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Moni SS, Abdelwahab SI, Jabeen A, Elmobark ME, Aqaili D, Ghoal G, Oraibi B, Farasani AM, Jerah AA, Alnajai MMA, Mohammad Alowayni AMH. Advancements in Vaccine Adjuvants: The Journey from Alum to Nano Formulations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1704. [PMID: 38006036 PMCID: PMC10674458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a groundbreaking approach in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of vaccines can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of adjuvants, which are substances that potentiate and modulate the immune response. This review is based on extensive searches in reputable databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The goal of this review is to provide a thorough analysis of the advances in the field of adjuvant research, to trace the evolution, and to understand the effects of the various adjuvants. Historically, alum was the pioneer in the field of adjuvants because it was the first to be approved for use in humans. It served as the foundation for subsequent research and innovation in the field. As science progressed, research shifted to identifying and exploiting the potential of newer adjuvants. One important area of interest is nano formulations. These advanced adjuvants have special properties that can be tailored to enhance the immune response to vaccines. The transition from traditional alum-based adjuvants to nano formulations is indicative of the dynamism and potential of vaccine research. Innovations in adjuvant research, particularly the development of nano formulations, are a promising step toward improving vaccine efficacy and safety. These advances have the potential to redefine the boundaries of vaccination and potentially expand the range of diseases that can be addressed with this approach. There is an optimistic view of the future in which improved vaccine formulations will contribute significantly to improving global health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar S. Moni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.)
| | | | - Aamena Jabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.)
| | - Mohamed Eltaib Elmobark
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.)
| | - Duaa Aqaili
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gassem Ghoal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Oraibi
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia (B.O.)
| | | | - Ahmed Ali Jerah
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi Mohammed A. Alnajai
- General Directorate of Health Services and University Hospital, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Wang H, Xu J, Xiang L. Microneedle-Mediated Transcutaneous Immunization: Potential in Nucleic Acid Vaccination. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300339. [PMID: 37115817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Efforts aimed at exploring economical and efficient vaccination have taken center stage to combat frequent epidemics worldwide. Various vaccines have been developed for infectious diseases, among which nucleic acid vaccines have attracted much attention from researchers due to their design flexibility and wide application. However, the lack of an efficient delivery system considerably limits the clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccines. As mass vaccinations via syringes are limited by low patient compliance and high costs, microneedles (MNs), which can achieve painless, cost-effective, and efficient drug delivery, can provide an ideal vaccination strategy. The MNs can break through the stratum corneum barrier in the skin and deliver vaccines to the immune cell-rich epidermis and dermis. In addition, the feasibility of MN-mediated vaccination is demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies and has tremendous potential for the delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. In this work, the current status of research on MN vaccines is reviewed. Moreover, the improvements of MN-mediated nucleic acid vaccination are summarized and the challenges of its clinical translation in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhua Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Liao HC, Huang MS, Chiu FF, Chai KM, Liao CL, Wu SC, Chen HW, Liu SJ. Co-delivery of a trimeric spike DNA and protein vaccine with aluminum hydroxide enhanced Th1-dominant humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29040. [PMID: 37635380 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein subunit vaccines have been used as prophylactic vaccines for a long time. The well-established properties of these vaccines make them the first choice for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. However, it is not easy to develop a protein vaccine that induces cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and requires a longer time for manufacturing, which limits the usage of this vaccine type. Here, we report the combination of a recombinant spike (S)-trimer protein with a DNA vaccine-encoded S protein as a novel COVID-19 vaccine. The recombinant S protein was formulated with different adjuvants and mixed with the DNA plasmid before injection. We found that the recombinant S protein formulated with the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide and mixed with the DNA plasmid could enhance antigen-specific antibody titers, neutralizing antibody titers. We further evaluated the IgG2a/IgG1 isotype and cytokine profiles of the specific boosted T-cell response, which indicated that the combined vaccine induced a T-helper 1 cell-biased immune response. Immunized hamsters were challenged with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and the body weight of the hamsters that received the recombinant S protein with aluminum hydroxide and/or the DNA plasmid was not reduced. Alternatively, those that received control or only the DNA plasmid immunization were reduced. Interestingly, after the third day of the viral load in the lungs, the viral challenge could not be detected in hamsters immunized with the recombinant S protein in aluminum hydroxide mixed with DNA (tissue culture infectious dose < 10). The viral load in the lungs was 109 , 106 , and 107 for the phosphate-buffered saline, protein in aluminum hydroxide, and DNA-only immunizations, respectively. These results indicated that antiviral mechanisms neutralizing antibodies play important roles. Furthermore, we found that the combination of protein and DNA vaccination could induce relatively strong CD8+ T-cell responses. In summary, the protein subunit vaccine combined with a DNA vaccine could induce strong CD8+ T-cell responses to increase antiviral immunity for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Syuan Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Feng Chiu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kit Man Chai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang T, He P, Guo D, Chen K, Hu Z, Zou Y. Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1756. [PMID: 37376204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of different adjuvants have been tried, aluminum-containing adjuvants are by far the most widely used currently. It is worth mentioning that although aluminum-containing adjuvants have been commonly applied in vaccine production, their acting mechanism remains not completely clear. Thus far, researchers have proposed the following mechanisms: (1) depot effect, (2) phagocytosis, (3) activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway NLRP3, (4) host cell DNA release, and other mechanisms of action. Having an overview on recent studies to increase our comprehension on the mechanisms by which aluminum-containing adjuvants adsorb antigens and the effects of adsorption on antigen stability and immune response has become a mainstream research trend. Aluminum-containing adjuvants can enhance immune response through a variety of molecular pathways, but there are still significant challenges in designing effective immune-stimulating vaccine delivery systems with aluminum-containing adjuvants. At present, studies on the acting mechanism of aluminum-containing adjuvants mainly focus on aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. This review will take aluminum phosphate as a representative to discuss the immune stimulation mechanism of aluminum phosphate adjuvants and the differences between aluminum phosphate adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants, as well as the research progress on the improvement of aluminum phosphate adjuvants (including the improvement of the adjuvant formula, nano-aluminum phosphate adjuvants and a first-grade composite adjuvant containing aluminum phosphate). Based on such related knowledge, determining optimal formulation to develop effective and safe aluminium-containing adjuvants for different vaccines will become more substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Sinovac Biotech Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Peng He
- Division of Hepatitis Virus & Enterovirus Vaccines, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102619, China
| | - Dejia Guo
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Kaixi Chen
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Zhongyu Hu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus & Enterovirus Vaccines, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102619, China
| | - Yening Zou
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
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de Oliveira NR, Santos FDS, Dos Santos VAC, Maia MAC, Oliveira TL, Dellagostin OA. Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy. Pathogens 2023; 12:787. [PMID: 37375478 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first leptospiral recombinant vaccine was developed in the late 1990s. Since then, progress in the fields of reverse vaccinology (RV) and structural vaccinology (SV) has significantly improved the identification of novel surface-exposed and conserved vaccine targets. However, developing recombinant vaccines for leptospirosis faces various challenges, including selecting the ideal expression platform or delivery system, assessing immunogenicity, selecting adjuvants, establishing vaccine formulation, demonstrating protective efficacy against lethal disease in homologous challenge, achieving full renal clearance using experimental models, and reproducibility of protective efficacy against heterologous challenge. In this review, we highlight the role of the expression/delivery system employed in studies based on the well-known LipL32 and leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins, as well as the choice of adjuvants, as key factors to achieving the best vaccine performance in terms of protective efficacy against lethal infection and induction of sterile immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Andrade Colares Maia
