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Zhang J, Li S, Xia Y, Luo D, Wang X, Li S, Li S. Melatonin alleviates 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobenzene induced colon injury by relieving oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2993-3005. [PMID: 37598416 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) is widely distributed, non-degradable and bioaccumulative, which can affect the function of tissues and organs of the living organisms. Melatonin (MT) is a sort of indole neurohormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland. Numerous studies have shown that MT can alleviate intestinal injury through various mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis. For the above reasons, the aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of intestinal injury in mice after exposure to PCB126 as well as the antagonistic effect of MT. Mice were respectively fed PCB126 (0.326 mg/kg) and/or MT (10 mg/kg) in vivo. In vitro, colonic epithelial cells (MCEC) were treated with PCB126 (150 μM) and/or MT (2 mM). We found that the microscopic structure of colon tissue was impaired after exposure to PCB126. The levels of oxidative stress, the protein and mRNA levels of expression of inflammatory related factors were significantly increased and the expression levels of intestinal tight junction protein were decreased. Notably, MT can promote Nrf2/HO-1 expression level and reduce the colonic injury caused by PCB126. Further in vitro treatment with reactive oxygen species inhibitors (NAC) showed that it significantly alleviated PCB126-induced in MCEC cell damage. In summary, the above results suggested that MT alleviates PCB126-induced colon inflammation by inhibiting the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulating the expression level of intestinal tight junction protein. Our results contribute to the further comprehension of the intestinal toxicity effects of PCB126 and the significant role of MT in preserving the mechanisms of intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yadav A, Verhaegen S, Filis P, Domanska D, Lyle R, Sundaram AYM, Leithaug M, Østby GC, Aleksandersen M, Berntsen HF, Zimmer KE, Fowler PA, Paulsen RE, Ropstad E. Exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants or to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid alone dysregulates the developing cerebellum of chicken embryo. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107379. [PMID: 35792514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. In the present study, we explored whether a human-relevant POP mixture affects the development of chicken embryo cerebellum. We used a defined mixture of 29 POPs, with chemical composition and concentrations based on blood levels in the Scandinavian population. We also evaluated exposure to a prominent compound in the mixture, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), alone. Embryos (n = 7-9 per exposure group) were exposed by injection directly into the allantois at embryonic day 13 (E13). Cerebella were isolated at E17 and subjected to morphological, RNA-seq and shot-gun proteomics analyses. There was a reduction in thickness of the molecular layer of cerebellar cortex in both exposure scenarios. Exposure to the POP mixture significantly affected expression of 65 of 13,800 transcripts, and 43 of 2,568 proteins, when compared to solvent control. PFOS alone affected expression of 80 of 13,859 transcripts, and 69 of 2,555 proteins. Twenty-five genes and 15 proteins were common for both exposure groups. These findings point to alterations in molecular events linked to retinoid X receptor (RXR) signalling, neuronal cell proliferation and migration, cellular stress responses including unfolded protein response, lipid metabolism, and myelination. Exposure to the POP mixture increased methionine oxidation, whereas PFOS decreased oxidation. Several of the altered genes and proteins are involved in a wide variety of neurological disorders. We conclude that POP exposure can interfere with fundamental aspects of neurodevelopment, altering molecular pathways that are associated with adverse neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Yadav
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Steven Verhaegen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Diana Domanska
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Robert Lyle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn Charlotte Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstuen, NO-0304, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karin Elisabeth Zimmer
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
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3
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Lee HA, Kyeong S, Kim DH. Long-term effects of defoliant exposure on brain atrophy progression in humans. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:25-32. [PMID: 35830900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As the most toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is classified as a group 1 human carcinogen. We investigated the long-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on the progression of brain atrophy in humans. We retrospectively selected 546 patients exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (exposed group) and 1353 patients not exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (control group). The patients in both groups underwent brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) twice. We divided the patients into two propensity score-matched groups, analyzed voxel-wise whole brain atrophy in the MRI images of each patient, and compared the progression of brain atrophy between the two groups. The exposed group showed significant brain atrophy progression in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes, compared with the control group. The ventrolateral prefrontal area in the frontal lobe and whole temporal lobe were the main atrophic regions in the exposed group, compared with the control group. The neurotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin can damage the brain, even in patients exposed to it over 40 years ago. Humans exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin should thus be evaluated for progression of brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohyon Kyeong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Basak Turkmen N, Askin Ozek D, Taslidere A, Dogan F, Ciftci O. Beta-glucan effects on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity in liver and brain. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:441-448. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2025902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Basak Turkmen
- Department of Pharmaceutic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Dilan Askin Ozek
- Pharmacy Services Department, Kovancilar Vocational School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Asli Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman Ciftci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102729. [PMID: 34685709 PMCID: PMC8534784 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbiota metabolites, to mediate several physiological and toxicological functions. Brain aging hallmarks, which include glial cell activation and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, increase the vulnerability of humans to various neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many studies have implicated AhR signaling pathways in the aging process and longevity across several species. This review provides an overview of the impact of AhR pathways on various aging hallmarks in the brain and the implications for AhR signaling as a mechanism in regulating aging-related diseases of the brain. We also explore how the nature of AhR ligands determines the outcomes of several signaling pathways in brain aging processes.
