637-651. [PMID: 36349616 PMCID: PMC9737058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor effective in blood cancer therapy. However, CFZ has shown limited efficacy in solid tumor therapy due to the short half-life and poor tumor distribution. Albumin-coated nanocrystal (NC) formulation was shown to improve the circulation stability of CFZ, but its antitumor efficacy remained suboptimal. We hypothesize that NC size reduction is critical to the formulation safety and efficacy as the small size would decrease the distribution in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and selectively increase the uptake by tumor cells. We controlled the size of CFZ-NCs by varying the production parameters in the crystallization-in-medium method and compared the size-reduced CFZ-NCs (z-average of 168 nm, NC168) with a larger counterpart (z-average of 325 nm, NC325) as well as the commercial CFZ formulation (CFZ-CD). Both CFZ-NCs showed similar or higher cytotoxicity than CFZ-CD against breast cancer cells. NC168 showed greater uptake by cancer cells, less uptake by macrophages and lower immune cell toxicity than NC325 or CFZ-CD. NC168, but not NC325, showed a similar safety profile to CFZ-CD in vivo. The biodistribution and antitumor efficacy of CFZ-NCs in mice were also size-dependent. NC168 showed greater antitumor efficacy and tumor accumulation but lower RES accumulation than NC325 in 4T1 breast cancer model. These results support that NC formulation with an optimal particle size can improve the therapeutic efficacy of CFZ in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hytham H. Gadalla
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Abigail T. Armstrong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dina Fathalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Fawzia Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors: Wooin Lee, Ph.D., Phone: 82.2.880.7873, Fax: 82.2.888.0649, , Yoon Yeo, Ph.D., Phone: 1.765.496.9608, Fax: 1.765.494.6545,
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,Corresponding authors: Wooin Lee, Ph.D., Phone: 82.2.880.7873, Fax: 82.2.888.0649, , Yoon Yeo, Ph.D., Phone: 1.765.496.9608, Fax: 1.765.494.6545,
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Jonasdottir AD, Antovic A, Qureshi AR, Nordin A, Malmström V, Gunnarsson I, Bruchfeld A. Pentraxin-3 - a potential biomarker in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Scand J Rheumatol 2022; 52:293-301. [PMID: 35383519 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2022.2045790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate pentraxin-3 (PTX3) as a potential biomarker of inflammatory activity in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) at baseline and 6 month follow-up in a longitudinal cohort. METHOD Plasma PTX3 levels were measured in 79 newly diagnosed or relapsing AAV patients at baseline and 6 month follow-up, and in 23 healthy controls. Urinary PTX3 levels were measured in 34 of the patients. C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, and albuminuria were measured and the cumulative glucocorticoid dose at inclusion was calculated. The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) was assessed at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Plasma PTX3 levels were significantly higher at baseline than at 6 months (2.85 vs 1.23 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Plasma and urinary PTX3 levels correlated with BVAS at baseline (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.001, and ρ = 0.49, p = 0.008, respectively). A significant correlation between both plasma and urinary PTX3 levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria was found. However, there was no correlation between plasma and urinary PTX3 levels. At baseline, plasma and urinary PTX3 levels were significantly higher in patients with kidney involvement. PTX3 levels did not correlate with CRP, nor was there a correlation between CRP levels and BVAS at baseline. CONCLUSION Plasma and urinary PTX3 seem to reflect disease activity in AAV better than the commonly used CRP. PTX3 may have a potential role as a biomarker in monitoring disease activity in AAV patients, particularly in patients with kidney involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Jonasdottir
- Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Antovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A R Qureshi
- Baxter Novum, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Nordin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Malmström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Bruchfeld
- Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Kacerovsky M, Stranik J, Matulova J, Chalupska M, Mls J, Faist T, Hornychova H, Kukla R, Bolehovska R, Bostik P, Jacobsson B, Musilova I. Clinical characteristics of colonization of the amniotic cavity in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5062. [PMID: 35332204 PMCID: PMC8948248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the main clinical characteristics of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicated by colonization of the amniotic cavity (microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity without intra-amniotic inflammation). A total of 302 women with PPROM were included. Transabdominal amniocentesis was performed and amniotic fluid was assessed. Based of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation (interleukin-6 ≥ 3000 pg/mL), the women were divided into following groups: intra-amniotic infection, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, colonization of the amniotic cavity, and negative amniotic fluid. Colonization was found in 11% (32/302) of the women. The most common bacteria identified in the amniotic fluid were Ureaplasma spp. with a lower burden than those with intra-amniotic infection (p = 0.03). The intensity of intra-amniotic inflammatory response measured by interleukin-6 was higher in women with colonization than in those with negative amniotic fluid (medians: 961 pg/mL vs. 616 pg/mL; p = 0.04). Women with colonization had higher rates of acute inflammatory placental lesions than those with negative amniotic fluid. In PPROM, colonization, caused mainly by microorganisms from the lower genital tract, might represent an early stage of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity with a weak intra-amniotic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Stranik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Matulova
- Department of Non-Medical Studies, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chalupska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mls
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Faist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Fingerland's Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Kukla
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Bolehovska
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bostik
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivana Musilova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Miller LM, Jenny NS, Rawlings AM, Arnold AM, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez OL, Odden MC. Sex Differences in the Association Between Pentraxin 3 and Cognitive Decline: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1523-1529. [PMID: 31808814 PMCID: PMC7357589 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of systemic inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein, in cognitive decline has been demonstrated; however, the role of vascular inflammation is less understood. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a novel marker of vascular inflammation. METHODS We followed adults 65 and older, free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for up to 9 years (n = 1,547) in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We evaluated the relationship between PTX3 and change in cognitive function, measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE), and incident cognitive impairment (3MSE < 80). Mediation by CVD events, and effect modification by sex and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (APOE4) were also examined. RESULTS The average decline in 3MSE was 0.77 points per year. The association between PTX3 and change in 3MSE differed between women and men (p = .02). In the adjusted model, each standard deviation higher in PTX3 was associated with a 0.20 greater decline in 3MSE score per year in women over follow-up (95% CI: -0. 37, -0.03; p = .02), compared to no change in men (β = 0.07; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.22). CVD events had a minor effect on the associations. No effect modification by APOE4 was found, although we observed the association of PTX3 and cognitive impairment in women was attenuated and nonsignificant after adjustment for APOE4. There was a paradoxical protective association between PTX3 and reduced cognitive impairment in men, even after adjustment for APOE4. CONCLUSIONS We found that vascular inflammation was significantly associated with cognitive decline in older women, but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Miller
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, La Jolla
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Nancy S Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Andreea M Rawlings
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Departments of Family Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle C Odden
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Jiang F, Zhang W, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Shen M, Chen N, Jiang X. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells promote bone regeneration via activating endogenous regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6216-6230. [PMID: 32483449 PMCID: PMC7255030 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The effectiveness of stem cell based-therapy for bone regeneration has been demonstrated; yet, clinical application of autologous stem cells is still limited by invasive acquisition, long culture processes, and high cost. Besides, it remains controversial whether autologous stem cells could directly participate in tissue repair after differentiation. Thus, increasing allogeneic stem cells have been developed into drugs to indirectly activate endogenous regeneration and induce tissue regeneration. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (HAMSCs) have been extensively studied, showing multiple regulatory functions, but mechanisms of HAMSCs in promoting bone regeneration are remain unclear. Methods: Proteome profile of HAMSCs and their functions on vascularized bone regeneration were investigated in vitro, while rabbit cranial defect model was used to further detect the effects of bone formation in vivo. Results: HAMSCs secrete many osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory cytokines. In vitro, HAMSCs can promote human bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (HBMSCs) migration and osteogenic differentiation; promote the capillary-tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), induce HUVECs migration and pro-angiogenic genes expression, and promote M2 macrophage polarization. Further, in vivo studies suggested that transplanted HAMSCs could survive and induce M2 macrophages to secrete bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rabbits' skull defects at an early stage, and, in turn, promote more new bone formation. Conclusion: HAMSCs have good biocompatibility and paracrine function to promote bone repair by stimulating endogenous regeneration.