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
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Sun B, Zhao X, Gu W, Cao P, Movahedi F, Wu Y, Xu ZP, Gu W. ATP stabilised and sensitised calcium phosphate nanoparticles as effective adjuvants for a DNA vaccine against cancer. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7435-7446. [PMID: 34551058 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines based on DNA encoding oncogenes have shown great potential in preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of DNA vaccines is limited by their weak immunogenicity because of low cellular internalisation and insufficient activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Calcium phosphate (CP) nanoparticles (NPs) are biodegradable vehicles with low toxicity and high loading capacity of DNA but suffer from stability issues. Here we employed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a dual functional agent, i.e. stabiliser for CP and immunological adjuvant, and applied the ATP-modified CP (ACP) NPs to the DNA vaccine. ACP NP-enhanced cellular uptake and improved transfection efficiency of DNA vaccine, and further showed the ability to activate DCs that are critical for them to prime T cells in cancer immunotherapy. As a result, a higher level of antigen-specific antibody with stronger tumour growth inhibition was achieved in mice immunised with the ACP-DNA vaccine. Overall, this one-step synthesised ACP NPs are an efficient nano-delivery system and nano-adjuvant for cancer DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wenxi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Fatemeh Movahedi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanheng Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of Cooper Road & College Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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Wang Q, Muhammad TA, Muhammad WH, Muhammad AM, Muhammad H, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Haemonchus contortus hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid): A promising nanovaccine candidate against Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet Parasitol 2021; 292:109398. [PMID: 33677347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 (HCA59), one of significant excretory/secretory products of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs), is identified to have immunomodulatory eff ;ects on host cells. However, protection potential of the molecule in H. contortus remains poorly understood. In this study, H. contortus recombinant HCA59 protein amalgamated with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle adjuvant was tested for its protection against H. contortus infection in goats. Fifteen goats were allocated into three groups. On days 0 and 14, rHCA59 group was immunized with PLGA nanoparticles encapsulated with recombinant protein HCA59 (rHCA59-PLGA) respectively. Positive control group was unvaccinated, but challenged with H. contortus third stage larvae (L3). Negative control group was unvaccinated and unchallenged with L3. Goats in rHCA59 group and positive control group were challenged with 8000 H. contortus L3 after 14 days of the second immunization. Following immunization, high level of sera IgG, IgA, and IgE, as well as significantly high production of IL-4 and IL-9 was produced in rHCA59 group. After L3 challenge, the level of IL-17 and TGF-β in rHCA59 group increased obviously. Meanwhile, the fecal eggs and the abomasal worm burdens in rHCA59 group was reduced by 44.1 % and 54.6 %, respectively. The studies suggested that rHCA59-PLGA nanoparticles conferred partial protection and could be a good candidate for the development of nanovaccines against H. contortus infection in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiangQiang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Tahir Aleem Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Waqqas Hasan Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ali Memon Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Haseeb Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - LiXin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - XiaoKai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - XiangRui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Liu CH, Huang HY, Tu YF, Lai WY, Wang CL, Sun JR, Chien Y, Lin TW, Lin YY, Chien CS, Huang CH, Chen YM, Huang PI, Wang FD, Yang YP. Highlight of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccine development against COVID-19 pandemic. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:9-13. [PMID: 33186212 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought an unprecedented impact upon the global economy and public health. Although the SARS-CoV-2 virology has been gradually investigated, measures to combat this new threat in public health are still absent. To date, no certificated drug or vaccine has been developed for the treatment or prevention of coronavirus disease Extensive researches and international coordination has been conducted to rapidly develop novel vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Several major breakthroughs have been made through the identification of the genetic sequence and structural/non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, which enabled the development of RNA-, DNA-based vaccines, subunit vaccines, and attenuated viral vaccines. In this review article, we present an overview of the recent advances of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the challenges that may be encountered in the development process, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches that may help in effectively countering COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsuan-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Fang Tu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lin Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-I Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Der Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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A Prime/Boost Vaccine Regimen Alters the Rectal Microbiome and Impacts Immune Responses and Viremia Control Post-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Male and Female Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01225-20. [PMID: 32967951 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01225-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine will likely require induction of both mucosal and systemic immune responses. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two mucosal/systemic vaccine regimens and investigated their effects on the rectal microbiome. Rhesus macaques were primed twice mucosally with replication-competent adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants and boosted twice intramuscularly with ALVAC-SIV recombinant plus SIV gp120 protein or with DNA for SIV genes and rhesus interleukin-12 plus SIV gp120 protein. Controls received empty Ad5hr vector and alum adjuvant only. Both regimens elicited strong, comparable mucosal and systemic cellular and humoral immunity. Prevaccination rectal microbiomes of males and females differed and significantly changed over the course of immunization, most strongly in females after Ad5hr immunizations. Following repeated low-dose intrarectal SIV challenges, both vaccine groups exhibited modestly but significantly reduced acute viremia. Male and female controls exhibited similar acute viral loads; however, vaccinated females, but not males, exhibited lower levels of acute viremia, compared to same-sex controls. Few differences in adaptive immune responses were observed between the sexes. Striking differences in correlations of the rectal microbiome of males and females with acute viremia and immune responses associated with protection were seen and point to effects of the microbiome on vaccine-induced immunity and viremia control. Our study clearly demonstrates direct effects of a mucosal SIV vaccine regimen on the rectal microbiome and validates our previously reported SIV vaccine-induced sex bias. Sex and the microbiome are critical factors that should not be overlooked in vaccine design and evaluation.IMPORTANCE Differences in HIV pathogenesis between males and females, including immunity postinfection, have been well documented, as have steroid hormone effects on the microbiome, which is known to influence mucosal immune responses. Few studies have applied this knowledge to vaccine trials. We investigated two SIV vaccine regimens combining mucosal priming immunizations and systemic protein boosting. We again report a vaccine-induced sex bias, with female rhesus macaques but not males displaying significantly reduced acute viremia. The vaccine regimens, especially the mucosal primes, significantly altered the rectal microbiome. The greatest effects were in females. Striking differences between female and male macaques in correlations of prevalent rectal bacteria with viral loads and potentially protective immune responses were observed. Effects of the microbiome on vaccine-induced immunity and viremia control require further study by microbiome transfer. However, the findings presented highlight the critical importance of considering effects of sex and the microbiome in vaccine design and evaluation.
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Lee LYY, Izzard L, Hurt AC. A Review of DNA Vaccines Against Influenza. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1568. [PMID: 30038621 PMCID: PMC6046547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges of effective vaccination against influenza are gaining more mainstream attention, as recent influenza seasons have reported low efficacy in annual vaccination programs worldwide. Combined with the potential emergence of novel influenza viruses resulting in a pandemic, the need for effective alternatives to egg-produced conventional vaccines has been made increasingly clear. DNA vaccines against influenza have been in development since the 1990s, but the initial excitement over success in murine model trials has been tempered by comparatively poor performance in larger animal models. In the intervening years, much progress has been made to refine the DNA vaccine platform-the rational design of antigens and expression vectors, the development of novel vaccine adjuvants, and the employment of innovative gene delivery methods. This review discusses how these advances have been applied in recent efforts to develop an effective influenza DNA vaccine.
