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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Aging brain: exploring the interplay between bone marrow aging, immunosenescence, and neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393324. [PMID: 38638424 PMCID: PMC11024322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by a myriad of physiological changes, including alterations in the immune system termed immunosenescence. It exerts profound effects on both the bone marrow and the central nervous system, with significant implications for immunosenescence in neurological contexts. Our mini-review explores the complex relationship between bone marrow aging and its impact on immunosenescence, specifically within the context of neurological diseases. The bone marrow serves as a crucial hub for hematopoiesis and immune cell production, yet with age, it undergoes significant alterations, including alterations in hematopoietic stem cell function, niche composition, and inflammatory signaling. These age-related shifts in the bone marrow microenvironment contribute to dysregulation of immune cell homeostasis and function, impacting neuroinflammatory processes and neuronal health. In our review, we aim to explore the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that link bone marrow aging to immunosenescence, inflammaging, and neuroinflammation, with a specific focus on their relevance to the pathophysiology of age-related neurological disorders. By exploring this interplay, we strive to provide a comprehensive understanding of how bone marrow aging impacts immune function and contributes to the progression of neurological diseases in aging individuals. Ultimately, this knowledge can hold substantial promise for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving immune function and mitigating the progression of neurological disorders in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
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Echeverri Tribin F, Williams E, Testamarck V, Carreño JM, Bielak D, Yellin T, Krammer F, Hoffer M, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa S. Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292566. [PMID: 38564600 PMCID: PMC10987003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Post vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3rd and 4th doses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Echeverri Tribin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valeska Testamarck
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Dominika Bielak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Temima Yellin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Hoffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:753. [PMID: 38255826 PMCID: PMC10815036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging induces numerous physiological alterations, with immunosenescence emerging as a pivotal factor. This phenomenon has attracted both researchers and clinicians, prompting profound questions about its implications for health and disease. Among the contributing factors, one intriguing actor in this complex interplay is human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Latent CMV infection exerts a profound influence on the aging immune system, potentially contributing to age-related diseases. This review delves into the intricate relationship between immunosenescence and CMV, revealing how chronic viral infection impacts the aging immune landscape. We explore the mechanisms through which CMV can impact both the composition and functionality of immune cell populations and induce shifts in inflammatory profiles with aging. Moreover, we examine the potential role of CMV in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, and Long COVID. This review underlines the importance of understanding the complex interplay between immunosenescence and CMV. It offers insights into the pathophysiology of aging and age-associated diseases, as well as COVID-19 outcomes among the elderly. By unraveling the connections between immunosenescence and CMV, we gain a deeper understanding of aging's remarkable journey and the profound role that viral infections play in transforming the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sommer C, Reamon-Buettner SM, Niehof M, Hildebrand CB, Braun A, Sewald K, Dehmel S, Brandenberger C. Age-dependent inflammatory response is altered in an ex vivo model of bacterial pneumonia. Respir Res 2024; 25:15. [PMID: 38178102 PMCID: PMC10765774 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with an increased incidence and mortality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonias. This might be partly due to age-dependent increases in inflammatory mediators, referred to as inflamm-aging and a decline in immune functions, known as immunosenescence. Still, the impact of dysregulated immune responses on lung infection during aging is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to mimic inflamm-aging using ex vivo precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) and neutrophils - as important effector cells of innate immunity - from young and old mice and investigated the influence of aging on inflammation upon infection with P. aeruginosa bacteria. METHODS Murine PCLS were infected with the P. aeruginosa standard lab strain PAO1 and a clinical P. aeruginosa isolate D61. After infection, whole-transcriptome analysis of the tissue as well as cytokine expression in supernatants and tissue lysates were performed. Responses of isolated neutrophils towards the bacteria were investigated by quantifying neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, cytokine secretion, and analyzing expression of surface activation markers using flow cytometry. RESULTS Inflamm-aging was observed by transcriptome analysis, showing an enrichment of biological processes related to inflammation, innate immune response, and chemotaxis in uninfected PCLS of old compared with young mice. Upon P. aeruginosa infection, the age-dependent pro-inflammatory response was even further promoted as shown by increased production of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, TNF-α, and IL-17A. In neutrophil cultures, aging did not influence NET formation or cytokine secretion during P. aeruginosa infection. However, expression of receptors associated with inflammatory responses such as complement, adhesion, phagocytosis, and degranulation was lower in neutrophils stimulated with bacteria from old mice as compared to young animals. CONCLUSIONS By using PCLS and neutrophils from young and old mice as immunocompetent ex vivo test systems, we could mimic dysregulated immune responses upon aging on levels of gene expression, cytokine production, and receptor expression. The results furthermore reflect the exacerbation of inflammation upon P. aeruginosa lung infection as a result of inflamm-aging in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Sommer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Niehof
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Beatrix Hildebrand
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 11, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany.
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 11, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. From aging to long COVID: exploring the convergence of immunosenescence, inflammaging, and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298004. [PMID: 37942323 PMCID: PMC10628127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of aging is accompanied by a dynamic restructuring of the immune response, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This mini-review navigates through the complex landscape of age-associated immune changes, chronic inflammation, age-related autoimmune tendencies, and their potential links with immunopathology of Long COVID. Immunosenescence serves as an introductory departure point, elucidating alterations in immune cell profiles and their functional dynamics, changes in T-cell receptor signaling, cytokine network dysregulation, and compromised regulatory T-cell function. Subsequent scrutiny of chronic inflammation, or "inflammaging," highlights its roles in age-related autoimmune susceptibilities and its potential as a mediator of the immune perturbations observed in Long COVID patients. The introduction of epigenetic facets further amplifies the potential interconnections. In this compact review, we consider the dynamic interactions between immunosenescence, inflammation, and autoimmunity. We aim to explore the multifaceted relationships that link these processes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms that drive their interconnectedness. With a focus on understanding the immunological changes in the context of aging, we seek to provide insights into how immunosenescence and inflammation contribute to the emergence and progression of autoimmune disorders in the elderly and may serve as potential mediator for Long COVID disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
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Xiao T, Wei M, Guo X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xia X, Qi X, Wang L, Li X, Leng SX. Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 37501123 PMCID: PMC10373264 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are more vulnerable to seasonal influenza than younger adults. The immune responses of older persons to the influenza vaccine are usually poorer than those of young individuals, which is hypothesized due to immunosenescence. We conducted a study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) in a total of 167 young (< 65 years, n = 79) and older (≥ 65 years, n = 88) adults from October 2021 to March 2022 in Tianjin, China. A single dose was administered to all participants. Blood samples were collected and strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers were measured before and 21 to 28 days after vaccination. Safety information was also collected for 28 days and 6 months after vaccination. Differences in immunogenicity and safety were compared between young and old age groups, and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of age and other factors on HAI antibody responses. RESULTS Overall, geometric mean titers (GMTs) against all four vaccine strains in older adults were lower than those in the young, whereas the seroconversion rates (SCRs) were similar. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, influenza vaccination history, and pre-vaccination HAI titers were independent factors affecting SCRs and seroprotection rates (SCRs). Older age had significant negative impact on SCRs against H1N1 (OR, 0.971; 95% CI: 0.944-0.999; P = 0.042) and B/Victoria (OR, 0.964; 95% CI: 0.937-0.992; P = 0.011). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between chronological age (years) and post-vaccination HAI titers against H1N1 (rho = -0.2298, P < 0.0001), B/Victoria (rho = -0.2235, P = 0.0037), and B/Yamagata (rho = -0.3689, P < 0.0001). All adverse events were mild (grade 1 or grade 2) that occurred within 28 days after vaccination, and no serious adverse event was observed. CONCLUSIONS IIV4 is immunogenic and well-tolerated in young and older adults living in Tianjin, China. Our findings also indicate that age is an independent factor associated with poorer humoral immune responses to IIV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongling Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Miaomiao Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaokun Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xuemei Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Division of Geriatric, Johns Hopkins Center On Aging and Immune Remodeling, Johns Hopkins University, JHAAC Room 1A.38A, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Aged brain and neuroimmune responses to COVID-19: post-acute sequelae and modulatory effects of behavioral and nutritional interventions. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 37046272 PMCID: PMC10090758 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is one of the significant risk determinants for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality and for long COVID complications. The contributing factors may include the age-related dynamical remodeling of the immune system, known as immunosenescence and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Both of these factors may induce an inflammatory milieu in the aged brain and drive the changes in the microenvironment of neurons and microglia, which are characterized by a general condition of chronic inflammation, so-called neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence reveals that the immune privilege in the aging brain may be compromised. Resident brain cells, such as astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes and microglia, but also infiltrating immune cells, such as monocytes, T cells and macrophages participate in the complex intercellular networks and multiple reciprocal interactions. Especially changes in microglia playing a regulatory role in inflammation, contribute to disturbing of the brain homeostasis and to impairments of the neuroimmune responses. Neuroinflammation may trigger structural damage, diminish regeneration, induce neuronal cell death, modulate synaptic remodeling and in this manner negatively interfere with the brain functions.In this review article, we give insights into neuroimmune interactions in the aged brain and highlight the impact of COVID-19 on the functional systems already modulated by immunosenescence and neuroinflammation. We discuss the potential ways of these interactions with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and review proposed neuroimmune mechanisms and biological factors that may contribute to the development of persisting long COVID conditions. We summarize the potential mechanisms responsible for long COVID, including inflammation, autoimmunity, direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity, hypercoagulation, mitochondrial failure, dysbiosis, and the reactivation of other persisting viruses, such as the Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Finally, we discuss the effects of various interventional options that can decrease the propagation of biological, physiological, and psychosocial stressors that are responsible for neuroimmune activation and which may inhibit the triggering of unbalanced inflammatory responses. We highlight the modulatory effects of bioactive nutritional compounds along with the multimodal benefits of behavioral interventions and moderate exercise, which can be applied as postinfectious interventions in order to improve brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Svetlana Di Benedetto
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Aaron TS, Fooksman DR. Dynamic organization of the bone marrow plasma cell niche. FEBS J 2022; 289:4228-4239. [PMID: 35114061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic, serological memory relies on maintaining stable reservoirs of plasma cells, capable of constitutively-secreting high-affinity, anti-pathogen antibody for a lifetime. Although antibody titers generated by some vaccines (e.g. measles) can last a lifetime, other vaccinations (e.g. tetanus) need repeated boosting because long-lived plasma cells are not produced or maintained. Moreover, in old age, the ability to generate long-lived humoral responses diminishes. Despite their importance to health, it is unknown how long-lived plasma cells survive over years, whereas most antibody secreting cells die off within weeks after vaccination. In this review, we focus on how known factors regulate the longevity of plasma cell fitness and survival, and how that landscape is shaped by environmental influences, such as inflammation, infection and aging. In addition, we highlight newly discovered cellular dynamics in the bone marrow that may reframe the mechanisms supporting long-lived plasma cell survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya S Aaron
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David R Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Neutrophil Functional Heterogeneity and Implications for Viral Infections and Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081322. [PMID: 35456003 PMCID: PMC9025666 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neutrophils exert specialized effector functions during infection and inflammation, and that these cells can affect the duration, severity, and outcome of the infection. These functions are related to variations in phenotypes that have implications in immunoregulation during viral infections. Although the complexity of the heterogeneity of neutrophils is still in the process of being uncovered, evidence indicates that they display phenotypes and functions that can assist in viral clearance or augment and amplify the immunopathology of viruses. Therefore, deciphering and understanding neutrophil subsets and their polarization in viral infections is of importance. In this review, the different phenotypes of neutrophils and the roles they play in viral infections are discussed. We also examine the possible ways to target neutrophil subsets during viral infections as potential anti-viral treatments.
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Karcıoglu O, Yilmaz S, Kilic M, Suzer NE, Ozbay S, Tatlıparmak AC, Ayan M. Geriatric Sepsis in the COVID-19 Era: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/leeequplat] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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How Immunosenescence and Inflammaging May Contribute to Hyperinflammatory Syndrome in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212539. [PMID: 34830421 PMCID: PMC8618618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the dynamic remodeling of the immune system designated “immunosenescence,” and is associated with altered hematopoiesis, thymic involution, and lifelong immune stimulation by multitudinous chronic stressors, including the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Such alterations may contribute to a lowered proportion of naïve T-cells and to reduced diversity of the T-cell repertoire. In the peripheral circulation, a shift occurs towards accumulations of T and B-cell populations with memory phenotypes, and to accumulation of putatively senescent and exhausted immune cells. The aging-related accumulations of functionally exhausted memory T lymphocytes, commonly secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with mediators and factors of the innate immune system, are considered to contribute to the low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) often observed in elderly people. These senescent immune cells not only secrete inflammatory mediators, but are also able to negatively modulate their environments. In this review, we give a short summary of the ways that immunosenescence, inflammaging, and CMV infection may cause insufficient immune responses, contribute to the establishment of the hyperinflammatory syndrome and impact the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in elderly people.
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Age-related changes in the TRB and IGH repertoires in healthy adult males and females. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:71-76. [PMID: 34666136 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A diverse immune repertoire is capable of recognizing the enormous universe of foreign antigens encountered over life. Aging has a profound impact on the immune repertoires. However, whether continuous age-related changes in the immune repertoires differ between sexes is unclear. In this study, the characteristics of immune repertoires stratified by sex during aging are deciphered by analyzing T-cell receptor β-chain (TRB) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) sequences in 361 healthy adults. A similar change was observed between males and females across their lifespan, whereas age-subgroup analysis revealed sex-specific signatures in TRB and IGH repertoires. In regard to TRB, in males, repertoire richness and evenness increases slightly before the age of 32 years and 45 years respectively, and decreases sharply thereafter. Intriguingly, in females, they decrease significantly until around the age 57 years old, and subsequently undergo a stable stage up to the age of 83 years. Although IGH repertoire evenness increases significantly with age in both sexes, richness decreases significantly with age in males but remains stable in females. Moreover, average length of IGH CDR3 increases with age. In conclusion, these findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying sex differences in adaptive immunity.
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Chee SEJ, Solito E. The Impact of Ageing on the CNS Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738511. [PMID: 34603320 PMCID: PMC8484764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease strongly associated with increasing age. Neuroinflammation and the accumulation of amyloid protein are amongst the hallmarks of this disease and most translational research to date has focused on targeting these two processes. However, the exact etiology of AD remains to be fully elucidated. When compared alongside, the immune response in AD closely resembles the central nervous system (CNS) immune changes seen in elderly individuals. It is possible that AD is a pathological consequence of an aged immune system secondary to chronic stimulation by a previous or ongoing insult. Pathological changes like amyloid accumulation and neuronal cell death may reflect this process of immunosenescence as the CNS immune system fails to maintain homeostasis in the CNS. It is likely that future treatments designed to modulate the aged immune system may prove beneficial in altering the disease course. The development of new tests for appropriate biomarkers would also be essential in screening for patients most likely to benefit from such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan En Jie Chee
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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14
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Shi B, Ye H, Zheng L, Lyu J, Chen C, Heidari AA, Hu Z, Chen H, Wu P. Evolutionary warning system for COVID-19 severity: Colony predation algorithm enhanced extreme learning machine. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104698. [PMID: 34426165 PMCID: PMC8323529 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was distributed globally at the end of December 2019 due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Early diagnosis and successful COVID-19 assessment are missing, clinical care is ineffective, and deaths are high. In this study, we investigate whether the level of biochemical indicators helps to discriminate and classify the severity of the COVID-19 using the machine learning method. This research creates an efficient intelligence method for the diagnosis of COVID-19 from the perspective of biochemical indexes. The framework is proposed by integrating an enhanced new stochastic called the colony predation algorithm (CPA) with a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), abbreviated as ECPA-KELM. The core feature of the approach is the ECPA algorithm which incorporates the two main operators that have been abstained from the grey wolf optimizer and moth-flame optimizer to improve and restore the CPA research functions and are simultaneously used to optimize the parameters and to select features for KELM. The ECPA output is checked thoroughly using IEEE CEC2017 benchmark to verify the capacity of the proposed methodology. Finally, in the diagnosis of COVID-19 using biochemical indexes, the designed ECPA-KELM model and other competing KELM models based on other optimization are used. Checking statistical results will display improved predictive properties for all metrics and higher stability. ECPA-KELM can also be used to discriminate and classify the severity of the COVID-19 as a possible computer-aided method and provide effective early warning for the treatment and diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Yueqing, 325600, China.