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Neuroinflammation in CNS diseases: Molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of plant derived bioactive molecules. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Characterization of potential biomarkers of reactogenicity of licensed antiviral vaccines: randomized controlled clinical trials conducted by the BIOVACSAFE consortium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20362. [PMID: 31889148 PMCID: PMC6937244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers predictive of inflammatory events post-vaccination could accelerate vaccine development. Within the BIOVACSAFE framework, we conducted three identically designed, placebo-controlled inpatient/outpatient clinical studies (NCT01765413/NCT01771354/NCT01771367). Six antiviral vaccination strategies were evaluated to generate training data-sets of pre-/post-vaccination vital signs, blood changes and whole-blood gene transcripts, and to identify putative biomarkers of early inflammation/reactogenicity that could guide the design of subsequent focused confirmatory studies. Healthy adults (N = 123; 20-21/group) received one immunization at Day (D)0. Alum-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine elicited vital signs and inflammatory (CRP/innate cells) responses that were similar between primed/naive vaccinees, and low-level gene responses. MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (ATIV) induced distinct physiological (temperature/heart rate/reactogenicity) response-patterns not seen with non-adjuvanted TIV or with the other vaccines. ATIV also elicited robust early (D1) activation of IFN-related genes (associated with serum IP-10 levels) and innate-cell-related genes, and changes in monocyte/neutrophil/lymphocyte counts, while TIV elicited similar but lower responses. Due to viral replication kinetics, innate gene activation by live yellow-fever or varicella-zoster virus (YFV/VZV) vaccines was more suspended, with early IFN-associated responses in naïve YFV-vaccine recipients but not in primed VZV-vaccine recipients. Inflammatory responses (physiological/serum markers, innate-signaling transcripts) are therefore a function of the vaccine type/composition and presence/absence of immune memory. The data reported here have guided the design of confirmatory Phase IV trials using ATIV to provide tools to identify inflammatory or reactogenicity biomarkers.
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Makhlouf M, Saleh S, Rushdy M, Abdelhakam S, Abd-Elghani E. Pentraxin-3 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its affection by concomitant chronic hepatitis C infection. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-019-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Elevated pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is related to liver pathologies such as infections, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and tumors. Aim of this study is to evaluate serum PTX3 levels in NAFLD and its affection by concomitant chronic hepatitis C viral infection (HCV). Seventy subjects were included and divided into 3 groups. Group I included 25 patients with NAFLD. Group II included 25 patients with NAFLD and chronic HCV. Group III included 20 controls. Chronic hepatitis C was diagnosed using quantitative PCR. Plasma pentraxin-3 was measured using ELISA.
Results
Plasma PTX3 was significantly high in group Ι and group ΙΙ, when compared to controls. There was non-significant difference between groups Ι and ΙΙ as regard PTX3 level. Higher PTX3 levels were detected in relation to metabolic syndrome. Cut-off value of PTX3 ≥ 1.8 was the best to predict metabolic syndrome with 91.4% sensitivity, 60.0% specificity, 65.7% PPV, and 56.7% NPV.
Conclusion
Serum PTX level in patients with concomitant NAFLD and HCV infection apparently reflects inflammatory response due to changes in metabolic profile, rather than that caused by infection itself, making PTX possibly useful in identifying those at risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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de Oliveira THC, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA. Tissue Dependent Role of PTX3 During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1461. [PMID: 31354697 PMCID: PMC6635462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion of an ischemic tissue is the treatment of choice for several diseases, including myocardial infarction and stroke. However, reperfusion of an ischemic tissue causes injury, known as Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury (IRI), that limits the benefit of blood flow restoration. IRI also occurs during solid organ transplantation. During IRI, there is activation of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils, which contributes to the degree of injury. It has been shown that PTX3 can regulate multiple aspects of innate immunity and tissue inflammation during sterile injury, as observed during IRI. In humans, levels of PTX3 increase in blood and elevated levels associate with extent of IRI. In mice, there is also enhanced expression of PTX3 in tissues and plasma after IRI. In general, absence of PTX3, as seen in PTX3-deficient mice, results in worse outcome after IRI. On the contrary, increased expression of PTX3, as seen in PTX3 transgenic mice and after PTX3 administration, is associated with better outcome after IRI. The exception is the gut where PTX3 seems to have a clear deleterious role. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which PTX3 contributes to IRI and the potential of taming this system for the treatment of injuries associated with reperfusion of solid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Host-Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Pentraxin 3 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:525-538. [PMID: 31209269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been characterized as a soluble and multifunctional pattern recognition protein in the regulation of innate immune response. However, little is known about its role in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. Herein, we investigated the role of PTX3 in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in adipocytes and adipose tissue, as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic inflammation in obesity. METHODS Ptx3 knockdown 3T3-L1 Cells were generated using shRNA for Ptx3 gene and treated with different inflammatory stimuli. For the in vivo studies, Ptx3 knockout mice were treated with 0.3 mg/kg of LPS for 6 h. Adipose tissues were collected for gene and protein expression by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Ptx3 knockout mice were fed with HFD for 12 week since 6 week of age. RESULTS We observed that the expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue and serum PTX3 were markedly increased in response to LPS administration. Knocking down Ptx3 in 3T3-L1 cells reduced adipogenesis and caused a more profound and sustained upregulation of proinflammatory gene expression and signaling pathway activation during LPS-stimulated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vivo studies showed that PTX3 deficiency significantly exacerbated the LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes and downregulation of adipogeneic genes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. Accordingly, LPS stimulation elicited increased activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathways in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue was also induced by HFD, and PTX3 deficiency led to the upregulation of proinflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of HFD-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective role of PTX3 in LPS- and HFD-induced sustained inflammation in adipose tissue.
