1
|
Lei W, Chang S, Tian F, Zou X, Hu J, Qian S. Numerical simulation study on opening blood-brain barrier by ultrasonic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 109:107005. [PMID: 39098097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that ultrasonic cavitation can reversibly open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to assist drug delivery. Nevertheless, the majority of the present study focused on experimental aspects of BBB opening. In this study, we developed a three-bubble-liquid-solid model to investigate the dynamic behavior of multiple bubbles within the blood vessels, and elucidate the physical mechanism of drug molecules through endothelial cells under ultrasonic cavitation excitation. The results showed that the large bubbles have a significant inhibitory effect on the movement of small bubbles, and the vibration morphology of intravascular microbubbles was affected by the acoustic parameters, microbubble size, and the distance between the microbubbles. The ultrasonic cavitation can significantly enhance the unidirectional flux of drug molecules, and the unidirectional flux growth rate of the wall can reach more than 5 %. Microjets and shock waves emitted from microbubbles generate different stress distribution patterns on the vascular wall, which in turn affects the pore size of the vessel wall and the permeability of drug molecules. The vibration morphology of microbubbles is related to the concentration, arrangement and scale of microbubbles, and the drug permeation impact can be enhanced by optimizing bubble size and acoustic parameters. The results offer an extensive depiction of the factors influencing the blood-brain barrier opening through ultrasonic cavitation, and the model may provide a potential technique to actively regulate the penetration capacity of drugs through endothelial layer of the neurovascular system by regulating BBB opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirui Lei
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Feng Tian
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Jiwen Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shengyou Qian
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li F, Gallego J, Tirko NN, Greaser J, Bashe D, Patel R, Shaker E, Van Valkenburg GE, Alsubhi AS, Wellman S, Singh V, Padilla CG, Gheres KW, Broussard JI, Bagwell R, Mulvihill M, Kozai TDY. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5512. [PMID: 38951525 PMCID: PMC11217463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are important players in surveillance and repair of the brain. Implanting an electrode into the cortex activates microglia, produces an inflammatory cascade, triggers the foreign body response, and opens the blood-brain barrier. These changes can impede intracortical brain-computer interfaces performance. Using two-photon imaging of implanted microelectrodes, we test the hypothesis that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation can reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following the implantation of microelectrodes. In the first week of treatment, we found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation increased microglia migration speed by 128%, enhanced microglia expansion area by 109%, and a reduction in microglial activation by 17%, indicating improved tissue healing and surveillance. Microglial coverage of the microelectrode was reduced by 50% and astrocytic scarring by 36% resulting in an increase in recording performance at chronic time. The data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation helps reduce the foreign body response around chronic intracortical microelectrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Computational Modeling and Simulation PhD Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jazlyn Gallego
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha N Tirko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Derek Bashe
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rudra Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric Shaker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vanshika Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Camila Garcia Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antoniou A, Stavrou M, Evripidou N, Georgiou E, Kousiappa I, Koupparis A, Papacostas SS, Kleopa KA, Damianou C. FUS-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption for delivering anti-Aβ antibodies in 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mice. J Ultrasound 2024; 27:251-262. [PMID: 37516718 PMCID: PMC11178731 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, the main component of amyloid plaques found in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, are implicated in its pathogenesis, and are considered a key target in AD therapeutics. We herein propose a reliable strategy for non-invasively delivering a specific anti-Aβ antibody in a mouse model of AD by microbubbles-enhanced Focused Ultrasound (FUS)-mediated Blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD), using a simple single stage MR-compatible positioning device. METHODS The initial experimental work involved wild-type mice and was devoted to selecting the sonication protocol for efficient and safe BBBD. Pulsed FUS was applied using a single-element FUS transducer of 1 MHz (80 mm radius of curvature and 50 mm diameter). The success and extent of BBBD were assessed by Evans Blue extravasation and brain damage by hematoxylin and eosin staining. 5XFAD mice were divided into different subgroups; control (n = 1), FUS + MBs alone (n = 5), antibody alone (n = 5), and FUS + antibody combined (n = 10). The changes in antibody deposition among groups were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS It was confirmed that the antibody could not normally enter the brain parenchyma. A single treatment with MBs-enhanced pulsed FUS using the optimized protocol (1 MHz, 0.5 MPa in-situ pressure, 10 ms bursts, 1% duty factor, 100 s duration) transiently disrupted the BBB allowing for non-invasive antibody delivery to amyloid plaques within the sonicated brain regions. This was consistently reproduced in ten mice. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings should be confirmed by longer-term studies examining the antibody effects on plaque clearance and cognitive benefit to hold promise for developing disease-modifying anti-Aβ therapeutics for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Antoniou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Neurobiology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikolas Evripidou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Elena Georgiou
- Department of Neuroscience, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Kousiappa
- Department of Neurobiology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Koupparis
- Department of Neurobiology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Savvas S Papacostas
- Department of Neurobiology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Department of Neuroscience, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan S, Hale AT, Lemieux ME, Raval DK, Garton TP, Sadler B, Mahaney KB, Strahle JM. Iron homeostasis and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a review. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287559. [PMID: 38283681 PMCID: PMC10811254 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron physiology is regulated by a complex interplay of extracellular transport systems, coordinated transcriptional responses, and iron efflux mechanisms. Dysregulation of iron metabolism can result in defects in myelination, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuronal maturation. In neonates, germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) causes iron overload as a result of blood breakdown in the ventricles and brain parenchyma which can lead to post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). However, the precise mechanisms by which GMH-IVH results in PHH remain elusive. Understanding the molecular determinants of iron homeostasis in the developing brain may lead to improved therapies. This manuscript reviews the various roles iron has in brain development, characterizes our understanding of iron transport in the developing brain, and describes potential mechanisms by which iron overload may cause PHH and brain injury. We also review novel preclinical treatments for IVH that specifically target iron. Understanding iron handling within the brain and central nervous system may provide a basis for preventative, targeted treatments for iron-mediated pathogenesis of GMH-IVH and PHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew T. Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mackenzie E. Lemieux
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhvanii K. Raval
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P. Garton
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brooke Sadler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kelly B. Mahaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Zhang G, Luo L, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Fan Z, Guo X, Wu X, Zhang D, Tu J. Improved assessment sensitivity of time-varying cavitation events based on wavelet analysis. ULTRASONICS 2023; 138:107227. [PMID: 38118237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic cavitation, characterized by the oscillation or abrupt collapse of cavitation nuclei in response to ultrasound stimulation, plays a significant role in various applications within both industrial and biomedical sectors. In particular, inertial cavitation (IC) has garnered considerable attention due to the resulting mechanical, chemical, and thermal effects. Passive cavitation detection (PCD) has emerged as a valuable technique for monitoring this procedure. While the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a widely used algorithm to analyze IC-induced broadband noise detected by PCD system, it may not adequately capture the time-varying instability of cavitation due to potential nuclei collapse during ultrasound irradiation. In contrast, the continuous wavelet transform offers a more flexible approach, enabling more sensitive analysis of signals with varying frequencies over time. In this study, nanodiamond (ND) and its derivative, nitro-doped nanodiamond (N-AND), known to possess cavitation potential from previous research, were chosen as the source of cavitation nuclei. The cavitation signals detected by PCD were subjected to both FFT and wavelet analyses, with their results comprehensively compared. This research showcased the feasibility of employing wavelet analysis for effective inertial cavitation evaluation. It provided the advantage of monitoring the temporal evolution of cavitation events in real-time, enhancing sensitivity to weak and unstable cavitation signals, especially those in higher order components (3rd and 4th order). Additionally, it yielded a higher level of precision in determining IC thresholds and doses. Furthermore, the inclusion of time information through wavelet analysis offered insights into the limitations of low-cycle ultrasound in inducing IC. This study introduces a novel perspective for more sensitive and precise cavitation assessment, leveraging time and frequency data from wavelet analysis, and holds promise for effective utilization of cavitation effects while minimizing losses and damages resulting from unintended cavitation events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li F, Gallego J, Tirko NN, Greaser J, Bashe D, Patel R, Shaker E, Van Valkenburg GE, Alsubhi AS, Wellman S, Singh V, Padill CG, Gheres KW, Bagwell R, Mulvihill M, Kozai TDY. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570162. [PMID: 38105969 PMCID: PMC10723293 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are important players in surveillance and repair of the brain. Their activation mediates neuroinflammation caused by intracortical microelectrode implantation, which impedes the application of intracortical brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). While low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) can attenuate microglial activation, its potential to modulate the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and enhance the bio-integration of microelectrodes remains insufficiently explored. We found that LIPUS increased microglia migration speed from 0.59±0.04 to 1.35±0.07 µm/hr on day 1 and enhanced microglia expansion area from 44.50±6.86 to 93.15±8.77 µm 2 /min on day 7, indicating improved tissue healing and surveillance. Furthermore, LIPUS reduced microglial activation by 17% on day 6, vessel-associated microglia ratio from 70.67±6.15 to 40.43±3.87% on day 7, and vessel diameter by 20% on day 28. Additionally, microglial coverage of the microelectrode was reduced by 50% in week 1, indicating better tissue-microelectrode integration. These data reveal that LIPUS helps resolve neuroinflammation around chronic intracortical microelectrodes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao N, Chung TD, Guo Z, Jamieson JJ, Liang L, Linville RM, Pessell AF, Wang L, Searson PC. The influence of physiological and pathological perturbations on blood-brain barrier function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1289894. [PMID: 37937070 PMCID: PMC10626523 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1289894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is located at the interface between the vascular system and the brain parenchyma, and is responsible for communication with systemic circulation and peripheral tissues. During life, the BBB can be subjected to a wide range of perturbations or stresses that may be endogenous or exogenous, pathological or therapeutic, or intended or unintended. The risk factors for many diseases of the brain are multifactorial and involve perturbations that may occur simultaneously (e.g., two-hit model for Alzheimer's disease) and result in different outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of individual perturbations on BBB function in isolation. Here we review the effects of eight perturbations: mechanical forces, temperature, electromagnetic radiation, hypoxia, endogenous factors, exogenous factors, chemical factors, and pathogens. While some perturbations may result in acute or chronic BBB disruption, many are also exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The resultant outcome on BBB function depends on the dose (or magnitude) and duration of the perturbation. Homeostasis may be restored by self-repair, for example, via processes such as proliferation of affected cells or angiogenesis to create new vasculature. Transient or sustained BBB dysfunction may result in acute or pathological symptoms, for example, microhemorrhages or hypoperfusion. In more extreme cases, perturbations may lead to cytotoxicity and cell death, for example, through exposure to cytotoxic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tracy D. Chung
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John J. Jamieson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lily Liang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raleigh M. Linville
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alex F. Pessell
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Linus Wang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter C. Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Q, Xue H, Zhang H, Chen Y, Liu Z, Fan Z, Guo X, Wu X, Zhang D, Tu J. Enhanced thrombolytic effect induced by acoustic cavitation generated from nitrogen-doped annealed nanodiamond particles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106563. [PMID: 37647744 PMCID: PMC10474234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In biomedical research, ultrasonic cavitation, especially inertial cavitation (IC) has attracted extensive attentions due to its ability to induce mechanical, chemical and thermal effects. Like ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) microbubbles or droplets, acoustic cavitation can be effectively triggered beyond a certain pressure threshold through the interaction between ultrasound and nucleation particles, leading to an enhanced thrombolytic effect. As a newly developed nanocarbon material, nitrogen-doped annealed nanodiamond (N-AND) has shown promising catalytic performance. To further explore its effects on ultrasonic cavitation, N-AND was synthesized at the temperature of 1000 °C. After systematic material characterization, the potential of N-AND to induce enhanced IC activity was assessed for the first time by using passive cavitation detection (PCD). Based on experiments performed at varied material suspension concentration and cycle number, N-AND demonstrated a strong capability to generate significant cavitation characteristics, indicating the formation of stable bubbles from the surface of the materials. Furthermore, N-AND was applied in the in vitro thrombolysis experiments to verify its contribution to ultrasound thrombolysis. The influence of surface hydrophobicity on the cavitation potentials of ND and N-AND was innovatively discussed in combination with the theory of mote-induced nucleation. It is found that the cavitation stability of N-AND was better than that of the commercial UCA microbubbles. This study would provide better understanding of the potential of novel carbonous nanomaterials as cavitation nuclei and is expected to provide guidance for their future biomedical and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Honghui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi 214153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Dezhou 251100, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aliabouzar M, Quesada C, Chan ZQ, Fowlkes JB, Franceschi RT, Putnam AJ, Fabiilli ML. Acoustic droplet vaporization for on-demand modulation of microporosity in smart hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:195-208. [PMID: 37121372 PMCID: PMC10538466 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microporosity in hydrogels is critical for directing tissue formation and function. We have developed a fibrin-based smart hydrogel, termed an acoustically responsive scaffold (ARS), which responds to focused ultrasound in a spatiotemporally controlled, user-defined manner. ARSs are highly flexible platforms due to the inclusion of phase-shift droplets and their tunable response to ultrasound through a mechanism termed acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). Here, we demonstrated that ADV enabled consistent generation of micropores in ARSs, throughout the entire thickness (∼5.5 mm), utilizing perfluorooctane phase-shift droplets. Size characteristics of the generated micropores were quantified in response to critical parameters including acoustic properties, droplet size, and shear elastic modulus of fibrin using confocal microscopy. The findings showed that the length of the generated micropores correlated directly with excitation frequency, peak rarefactional pressure, pulse duration, droplet size, and indirectly with the shear elastic modulus of the fibrin matrix. The ADV-generated micropores in ARSs were further compared with cavitation-mediated micropores in fibrin gels without droplets. Additionally, the Keller-Miksis equation was used to predict an upper bound for micropore formation in ARSs at varying driving frequencies and droplet sizes. Finally, our in vivo studies showed that host cell migration following ADV-induced micropore formation was frequency-dependent, with up to 2.6 times higher cell migration at lower frequencies. Overall, these findings demonstrate a new potential application of ADV in hydrogels. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Interconnected micropores within a hydrogel can facilitate many cell-mediated processes. Most techniques for generating micropores are typically not biocompatible or do not enable controlled, in situ micropore formation. We used an ultrasound-based technique, termed acoustic droplet vaporization, to generate microporosity in smart hydrogels termed acoustically responsive scaffolds (ARSs). ARSs contain a fibrin matrix doped with a phase-shift droplet. We demonstrate that unique acoustic properties of phase-shift droplets can be tailored to yield spatiotemporally controlled, on-demand micropore formation. Additionally, the size characteristics of the ultrasound-generated micropores can be modulated by tuning ultrasound parameters, droplet properties, and bulk elastic properties of fibrin. Finally, we demonstrate significant, frequency-dependent host cell migration in subcutaneously implanted ARSs in mice following ultrasound-induced micropore formation in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Carole Quesada
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ze Qi Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Brian Fowlkes
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Dental School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopez A, Osborn J, Irwin R, Khismatullin DB, Clement GT, Myers MR. Vessel Rupture Thresholds for Vessel-Bubble Interactions Using an Earthworm Vasculature Model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1108-1117. [PMID: 36717284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intravenous microbubble oscillation in the presence of ultrasound has the potential to yield a wide range of therapeutic benefits. However, the likelihood of vessel damage caused by mechanical effects has not been quantified as a function of the numerous important parameters in therapeutic ultrasound procedures. In this study, we examined the effects of microbubbles injected into the vasculature of the earthworm. It was found that the elastic properties of earthworm blood vessels are similar to those of arteries in older humans, and that earthworms are well suited to the large number of experiments necessary to investigate safety of procedures involving microbubble oscillation in sonicated vessels. METHODS Microbubbles were infused into earthworm vessels, and the rupture time during sonication was recorded as a function of ultrasound frequency, pulse repetition frequency and acoustic pressure. DISCUSSION A modified mechanical index (MMI) was defined that successfully captured the trends in rupture probability and rupture time for the different parameter values, creating a database of vessel rupture thresholds. In the absence of bubbles, the product of MMI squared and rupture time was approximately constant, indicating a possible radiation-force effect. CONCLUSION The MMI was an effective correlating parameter in the presence of bubbles, though the mathematical dependence is not yet apparent. The results of the study are expected to be valuable in designing more refined studies in vertebrate models, as well as informing computational models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asis Lopez
- Bioinnovation Ph.D. Program, Biomedical Engineering Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Jenna Osborn