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Yueqing, 325600, China.
| | - Juncheng Lyu
- Weifang Medical University School of Public Health, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
| | - Ali Asghar Heidari
- School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Huiling Chen
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Peiliang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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15
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Rettig TA, Tan JC, Nishiyama NC, Chapes SK, Pecaut MJ. An Analysis of the Effects of Spaceflight and Vaccination on Antibody Repertoire Diversity. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:675-686. [PMID: 34433623 PMCID: PMC10996920 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab repertoire diversity plays a critical role in the host's ability to fight pathogens. CDR3 is partially responsible for Ab-Ag binding and is a significant source of diversity in the repertoire. CDR3 diversity is generated during VDJ rearrangement because of gene segment selection, gene segment trimming and splicing, and the addition of nucleotides. We analyzed the Ab repertoire diversity across multiple experiments examining the effects of spaceflight on the Ab repertoire after vaccination. Five datasets from four experiments were analyzed using rank-abundance curves and Shannon indices as measures of diversity. We discovered a trend toward lower diversity as a result of spaceflight but did not find the same decrease in our physiological model of microgravity in either the spleen or bone marrow. However, the bone marrow repertoire showed a reduction in diversity after vaccination. We also detected differences in Shannon indices between experiments and tissues. We did not detect a pattern of CDR3 usage across the experiments. Overall, we were able to find differences in the Ab repertoire diversity across experimental groups and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A Rettig
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - John C Tan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Nina C Nishiyama
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Michael J Pecaut
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA;
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16
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Grant LR, Slack MPE, Yan Q, Trzciński K, Barratt J, Sobczyk E, Appleby J, Cané A, Jodar L, Isturiz RE, Gessner BD. The epidemiologic and biologic basis for classifying older age as a high-risk, immunocompromising condition for pneumococcal vaccine policy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:691-705. [PMID: 34233558 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1921579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosenescence is a normal biologic process involving deterioration of protective immune responses. Consequently, older adults experience increased risk of infectious diseases, particularly pneumonia, and its leading bacterial cause, Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal vaccine recommendations are often limited to adults with specific medical conditions despite similar disease risks among older adults due to immunosenescence. AREAS COVERED This article reviews epidemiologic, biologic, and clinical evidence supporting the consideration of older age due to immunosenescence as an immunocompromising condition for the purpose of pneumococcal vaccine policy and the role vaccination can play in healthy aging. EXPERT OPINION Epidemiologic and biologic evidence suggest that pneumococcal disease risk increases with age and is comparable for healthy older adults and younger adults with immunocompromising conditions. Because immunocompromising conditions are already indicated for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), a comprehensive public health strategy would also recognize immunosenescence. Moreover, older persons should be vaccinated before reaching the highest risk ages, consistent with the approach for other immunocompromising conditions. To facilitate PCV use among older adults, vaccine technical committees (VTCs) could classify older age as an immunocompromising condition based on the process of immunosenescence. With global aging, VTCs will need to consider immunosenescence and vaccine use during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Grant
- Vaccines Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Mary P E Slack
- School of Medicine, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Australia
| | - Qi Yan
- Vaccines Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Trzciński
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina's Children Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Barratt
- International Federation on Ageing, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James Appleby
- The Gerontological Society of America, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Alejandro Cané
- Vaccines Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Luis Jodar
- Vaccines Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Raul E Isturiz
- Vaccines Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Bradford D Gessner
- Vaccines Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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17
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Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, Osterhaus ADME, Becker T, Elbahesh H, Rimmelzwaan GF, Saletti G. Aging and Options to Halt Declining Immunity to Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681449. [PMID: 34054872 PMCID: PMC8149791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process associated with aging that leads to dysregulation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity, which may become dysfunctional. Consequently, older adults show increased severity of viral and bacterial infections and impaired responses to vaccinations. A better understanding of the process of immunosenescence will aid the development of novel strategies to boost the immune system in older adults. In this review, we focus on major alterations of the immune system triggered by aging, and address the effect of chronic viral infections, effectiveness of vaccination of older adults and strategies to improve immune function in this vulnerable age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Becker
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Wu P, Ye H, Cai X, Li C, Li S, Chen M, Wang M, Heidari AA, Chen M, Li J, Chen H, Huang X, Wang L. An Effective Machine Learning Approach for Identifying Non-Severe and Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in a Rural Chinese Population: The Wenzhou Retrospective Study. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2021; 9:45486-45503. [PMID: 34786313 PMCID: PMC8545214 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3067311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper has proposed an effective intelligent prediction model that can well discriminate and specify the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in clinical diagnosis and provide a criterion for clinicians to weigh scientific and rational medical decision-making. With indicators as the age and gender of the patients and 26 blood routine indexes, a severity prediction framework for COVID-19 is proposed based on machine learning techniques. The framework consists mainly of a random forest and a support vector machine (SVM) model optimized by a slime mould algorithm (SMA). When the random forest was used to identify the key factors, SMA was employed to train an optimal SVM model. Based on the COVID-19 data, comparative experiments were conducted between RF-SMA-SVM and several well-known machine learning algorithms performed. The results indicate that the proposed RF-SMA-SVM not only achieves better classification performance and higher stability on four metrics, but also screens out the main factors that distinguish severe COVID-19 patients from non-severe ones. Therefore, there is a conclusion that the RF-SMA-SVM model can provide an effective auxiliary diagnosis scheme for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Xueding Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Shimin Li
- College of Computer Science and Artificial IntelligenceWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Mengxiang Chen
- Department of Information TechnologyWenzhou Vocational College of Science and TechnologyWenzhou325006China
| | - Mingjing Wang
- College of Computer Science and Artificial IntelligenceWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Ali Asghar Heidari
- School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehran1417466191Iran
- Department of Computer ScienceSchool of ComputingNational University of SingaporeSingapore117417
| | - Mayun Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Jifa Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Huiling Chen
- College of Computer Science and Artificial IntelligenceWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
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19
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Ye H, Wu P, Zhu T, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Zheng L, Zheng R, Sun Y, Zhou W, Fu Q, Ye X, Chen A, Zheng S, Heidari AA, Wang M, Zhu J, Chen H, Li J. Diagnosing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Efficient Harris Hawks-Inspired Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor Prediction Methods. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2021; 9:17787-17802. [PMID: 34786302 PMCID: PMC8545238 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3052835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study is devoted to proposing a useful intelligent prediction model to distinguish the severity of COVID-19, to provide a more fair and reasonable reference for assisting clinical diagnostic decision-making. Based on patients' necessary information, pre-existing diseases, symptoms, immune indexes, and complications, this article proposes a prediction model using the Harris hawks optimization (HHO) to optimize the Fuzzy K-nearest neighbor (FKNN), which is called HHO-FKNN. This model is utilized to distinguish the severity of COVID-19. In HHO-FKNN, the purpose of introducing HHO is to optimize the FKNN's optimal parameters and feature subsets simultaneously. Also, based on actual COVID-19 data, we conducted a comparative experiment between HHO-FKNN and several well-known machine learning algorithms, which result shows that not only the proposed HHO-FKNN can obtain better classification performance and higher stability on the four indexes but also screen out the key features that distinguish severe COVID-19 from mild COVID-19. Therefore, we can conclude that the proposed HHO-FKNN model is expected to become a useful tool for COVID-19 prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Peiliang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe 1st Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Tianru Zhu
- The Second Clinical CollegeWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Zhongxiang Xiao
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Rongwei Zheng
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Yangjie Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Weilong Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Qinlei Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Ali Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Ali Asghar Heidari
- School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehran1417466191Iran
- Department of Computer ScienceSchool of ComputingNational University of SingaporeSingapore117417
| | - Mingjing Wang
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
| | - Jiandong Zhu
- Department of Surgical OncologyAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
| | - Huiling Chen
- College of Computer Science and Artificial IntelligenceWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Jifa Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityYueqing325600China
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20
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Jiang N, Liu Y, Yang B, Li Z, Si D, Ma P, Zhang J, Liu T, Yu Q. Analysis of the Factors Associated with Negative Conversion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2020.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To understand the factors associated with negative conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, targeted surveillance and control measures can be taken to provide scientific basis for the treatment of the disease and to improve the prognosis of the disease.