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Goldman AS. Future Research in the Immune System of Human Milk. J Pediatr 2019; 206:274-279. [PMID: 30528758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bhat SA, Ahmad SM, Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Bhat BA, Dar MA, Mumtaz PT, Shah RA, Ganai NA. Comparative transcriptome analysis of mammary epithelial cells at different stages of lactation reveals wide differences in gene expression and pathways regulating milk synthesis between Jersey and Kashmiri cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211773. [PMID: 30721247 PMCID: PMC6363229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Jersey and Kashmiri cattle are important dairy breeds that contribute significantly to the total milk production of the Indian northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Kashmiri cattle germplasm has been extensively diluted through crossbreeding with Jersey cattle with the goal of enhancing its milk production ability. However, crossbred animals are prone to diseases resulting to unsustainable milk production. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive transcriptome profile of mammary gland epithelial cells at different stages of lactation and to find key differences in genes and pathways regulating milk traits between Jersey and Kashmiri cattle. Mammary epithelial cells (MEC) isolated from milk obtained from six lactating cows (three Jersey and three Kashmiri cattle) on day 15 (D15), D90 and D250 in milk, representing early, mid and late lactation, respectively were used. RNA isolated from MEC was subjected to next-generation RNA sequencing and bioinformatics processing. Casein and whey protein genes were found to be highly expressed throughout the lactation stages in both breeds. Largest differences in differentially expressed genes (DEG) were between D15 vs D90 (1,805 genes) in Kashmiri cattle and, D15 vs D250 (3,392 genes) in Jersey cattle. A total of 1,103, 1,356 and 1,397 genes were differentially expressed between Kashmiri and Jersey cattle on D15, D90 and D250, respectively. Antioxidant genes like RPLPO and RPS28 were highly expressed in Kashmiri cattle. Differentially expressed genes in both Kashmiri and Jersey were enriched for multicellular organismal process, receptor activity, catalytic activity, signal transducer activity, macromolecular complex and developmental process gene ontology terms. Whereas, biological regulation, endopeptidase activity and response to stimulus were enriched in Kashmiri cattle and, reproduction and immune system process were enriched in Jersey cattle. Most of the pathways responsible for regulation of milk production like JAK-STAT, p38 MAPK pathway, PI3 kinase pathway were enriched by DEG in Jersey cattle only. Although Kashmiri has poor milk production efficiency, the present study suggests possible physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Kashmiri cattle milk that needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basharat A. Bhat
- Department of Life Science, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, India
| | - Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, India
| | - Riaz A. Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, India
| | - Nazir A. Ganai
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, India
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Low GKK, Gan SC, Zainal N, Naidu KD, Amin-Nordin S, Khoo CS, Ridzuan MI, Said RM, Mansor MM, Zailani MH, Chee HY, Lim SJ, Suppiah J, Appu S, Ismail I, Zin T, Te KK, Hatta NM. The predictive and diagnostic accuracy of vascular endothelial growth factor and pentraxin-3 in severe dengue. Pathog Glob Health 2018; 112:334-341. [PMID: 30246621 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1516417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pentraxin 3 (PTX-3) as predictive and diagnostic markers in differentiating severe dengue from non-severe dengue. The study was conducted in Ampang Health Clinic, Ampang Hospital and Serdang Hospital. The plasma levels of VEGF and PTX-3 were compared between severe dengue and non-severe dengue by ELISA from the day of presentation until discharged. Multiple logistic regression was used to develop predictive and diagnostic models by incorporating other clinical parameters. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the accuracy of the biomarkers and the developed models. Eighty-two patients were recruited, 29 with severe dengue and four died. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was statistically significant in VEGF as diagnostic marker at Day 2 and 3 of illness with sensitivity of 80.00%-100.00% and specificity of 76.47%-80.00%. The predictive model with AUC of 0.84 (p < 0.01) has a sensitivity of 100.00% and specificity of 79.25% for predicting severe dengue. The diagnostic model with AUC of 0.71 (p < 0.01) has a sensitivity of 76.19% and specificity of 73.58% for diagnosing severe dengue. The AUC for PTX-3 was not statistically significant. VEGF may be used in combination with other clinical parameters to predict the severity of the disease. As a single biomarker, it may be used as an adjunct investigation to support the diagnosis of severe dengue. PTX-3 was not able to differentiate severe dengue from non-severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Kim Kuan Low
- a Department of Public Health , Torrens University Australia - Sydney Campus Pyrmont , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Population Medicine , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Seng-Chiew Gan
- c Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Norsafina Zainal
- d Department of Pathology, Haematology Unit , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Komala Devi Naidu
- e Department of Anaesthesiology , Ampang Hospital , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Syafinaz Amin-Nordin
- f Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology , Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Ching-Soong Khoo
- g Department of Medicine , Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Yee Chee
- f Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology , Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Sheng Jye Lim
- c Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Jeyanthi Suppiah
- j Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre , Institute Medical Research , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Santhi Appu
- d Department of Pathology, Haematology Unit , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Izani Ismail
- d Department of Pathology, Haematology Unit , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Thaw Zin
- c Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Kian Keong Te
- c Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Nadia Mohd Hatta
- c Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Selangor , Malaysia
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Szatmári T, Persa E, Kis E, Benedek A, Hargitai R, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Extracellular vesicles mediate low dose ionizing radiation-induced immune and inflammatory responses in the blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [PMID: 29533121 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1450533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) imply the involvement of complex signaling mechanisms, which can be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using an in vivo model, we investigated EV-transmitted RIBE in blood plasma and radiation effects on plasma EV miRNA profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were total-body irradiated with 0.1 and 2 Gy, bone marrow-derived EVs were isolated, and injected systemically into naive, 'bystander' animals. Proteome profiler antibody array membranes were used to detect alterations in plasma, both in directly irradiated and bystander mice. MiRNA profile of plasma EVs was determined by PCR array. RESULTS M-CSF and pentraxin-3 levels were increased in the blood of directly irradiated and bystander mice both after low and high dose irradiations, CXCL16 and lipocalin-2 increased after 2 Gy in directly irradiated and bystander mice, CCL5 and CCL11 changed in bystander mice only. Substantial overlap was found in the cellular pathways regulated by those miRNAs whose level were altered in EVs isolated from the plasma of mice irradiated with 0.1 and 2 Gy. Several of these pathways have already been associated with bystander responses. CONCLUSION Low and high dose effects overlapped both in EV-mediated alterations in signaling pathways leading to RIBE and in their systemic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Eszter Persa
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Rita Hargitai
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
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PTX3: A Potential Biomarker in Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5961974. [PMID: 29675428 PMCID: PMC5838458 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5961974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease, which involves inflammation and tissue remodeling. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a component of innate immune system and recently implicated in autoimmunity. This observation may indicate that PTX3 participates in the inflammatory process of TAO. Methods All studies were performed on TAO patients and healthy controls (45: 28 in total). RNA-seq was used to detect differential gene expression of orbital adipose-connective tissue. Quantitative PCR was performed to verify the results. PTX3 protein in orbital adipose-connective tissues was visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PTX3 concentration in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results RNA-seq showed 1.86-log2FC higher PTX3 expression in the orbital adipose-connective tissues from TAO group than controls (FDR = 0.0059). qPCR confirmed the difference (5.59-fold increase, p = 0.0012). The presence of PTX3 protein was demonstrated. Orbital adipose tissue from healthy controls showed weak staining for PTX3 while tissue from TAO group was strongly positive. Serum PTX3 concentration was significantly elevated in patients when compared to the control group (1.9-fold increase; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Patients with TAO showed increased presence of PTX3 in orbital tissue and serum, which may suggest a potential relationship of PTX3 and TAO.
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Long pentraxin 3: A novel multifaceted player in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:53-63. [PMID: 29175552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1992, long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been characterized as soluble patter recognition receptor, a key player of the innate immunity arm with non-redundant functions in pathogen recognition and inflammatory responses. As a component of the extra-cellular matrix milieu, PTX3 has been implicated also in wound healing/tissue remodeling, cardiovascular diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. Consequently, PTX3 levels in biological fluids have been proposed as a fluid-phase biomarker in different pathological conditions. In the last decade, experimental evidences have shown that PTX3 may exert a significant impact also on different aspects of cancer biology, including tumor onset, angiogenesis, metastatic dissemination and immune-modulation. However, it remains unclear whether PTX3 acts as a good cop or bad cop in cancer. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the scientific literature data focusing on the role of PTX3 in experimental and human tumors, including its putative translational implications.
