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Mishra S, Garg P, Srivastava S, Srivastava P. Br - nanoconjugate enhances the antibacterial efficacy of nimboloide against Flavobacterium columnare infection in Labeo rohita: A nanoinformatics approach. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106575. [PMID: 38423405 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in Labeo rohita globally. Major effects of this bacterial infection include skin rashes and gill necrosis. Nimbolide, the key ingredient of the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica possesses anti-bacterial properties effective against many microorganisms. Nano-informatics plays a promising role in drug development and its delivery against infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Currently, studies in the disciplines of dentistry, food safety, bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology are being conducted to learn more about the wide anti-virulence activity of nimbolide. METHODS The toxicity of nimbolide was predicted to determine its dosage for treating bacterial infection in Labeo rohita. Further, comparative 3-D structure prediction and docking studies are done for nimbolide conjugated nanoparticles with several key target receptors to determine better natural ligands against columnaris disease. The nanoparticle conjugates are being designed using in-silico approaches to study molecular docking interactions with the target receptor. RESULTS Bromine conjugated nimbolide shows the best molecular interaction with the target receptors of selected species ie L rohita. Nimbolide comes under the class III level of toxic compound so, attempts are made to reduce the dosage of the compound without compromising its efficiency. Further, bromine is also used as a common surfactant and can eliminate heavy metals from wastewater. CONCLUSION The dosage of bromine-conjugated nimbolide can be reduced to a non-toxic level and thus the efficiency of the Nimbolide can be increased. Moreover, it can be used to synthesize nanoparticle composites which have potent antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This material also forms a good coating on the surface and kills both airborne and waterborne bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
| | - Prekshi Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
| | - Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India.
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Han R, Hong Y, Xu R, Guo W, Zhang M, Lu Z, Han Q, Mo Z, Dan X, Li Y. Genomic evidence of genetic diversity and functional evolution in Flavobacterium columnare. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1240471. [PMID: 37840739 PMCID: PMC10568018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish. Columnaris disease can cause heavy economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize this pathogen. F. columnare isolate AH-01 had a circular chromosome and plasmid that encoded a total of 3,022 genes. Isolate GX-01 only had a circular chromosome and encoded 2,965 genes. Genomic islands, prophage regions, and CRISPR/Cas systems were identified in both genomes. Both genomes presented evidence of gene variation and horizontal transfer, both of which are the essential components of genetic diversity, genome plasticity, and functional evolution. Single-gene phylogeny and comparative genome analyses were performed to investigate the variation and evolution of this pathogen. Genetic analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene sequences significantly clustered 55 F. columnare isolates into four clades. The intragroup identity of the 16S rRNA gene exceeded 99%, while the intergroup identity was below the species delineation threshold. We discovered significant translocation, inversion, and rearrangement events that influenced local synteny within each group. Notably, the observed alignments varied considerably among all the studied groups. The core genomes of all strains with available sequences comprised 747 genes, corresponding to approximately 25% of the genome. Core genome multilocus sequence typing, genome-wide orthology and phylogenetic analyses, and average nucleotide identity suggested that the currently existing F. columnare was an assemblage of several distinct species, with levels of divergence at least equivalent to those between recognized bacterial species. The present investigation provided genomic evidence of gene variation and horizontal transfer, which were the basis of genetic diversity, genome plasticity, and functional evolution. The findings supported a proposed new taxonomic perspective on F. columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Hong
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Xu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zequan Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueming Dan
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Tuttle JT, Bruce TJ, Butts IAE, Roy LA, Abdelrahman HA, Beck BH, Kelly AM. Investigating the Ability of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae to Persist within Commercial Catfish Pond Sediments under Laboratory Conditions. Pathogens 2023; 12:871. [PMID: 37513718 PMCID: PMC10385248 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two prevalent bacterial diseases in catfish aquaculture are enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris disease caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae, respectively. Chronic and recurring outbreaks of these bacterial pathogens result in significant economic losses for producers annually. Determining if these pathogens can persist within sediments of commercial ponds is paramount. Experimental persistence trials (PT) were conducted to evaluate the persistence of E. ictaluri and F. covae in pond sediments. Twelve test chambers containing 120 g of sterilized sediment from four commercial catfish ponds were inoculated with either E. ictaluri (S97-773) or F. covae (ALG-00-530) and filled with 8 L of disinfected water. At 1, 2, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 15-days post-inoculation, 1 g of sediment was removed, and colony-forming units (CFU) were enumerated on selective media using 6 × 6 drop plate methods. E. ictaluri population peaked on Day 3 at 6.4 ± 0.5 log10 CFU g-1. Correlation analysis revealed no correlation between the sediment physicochemical parameters and E. ictaluri log10 CFU g-1. However, no viable F. covae colonies were recovered after two PT attempts. Future studies to improve understanding of E. ictaluri pathogenesis and persistence, and potential F. covae persistence in pond bottom sediments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tuttle
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ian A E Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Luke A Roy
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Kim J, Cha IT, Lee KE, Son YK, Yu J, Seol D. Characteristics and adaptability of Flavobacterium panici BSSL-CR3 in tidal flat revealed by comparative genomic and enzymatic analysis. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:22. [PMID: 36495352 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tidal flat microbes play an important ecological role by removing organic pollutants and providing an energy source. However, bacteria isolated from tidal flats and their genomes have been scarcely reported, making it difficult to elucidate which genes and pathways are potentially involved in the above roles. In this study, strain BSSL-CR3, the third reported species among the tidal flat Flavobacterium was analyzed using whole-genome sequencing to investigate its adaptability and functionality in tidal flats. BSSL-CR3 is comprised of a circular chromosome of 5,972,859 bp with a GC content of 33.84%. Genome annotation and API ZYM results showed that BSSL-CR3 has a variety of secondary metabolic gene clusters and enzyme activities including α-galactosidase. BSSL-CR3 had more proteins with a low isoelectric point (pI) than terrestrial Flavobacterium strains, and several genes related to osmotic regulation were found in the genomic island (GI). Comparative genomic analysis with other tidal flat bacteria also revealed that BSSL-CR3 had the largest number of genes encoding Carbohydrate Active EnZymes (CAZymes) which are related to algae degradation. This study will provide insight into the adaptability of BSSL-CR3 to the tidal flats and contribute to facilitating future comparative analysis of bacteria in tidal flats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Tae Cha
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Lee
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Yu
- eGnome, Inc., 26 Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghyeok Seol
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
"The piscine respiratory system is represented by gills. Gill diseases are extremely common and may be caused by a large variety of etiologic agents. The gills are in direct contact with water and reflect its quality, for example, pollution, and they also must face the presence of biotic agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Evolution has established many defense mechanisms to combat these agents. Failure of these mechanisms is life-threatening for the fish, due to impaired respiration. Gills are relatively easily accessible for clinical examination and sampling, which facilitates intravital diagnosis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Novotny
- Finn Pathologists, CVS Group plc, Norfolk, UK; Novopath Ltd, Ceperka, Czech Republic.