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Zhang L, Yang W, Hu C, Wang Q, Wu Y. Properties and applications of nanoparticle/microparticle conveyors with adjuvant characteristics suitable for oral vaccination. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2973-2987. [PMID: 29861631 PMCID: PMC5968786 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches in the prevention and control of disease worldwide. Oral vaccination could have wide applications if effective protection cannot be achieved through traditional (eg, parenteral) routes of vaccination. However, oral administration is hampered by the difficulties in transferring vaccines in vivo. This has led to the development of materials such as carriers with potential adjuvant effects. Considering the requirements for selecting adjuvants for oral vaccines as well as the advantages of nanoparticle/microparticle materials as immune effectors and antigen conveyors, synthetic materials could improve the efficiency of oral vaccination. In this review, nanoparticles and microparticles with adjuvant characteristics are described with regard to their potential importance for oral immunization, and some promising and successful modification strategies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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Karlsson I, Borggren M, Nielsen J, Christensen D, Williams J, Fomsgaard A. Increased humoral immunity by DNA vaccination using an α-tocopherol-based adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1823-1830. [PMID: 28613978 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1321183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines induce broad immunity, which involves both humoral and strong cellular immunity, and can be rapidly designed for novel or evolving pathogens such as influenza. However, the humoral immunogenicity in humans and higher animals has been suboptimal compared with that of traditional vaccine approaches. We tested whether the emulsion-based and α-tocopherol containing adjuvant Diluvac Forte® has the ability to enhance the immunogenicity of a naked DNA vaccine (i.e., plasmid DNA). As a model vaccine, we used plasmids encoding both a surface-exposed viral glycoprotein (hemagglutinin) and an internal non-glycosylated nucleoprotein in the Th1/Th2 balanced CB6F1 mouse model. The naked DNA (50 µg) was premixed at a 1:1 volume/volume ratio with Diluvac Forte®, an emulsion containing different concentrations of α-tocopherol, the emulsion alone or endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The animals received 2 intracutaneous immunizations spaced 3 weeks apart. When combined with Diluvac Forte® or the emulsion containing α-tocopherol, the DNA vaccine induced a more potent and balanced immunoglobulin G (IgG)1 and IgG2c response, and both IgG subclass responses were significantly enhanced by the adjuvant. The DNA vaccine also induced CD4+ and CD8+ vaccine-specific T cells; however, the adjuvant did not exert a significant impact. We concluded that the emulsion-based adjuvant Diluvac Forte® enhanced the immunogenicity of a naked DNA vaccine encoding influenza proteins and that the adjuvant constituent α-tocopherol plays an important role in this immunogenicity. This induction of a potent and balanced humoral response without impairment of cellular immunity constitutes an important advancement toward effective DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Karlsson
- a Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marie Borggren
- a Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- a Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- b Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Vaccine Adjuvant Research , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jim Williams
- c Nature Technology Corporation , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Anders Fomsgaard
- a Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Infectious Disease Research Unit, Clinical Institute , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
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Mineral Adjuvants∗∗The present chapter is an updated version of the chapter “Mineral Adjuvants,” published in Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, p. 217–233. Ed. Virgil Schijns & Derek O'Hagan, Elsevier Science Publishers (2005). IMMUNOPOTENTIATORS IN MODERN VACCINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149584 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mineral adjuvants comprise aluminum hydroxide and phosphate adjuvants as well as calcium phosphate adjuvants. In particular, the aluminum salts have achieved an undisputed status as the most commonly used adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines. Calcium phosphate adjuvant, later discovered by Edgar Relyveld, constitutes a very interesting alternative and has also been applied both in human and veterinary vaccines. New analytical tools applied in adjuvant research are about to take us to the next level of understanding mineral adjuvants. These tools have been used to characterize mineral adjuvants, but so far, in particular, aluminum-based adjuvants in terms of surface marker expression profiles, isotypic profiles, and cytokine profiles. In the past 10 years, the discovery of adjuvant-mediated induction of the NALP3 inflammasome and its impact on the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as proinflammatory mediators in the early phases of immune response has been described as an important mechanism for the function of these adjuvants.
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Zhang L, Hu C, Yang W, Liu X, Wu Y. Chemical Synthesis, Versatile Structures and Functions of Tailorable Adjuvants for Optimizing Oral Vaccination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34933-34950. [PMID: 27935687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral vaccines have become a recent focus because of their potential significance in disease prevention and therapy. In the development of oral vaccine-based therapeutics, synthetic materials with tailorable structures and versatile functions can act as antigen conveyers with adjuvant effects, reduce the time cost for vaccine optimization, and provide high security and enhanced immunity. This review presents an overview of the current status of tailoring synthetic adjuvants for oral vaccination, modification strategies for producing effectors with specific structures and functions, enhancement of immune-associated efficiencies, including the barrier-crossing capability to protect antigens in the gastrointestinal tract, coordination of the antigens penetrating mucosa and cell barriers, targeting of concentrated antigens to immune-associated cells, and direct stimulation of immune cells. Finally, we focus on prospective synthetic adjuvants that facilitate the use of oral vaccines via two approaches, namely, in vivo antigen expression and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
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Shan S, Fenwick S, Ellis T, Poinern E, Edwards J, Le X, Jiang Z. Evaluation of different chemical adjuvants on an avian influenza H6 DNA vaccine in chickens. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:649-656. [PMID: 27314157 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1195488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the ability of three adjuvants (aluminium hydroxide, Essai (microparticle) and Phema (nanoparticle)) to enhance the immune response of chickens to an H6N2 avian influenza DNA vaccine. No haemagglutination inhibition antibody was detected following two intramuscular immunizations with the adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pCAG-HAk vaccine, which has previously been shown to induce moderate H6 haemagglutinin antibody response in SPF chickens. Following virus challenge, neither the vaccinated group without adjuvant nor the Essai-adjuvanted group showed a statistically significant reduction in virus shedding in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs compared with the naive control group. However, the aluminium hydroxide and Phema-adjuvanted groups significantly reduced the frequency of virus shedding in oropharyngeal swabs, indicating that these adjuvants appeared to further enhance the vaccine potency. Aluminium hydroxide holds promise as an adjuvant for enhancing DNA-induced immune response in chickens owing to its low price and safety record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Shan
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
| | - Stan Fenwick
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
| | - Trevor Ellis
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
| | - Eddy Poinern
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
| | - John Edwards
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
| | - Xuan Le
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
| | - Zhongtao Jiang
- a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , Perth , Australia
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Lee MF, Song PP, Lin TM, Chiu YT, Chen YH. For t 2 DNA vaccine prevents Forcipomyia taiwana (biting midge) allergy in a mouse model. Allergy 2016; 71:522-31. [PMID: 26715616 DOI: 10.1111/all.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forcipomyia taiwana (biting midge) is the most prevalent allergenic biting insect in Taiwan, and 60% of the exposed subjects develop allergic reactions. Subjects with insect allergy frequently limit their outdoor activities to avoid the annoyingly intense itchy allergic reactions, leading to significant worsening of their quality of life. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only known therapy that provides long-term host immune tolerance to the allergen, but is time-consuming and cumbersome. This study tested whether the For t 2 DNA vaccine can prevent allergic symptoms in For t 2-sensitized mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two consecutive shots of For t 2 DNA vaccine were given to mice with a 7-day interval before sensitization with recombinant For t 2 proteins, using the two-step sensitization protocol reported previously. RESULTS The For t 2 DNA vaccine at 50 μg prevented the production of For t 2-specific IgE (P < 0.05), as well as midge allergen-challenge-induced scratch bouts, midge allergen-induced IL-13 and IL-4 production from splenocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the lesions 48 h after intradermal challenge. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that DNA vaccine encoding midge allergen is effective in preventing allergic skin inflammation induced by biting midge. Immunotherapy using For t 2 DNA vaccine can protect mice from being sensitized by midge allergen and may be a promising treatment for biting midge allergy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-F. Lee