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Çavuşoğlu T, Çiftçi ÖD, Çağıltay E, Meral A, Kızıloğlu İ, Gürgül S, Uyanıkgil Y, Erbaş O. Diyabetik Kardiyomiyopati Sıçan Modelinde Oksitosin Etkilerinin Histolojik ve Biyokimyasal Olarak İncelenmesi. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.307933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Wang TY, Niu XC. Increased Plasma Levels of Pentraxin 3 Are Associated with Poor Prognosis of Colorectal Carcinoma Patients. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 240:39-46. [PMID: 27568661 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally. It is essential to identify a prognostic predictor for CRC. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a glycoprotein that is secreted by a variety of human cells. It plays an important role in inflammation and immune regulation. Increasing evidence reveals that elevated PTX3 expression is related to poor prognosis in various cancers. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of plasma PTX3 level as a prognostic predictor in CRC. Total 184 CRC patients and 216 controls were included. Plasma levels of PTX3 were determined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. On admission, plasma PTX3 levels in CRC patients were higher than those in controls (11.8 ± 2.5 ng/ml vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001). After resection, plasma PTX3 levels in patients were decreased (6.0 ± 1.4 ng/ml, P = 0.007), and were elevated at the time of relapse (10.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001). During the 60-month follow-up period, 108 patients suffered from relapse. Plasma PTX3 levels of ≥ 12 ng/ml on admission were associated with relapse (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.74 ~ 6.29), and tumor-free survival rate in those patients with plasma PTX3 levels of ≥ 12 ng/ml was lower than that in other patients (P = 0.001). Furthermore, plasma PTX3 levels on admission showed positive linear correlations with plasma complement 3, 4 and 5b9 levels (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Therefore, we propose that PTX3 is an independent prognostic indicator in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital
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21
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Fornai F, Carrizzo A, Forte M, Ambrosio M, Damato A, Ferrucci M, Biagioni F, Busceti C, Puca AA, Vecchione C. The inflammatory protein Pentraxin 3 in cardiovascular disease. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:25. [PMID: 27559355 PMCID: PMC4995820 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acute phase protein Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a non-redundant role as a soluble pattern recognition receptor for selected pathogens and it represents a rapid biomarker for primary local activation of innate immunity and inflammation. Recent evidence indicates that PTX3 exerts an important role in modulating the cardiovascular system in humans and experimental models. In particular, there are conflicting points concerning the effects of PTX3 in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) since several observations indicate a cardiovascular protective effect of PTX3 while others speculate that the increased plasma levels of PTX3 in subjects with CVD correlate with disease severity and with poor prognosis in elderly patients. In the present review, we discuss the multifaceted effects of PTX3 on the cardiovascular system focusing on its involvement in atherosclerosis, endothelial function, hypertension, myocardial infarction and angiogenesis. This may help to explain how the specific modulation of PTX3 such as the use of different dosing, time, and target organs could help to contain different vascular diseases. These opposite actions of PTX3 will be emphasized concerning the modulation of cardiovascular system where potential therapeutic implications of PTX3 in humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy ; I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Annibale A Puca
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Multimedica, Milan, Italy ; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, SA 84081 Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS Italy ; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, SA 84081 Italy
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Zhang X, Ding W. Association of Genetic Variants in Pentraxin 3 Gene with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2911-6. [PMID: 27538101 PMCID: PMC4999015 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pentraxin 3 is considered to play an important role in immune and inflammatory reaction. This study aimed to detect the effect of pentraxin3 gene (PTX3) polymorphisms on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) risk. Material/Methods The genotyping of PTX3 polymorphisms in 101 AS patients and 93 controls was conducted by allelic discrimination assay and the genotype distribution was assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The differences of genotype, allele, haplotype, and some basic indexes were compared by χ2 test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were also calculated by χ2 test and were used to evaluate the association intensity between gene polymorphisms and disease. Haploview software was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes of PTX3 polymorphisms. Results CC genotype of rs3816527 had an obviously higher frequency in cases than in controls and had a positive effect on AS occurrence (OR=3.14, 95%CI=1.04–9.52), and the same was true of the C allele in rs3816527. For rs3845978, CT genotype showed a significant frequency difference between the case and control groups (P=0.03) and people with genotypes carrying the T allele developed AS earlier (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.09–3.47), and the same was found in the analysis of the T allele. G-C-T haplotype dramatically increased the risk of AS, as may A-C-C haplotype. Conclusions In PTX3 polymorphisms rs3816527 and rs3845978 were found to be associated with AS, but rs2305619 was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Uzun S, Ozari M, Gursu M, Karadag S, Behlul A, Sari S, Koldas M, Demir S, Karaali Z, Ozturk S. Changes in the inflammatory markers with advancing stages of diabetic nephropathy and the role of pentraxin-3. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1193-8. [PMID: 27436699 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1209031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological and inflammatory mechanisms have been shown to have role in both the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DNP). There is need for more specific markers for inflammation as the ones commonly used are influenced by many factors. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) seems to be a potential candidate. We aimed in our study to evaluate the changes of PTX-3 levels in different stages of DNP and its relationship with other inflammatory markers. METHODS This is a cross sectional study in which patients with DNP at different stages were involved. Patient were divided into three groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), microalbuminuria and proteinuria levels: Group-1: eGFR >60 mL/min and microalbuminuria, Group-2: eGFR >60 mL/min and macroalbuminuria, Group-3: eGFR <60 mL/min and macroalbuminuria. Besides the routine biochemical parameters, levels of PTX-3, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured. Groups were compared with each other regarding the study parameters and correlation of PTX-3 with other markers was evaluated. RESULTS The mean PTX-3 level in Group-2 (0.94 ± 0.26 ng/mL) and -3 (1.35 ± 1.55 ng/mL) were higher than in Group-1 (0.81 ± 0.25 ng/mL) (p = 0.009 and p = 0.012). There was a significant correlation of PTX-3 with proteinuria (r = 0.266, p = 0.016), microalbuminuria (r = 0.304, p = 0.014) and hypoalbuminemia (r = 0.197, p = 0.043). PTX-3 was not correlated with other markers of inflammation (IL-1, TNF-α and hsCRP) and diabetic metabolic parameters (hbA1c, C-peptide, insulin and HOMA-IR). PTX-3, IL-1 and TNF-α levels increased with the advancing stage of DNP while hsCRP level did not change. CONCLUSION PTX-3 that increases similar to other markers of inflammation (IL-1, TNF-α) is a better inflammatory marker than hsCRP. Furthermore, there is a relationship between PTX-3 and proteinuria independent from eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Uzun
- a Department of Nephrology , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Muge Ozari
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Meltem Gursu
- c Department of Nephrology , Medical Faculty of Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Serhat Karadag
- a Department of Nephrology , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Behlul
- a Department of Nephrology , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Soner Sari
- d Department of Biochemistry , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Macit Koldas
- d Department of Biochemistry , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Secil Demir
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karaali
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Savas Ozturk
- a Department of Nephrology , Haseki Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Tekeoğlu İ, Harman H, Sağ S, Altındiş M, Kamanlı A, Nas K. Levels of serum pentraxin 3, IL-6, fetuin A and insulin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2016; 83:171-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ketter P, Yu JJ, Cap AP, Forsthuber T, Arulanandam B. Pentraxin 3: an immune modulator of infection and useful marker for disease severity assessment in sepsis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:501-7. [PMID: 26982005 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1166957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute phase protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in regulation of the host immune response. This relatively newly discovered member of the pentraxin superfamily elicits both immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory functions preventing autoimmune pathology and orchestrated clearance of pathogens through opsonization of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMP/PAMP). Thus, PTX3 has been described as a possible evolutionary precursor to immunoglobulins. While shown to provide protection against specific bacterial and fungal pathogens, persistent elevation of PTX3 levels following initial onset of infection appear to predict poor patient outcome and may contribute to disease sequelae such as tissue damage and coagulopathy. Measurement of PTX3 following onset of sepsis may improve patient risk assessment and thus be useful in guiding subsequent therapeutic interventions including steroidal anti-inflammatory and altered antibiotic therapies. In this review, we summarize the role of PTX3 in inflammatory syndromes and its utility as a marker of sepsis disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ketter
- a Blood and Coagulation Program , United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Andrew P Cap
- a Blood and Coagulation Program , United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston , TX , USA
| | - Thomas Forsthuber
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Bernard Arulanandam