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Zhang XT, Yu YY, Xu HY, Huang ZY, Liu X, Cao JF, Meng KF, Wu ZB, Han GK, Zhan MT, Ding LG, Kong WG, Li N, Takizawa F, Sunyer JO, Xu Z. Prevailing Role of Mucosal Igs and B Cells in Teleost Skin Immune Responses to Bacterial Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1088-1101. [PMID: 33495235 PMCID: PMC11152320 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that of teleost fish lacks keratinization and has evolved to operate as a mucosal surface containing a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing the prevalent Ig in SALT have only been reported upon infection with a parasite. However, very little is known about the types of B cells and Igs responding to bacterial infection in the teleost skin mucosa, as well as the inductive or effector role of the SALT in such responses. To address these questions, in this study, we analyzed the immune response of trout skin upon infection with one of the most widespread fish skin bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare This pathogen induced strong skin innate immune and inflammatory responses at the initial phases of infection. More critically, we found that the skin mucus of fish having survived the infection contained significant IgT- but not IgM- or IgD-specific titers against the bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate the local proliferation and production of IgT+ B cells and specific IgT titers, respectively, within the SALT upon bacterial infection. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration that IgT is the main Ig isotype induced by the skin mucosa upon bacterial infection and that, because of the large surface of the skin, its SALT probably represents a prominent IgT-inductive site in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao-Yue Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Feng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kai-Feng Meng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng-Ben Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Kun Han
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Guo Ding
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Guang Kong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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7
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Declercq AM, Tilleman L, Gansemans Y, De Witte C, Haesebrouck F, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Smet A, Decostere A. Comparative genomics of Flavobacterium columnare unveils novel insights in virulence and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Vet Res 2021; 52:18. [PMID: 33579339 PMCID: PMC7881675 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the comparative analyses of four Flavobacterium columnare isolates that have different virulence and antimicrobial resistance patterns. The main research goal was to reveal new insights into possible virulence genes by comparing the genomes of bacterial isolates that could induce tissue damage and mortality versus the genome of a non-virulent isolate. The results indicated that only the genomes of the virulent isolates possessed unique genes encoding amongst others a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein possibly involved in the initial colonization of tissue, and several VgrG proteins engaged in interbacterial competition. Furthermore, comparisons of genes unique for the genomes of the highly virulent (HV) carp and trout isolates versus the, respectively, low and non-virulent carp and trout isolates were performed. An important part of the identified unique virulence genes of the HV-trout isolate was located in one particular gene region identified as a genomic island. This region contained araC and nodT genes, both linked to pathogenic and multidrug-resistance, and a luxR-gene, functional in bacterial cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, the genome of the HV-trout isolate possessed unique sugar-transferases possibly important in bacterial adhesion. The second research goal was to obtain insights into the genetic basis of acquired antimicrobial resistance. Several point-mutations were discovered in gyrase-genes of an isolate showing phenotypic resistance towards first and second-generation quinolones, which were absent in isolates susceptible to quinolones. Tetracycline-resistance gene tetA was found in an isolate displaying acquired phenotypic resistance towards oxytetracycline. Although not localized on a prophage, several flanking genes were indicative of the gene’s mobile character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Maria Declercq
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Flanders Marine Institute, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Ostend, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yannick Gansemans
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Stressmann FA, Bernal-Bayard J, Perez-Pascual D, Audrain B, Rendueles O, Briolat V, Bruchmann S, Volant S, Ghozlane A, Häussler S, Duchaud E, Levraud JP, Ghigo JM. Mining zebrafish microbiota reveals key community-level resistance against fish pathogen infection. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:702-719. [PMID: 33077888 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-known resistance to pathogens provided by host-associated microbiota fostered the notion that adding protective bacteria could prevent or attenuate infection. However, the identification of endogenous or exogenous bacteria conferring such protection is often hindered by the complexity of host microbial communities. Here, we used zebrafish and the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare as a model system to study the determinants of microbiota-associated colonization resistance. We compared infection susceptibility in germ-free, conventional and reconventionalized larvae and showed that a consortium of 10 culturable bacterial species are sufficient to protect zebrafish. Whereas survival to F. columnare infection does not rely on host innate immunity, we used antibiotic dysbiosis to alter zebrafish microbiota composition, leading to the identification of two different protection strategies. We first identified that the bacterium Chryseobacterium massiliae individually protects both larvae and adult zebrafish. We also showed that an assembly of 9 endogenous zebrafish species that do not otherwise protect individually confer a community-level resistance to infection. Our study therefore provides a rational approach to identify key endogenous protecting bacteria and promising candidates to engineer resilient microbial communities. It also shows how direct experimental analysis of colonization resistance in low-complexity in vivo models can reveal unsuspected ecological strategies at play in microbiota-based protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Stressmann
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.,Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joaquín Bernal-Bayard
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Perez-Pascual
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bianca Audrain
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Olaya Rendueles
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.,Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR3525, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Briolat
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738 CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Bruchmann
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Amine Ghozlane
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Duchaud
- Unité VIM, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738 CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.
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9
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li H. Genomic Prediction of Columnaris Disease Resistance in Catfish. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:145-151. [PMID: 31927643 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catfish is an important aquaculture species in the USA. Columnaris disease is distributed worldwide, affecting a wide variety of fish species including catfish . It leads to huge economic losses each year to the US catfish industry. Channel catfish in general is highly resistant to the disease, while blue catfish is highly susceptible. Genomic selection is an effective and accurate way to predict the breeding values and thus was expected to improve the prediction veracity of columnaris disease resistance in catfish effectively. In this study, two different methods, elastic net genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ENGBLUP) and genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), were used to predict the columnaris disease resistance evaluated by binary survival status. Cross-validation showed that the prediction accuracy of ENGBLUP and GBLUP was 0.7347 and 0.4868, respectively, showing that ENGBLUP had a high prediction accuracy. It was shown that fitting QTL and polygenic effect with different distribution will improve genomic prediction accuracy for binary traits. In this study, an accurate and effective genomic selection method was proposed to predict the columnaris resistance in catfish, and its application should be beneficial to catfish breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Hengde Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
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10
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Guo Q, Zheng H, Liu X, Chi S, Xu Z, Wang Q. Nutrient sensing signaling functions as the sensor and regulator of immunometabolic changes in grass carp during Flavobacteriumcolumnare infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:278-287. [PMID: 31349013 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to illustrate the immunometabolic changes of fish during bacterial infection, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) was injected with Flavobacteriumcolumnare(F.columnare) and then the immune response, nutrient metabolism and related signaling pathways were assayed from 6 h post injection (hpi) to 7 days post injection (dpi). After F.columnare injection, gill lamellae showed obvious fusion and higher mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 in the head kidney were also significantly upregulated at 6 hpi and 3 dpi. Moreover, the expression of IgZ in the gill was significantly upregulated at 3 dpi and 7 dpi, while the expression of IgM in the head kidney was significantly upregulated at 1 dpi and 3 dpi after F.columnare injection. During bacterial infection, the systematic nutrient metabolism was also significantly affected. Hepatic glycolysis, indicated by GK mRNA expression and PK activity, was significantly upregulated at 1 dpi, while glucogenesis, indicated by PEPCK mRNA expression and enzyme activity, was significantly increased at later time, which resulted in the decreased hepatic glycogen content at 1dpi but increased glycogen content at 7 dpi in the experimental group. LPL, which catalyzed the lipid catabolism, showed decreased mRNA expression and enzyme activity at 6 hpi, while ACC, which was rate-limiting of FA synthesis, was significantly increased at 6 hpi, 3 dpi and 7 dpi. During this process, the nutrient sensing signaling was also significantly affected. TOR signaling in grass carp was significantly activated while ERK signaling was significantly inhibited after F.columnare infection, both of which might function as the sensor and regulator of fish immunometabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Haiou Zheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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11