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rachael Irwin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Collins MN, Mesce KA. A review of the bioeffects of low-intensity focused ultrasound and the benefits of a cellular approach. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1047324. [PMID: 36439246 PMCID: PMC9685663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1047324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights the historical developments and current state of knowledge of an important neuromodulation technology: low-intensity focused ultrasound. Because compelling studies have shown that focused ultrasound can modulate neuronal activity non-invasively, especially in deep brain structures with high spatial specificity, there has been a renewed interest in attempting to understand the specific bioeffects of focused ultrasound at the cellular level. Such information is needed to facilitate the safe and effective use of focused ultrasound to treat a number of brain and nervous system disorders in humans. Unfortunately, to date, there appears to be no singular biological mechanism to account for the actions of focused ultrasound, and it is becoming increasingly clear that different types of nerve cells will respond to focused ultrasound differentially based on the complement of their ion channels, other membrane biophysical properties, and arrangement of synaptic connections. Furthermore, neurons are apparently not equally susceptible to the mechanical, thermal and cavitation-related consequences of focused ultrasound application-to complicate matters further, many studies often use distinctly different focused ultrasound stimulus parameters to achieve a reliable response in neural activity. In this review, we consider the benefits of studying more experimentally tractable invertebrate preparations, with an emphasis on the medicinal leech, where neurons can be studied as unique individual cells and be synaptically isolated from the indirect effects of focused ultrasound stimulation on mechanosensitive afferents. In the leech, we have concluded that heat is the primary effector of focused ultrasound neuromodulation, especially on motoneurons in which we observed a focused ultrasound-mediated blockade of action potentials. We discuss that the mechanical bioeffects of focused ultrasound, which are frequently described in the literature, are less reliably achieved as compared to thermal ones, and that observations ascribed to mechanical responses may be confounded by activation of synaptically-coupled sensory structures or artifacts associated with electrode resonance. Ultimately, both the mechanical and thermal components of focused ultrasound have significant potential to contribute to the sculpting of specific neural outcomes. Because focused ultrasound can generate significant modulation at a temperature <5°C, which is believed to be safe for moderate durations, we support the idea that focused ultrasound should be considered as a thermal neuromodulation technology for clinical use, especially targeting neural pathways in the peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N. Collins
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Karen A. Mesce
- Department of Entomology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barzegar-Fallah A, Gandhi K, Rizwan SB, Slatter TL, Reynolds JNJ. Harnessing Ultrasound for Targeting Drug Delivery to the Brain and Breaching the Blood–Brain Tumour Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102231. [PMID: 36297666 PMCID: PMC9607160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in developing drugs to treat brain tumours, achieving therapeutic concentrations of the drug at the tumour site remains a major challenge due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Several strategies have evolved to enhance brain delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to treat tumours; however, most approaches have several limitations which hinder their clinical utility. Promising studies indicate that ultrasound can penetrate the skull to target specific brain regions and transiently open the BBB, safely and reversibly, with a high degree of spatial and temporal specificity. In this review, we initially describe the basics of therapeutic ultrasound, then detail ultrasound-based drug delivery strategies to the brain and the mechanisms by which ultrasound can improve brain tumour therapy. We review pre-clinical and clinical findings from ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and drug delivery studies and outline current therapeutic ultrasound devices and technologies designed for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Barzegar-Fallah
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Kushan Gandhi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Shakila B. Rizwan
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Tania L. Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - John N. J. Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-479-5781; Fax: +64-3-479-7254
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Partridge B, Eardley A, Morales BE, Campelo SN, Lorenzo MF, Mehta JN, Kani Y, Mora JKG, Campbell EOY, Arena CB, Platt S, Mintz A, Shinn RL, Rylander CG, Debinski W, Davalos RV, Rossmeisl JH. Advancements in drug delivery methods for the treatment of brain disease. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1039745. [PMID: 36330152 PMCID: PMC9623817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1039745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a formidable obstacle to the effective delivery of systemically administered pharmacological agents to the brain, with ~5% of candidate drugs capable of effectively penetrating the BBB. A variety of biomaterials and therapeutic delivery devices have recently been developed that facilitate drug delivery to the brain. These technologies have addressed many of the limitations imposed by the BBB by: (1) designing or modifying the physiochemical properties of therapeutic compounds to allow for transport across the BBB; (2) bypassing the BBB by administration of drugs via alternative routes; and (3) transiently disrupting the BBB (BBBD) using biophysical therapies. Here we specifically review colloidal drug carrier delivery systems, intranasal, intrathecal, and direct interstitial drug delivery methods, focused ultrasound BBBD, and pulsed electrical field induced BBBD, as well as the key features of BBB structure and function that are the mechanistic targets of these approaches. Each of these drug delivery technologies are illustrated in the context of their potential clinical applications and limitations in companion animals with naturally occurring intracranial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Allison Eardley
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brianna E. Morales
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sabrina N. Campelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Melvin F. Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jason N. Mehta
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yukitaka Kani
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Josefa K. Garcia Mora
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Etse-Oghena Y. Campbell
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Christopher B. Arena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Simon Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard L. Shinn
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Rylander
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salvador E, Kessler AF, Domröse D, Hörmann J, Schaeffer C, Giniunaite A, Burek M, Tempel-Brami C, Voloshin T, Volodin A, Zeidan A, Giladi M, Ernestus RI, Löhr M, Förster CY, Hagemann C. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Reversibly Permeabilize the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1348. [PMID: 36291557 PMCID: PMC9599321 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic substances that could potentially target CNS disorders, an inability of these agents to cross the restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits their clinical utility. Novel strategies to overcome the BBB are therefore needed to improve drug delivery. We report, for the first time, how Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), approved for glioblastoma (GBM), affect the BBB's integrity and permeability. Here, we treated murine microvascular cerebellar endothelial cells (cerebEND) with 100-300 kHz TTFields for up to 72 h and analyzed the expression of barrier proteins by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. In vivo, compounds normally unable to cross the BBB were traced in healthy rat brain following TTFields administration at 100 kHz. The effects were analyzed via MRI and immunohistochemical staining of tight-junction proteins. Furthermore, GBM tumor-bearing rats were treated with paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic normally restricted by the BBB combined with TTFields at 100 kHz. The tumor volume was reduced with TTFields plus PTX, relative to either treatment alone. In vitro, we demonstrate that TTFields transiently disrupted BBB function at 100 kHz through a Rho kinase-mediated tight junction claudin-5 phosphorylation pathway. Altogether, if translated into clinical use, TTFields could represent a novel CNS drug delivery strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellaine Salvador
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almuth F. Kessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Domröse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hörmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clara Schaeffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aiste Giniunaite
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Y. Förster
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Schaik PEM, Zuhorn IS, Baron W. Targeting Fibronectin to Overcome Remyelination Failure in Multiple Sclerosis: The Need for Brain- and Lesion-Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158418. [PMID: 35955549 PMCID: PMC9368816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology that can be characterized by the presence of demyelinated lesions. Prevailing treatment protocols in MS rely on the modulation of the inflammatory process but do not impact disease progression. Remyelination is an essential factor for both axonal survival and functional neurological recovery but is often insufficient. The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin contributes to the inhibitory environment created in MS lesions and likely plays a causative role in remyelination failure. The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) hinders the delivery of remyelination therapeutics to lesions. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to normalize the pathogenic MS lesion environment need to be able to cross the BBB. In this review, we outline the multifaceted roles of fibronectin in MS pathogenesis and discuss promising therapeutic targets and agents to overcome fibronectin-mediated inhibition of remyelination. In addition, to pave the way for clinical use, we reflect on opportunities to deliver MS therapeutics to lesions through the utilization of nanomedicine and discuss strategies to deliver fibronectin-directed therapeutics across the BBB. The use of well-designed nanocarriers with appropriate surface functionalization to cross the BBB and target the lesion sites is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. M. van Schaik
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (I.S.Z.); (W.B.); Tel.: +31-50-3616178 (I.S.Z.); +31-503611652 (W.B.); Fax: +31-503616190 (W.B.)