METHODS: Using the method of retrospective cohort study, we collected the data of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Tongji Hospital of Wuhan, China from 10 January to 25 March, 2020. Among the data of 282 cases, 271 patients, according to whether the negative conversion happened, were divided into negative conversion group and control group. We made the quantitative variables into classification; Chi-square test single-factor and Cox regression were used in univariate analysis and extracted 30 meaningful variables, then through the collinearity diagnosis, excluded the existence of collinear variables. Finally, 22 variables were included in Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS: The gender distribution was statistically significant between two groups (p < 0.05). While in the negative conversion group, the patients of non-severe group occupied a large proportion (p < 0.001). The median time for the negative conversion group was 17 days, and at the end of the observation period, the virus duration in control group was 24 days (p < 0.05). A total of 55 variables were included in univariate analysis, among which 30 variables were statistically different between the two groups. After screening variables through collinearity diagnosis, 22 variables were included in the Cox regression analysis. Last, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), age, fibrinogen (FIB), and disease severity were associated with negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in the treatment of COVID-19, focus on the age of more than 65 years old, severe, high level of LDH, FIB patients, and take some targeted treatment, such as controlling of inflammation, reducing organ damage, so as to provide good conditions for virus clearance in the body.
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21
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Arvey A, Rowe M, Legutki JB, An G, Gollapudi A, Lei A, Colston B, Putterman C, Smith D, Stiles J, Tarasow T, Ramamoorthy P. Age-associated changes in the circulating human antibody repertoire are upregulated in autoimmunity. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:28. [PMID: 33042204 PMCID: PMC7539520 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The immune system undergoes a myriad of changes with age. While it is known that antibody-secreting plasma and long-lived memory B cells change with age, it remains unclear how the binding profile of the circulating antibody repertoire is impacted. Results To understand humoral immunity changes with respect to age, we characterized serum antibody binding to high density peptide microarrays in a diverse cohort of 1675 donors. We discovered thousands of peptides that bind antibodies in age-dependent fashion, many of which contain di-serine motifs. Peptide binding profiles were aggregated into an “immune age” by a machine learning regression model that was highly correlated with chronological age. Applying this regression model to previously-unobserved donors, we found that a donor’s predicted immune age is longitudinally consistent over years, suggesting it could be a robust long-term biomarker of humoral immune ageing. Finally, we assayed serum from donors with autoimmune disease and found a significant association between “accelerated immune ageing” and autoimmune disease activity. Conclusions The circulating antibody repertoire has increased binding to thousands of di-serine peptide containing peptides in older donors, which can be represented as an immune age. Increased immune age is associated with autoimmune disease, acute inflammatory disease severity, and may be a broadly relevant biomarker of immune function in health, disease, and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Arvey
- iCarbonX 2424 Camino Ramon, Suite 125, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA
| | - Michael Rowe
- iCarbonX 2424 Camino Ramon, Suite 125, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA
| | | | - Gang An
- iCarbonX 2424 Camino Ramon, Suite 125, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA
| | | | - Anna Lei
- HealthTell, 145 S. 79th St., Chandler, AZ 85226 USA
| | - Bill Colston
- iCarbonX 2424 Camino Ramon, Suite 125, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Forchheimer 701N, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel.,Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - David Smith
- HealthTell, 145 S. 79th St., Chandler, AZ 85226 USA
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22
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Xu W, Wong G, Hwang YY, Larbi A. The untwining of immunosenescence and aging. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:559-572. [PMID: 33165716 PMCID: PMC7665974 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From a holistic point of view, aging results from the cumulative erosion of the various systems. Among these, the immune system is interconnected to the rest as immune cells are present in all organs and recirculate through bloodstream. Immunosenescence is the term used to define the remodelling of immune changes during aging. Because immune cells-and particularly lymphocytes-can further differentiate after their maturation in response to pathogen recognition, it is therefore unclear when senescence is induced in these cells. Additionally, it is also unclear which signals triggers senescence in immune cells (i) aging per se, (ii) specific response to pathogens, (iii) underlying conditions, or (iv) inflammaging. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge and concepts linked to immunosenescence and we focus this review on lymphocytes and T cells, which represent the typical model for replicative senescence. With the evidence presented, we propose to disentangle the senescence of immune cells from chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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23
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Abstract
Immunosenescence is defined as the changes in the immune system associated with age. It is a progressive and irreversible process involving a decrease in the number of naïve T and B cells, NK cells cytotoxic and activity, and disruption of pro and anti-inflammatory balance by altering the production of IL-2, -4, -6, -10, -10, TNF-α, interferon γ and others. With age there is an increase in autoimmunity and generalized inflammation with simultaneous immunodeficiency, which results in greater susceptibility to infectious diseases, a decrease in reactivity to prophylactic vaccinations, the incidence of autoimmune diseases, and increased risk of infectious injury complications, exacerbation of symptoms of chronic diseases and an insufficient response to the presence of cells cancer. For years, based on the analysis of the frequency of viral and bacterial infections, immunological indicators and inflammation, attempts have been made to develop the immune risk profile (IRP) and effective methods of preventing disorders of the immune system and prolonging the functional capacity of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Katedra Fizjologii Stosowanej i Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
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24
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Xu W, Lau ZWX, Fulop T, Larbi A. The Aging of γδ T Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051181. [PMID: 32397491 PMCID: PMC7290956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, many developed countries in the world are expecting the “greying” of their populations. This phenomenon poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for infections and a myriad of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. A common denominator that is implicated in these diseases is the immune system. The immune system consists of the innate and adaptive arms that complement each other to provide the host with a holistic defense system. While the diverse interactions between multiple arms of the immune system are necessary for its function, this complexity is amplified in the aging immune system as each immune cell type is affected differently—resulting in a conundrum that is especially difficult to target. Furthermore, certain cell types, such as γδ T cells, do not fit categorically into the arms of innate or adaptive immunity. In this review, we will first introduce the human γδ T cell family and its ligands before discussing parallels in mice. By covering the ontogeny and homeostasis of γδ T cells during their lifespan, we will better capture their evolution and responses to age-related stressors. Finally, we will identify knowledge gaps within these topics that can advance our understanding of the relationship between γδ T cells and aging, as well as age-related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Zandrea Wan Xuan Lau
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6407-0412
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Lee SH, Ban GY, Kim SC, Chung CG, Lee HY, Lee JH, Park HS. Association between primary immunodeficiency and asthma exacerbation in adult asthmatics. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:449-456. [PMID: 31185709 PMCID: PMC7060996 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Primary immunodef iciency (PID) is a serious comorbid condition in adult asthmatics that have frequent exacerbations, which requires monthly replacement of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). However, the prevalence and clinical significance of PID in adult asthmatics in Korea have not yet been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of PID and its association with asthma exacerbation in Korean adult asthmatics. METHODS A total of 2,866 adult asthmatics were enrolled in this study. The PID group was defined as subjects who had lower levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG)/ A/M and/or IgG subclass presenting with recurrent respiratory infections. Serum samples were assayed for total IgG/A/M by immunoturbidimetry, and IgG subclasses by nephelometry. RESULTS Of the 2,866 asthmatic patients enrolled, 157 (5.49%) had PID (classified as the PID group), while those without PID was classified as the non-PID group. IgG subclass deficiency (58%) is most prevalent, among which IgG3 subclass deficiency was most common (58%). The relative risk of asthma exacerbation was 1.70 times higher in the PID group compared to the non-PID group (1.696; 95% confidence interval, 1.284 to 2.239; p < 0.001); the prevalence of severe asthma was significantly higher in the PID group than in the non-PID group (32.48% vs. 13.00%, p < 0.001). Thirty-five among 157 patients in the PID group d maintained IVIG to prevent asthma exacerbation. CONCLUSION It is suggested that PID, especially IgG3 subclass deficiency, is a significant risk factor for asthma exacerbation. Screening of IgG subclass levels and IVIG replacement should be considered in the management in adult asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Ban