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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Fan WC, Huang CC, Yang YY, Lin A, Lee KC, Hsieh YC, Fung CP, Hsu HC, Hou MC, Lin HC. Serum pentraxin-3 and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) predict severity of infections in acute decompensated cirrhotic patients. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016; 50:905-914. [PMID: 26872435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) are new candidate prognostic markers for comorbidities and mortality in various inflammatory diseases. Acute decompensation of cirrhosis is characterized by acute exacerbation of chronic systemic inflammation. Recently, increased circulating PTX3 levels have been reported in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients and positively correlated with disease severity. This study aims to explore serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels and their relationship with clinical outcomes in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation. METHODS We analyzed serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels in relation to inhospital and 3-month new clinical events and survivals in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation. RESULTS During admission, serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels were significantly higher in acute decompensated cirrhotic patients than controls and positively correlated with protein-energy wasting (PEW), new infections, long hospital stays, high medical costs, and high mortality. During a 3-month follow-up, acute decompensated cirrhotic patients with high serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels had more episodes of unplanned readmission and high 3-month mortality. On multivariate analysis, high PTX3/sTWEAK levels and PEW were independent risk factors for high mortality. CONCLUSION High serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels and PEW are common in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation. As compared with low serum PTX3 and sTWEAK cases, cirrhotic patients with high serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels a have higher probability of new severe infections, severe sepsis, septic shock, type 1 hepatorenal syndrome, in-hospital, and 3-month follow-up mortalities. Therefore, high serum PTX3/sTWEAK levels on hospital admission predict disease severity and case fatality in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Fan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Alan Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Phone Fung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Hsu
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pentraxin-3 Levels in Beta Thalassemia Major and Minor Patients and Its Relationship With Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Stress. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:12-6. [PMID: 26599985 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia major (TM) results in hemolytic anemia, an increase in intestinal iron absorption, and occurrence of iron loading due to erythrocyte transfusion; the disease is characterized by oxidative damage in major organs. Oxidative stress leads to vascular endothelial damage and forms the basis for serious cardiovascular diseases. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is one of the markers of vascular endothelial damage that increases in response to the oxidative stress, which can be used as an early diagnostic marker for inflammation. This study's purpose is to define the relation between PTX-3 and the vascular endothelial damage that increases with oxidative stress in thalassemia patients. Our study included 35 TM patients, 30 β-thalassemia minor patients, and 30 healthy children. As a result of our study, in TM patients, a positive relation was detected between the PTX-3 levels and the total oxidative stress, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein values, whereas a negative relation was detected with the total antioxidant capacity and high-density lipoprotein values. This result shows that as oxidant stress increases, PTX-3 levels also increase; very low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride contribute to the endothelial damage occurring with oxidative stress. As a result, it was concluded that vascular endothelial damage in thalassemia patients can be evaluated through the serum PTX-3 level.
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Kang M, Min K, Jang J, Kim SC, Kang MS, Jang SJ, Lee JY, Kim SH, Kim MK, An SA, Kim M. Involvement of Immune Responses in the Efficacy of Cord Blood Cell Therapy for Cerebral Palsy. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2259-68. [PMID: 25977995 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and also assessed factors and mechanisms related to the efficacy. Thirty-six children (ages 6 months to 20 years old) with CP were enrolled and treated with UCB or a placebo. Muscle strength and gross motor function were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Along with function measurements, each subject underwent (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography at baseline and 2 weeks after treatment. Cytokine and receptor levels were quantitated in serial blood samples. The UCB group showed greater improvements in muscle strength than the controls at 1 (0.94 vs. -0.35, respectively) and 3 months (2.71 vs. 0.65) after treatment (Ps<0.05). The UCB group also showed greater improvements in gross motor performance than the control group at 6 months (8.54 vs. 2.60) after treatment (P<0.01). Additionally, positron emission tomography scans revealed decreased periventricular inflammation in patients administered UCB, compared with those treated with a placebo. Correlating with enhanced gross motor function, elevations in plasma pentraxin 3 and interleukin-8 levels were observed for up to 12 days after treatment in the UCB group. Meanwhile, increases in blood cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 were noted at 1 day after treatment in the UCB group, and they were correlated with increased muscle strength at 3 months post-treatment. In this trial, treatment with UCB alone improved motor outcomes and induced systemic immune reactions and anti-inflammatory changes in the brain. Generally, motor outcomes were positively correlated with the number of UCB cells administered: a higher number of cells resulted in better outcomes. Nevertheless, future trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of UCB therapy, as the follow-up duration of the present trial was short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mino Kang
- 1 Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Min
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyoung Jang
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- 1 Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Seo Kang
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University and CHA Medical Center Cord Blood Bank , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jang
- 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heum Kim
- 5 Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kim
- 6 Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongSoo A An
- 1 Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Kanzaki G, Shimizu A. Currently available useful immunohistochemical markers of renal pathology for the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection. Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 20 Suppl 2:9-15. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Go Kanzaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inoue
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital
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Rocha-Ferreira E, Hristova M. Antimicrobial peptides and complement in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia induced brain damage. Front Immunol 2015; 6:56. [PMID: 25729383 PMCID: PMC4325932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a clinical condition in the neonate, resulting from oxygen deprivation around the time of birth. HIE affects 1-5/1000 live births worldwide and is associated with the development of neurological deficits, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and cognitive disabilities. Even though the brain is considered as an immune-privileged site, it has innate and adaptive immune response and can produce complement (C) components and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Dysregulation of cerebral expression of AMPs and C can exacerbate or ameliorate the inflammatory response within the brain. Brain ischemia triggers a prolonged inflammatory response affecting the progression of injury and secondary energy failure and involves both innate and adaptive immune systems, including immune-competent and non-competent cells. Following injury to the central nervous system (CNS), including neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), resident microglia, and astroglia are the main cells providing immune defense to the brain in a stimulus-dependent manner. They can express and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore trigger prolonged inflammation, resulting in neurodegeneration. Microglial cells express and release a wide range of inflammation-associated molecules including several components of the complement system. Complement activation following neonatal HI injury has been reported to contribute to neurodegeneration. Astrocytes can significantly affect the immune response of the CNS under pathological conditions through production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunomodulatory AMPs. Astrocytes express β-defensins, which can chemoattract and promote maturation of dendritic cells (DC), and can also limit inflammation by controlling the viability of these same DC. This review will focus on the balance of complement components and AMPs within the CNS following neonatal HI injury and the effect of that balance on the subsequent brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , UK
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Wergeland I, Pullar N, Assmus J, Ueland T, Tonby K, Feruglio S, Kvale D, Damås JK, Aukrust P, Mollnes TE, Dyrhol-Riise AM. IP-10 differentiates between active and latent tuberculosis irrespective of HIV status and declines during therapy. J Infect 2015; 70:381-91. [PMID: 25597826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy efficacy in tuberculosis (TB) are requested. We have studied biomarkers that may differentiate between active and latent TB infection (LTBI), the influence of HIV infection and changes during anti-TB chemotherapy. METHODS Thirty-eight plasma cytokines, assessed by multiplex and enzyme immunoassays, were analyzed in patients with active TB before and during 24 weeks of anti-TB chemotherapy (n = 65), from individuals with LTBI (n = 34) and from QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) negative controls (n = 65). The study participants were grouped according to HIV status. RESULTS Plasma levels of the CXC chemokine IP-10 and soluble TNF receptor type 2 (sTNFr2) significantly differentiated active TB from the LTBI group, irrespective of HIV status. In the HIV-infected group the sensitivity and specificity was 100% for IP-10 with a cut-off of 2547 pg/mL. Plasma IP-10 declined gradually during anti-TB chemotherapy (12-24 weeks, p = 0.002) to a level comparable to LTBI and QFT negative control groups. sTNFr2 fluctuated throughout therapy, but was decreased after 12-24 weeks (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS IP-10 distinguished with high accuracy active TB from LTBI irrespective of HIV infection and declined during anti-TB chemotherapy. Plasma IP-10 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between the stages of TB infection and for monitoring therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wergeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - N Pullar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Assmus
- Center for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - T Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - K Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Feruglio
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - D Kvale