| | - Wia Baron
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (I.S.Z.); (W.B.); Tel.: +31-50-3616178 (I.S.Z.); +31-503611652 (W.B.); Fax: +31-503616190 (W.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lerner EC, Edwards RM, Wilkinson DS, Fecci PE. Laser ablation: Heating up the anti-tumor response in the intracranial compartment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114311. [PMID: 35489652 PMCID: PMC10589123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), have had limited success in treating intracranial malignancies. These failures are due partly to the restrictive blood-brain-barrier (BBB), the profound tumor-dependent induction of local and systemic immunosuppression, and immune evasion exhibited by these tumors. Therefore, novel approaches must be explored that aim to overcome these stringent barriers. LITT is an emerging treatment for brain tumors that utilizes thermal ablation to kill tumor cells. LITT provides an additional therapeutic benefit by synergizing with ICI and systemic chemotherapies to strengthen the anti-tumor immune response. This synergistic relationship involves transient disruption of the BBB and local augmentation of immune function, culminating in increased CNS drug penetrance and improved anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we will provide an overview of the challenges facing immunotherapy for brain tumors, and discuss how LITT may synergize with the endogenous anti-tumor response to improve the efficacy of ICI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Lerner
- Duke Medical School, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ryan M Edwards
- Duke Medical School, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel S Wilkinson
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baek H, Lockwood D, Mason EJ, Obusez E, Poturalski M, Rammo R, Nagel SJ, Jones SE. Clinical Intervention Using Focused Ultrasound (FUS) Stimulation of the Brain in Diverse Neurological Disorders. Front Neurol 2022; 13:880814. [PMID: 35614924 PMCID: PMC9124976 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.880814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Various surgical techniques and pharmaceutical treatments have been developed to improve the current technologies of treating brain diseases. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a new brain stimulation modality that can exert a therapeutic effect on diseased brain cells, with this effect ranging from permanent ablation of the pathological neural circuit to transient excitatory/inhibitory modulation of the neural activity depending on the acoustic energy of choice. With the development of intraoperative imaging technology, FUS has become a clinically available noninvasive neurosurgical option with visual feedback. Over the past 10 years, FUS has shown enormous potential. It can deliver acoustic energy through the physical barrier of the brain and eliminate abnormal brain cells to treat patients with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. In addition, FUS can help introduce potentially beneficial therapeutics at the exact brain region where they need to be, bypassing the brain's function barrier, which can be applied for a wide range of central nervous system disorders. In this review, we introduce the current FDA-approved clinical applications of FUS, ranging from thermal ablation to blood barrier opening, as well as the emerging applications of FUS in the context of pain control, epilepsy, and neuromodulation. We also discuss the expansion of future applications and challenges. Broadening FUS technologies requires a deep understanding of the effect of ultrasound when targeting various brain structures in diverse disease conditions in the context of skull interface, anatomical structure inside the brain, and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchae Baek
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Lockwood
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Emmanuel Obusez
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Richard Rammo
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sean J. Nagel
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen E. Jones
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen E. Jones
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Capart A, Metwally K, Bastiancich C, Da Silva A. Multiphysical numerical study of photothermal therapy of glioblastoma with photoacoustic temperature monitoring in a mouse head. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1202-1223. [PMID: 35414964 PMCID: PMC8973158 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a multiphysical numerical study of a photothermal therapy performed on a numerical phantom of a mouse head containing a glioblastoma. The study has been designed to be as realistic as possible. Heat diffusion simulations were performed on the phantom to understand the temperature evolution in the mouse head and therefore in the glioblastoma. The thermal dose has been calculated and lesions caused by heat are shown. The thermal damage on the tumor has also been quantified. To improve the effectiveness of the therapy, the photoabsorber's concentration was increased locally, at the tumor site, to mimic the effect of using absorbing contrast agents such as nanoparticles. Photoacoustic simulations were performed in order to monitor temperature in the phantom: as the Grüneisen parameter changes with the temperature, the photoacoustic signal undergoes changes that can be linked to temperature evolution. These photoacoustic simulations were performed at different instants during the therapy and the evolution of the photoacoustic signal as a function of the spatio-temporal distribution of the temperature in the phantom was observed and quantified. We have developed in this paper a numerical tool that can be used to help defining key parameters of a photothermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Capart
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Khaled Metwally
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Bastiancich
- Institute Neurophysiopathol, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Anabela Da Silva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
An On-Demand Drug Delivery System for Control of Epileptiform Seizures. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020468. [PMID: 35214199 PMCID: PMC8879600 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems have the potential to deliver high concentrations of drug to target areas on demand, while elsewhere and at other times encapsulating the drug, to limit unwanted actions. Here we show proof of concept in vivo and ex vivo tests of a novel drug delivery system based on hollow-gold nanoparticles tethered to liposomes (HGN-liposomes), which become transiently permeable when activated by optical or acoustic stimulation. We show that laser or ultrasound simulation of HGN-liposomes loaded with the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, triggers rapid and repeatable release in a sufficient concentration to inhibit neurons and suppress seizure activity. In particular, laser-stimulated release of muscimol from previously injected HGN-liposomes caused subsecond hyperpolarizations of the membrane potential of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, measured by whole cell intracellular recordings with patch electrodes. In hippocampal slices and hippocampal–entorhinal cortical wedges, seizure activity was immediately suppressed by muscimol release from HGN-liposomes triggered by laser or ultrasound pulses. After intravenous injection of HGN-liposomes in whole anesthetized rats, ultrasound stimulation applied to the brain through the dura attenuated the seizure activity induced by pentylenetetrazol. Ultrasound alone, or HGN-liposomes without ultrasound stimulation, had no effect. Intracerebrally-injected HGN-liposomes containing kainic acid retained their contents for at least one week, without damage to surrounding tissue. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of precise temporal control over exposure of neurons to the drug, potentially enabling therapeutic effects without continuous exposure. For future application, studies on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity of HGN-liposomes and their constituents, together with improved methods of targeting, are needed, to determine the utility and safety of the technology in humans.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsivgoulis G, Safouris A, Alexandrov AV. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
21
|
Haydar D, Ibañez-Vega J, Krenciute G. T-Cell Immunotherapy for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: New Insights to Overcoming Therapeutic Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718030. [PMID: 34760690 PMCID: PMC8573171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain the most debilitating, difficult to treat, and deadliest cancers. Current therapies, including radiation, chemotherapy, and/or surgery, are unable to cure these diseases and are associated with serious adverse effects and long-term impairments. Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has the potential to elucidate therapeutic antitumor immune responses that improve survival without the devastating adverse effects associated with other therapies. Yet, despite the outstanding performance of CAR T cells against hematologic malignancies, they have shown little success targeting brain tumors. This lack of efficacy is due to a scarcity of targetable antigens, interactions with the immune microenvironment, and physical and biological barriers limiting the homing and trafficking of CAR T cells to brain tumors. In this review, we summarize experiences with CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric CNS tumors in preclinical and clinical settings and focus on the current roadblocks and novel strategies to potentially overcome those therapeutic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wan Z, Li C, Gu J, Qian J, Zhu J, Wang J, Li Y, Jiang J, Chen H, Luo C. Accurately Controlled Delivery of Temozolomide by Biocompatible UiO-66-NH 2 Through Ultrasound to Enhance the Antitumor Efficacy and Attenuate the Toxicity for Treatment of Malignant Glioma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6905-6922. [PMID: 34675514 PMCID: PMC8517532 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s330187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour in adults and has a dismal prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only clinical first-line chemotherapy drug for malignant glioma up to present. Due to poor aqueous solubility and toxic effects, TMZ is still inefficient and limited for clinical glioma treatment. Methods UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticle is a zirconium-based framework, constructed by Zr and 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC-NH2) with octahedral microporous structure, which can be decomposed by the body into an ionic form to discharge. We prepared the nanoscale metal-organic framework (MOF) of UiO-66-NH2 to load TMZ for therapy of malignant glioma, TMZ is released from UiO-66-NH2 through a porous structure. The ultrasound accelerates its porous percolation and promotes the rapid dissolution of TMZ through low-frequency oscillations and cavitation effect. The biological safety and antitumor efficacy were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results The prepared TMZ@MOF exhibited excellent biocompatibility and biosafety due to minimal drug leakage without ultrasound intervention. We further used the flank model of glioblastoma to verify the in vivo therapeutic effect. TMZ@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites could be well delivered to the tumour tissue, which led to local enrichment of the TMZ concentration. Furthermore, TMZ@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites under ultrasound demonstrated much more efficient inhibition for tumor growth than TMZ@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites and TMZ alone. Meanwhile, the bone marrow suppression side effects of TMZ were significantly reduced by TMZ@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites. Conclusion In this work, TMZ@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites with ultrasound mediation could effectively improve the killing effect of malignant glioma and decrease TMZ-induced toxicity in normal tissues, demonstrating great potential for the delivery of TMZ in the clinical treatment of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmao Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Junle Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwen Li