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Chin Kim
- Department of Statistics, Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chang-Gyu Chung
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Lee
- Department of Statistics, Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Correspondence to Hae-Sim Park, M.D. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea Tel: +82-31-219-4411 Fax: +82-31-219-5154 E-mail:
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Mitsunaga EM, Snyder MP. Deep Characterization of the Human Antibody Response to Natural Infection Using Longitudinal Immune Repertoire Sequencing. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:278-293. [PMID: 31767621 PMCID: PMC7000125 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antibody response studies are largely restricted to periods of high immune activity (e.g. vaccination). To comprehensively understand the healthy B cell immune repertoire and how this changes over time and through natural infection, we conducted immune repertoire RNA sequencing on flow cytometry-sorted B cell subsets to profile a single individual's antibodies over 11 months through two periods of natural viral infection. We found that 1) a baseline of healthy variable (V) gene usage in antibodies exists and is stable over time, but antibodies in memory cells consistently have a different usage profile relative to earlier B cell stages; 2) a single complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) is potentially generated from more than one VJ gene combination; and 3) IgG and IgA antibody transcripts are found at low levels in early human B cell development, suggesting that class switching may occur earlier than previously realized. These findings provide insight into immune repertoire stability, response to natural infections, and human B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Mitsunaga
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.
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Olagoke O, Quigley BL, Eiden MV, Timms P. Antibody response against koala retrovirus (KoRV) in koalas harboring KoRV-A in the presence or absence of KoRV-B. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12416. [PMID: 31455828 PMCID: PMC6711960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is in the process of endogenization into the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) genome and is currently spreading through the Australian koala population. Understanding how the koala's immune system responds to KoRV infection is critical for developing an efficacious vaccine to protect koalas. To this end, we analyzed the antibody response of 235 wild koalas, sampled longitudinally over a four-year period, that harbored KoRV-A, and with or without KoRV-B. We found that the majority of the sampled koalas were able to make anti-KoRV antibodies, and that there was a linear increase in anti-KoRV IgG levels in koalas up to approximately seven years of age and then a gradual decrease thereafter. Koalas infected with both KoRV-A and KoRV-B were found to have slightly higher anti-KoRV IgG titers than koalas with KoRV-A alone and there was an inverse relationship between anti-KoRV IgG levels and circulating KoRV viral load. Finally, we identified distinct epitopes on the KoRV envelope protein that were recognized by antibodies. Together, these findings provide insight into the koala's immune response to KoRV and may be useful in the development of a therapeutic KoRV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Olagoke
- Genecology Research Center, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia
| | - B L Quigley
- Genecology Research Center, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia
| | - M V Eiden
- Section on Directed Gene Transfer, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - P Timms
- Genecology Research Center, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia.
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Lemaître J, Pavard S, Giraudeau M, Vincze O, Jennings G, Hamede R, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Eco‐evolutionary perspectives of the dynamic relationships linking senescence and cancer. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F‐69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | | | - Orsolya Vincze
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology Group Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research Debrecen Hungary
| | - Geordie Jennings
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
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Rožman P. How Could We Slow or Reverse the Human Aging Process and Extend the Healthy Life Span with Heterochronous Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:159-170. [PMID: 31203790 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence of the immune system contributes considerably to the age-related diseases that are the main causes of death after the age of 65. In this study, we present an appealing option for the prevention of immune senescence and slowing or reversing the aging process, which can be achieved by heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow stem cells are collected from donors while young, cryopreserved and stored for a long period, and reinfused at a later time when indicated. After reinfusion and homing, these young HSCs could participate in normal hemato- and immunopoiesis and improve several immune functions by expanding the immune- as well as hematopoietic cell repertoire. Several animal studies have already confirmed the feasibility of this procedure, which extended the longevity of the treated animals. If translated to human medicine, haHSCT could prevent or mitigate age-related immune defects and extend the healthy life span. In this review, we describe the concept of haHSCT, recent studies that confirm its feasibility, and discuss the further research needed to translate this heterochronous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Immunohaematology Department, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nolan MS, Aguilar D, Brown EL, Gunter SM, Ronca SE, Hanis CL, Murray KO. Continuing evidence of Chagas disease along the Texas-Mexico border. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006899. [PMID: 30427833 PMCID: PMC6261633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is a chronic parasitic infection that progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy in 30% of human cases. Public health efforts target diagnosing asymptomatic cases, as therapeutic efficacy diminishes as irreversible tissue damage progresses. Physician diagnosis of Chagas disease cases in the United States is low, partially due to lack of awareness of the potential burden in the United States. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The current study tested a patient cohort of 1,196 Starr County, Texas residents using the Hemagen Chagas ELISA Kit as a preliminary screening assay. Samples testing positive using the Hemagen test were subjected to additional confirmatory tests. Two patients (0.17%) without previous Chagas disease diagnosis were identified; both had evidence of acquiring disease in the United States or along the Texas-Mexico border. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The Texas-Mexico border is a foci of Chagas disease human cases, with a local disease burden potentially twice the national estimate of Hispanic populations. It is imperative that physicians consider persons with residential histories along the Texas-Mexico border for Chagas disease testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Nolan
- Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David Aguilar
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Gunter
- Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shannon E. Ronca
- Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Preoperative Prognostic Prediction Nomogram in Gastric Cancer. World J Surg 2018; 42:2530-2541. [PMID: 29392430 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and preoperative prediction model in gastric cancer is controversial, while postoperative prognostic models are available. This study investigated NLR as a preoperative prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. METHODS We reviewed patients with primary gastric cancer who underwent surgery during 2007-2010. Preoperative clinicopathologic factors were analyzed with their interaction and used to develop a prognosis prediction nomogram. That preoperative prediction nomogram was compared to a nomogram using pTNM or a historical postoperative prediction nomogram. The contribution of NLR to a preoperative nomogram was evaluated with integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS Using 2539 records, multivariable analysis revealed that NLR was one of the independent prognostic factors and had a significant interaction with only age among other preoperative factors (especially significant in patients < 50 years old). NLR was constantly significant between 1.1 and 3.1 without any distinctive cutoff value. Preoperative prediction nomogram using NLR showed a Harrell's C-index of 0.79 and an R2 of 25.2%, which was comparable to the C-index of 0.78 and 0.82 and R2 of 26.6 and 25.8% from nomogram using pTNM and a historical postoperative prediction nomogram, respectively. IDI of NLR to nomogram in the overall population was 0.65%, and that of patients < 50 years old was 2.72%. CONCLUSIONS NLR is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer, especially in patients < 50 years old. A preoperative prediction nomogram using NLR can predict prognosis of gastric cancer as effectively as pTNM and a historical postoperative prediction nomogram.