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Liu X, Zhang L, Chen L, Li J, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu L, Wu Y. Identification and prioritization of the potent components for combined exposure of multiple persistent organic pollutants associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124905. [PMID: 33412473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain a major point of concern worldwide, and surveillance monitoring of these contaminants presents a significant challenge. Here, we conducted an assessment of combined exposure to multiple POPs components [10 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), six polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 29 dioxin-like compounds (DLCs)] in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, and determined the identification and prioritization of potent components in these POPs mixtures. The results indicated a significant mixture effect and the combined exposure index estimated from multiple POPs components was associated with GDM and glucose homeostasis (P < 0.001). Based on the mixture effects on GDM, the procedure of prioritization identified DLCs as the components of the greatest concern, although at the lowest body burden in the population compared with PBDEs, PFAAs, and PCBs. For glucose homeostasis, BDE-153 was the chemical of top-ranked priority of concern. The final effect-based prioritized list of POPs was DLCs > PBDEs >PFAAs > PCBs. This prioritization is important for developing a more cost-effective regulation framework focusing on the POPs components of the greatest concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China; Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China; Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhou M, He J, Shi T, Zhang S, Tang N, Chen W. Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans exposure and altered lung function: The mediating role of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105521. [PMID: 32007688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung has been reported to be one of the target organs of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in many toxicological studies. While the associations between PCDD/Fs exposure and lung function levels have not been investigated thoroughly. This study aimed to explore these associations and the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. In this study, 201 foundry workers and 222 non-exposed general residents were recruited from central China, and their lung function parameters were measured. Air and food samples were collected to determine the PCDD/Fs levels for individual PCDD/Fs exposure estimation. Serum PCDD/Fs levels were determined in a subgroup of individuals randomly selected from the study population to reflect the body burden. It was found that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of PCDD/Fs exposure (fg TEQ/bw/day) was associated with a 0.47 L decrease in FVC and a 0.25 L decrease in FEV1. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of serum PCDD/Fs (fg TEQ/g lipid) was associated with a 0.36 L decrease in FVC and a 0.24 L decrease in FEV1. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was not only positively related to PCDD/Fs exposure, but also inversely associated with FVC and FEV1 are FVC (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.08) and FEV1 (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.02). Mediation analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG mediated 12.22% of the associations of external PCDD/Fs exposure with FVC levels, 28.61% and 27.87% of the associations of serum PCDD/Fs with FVC and FEV1 levels respectively. Our findings suggested that PCDD/Fs exposure was associated with decreased lung function levels by a mechanism partly involving oxidatively generated damage to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519060, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- Center for Research on Urban Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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8
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Erdemli ME, Yigitcan B, Erdemli Z, Gul M, Bag HG, Gul S. Thymoquinone protection against 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:567-574. [PMID: 32207631 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1735520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on kidney tissues of Wistar rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced nephrotoxicity. We used 50 rats divided into five groups; control, corn oil, TCDD, TQ, TCDD + TQ. We found that malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the TCDD treated group increased significantly compared to the other groups, while reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels decreased in the TCDD group. In the TQ treated group, we found that GSH, SOD, CAT, TAS levels increased and MDA, TOS, IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased compared to the other groups. The effects of TCDD on oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers and histological changes were ameliorated by TQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Birgul Yigitcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semir Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
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Kim HY, Lee JD, Kim JY, Lee JY, Bae ON, Choi YK, Baek E, Kang S, Min C, Seo K, Choi K, Lee BM, Kim KB. Risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in sanitary pads. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:678-695. [PMID: 31328663 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1642607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disposable sanitary pads are a necessity for women's health, but safety concerns regarding the use of these products have created anxiety. The aim of this study was to conduct a risk assessment of 74 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which were expected to be contained within sanitary pads. Of the 74 VOCs, 50 were found in sanitary pads retailed in Korea at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 3548.09 µg/pad. In order to undertake a risk assessment of the VOCs, the toxicological database of these compounds in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), National Toxicology Program (NTP) and World Health Organization (WHO) was searched. Ethanol was found to exhibit the highest reference dose (RfD) while 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-propane displayed the lowest RfD. Consequently, a worst-case exposure scenario was applied in this study. It was assumed that there was the use of 7.5 sanitary napkins/day for 7 days/month. In the case of panty liners or overnight sanitary napkins, the utilization of 90 panty liners/month or 21 overnight sanitary napkins/month was assumed, respectively. In addition, 43 kg, the body weight of 12 to 13-year-old young women, and 100% VOCs skin absorption were employed for risk assessment. The systemic exposure dose (SED) values were calculated ranging from 1.74 (1,1,2-trichloroethane) ng/kg/day to 144.4 (ethanol, absolute) µg/kg/day. Uncertainty factors (UFs) were applied ranging from 10 to 100,000 in accordance with the robustness of animal or human experiments. The margin of exposure (MOE) of 34 VOCs was more than 1 (acceptable MOE > 1). Applicable carcinogenic references reported that the cancer risk of five VOCs was below 10-6. Based on our findings, evidence indicates that the non-cancer and cancer risks associated with VOCs detected in sanitary pads currently used in South Korea do not pose an adverse health risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Yeon Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- b Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- c BK21plus team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- d College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University , Ansan , South Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Choi
- e Cosmetics Research Team, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Baek
- e Cosmetics Research Team, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Kang
- e Cosmetics Research Team, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Republic of Korea
| | - Chungsik Min
- e Cosmetics Research Team, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Seo
- e Cosmetics Research Team, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Choi
- e Cosmetics Research Team, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- b Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhang Z, He J, Shi T, Tang N, Zhang S, Wen S, Liu X, Zhao M, Wang D, Chen W. Associations between polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans exposure and oxidatively generated damage to DNA and lipid. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:237-246. [PMID: 30991198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) have been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, but the dose-response relationships have not been explored in molecular epidemiological studies. In this study, a total of 602 participants were recruited, comprising of 215 foundry workers, 171 incineration workers and 216 residents living more than 5 km away from the plants as the reference group. Individual PCDD/Fs exposures were estimated according to PCDD/Fs levels of working and living ambient air and daily foods. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-isoPGF2α) were determined to reflect oxidatively generated damage to DNA and lipid. Generalized linear models were used to access the associations between PCDD/Fs exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers. We found that PCDD/Fs exposure and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers of workers were all higher than those of the reference group. Significantly positive exposure-response relationships between individual PCDD/Fs exposures and urinary 8-oxodG and 8-iso-PGF2α were found. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed levels of PCDD/Fs exposure generated a 0.78 nmol/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-oxodG and a 0.50 ng/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-isoPGF2α in foundry workers, a 0.49 nmol/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-oxodG and a 0.26 ng/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-isoPGF2α in incineration workers, compared with the reference group. And such associations were not modified by tobacco use. Our findings could help to understand the dose-response relationships between PCDD/Fs and oxidatively generated damage to DNA and lipid, and provide an epidemiologic basis for conducting research on the carcinogenesis and other toxicity mechanisms of PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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11
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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092504. [PMID: 30149528 PMCID: PMC6163841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (or AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor of pollutants. It translocates into the nucleus upon binding to its ligands, and forms a heterodimer with ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator). The heterodimer is a transcription factor, which regulates the transcription of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Expressed in many cells in vertebrates, it is mostly present in neuronal cell types in invertebrates, where it regulates dendritic morphology or feeding behavior. Surprisingly, few investigations have been conducted to unravel the function of the AhR in the central or peripheral nervous systems of vertebrates. In this review, we will present how the AhR regulates neural functions in both invertebrates and vertebrates as deduced mainly from the effects of xenobiotics. We will introduce some of the molecular mechanisms triggered by the well-known AhR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which impact on neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Finally, we will point out the common features found in mice that are exposed to pollutants, and in AhR knockout mice.