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Huairui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mastrobattista E. Formulation and delivery solutions for the next generation biotherapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 336:583-597. [PMID: 34174354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2018 I was appointed full professor of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Delivery at the Pharmaceutics division of the department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. In this contribution to the Orations - New Horizons of the Journal of Controlled Release I will introduce my research group (see also www.uu.nl/pharmaceutics) and will highlight my current and future research projects. In coming years the focus of my research will be on the administration of biotherapeutics, aiming to control their fate from the site of injection to the site of action. I will discuss issues related to formulation of biotherapeutics into nanomedicines (NMs), intracellular delivery of nucleic acids as well as protein therapeutics, and targeted delivery of biotherapeutics beyond the liver. In addition, I will provide a forward view on how current developments in the drug delivery and gene therapy field may result in sustainable and cost-effective dosing regimens for biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alptekin A, Khan MB, Ara R, Rashid MH, Kong F, Parvin M, Frank JA, Chopra R, Dhandapani K, Arbab AS. Pulsed Focal Ultrasound as a Non-Invasive Method to Deliver Exosomes in the Brain/Stroke. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1170-1183. [PMID: 34167630 PMCID: PMC11060887 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, a component of extracellular vesicles, are shown to carry important small RNAs, mRNAs, protein, and bioactive lipid from parent cells and are found in most biological fluids. Investigators have demonstrated the importance of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in repairing stroke lesions. However, exosomes from endothelial progenitor cells have not been tested in any stroke model, nor has there been an evaluation of whether these exosomes target/home to areas of pathology. Targeted delivery of intravenous administered exosomes has been a great challenge, and a targeted delivery system is lacking to deliver naïve (unmodified) exosomes from endothelial progenitor cells to the site of interest. Pulsed focused ultrasound is being used for therapeutic and experimental purposes. There has not been any report showing the use of low-intensity pulsed focused ultrasound to deliver exosomes to the site of interest in stroke models. In this proof of principle study, we have shown different parameters of pulsed focused ultrasound to deliver exosomes in the intact and stroke brain with or without intravenous administration of nanobubbles. The study results showed that administration of nanobubbles is detrimental to the brain structures (micro bleeding and white matter destruction) at peak negative pressure of >0.25 megapascal, despite enhanced delivery of intravenous administered exosomes. However, without nanobubbles, pulsed focused ultrasound enhances the delivery of exosomes in the stroke area without altering the brain structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roxan Ara
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Science, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Ali S. Arbab
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Man VH, Li MS, Derreumaux P, Wang J, Nguyen TT, Nangia S, Nguyen PH. Molecular mechanism of ultrasound interaction with a blood brain barrier model. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:045104. [PMID: 32752695 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is strictly protected by the blood brain barrier preventing the crossing of therapeutics to treat brain diseases. The high and low intensity focused ultrasound methods have been used to temporarily open the blood brain barrier, facilitating the transport of drugs. The methods are very promising because the opening is transient, localized, and noninvasive. However, the molecular mechanism of the opening is unknown, and this limits the development and application of these methods. With this in mind, we carry out a molecular dynamics simulation study to understand the interaction of ultrasound with the cell membrane and the tight junction. Our minimal blood brain barrier model is composed of two lipid bilayers, mimicking two portions of neighboring cells, connected together by a tight junction formed by a pair of two cis-dimers of the claudin-5 protein. Using an experimental ultrasound frequency of 50 MHz, simulations show that at low intensities, ultrasound does not impact the structure of the cell membranes and tight junction, implying that the direct interaction of ultrasound with the blood brain barrier is not responsible for the experimentally observed opening. At high intensities, the ultrasound pulls the monolayers of individual cell membrane lipid bilayers apart, creating air compartments inside the bilayers. This reduces the free energy barrier for the translocation of drugs across the lipid bilayer and enhances drug permeability. At very high intensities, the two monolayers are largely separated, resulting in cell damage and implying that the blood brain barrier is primarily opened at the experimentally observed damaged areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hoang Man
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, Universite de Paris, UPR9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Toan T Nguyen
- Key Laboratory for Multiscale Simulation of Complex Systems, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, Universite de Paris, UPR9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Sugino C, Ruzzene M, Erturk A. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Guided Waves in a Human Skull. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:787-798. [PMID: 33358510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate guided (Lamb) waves in a human cadaver skull through experiments and computational simulations. Ultrasonic wedge transducers and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry are used respectively to excite and measure Lamb waves propagating in the cranial bone of a degassed skull. Measurements are performed over a section of the parietal bone and temporal bone spanning the squamous suture. The experimental data are analyzed for the identification of wave modes and the characterization of dispersion properties. In the parietal bone, for instance, the A0 wave mode is excited between 200 and 600 kHz, and higher-order Lamb waves are excited from 1 to 1.8 MHz. From the experimental dispersion curves and average thickness extracted from the skull computed tomography scan, we estimate average isotropic material properties that capture the essential dispersion characteristics using a semi-analytical finite-element model. We also explore the leaky and non-leaky wave behavior of the degassed skull with water loading in the cranial cavity. Successful excitation of leaky Lamb waves is confirmed (for higher-order wave modes with phase velocity faster than the speed of sound in water) from 500 kHz to 1.5 MHz, which may find applications in imaging and therapeutics at the brain periphery or skull-brain interface (e.g., for metastases). The non-leaky A0 Lamb wave mode propagates between 200 and 600 kHz, with or without fluid loading, for potential use in skull-related diagnostics and imaging (e.g., for sutures).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sugino
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Massimo Ruzzene
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alper Erturk
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aresteanu RNS, Borodetsky A, Azhari H, Weitz IS. Ultrasound-induced and MRI-monitored CuO nanoparticles release from micelle encapsulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:055705. [PMID: 33059339 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc1a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Moreover, they have a contrast enhancing effect in both MRI and ultrasound. Nonetheless, encapsulation is needed to control their toxic side effects and a mechanism for release on demand is required. A methodology is introduced herein for encapsulating and releasing CuO NPs from micelles by ultrasound induced hyperthermia and monitoring the process by MRI. For this aim, CuO NPs loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) micelles were prepared. Then, the profile of copper release with application of ultrasound was examined as a function of time and temperature using a colorimetric method. Finally, T1 weighted MRI images of suspensions and ex vivo poultry liver samples containing the CuO NPs loaded micelles were acquired before and after ultrasound application. The results confirmed that: (i) encapsulated NPs are detectible by MRI T1 mapping, depicting substantial T1 shortening from 1872 ± 62 ms to 683 ± 20 ms. (ii) Ultrasonic hyperthermia stimulated the NPs release with an about threefold increase compared to non-treated samples. (iii) Releasing effect was clearly visible by T1-weighted imaging (mean signal increase ratio of 2.29). These findings can potentially lead to the development of a new noninvasive methodology for CuO NPs based theranostic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haim Azhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Iris S Weitz
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
TMS-Induced Controlled BBB Opening: Preclinical Characterization and Implications for Treatment of Brain Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100946. [PMID: 33027965 PMCID: PMC7650663 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper neuronal function requires strict maintenance of the brain's extracellular environment. Therefore, passage of molecules between the circulation and brain neuropil is tightly regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While the BBB is vital for normal brain function, it also restricts the passage of drugs, potentially effective in treating brain diseases, into the brain. Despite previous attempts, there is still an unmet need to develop novel approaches that will allow safe opening of the BBB for drug delivery. We have recently shown in experimental rodents and in a pilot human trial that low-frequency, high-amplitude repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows the delivery of peripherally injected fluorescent and Gd-based tracers into the brain. The goals of this study were to characterize the duration and safety level of rTMS-induced BBB opening and test its capacity to enhance the delivery of the antitumor growth agent, insulin-like growth factor trap, across the BBB. We employed direct vascular and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as electrocorticography recordings, to assess the impact of rTMS on brain vascular permeability and electrical activity, respectively. Our findings indicate that rTMS induces a transient and safe BBB opening with a potential to facilitate drug delivery into the brain.