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Tan S, Wang W, Tian C, Niu D, Zhou T, Yang Y, Gao D, Liu Z. Post-transcriptional regulation through alternative splicing after infection with Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:188-193. [PMID: 31077849 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease has long been recognized as a serious problem worldwide which affects both wild and cultured freshwater fish including the commercially important channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The fundamental molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to the causative agent Flavobacterium columnare remain unclear, though gene expression analysis after the bacterial infection has been conducted. Alternative splicing, a post-transcriptional regulation process to modulate gene expression and increase the proteomic diversity, has not yet been studied in channel catfish following infection with F. columnare. In this study, genomic information and RNA-Seq datasets of channel catfish were used to characterize the changes of alternative splicing after the infection. Alternative splicing was shown to be induced by F. columnare infection, with 8.0% increase in alternative splicing event at early infection stage. Intriguingly, genes involved in RNA binding and RNA splicing themselves were significantly enriched in differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) gene sets after infection. This finding was consistent with our previous study in channel catfish following infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri. It was suggested to be a universal mechanism that genes involved in RNA binding and splicing were regulated to undergo differential alternative splicing after stresses in channel catfish. Moreover, many immune genes were observed to be differentially alternatively spliced after infection. Further studies need to be performed to get a deeper view of molecular regulation on alternative splicing after stresses, setting a foundation for developing catfish broodstocks with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxu Tan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Changxu Tian
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Donghong Niu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Dongya Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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12
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Declercq AM, Cai W, Naranjo E, Thongda W, Eeckhaut V, Bauwens E, Arias C, De La Fuente L, Beck BH, Lange MD, Peatman E, Haesebrouck F, Aerts J, Decostere A. Evidence that the stress hormone cortisol regulates biofilm formation differently among Flavobacterium columnare isolates. Vet Res 2019; 50:24. [PMID: 30971289 PMCID: PMC6458827 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of cortisol on Flavobacterium columnare biofilm formation was explored. Firstly, the dynamics of biofilm formation by one highly (HV) and one low virulent (LV) F. columnare isolate with and without the stress hormone cortisol under microfluidic flow conditions was characterized. This to confirm that F. columnare cells could form biofilm under cortisol supplementation, and to compare the temporal and structural differences between different treatment groups. One trial revealed that in both isolates cell aggregates resembling biofilms occurred within 7-h post-inoculation. Consequently, cell clusters were sloughed away, followed by a rebuilding of bacterial cell aggregates, suggestive for a high spreading capacity. While the HV isolate revealed cell aggregates formed upstream at all time-points, for the LV isolate this was only seen upon cortisol supplementation. Secondly, the transcriptional effect of genes (gldK, gldL, gldM, gldN, sprA, sprE, sprT, and porV) belonging to the Type IX secretion system involved in gliding motility was investigated in planktonic and biofilm cells of a HV and LV isolate to which no, a low (LD) or high (HD) dose of cortisol was added. Significantly lower expression of gliding genes gldK, gldL, gldM and gldN, and of protein secretion regulator porV was seen in the LV isolate planktonic cells supplemented with a HD-cortisol. The LV isolate biofilm cells treated with the HD-cortisol showed a significant upregulation of sprT, encoding mobile surface adhesion important in bacterial colonization. This is the first evidence for the co-regulatory effect of cortisol on biofilm formation and F. columnare gliding gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Maria Declercq
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. .,Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, 8400, Belgium.
| | - Wenlong Cai
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Eber Naranjo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Genetics and Genomics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Eva Bauwens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Covadonga Arias
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Leonardo De La Fuente
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Miles D Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Genetics and Genomics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, 8400, Belgium.,Stress Physiology Research Group, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, 8400, Belgium
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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13
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Fu S, Ni P, Wang Y, Jin S, Jiang Z, Ye S, Li R. Delineating the origins of the multidrug-resistant pathogens in ornamental fish farms by multilocus sequence typing and identification of a novel multidrug-resistant plasmid. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:551-562. [PMID: 30965017 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the overuse of antibiotics and to identify the origin of pathogens in the ornamental fish industry, we conducted a field investigation of three representative fish farms in Liaoning province, China. Drug-resistant pathogens in the fishponds and groundwater were isolated and subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In total, 33 pathogenic strains, including Aeromonas veronii and five other pathogens, were isolated from diseased fish and from groundwater. MLST revealed that A. veronii obtained from diseased fish in three fish farms can be subtyped into four sequence types, which were also identified in the corresponding groundwater. All of the isolates obtained from diseased fish showed resistance to at least four antibiotics. Notably, Citrobacter freundii JY-17 exhibited resistance to the majority of the antibiotics and was a carrier of a megaplasmid with 15 drug resistance genes. PCR assays targeting β-lactam, kanamycin, macrolide, phenicol, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes in the pathogens from the diseased fish and groundwater were also conducted. The results revealed strong correlations between antibiotic treatment and increased antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens. The results suggested that groundwater is the origin of the pathogens in ornamental fish. Antibiotic treatment of ornamental fish promoted the emergence of resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Fu
- a College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ni
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Jin
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shigen Ye
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Li
- b College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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14
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Bhattacharya M, Malick RC, Mondal N, Patra P, Pal BB, Patra BC, Kumar Das B. Computational characterization of epitopic region within the outer membrane protein candidate in Flavobacterium columnare for vaccine development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:450-459. [PMID: 30744535 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1580222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria is the main causative agents for columnaris disease outbreak to finfishes. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) candidate of Flavobacterium columnare bacterial cell served a critical component for cellular invasion targeted to the eukaryotic cell and survival inside the macrophages. Therefore, OMPs considered as the supreme element for the development of promising vaccine against F. columnare. Implies advanced in silico approaches, the predicted 3-D model of targeted OMPs were characterized by the Swiss model server and validated through Procheck programs and Protein Structure Analysis (ProSA) web server. The protein sequences having B-cell binding sites were preferred from sequence alignment; afterwards the B cell epitopes prediction was prepared using the BCPred and amino acid pairs (AAP) prediction algorithms modules of BCPreds. Consequently, the selected antigenic amino acids sequences (B-cell epitopic regions) were analyzed for T-cell epitopes determination (MHC I and MHC II alleles binding sequence) performing the ProPred 1 and ProPred server respectively. The epitopes (9 mer: IKKYEPAPV, YGPNYKWKF and YRGLNVGTS) within the OMPs binds to both of the MHC classes (MHC I and MHC II) and covered highest number of MHC alleles are characterized. OMPs of F. columnare being conserved across serotypes and highly immunogenic for their exposed epitopes on the cell surface as a potent candidate focus to vaccine development for combating the disease problems in commercial aquaculture. The portrayed epitopes might be beneficial for practical designing of abundant peptide-based vaccine development against the columnaris through boosting up the advantageous immune responses.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Malick
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,bMicrobiology Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, (ICMR), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Niladri Mondal
- cCentre For Aquaculture Research, Extension & Livelihood, Department of Aquaculture Management & Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Patra
- Centre For Aquaculture Research, Extension & Livelihood, Department of Aquaculture Management & Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Pal
- Microbiology Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, (ICMR), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Patra
- Centre For Aquaculture Research, Extension & Livelihood, Department of Aquaculture Management & Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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15