- Department of Medical Research; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - P.-P. Song
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - T.-M. Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Y.-T. Chiu
- Department of Medical Research; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Y.-H. Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Life Science; Tunghai University; Taichung Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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Abstract
In the two decades since their initial discovery, DNA vaccines technologies have come a long way. Unfortunately, when applied to human subjects inadequate immunogenicity is still the biggest challenge for practical DNA vaccine use. Many different strategies have been tested in preclinical models to address this problem, including novel plasmid vectors and codon optimization to enhance antigen expression, new gene transfection systems or electroporation to increase delivery efficiency, protein or live virus vector boosting regimens to maximise immune stimulation, and formulation of DNA vaccines with traditional or molecular adjuvants. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of DNA vaccines has also enabled better use of the intrinsic host response to DNA to improve vaccine immunogenicity. This review summarizes recent advances in DNA vaccine technologies and related intracellular events and how these might impact on future directions of DNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- a Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park , Adelaide , Australia.,b Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- a Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park , Adelaide , Australia.,b Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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Yang J, Li Y, Jin S, Xu J, Wang PC, Liang XJ, Zhang X. Engineered biomaterials for development of nucleic acid vaccines. Biomater Res 2015; 19:5. [PMID: 26331076 PMCID: PMC4552455 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-014-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have attracted many attentions since they have presented some superiority over traditional vaccines. However, they could only induce moderate immunogenicity. The route and formulation of nucleic acid vaccines have strong effects on the immune response and efficiency. Numerous biomaterials are used as a tool to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens. They deliver the antigens into the cells through particle- and non-particle-mediated pathway. However, challenges remain due to lack of comprehensive understanding of the actions of these biomaterials as a carrier/adjuvant. Herein, this review focuses on the evolution of biomaterials used for nucleic acid vaccines, discusses the advantages and disadvantages for gene delivery and immunostimulation of variety of structures of the biomaterials, in order to provide new thought on rational design of carrier/adjuvant and better understanding of mechanism of action in both immunostimulatory and delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 PR China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 PR China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Shubin Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 PR China
| | - Paul C Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060 USA
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 PR China
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Grunwald T, Ulbert S. Improvement of DNA vaccination by adjuvants and sophisticated delivery devices: vaccine-platforms for the battle against infectious diseases. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:1-10. [PMID: 25648133 PMCID: PMC4313101 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advantages of DNA vaccination against infectious diseases over more classical immunization methods include the possibilities for rapid manufacture, fast adaptation to newly emerging pathogens and high stability at ambient temperatures. In addition, upon DNA immunization the antigen is produced by the cells of the vaccinated individual, which leads to activation of both cellular and humoral immune responses due to antigen presentation via MHC I and MHC II molecules. However, so far DNA vaccines have shown most efficient immunogenicity mainly in small rodent models, whereas in larger animals including humans there is still the need to improve effectiveness. This is mostly due to inefficient delivery of the DNA plasmid into cells and nuclei. Here, we discuss technologies used to overcome this problem, including physical means such as in vivo electroporation and co-administration of adjuvants. Several of these methods have already entered clinical testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Designing and building the next generation of improved vaccine adjuvants. J Control Release 2014; 190:563-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Short noncoding DNA fragments improve the immune potency of electroporation-mediated HBV DNA vaccination. Gene Ther 2014; 21:703-8. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hung JT, Tsai YC, Lin WD, Jan JT, Lin KH, Huang JR, Cheng JY, Chen MW, Wong CH, Yu AL. Potent adjuvant effects of novel NKT stimulatory glycolipids on hemagglutinin based DNA vaccine for H5N1 influenza virus. Antiviral Res 2014; 107:110-8. [PMID: 24786174 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
H5N1 influenza virus is a highly pathogenic virus, posing a pandemic threat. Previously, we showed that phenyl analogs of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) displayed greater NKT stimulation than α-GalCer. Here, we examined the adjuvant effects of one of the most potent analogs, C34, on consensus hemagglutinin based DNA vaccine (pCHA5) for H5N1 virus. Upon intramuscular electroporation of mice with pCHA5 with/without various α-GalCer analogs, C34-adjuvanted group developed the highest titer against consensus H5 and more HA-specific IFN-γ secreting CD8 cells (203±13.5) than pCHA5 alone (152.6±13.7, p<0.05). Upon lethal challenge of NIBRG-14 virus, C34-adjuvanted group (84.6%) displayed higher survival rate than pCHA5 only group (46.1%). In the presence of C34 as adjuvant, the antisera displayed broader and greater neutralizing activities against virions pseudotyped with HA of clade 1, and 2.2 than pCHA5 only group. Moreover, to simulate an emergency response to a sudden H5N1 outbreak, we injected mice intramuscularly with single dose of a new consensus H5 (pCHA5-II) based on 1192 full-length H5 sequences, with C34 as adjuvant. The latter not only enhanced the humoral immune response and protection against virus challenge, but also broadened the spectrum of neutralization against pseudotyped HA viruses. Our vaccine strategy can be easily implemented for any H5N1 virus outbreak by single IM injection of a consensus H5 DNA vaccine based on updated HA sequences using C34 as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Tung Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alice L Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Tabatabaie F, Mahdavi M, Faezi S, Dalimi A, Sharifi Z, Akhlaghi L, Ghaffarifar F. Th1 Platform Immune Responses Against Leishmania major Induced by Thiol-Specific Antioxidant-Based DNA Vaccines. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e8974. [PMID: 25147675 PMCID: PMC4138682 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) is an antigen of Leishmania major which is believed to be the most promising molecule as a vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the protective efficacy of TSA-based DNA vaccine against L. major infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant plasmid construction TSA (pcTSA) was prepared and transfected into eukaryotic cells and expression was confirmed with western blot and RT-PCR. The mice were assigned to six different groups and DNA immunization was performed with 100 µg intramuscular recombinant plasmid with a two-week interval. Cytokines and lymphocyte proliferation assay, antibody responses and determination of parasite burden were performed following immunization and the challenging infection with L. major. RESULTS The antibody and IFN-γ titers were higher in pcTSA + AlPO4 group the immunized mice with pcTSA alone, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Additionally the IL-4 titer was not statistically different between the groups following immunization and challenge. After infection with L. major promastigotes, the immunized mice with pcTSA and the one immunized with both pcTSA + AlPO4 presented a considerable reduction in diameter of lesion but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The immunized mice had significantly lower parasite loads. No significant differences were observed between the two vaccinated groups. However the highest reduction in parasite burden was observed in the group immunized with pcDNA + AlPO4. No significant differences were observed in survival rate of the immunized mice after the challenge with L. major. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TSA-based DNA vaccine induced Th1 platform immune response and aluminum phosphate could improve the efficacy of these vaccines with induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against L. major infection. There were no significant differences observed between pcTSA and pcTSA + AlPO4 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Lame Akhlaghi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, IR Iran, E-mail:
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Quijano-Hernández IA, Castro-Barcena A, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Bolio-González ME, Ortega-López J, Dumonteil E. Preventive and therapeutic DNA vaccination partially protect dogs against an infectious challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi. Vaccine 2013; 31:2246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kwak K, Jiang R, Jagu S, Wang JW, Wang C, Christensen ND, Roden RBS. Multivalent human papillomavirus l1 DNA vaccination utilizing electroporation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60507. [PMID: 23536912 PMCID: PMC3607584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Naked DNA vaccines can be manufactured simply and are stable at ambient temperature, but require improved delivery technologies to boost immunogenicity. Here we explore in vivo electroporation for multivalent codon-optimized human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 and L2 DNA vaccination. Methods Balb/c mice were vaccinated three times at two week intervals with a fusion protein comprising L2 residues ∼11−88 of 8 different HPV types (11−88×8) or its DNA expression vector, DNA constructs expressing L1 only or L1+L2 of a single HPV type, or as a mixture of several high-risk HPV types and administered utilizing electroporation, i.m. injection or gene gun. Serum was collected two weeks and 3 months after the last vaccination. Sera from immunized mice were tested for in-vitro neutralization titer, and protective efficacy upon passive transfer to naive mice and vaginal HPV challenge. Heterotypic interactions between L1 proteins of HPV6, HPV16 and HPV18 in 293TT cells were tested by co-precipitation using type-specific monoclonal antibodies. Results Electroporation with L2 multimer DNA did not elicit detectable antibody titer, whereas DNA expressing L1 or L1+L2 induced L1-specific, type-restricted neutralizing antibodies, with titers approaching those induced by Gardasil. Co-expression of L2 neither augmented L1-specific responses nor induced L2-specific antibodies. Delivery of HPV L1 DNA via in vivo electroporation produces a stronger antibody response compared to i.m. injection or i.d. ballistic delivery via gene gun. Reduced neutralizing antibody titers were observed for certain types when vaccinating with a mixture of L1 (or L1+L2) vectors of multiple HPV types, likely resulting from heterotypic L1 interactions observed in co-immunoprecipitation studies. High titers were restored by vaccinating with individual constructs at different sites, or partially recovered by co-expression of L2, such that durable protective antibody titers were achieved for each type. Discussion Multivalent vaccination via in vivo electroporation requires spatial separation of individual type L1 DNA vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Alphapapillomavirus/classification
- Alphapapillomavirus/genetics
- Alphapapillomavirus/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line
- Electroporation
- Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18
- Humans
- Mice
- Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyuck Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rosie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subhashini Jagu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua W. Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jones BG, Sealy RE, Zhan X, Freiden PJ, Surman SL, Blanchard JL, Hurwitz JL. UV-inactivated vaccinia virus (VV) in a multi-envelope DNA-VV-protein (DVP) HIV-1 vaccine protects macaques from lethal challenge with heterologous SHIV. Vaccine 2012; 30:3188-95. [PMID: 22425790 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of HIV-1 has continued for decades, yet there remains no licensed vaccine. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of a multi-envelope, multi-vectored HIV-1 vaccine in a macaque-SHIV model, illustrating a potential means of combating HIV-1. Specifically, recombinant DNA, vaccinia virus (VV) and purified protein (DVP) delivery systems were used to vaccinate animals with dozens of antigenically distinct HIV-1 envelopes for induction of immune breadth. The vaccinated animals controlled disease following challenge with a heterologous SHIV. This demonstration suggested that the antigenic cocktail vaccine strategy, which has succeeded in several other vaccine fields (e.g. pneumococcus), might also succeed against HIV-1. The strategy remains untested in an advanced clinical study, in part due to safety concerns associated with the use of replication-competent VV. To address this concern, we designed a macaque study in which psoralen/ultraviolet light-inactivated VV (UV VV) was substituted for replication-competent VV in the multi-envelope DVP protocol. Control animals received a vaccine encompassing no VV, or no vaccine. All VV vaccinated animals generated an immune response toward VV, and all vaccinated animals generated an immune response toward HIV-1 envelope. After challenge with heterologous SHIV 89.6P, animals that received replication-competent VV or UV VV experienced similar outcomes. They exhibited reduced peak viral loads, maintenance of CD4+ T cell counts and improved survival compared to control animals that received no VV or no vaccine; there were 0/15 deaths among all animals that received VV and 5/9 deaths among controls. Results define a practical means of improving VV safety, and encourage advancement of a promising multi-envelope DVP HIV-1 vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
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Shlapobersky M, Marshak JO, Dong L, Huang ML, Wei Q, Chu A, Rolland A, Sullivan S, Koelle DM. Vaxfectin-adjuvanted plasmid DNA vaccine improves protection and immunogenicity in a murine model of genital herpes infection. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1305-1315. [PMID: 22398318 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.040055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) envelope glycoprotein (gD2) was evaluated as a potential antigen candidate for a plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based HSV-2 vaccine. The pDNA was formulated with Vaxfectin, a cationic lipid-based adjuvant, and tested in a murine HSV-2 lethal challenge model. gD2 was expressed as full-length (FL) and secreted (S) gD2 forms. A 0.1 µg pDNA dose was tested to distinguish treatment conditions for survival and a 100 µg pDNA dose was tested to distinguish treatment conditions for reduction in vaginal and latent HSV-2 copies. Vaxfectin-formulated gD2 pDNA significantly increased serum IgG titres and survival for both FL gD2 and S gD2 compared with gD2 pDNA alone. Mice immunized with FL gD2 formulated with Vaxfectin showed reduction in vaginal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) HSV-2 copies. The stringency of this protection was further evaluated by testing Vaxfectin-formulated FL gD2 pDNA at a high 500 LD(50) inoculum. At this high viral challenge, the 0.1 µg dose of FL gD2 Vaxfectin-formulated pDNA yielded 80 % survival compared with no survival for FL gD2 pDNA alone. Vaxfectin-formulated FL gD2 pDNA, administered at a 100 µg pDNA dose, significantly reduced HSV-2 DNA copy number, compared with FL gD2 DNA alone. In addition, 40 % of mice vaccinated with adjuvanted FL pDNA had no detectable HSV-2 viral genomes in the DRG, whereas all mice vaccinated with gD2 pDNA alone were positive for HSV-2 viral genomes. These results show the potential contribution of Vaxfectin-gD2 pDNA to a future multivalent HSV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shlapobersky
- Vical Incorporated, 10390 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joshua O Marshak
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lichun Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qun Wei
- Vical Incorporated, 10390 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alice Chu
- Vical Incorporated, 10390 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alain Rolland
- Vical Incorporated, 10390 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sean Sullivan
- Vical Incorporated, 10390 Pacific Center Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Khosroshahi KH, Ghaffarifar F, Sharifi Z, D'Souza S, Dalimi A, Hassan ZM, Khoshzaban F. Comparing the effect of IL-12 genetic adjuvant and alum non-genetic adjuvant on the efficiency of the cocktail DNA vaccine containing plasmids encoding SAG-1 and ROP-2 of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:403-11. [PMID: 22350714 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various methods are available for enhancing the potency of DNA vaccines, including employment of different forms of adjuvant. The current study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effects of genetic and non-genetic adjuvants on the immune response stimulated by DNA vaccine. Thus, two adjuvants, IL-12 (genetic adjuvant) and aluminum hydroxide (alum, non-genetic adjuvant), were used with cocktail DNA vaccine containing plasmids encoding complete rhoptry antigen 2 (ROP-2) and surface major antigen 1 (SAG-1) of Toxoplasma gondii. The efficacy of pcROP2+pcSAG1 in stimulation of the immune response against toxoplasmosis with and without adjuvant was evaluated in female BALB/c mice by measuring the level of total IgG antibody and cytokines. The results obtained indicated that after challenging the mice with the fatal RH strain of T. gondii, the survival rates of mice immunized with pcROP2+pcSAG1 (DNA cocktail), pcSAG1+pcROP2+alum, and pcSAG1+pcROP2+IL-12 were significantly greater than that of the control groups (p<0.05). Moreover, measurement of total IgG antibody indicated the significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05). Finally, the results obtained by measurement of cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) showed high levels of IFN-γ and low levels of IL-4 in groups vaccinated with pcROP2+pcSAG1 (DNA cocktail), pcSAG1+pcROP2+alum, and pcSAG1+pcROP2+IL-12 as the experiment groups, in comparison with the controls groups (PBS, pc-DNA3, alum+PBS, and pCAGGS-IL-12+pcDNA3). The results of the study showed that use of adjuvants (IL-12 and alum) coincident with DNA cocktail leads to significant change in the survival rates of the experiment groups in comparison with control groups. Also, there is no significant difference between adjuvants to induce immune responses.