Collapse
|
30
|
Focused ultrasound for opening blood-brain barrier and drug delivery monitored with positron emission tomography. J Control Release 2020; 324:303-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Chen KT, Lin YJ, Chai WY, Lin CJ, Chen PY, Huang CY, Kuo JS, Liu HL, Wei KC. Neuronavigation-guided focused ultrasound (NaviFUS) for transcranial blood-brain barrier opening in recurrent glioblastoma patients: clinical trial protocol. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:673. [PMID: 32617293 PMCID: PMC7327352 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits over 95% of drugs’ penetration into brain, which has been a major obstacle in treating patients with glioblastoma. Transient BBB opening in glioblastoma (GBM) is feasible by combining focused ultrasound (FUS) with systemic infusion of microbubbles (MB). NaviFUS, a novel device that integrates neuronavigation and FUS-MB system, is able to intraoperatively direct the ultrasound energy precisely and repeatedly at targeted CNS areas. This clinical trial evaluates the safety and feasibility of NaviFUS in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Methods The study is a first-in-human, prospective, open-label, single-center, single-arm, dose escalation phase 1 clinical trial. A total of 6 patients will be enrolled. Patients will be enrolled into three groups, each group receiving an escalating dose of FUS energy (acoustic power is 4, 8, and 12 W) with concomitant systemic microbubbles (0.1 mL/kg) applied 1 week before surgical resection. Results Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI will be obtained immediately and 24 hours after FUS procedures, while heavily T2-weighted sequence will be obtained to evaluate for any micro-hemorrhages. We anticipate that there will be minimal side effects associated with NaviFUS-mediated transient BBB opening. Conclusions Obtained results will support a planned phase 2 trial to evaluate whether NaviFUS can effectively enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and improve tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taipei.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taipei
| | - Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taipei
| | - Wen-Yen Chai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Linkou, Taipei
| | - Chia-Jung Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taipei
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, New Taipei
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taipei
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taipei.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taipei
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taipei.,School of medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taipei
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Legon W, Adams S, Bansal P, Patel PD, Hobbs L, Ai L, Mueller JK, Meekins G, Gillick BT. A retrospective qualitative report of symptoms and safety from transcranial focused ultrasound for neuromodulation in humans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5573. [PMID: 32221350 PMCID: PMC7101402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (LIFU) is a promising method of non-invasive neuromodulation that uses mechanical energy to affect neuronal excitability. LIFU confers high spatial resolution and adjustable focal lengths for precise neuromodulation of discrete regions in the human brain. Before the full potential of low intensity ultrasound for research and clinical application can be investigated, data on the safety of this technique is indicated. Here, we provide an evaluation of the safety of LIFU for human neuromodulation through participant report and neurological assessment with a comparison of symptomology to other forms of non-invasive brain stimulation. Participants (N = 120) that were enrolled in one of seven human ultrasound neuromodulation studies in one laboratory at the University of Minnesota (2015–2017) were queried to complete a follow-up Participant Report of Symptoms questionnaire assessing their self-reported experience and tolerance to participation in LIFU research (Isppa 11.56–17.12 W/cm2) and the perceived relation of symptoms to LIFU. A total of 64/120 participant (53%) responded to follow-up requests to complete the Participant Report of Symptoms questionnaire. None of the participants experienced serious adverse effects. From the post-hoc assessment of safety using the questionnaire, 7/64 reported mild to moderate symptoms, that were perceived as ‘possibly’ or ‘probably’ related to participation in LIFU experiments. These reports included neck pain, problems with attention, muscle twitches and anxiety. The most common unrelated symptoms included sleepiness and neck pain. There were initial transient reports of mild neck pain, scalp tingling and headache that were extinguished upon follow-up. No new symptoms were reported upon follow up out to 1 month. The profile and incidence of symptoms looks to be similar to other forms of non-invasive brain stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wynn Legon
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, Charlottesville, USA.
| | - Sarah Adams
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Priya Bansal
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Parantap D Patel
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Landon Hobbs
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Leo Ai
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jerel K Mueller
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Gregg Meekins
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Bernadette T Gillick
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tharkar P, Varanasi R, Wong WSF, Jin CT, Chrzanowski W. Nano-Enhanced Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Ultrasound for Cancer Treatment and Beyond. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:324. [PMID: 31824930 PMCID: PMC6883936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While ultrasound is most widely known for its use in diagnostic imaging, the energy carried by ultrasound waves can be utilized to influence cell function and drug delivery. Consequently, our ability to use ultrasound energy at a given intensity unlocks the opportunity to use the ultrasound for therapeutic applications. Indeed, in the last decade ultrasound-based therapies have emerged with promising treatment modalities for several medical conditions. More recently, ultrasound in combination with nanomedicines, i.e., nanoparticles, has been shown to have substantial potential to enhance the efficacy of many treatments including cancer, Alzheimer disease or osteoarthritis. The concept of ultrasound combined with drug delivery is still in its infancy and more research is needed to unfold the mechanisms and interactions of ultrasound with different nanoparticles types and with various cell types. Here we present the state-of-art in ultrasound and ultrasound-assisted drug delivery with a particular focus on cancer treatments. Notably, this review discusses the application of high intensity focus ultrasound for non-invasive tumor ablation and immunomodulatory effects of ultrasound, as well as the efficacy of nanoparticle-enhanced ultrasound therapies for different medical conditions. Furthermore, this review presents safety considerations related to ultrasound technology and gives recommendations in the context of system design and operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Tharkar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramya Varanasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Wu Shun Felix Wong
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig T Jin
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Localized delivery of compounds into articular cartilage by using high-intensity focused ultrasound. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15937. [PMID: 31685841 PMCID: PMC6828772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized delivery of drugs into an osteoarthritic cartilaginous lesion does not yet exist, which limits pharmaceutical management of osteoarthritis (OA). High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) provides a means to actuate matter from a distance in a non-destructive way. In this study, we aimed to deliver methylene blue locally into bovine articular cartilage in vitro. HIFU-treated samples (n = 10) were immersed in a methylene blue (MB) solution during sonication (f = 2.16 MHz, peak-positive-pressure = 3.5 MPa, mechanical index = 1.8, pulse repetition frequency = 3.0 kHz, cycles per burst: 50, duty cycle: 7%). Adjacent control 1 tissue (n = 10) was first pre-treated with HIFU followed by immersion into MB; adjacent control 2 tissue (n = 10) was immersed in MB without ultrasound exposure. The MB content was higher (p < 0.05) in HIFU-treated samples all the way to a depth of 600 µm from AC surface when compared to controls. Chondrocyte viability and RNA expression levels associated with cartilage degeneration were not different in HIFU-treated samples when compared to controls (p > 0.05). To conclude, HIFU delivers molecules into articular cartilage without major short-term concerns about safety. The method is a candidate for a future approach for managing OA.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sellers DL, Tan JKY, Pineda JMB, Peeler DJ, Porubsky VL, Olden BR, Salipante SJ, Pun SH. Targeting Ligands Deliver Model Drug Cargo into the Central Nervous System along Autonomic Neurons. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10961-10971. [PMID: 31589023 PMCID: PMC7651855 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While biologic drugs such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids have shown promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) severely limits drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic administration. Consequently, drug delivery challenges preclude biological drug candidates from the clinical armamentarium. In order to target drug delivery and uptake into to the CNS, we used an in vivo phage display screen to identify peptides able to target drug-uptake by the vast array of neurons of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Using next-generation sequencing, we identified 21 candidate targeted ANS-to-CNS uptake ligands (TACL) that enriched bacteriophage accumulation and delivered protein-cargo into the CNS after intraperitoneal (IP) administration. The series of TACL peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to deliver a model enzyme (NeutrAvidin-horseradish peroxidase fusion) to the brain and spinal cord. Three TACL-peptides facilitated significant active enzyme delivery into the CNS, with limited accumulation in off-target organs. Peptide structure and serum stability is increased when internal cysteine residues are cyclized by perfluoroarylation with decafluorobiphenyl, which increased delivery to the CNS further. TACL-peptide was demonstrated to localize in parasympathetic ganglia neurons in addition to neuronal structures in the hindbrain and spinal cord. By targeting uptake into ANS neurons, we demonstrate the potential for TACL-peptides to bypass the blood-brain barrier and deliver a model drug into the brain and spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew L. Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - James-Kevin Y. Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Julio Marco B. Pineda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - David J. Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Veronica L. Porubsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Brynn R. Olden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Harary M, Segar DJ, Huang KT, Tafel IJ, Valdes PA, Cosgrove GR. Focused ultrasound in neurosurgery: a historical perspective. Neurosurg Focus 2019; 44:E2. [PMID: 29385919 DOI: 10.3171/2017.11.focus17586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has been under investigation for neurosurgical applications since the 1940s. Early experiments demonstrated ultrasound as an effective tool for the creation of intracranial lesions; however, they were limited by the need for craniotomy to avoid trajectory damage and wave distortion by the skull, and they also lacked effective techniques for monitoring. Since then, the development and hemispheric distribution of phased arrays has resolved the issue of the skull and allowed for a completely transcranial procedure. Similarly, advances in MR technology have allowed for the real-time guidance of FUS procedures using MR thermometry. MR-guided FUS (MRgFUS) has primarily been investigated for its thermal lesioning capabilities and was recently approved for use in essential tremor. In this capacity, the use of MRgFUS is being investigated for other ablative indications in functional neurosurgery and neurooncology. Other applications of MRgFUS that are under active investigation include opening of the blood-brain barrier to facilitate delivery of therapeutic agents, neuromodulation, and thrombolysis. These recent advances suggest a promising future for MRgFUS as a viable and noninvasive neurosurgical tool, with strong potential for yet-unrealized applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Harary