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Mwega E, Colquhoun DJ, Tuntufye H, Mdegela R, Mutoloki S, Evensen Ø, Wasteson Y. Isolation and Characterization of Flavobacteriaceae from Farmed and Wild Nile Tilapia in Tanzania. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:23-30. [PMID: 30291645 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the occurrence of Flavobacteriaceae in wild Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (n = 108) collected from Lake Victoria and farmed Nile Tilapia (n = 187) collected from 12 ponds in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. The size of the ponds surveyed ranged from 130 to 150 m2 . Pond parameters and fish morphometric data were recorded during sampling. In total, 67 Flavobacterium-like isolates (n = 44 from farmed fish; n = 23 from wild fish) were identified on the basis of colony morphology and biochemical tests. Sequences from the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene revealed that all 67 isolates belonged to the genera Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium. Based on 16S rRNA nucleotide identity, 26 isolates showed high similarity with C. indologenes (99-100% identity), 16 showed similarity to C. joostei (98-99.9%), and 17 were similar to diverse species of Chryseobacterium (97-99%). Three isolates were similar to F. aquatile and three were similar to F. indicum, with 99-100% nucleotide identity in both cases, and two isolates were similar to F. oryzae (99-100% identity). The findings obtained in this study provide a baseline for future studies and contribute to an understanding of the threats presented by the aquatic Flavobacteriaceae reservoir toward the development of healthy fish farming in Tanzania. Such knowledge is vital for the development of a sustainable aquaculture industry in Tanzania that will contribute to increased food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mwega
- College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Post Office Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Duncan J Colquhoun
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Post Office Box 750, Sentrum, N-0106, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huruma Tuntufye
- College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Post Office Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Robinson Mdegela
- College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Post Office Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 369, Sentrum, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 369, Sentrum, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 369, Sentrum, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Zhou T, Yuan Z, Tan S, Jin Y, Yang Y, Shi H, Wang W, Niu D, Gao L, Jiang W, Gao D, Liu Z. A Review of Molecular Responses of Catfish to Bacterial Diseases and Abiotic Stresses. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1113. [PMID: 30210354 PMCID: PMC6119772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Catfish is one of the major aquaculture species in the United States. However, the catfish industry is threatened by several bacterial diseases such as enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), columnaris disease and Aeromonas disease, as well as by abiotic stresses such as high temperature and low oxygen. Research has been conducted for several decades to understand the host responses to these diseases and abiotic stresses. With the development of sequencing technologies, and the application of genome-wide association studies in aquaculture species, significant progress has been made. This review article summarizes recent progress in understanding the molecular responses of catfish after bacterial infection and stress challenges, and in understanding of genomic and genetic basis for disease resistance and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Suxu Tan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yulin Jin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Huitong Shi
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Donghong Niu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Lei Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Wansheng Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Dongya Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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17
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García JC, LaFrentz BR, Waldbieser GC, Wong FS, Chang SF. Characterization of atypical Flavobacterium columnare and identification of a new genomovar. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1159-1164. [PMID: 29697149 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C García
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Auburn, AL, USA
| | - B R LaFrentz
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Auburn, AL, USA
| | - G C Waldbieser
- USDA-ARS, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - F S Wong
- MSD Animal Health, MSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - S F Chang
- MSD Animal Health, MSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd, Singapore City, Singapore
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Chen W, Huang Y, Yang L, Sarathbabu V, Wu Z, Li J, Nie P, Lin L. Complete genome sequence analysis of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare provides insights into antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity related genes. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Gieseker CM, Crosby TC, Woods LC. Provisional epidemiological cutoff values for standard broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Flavobacterium columnare. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:679-686. [PMID: 27717007 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The gliding aquatic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease, a common problem for wild and farmed freshwater fish worldwide. Recently, a broth microdilution method was standardized to test the susceptibility of F. columnare against antimicrobials commonly used in aquaculture. We used this new method to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ten antimicrobials against 120 F. columnare isolates. The resulting MIC frequency distributions for each antimicrobial (1 MIC/isolate) were used to estimate epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) which separate isolates with typical wild-type (WT) susceptibility from isolates with decreased non-wild-type (NWT) susceptibility. We identified 22 NWT isolates with elevated MICs relative to the ECV that covered 99.9% of the MIC distribution against one or more of the antimicrobials: ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, oxolinic acid or oxytetracycline. Ten of the NWT isolates had decreased susceptibility to a single antimicrobial class, six isolates to two antimicrobial classes and six isolates to three or more antimicrobial classes. The MIC frequency distributions and provisional cut-off values provide data needed to set epidemiological cut-off values to monitor for the development of antimicrobial resistance among F. columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Gieseker
- Food and Drug Administration, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - T C Crosby
- Food and Drug Administration, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - L C Woods
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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20
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Tekedar HC, Karsi A, Reddy JS, Nho SW, Kalindamar S, Lawrence ML. Comparative Genomics and Transcriptional Analysis of Flavobacterium columnare Strain ATCC 49512. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:588. [PMID: 28469601 PMCID: PMC5395568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is a Gram-negative fish pathogen causing columnaris disease in wild and cultured fish species. Although the pathogen is widespread in aquatic environments and fish worldwide, little is known about biology of F. columnare and mechanisms of columnaris disease pathogenesis. Previously we presented the complete genome sequence of F. columnare strain ATCC 49512. Here we present a comparison of the strain ATCC 49512 genome to four other Flavobacterium genomes. In this analysis, we identified predicted proteins whose functions indicate F. columnare is capable of denitrification, which would enable anaerobic growth in aquatic pond sediments. Anaerobic growth of F. columnare ATCC 49512 with nitrate supplementation was detected experimentally. F. columnare ATCC 49512 had a relatively high number of insertion sequences and genomic islands compared to the other Flavobacterium species, suggesting a larger degree of horizontal gene exchange and genome plasticity. A type VI subtype III secretion system was encoded in F. columnare along with F. johnsoniae and F. branchiophilum. RNA sequencing proved to be a valuable technique to improve annotation quality; 41 novel protein coding regions were identified, 16 of which had a non-traditional start site (TTG, GTG, and CTT). Candidate small noncoding RNAs were also identified. Our results improve our understanding of F. columnare ATCC 49512 biology, and our results support the use of RNA sequencing to improve annotation of bacterial genomes, particularly for type strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan C Tekedar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Attila Karsi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences ResearchJacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Seong W Nho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Safak Kalindamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, MS, USA
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare Pf1. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/5/e00900-16. [PMID: 27587818 PMCID: PMC5009975 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00900-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the etiologic agent of columnaris disease, a devastating fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industry. Here, we describe the complete genome of F. columnare strain Pf1, a highly virulent strain isolated from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in China.
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Cortisol directly impacts Flavobacterium columnare in vitro growth characteristics. Vet Res 2016; 47:84. [PMID: 27530746 PMCID: PMC4987970 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish faced with stressful stimuli launch an endocrine stress response through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis to release glucocorticoids, in particular cortisol, into the blood. For the majority of bacterial fish pathogens, stress is considered a key factor in disease outbreaks. Based upon studies in mammals, there is considerable evidence to suggest that, besides impairing the immune system, cortisol can have a direct effect on bacterial cells. Hitherto, this intriguing field of microbial endocrinology has remained largely unexplored in aquatic diseases. The present study investigated in vitro the impact of cortisol on phenotypic traits of the fresh water fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. Colonies obtained from the highly virulent (HV) isolates resulted in significantly larger and more spreading colonies compared to those from the low virulent (LV) isolates. High cortisol doses added displayed a direct effect on the bacterial cells and induced a significant decrease in colony size. An additional intriguing finding was the inverse relationship between cortisol concentrations added to the broth and the spreading character of colonies retrieved, with higher cortisol doses resulting in less rhizoid to rough and even smooth colony formation (the latter only in the LV trout isolate), suggesting a dose–response effect. The loss of the rhizoid appearance of the F. columnare colonies upon administration of cortisol, and hence the loss of motility, might indicate a phenotypic change to the biofilm state. These findings form the basis for further research on the impact of glucocorticoids on other virulence factors and biofilm formation of F. columnare.