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Gubbels Bupp MR, Potluri T, Fink AL, Klein SL. The Confluence of Sex Hormones and Aging on Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1269. [PMID: 29915601 PMCID: PMC5994698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune systems of post-pubescent males and females differ significantly with profound consequences to health and disease. In many cases, sex-specific differences in the immune responses of young adults are also apparent in aged men and women. Moreover, as in young adults, aged women develop several late-adult onset autoimmune conditions more frequently than do men, while aged men continue to develop many cancers to a greater extent than aged women. However, sex differences in the immune systems of aged individuals have not been extensively investigated and data addressing the effectiveness of vaccinations and immunotherapies in aged men and women are scarce. In this review, we evaluate age- and sex hormone-related changes to innate and adaptive immunity, with consideration about how this impacts age- and sex-associated changes in the incidence and pathogenesis of autoimmunity and cancer as well as the efficacy of vaccination and cancer immunotherapy. We conclude that future preclinical and clinical studies should consider age and sex to better understand the ways in which these characteristics intersect with immune function and the resulting consequences for autoimmunity, cancer, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanvi Potluri
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashley L Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Rožman P. The potential of non-myeloablative heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for extending a healthy life span. GeroScience 2018; 40:221-242. [PMID: 29948868 PMCID: PMC6060192 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial process, a prominent component being the senescence of the immune system. Consequently, immune-related diseases develop, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and life-threatening infections, which impact on health and longevity. Rejuvenating the aged immune system could mitigate these diseases, thereby contributing to longevity and health. Currently, an appealing option for rejuvenating the immune system is heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow/peripheral blood stem cells are collected during the youth of an individual, cryopreserved, and re-infused when he or she has reached an older age. After infusion, young hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the compromised immune system and improve immune function. Several studies using animal models have achieved substantial extension of the life span of animals treated with haHSCT. Therefore, haHSCT could be regarded as a potential procedure for preventing age-related immune defects and extending healthy longevity. In this review, the pros, cons, and future feasibility of this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Chen L, Chen C, Zhong X, Sun X, Zhu H, Li X, Yang H, Shu Y, Chang Y, Hu X, Lu Z, Peng L, Qiu W. Different features between pediatric-onset and adult-onset patients who are seropositive for MOG-IgG: A multicenter study in South China. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:83-91. [PMID: 29957392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) is a potential demyelinating disease-associated autoantibody. Whether clinical features of MOG antibody-associated demyelinating diseases change with age remains unclear. OBJECT To investigate the different clinical features between pediatric-onset and adult-onset MOG-IgG-seropositive patients in a relatively large cohort. METHODS A total of 816 consecutive patients with suspected demyelinating disease were prospectively enrolled from three tertiary academic centers in South China from February 2016 to December 2016. Sixteen pediatric-onset cases (≤14 years old) and 34 adult-onset cases (>14 years old) seropositive for MOG-IgG were identified. Differences in clinical features between the two groups were investigated. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the cumulative incidence of first relapse among the two groups (P = .008). Cerebral symptoms were significantly higher in pediatric-onset patients than in adult-onset patients, either at disease onset (pediatric-onset group, 10/16(62.5%); adult-onset group, 8/34(23.53%); P = .007) or throughout the course of disease (pediatric-onset group, 11/16(68.8%); adult-onset group, 10/34(29.4%); P = .009). Optic nerve symptoms were more common in adult-onset groups, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. A significantly higher rate of pediatric-onset patients (9/16, 56.3%) met the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis criteria compared with adult-onset patients (2/34, 5.9%) (P = .0003), and isolated optic neuritis was mainly diagnosed in adult-onset patients (pediatric-onset group, 2/16(12.5%); adult-onset group, 14/34(41.2%); P = .043). The MOG-IgG titer showed a significant positive correlation with total protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid, but only in adult-onset patients (r = 0.95; P = .0004). On magnetic resonance imaging, extensive white matter lesions were observed in both groups, and the number was much higher in pediatric-onset (7/15, 46.7%) than in adult-onset patients (4/29, 13.8%) (P = .043). At the last follow-up, more pediatric-onset patients (10/16, 62.5%) experienced complete recovery (EDSS 0.0 at last follow up) compared with adult-onset patients (9/34, 26.5%) (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS Distinctive features are present between pediatric-onset and adult-onset patients with MOG-IgG. Further studies are required to determine the different underlying pathogenesis of MOG antibody at different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Fuentes E, Fuentes M, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Immune System Dysfunction in the Elderly. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 89:285-299. [PMID: 28423084 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by both physical and physiological frailty that profoundly affects the immune system. In this context aging is associated with declines in adaptive and innate immunity established as immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is a new concept that reflects the age-associated restructuring changes of innate and adaptive immune functions. Thus elderly individuals usually present chronic low-level inflammation, higher infection rates and chronic diseases. A study of alterations in the immune system during aging could provide a potentially useful biomarker for the evaluation of immune senescence treatment. The immune system is the result of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, yet the impact of aging on this function is unclear. In this article the function of the immune system during aging is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.,Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Ickrath P, Kleinsasser N, Ding X, Ginzkey C, Beyersdorf N, Kerkau T, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. Impact and Modulations of Peripheral and Edaphic B Cell Subpopulations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 11:133-140. [PMID: 29409312 PMCID: PMC5951070 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2017.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) still are discussed controversially. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are responsible for the suppression of T cell activity: deficiencies for Breg have been demonstrated to contribute to autoimmune disorders, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus. In order to evaluate the influence of B cell subpopulations, especially Breg, on the etiology of this disease, the aim of this study was to characterize subpopulations of peripheral and edaphic B cells in CRSwNP. Methods Polypoid tissue and blood samples were collected from 10 patients undergoing paranasal sinus surgery and lymphocytes were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Results There was a significantly lower frequency of B cells in nasal polyps compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with CRSwNP. Mature resting B cells were the main population within B cells in PBMC, and memory B cells in nasal polyps. Remarkably, Breg and mature B cells significantly decreased in nasal polyps compared to PBMC. Memory B cells significantly increased and represented the main subpopulation in nasal polyps in patients with CRSwNP. Conclusion In this study a detailed contemporary characterization of B cell subpopulations in patients with CRSwNP is presented. The influence of edaphic B cells could play a key role in the maintenance of this chronic infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Xin Ding
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Körner", University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Shen X, Miao J, Wan Q, Wang S, Li M, Pu F, Wang G, Qian W, Yu Q, Marotta F, He F. Possible correlation between gut microbiota and immunity among healthy middle-aged and elderly people in southwest China. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:4. [PMID: 29449892 PMCID: PMC5806246 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to investigate the possible association between gut microbes and immunity among healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals in southwest China. A total of 148 healthy adults aged ≥ 50 years were divided into two age groups: middle-aged group (50-59 years; n = 67, 54.13 ± 3.32) and elderly group (≥ 60 years; n = 81, 64.70 ± 3.93). Blood samples were collected to measure serum immune and biochemical indices. Gut microbiota compositions of the groups were characterized on the basis of faecal DNA using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Among the detected gut microbes, the presence of Alistipes was negatively correlated with age in both groups. In the middle-aged group, age was negatively correlated with the presence of Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium. In the elderly group, Coprococcus was present at significantly higher levels; age was negatively correlated with the presence of Lachnobacterium, Oxalobacter and the Chao index, whereas positively correlated with the presence of Sutterella. In the middle-aged group, the presence of Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percent of CD8+ T cells and negatively correlated with the CD4+/CD8+ ratio; the presence of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with IgM levels; Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was positively correlated with IgG and IgM levels and Simpson index was negatively correlated with the percent of CD8+ T cells and positively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ ratio. In the elderly group, the presence of Verrucomicrobia (identified as genus Akkermansia) was positively correlated with IgA levels and the percent of CD8+ T cells and negatively correlated with the percent of CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio; the Chao index and observed species were positively correlated with IgA levels. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that ageing could significantly correlate with the composition of gut microbiota in terms of quantity and quality. Changes in gut microbiota caused by ageing, characterized by decreased Bacteroidetes levels, might be associated with immunosenescence among healthy middle-aged and elderly people in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Miao
- grid.256883.2School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Wan
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Pu