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - P Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A M Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Principles of innate immunity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mortaz E, Adcock IM, Tabarsi P, Masjedi MR, Mansouri D, Velayati AA, Casanova JL, Barnes PJ. Interaction of Pattern Recognition Receptors with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. J Clin Immunol 2014; 35:1-10. [PMID: 25312698 PMCID: PMC4306732 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a major worldwide health problem with 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. Our understanding of TB immunology has become greater and more refined since the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as an etiologic agent and the recognition of new signaling pathways modulating infection. Understanding the mechanisms through which the cells of the immune system recognize MTB can be an important step in designing novel therapeutic approaches, as well as improving the limited success of current vaccination strategies. A great challenge in chronic disease is to understand the complexities, mechanisms, and consequences of host interactions with pathogens. Innate immune responses along with the involvement of distinct inflammatory mediators and cells play an important role in the host defense against the MTB. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in the recognition of MTB including Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) linked to inflammasome activation. Among the TLR family, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and their down-stream signaling proteins play critical roles in the initiation of the immune response in the pathogenesis of TB. The inflammasome pathway is associated with the coordinated release of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 which also play a role in the pathogenesis of TB. Understanding the cross-talk between these signaling pathways will impact on the design of novel therapeutic strategies and in the development of vaccines and immunotherapy regimes. Abnormalities in PRR signaling pathways regulated by TB will affect disease pathogenesis and need to be elucidated. In this review we provide an update on PRR signaling during M. tuberculosis infection and indicate how greater knowledge of these pathways may lead to new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, NY, USA.,Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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Baranova NS, Inforzato A, Briggs DC, Tilakaratna V, Enghild JJ, Thakar D, Milner CM, Day AJ, Richter RP. Incorporation of pentraxin 3 into hyaluronan matrices is tightly regulated and promotes matrix cross-linking. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30481-30498. [PMID: 25190808 PMCID: PMC4215230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are surrounded by a highly hydrated hyaluronan (HA)-rich extracellular matrix with embedded cumulus cells, forming the cumulus cell·oocyte complex (COC) matrix. The correct assembly, stability, and mechanical properties of this matrix, which are crucial for successful ovulation, transport of the COC to the oviduct, and its fertilization, depend on the interaction between HA and specific HA-organizing proteins. Although the proteins inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) have been identified as being critical for COC matrix formation, its supramolecular organization and the molecular mechanism of COC matrix stabilization remain unknown. Here we used films of end-grafted HA as a model system to investigate the molecular interactions involved in the formation and stabilization of HA matrices containing TSG-6, IαI, and PTX3. We found that PTX3 binds neither to HA alone nor to HA films containing TSG-6. This long pentraxin also failed to bind to products of the interaction between IαI, TSG-6, and HA, among which are the covalent heavy chain (HC)·HA and HC·TSG-6 complexes, despite the fact that both IαI and TSG-6 are ligands of PTX3. Interestingly, prior encounter with IαI was required for effective incorporation of PTX3 into TSG-6-loaded HA films. Moreover, we demonstrated that this ternary protein mixture made of IαI, PTX3, and TSG-6 is sufficient to promote formation of a stable (i.e. cross-linked) yet highly hydrated HA matrix. We propose that this mechanism is essential for correct assembly of the COC matrix and may also have general implications in other inflammatory processes that are associated with HA cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David C Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dhruv Thakar
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France, and
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ralf P Richter
- CIC biomaGUNE, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain,; Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France, and; Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Ketter PM, Guentzel MN, Schaffer B, Herzig M, Wu X, Montgomery RK, Parida BK, Fedyk CG, Yu JJ, Jorgensen J, Chambers JP, Cap AP, Arulanandam BP. Severe Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis is associated with elevation of pentraxin 3. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3910-8. [PMID: 25001601 PMCID: PMC4187799 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01958-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens associated with trauma-related wound and bloodstream infections. Although septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported following fulminant A. baumannii sepsis, little is known about the protective host immune response to this pathogen. In this study, we examined the role of PTX3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor with reported antimicrobial properties and stored within neutrophil granules. PTX3 production by murine J774a.1 macrophages was assessed following challenge with A. baumannii strains ATCC 19606 and clinical isolates (CI) 77, 78, 79, 80, and 86. Interestingly, only CI strains 79, 80, and 86 induced PTX3 synthesis in murine J774a.1 macrophages, with greatest production observed following CI 79 and 86 challenge. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were challenged intraperitoneally with CI 77 and 79 to assess the role of PTX3 in vivo. A. baumannii strain CI 79 exhibited significantly (P < 0.0005) increased mortality, with an approximate 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 10(5) CFU, while an equivalent dose of CI 77 exhibited no mortality. Plasma leukocyte chemokines (KC, MCP-1, and RANTES) and myeloperoxidase activity were also significantly elevated following challenge with CI 79, indicating neutrophil recruitment/activation associated with significant elevation in serum PTX3 levels. Furthermore, 10-fold-greater PTX3 levels were observed in mouse serum 12 h postchallenge, comparing CI 79 to CI 77 (1,561 ng/ml versus 145 ng/ml), with concomitant severe pathology (liver and spleen) and coagulopathy. Together, these results suggest that elevation of PTX3 is associated with fulminant disease during A. baumannii sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beverly Schaffer
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Maryanne Herzig
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaowu Wu
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robbie K Montgomery
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bijaya K Parida
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chriselda G Fedyk
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - James Jorgensen
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Cap
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Nakamura A, Miura SI, Shiga Y, Norimatsu K, Miyase Y, Suematsu Y, Mitsutake R, Saku K. Is pentraxin 3 a biomarker, a player, or both in the context of coronary atherosclerosis and metabolic factors? Heart Vessels 2014; 30:752-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sari U, Kaygusuz I, Kafali H. Is pentraxin 3 a new cardiovascular risk marker in polycystic ovary syndrome? Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 78:173-8. [PMID: 25011417 DOI: 10.1159/000363744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have an increased rate of subclinical inflammation, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an inflammatory mediator which belongs to the same family as the well-established cardiovascular biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). The present study was performed to investigate plasma PTX3 levels in patients with PCOS and to determine the relationship between PTX3 and other known cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS 40 patients with PCOS and 40 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The groups were divided into subgroups according to BMI. Insulin resistance indexes, lipid profile, CRP and PTX3 levels were analyzed. RESULTS There was no difference for insulin resistance indexes and lipid profile between the PCOS and control groups. CRP levels were significantly higher in obese PCOS and control subjects than in lean subjects, whereas no difference in PTX3 concentrations was observed between subgroups. CONCLUSION PTX3 and CRP levels were similar in the PCOS group compared with the non-PCOS control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Sari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem Levent Medical Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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Arao K, Fujiwara T, Taniguchi Y, Jinnouchi H, Sasai H, Matsumoto M, Funayama H, Ako J, Momomura SI. Implications of pentraxin 3 levels in patients with acute aortic dissection. Heart Vessels 2014; 30:211-7. [PMID: 24474442 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) causes transient inflammation with occasional pleural fluid (PF) accumulation. Although pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a vascular inflammation-related biomarker, little is known about PTX3 levels in patients with AAD. We explored the serial changes in plasma PTX3 levels and the association of peak levels with the amount of PF accumulation. Consecutive patients (n = 41) with Stanford type B AAD were enrolled, and blood samples for the measurements of serum albumin, plasma PTX3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected daily until 7 days after symptom onset. PF accumulation on computed tomography imaging on the third hospital day was divided into 3 grades (I: none or slight, II: mild in the uni- or bilateral pleural cavity, III: moderate or more). PTX3 and CRP levels were analyzed after logarithmic transformation because of their skewed distributions. Peak PTX3 and CRP levels were observed at 4.3 ± 2.1 and 4.7 ± 2.0 days after symptom onset, and their values were 12.2 [interquartile range (IQR), 8.2-20.9] ng/mL and 12.0 (IQR, 8.6-15.2) mg/dL, respectively. On univariate analysis, the peak level of PTX3 had a negative correlation with the minimum level of serum albumin, and a positive correlation with PF grade and duration of intensive care unit stay. On multivariate analysis, the peak level of PTX3 was correlated with PF grade (P = 0.037). In conclusion, the peak level of PTX3 in patients with AAD was associated with the amount of transient PF accumulation, which may be associated with inflammatory vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Arao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan,
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect many species of rodents, shrews, moles and bats. Infection in these reservoir hosts is almost asymptomatic, but some rodent-borne hantaviruses also infect humans, causing either haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this Review, we discuss the basic molecular properties and cell biology of hantaviruses and offer an overview of virus-induced pathology, in particular vascular leakage and immunopathology.