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Abstract
Despite many years of research, human DNA vaccines have yet to fulfill their early promise. Over the past 15 years, multiple generations of DNA vaccines have been developed and tested in preclinical models for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the areas of infectious disease and cancer, but have failed in the clinic. Thus, while DNA vaccines have achieved successful licensure for veterinary applications, their poor immunogenicity in humans when compared with traditional protein-based vaccines has hindered their progress. Many strategies have been attempted to improve DNA vaccine potency including use of more efficient promoters and codon optimization, addition of traditional or genetic adjuvants, electroporation, intradermal delivery and various prime-boost strategies. This review summarizes these advances in DNA vaccine technologies and attempts to answer the question of when DNA vaccines might eventually be licensed for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Saade
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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Redig PT, Tully TN, Ritchie BW, Roy AF, Baudena MA, Chang GJJ. Effect of West Nile virus DNA-plasmid vaccination on response to live virus challenge in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:1065-70. [PMID: 21801064 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.8.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an experimental adjuvanted DNA-plasmid vaccine against West Nile virus (WNV) in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). ANIMALS 19 permanently disabled but otherwise healthy red-tailed hawks of mixed ages and both sexes without detectable serum antibodies against WNV. PROCEDURES Hawks were injected IM with an experimental WNV DNA-plasmid vaccine in an aluminum-phosphate adjuvant (n = 14) or with the adjuvant only (control group; 5). All birds received 2 injections at a 3-week interval. Blood samples for serologic evaluation were collected before the first injection and 4 weeks after the second injection (day 0). At day 0, hawks were injected SC with live WNV. Pre- and postchallenge blood samples were collected at intervals for 14 days for assessment of viremia and antibody determination; oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected for assessment of viral shedding. RESULTS Vaccination was not associated with morbidity or deaths. Three of the vaccinated birds seroconverted after the second vaccine injection; all other birds seroconverted following the live virus injection. Vaccinated birds had significantly less severe viremia and shorter and less-intense shedding periods, compared with the control birds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the WNV DNA-plasmid vaccine in red-tailed hawks was safe, and vaccination attenuated but did not eliminate both the viremia and the intensity of postchallenge shedding following live virus exposure. Further research is warranted to conclusively determine the efficacy of this vaccine preparation for protection of red-tailed hawks and other avian species against WNV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Redig
- Department of Clinical Sciences and The Raptor Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Li N, Yu YZ, Yu WY, Sun ZW. Enhancement of the immunogenicity of DNA replicon vaccine of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A by GM-CSF gene adjuvant. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:211-9. [PMID: 21284488 DOI: 10.3109/08923971003782327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage clony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an attractive adjuvant for a DNA vaccine on account of its ability to recruit antigen-presenting cells to the site of antigen synthesis as well as stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells.This study evaluated the utility of GM-CSF as a plasmid DNA replicon vaccine adjuvants for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) in mouse model. In balb/c mice that received the plasmid DNA replicon vaccines derived from Semliki Forest virus (SFV) carrying the Hc gene of BoNT/A (AHc), both antibody and lymphoproliferative response specific to AHc were induced, the immunogenicity was enhanced by co-delivery or coexpress of the GM-CSF gene. In particular, when AHc and GM-CSF were coexpressed within the SFV based DNA vaccine, the anti-AHc antibody titers and survival rates of immunized mice after challenged with BoNT/A were significantly increased, and further enhanced by coimmunization with aluminum phosphate adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Yu YZ, Wang WB, Li N, Wang S, Yu WY, Sun ZW. Enhanced potency of individual and bivalent DNA replicon vaccines or conventional DNA vaccines by formulation with aluminum phosphate. Biologicals 2011; 38:658-63. [PMID: 20805035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines against botulinum neurotoxin (BoNTs) induce protective humoral immune responses in mouse model, but when compared with conventional vaccines such as toxoid and protein vaccines, DNA vaccines often induce lower antibody level and protective efficacy and are still necessary to increase their potency. In this study we evaluated the potency of aluminum phosphate as an adjuvant of DNA vaccines to enhance antibody responses and protective efficacy against botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B in Balb/c mice. The administration of these individual and bivalent plasmid DNA replicon vaccines against botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B in the presence of aluminum phosphate improved both antibody responses and protective efficacy. Furthermore, formulation of conventional plasmid DNA vaccines encoding the same Hc domains of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B with aluminum phosphate adjuvant increased both antibody responses and protective efficacy. These results indicate aluminum phosphate is an effective adjuvant for these two types of DNA vaccines (i.e., plasmid DNA replicon vaccines and conventional plasmid DNA vaccines), and the vaccine formulation described here may be an excellent candidate for further vaccine development against botulinum neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhou Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Protein Engineering of Lab, 20 Dong Dajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China.
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Zhao G, Yan R, Muleke CI, Sun Y, Xu L, Li X. Vaccination of goats with DNA vaccines encoding H11 and IL-2 induces partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet J 2011; 191:94-100. [PMID: 21330170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines expressing Haemonchus contortus H11 antigen with or without interleukin (IL)-2 were tested for protection against H. contortus infection in goats. Sixteen goats (8-10 months of age) were allocated into four trial groups. On days 0 and 14, group 1 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 and group 2 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 only. Group 3 was an unvaccinated positive control group challenged with H. contortus third stage larvae (L3). Group 4 was an unvaccinated negative control group that was not challenged with L3. Animals in groups 1-3 were challenged with 5000 infective H. contortus L3 14 days after the second immunisation. Transcription of H11 and IL-2 was demonstrated in muscle by reverse transcriptase-PCR 10 days after primary immunisation and translation of H11 was detected by Western blot analysis 7 days after the second immunisation. Following immunisation with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2, high levels of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, non-specific serum IgA, mucosal IgA, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were produced. Following challenge with L3, cumulative mean faecal worm egg counts and worm burdens in group 1 were reduced by 56.6% and 46.7%, respectively, while corresponding reductions in group 2 were 44.8% and 38.0%. There was a small but significant difference in abomasal worm burdens in goats in groups 1 (395.3±37.6) and 2 (459.5±101.6) compared to group 3 (741.5±241.5; P<0.05). Use of a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 conferred partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangWei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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Effect of a combination DNA vaccine for the prevention and therapy of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice: role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Vaccine 2010; 28:7414-9. [PMID: 20850536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a major public health problem, with about 10 million infected people, and DNA vaccines are a promising alternative for the control of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of the disease. We tested here a new DNA vaccine encoding a combination of two leading parasite antigens, TSA-1 and Tc24, for the prevention and therapy of T. cruzi infection. Immunized Balb/c mice challenged by T. cruzi presented a significantly lower parasitemia and inflammatory cell density in the heart compared to control mice. Similarly, the therapeutic administration of the DNA vaccine was able to significantly reduce the parasitemia and inflammatory reaction in acutely infected Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice, and reduced cardiac tissue inflammation in chronically infected ICR mice. Therapeutic vaccination induced a marked increase in parasite-specific IFNγ producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the spleen as well as an increase in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the infected cardiac tissue. In addition, some effect of the DNA vaccine could still be observed in CD4-knockout C57BL/6 mice, which presented a lower parasitemia and inflammatory cell density, but not in CD8-deficient mice, in which the vaccine had no effect. These results indicate that the activation of CD8(+) T cells plays a major role in the control of the infection by the therapeutic DNA vaccine, and to a somewhat lesser extent CD4(+) T cells. This observation opens interesting perspectives for the potentiation of this DNA vaccine candidate by including additional CD8(+) T cell antigens/epitopes in future vaccine formulations.
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Kaur M, Saxena A, Rai A, Bhatnagar R. Rabies DNA vaccine encoding lysosome‐targeted glycoprotein supplemented with Emulsigen‐D confers complete protection in preexposure and postexposure studies in BALB/c mice. FASEB J 2009; 24:173-83. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-138644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic EngineeringSchool of BiotechnologyJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ankur Saxena
- National Biotechnology CenterIndian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarIndia
| | - Anant Rai
- National Biotechnology CenterIndian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarIndia
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic EngineeringSchool of BiotechnologyJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
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Abstract
Intramuscular (i.m.) DNA vaccination induces strong cellular immune responses in the mouse, but only at DNA doses that cannot be achieved in humans. Because antigen expression is weak after naked DNA injection, we screened five nonionic block copolymers of poly(ethyleneoxide)-poly(propyleneoxide) (PEO-PPO) for their ability to enhance DNA vaccination using a beta-galactosidase (betaGal) encoding plasmid, pCMV-betaGal, as immunogen. At a high DNA dose, formulation with the tetrafunctional block copolymers 304 (molecular weight [MW] 1,650) and 704 (MW 5,500) and the triblock copolymer Lutrol (MW 8,600) increased betaGal-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) responses 2-2.5-fold. More importantly, 704 allowed significant reductions in the dose of antigen-encoding plasmid. A single injection of 2 microg pCMV-betaGal with 704 gave humoral and ELISPOT responses equivalent to those obtained with 100 microg naked DNA and conferred protection in tumor vaccination models. However, 704 had no adjuvant properties for betaGal protein, and immune responses were only elicited by low doses of pCMV-betaGal formulated with 704 if noncoding carrier DNA was added to maintain total DNA dose at 20 microg. Overall, these results show that formulation with 704 and carrier DNA can reduce the dose of antigen-encoding plasmid by at least 50-fold.