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12
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Erdemli ME, Yigitcan B, Gul M, Bag HG, Gul S, Aksungur Z. Thymoquinone is protective against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced hepatotoxicity. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:453-462. [PMID: 29701106 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1453549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in rat liver tissues following administration of thymoquinone (TQ) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced hepatotoxicity. Fifty rats were assigned randomly to five groups of 10 as follows: control, corn oil, TCDD, TQ and TCDD + TQ. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on liver tissue. We found that 30 day TCDD administration caused histopathological changes in liver including thickening of Glisson's capsule, intracytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilation, vascular and sinusoidal congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration. TCDD administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in rat liver tissue and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels compared to all other groups. In the TQ treated group, GSH, SOD, CAT and TAS levels increased compared to all other groups. MDA, TOS, ALT, AST, ALP levels decreased compared to all other groups. Our histological findings were consistent with the biochemical findings. The oxidative and histologic effects of TCDD were eliminated by TQ treatment. TCDD administration caused oxidative stress in rat liver and TQ administered with TCDD prevented TCDD induced hepatotoxicity. TQ could be considered an alternative anti-TCDD toxicity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Erdemli
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Nigde Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde
| | - B Yigitcan
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - M Gul
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - H G Bag
- c Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - S Gul
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - Z Aksungur
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
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13
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Gao L, Mutlu E, Collins LB, Walker NJ, Hartwell HJ, Olson JR, Sun W, Gold A, Ball LM, Swenberg JA. DNA Product Formation in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Following Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PHAH) Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:794-803. [PMID: 28207250 PMCID: PMC5363288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA oxidation damage has been regarded as one of the possible mechanisms for the hepatic carcinogenesis of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). In this study, we evaluated the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) from the standpoint of induced DNA oxidation products and their relationship to toxicity and carcinogenicity. Nine DNA oxidation products were analyzed in the liver of female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) alone or the tertiary mixture of TCDD, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) by gavage for 14, 31, and 53 weeks (5 days/week) by LC-MS/MS: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo); 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine (1,N6-εdAdo); N2,3-ethenoguanine (N2,3-εG); 7-(2-oxoethly)guanine (7-OEG); 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N2-εdGuo); malondialdehyde (M1dGuo); acrolein (AcrdGuo); crotonaldehyde (CrdGuo); and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNEdGuo) derived 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. Exposure to TCDD (100 ng/kg/day) significantly induced 1,N6-εdAdo at 31 and 53 weeks, while no increase of 8-oxo-dGuo was observed. Significant increases were observed for 8-oxo-dGuo and 1,N6-εdAdo at all time points following exposure to the tertiary mixture (TEQ 100 ng/kg/day). Exposure to TCDD for 53 weeks only significantly increased 1,N6-εdAdo, while increases of N2,3-εG and 7-OEG were only found in the highest dose group (100 ng/kg/day). Exposure to the tertiary mixture for 53 weeks had no effect on N2,3-εG in any exposure group (TEQ 0, 22, 46, or 100 ng/kg/day), while significant increases were observed for 1,N6-εdAdo (all dose groups), 8-oxo-dGuo (46 and 100 ng/kg/day), and 7-OEG (100 ng/kg/day). While no significant increase was observed at 53 weeks for 1,N2-εdGuo, M1dGuo, AcrdGuo, or CrdGuo following exposure to TCDD (100 ng/kg/day), all of them were significantly induced in animals exposed to the tertiary mixture (TEQ 100 ng/kg/day). This oxidation DNA product data suggest that the simple TEF methodology cannot be applied to evaluate the diverse patterns of toxic effects induced by DLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Esra Mutlu
- National
Toxicology Program, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, RTP, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Leonard B. Collins
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nigel J. Walker
- National
Toxicology Program, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, RTP, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Hadley J. Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James R. Olson
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University
of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louise M. Ball
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James A. Swenberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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14
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Chen L, Li Y, Yin W, Shan W, Dai J, Yang Y, Li L. Combination of chlorogenic acid and salvianolic acid B protects against polychlorinated biphenyls-induced oxidative stress through Nrf2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 46:255-263. [PMID: 27513569 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) are well-known phytochemicals with multiple physiological and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the combined protective effects of CADs on PCB126-induced liver damages and oxidative stress in mice. Here, we used chemiluminescence and chose chlorogenic acid (CGA), salvianolic acid B (Sal B) as the best antioxidants. Then, mice were intragastrically administered with 60mg/kg/d CGA, Sal B, and CGA plus Sal B (1:1) for 3 weeks before exposing to 0.05mg/kg/d PCB126 for 2 weeks. We found that pretreatment with CGA, Sal B, and CGA plus Sal B effectively attenuated liver injury and cytotoxicity caused by PCB126, but improved the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reduced (GSH), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), CGA plus Sal B especially, was found to have the best effects that indicated a synergetic protective effect. Taken together, as the Nrf2 regulates the cyto-protective response by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, we suggested that CGA plus Sal B had a combined protection on PCB126-induced tissue damages and that the Nrf2 signaling might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Yin
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Mutlu E, Gao L, Collins LB, Walker NJ, Hartwell HJ, Olson JR, Sun W, Gold A, Ball LM, Swenberg JA. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Induce Oxidative DNA Adducts in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1335-1344. [PMID: 27436759 PMCID: PMC5020703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic chemicals that were traditionally produced and widely used in industry as mixtures and are presently formed as byproducts of pigment and dye manufacturing. They are known to persist and bioaccumulate in the environment. Some have been shown to induce liver cancer in rodents. Although the mechanism of the toxicity of PCBs is unknown, it has been shown that they increase oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that oxidative stress-induced DNA damage could be a contributor for PCB carcinogenesis and analyzed several DNA adducts in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153), and a binary mixture (PCB 126 + 153) for 14, 31, and 53 wks. Eight adducts were measured to profile oxidative DNA lesions, including 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), 1,N(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine (1,N(6)-εdA), N(2),3-ethenoguanine (N(2),3-εG), 1,N(2)-ethenodeoxyguanosine (1,N(2)-εdG), as well as malondialdehyde (M1dG), acrolein (AcrdG), crotonaldehyde (CrdG), and 4-hydroxynonenal-derived dG adducts (HNEdG) by LC-MS/MS analysis. Statistically significant increases were observed for 8-oxo-dG and 1,N(6)-εdA concentrations in hepatic DNA of female rats exposed to the binary mixture (1000 ng/kg/day + 1000 μg/kg/day) but not in rats exposed to PCB 126 (1000 ng/kg/day) or PCB 153 (1000 μg/kg/day) for 14 and 31 wks. However, exposure to PCB 126 (1000 ng/kg/day) for 53 wks significantly increased 8-oxo-dG, 1,N(6)-εdA, AcrdG, and M1dG. Exposure to PCB 153 (1000 μg/kg/day) for 53 wks increased 8-oxo-dG, and 1,N(6)-εdA. Exposure to the binary mixture for 53 wks increased 8-oxo-dG, 1,N(6)-εdA, AcrdG, 1,N(2)-εdG, and N(2),3-εG significantly above control groups. Increased hepatic oxidative DNA adducts following exposure to PCB 126, PCB 153, or the binary mixture shows that an increase in DNA damage may play an important role in hepatic toxicity and carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Mutlu
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lina Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leonard B. Collins
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nigel J. Walker
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Hadley J. Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James R. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louise M. Ball
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James A Swenberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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16
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Chai T, Cui F, Mu X, Yang Y, Qi S, Zhu L, Wang C, Qiu J. Stereoselective induction by 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Implication of chirality in oxidative stress and bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:66-76. [PMID: 27179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress process and bioaccumulation the racemic/(-)-/(+)- 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl were administered to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after prolonged exposure of 56-days uptake and 49-days depuration experiments. Stereoselective accumulation was observed in adult samples after racemic exposure as revealed by decreased enantiomer fractions. The two enantiomers of PCB91 accumulated at different rates with logBCFk values close to 3.7, suggesting that they were highly hazardous and persistent pollutants. Exposure to racemic/(-)-/(+)- PCB91 stereoselectively induced oxidative stress owing to changes in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions in brain and liver tissues. In addition, the stereoselective relationship between bioconcentration and oxidative stress were also presented in this study. Our findings might be helpful for elucidating the environmental risk of the two enantiomers of PCB91 that induce toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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17