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- By-health Co. Ltd., No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No.99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera Research Group for and Gender Healthy Aging Unit, Montenapoleone Medical Center, Aging Intervention Corso Matteotti, 1/A, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Fang He
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Calik Basaran N, Ascioglu S. Epidemiology and management of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in non-neutropenic immunosuppressed patients: a review of the literature. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2017; 4:171-191. [PMID: 29662673 DOI: 10.1177/2049936117733394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in medicine have led to a considerable increase in the proportion of patients living with severe chronic diseases, malignancies, and HIV infections. Most of these conditions are associated with acquired immune-deficient states and treatment-related immunosuppression. Although infections as a result of neutropenia have long been recognized and strategies for management were developed, non-neutropenic immunosuppression has been overlooked. Recently, community-acquired infections in patients with frequent, significant exposure to healthcare settings and procedures have been classified as 'healthcare-associated infections' since they are more similar to hospital-acquired infections. Most of the non-neutropenic immunosuppressed patients have frequent contact with the healthcare system due to their chronic and severe diseases. In this review, we focus on the healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in the most common non-neutropenic immunosuppressive states and provide an update of the recent evidence for the management of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursel Calik Basaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ascioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd., Singapore
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Boeters DM, Mangnus L, Ajeganova S, Lindqvist E, Svensson B, Toes REM, Trouw LA, Huizinga TWJ, Berenbaum F, Morel J, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. The prevalence of ACPA is lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an older age of onset but the composition of the ACPA response appears identical. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:115. [PMID: 28569212 PMCID: PMC5452396 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) consists of two syndromes, one autoantibody-positive and one autoantibody-negative. Existing data on the relation between age of onset and prevalence of autoantibodies were conflicting. Therefore this multicohort study assessed the age of onset in relation to the presence of autoantibodies. The association with characteristics of the anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) response was also explored. METHODS The 1987 criteria-positive RA patients included in the Leiden EAC, BARFOT, ESPOIR, Umeå and Lund cohorts (n = 3321) were studied at presentation for age of onset and the presence of ACPA, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies. Logistic regression analyses were performed; effect sizes were summarized in inverse-weighted meta-analyses. Within ACPA-positive RA, ACPA level was studied in all cohorts; ACPA isotypes, ACPA fine specificity and ACPA avidity index and clinical characteristics were studied in the Leiden EAC. RESULTS From the age of 50 onward, the proportion of ACPA-negative RA patients increased with age in the five cohorts. Similar observations were made for RF and anti-CarP. The composition of the ACPA response did not change with increasing age of onset with respect to titer, isotype distribution, fine specificity and avidity index. With increasing age of onset, RA patients smoked less often, had higher acute phase reactants and more often had a sub(acute) symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS Data of five cohorts revealed that with older age of onset ACPA-negative RA is more frequent than ACPA-positive RA, while characteristics of ACPA-positive RA as judged by the composition of the ACPA response appeared not age dependent. Further biologic studies are needed to characterize the pathogenesis of ACPA-negative polyarthritis at older age and to promote personalized treatment decisions in ACPA-negative patients in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie M Boeters
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands.
| | - Lukas Mangnus
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ajeganova
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S938, DHU i2B, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Department of Rheumatology, Teaching Hospital Lapeyronie and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Shao MJ, Zhu YJ, Qiu YE, Hu M, He YQ. Changes in the Level of Immunoglobulins and CD4/CD8 Ratio in Young and Aged Mice with Estradiol Deficiency. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:305-313. [PMID: 28332870 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1267203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrated that deficiency in 17β-estradiol (E2) in postmenopausal women influences their immune system. However, few studies have reported alterations in immunologic presentation during nonnatural menopause in young females. Here we compared the differences in immune response between young C57BL/6N mice with surgical or medical variectomy and aged C57BL/6N mice with the common feature of E2 deficiency following Con A stimulation. We observed inverted CD4/CD8 ratios in the aged group and apparent reduced production of serum immunoglobin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM in the surgical group, whereas changes in immune parameters in the medical group were moderate. These data suggested that the immunological response to Con A stimulus differed among the three groups and that E2 deficiency was only partially responsible for the development of immune deficiency in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Shao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Er Qiu
- b Jinhua Drug Checking Institute , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qin He
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
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41
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Chan SK, Rahumatullah A, Lai JY, Lim TS. Naïve Human Antibody Libraries for Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1053:35-59. [PMID: 29549634 PMCID: PMC7120739 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72077-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many countries are facing an uphill battle in combating the spread of infectious diseases. The constant evolution of microorganisms magnifies the problem as it facilitates the re-emergence of old infectious diseases as well as promote the introduction of new and more deadly variants. Evidently, infectious diseases have contributed to an alarming rate of mortality worldwide making it a growing concern. Historically, antibodies have been used successfully to prevent and treat infectious diseases since the nineteenth century using antisera collected from immunized animals. The inherent ability of antibodies to trigger effector mechanisms aids the immune system to fight off pathogens that invades the host. Immune libraries have always been an important source of antibodies for infectious diseases due to the skewed repertoire generated post infection. Even so, the role and ability of naïve antibody libraries should not be underestimated. The naïve repertoire has its own unique advantages in generating antibodies against target antigens. This chapter will highlight the concept, advantages and application of human naïve libraries as a source to isolate antibodies against infectious disease target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Khim Chan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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42
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Lee-Chang C, Bodogai M, Moritoh K, Chen X, Wersto R, Sen R, Young HA, Croft M, Ferrucci L, Biragyn A. Aging Converts Innate B1a Cells into Potent CD8+ T Cell Inducers. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:3385-97. [PMID: 26983789 PMCID: PMC4821757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B cell dysregulation in aging is thought to mostly occur in conventional B2 cells without affecting innate B1 cells. Elderly humans and mice also accumulate 4-1BBL(+)MHC class-I(Hi)CD86(Hi)B cells of unknown origin. In this article, we report that these cells, termed 4BL cells, are activated murine and possibly human B1a cells. The activation is mediated by aging human monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages. They induce expression and activation of 4-1BBL and IFN-γR1 on B1a cells to subsequently upregulate membrane TNF-α and CD86. As a result, activated B1a/4BL cells induce expression of granzyme B in CD8(+)T cells by targeting TNFR2 via membrane TNF-α and providing costimulation with CD86. Thus, for the first time, to our knowledge, these results indicate that aging affects the function of B1a cells. Upon aging, these cells lose their tumor-supporting activity and become inducers of potentially antitumor and autoimmune CD8(+)T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Lee-Chang
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224; INSERM UMR995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France; University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Monica Bodogai
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robert Wersto
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21244
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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Naradikian MS, Hao Y, Cancro MP. Age-associated B cells: key mediators of both protective and autoreactive humoral responses. Immunol Rev 2015; 269:118-29. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Naradikian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Microbiology; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
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44
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Kong S, Dong H, Song J, Thiruppathi M, Prabhakar BS, Qiu Q, Lin Z, Chini E, Zhang B, Fang D. Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 Suppresses B Cell Activation through RelB and Is Regulated by IKKα Phosphorylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3685-93. [PMID: 26378077 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alternative NF-κB signaling is crucial for B cell activation and Ig production, and it is mainly regulated by the inhibitor of κ B kinase (IKK) regulatory complex. Dysregulation of alternative NF-κB signaling in B cells could therefore lead to hyperactive B cells and Ig overproduction. In our previous, study we found that deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a suppressor of the alternative NF-κB pathway to attenuate B cell activation. In this study, we report that loss of DBC1 results in spontaneous overproduction of Ig in mice after 10 mo of age. Using a double mutant genetic model, we confirm that DBC1 suppresses B cell activation through RelB inhibition. At the molecular level, we show that DBC1 interacts with alternative NF-κB members RelB and p52 through its leucine zipper domain. In addition, phosphorylation of DBC1 at its C terminus by IKKα facilitates its interaction with RelB and IKKα, indicating that DBC1-mediated suppression of alternative NF-κB is regulated by IKKα. Our results define the molecular mechanism of DBC1 inhibition of alternative NF-κB activation in suppressing B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinyi Kong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Muthusamy Thiruppathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Quan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Zhenghong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Eduardo Chini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611;