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Lin RL, Lin YJ, Geer MJ, Kryscio R, Lee LY. Pulmonary chemoreflex responses are potentiated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1536-43. [PMID: 23539315 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01301.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, induces airway hyperresponsiveness, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Hypersensitivity of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents is known to contribute to the airway hyperresponsiveness during an airway inflammatory reaction. Because activation of these afferents can elicit pulmonary chemoreflexes, this study was designed to determine if a pretreatment with TNF-α induced airway inflammation and enhanced the pulmonary chemoreflex sensitivity in anesthetized mice; and if so, whether the effect was mediated through activation of either or both of the TNF receptors, p55 and p75. Our results showed that TNF-α instilled into the lung caused an increased sensitivity of pulmonary chemoreflex responses to various chemical stimulants of the vagal bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents. The increased sensitivity was found 24 h later, persisted at 48 h, and then gradually declined after several days. The TNF-α-induced airway hypersensitivity was accompanied by airway inflammation as shown by a striking elevation of the levels of eosinophils and neutrophils, several potent bronchoactive inflammatory mediators, and proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, the increase in pulmonary chemoreflex response caused by TNF-α was partially abrogated in both p55-null and p75-null mice, but completely abolished in p55/p75-null mice. In conclusion, TNF-α pretreatment induced airway inflammation and a sustained elevation of pulmonary chemoreflex sensitivity, which was mediated through an activation of both types of TNF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Lung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a long pentraxin with diverse humoral innate immune functions. The aims of this study were to measure levels of PTX3 and C-reactive protein (CRP), a hepatocyte-derived short pentraxin, in patients after acute liver injury. METHODS PTX3 and CRP levels were measured in a total of 60 patients [48 paracetamol overdose (POD), 12 non-POD]. PTX3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in explanted liver tissue. RESULTS Admission PTX3 levels were significantly higher in POD acute liver failure (ALF) patients compared with POD non-ALF patients (P=0.0005) and non-POD patients (P=0.004). PTX3 levels in POD patients who died or required orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT, n=14) were significantly higher compared with those in spontaneous survivors (n=34, P=0.0011). The area under the receiver operator characteristic for PTX3 for death/OLT in POD patients was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.93). PTX3 levels were significantly higher in those POD patients who developed the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (P=0.001). Conversely, admission CRP levels were significantly lower in POD compared with non-POD patients (P=0.011), with no significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors. After emergency OLT, PTX3 levels fell markedly; in contrast, CRP levels rapidly increased. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PTX3 expression in sinusoidal lining cells of a normal liver, infiltrating inflammatory cells in patients with ALF, and in a membranous distribution on injured hepatocytes in POD patients. CONCLUSION Increased PTX3 levels are associated with adverse outcomes following POD, suggesting that the humoral innate immune system plays an underrecognized role in this condition.
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Groessl M, Luksch H, Rösen-Wolff A, Shevchenko A, Gentzel M. Profiling of the human monocytic cell secretome by quantitative label-free mass spectrometry identifies stimulus-specific cytokines and proinflammatory proteins. Proteomics 2013; 12:2833-42. [PMID: 22837156 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The immune response to pathogens or injury relies on the concerted release of cytokines and proteins with biological activity important for host protection, host defense, and wound healing. Consequently, the secretome of immune cells provides a promising resource for discovery of specific molecular markers and targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we employ label-free MS for unbiased, quantitative profiling of the human monocytic cell secretome under different proinflammatory stimuli. The quantitative secretome profiles reveal the highly stimulus-dependent cellular response and differential, specific secretion of more than 200 proteins, including important proinflammatory proteins and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Groessl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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Lech M, Rommele C, Anders HJ. Pentraxins in nephrology: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P and pentraxin-3. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:803-11. [PMID: 23243042 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every clinician uses C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a biomarker for systemic inflammation in acute disorders. Nephrologists also consider CRP levels as a predictor for overall mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. But what is the biological function of CRP? CRP is a member of the family of pentraxins, which are small pentameric innate immunity effector proteins. Pentraxins are absent or weakly expressed during homeostasis. However, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor induce CRP and serum amyloid P (SAP) in hepatocytes, whereas the long pentraxins, such as pentraxin (PTX)-3, are produced in peripheral tissues and monocytic phagocytes. Pentraxins opsonize pathogens or other particles such as dead cells, for their phagocytic clearance or induce pathogen killing in extracellular compartments. In this review, we discuss the immunoregulatory properties of the different members of the pentraxin family. We discuss the evolving evidence demonstrating their roles in acute and chronic forms of kidney disease and the significance of SAP and PTX3 as additional biomarkers of innate immune activation and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Lech
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, University of Munich-LMU, Ziemssenstr 1 D-80336, Munich, Germany
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Basile A, Moschetta M, Ditonno P, Ria R, Marech I, De Luisi A, Berardi S, Frassanito MA, Angelucci E, Derudas D, Specchia G, Curci P, Pavone V, Rossini B, Ribatti D, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A, Presta M, Dammacco F, Vacca A. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) inhibits plasma cell/stromal cell cross-talk in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients. J Pathol 2012; 229:87-98. [PMID: 22847671 DOI: 10.1002/path.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor that binds with high affinity and selectivity to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), thus inhibiting its pro-angiogenic activity. Here we investigated the effects of PTX3 on monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) patient-derived bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and fibroblasts (FBs), and assessed whether PTX3 can modulate the cross-talk between PCs and those microenvironment cells. PTX3 and FGF2 expression was evaluated by ELISA. Functional studies, including cell viability, wound healing, chemotaxis, and Matrigel(®) assays, were performed on MGUS and MM ECs and FBs upon the PTX3 treatment. Through western blot PTX3-induced modulation in FGF2/FGF receptor signalling pathways was evaluated in MGUS and MM ECs and FBs through western blot. Co-cultures between MM ECs/FBs and human PC lines were used to evaluate possible PTX3 indirect effects on MM PCs. Adhesion molecules were studied by flow cytometry. PTX3 provides a direct time- and dose-dependent apoptotic effect on MM ECs and FBs, but not on either MM primary PCs or human PC lines. PTX3 inhibits migration of MM ECs and FBs in a dose-dependent manner, and impacts in vitro and in vivo FGF2-mediated MM angiogenesis. Co-cultures of PCs and ECs/FBs show that PTX3 treatment indirectly impairs PC viability and adhesion. We conclude that PTX3 is an anti-angiogenic factor in MM and behaves as a cytotoxic molecule on MM cells by inhibiting the cross-talk between PCs and ECs/FBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Basile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Diamond JM, Meyer NJ, Feng R, Rushefski