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Mohammed HH, Arias CR. Protective efficacy of Nigella sativa seeds and oil against columnaris disease in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:693-703. [PMID: 26265495 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease, caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, is currently the most frequently reported bacterial disease affecting farm-raised channel catfish in the USA. Common treatments against the disease include the use of medicated feed that has led to emergent antibiotic resistant strains of F. columnare. Nigella sativa (Black cumin) is a medicinal herb commonly used by many cultures as a natural remedy for numerous disorders. Recently, we have discovered the antibacterial activity of N. sativa and its oil extract against F. columnare. In this study, we showed N. sativa oil (NSO) strongly inhibited the growth of all of the strains of F. columnare tested and yielded significantly larger zones of inhibition than those produced by oxytetracyclin. We tested the protective effect against columnaris disease in vivo by incorporating NSO (5%) or N. sativa seeds (NSS) (5%) into fish feeds. Fishes (Ictalurus punctatus and Danio rerio) fed amended diets displayed significantly lower mortality than those fed control diets. Per cent mortalities in control groups ranged from 77% to 44% and from 70% to 18% in zebrafish and channel catfish, respectively. A dose study using different NSS concentrations showed that 5% NSS offered the most protection against columnaris disease in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Mohammed
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C R Arias
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn, AL, USA
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Nakharuthai C, Areechon N, Srisapoome P. Molecular characterization, functional analysis, and defense mechanisms of two CC chemokines in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to severely pathogenic bacteria. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:207-228. [PMID: 26853931 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two full-length cDNAs encoding CC chemokine genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (On-CC1 and On-CC2) were cloned and characterized. On-CC1 and On-CC2 showed signature cysteine motifs consisting of four cysteines. The expression levels of On-CC1 and On-CC2 were analyzed by RT-PCR, which showed that low expression of these two genes was only observed in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and spleen of normal fish. Expression levels of these two molecules were quantified in 13 tissues of fish infected with virulent strains of Streptococcus agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare. Most tissues, especially PBLs, the spleen and the liver, expressed significantly higher mRNA levels than the controls, particularly at 12 and 24 h after infection (P < 0.05). The current study strongly indicates that CC chemokine genes in Nile tilapia are crucially involved in the early immune responses to pathogens. Functional analyses clearly demonstrated that 10 and 100 μg/ml of recombinant rOn-CC1 and rOn-CC2 proteins efficiently enhanced the phagocytic activity (in vitro) of Nile tilapia phagocytes. Finally, Southern blot analysis and searching in Ensembl databases demonstrated that two different functional CC chemokine genes and other pseudogene fragments were discovered in the Nile tilapia genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatsirin Nakharuthai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Thailand; Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nontawith Areechon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Thailand; Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Thailand; Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Kinnula H, Mappes J, Valkonen JK, Sundberg LR. The Influence of Infective Dose on the Virulence of a Generalist Pathogen in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Zebra Fish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139378. [PMID: 26421435 PMCID: PMC4589314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen density and genetic diversity fluctuate in the outside-host environment during and between epidemics, affecting disease emergence and the severity and probability of infections. Although the importance of these factors for pathogen virulence and infection probability has been acknowledged, their interactive effects are not well understood. We studied how an infective dose in an environmentally transmitted opportunistic fish pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, affects its virulence both in rainbow trout, which are frequently infected at fish farms, and in zebra fish, a host that is not naturally infected by F. columnare. We used previously isolated strains of confirmed high and low virulence in a single infection and in a co-infection. Infection success (measured as host morbidity) correlated positively with dose when the hosts were exposed to the high-virulence strain, but no response for the dose increase was found when the hosts were exposed to the low-virulence strain. Interestingly, the co-infection resulted in poorer infection success than the single infection with the high-virulence strain. The rainbow trout were more susceptible to the infection than the zebra fish but, in both species, the effects of the doses and the strains were qualitatively similar. We suggest that as an increase in dose can lead to increased host morbidity, both the interstrain interactions and differences in infectivity in different hosts may influence the severity and consequently the evolution of disease. Our results also confirm that the zebra fish is a good laboratory model to study F. columnare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kinnula
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanna Mappes
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Janne K. Valkonen
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Lotta-Riina Sundberg
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
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27
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LePage V, Young J, Dutton CJ, Crawshaw G, Paré JA, Kummrow M, McLelland DJ, Huber P, Young K, Russell S, Al-Hussinee L, Lumsden JS. Diseases of captive yellow seahorse Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, pot-bellied seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis Lesson and weedy seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacépède). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:439-450. [PMID: 24820967 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seahorses, pipefish and seadragons are fish of the Family Syngnathidae. From 1998 to 2010, 172 syngnathid cases from the Toronto Zoo were submitted for post-mortem diagnostics and retrospectively examined. Among the submitted species were yellow seahorses Hippocampus kuda Bleeker (n=133), pot-bellied seahorses Hippocampus abdominalis Lesson (n=35) and weedy seadragons Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacépède; n=4). The three most common causes of morbidity and mortality in this population were bacterial dermatitis, bilaterally symmetrical myopathy and mycobacteriosis, accounting for 24%, 17% and 15% of cases, respectively. Inflammatory processes were the most common diagnoses, present in 117 cases. Seven neoplasms were diagnosed, environmental aetiologies were identified in 46 cases, and two congenital defects were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- V LePage
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Declercq AM, Chiers K, Van den Broeck W, Dewulf J, Eeckhaut V, Cornelissen M, Bossier P, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Interactions of highly and low virulent Flavobacterium columnare isolates with gill tissue in carp and rainbow trout. Vet Res 2015; 46:25. [PMID: 25889257 PMCID: PMC4350652 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of Flavobacterium columnare isolates of different virulence with the gills of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) were investigated. Both fish species were exposed to different high (HV) or low virulence (LV) isolates and sacrificed at seven predetermined times post-challenge. Histopathological and ultrastructural examination of carp and rainbow trout inoculated with the HV-isolate disclosed bacterial invasion and concomitant destruction of the gill tissue, gradually spreading from the filament tips towards the base, with outer membrane vesicles surrounding most bacterial cells. In carp, 5-10% of the fish inoculated with the LV-isolate became moribund and their gill tissue displayed the same features as described for the HV-isolate, albeit to a lesser degree. The bacterial numbers retrieved from the gill tissue were significantly higher for HV- compared to LV-isolate challenged carp and rainbow trout. TUNEL-stained and caspase-3-immunostained gill sections demonstrated significantly higher apoptotic cell counts in carp and rainbow trout challenged with the HV-isolate compared to control animals. Periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue staining demonstrated a significantly higher total gill goblet cell count for HV- and LV-isolate challenged compared to control carp. Moreover, bacterial clusters were embedded in a neutral matrix while being encased by acid mucins, resembling biofilm formation. Eosinophilic granular cell counts were significantly higher in the HV-isolate compared to LV-isolate inoculated and control carp. The present data indicate a high colonization capacity, and the destructive and apoptotic-promoting features of the HV-isolate, and point towards important dynamic host mucin–F. columnare interactions warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Maria Declercq
- Department Morphology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department Morphology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Maria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Peter Bossier
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department Morphology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Mu W, Yao J, Zhang J, Liu S, Wen H, Feng J, Liu Z. Expression of tumor suppressor genes in channel catfish after bacterial infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:171-177. [PMID: 25453578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes are negative regulators of tumor formation. While their anti-tumor functions have been well studied, they have been found to be also involved in immune responses and innate immunity. In this study, 21 tumor suppressor genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were characterized. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses allowed annotation of all 21 catfish tumor suppressor genes. The expression profiles of the 21 catfish tumor suppressor genes were determined using the RNA-Seq datasets. After Edwardsiella ictaluri infection, expression of five of the 21 tumor suppressor genes was up-regulated at 3 days in the intestine, and four of the 21 genes were up-regulated in the liver 14 days post-infection. With Flavobacterium columnare infection, seven genes were up-regulated in the gill at 48 h post-infection. These results expanded our knowledge on the tumor suppressor genes in teleosts, setting a foundation for future studies to unravel functions of tumor suppressor genes in response to stresses, particularly after bacterial disease infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Mu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Haishen Wen