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Abstract
Inflammatory responses are essential for the clearance of pathogens and the repair of injured tissues; however, if these responses are not properly controlled chronic inflammation can occur. Chronic inflammation is now recognized as a contributing factor to many age-associated diseases including metabolic disorders, arthritis, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. Due to the connection between chronic inflammation and these diseases, it is essential to understand underlying mechanisms behind this process. In this review, factors that contribute to chronic inflammation are discussed. Further, we emphasize the emerging roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) in regulating chronic inflammatory states, making them important future diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Alexander
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Ryan M. O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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46
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Holodick NE, Rothstein TL. B cells in the aging immune system: time to consider B-1 cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1362:176-87. [PMID: 26194480 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of immune senescence has uncovered many changes in B cell development, maintenance, and function with increasing age. However, most of these studies have focused on conventional B cell subsets in the spleen. The B-1 cell subset is an essential arm of the innate immune system, which in general has been understudied in terms of immune senescence. Here, we review what is currently known about B cells during aging and go on to describe why B-1 cell biology is an important component of the aging immune system in the context of diseases that most affect the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichol E Holodick
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.,Departments of Medicine and Molecular Medicine, The Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
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Downmodulation of vaccine-induced immunity and protection against the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis by the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:840842. [PMID: 25961064 PMCID: PMC4417568 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) is the only Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) which negatively regulates the immune response, when engaged by antigen- (Ag-) antibody (Ab) complexes. Thus, the generation of Ag-specific IgG in response to infection or immunization has the potential to downmodulate immune protection against infection. Therefore, we sought to determine the impact of FcγRIIB on immune protection against Francisella tularensis (Ft), a Category A biothreat agent. We utilized inactivated Ft (iFt) as an immunogen. Naïve and iFt-immunized FcγRIIB knockout (KO) or wildtype (WT) mice were challenged with Ft-live vaccine strain (LVS). While no significant difference in survival between naïve FcγRIIB KO versus WT mice was observed, iFt-immunized FcγRIIB KO mice were significantly better protected than iFt-immunized WT mice. Ft-specific IgA in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage, as well as IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α production by splenocytes harvested from iFt-immunized FcγRIIB KO, were also significantly elevated. In addition, iFt-immunized FcγRIIB KO mice exhibited a reduction in proinflammatory cytokine levels in vivo at 5 days after challenge, which correlates with increased survival following Ft-LVS challenge in published studies. Thus, these studies demonstrate for the first time the ability of FcγRIIB to regulate vaccine-induced IgA production and downmodulate immunity and protection. The immune mechanisms behind the above observations and their potential impact on vaccine development are discussed.
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48
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Reber AJ, Kim JH, Biber R, Talbot HK, Coleman LA, Chirkova T, Gross FL, Steward-Clark E, Cao W, Jefferson S, Veguilla V, Gillis E, Meece J, Bai Y, Tatum H, Hancock K, Stevens J, Spencer S, Chen J, Gargiullo P, Braun E, Griffin MR, Sundaram M, Belongia EA, Shay DK, Katz JM, Sambhara S. Preexisting Immunity, More Than Aging, Influences Influenza Vaccine Responses. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv052. [PMID: 26380344 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Influenza disproportionately impacts older adults while current vaccines have reduced effectiveness in the older population. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of cellular and humoral immune responses of adults aged 50 years and older to the 2008-2009 seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and assessed factors influencing vaccine response. Results. Vaccination increased hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody; however, 66.3% of subjects did not reach hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥ 40 for H1N1, compared with 22.5% for H3N2. Increasing age had a minor negative impact on antibody responses, whereas prevaccination titers were the best predictors of postvaccination antibody levels. Preexisting memory B cells declined with age, especially for H3N2. However, older adults still demonstrated a significant increase in antigen-specific IgG(+) and IgA(+) memory B cells postvaccination. Despite reduced frequency of preexisting memory B cells associated with advanced age, fold-rise in memory B cell frequency in subjects 60+ was comparable to subjects age 50-59. Conclusions. Older adults mounted statistically significant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, but many failed to reach hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥40, especially for H1N1. Although age had a modest negative effect on vaccine responses, prevaccination titers were the best predictor of postvaccination antibody levels, irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Reber
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Renata Biber
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H Keipp Talbot
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Evelene Steward-Clark
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacie Jefferson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vic Veguilla
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric Gillis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Yaohui Bai
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather Tatum
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathy Hancock
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah Spencer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jufu Chen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul Gargiullo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elise Braun
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marie R Griffin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ; Mid-South Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center , VA TN Valley Healthcare System , Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - David K Shay
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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49
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Li Y, Terauchi M, Vikulina T, Roser-Page S, Weitzmann MN. B Cell Production of Both OPG and RANKL is Significantly Increased in Aged Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6:8-17. [PMID: 25984250 PMCID: PMC4429037 DOI: 10.2174/1876525401406010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for osteoclastic bone loss and bone fracture. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is the key effector cytokine for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and is moderated by its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG). The development of an inflammatory environment during aging leads to increased bone resorption and loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Interestingly, animal and clinical studies show that OPG is actually increased in aging but fails to fully compensate for endogenous RANKL. Osteoblast- and B-lineage cells are significant sources of physiological OPG, however osteoblast OPG production declines with age, suggesting that elevated OPG in aging may be a consequence of changes in B cell function. In this study we examined BMD and indices of trabecular bone structure during aging, and B cell production of both RANKL and OPG in young and aged mice. Our data reveal significant loss of BMD and trabecular structure with age commensurate with significantly elevated concentrations of both OPG and RANKL in aged mice, and a decline in B cell populations in aged animals. Taken together our data suggest that B cells may be responsible for the elevated concentrations of OPG during aging and are essential to counteract excessive age-associated bone resorption. Paradoxically, B cells themselves likely contribute RANKL in aging and the loss of B cells with age may further contribute to the imbalance in OPG relative to RANKL that predisposes age-associated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA ; Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Masakazu Terauchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tatyana Vikulina
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Roser-Page
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
| | - M N Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA ; Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA ; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
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50
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Lambracht-Washington D, Rosenberg RN. A noninflammatory immune response in aged DNA Aβ42-immunized mice supports its safety for possible use as immunotherapy in AD patients. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1274-81. [PMID: 25725942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging in the immune system results in tendency to proinflammatory responses. Intradermal DNA immunization showed Th2 polarized noninflammatory immune responses. We tested here 18-month-old mice which were immunized with Aβ42 peptide, DNA Aβ42 trimer, or 2 different prime boost protocols identical to previous experiments. High Aβ42 antibody levels were found in aged mice which had received peptide immunizations (900 μg/mL plasma), and in mice which had received peptide prime and DNA boost immunizations (500 μg/mL), compared with antibodies in DNA Aβ42 immunized mice with 50 μg/mL. Although we found T-cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines in mice which had received peptide or prime boost immunization, these were not found in DNA-immunized mice. The results are concordant with proinflammatory responses because of immunosenescence and contraindicate the use of Aβ42 peptide immunizations or prime boost immunization protocols for the use in elderly Alzheimer's disease patients. DNA Aβ42 immunization only on the other hand does lead to effective levels of antibodies without inflammatory cytokine or T-cell responses in the aged animal model tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Lambracht-Washington
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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