M, Lederer DJ, Kawut SM, Lee JC, Cantu E, Shah RJ, Lama VN, Bhorade S, Crespo M, Demissie E, Sonett J, Wille K, Orens J, Weinacker A, Weill D, Arcasoy S, Shah PD, Belperio JA, Wilkes D, Ware LB, Palmer SM, Christie JD. Variation in PTX3 is associated with primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:546-52. [PMID: 22822025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0692oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Elevated long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) levels are associated with the development of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation. Abnormalities in innate immunity, mediated by PTX3 release, may play a role in PGD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to test whether variants in the gene encoding PTX3 are risk factors for PGD. METHODS We performed a candidate gene association study in recipients from the multicenter, prospective Lung Transplant Outcomes Group cohort enrolled between July 2002 and July 2009. The primary outcome was International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3 PGD within 72 hours of transplantation. Targeted genotyping of 10 haplotype-tagging PTX3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in lung transplant recipients. The association between PGD and each SNP was evaluated by logistic regression, adjusting for pretransplantation lung disease, cardiopulmonary bypass use, and population stratification. The association between SNPs and plasma PTX3 levels was tested across genotypes in a subset of recipients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Six hundred fifty-four lung transplant recipients were included. The incidence of PGD was 29%. Two linked 5' region variants, rs2120243 and rs2305619, were associated with PGD (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9; P = 0.006 and odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9; P = 0.007, respectively). The minor allele of rs2305619 was significantly associated with higher plasma PTX3 levels measured pretransplantation (P = 0.014) and at 24 hours (P = 0.047) after transplantation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants of PTX3 are associated with PGD after lung transplantation, and are associated with increased PTX3 plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Diamond
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St., 8 West Gates, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Leali D, Inforzato A, Ronca R, Bianchi R, Belleri M, Coltrini D, Di Salle E, Sironi M, Norata GD, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Day AJ, Presta M. Long pentraxin 3/tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 interaction: a biological rheostat for fibroblast growth factor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:696-703. [PMID: 22267482 PMCID: PMC3551298 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.243998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors and by extracellular matrix protein interactions. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a major proangiogenic inducer inhibited by the interaction with the soluble pattern recognition receptor long pentraxin 3 (PTX3). PTX3 is locally coexpressed with its ligand tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), a secreted glycoprotein that cooperates with PTX3 in extracellular matrix assembly. Here, we characterized the effect of TSG-6 on PTX3/FGF2 interaction and FGF2-mediated angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Solid phase binding and surface plasmon resonance assays show that TSG-6 and FGF2 bind the PTX3 N-terminal domain with similar affinity. Accordingly, TSG-6 prevents FGF2/PTX3 interaction and suppresses the inhibition exerted by PTX3 on heparan sulfate proteoglycan/FGF2/FGF receptor complex formation and on FGF2-dependent angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Also, endogenous PTX3 exerts an inhibitory effect on vascularization induced by FGF2 in a murine subcutaneous Matrigel plug assay, the inhibition being abolished in Ptx3-null mice or by TSG-6 treatment in wild-type animals. CONCLUSION TSG-6 reverts the inhibitory effects exerted by PTX3 on FGF2-mediated angiogenesis through competition of FGF2/PTX3 interaction. This may provide a novel mechanism to control angiogenesis in those pathological settings characterized by the coexpression of TSG-6 and PTX3, in which the relative levels of these proteins may fine-tune the angiogenic activity of FGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Leali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Pentraxin 3: a novel biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:657025. [PMID: 22347626 PMCID: PMC3278926 DOI: 10.1155/2012/657025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have recently examined the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in clinical situations. The pentraxin family includes C-reactive protein (CRP); however, unlike CRP, PTX3 is expressed predominantly in atherosclerotic lesions that involve macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, or smooth muscle cells. Interestingly, PTX3 gene expression in human endothelial cells is suppressed to a greater extent by pitavastatin than the expression of 6,000 other human genes that have been examined, suggesting that PTX3 may be a novel biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease. The expression and involvement of PTX3 in cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this paper, along with the characteristics of PTX3 that make it a suitable biomarker; namely, that the physiological concentration is known and it is independent of other risk factors. The results discussed in this paper suggest that further investigations into the potential novel use of PTX3 as a biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease should be undertaken.
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Correlations between pentraxin 3 or cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid and clinical parameters of chronic periodontitis. Odontology 2011; 100:215-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-011-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dubin R, Shlipak M, Li Y, Ix J, de Boer IH, Jenny N, Peralta CA. Racial differences in the association of pentraxin-3 with kidney dysfunction: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:1903-8. [PMID: 21079193 PMCID: PMC3145399 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), an inflammatory marker thought to be related to vascular inflammation, is elevated in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether PTX3 is associated with mild to moderate kidney dysfunction is unknown. METHODS We tested associations of proteins in the pentraxin family [PTX3, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid protein (SAP)] with estimated glomerular filtration rate by cystatin C (eGFRcys) and microalbuminuria among 2824 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Associations were tested using multivariable linear regression with adjustment for demographics (age, gender, annual income), comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, ACE inhibitor and statin use) and systemic inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. RESULTS Among the 2824 participants, mean age was 62 years and mean eGFRcys was 94 mL/min/1.73 m(2); 25% were white, 25% Chinese, 25% African-American and 25% Hispanic. Among all participants after full adjustment, higher PTX3 was associated with lower eGFRcys independently of IL-6 (β - 3.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per unit increase in lnPTX3, P < 0.001). In contrast, CRP and SAP were associated with eGFRcys in demographic adjusted models, but these associations were attenuated after adjustment for comorbidities and IL-6 (lnCRP β - 0.06, P = 0.9; lnSAP β - 0.35, P = 0.7). There was a significant interaction with race/ethnicity (P < 0.001) in the association of PTX3 and eGFRcys. After adjustment for demographics, comorbidities and IL-6, this association was significant in blacks (β - 5.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per unit increase in lnPTX3, P = 0.002) but not in Hispanics (β - 2.4, P = 0.1), Chinese (β - 0.91, P = 0.5) or whites (β - 0.26, P = 0.9). PTX3 and CRP, but not SAP, had correlations with microalbuminuria in unadjusted models (Spearman coefficients PTX3 0.05, P = 0.005; CRP 0.07, P < 0.001; SAP 0.013, P = 0.5), but these were attenuated after full adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular inflammation may be an important mechanism associated with early kidney dysfunction, particularly among blacks. This mechanism appears to be independent of IL-6-regulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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