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Segar
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin T Huang
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian J Tafel
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pablo A Valdes
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G Rees Cosgrove
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Devarakonda SB, Myers MR, Banerjee RK. Comparison of Heat Transfer Enhancement Between Magnetic and Gold Nanoparticles During HIFU Sonication. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2681004. [PMID: 30003252 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long procedure times and collateral damage remain challenges in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) medical procedures. Magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) and gold nanoparticles (gNPs) have the potential to reduce the acoustic intensity and/or exposure time required in these procedures. In this research, we investigated relative advantages of using gNPs and mNPs during HIFU thermal-ablation procedures. Tissue-mimicking phantoms containing embedded thermocouples (TCs) and physiologically acceptable concentrations (0.0625% and 0.125%) of gNPs were sonicated at acoustic powers of 5.2 W, 9.2 W, and 14.5 W, for 30 s. It was observed that when the concentration of gNPs was doubled from 0.0625% to 0.125%, the temperature rise increased by 80% for a power of 5.2 W. For a fixed concentration (0.0625%), the energy absorption was 1.7 times greater for mNPs than gNPs for a power of 5.2 W. Also, for the power of 14.5 W, the sonication time required to generate a lesion volume of 50 mm3 decreased by 1.4 times using mNPs, compared with gNPs, at a concentration of 0.0625%. We conclude that mNPs are more likely than gNPs to produce a thermal enhancement in HIFU ablation procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Devarakonda
- Department of Mechanical, Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Matthew R Myers
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Rupak K Banerjee
- Fellow ASME Department of Mechanical, Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 593 Rhodes Hall, ML 0072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Foffani G, Trigo‐Damas I, Pineda‐Pardo JA, Blesa J, Rodríguez‐Rojas R, Martínez‐Fernández R, Obeso JA. Focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease: A twofold path toward disease modification. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1262-1273. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Foffani
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos Toledo Spain
| | - Inés Trigo‐Damas
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Pineda‐Pardo
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez‐Rojas
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Raul Martínez‐Fernández
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Obeso
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Focused Ultrasonography-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in the Enhancement of Delivery of Brain Tumor Therapies. World Neurosurg 2019; 131:65-75. [PMID: 31323404 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults and carries a poor prognosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment figures prominently in the management of primary and recurrent disease. However, the blood-brain barrier presents a significant and formidable impediment to the entry of oncotherapeutic compounds to target tumor tissue. Several strategies have been developed to effect disruption of the blood-brain barrier and in turn enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy, as well as newly developed biologic agents. Focused ultrasonography is one such treatment modality, using acoustic cavitation of parenterally administered microbubbles to mechanically effect disruption of the vascular endothelium. We review and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the biophysical basis for, and efficacy of, focused ultrasonography in the enhancement of oncotherapeutic agent delivery. Further, we provide some perspectives regarding future directions for the role of focused ultrasound in facilitating and improving the safe and effective delivery of oncotherapeutic agents in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abdul Razzak R, Florence GJ, Gunn-Moore FJ. Approaches to CNS Drug Delivery with a Focus on Transporter-Mediated Transcytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3108. [PMID: 31242683 PMCID: PMC6627589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) conferred by brain barriers is a major obstacle in the development of effective neurotherapeutics. In this review, a classification of current approaches of clinical or investigational importance for the delivery of therapeutics to the CNS is presented. This classification includes the use of formulations administered systemically that can elicit transcytosis-mediated transport by interacting with transporters expressed by transvascular endothelial cells. Neurotherapeutics can also be delivered to the CNS by means of surgical intervention using specialized catheters or implantable reservoirs. Strategies for delivering drugs to the CNS have evolved tremendously during the last two decades, yet, some factors can affect the quality of data generated in preclinical investigation, which can hamper the extension of the applications of these strategies into clinically useful tools. Here, we disclose some of these factors and propose some solutions that may prove valuable at bridging the gap between preclinical findings and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdul Razzak
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
- Biomedical Science Research Centre, Schools of Chemistry and Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Gordon J Florence
- Biomedical Science Research Centre, Schools of Chemistry and Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Frank J Gunn-Moore
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
- Biomedical Science Research Centre, Schools of Chemistry and Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu S, Yu X, Li R, Zong Y, Wan M. Passive cavitation mapping using dual apodization with cross-correlation in ultrasound therapy monitoring. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 54:18-31. [PMID: 30827905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, passive acoustic mapping (PAM) has been successfully applied for dynamic monitoring of ultrasound therapy by beamforming acoustic emissions of cavitation activity during ultrasound exposure. The most widely used PAM algorithm in the literature is time exposure acoustics (TEA), which is a standard delay, sum, and integrate algorithm. However, it results in large point spread function (PSF) and serious imaging artifacts for the case where a narrow-aperture receiving array such as a standard B-mode linear array is used, therefore degrading the quality of cavitation image. To address these challenges, in this paper, we proposed a novel PAM algorithm namely dual apodization with cross-correlation (DAX)-based TEA, in which DAX was originally used as a reconstruction algorithm in medical ultrasound imaging. In the proposed algorithm, two sets of signals were beamformed by two receive apodization functions with alternating elements enabled, and the cross-correlation coefficient of the two signals served as a weighting factor that would be multiplied to the sum of the two signals. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on simulated channel data obtained using a multi-bubble model, and experiments were also performed in an in vitro vessel phantom with flowing microbubbles as cavitation nuclei. The reconstructed cavitation images were evaluated quantitatively using established quality metrics including full width at half maximum (FWHM), A-6dB area, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results suggested that the proposed algorithm significantly outperformed the conventionally used TEA algorithm. This work may have the potential of providing a useful tool for highly accurate localization of cavitation activity during ultrasound therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukuan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xianbo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Renyan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yujin Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Mingxi Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Blum NT, Yildirim A, Gyorkos C, Shi D, Cai A, Chattaraj R, Goodwin AP. Temperature-Responsive Hydrophobic Silica Nanoparticle Ultrasound Contrast Agents Directed by Phospholipid Phase Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15233-15240. [PMID: 31012297 PMCID: PMC6702127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report ultrasonically active nanoscale contrast agents that behave as thermometric sensors through phase change in their stabilizing phospholipid monolayer. Phospholipid-stabilized, hydrophobic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (P@hMSNs) are known to interact with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to promote cavitation at their surfaces, which can be used for both imaging and therapy. We show that the lateral lipid phase behavior of the phosphocholine lipid dictates the acoustic contrast of the P@hMSNs. When the lipids are in the gel phase below their melting temperature, the P@hMSNs generate detectable microbubbles when exposed to HIFU. However, if the lipids exhibit a liquid expanded phase, the P@hMSNs cease to generate bubbles in response to HIFU insonation. We verify that the heating and subsequent transition of lipid coating the hMSN are associated with the loss of acoustic response by doping laurdan dye into the lipid monolayer and imaging lipid phase through red shifts in emission spectra. Similarly, cessation of cavitation was also induced by adding a fluidizing surfactant such as Triton X, which could be reversed upon washing away the excess surfactant. Finally, by controlling for the partial fluidization caused by the adsorption of protein, P@hMSNs may be used as thermometric sensors of the bulk fluid temperature. These findings not only impact the utilization of nanoscale agents as stimulus-responsive ultrasound contrast agents but also have broader implications for how cavitation may be initiated at surfaces coated by a surfactant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T. Blum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Adem Yildirim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Ciara Gyorkos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Dennis Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Angela Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