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Richards GP. Bacteriophage remediation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture: a review of the technology. BACTERIOPHAGE 2014; 4:e975540. [PMID: 26713223 PMCID: PMC4590005 DOI: 10.4161/21597081.2014.975540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotic usage and several studies on their application in aquaculture have been reported. This review highlights progress to date on phage therapies for the following fish and shellfish diseases and associated pathogens: hemorrhagic septicemia (Aeromonas hydrophila) in loaches, furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida) in trout and salmon, edwardsiellosis (Edwardsiella tarda) in eel, columnaris disease (Flavobacterium columnare) in catfish, rainbow trout fry syndrome or cold water disease (Flavobacterium psychrophilum) in trout and salmon, lactococcosis (Lactococcus spp.) in yellowtail, ulcerative skin lesions (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in freshwater catfish, bacterial hemorrhagic ascites disease (Pseudomonas plecoglossicida) in ayu fish, streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae) in flounder, and luminescent vibriosis (Vibrio harveyi) in shrimp. Information is reviewed on phage specificity, host resistance, routes of administration, and dosing of fish and shellfish. Limitations in phage research are described and recommended guidelines are provided for conducting future phage studies involving fish and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Delaware State University ; Dover, DE USA
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31
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Scott SJ, Bollinger TK. Flavobacterium columnare: an important contributing factor to fish die-offs in southern lakes of Saskatchewan, Canada. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:832-6. [PMID: 25274742 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714553591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During June and July 2012, Buffalo Pound Lake and Blackstrap Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada were visited biweekly and surveyed for sick and dying fish. During this investigation, 2 fish kills were identified. Buffalo Pound experienced a large die-off of yellow perch (Perca flavascens) in June, while Blackstrap experienced a die-off of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in July. In excess of 50 fish were examined for gross lesions at each lake, and dead and moribund fish consistently had 1 or more of the following lesions: multifocal petechial cutaneous hemorrhage, skin ulceration, or branchial necrosis. Of these, 17 fish were collected for necropsy, and major tissues were submitted for histology. Aerobic bacterial culture was performed on 16 out of 17 fish. In 7 out of 8 (88%) yellow perch, the body wall had multiple areas of pale discoloration that corresponded to erosion and ulceration of the skin. Seven out of 8 (88%) whitefish had severe necrotizing branchiitis, and 8 out of 8 (100%) had severe epicardial parasitism, consistent with Ichthyocotylurus erraticus. Wet mounts of skin and gill lesions demonstrated filamentous bacteria with gliding motility, which often formed haystack-like arrangements. Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas hydrophila were cultured from skin and gill lesions of all fish. Based on the characteristic appearance and distribution of lesions, mortality was attributed to columnaris disease with secondary infection with A. hydrophila. The current study demonstrates that columnaris disease is an important contributor to fish kills in southern Saskatchewan lakes. However, further research is needed to determine what role environmental factors play in outbreaks of columnaris disease in prairie lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Scott, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaCanadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Trent K Bollinger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Scott, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaCanadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Declercq AM, Haesebrouck F, Van den Broeck W, Bossier P, Decostere A. Columnaris disease in fish: a review with emphasis on bacterium-host interactions. Vet Res 2013; 44:27. [PMID: 23617544 PMCID: PMC3648355 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) is the causative agent of columnaris disease. This bacterium affects both cultured and wild freshwater fish including many susceptible commercially important fish species. F. columnare infections may result in skin lesions, fin erosion and gill necrosis, with a high degree of mortality, leading to severe economic losses. Especially in the last decade, various research groups have performed studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of columnaris disease, leading to significant progress in defining the complex interactions between the organism and its host. Despite these efforts, the pathogenesis of columnaris disease hitherto largely remains unclear, compromising the further development of efficient curative and preventive measures to combat this disease. Besides elaborating on the agent and the disease it causes, this review aims to summarize these pathogenesis data emphasizing the areas meriting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Maria Declercq
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Zhai Z, Li X, Xiao X, Yu J, Chen M, Yu Y, Wu G, Li Y, Ye L, Yao H, Lu C, Zhang W. Immunoproteomics selection of cross-protective vaccine candidates from Riemerella anatipestifer serotypes 1 and 2. Vet Microbiol 2013. [PMID: 23206409 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhai
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xi Xiao
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yanzhe Li
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Linlu Ye
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Huochun Yao
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chengping Lu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Declercq AM, Boyen F, Van den Broeck W, Bossier P, Karsi A, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Flavobacterium columnare isolates collected worldwide from 17 fish species. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:45-55. [PMID: 22957716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in diverse fish species worldwide. Although columnaris is an important disease, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of F. columnare is not well studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 97 F. columnare isolates collected worldwide between 1987 and 2011 from 17 fish species. The broth microdilution technique was utilized for reliable testing of these fastidious organisms. None of the isolates displayed acquired resistance to florfenicol, gentamicin, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Acquired resistance to chloramphenicol was detected in 1%, to nitrofuran in 5%, to oxytetracycline in 11% and to enrofloxacin, flumequine and oxolinic acid in 10%, 16% and 16% of the isolates, respectively, as reflected by a bimodal or trimodal distribution of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). One isolate showed acquired resistance towards several antimicrobial agents including erythromycin. Another isolate revealed acquired resistance towards - amongst others - ampicillin. The isolates displaying acquired resistance originated from ornamental fish species or Vietnamese catfish, except for two isolates coming from wild channel catfish in which acquired resistance was encountered towards oxytetracycline only. Fifty per cent of the resistant isolates from ornamental fish were shown to have acquired resistance against three classes of antimicrobial agents, assigning these isolates as multiple resistant. These data might indicate less prudent use of antimicrobials especially in ornamental fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Declercq
- Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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35
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Kumar Verma D, Rathore G. Molecular characterization of Flavobacterium columnare isolated from a natural outbreak of columnaris disease in farmed fish, Catla catla from India. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2013; 59:417-24. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.59.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Skrodenytė–arbačiauskienė V. Antibacterial Abilities of Intestinal \mocroflora in Cultured and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo SalarL.) Fry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/13921657.2005.10512701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhai Z, Cheng L, Tang F, Lu Y, Shao J, Liu G, Bao Y, Chen M, Shang K, Fan H, Yao H, Lu C, Zhang W. Immunoproteomic identification of 11 novel immunoreactive proteins ofRiemerella anatipestiferserotype 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:84-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Simultaneous detection of multiple fish pathogens using a naked-eye readable DNA microarray. SENSORS 2012; 12:2710-28. [PMID: 22736973 PMCID: PMC3376613 DOI: 10.3390/s120302710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We coupled 16S rDNA PCR and DNA hybridization technology to construct a microarray for simultaneous detection and discrimination of eight fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Flavobacterium columnare, Lactococcus garvieae, Photobacterium damselae, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio anguillarum) commonly encountered in aquaculture. The array comprised short oligonucleotide probes (30 mer) complementary to the polymorphic regions of 16S rRNA genes for the target pathogens. Targets annealed to the microarray probes were reacted with streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3′-indolylphosphate, p-toluidine salt (NBT/BCIP), resulting in blue spots that are easily visualized by the naked eye. Testing was performed against a total of 168 bacterial strains, i.e., 26 representative collection strains, 81 isolates of target fish pathogens, and 61 ecologically or phylogenetically related strains. The results showed that each probe consistently identified its corresponding target strain with 100% specificity. The detection limit of the microarray was estimated to be in the range of 1 pg for genomic DNA and 103 CFU/mL for pure pathogen cultures. These high specificity and sensitivity results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNA microarrays in the diagnostic detection of fish pathogens.