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Mauger JF, Nadeau L, Caron A, Chapados NA, Aguer C. Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 exposure in L6 myotubes alters glucose metabolism: a pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8133-40. [PMID: 26936477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are increasingly recognized as metabolic disruptors. Due to its mass, skeletal muscle is the major site of glucose disposal. While muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been shown to play a central role in metabolic disease development, no studies to date have investigated the effect of PCB exposure on muscle energy metabolism and oxidative stress. In this pilot study, we tested the effect of exposure to PCB126 in L6 myotubes (from 1 to 2500 nM for 24 h) on mitochondrial function, glucose metabolism, and oxidative stress. Exposure to PCB126 had no apparent effect on resting, maximal, and proton leak-dependent oxygen consumption rate in intact L6 myotubes. However, basal glucose uptake and glycolysis were inhibited by 20-30 % in L6 myotubes exposed to PCB126. Exposure to PCB126 did not appear to alter skeletal muscle anti-oxidant defense or oxidative stress. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that exposure to a dioxin-like PCB adversely affects skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Given the importance of skeletal muscle in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, PCB126 could play an important role in the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Mauger
- Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, 713 Montreal Rd, 1E113, Ottawa, ON, K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - Lucien Nadeau
- Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, 713 Montreal Rd, 1E113, Ottawa, ON, K1K 0T2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Audrey Caron
- Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, 713 Montreal Rd, 1E113, Ottawa, ON, K1K 0T2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5N5, Canada
| | - Natalie Ann Chapados
- Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, 713 Montreal Rd, 1E113, Ottawa, ON, K1K 0T2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5N5, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, 713 Montreal Rd, 1E113, Ottawa, ON, K1K 0T2, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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18
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Liu H, Nie FH, Lin HY, Ma Y, Ju XH, Chen JJ, Gooneratne R. Developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and related gene expression induced by dioxin-like PCB 126 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:295-303. [PMID: 25213558 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) cause multiple adverse effects in organisms including animals and humans. Although PCB toxicities are linked to oxidative damage in rodents, the mechanism in early life stages of zebrafish is not clear. To explore the developmental toxicity mechanism of PCB126, three paradigms (toxicological phenotypes, biochemical changes, and molecular changes) were studied in 3-h postfertilization (hpf) zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to different PCB126 concentrations (0, 16, 32, 64, and 128 μg/L) until 168 hpf. Developmental malformations, including pericardial and yolk sac edema, impaired lower jaw growth, spinal curvature, head edema and failure to inflate the swim bladder were observed, some as early as 72 hpf. Mortality was not apparent in early stages but significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner from 144 hpf onward. A dose-dependent significant increase in malformation rate was observed from 72 hpf onward with up to 100% at 132 hpf in embryos exposed to 128 μg/L of PCB126. Higher doses of PCB126 significantly decreased the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-Sod), catalase (Cat), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) enzyme activities at 96, 132 hpf, but markedly declined from thereafter. PCB126 at 128 μg/L significantly increased the malondialdehyde content at 72, 96, and 132 hpf. The transcriptional gene expression of antioxidant enzymes Cat and Gpx was upregulated in embryos exposed to 64 μg/L of PCB126 at 24 and 96 hpf. Sod1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was low in embryos exposed to 32 μg/L at 72 and 96 hpf but was induced in embryos exposed to 64 and 128 μg/L doses at 132 hpf. Collectively, the results suggest oxidative stress as a major factor in the induction of multiple developmental abnormalities in early life stages of zebrafish exposed to PCB126. However, the relationship between the antioxidant enzyme activity and the mRNA expression was not clear and the potential reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Fang-Hong Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hong-Ying Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jin-Jun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
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19
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Kumar J, Monica Lind P, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind L, Ingelsson E. Influence of persistent organic pollutants on oxidative stress in population-based samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:303-9. [PMID: 25113216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a large group of chemicals widely used and produced in various industrial applications. Many cell culture/animal studies have shown that POPs can induce oxidative stress. Since such data is lacking in humans, we conducted a large population-based study to analyze associations between POPs and oxidative stress markers. We measured following POPs; 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 5 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and polybrominated diphenyl ether 47, and oxidative stress markers; homocysteine, reduced [GSH] and oxidized glutathione [GSSG], glutathione ratio [GSSG/GSH], total glutathione, oxidized low-density lipoprotein [ox-LDL], ox-LDL antibodies, conjugated dienes, baseline conjugated dienes of LDL, and total anti-oxidative capacity in plasma samples collected from 992 70-year old individuals (50% women) from the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the associations between oxidative stress markers and summary measures of POPs including the total toxic equivalence (TEQ), sums of PCBs and OC pesticides (main exposures) while adjusting for potential confounders. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, sum of PCBs showed strong associations with ox-LDL (β=0.94; P=2.9*10(-6)). Further, sum of PCBs showed association with glutathione-related markers (GSSG: β=-0.01; P=6.0*10(-7); GSSG/GSH: β=-0.002; P=9.7*10(-10)), although in reverse direction. Other summary measures did not show any significant association with these markers. In our study of elderly individuals from the general population, we show that plasma levels of POPs are associated with markers of increased oxidative stress thereby suggesting that even low dose background exposure to POPs may be involved in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Procházková P, Elhottová D, Rossmann P, Škanta F, Bilej M. The effect of dibenzo-p-dioxin- and dibenzofuran-contaminated soil on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:22-28. [PMID: 24992343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) belong to the group of persistent organic pollutants, highly toxic environmental pollutants that include hydrophobic compounds with the tendency to bioaccumulate. Earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to PCDD/Fs-contaminated soil, and changes in their lipophilic structures and the gene expression of their defense molecules were followed. Damage to the intestinal wall and adjacent chloragogenous tissue was observed. Further, the up-regulation of the expression of several genes was detected. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of the impact of PCDD/Fs on earthworms has been proposed. Dioxins that accumulate in the lipophilic structures cause an increase in reactive oxidative species that triggers oxidative stress followed by the gene expression of two molecules that play a role in protection against oxidant toxicity, calreticulin (CRT) and Hsp70. Moreover, the effect of microbial biomass on the expression of coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF), a pattern recognition receptor, was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Elhottová
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Rossmann
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - František Škanta
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Bilej
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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21
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1074-85. [PMID: 25187318 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714547382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant toxicant that mediates carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with antioxidant functions has many biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions for cells. The present study assessed, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of DHA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (HEPs). In vitro, isolated HEPs were incubated with TCDD (5 and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of DHA (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. DNA damage was analyzed by liver micronucleus assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) were assessed to determine the oxidative injury in HEPs. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not DHA. On the basis of increasing treatment concentrations, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated HEPs and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. TCDD also led to significant increases in TOS content. On the contrary, in cultures treated with DHA, the level of TAC was significantly increased during treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion. DHA showed therapeutic potential against TCDD-mediated cell viability and DNA damages. As conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that DHA has protective effects against TCDD toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Ilavarasi K, Chermakani P, Arif Nisha S, Sheeja Malar D, Pandima Devi K. Antioxidant compounds in the seaweedGelidiella acerosaprotects human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells against TCDD induced toxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:133-44. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.919582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Wan C, Liu J, Nie X, Zhao J, Zhou S, Duan Z, Tang C, Liang L, Xu G. 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD) induces premature senescence in human and rodent neuronal cells via ROS-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89811. [PMID: 24587053 PMCID: PMC3933666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread environmental pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent toxicant that causes significant neurotoxicity. However, the biological events that participate in this process remain largely elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that TCDD exposure triggered apparent premature senescence in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) assay revealed that TCDD induced senescence in PC12 neuronal cells at doses as low as 10 nM. TCDD led to F-actin reorganization and the appearance of an alternative senescence marker, γ-H2AX foci, both of which are important features of cellular senescence. In addition, TCDD exposure altered the expression of senescence marker proteins, such as p16, p21 and p-Rb, in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TCDD promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 cells, leading to the activation of signaling pathways that are involved in ROS metabolism and senescence. TCDD-induced ROS generation promoted significant oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Notably, treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) markedly attenuated TCDD-induced ROS production, cellular oxidative damage and neuronal senescence. Moreover, we found that TCDD induced a similar ROS-mediated senescence response in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In sum, these results demonstrate for the first time that TCDD induces premature senescence in neuronal cells by promoting intracellular ROS production, supporting the idea that accelerating the onset of neuronal senescence may be an important mechanism underlying TCDD-induced neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Duan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfei Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: .