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Mucosal adjuvanticity of a Shigella invasin complex with dna-based vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:574-86. [PMID: 19225079 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00435-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protection against many infectious diseases may require the induction of cell-mediated and mucosal immunity. Immunization with plasmid DNA-based vaccines has successfully induced cell-mediated immune responses in small animals but is less potent in humans. Therefore, several methods are under investigation to augment DNA vaccine immunogenicity. In the current study, a mucosal adjuvant consisting of an invasin protein-lipopolysaccharide complex (Invaplex) isolated from Shigella spp. was evaluated as an adjuvant for DNA-based vaccines. Coadministration of plasmid DNA encoding the Orientia tsutsugamushi r56Karp protein with Invaplex resulted in enhanced cellular and humoral responses in intranasally immunized mice compared to immunization with DNA without adjuvant. Mucosal immunoglobulin A, directed to plasmid-encoded antigen, was detected in lung and intestinal compartments after Invaplex-DNA immunization followed by a protein booster. Moreover, immunization with Invaplex elicited Shigella-specific immune responses, highlighting its potential use in a combination vaccine strategy. The capacity of Invaplex to enhance the immunogenicity of plasmid-encoded genes suggested that Invaplex promoted the uptake and expression of the delivered genes. To better understand the native biological activities of Invaplex related to its adjuvanticity, interactions between Invaplex and mammalian cells were characterized. Invaplex rapidly bound to and was internalized by nonphagocytic, eukaryotic cells in an endocytic process dependent on actin polymerization and independent of microtubule formation. Invaplex also mediated transfection with several plasmid DNA constructs, which could be inhibited with monoclonal antibodies specific for IpaB and IpaC or Invaplex-specific polyclonal sera. The cellular binding and transport capabilities of Invaplex likely contribute to the adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of Invaplex.
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Simabuco FM, Tamura RE, Carromeu C, Farinha-Arcieri LE, Ventura AM. Gene optimization leads to robust expression of human respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein in human cells and induction of humoral immunity in mice. J Virol Methods 2009; 158:93-9. [PMID: 19428575 PMCID: PMC7119700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the major pathogen leading to respiratory disease in infants and neonates worldwide. An effective vaccine has not yet been developed against this virus, despite considerable efforts in basic and clinical research. HRSV replication is independent of the nuclear RNA processing constraints, since the virus genes are adapted to the cytoplasmic transcription, a process performed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This study shows that meaningful nuclear RNA polymerase II dependent expression of the HRSV nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) proteins can only be achieved with the optimization of their genes, and that the intracellular localization of N and P proteins changes when they are expressed out of the virus replication context. Immunization tests performed in mice resulted in the induction of humoral immunity using the optimized genes. This result was not observed for the non-optimized genes. In conclusion, optimization is a valuable tool for improving expression of HRSV genes in DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Armando M. Ventura
- Corresponding author at: Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil. Tel.: +55 11 3091 7276; fax: +55 11 3091 7354.
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Gaymalov ZZ, Yang Z, Pisarev VM, Alakhov VY, Kabanov AV. The effect of the nonionic block copolymer pluronic P85 on gene expression in mouse muscle and antigen-presenting cells. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1232-45. [PMID: 19064283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines can be greatly improved by polymer agents that simultaneously increase transgene expression and activate immunity. We describe here Pluronic P85 (P85), a triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) EO(26)-PO(40)-EO(26). Using a mouse model we demonstrate that co-administration of a bacterial plasmid DNA with P85 in a skeletal muscle greatly increases gene expression in the injection site and distant organs, especially the draining lymph nodes and spleen. The reporter expression colocalizes with the specific markers of myocytes and keratinocytes in the muscle, as well as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages in the muscle, lymph nodes and spleen. Furthermore, DNA/P85 and P85 alone increase the systemic expansion of CD11c+ (DC), and local expansion of CD11c+, CD14+ (macrophages) and CD49b+ (natural killer) cell populations. DNA/P85 (but not P85) also increases maturation of local DC (CD11c+ CD86+, CD11c+ CD80 +, and CD11c+ CD40+. We suggest that DNA/P85 promotes the activation and recruitment of the antigen-presenting cells, which further incorporate, express and carry the transgene to the immune system organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zagit Z Gaymalov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, United States
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Abstract
This unit details some of the key methods for setting up and testing DNA vaccines in animal models. The basic procedures are discussed, as well as alternative methods that have been developed over the past several years. The Basic Protocol gives step-by-step instructions for administering the DNA vaccine via intramuscular injection of the quadriceps muscle, while an alternate procedure details injection of the anterior tibialis.
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Hem SL, Hogenesch H. Relationship between physical and chemical properties of aluminum-containing adjuvants and immunopotentiation. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 6:685-98. [PMID: 17931150 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.5.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-containing adjuvants are an important component of many vaccines because they safely potentiate the immune response. The structure and properties of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, aluminum phosphate adjuvant and alum-precipitated adjuvants are presented in this review. The major antigen adsorption mechanisms, electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange, are related to the adjuvant structure. The manner by which aluminum-containing adjuvants potentiate the immune response is related to the structure, properties of the adjuvant and adsorption mechanism. Immunopotentiation occurs through the following sequential steps: inflammation and recruitment of antigen-presenting cells, retention of antigen at the injection site, uptake of antigen, dendritic cell maturation, T-cell activation and T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley L Hem
- Purdue University, Industrial and Physical Pharmacy Department, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Chiarella P, Massi E, De Robertis M, Signori E, Fazio VM. Adjuvants in vaccines and for immunisation: current trends. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:1551-62. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.10.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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43
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Lerner A. Aluminum is a potential environmental factor for Crohn's disease induction: extended hypothesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:329-45. [PMID: 17804561 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1381.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a common environmental compound with immune-adjuvant activity and granulomatous inflammation inducer. Al exposure in food, additives, air, pharmaceuticals, and water pollution is ubiquitous in Western culture. Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals and is influenced by yet unidentified environmental factors. It is hypothesized, in the present review, that Al is a potential factor for induction or maintaining the inflammation in CD. Epidemiologically, CD incidence is higher in urban areas, where microparticle pollution is prevalent. Al immune activities share many characteristics with the immune pathology of CD: increased antigen presentation and APCs activation, many luminal bacterial or dietary compounds can be adsorbed to the metal and induce Th1 profile activity, promotion of humoral and cellular immune responses, proinflammatory, apoptotic, oxidative activity, and stress-related molecule expression enhancement, affecting intestinal bacterial composition and virulence, granuloma formation, colitis induction in an animal model of CD, and terminal ileum uptake. The Al-bacterial interaction, the microparticles homing the intestine together with the extensive immune activity, put Al as a potential environmental candidate for CD induction and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Pappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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44
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Ophorst OJAE, Radosević K, Klap JM, Sijtsma J, Gillissen G, Mintardjo R, van Ooij MJM, Holterman L, Companjen A, Goudsmit J, Havenga MJE. Increased immunogenicity of recombinant Ad35-based malaria vaccine through formulation with aluminium phosphate adjuvant. Vaccine 2007; 25:6501-10. [PMID: 17646036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown the potency of recombinant Adenovirus serotype 35 viral vaccines (rAd35) to induce strong immune response against the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of the plasmodium parasite. To further optimize immunogenicity of Ad35-based malaria vaccines we formulated rAd35.CS vaccine with aluminium phosphate adjuvant (AlPO(4)). In contrast to the conventional protein based vaccines no absorption to aluminium adjuvant was observed and rAd35 viral in vitro infectivity in mammalian cells was preserved. Immunization with Ad35.CS formulated with AlPO(4) resulted in significantly higher CS specific T and B cell responses in mice upon either single or prime-boost vaccination regimens as compared to rAd35.CS alone. With these results we report for the first time the feasibility of using an AlPO(4) adjuvant to increase the potency of a live adenovirus serotype 35-based vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Aluminum Compounds/chemistry
- Aluminum Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Cell Survival
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary
- Malaria Vaccines/chemistry
- Malaria Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Phosphates/chemistry
- Phosphates/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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45