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Blazer VS, Iwanowicz LR, Starliper CE, Iwanowicz DD, Barbash P, Hedrick JD, Reeser SJ, Mullican JE, Zaugg SD, Burkhardt MR, Kelble J. Mortality of centrarchid fishes in the Potomac drainage: survey results and overview of potential contributing factors. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2010; 22:190-218. [PMID: 21192549 DOI: 10.1577/h10-002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Skin lesions and spring mortality events of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and selected other species were first noted in the South Branch of the Potomac River in 2002. Since that year morbidity and mortality have also been observed in the Shenandoah and Monocacy rivers. Despite much research, no single pathogen, parasite, or chemical cause for the lesions and mortality has been identified. Numerous parasites, most commonly trematode metacercariae and myxozoans; the bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium columnare; and largemouth bass virus have all been observed. None have been consistently isolated or observed at all sites, however, nor has any consistent microscopic pathology of the lesions been observed. A variety of histological changes associated with exposure to environmental contaminants or stressors, including intersex (testicular oocytes), high numbers of macrophage aggregates, oxidative damage, gill lesions, and epidermal papillomas, were observed. The findings indicate that selected sensitive species may be stressed by multiple factors and constantly close to the threshold between a sustainable (healthy) and nonsustainable (unhealthy) condition. Fish health is often used as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health, and these findings raise concerns about environmental degradation within the Potomac River drainage. Unfortunately, while much information has been gained from the studies conducted to date, due to the multiple state jurisdictions involved, competing interests, and other issues, there has been no coordinated approach to identifying and mitigating the stressors. This synthesis emphasizes the need for multiyear, interdisciplinary, integrative research to identify the underlying stressors and possible management actions to enhance ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, USA.
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Dumpala PR, Gülsoy N, Lawrence ML, Karsi A. Proteomic analysis of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:26. [PMID: 20525376 PMCID: PMC2890538 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in cultured and wild fish populations worldwide. Columnaris is the second most prevalent bacterial disease of commercial channel catfish industry in the United States. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the expressed proteins and virulence mechanisms of F. columnare. Here, we report the first high throughput proteomic analysis of F. columnare using 2-D LC ESI MS/MS and 2-DE MALDI TOF/TOF MS. RESULTS Proteins identified in this study and predicted from the draft F. columnare genome were clustered into functional groups using clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), and their subcellular locations were predicted. Possible functional relations among the identified proteins were determined using pathway analysis. The total number of unique F. columnare proteins identified using both 2-D LC and 2-DE approaches was 621, of which 10.95% (68) were identified by both methods, while 77.29% (480) and 11.76% (73) were unique in 2-D LC and 2-DE, respectively. COG groupings and subcellular localizations were similar between our data set and proteins predicted from the whole genome. Twenty eight pathways were significantly represented in our dataset (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Results from this study provide experimental evidence for many proteins that were predicted from the F. columnare genome annotation, and they should accelerate functional and comparative studies aimed at understanding virulence mechanisms of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R Dumpala
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6100, USA
| | - Nagihan Gülsoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Marmara University, Göztepe, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6100, USA
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6100, USA
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Li N, Zhang J, Zhang LQ, Nie P. Difference in genes between a high virulence strain G(4) and a low virulence strain G(18) of Flavobacterium columnare by using suppression subtractive hybridization. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:403-412. [PMID: 20102440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease. Different genetic groups of F. columnare show to some extent different degrees of virulence. To identify genetic differences between the high virulence strain G(4) and the low virulence strain G(18) of F. columnare, suppression subtractive hybridization was used. A total of 46 genes were identified from the virulent strain G(4), 35 of which showed some degree of homology with known proteins and can be classified into 11 categories: DNA replication or recombination proteins, inorganic ion transport proteins, outer membrane proteins, enterotoxin, binding proteins, YD repeat proteins, transposase, chaperon, signal transduction-related proteins, regulatory proteins, metabolism-related proteins. Several putative virulence factors identified in other bacteria could also be identified in the virulent strain G(4), such as ferrous iron transport protein, TonB-dependent receptor, transposases, as well as ABC transporter permease protein. The flanking region of a putative transposase ISFclI was analysed, and a putative Rhs element was located at the downstream of the putative transposase. The analysis of isfclI gene in 24 strains of F. columnare isolated in China revealed that 11 strains have isfclI, and all the strains from Zhaoqing, Anhui and Qingjiang have isfclI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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COLUMNARIS DISEASE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ITS BACTERIAL PATHOGEN FLAVOBACTERIUM COLUMNARE IN FRESHWATER FISH IN CHINA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1035.2009.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rattanachaikunsopon P, Phumkhachorn P. Use of asiatic pennywort Centella asiatica aqueous extract as a bath treatment to control columnaris in Nile tilapia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2010; 22:14-20. [PMID: 20575361 DOI: 10.1577/h09-021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To develop antibiotic-free and chemical-free aquaculture, it is necessary to have natural substances to control diseases of aquatic animals. The aim of this study was to find an herb having therapeutic effect against columnaris, a fish disease caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare. Of all tested herbs (including kalmegh Andrographis paniculata, candle bush Cassia alata, Asiatic pennywort Centella asiatica, mangosteen Garcinia mangostana, pomegranate Punica granatum, and guava Psidium guajava), the aqueous extract of Asiatic pennywort exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against F. columnare; the minimal inhibitory concentration was 31.25 lg/mL. It was also found to have a bactericidal effect on F. columnare. When experimental bath exposures of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to F. columnare were performed, the median lethal dose was determined to be 2.37 x 10(5) colony forming units/mL. For in vivo trials, six different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) of Asiatic pennywort aqueous extract were used as bath treatments to control experimentally induced columnaris in Nile tilapia. The decrease in fish mortality was dose dependent, and at a concentration of 100 mg/L no mortality or adverse effects were noted in the infected fish. This study suggests that Asiatic pennywort aqueous extract has the potential to control disease caused by F. columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rattanachaikunsopon
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.