- Corresponding Author
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Quantitative Phenotyping of Cell-Cell Junctions to Evaluate ZO-1 Presentation in Brain Endothelial Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1675-1687. [PMID: 30993538 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is controlled by tight junction-expressing brain endothelial cells. The integrity of these junctional proteins, which anchor to actin via zonula occludens (e.g., ZO-1), plays a vital role in barrier function. While disrupted junctions are linked with several neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms underlying disruption are not fully understood. This is largely due to the lack of appropriate models and efficient techniques to quantify edge-localized protein. Here, we developed a novel junction analyzer program (JAnaP) to semi-automate the quantification of junctional protein presentation. Because significant evidence suggests a link between myosin-II mediated contractility and endothelial barrier properties, we used the JAnaP to investigate how biochemical and physical cues associated with altered contractility influence ZO-1 presentation in brain endothelial cells. Treatment with contractility-decreasing agents increased continuous ZO-1 presentation; however, this increase was greatest on soft gels of brain-relevant stiffness, suggesting improved barrier maturation. This effect was reversed by biochemically inhibiting protein phosphatases to increase cell contractility on soft substrates. These results promote the use of brain-mimetic substrate stiffness in BBB model design and motivates the use of this novel JAnaP to provide insight into the role of junctional protein presentation in BBB physiology and pathologies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jones RM, Hynynen K. Advances in acoustic monitoring and control of focused ultrasound-mediated increases in blood-brain barrier permeability. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180601. [PMID: 30507302 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with intravenously circulating microbubbles can transiently and selectively increase blood-brain barrier permeability to enable targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system, and is a technique that has the potential to revolutionize the way neurological diseases are managed in medical practice. Clinical testing of this approach is currently underway in patients with brain tumors, early Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A major challenge that needs to be addressed in order for widespread clinical adoption of FUS-mediated blood-brain barrier permeabilization to occur is the development of systems and methods for real-time treatment monitoring and control, to ensure that safe and effective acoustic exposure levels are maintained throughout the procedures. This review gives a basic overview of the oscillation dynamics, acoustic emissions, and biological effects associated with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles in vivo, and provides a summary of recent advances in acoustic-based strategies for detecting, controlling, and mapping microbubble activity in the brain. Further development of next-generation clinical FUS brain devices tailored towards microbubble-mediated applications is warranted and required for translation of this potentially disruptive technology into routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Jones
- 1 Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- 1 Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada.,2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,3 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
McMahon D, Poon C, Hynynen K. Evaluating the safety profile of focused ultrasound and microbubble-mediated treatments to increase blood-brain barrier permeability. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:129-142. [PMID: 30628455 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1567490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of several diseases of the brain are complicated by the presence of the skull and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubble (MB)-mediated BBB treatment is a minimally invasive method to transiently increase the permeability of blood vessels in targeted brain areas. It can be used as a general delivery system to increase the concentration of therapeutic agents in the brain parenchyma. AREAS COVERED Over the past two decades, the safety of using FUS+MBs to deliver agents across the BBB has been interrogated through various methods of imaging, histology, biochemical assays, and behavior analyses. Here we provide an overview of the factors that affect the safety profile of these treatments, describe methods by which FUS+MB treatments are controlled, and discuss data that have informed the assessment of treatment risks. EXPERT OPINION There remains a need to assess the risks associated with clinically relevant treatment strategies, specifically repeated FUS+MB treatments, with and without therapeutic agent delivery. Additionally, efforts to develop metrics by which FUS+MB treatments can be easily compared across studies would facilitate a more rapid consensus on the risks associated with this intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallan McMahon
- a Physical Sciences Platform , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Charissa Poon
- a Physical Sciences Platform , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,c Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- a Physical Sciences Platform , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,c Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chuntova P, Downey KM, Hegde B, Almeida ND, Okada H. Genetically Engineered T-Cells for Malignant Glioma: Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3062. [PMID: 30740109 PMCID: PMC6357938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas carry a dismal prognosis. Conventional treatment using chemo- and radiotherapy has limited efficacy with adverse events. Therapy with genetically engineered T-cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, may represent a promising approach to improve patient outcomes owing to their potential ability to attack highly infiltrative tumors in a tumor-specific manner and possible persistence of the adaptive immune response. However, the unique anatomical features of the brain and susceptibility of this organ to irreversible tissue damage have made immunotherapy especially challenging in the setting of glioma. With safety concerns in mind, multiple teams have initiated clinical trials using CAR T-cells in glioma patients. The valuable lessons learnt from those trials highlight critical areas for further improvement: tackling the issues of the antigen presentation and T-cell homing in the brain, immunosuppression in the glioma microenvironment, antigen heterogeneity and off-tumor toxicity, and the adaptation of existing clinical therapies to reflect the intricacies of immune response in the brain. This review summarizes the up-to-date clinical outcomes of CAR T-cell clinical trials in glioma patients and examines the most pressing hurdles limiting the efficacy of these therapies. Furthermore, this review uses these hurdles as a framework upon which to evaluate cutting-edge pre-clinical strategies aiming to overcome those barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Chuntova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kira M Downey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bindu Hegde
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Neil D Almeida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Cancer Immunotherapy Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Image-Guided Drug Delivery. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
48
|
Abstract
Despite an overall improvement in survival rates for cancer, certain resistant forms of the disease still impose a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. Standard chemotherapy in these cases is often ineffective and/or gives rise to severe side effects. Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics could improve both tumour response and patient experience. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop effective methods for this. Ultrasound is an established technique in both diagnosis and therapy. Its use in conjunction with microbubbles is being actively researched for the targeted delivery of small-molecule drugs. In this review, we cover the methods by which ultrasound and microbubbles can be used to overcome tumour barriers to cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
49
|
Poovaiah N, Davoudi Z, Peng H, Schlichtmann B, Mallapragada S, Narasimhan B, Wang Q. Treatment of neurodegenerative disorders through the blood-brain barrier using nanocarriers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16962-16983. [PMID: 30182106 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases refer to disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) that are caused by neuronal degradations, dysfunctions, or death. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease (APHD) are regarded as the three major neurodegenerative diseases. There is a vast body of literature on the causes and treatments of these neurodegenerative diseases. However, the main obstacle in developing an effective treatment strategy is the permeability of the treatment components at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several strategies have been developed to improve this obstruction. For example, nanomaterials facilitate drug delivery to the BBB due to their size. They have been used widely in nanomedicine and as nanoprobes for diagnosis purposes among others in neuroscience. Nanomaterials in different forms, such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), and liposomes, have been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This review will cover the basic concepts and applications of nanomaterials in the therapy of APHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Poovaiah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Meng Y, Suppiah S, Surendrakumar S, Bigioni L, Lipsman N. Low-Intensity MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Mediated Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier for Intracranial Metastatic Diseases. Front Oncol 2018; 8:338. [PMID: 30211117 PMCID: PMC6121246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity MR-guided focused ultrasound in combination with intravenously injected microbubbles is a promising platform for drug delivery to the central nervous system past the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a key bottleneck for cancer therapeutics via limited inter- and intracellular transport. Further, drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier when delivered in a spatially nonspecific way, result in adverse effects on normal brain tissue, or at high concentrations, result in increasing risks to peripheral organs. As such, various anti-cancer drugs that have been developed or to be developed in the future would benefit from a noninvasive, temporary, and repeatable method of targeted opening of the blood-brain barrier to treat metastatic brain diseases. MR-guided focused ultrasound is a potential solution to these design requirements. The safety, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of MRgFUS aided delivery have been demonstrated in various animal models. In this review, we discuss this preclinical evidence, mechanisms of focused ultrasound mediated blood-brain barrier opening, and translational efforts to neuro-oncology patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suganth Suppiah
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shanan Surendrakumar
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luca Bigioni
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|