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24
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Budinsky RA, Schrenk D, Simon T, Van den Berg M, Reichard JF, Silkworth JB, Aylward LL, Brix A, Gasiewicz T, Kaminski N, Perdew G, Starr TB, Walker NJ, Rowlands JC. Mode of action and dose–response framework analysis for receptor-mediated toxicity: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a case study. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 44:83-119. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.835787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Green tea diet decreases PCB 126-induced oxidative stress in mice by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:126-35. [PMID: 24378064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Superfund chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls pose a serious human health risk due to their environmental persistence and link to multiple diseases. Selective bioactive food components such as flavonoids have been shown to ameliorate PCB toxicity, but primarily in an in vitro setting. Here, we show that mice fed a green tea-enriched diet and subsequently exposed to environmentally relevant doses of coplanar PCB exhibit decreased overall oxidative stress primarily due to the up-regulation of a battery of antioxidant enzymes. C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet supplemented with green tea extract (GTE) for 12 weeks and exposed to 5 μmol PCB 126/kg mouse weight (1.63 mg/kg-day) on weeks 10, 11 and 12 (total body burden: 4.9 mg/kg). F2-isoprostane and its metabolites, established markers of in vivo oxidative stress, measured in plasma via HPLC-MS/MS exhibited fivefold decreased levels in mice supplemented with GTE and subsequently exposed to PCB compared to animals on a control diet exposed to PCB. Livers were collected and harvested for both messenger RNA and protein analyses, and it was determined that many genes transcriptionally controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 proteins were up-regulated in PCB-exposed mice fed the green tea-supplemented diet. An increased induction of genes such as SOD1, GSR, NQO1 and GST, key antioxidant enzymes, in these mice (green tea plus PCB) may explain the observed decrease in overall oxidative stress. A diet supplemented with green tea allows for an efficient antioxidant response in the presence of PCB 126, which supports the emerging paradigm that healthful nutrition may be able to bolster and buffer a physiological system against the toxicities of environmental pollutants.
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26
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Pereira SP, Pereira GC, Pereira CV, Carvalho FS, Cordeiro MH, Mota PC, Ramalho-Santos J, Moreno AJ, Oliveira PJ. Dioxin-induced acute cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage and increased activity of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 180:281-290. [PMID: 23796802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The environmental dioxin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen and teratogenic agent. We hypothesize that TCDD-induced oxidative stress may also interfere with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP), which are known to regulate and to be regulated by mitochondrial redox state. We investigated the effects of an acute treatment of male Wistar rats with TCDD (50 μg/kg i.p.) and measured the regulation of cardiac mitoKATP. While the function of cardiac mitochondria was slightly depressed, mitoKATP activity was 52% higher in animals treated with TCDD. The same effects were not observed in liver mitochondria isolated from the same animals. Our data also shows that regulation of mitochondrial ROS production by mitoKATP activity is different in both groups. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that TCDD increases mitoKATP activity in the heart, which may counteract the increased oxidative stress caused by the dioxin during acute exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Godoy P, Hewitt NJ, Albrecht U, Andersen ME, Ansari N, Bhattacharya S, Bode JG, Bolleyn J, Borner C, Böttger J, Braeuning A, Budinsky RA, Burkhardt B, Cameron NR, Camussi G, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Craig Rowlands J, Dahmen U, Damm G, Dirsch O, Donato MT, Dong J, Dooley S, Drasdo D, Eakins R, Ferreira KS, Fonsato V, Fraczek J, Gebhardt R, Gibson A, Glanemann M, Goldring CEP, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Groothuis GMM, Gustavsson L, Guyot C, Hallifax D, Hammad S, Hayward A, Häussinger D, Hellerbrand C, Hewitt P, Hoehme S, Holzhütter HG, Houston JB, Hrach J, Ito K, Jaeschke H, Keitel V, Kelm JM, Kevin Park B, Kordes C, Kullak-Ublick GA, LeCluyse EL, Lu P, Luebke-Wheeler J, Lutz A, Maltman DJ, Matz-Soja M, McMullen P, Merfort I, Messner S, Meyer C, Mwinyi J, Naisbitt DJ, Nussler AK, Olinga P, Pampaloni F, Pi J, Pluta L, Przyborski SA, Ramachandran A, Rogiers V, Rowe C, Schelcher C, Schmich K, Schwarz M, Singh B, Stelzer EHK, Stieger B, Stöber R, Sugiyama Y, Tetta C, Thasler WE, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M, Weiss TS, Widera A, Woods CG, Xu JJ, Yarborough KM, Hengstler JG. Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1315-530. [PMID: 23974980 PMCID: PMC3753504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1062] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Johannes Georg Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Böttger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jian Dong
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), Domaine de Voluceau-Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
- UPMC University of Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rowena Eakins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karine Sá Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- GRK 1104 From Cells to Organs, Molecular Mechanisms of Organogenesis, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Malmö), Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christelle Guyot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hallifax
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adam Hayward
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institut für Biochemie Abteilung Mathematische Systembiochemie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | | | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claus Kordes
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. LeCluyse
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Peng Lu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Maltman
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick McMullen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Stefan A. Przyborski
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Department of Surgery, Liver Regeneration, Core Facility, Human in Vitro Models of the Liver, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ciro Tetta
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Aly HAA, El-Shitany NA, El-Beshbishy HA, Ashour OM. Ameliorative effect of lycopene against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced rat liver microsomal toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:938-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713475504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the potential oxidative damage of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) in hepatic microsomal fractions in vitro and to further elucidate the potential modulatory effect of lycopene. Rat liver microsomes were divided into four groups. Group I served as a control and is incubated with vehicle (toluene). Groups II and IV were incubated with 20 µM lycopene for 1 h before further incubating; groups III and IV with 15 nM of TCDD for further 1 h. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl content and activities of uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) and P450 were significantly increased. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalse, glutathione- S-transferase and glutathione reductase as well as the microsomal thiol content were significantly decreased. Incubation with lycopene (group IV) maintained near normal activities of the enzymes, normalized thiol and carbonyl content and significantly reduced LPO and H2O2 production. In conclusion, the findings of the study indicate that TCDD induces a significant oxidative stress in liver microsomes as manifested by increased LPO, H2O2 production, protein carbonyl content and activities of UDPGT and P450 and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and thiol content. By the reversal of biochemical and oxidative markers toward normalcy, the protective role of lycopene is illuminated in rat liver microsomal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy AA Aly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ciftci O, Vardi N, Ozdemir I. Effects of quercetin and chrysin on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:146-154. [PMID: 21544919 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of current study is to investigate the effects of the administration of chrysin (CH) and quercetin (Q) on rat liver in which oxidative and histological damage had been induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Rats were randomly divided into six equal groups. TCDD was orally administered at the dose of 2 μg/kg/week, and Q and CH were orally administered at the doses of 20 mg/kg day and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively, by gavages dissolved in corn oil. The liver samples to be analyzed for the determination of oxidative and histological alternations were taken from rats at 60 days. The results indicated that although 2,3,7,8-TCDD significantly induced (P ≤ 0.01) lipid peroxidation (increase of MDA levels), it positively affected oxidant/antioxidant system (a decline in the levels of GSH, CAT, GSH-Px, and CuZn-SOD) in rats significantly. The histological changes observed in the liver correlated with the biochemical findings. However, these effects of TCDD on oxidative and histological changes were eliminated by Q and CH treatment. In conclusion, TCDD caused an adverse effect on rat's liver. When Q and CH were given together with TCDD, they prevented hepatotoxicty induced by TCDD. Thus, it is thought that Q and CH may be useful as a new category of anti-TCDD toxicity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ciftci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI, Celik K, Bakir TO. Ameliorative effect of supplementation with L-glutamine on oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell viability and hepatotoxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat hepatocyte cultures. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:687-99. [PMID: 22453904 PMCID: PMC3488374 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The most potent of the dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. And the health impact of exposure to TCDD is of great concern to the general public. Recent data indicate that L-glutamine (Gln) has antioxidant properties and may influence hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness of Gln in alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Gln (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (0.005 and 0.01 mM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and Gln for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total glutathione (TGSH) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (MN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not L-glutamine. TCDD also increased TOS level in rat hepatocytes and significantly decreased TAC and TGSH levels. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin in a dose-dependent manner caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures exposured with Gln alone, TOS levels were not changed and TAC and TGSH together were significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of Gln with TCDD modulated the hepatotoxic effects of TCDD on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, Gln has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages. As conclusion, we reported here an increased potential therapeutic significance of L-glutamine in TCDD-mediated hepatic injury for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Kubra Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tulay O. Bakir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI, Togar B, Gürbüz H, Celik K, Akbaba GB, Polat Z. Hepatoprotective potential of astaxanthin against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:101-12. [PMID: 22778115 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712452607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA) on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and liver micronucleus rates. ASTA (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 µM) for 48 h. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that both doses of TCDD caused significant decrease in cell viability. Also, TCDD significantly increased TOS and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increase in micronucleated hepatocytes) and 8-OH-dG level as compared to control culture. The presence of ASTA with TCDD minimized its effects on primary hepatocytes cultures and DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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The effect of laurel leaf extract against toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2012; 62:309-15. [PMID: 22202464 DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a very toxic environmental pollutant that raises great public concern about its impact on human health. Recent studies indicate that laurel leaf extract exhibits antioxidant properties that can counter the toxic effects of certain compounds in the liver. The aim of this study was to assess how effective LE is against the toxicity of TCDD in a primary culture of rat hepatocytes. The extract (50 mg L(-1), 100 mg L(-1), and 200 mg L(-1)) was added to cultures alone or with TCDD (1.61 mg L(-1) and 3.22 mg L(-1)) for 48 hours. Cell viability was measured using the [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay, while oxidative damage was assessed by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS). DNA damage was also analysed using the micronucleus (MN) assay of the cultured hepatocytes. TCDD alone lowered, and laurel extract had no effect on cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS and significantly decreased TAC. It significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In cultures exposed to LE alone, TOS did not change and TAC significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Added to TCDD, laurel countered its toxic effects and showed protective effects against TCDD-mediated DNA damage. This points to the therapeutic potential of laurel against TCDD toxicity in the liver.
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Türkez H, Geyikoğlu F, Yousef MI. Modulatory effect of l-glutamine on 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced liver injury in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:663-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711420474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of l-glutamine (Gln) in alleviating the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) in liver of rats. Rats were intraperitoneally administered Gln and TCDD doses daily for 21 days. In the liver of rats, the biochemical tests, pathological examination and micronucleus (MN) test were performed. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of MNs in hepatocytes increased after treatment with dioxin. In rats treated with Gln alone, the MNs remained unchanged, but the ratio of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased. Gln also prevented the suppression of GSH-Px (except for superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. Thus, our findings for Gln might provide new insight into the development of therapeutic and preventive approaches in TCDD toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Türkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effect of docosahexaenoic acid on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced histological changes, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rat liver. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:687-96. [PMID: 21996711 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711420475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that leads to the development of hepatotoxicity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been proposed to counteract oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, and several studies suggest that supplementations with antioxidants can influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of DHA in modulating the toxicity of TCDD in the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to four groups (n = 5): control (only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), 8 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) TCDD in DMSO solution; 250 mg/kg b.w. DHA and TCDD plus DHA; respectively. Rats were intraperitoneally administered their respective doses daily for 21 days. On day 21, the animals were killed, and then biochemical tests, pathological examination, and micronucleus (MN) assay were performed in the liver. Our results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased and serious pathological findings were established in rats that received TCDD. Beside the rate of MNs in hepatocytes was increased after the treatment with dioxin. In rats treated with DHA alone, MNs were not changed and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased. The presence of DHA with TCDD alleviated its pathological effects in hepatic tissue. DHA also prevented the suppression of antioxidant enzymes in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. It can be concluded that DHA has beneficial influences and could be able to antagonize TCDD toxicity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Mokhtar YI, Togar B. Eicosapentaenoic acid protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced hepatic toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:15-25. [PMID: 21938470 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The health impact of TCDD exposure is of great concern to the general public. Recent reports have implied that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might be a potential chemopreventive agent and influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness of EPA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. EPA (5, 10 and 20 μM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). Rat hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and EPA for 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD but not EPA decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and significantly decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes in a clear dose dependent manner. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures treated with EPA alone, TOS level did not change and the level of TAC significantly increased. The presence of EPA with TCDD minimized the toxic effects of the dioxin on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, EPA has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Türkez H, Yousef MI, Geyikoglu F. Propolis protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:2142-8. [PMID: 21963951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Propolis (25, 50 and 100 μM) was added to plain culture or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and propolis for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the TCDD caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG levels as compared to control culture. In cultures treated with propolis alone, cell viability and TOS level were not affected, while the level of TAC was significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of propolis with TCDD modulated its toxic effects on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, propolis has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Aroclor 1254, a developmental neurotoxicant, alters energy metabolism- and intracellular signaling-associated protein networks in rat cerebellum and hippocampus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:290-9. [PMID: 21791222 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The vast literature on the mode of action of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) indicates that PCBs are a unique model for understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of environmental mixtures of persistent chemicals. PCBs have been shown to adversely affect psychomotor function and learning and memory in humans. Although the molecular mechanisms for PCB effects are unclear, several studies indicate that the disruption of Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction plays significant roles in PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Culminating events in signal transduction pathways include the regulation of gene and protein expression, which affects the growth and function of the nervous system. Our previous studies showed changes in gene expression related to signal transduction and neuronal growth. In this study, protein expression following developmental exposure to PCB is examined. Pregnant rats (Long Evans) were dosed with 0.0 or 6.0mg/kg/day of Aroclor-1254 from gestation day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21, and the cerebellum and hippocampus from PND14 animals were analyzed to determine Aroclor 1254-induced differential protein expression. Two proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the cerebellum following PCB exposure while 18 proteins were differentially expressed in the hippocampus. These proteins are related to energy metabolism in mitochondria (ATP synthase, sub unit β (ATP5B), creatine kinase, and malate dehydrogenase), calcium signaling (voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and ryanodine receptor type II (RyR2)), and growth of the nervous system (dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 4 (DPYSL4), valosin-containing protein (VCP)). Results suggest that Aroclor 1254-like persistent chemicals may alter energy metabolism and intracellular signaling, which might result in developmental neurotoxicity.