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Sanchez-Burgos G, Mezquita-Vega RG, Escobedo-Ortegon J, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Arjona-Torres A, Ouaissi A, Rodrigues MM, Dumonteil E. Comparative evaluation of therapeutic DNA vaccines against Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:333-41. [PMID: 17521394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major public health problem in most of Latin America. A key priority is the development of new treatments, due to the poor efficacy of current ones. We report here the comparative evaluation of therapeutic DNA vaccines encoding various T. cruzi antigens. ICR mice infected with 500 parasites intraperitoneally were treated at 5 and 12 days postinfection with 20 microg of plasmid DNA encoding T. cruzi antigens TSA-1, TS, ASP-2-like, Tc52 or Tc24. Treatment with plasmid encoding TS and/or ASP-2-like antigens had no significant effect on parasitemia or survival. Treatment with Tc52 DNA significantly reduced parasitemia, as well as cardiac parasite burden, and improved survival, although myocarditis was not significantly affected. Finally, treatment with plasmids encoding Tc24 and TSA-1 induced the most complete control of disease as evidenced by significant reductions in parasitemia, mortality, myocarditis and heart parasite burden. These data demonstrate that therapeutic vaccine efficacy is dependent on the antigen and suggest that DNA vaccines encoding Tc24, TSA-1, and Tc52 represent the best candidates for further studies of a therapeutic vaccine against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilma Sanchez-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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46
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Sokolovska A, Hem SL, HogenEsch H. Activation of dendritic cells and induction of CD4(+) T cell differentiation by aluminum-containing adjuvants. Vaccine 2007; 25:4575-85. [PMID: 17485153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in licensed human and veterinary vaccines. However, the mechanism by which these adjuvants enhance the immune response and predominantly stimulate a T(H)2 humoral immune response is not well understood. In this study, the effects of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate adjuvants on antigen presentation, expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines by mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and the ability of DCs to induce T helper cell differentiation were investigated. Dendritic cells pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA) adsorbed to aluminum-containing adjuvants activated antigen-specific T cells more effectively than DCs pulsed with OVA alone. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant had a significantly stronger effect than aluminum phosphate adjuvant. Both aluminum-containing adjuvants significantly increased the expression of CD86 on DCs but only aluminum hydroxide adjuvant also induced moderate expression of CD80. Aluminum-containing adjuvants stimulated the release of IL-1beta and IL-18 from DCs via caspase-1 activation. DCs incubated with LPS and OVA induced T(H)1 differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, DCs incubated with aluminum/OVA activated CD4(+) T cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-5 as well as IFN-gamma. Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-1beta antibodies decreased IL-5 production and addition of anti-IL-18 antibodies decreased both IL-4 and IL-5 production. Inhibition of IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion by DCs via inhibition of caspase-1 also led to a marked decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) T cells. These results indicate that aluminum-containing adjuvants activate DCs and influence their ability to direct T(H)1 and T(H)2 responses through the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sokolovska
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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47
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Choi Y, Jeon YH, Kang JH, Chung JK, Schmidt M, Kim ACW. MIDGE/hNIS vaccination generates antigen-associated CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells and enhances protective antitumor immunity. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1942-50. [PMID: 17266027 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) is a transmembrane protein that actively transports iodide ions into thyroid cells. hNIS is over-expressed in some cases of the thyroid cancers compared with the surrounding normal tissues and has been considered to be an attractive target for immunotherapy. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing the hNIS antigenic protein in enhanced-antigen-associated immunotherapy using image analysis with a gamma counter. To accomplish this, minimalistic immunogenically defined gene expression (MIDGE), either plain or coupled to a nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide, was used as a vector system. Vaccination with MIDGE/hNIS, MIDGE/hNIS-NLS and pcDNA3.1/hNIS produced a significant increase in the number of hNIS-associated IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells, with MIDGE/hNIS having the strongest effect. In addition, immunization with the hNIS encoding vectors induced antigen-mediated antitumor activity against NIS-expressing CT26 tumors in vivo, with the highest tumor free rate (100%) and lowest tumor growth being observed up to 40 days after the CT26/NIS tumor challenge with MIDGE/hNIS than those resulting from other immunization groups. Tumor progression could be followed noninvasively and repetitively by monitoring levels of hNIS gene expression in the tumors using scintigraphic image analysis. Overall, hNIS has a potential use as an antigen for immunization approaches, and vaccination with MIDGE/hNIS vectors is an effective means of generating hNIS-associated immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Nimal S, Thomas MS, Heath AW. Fusion of antigen to Fas-ligand in a DNA vaccine enhances immunogenicity. Vaccine 2007; 25:2306-15. [PMID: 17239500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have considerable potential for the prophylaxis and therapy of a range of diseases, but their potential has not been realised largely due to poor immunogenicity. Fas ligand is a pro-apoptotic molecule, able to induce death of Fas expressing cells. We describe the construction of a DNA vaccine encoding a chimeric fusion between Fas ligand and a truncated version of HIV gp120 as a model antigen. The fusion DNA was used as a priming vaccine, along with boosting with recombinant gp120 protein. Priming with fusion protein DNA resulted in a powerful enhancement of immune responses to the protein boost, and, in the presence of aluminum phosphate, to a strong enhancement in T helper 2 type responses. Fas ligand delivered in a separate plasmid also had an adjuvant effect, although it was weaker than that delivered by the fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nimal
- Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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49
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Teramoto K, Kontani K, Fujita T, Ozaki Y, Sawai S, Tezuka N, Fujino S, Itoh Y, Taguchi O, Kannagi R, Ogasawara K. Successful tumor eradication was achieved by collaboration of augmented cytotoxic activity and anti-angiogenic effects following therapeutic vaccines containing helper-activating analog-loaded dendritic cells and tumor antigen DNA. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:331-42. [PMID: 16896967 PMCID: PMC11031089 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that pigeon cytochrome c-derived peptides (Pan-IA), which bind broad ranges of MHC class II molecules efficiently, activate T helper (Th) function in mice. In an experimental model, Pan-IA DNA vaccines augmented antitumor immunity in tumor antigen-immunized mice. To elicit more potent antitumor immunity and to eradicate tumors in a therapeutic setting, Pan-IA-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) were inoculated in combination with vaccines including ovalbumin (OVA) antigen DNA in tumor-bearing mice. Seventy percent of the immunized mice survived tumor-free for at least 4 months after treatment. In contrast, mice vaccinated with OVA DNA, either with or without naïve DCs, did not eliminate the tumors and died within 5 weeks. Only in mice vaccinated with OVA DNA and Pan-IA-loaded DCs were both cytotoxic and helper responses specific for OVA induced at the spleen and tumor sites as well as at the vaccination sites. Furthermore, accumulation of OVA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and interferon-gamma-mediated anti-angiogenesis were observed in the tumors of these mice. Thus, the combined vaccination primed both tumor-specific cytotoxicity and helper immunity resulting in augmented tumor lysis ability and anti-angiogenic effects. This is the first report to show that most established tumors were successfully eradicated by collaboration of potent antitumor immunity and anti-angiogenic effects by vaccination with tumor antigens and helper-activating analogs. This novel vaccination strategy is broadly applicable, regardless of identifying helper epitopes in target molecules, and contributes to the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Teramoto
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kontani
- Second Department of Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Satoru Sawai
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Noriaki Tezuka
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Shozo Fujino
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Osamu Taguchi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
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50
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Greenland JR, Letvin NL. Chemical adjuvants for plasmid DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2007; 25:3731-41. [PMID: 17350735 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA vaccines are a promising modality for immunization against a variety of human pathogens. Immunization via multiple routes with plasmid DNA can elicit potent cellular immune responses, and these immunogens can be administered repeatedly without inducing anti-vector immunity. Nonetheless, the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines has been limited by problems associated with delivery. A number of adjuvants have been designed to improve plasmid DNA immunogenicity, either by directly stimulating the immune system or by enhancing plasmid DNA expression. Chemical adjuvants for enhancing plasmid DNA expression include liposomes, polymers, and microparticles, all of which have shown promise for enhancing the expression and immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines in animal models. Micro- and nanoparticles have not been shown to enhance immune responses to plasmid DNA vaccines. However, formulation of plasmid DNA with some non-particulate polymeric adjuvants has led to a statistically significant enhancement of immune responses. Further development of these technologies will significantly improve the utility of plasmid DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Greenland
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Research East 113, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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