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Darwish AM, Farmer BD, Hawke JP. Improved method for determining antibiotic susceptibility of Flavobacterium columnare isolates by broth microdilution. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2008; 20:185-191. [PMID: 19306607 DOI: 10.1577/h07-047.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reproducible microdilution method was developed to test the susceptibility of the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare to antibiotics in vitro. The testing was conducted at 28 degrees C for 44-48 h at two dilutions of Mueller-Hinton broth (DMHB) using a standardized inoculum, a reference isolate of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 as a quality control organism, positive and negative control wells, and standardized custom-made microtiter plates. The E. coli ATCC25922 and F. columnare ATCC23463 (the species type strain) had significantly better growth in DMHB at 1:5 (4 g/L) than at 1:7 (3 g/L). The E. coli ATCC25922 was found to be acceptable as a reference isolate and produced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values similar to those in the range published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute derived using standard Mueller-Hinton broth. The new method was used to determine the MIC of 23 F. columnare isolates (representing the three genotypes of the species) to enrofloxacin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine, and oxolinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Darwish
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree-Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Post Office Box 1050, 2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, USA.
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Staroscik AM, Hunnicutt DW, Archibald KE, Nelson DR. Development of methods for the genetic manipulation of Flavobacterium columnare. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:115. [PMID: 18620586 PMCID: PMC2483708 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease, a disease affecting many freshwater fish species. Methods for the genetic manipulation for some of the species within the Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Flavobacterium, have been described, but these methods were not adapted to work with F. columnare. Results As a first step toward developing a robust set of genetic tools for F. columnare, a protocol was developed to introduce the E. coli – Flavobacterium shuttle vector pCP29 into F. columnare strain C#2 by conjugal mating at an efficiency of 1.5 × 10-3 antibiotic-resistant transconjugants per recipient cell. Eight of eleven F. columnare strains tested were able to receive pCP29 using the protocol. pCP29 contains the cfxA and ermF genes, conferring both cefoxitin and erythromycin resistance to recipient cells. Selection for pCP29 introduction into F. columnare was dependent on cfxA, as ermF was found not to provide strong resistance to erythromycin. This is in contrast to other Flavobacterium species where ermF-based erythromycin resistance is strong. The green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was introduced into F. columnare strains under the control of two different native Flavobacterium promoters, demonstrating the potential of this reporter system for the study of gene expression. The transposon Tn4351 was successfully introduced into F. columnare, but the method was dependent on selecting for erythromycin resistance. To work, low concentrations of antibiotic (1 μg ml-1) were used, and high levels of background growth occurred. These results demonstrate that Tn4351 functions in F. columnare but that it is not an effective mutagenesis tool due to its dependence on erythromycin selection. Attempts to generate mutants via homologous recombination met with limited success, suggesting that RecA dependent homologous recombination is rare in F. columnare. Conclusion The conjugation protocol developed as part of this study represents a significant first step towards the development of a robust set of genetic tools for the manipulation of F. columnare. The availability of this protocol will facilitate studies aimed at developing a deeper understanding of the virulence mechanisms of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Staroscik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Olivares-Fuster O, Arias C. Use of suppressive subtractive hybridization to identify Flavobacterium columnare DNA sequences not shared with Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 46:605-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pilarski F, Rossini AJ, Ceccarelli PS. Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare (Bernardet et al. 2002) from four tropical fish species in Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2008; 68:409-14. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842008000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish, implicated in skin and gill disease, often causing high mortality. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare in tropical fish in Brazil. Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and cascudo (Hypostomus plecostomus) were examined for external lesions showing signs of colunmaris disease such as greyish white spots, especially on the head, dorsal part and caudal fin of the fish. The sampling comprised 50 samples representing four different fish species selected for study. Samples for culture were obtained by skin and kidney scrapes with a sterile cotton swabs of columnaris disease fish and streaked onto Carlson and Pacha (1968) artificial culture medium (broth and solid) which were used for isolation. The strains in the liquid medium were Gram negative, long, filamentous, exhibited flexing movements (gliding motility), contained a large number of long slender bacteria and gathered into ‘columns'. Strains on the agar produced yellow-pale colonies, rather small, flat that had rhizoid edges. A total of four Flavobacterium columnare were isolated: 01 Brycon orbignyanus strain, 01 Piaractus mesopotamicus strain, 01 Colossoma macropomum strain, and 01 Hypostomus plecostomus strain. Biochemical characterization, with its absorption of Congo red dye, production of flexirubin-type pigments, H2S production and reduction of nitrates proved that the isolate could be classified as Flavobacterium columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - PS. Ceccarelli
- Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros Continentais, Brazil
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Liu GY, Nie P, Zhang J, Li N. Proteomic analysis of the sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction of Flavobacterium columnare. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:269-276. [PMID: 18353018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of bacteria are key molecules interacting with the host environment. Flavobacterium columnare, a pathogen-causing columnaris disease of fish worldwide, was studied in order to understand the composition of its OMPs. The sarcosine-insoluble membrane fraction of the OMPs was analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in combination with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC MS/MS). Thirty-six proteins were identified, including proteins involved in cell wall/membrane biogenesis, specific transport of various nutrients and in essential metabolism. The present study is the first report on the OMPs of F. columnare, and may serve as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Staroscik AM, Nelson DR. The influence of salmon surface mucus on the growth of Flavobacterium columnare. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:59-69. [PMID: 18086035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease. The presence of lesions on the gills, skin and fins of diseased fish suggests that F. columnare is able to utilize fish skin mucus as a substrate for growth and that exposure to this material would alter the expression of genes involved in the colonization of the outer surfaces of the fish. Growth, biofilm formation, extracellular protease production and changes in protein expression of F. columnare strain C#2 cultured in media supplemented with juvenile Atlantic salmon skin mucus were compared with the same media without mucus. C#2 was able to grow by using mucus as the sole nutrient source. Growth in mucus-containing media induced cells to grow as a biofilm and extracellular protease activity increased in mucus-containing cultures. SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed that expression of six extracellular proteins increased in mucus-containing media. These results demonstrate that salmon surface mucus promotes the growth of F. columnare and that exposure to mucus alters the growth characteristics of this bacterium with regard to protease production and biofilm formation. Further characterization of mucus-induced physiological changes will increase our understanding of the basis of virulence of this economically important fish pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Staroscik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Soto E, Mauel MJ, Karsi A, Lawrence ML. Genetic and virulence characterization of Flavobacterium columnare from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:1302-10. [PMID: 18005349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a method for conducting pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on Flavobacterium columnare, to use PFGE to characterize F. columnare channel catfish isolates, and to determine whether variation in pathogenic potential exists in F. columnare isolates from channel catfish. METHODS AND RESULTS On the basis of PFGE-derived profiles, similarity dendrograms constructed for more than 30 F. columnare isolates showed two major genetic groups with more than 60% similarity. Channel catfish fingerlings challenged with PFGE group A isolates by bath immersion had significantly higher average mortalities (>60%) than fish challenged with PFGE group B isolates (<9%). However, abrasion and skin mucus removal made channel catfish fingerlings susceptible to disease caused by group B isolates following immersion exposure. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that two genetic divisions of F. columnare channel catfish isolates exist, and that isolates in PFGE group A isolates tend to be more pathogenic to immunocompetent channel catfish fingerlings than PFGE group B isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PFGE is a potentially useful tool for determining whether F. columnare isolates are more likely to be primary or secondary pathogens. Pathogenesis research for columnaris disease in catfish should focus on pathogenic isolates from PFGE group A.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Soto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, MS, USA
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