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Ahmed R. Perinatal TCDD exposure alters developmental neuroendocrine system. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ciftci O, Aydin M, Ozdemir I, Vardi N. Quercetin prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced testicular damage in rats. Andrologia 2011; 44:164-73. [PMID: 21486423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of quercetin on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Twenty-two rats were equally divided into four groups; first group was kept as control and given corn oil as carrier. In second group, TCDD was orally administered at the dose of 2 μ (kg week)(-1) for 60 days. In third group, quercetin was orally administered at the dose of 20 mg (kg day)(-1) by gavages, and in fourth group TCDD and quercetin were given together at the same doses. Although TCDD increased the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) significantly, it caused a significant decline in the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), GSH-Px and CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in rats. In contrast, quercetin significantly increased the GSH, CAT, GSH-Px and CuZn-SOD levels but decreased the formation of TBARS. In addition, sperm motility, sperm concentration and serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased but abnormal sperm rate and testicular damage were increased with TCDD treatment. However, these effects of TCDD on sperm parameters, histological changes and hormone levels were eliminated by quercetin treatment. Our results show that administration of TCDD induces testicular damage (oxidative stress, testes tissue damage, serum hormone level and sperm parameters), and quercetin prevents TCDD-induced testicular damage in rats. Thus, quercetin may be useful for the prevention and treatment of TCDD-induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ciftci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, University of Inonu, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Turkey.
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Ciftci O, Ozdemir I, Tanyildizi S, Yildiz S, Oguzturk H. Antioxidative effects of curcumin, β-myrcene and 1,8-cineole against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in rats liver. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27:447-53. [PMID: 21245202 DOI: 10.1177/0748233710388452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of curcumin, β-myrcene (myrcene) and 1,8-cineole (cineole) on antioxidant defense system in rats given a persistent environmental pollutant (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD). Rats (n = 112) were divided randomly into 8 equal groups. One group was kept as control and given corn oil as carrier. TCDD was orally administered at the dose of 2 μg/kg/week. Curcumin, myrcene and cineole were orally administered at the doses of 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/ day, respectively, by gavages dissolved in corn oil with and without TCDD. The liver samples were taken from half of all rats on day 30 and from the remaining half on day 60 for the determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and CuZn-SOD levels by spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that although TCDD significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased formation of TBARS, it caused a significant decline in the levels of GSH, CAT, GSH-Px and CuZn-SOD in rats. In contrast, curcumin, myrcene and cineole significantly increased GSH, CAT, GSH-Px and CuZn-SOD levels but decreased formation of TBARS. Additionally, the antioxidative effects of curcumin, myrcene and cineole were increased at day 60 compared to day 30. In the TCDD groups given curcumin, myrcene and cineole, oxidative stress decreased by time. In conclusion, curcumin, myrcene and cineole showed antioxidant activity and eliminated TCDD-induced oxidative stress in rats in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ciftci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey.
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Esposito M, Serpe FP, Neugebauer F, Cavallo S, Gallo P, Colarusso G, Baldi L, Iovane G, Serpe L. Contamination levels and congener distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in buffalo's milk from Caserta province (Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:341-8. [PMID: 20156634 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An extraordinary plan of official control was carried out in 2008 in Campania (Italy) with the aim to monitor polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) levels in buffalo milk and to detect the contaminated farms, most of which are located in Caserta province. For these companies has been ordered seizure and execution of additional analyses has been requested in farms falling in the nearness, within a distance of 3km, for a total of 304 farms examined. Moreover, all non-compliant farms were subjected to a periodic sampling in order to monitor trends in the levels of contamination. In this paper the distribution and the concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs in 460 samples of buffalo milk collected in the province of Caserta (Italy) are presented. The range of WHO-TEQ values for the PCDD/Fs in milk was 0.17pgTEQg(-1)fat and 87.0pgTEQg(-1)fat with a mean value 3.63pgTEQg(-1)fat and medium value 2.25pgTEQg(-1)fat. The concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in the analysed samples ranged from 0.21pgTEQg(-1)fat to 15.9pgTEQg(-1)fat and the WHO-TEQ values of sum of PCDDs, PCDFs and dl-PCBs ranged from 0.45pgTEQg(-1)fat to 103.0pgTEQg(-1)fat. The geo-referencing analysis allowed to individuate a restricted area of the region object of the present study where is located the majority of the non-compliant farms. The study of the congeners distribution has finally suggested that the likely cause of contamination is to be attributed to the illegal burning of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Esposito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy.
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Kilanowicz A, Skrzypinska-Gawrysiak M. Toxicity of hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) and induction of CYP 1A in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:196-205. [PMID: 19783048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the toxicity of hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) and its effect on cytochrome P-450 in rats and to make a comparison between HxCN and tetrachloronaphthalene (TeCN), an inactive congener. Our study provided evidence that the anorectic effect, with concurrent significant increase in relative liver mass was the most spectacular symptom of the toxic effect of hexachloronaphthalene in the rats after its single (250mg/kg) and repeated (1 and 10mg/kg) administration. Regardless of the kind of the experiment (acute or subacute toxicity), dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver was also observed, which may indicate that HxCN most probably generates oxidative stress in this organ. It was also observed that HxCN is a very strong inducer of cytochrome P-450, especially of CYP 1A, which is the most sensitive biomarker of exposure to this congener. In this study, LOAEL is 1mg HxCN/kgb.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
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Elbekai RH, Korashy HM, Wills K, Gharavi N, El-Kadi AOS. Benzo[a]Pyrene, 3-Methylcholanthrene and ß-Naphthoflavone Induce Oxidative Stress in Hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 Cells by an AHR-dependent Pathway. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:1191-200. [PMID: 15621696 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400017319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been shown to cause oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo in various animal models but the mechanisms by which these compounds produce oxidative stress are unknown. In the current study we have investigated the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by its cognate ligands and the consequent effect on cyp1a1 activity, mRNA and protein expressions. For this purpose, Hepa 1c1c7 cells wild-type (WT) and C12 mutant cells, which are AHR-deficient, were incubated with increasing concentrations of the AHR-ligands, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, 0.25-25 microM), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC, 0.1-10 microM) and beta-naphthoflavone (betaNF, 1-50 microM). The studied AHR-ligands dose-dependently increased lipid peroxidation in WT but not in C12 cells. However, only B[a]P and betaNF, at the highest concentrations tested, significantly increased H2O2 production in WT but not C12 cells. The increase in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 production by AHR-ligands were accompanied by a decrease in the cyp1a1 catalytic activity but not mRNA or protein expressions, which were significantly induced in a dose-dependent manner by all AHR-ligands, suggesting a post-translational mechanism is involved in the decrease of cyp1a1 activity. The AHR-ligand-mediated decrease in cyp1a1 activity was reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Our results show that the AHR-ligands induce oxidative stress by an AHR-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem H Elbekai
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3118, Dentistry/Pharmacy Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
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2,3,7,8-TCDD neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells is caused by increased oxidative stress, intracellular calcium levels, and tau phosphorylation. Toxicology 2009; 255:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kopf PG, Huwe JK, Walker MK. Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and impaired vascular relaxation induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are associated with increased superoxide. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2008; 8:181-93. [PMID: 18850075 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-008-9027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases the incidence of human cardiovascular disease are not known. We investigated the degree to which cardiovascular disease develops in mice following subchronic TCDD exposure. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were dosed with vehicle or 300 ng TCDD/kg by oral gavage three times per week for 60 days. Blood pressure was recorded by radiotelemetry and aortic endothelial function was assessed by acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. Mean arterial pressure of TCDD-exposed mice was increased significantly by day 4 and between days 7-10, 25-35, and 45-60 with two periods of normalization on days 11-24 and days 36-39. Consistent with a prolonged period of systemic hypertension, heart weight was increased and was associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Significant increases in superoxide production also were observed in the kidney, heart, and aorta of TCDD-exposed mice. Furthermore, increased aortic superoxide resulted in endothelial dysfunction as demonstrated by significant impairment of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in TCDD-exposed mice, which was restored by tempol, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic. Our model is the first to definitely demonstrate that sustained AhR activation by TCDD increases blood pressure and induces cardiac hypertrophy, which may be mediated, in part, by increased superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G Kopf
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, 2502 Marble NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Lim J, DeWitt JC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB, Henshel DS. Suppression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in chicken liver during development. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 52:590-5. [PMID: 17285237 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) are an excellent model in which to evaluate developmental toxicity and oxidative stress because of their high sensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The goal of this study was to measure the effects of environmentally relevant doses of TCDD on endogenous hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in hatchling chickens. The vehicle (sunflower oil) or 2, 20, or 200 pg/g TCDD was injected into chicken eggs before incubation. On hatching, livers were harvested and quickly frozen. The changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx), copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined as indicators of oxidative stress. TCDD exposure was associated with a significant suppression of the activities of the protective endogenous enzymes GPx, GRx, and SOD in the liver, even at the lowest dose. CAT activity was also suppressed, but not significantly. The measured decreases were 37% to 63% for GPx, 50% to 58% for GRx, 30% to 40% for SOD, and 16% to 24% for CAT. Noncomplex dose-response relationships were evident in GPx and GRx, whereas SOD and CAT curves were U-shaped. These results demonstrate that a decreased ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species may result from developmental TCDD exposure at very low doses, contributing to oxidative stress and thus to the embryotoxicity of TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lim
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Walker NJ, Wyde ME, Fischer LJ, Nyska A, Bucher JR. Comparison of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in 2-year bioassays in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:934-44. [PMID: 16977594 PMCID: PMC1934421 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cancer bioassay for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) conducted by the Dow Chemical company in the mid 70s has been used extensively for conducting quantitative cancer risk assessments for human exposure to TCDD. More recently the National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a cancer bioassay of similar design as part of its evaluation of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor methodology. This report compares the design and the results of these two cancer bioassays. This comparison confirms, in most cases, previously published and widely used carcinogenic response characteristics with respect to dose, time course, organ selectivity, tumor type and maximum intensity of TCDD-induced carcinogenicity and toxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Specifically, increases in the incidences of neoplasms were seen in both studies in the liver, lung and oral mucosa. The most notable difference was the significant increase in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma of the liver seen in the NTP study but not in the Dow study. The experimental designs for the two studies are similar but some protocol parameters differed, such as vehicle, dosing schedule, diet and rat sub-strain utilized. Differences in the shapes of the dose response curves for several neoplasms were noted between the studies, with the NTP study showing non-linearity for all neoplasms. This may result from differences in the experimental protocols as well as divergence in the biological behavior of the different stocks of Sprague-Dawley rat strains used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Walker
- Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Natinal Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Byers JP, Masters K, Sarver JG, Hassoun EA. Association between the levels of biogenic amines and superoxide anion production in brain regions of rats after subchronic exposure to TCDD. Toxicology 2006; 228:291-8. [PMID: 17070641 PMCID: PMC1987358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of TCDD on the distribution of biogenic amines and production of superoxide anion (SA) in different brain regions of rats have been studied after subchronic exposure. Groups of females Sprague-Dawley rats were administered daily dose of 46ng TCDD/(kgday) (treated groups), or the vehicle used to dissolve TCDD (control group), for 90 days. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the exposure period and their brains were dissected into different regions including, hippocampus (H), cerebral cortex (Cc), cerebellum (C), and brain stem (Bs). The levels of different biogenic amines and some of their metabolites, including, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl acetic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxy indole 3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), were determined in those brain regions, using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with an electrochemical detector. SA production was also determined in those regions, using the cytochrome c reduction method. Results of analyses indicate significant increases in the levels of DA, NE and DOPAC in H, NE and HVA in Cc, NE and DA in Bs and NE in C. SA production was significantly increased in H and Cc, but not in Bs or C. The results also indicated strong correlations between DA and DOPAC, and SA and NE in all of the brain regions, and also between SA and 5-HT/HIAA in H and Cc. These results may indicate the contribution of biogenic amines, especially NE and 5-HT/HIAA to SA overproduction in some brain regions and may also indicate the potential of long term neurotoxic effects of those biogenic amines, in response to subchronic exposure to TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Byers
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Mariussen E, Fonnum F. Neurochemical targets and behavioral effects of organohalogen compounds: an update. Crit Rev Toxicol 2006; 36:253-89. [PMID: 16686424 DOI: 10.1080/10408440500534164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Organohalogen compounds (OHCs) have been used and still are used extensively as pesticides, flame retardants, hydraulic fluids, and in other industrial applications. These compounds are stable, most often lipophilic, and may therefore easily biomagnify. Today these compounds are found distributed both in human tissue, including breast milk, and in wildlife animals. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, high levels of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the pesticide dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in the environment. In the 1970s it was discovered that PCBs and some chlorinated pesticides, such as lindane, have neurotoxic potentials after both acute and chronic exposure. Although the use of PCBs, DDT, and other halogenated pesticides has been reduced, and environmental levels of these compounds are slowly diminishing, other halogenated compounds with potential of toxic effects are being found in the environment. These include the brominated flame retardants, chlorinated paraffins (PCAs), and perfluorinated compounds, whose levels are increasing. It is now established that several OHCs have neurobehavioral effects, indicating adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS). For instance, several reports have shown that OHCs alter neurotransmitter functions in CNS and Ca2+ homeostatic processes, induce protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) mobilization, and induce oxidative stress. In this review we summarize the findings of the neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects of some of the major OHCs with our main focus on the PCBs. Further, we try to elucidate, on the basis of available literature, the possible implications of these findings on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mariussen
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
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Hassoun EA, Vodhanel J, Holden B, Abushaban A. The effects of ellagic acid and vitamin E succinate on antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione levels in different brain regions of rats after subchronic exposure to TCDD. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2006; 69:381-93. [PMID: 16455616 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500246431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) and vitamin E succinate (VES) were previously shown to protect against 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in certain brain regions of rats after subchronic exposure. The current study was designed to assess the modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione (GSH) levels as protective measures for VES and EA against TCDD-induced ROS overproduction in four regions of rat brain. TCDD was administered to groups of rats at a daily dose of 46 ng/kg for 90 d. EA and VES were administered to some other groups of rats either alone or simultaneously with TCDD, every other day for 90 d. At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and brain regions were dissected, including cerebral cortex (Cc), hippocampus (H), cerebellum (C), and brainstem (Bs), for assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as GSH levels. While treatment of rats with VES alone or in combination with TCDD resulted in significant increases in SOD and CAT activities in different brain regions, treatment with EA resulted in a significant rise in total GSH levels and GSH-Px activity in those regions. Results may suggest antioxidant modulation by VES and EA as a mechanism for the previously observed protection by these compounds against TCDD-induced ROS overproduction in brain. Data also indicate there are two different pathways in the protection provided by the two antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezdihar A Hassoun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606,, USA.
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